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A massive army, swallowed by a sea of sand.

A lost city, believed to be buried by the hand of God.

And a sunken man-made structure, older than civilization itself.

It was not that long ago that the ruins of the world's oldest known

civilizations lay hidden beneath vast deserts.

Over thousands of years, the sands of time blanketed an ancient land

stretching from Egypt to Mesopotamia, entombing the world's first cities,

empires, and complex communities.

What's been discovered so far is extraordinary.

It only begs the question, what secrets will be uncovered as we dig deeper into

our buried distant past?

Well, that is what we'll try and find out.

Today, more than 8 billion people live in nearly 200 countries around the

globe.

But what are the origins of our organized and complex modern world?

According to archaeologists, the answers lie buried in the mysterious deserts of

North Africa and the Near East.

where thousands of years ago, ancient societies laid the foundations of human

civilization.

Africa, Arabia, and ancient Mesopotamia gave us some of the earliest cultures

that we have.

And so we'll see monumental architecture, or we'll see evidence of

an organized religion, or diversified trade or jobs among people.

Sometimes we'll see a single language.

These are what we begin to call the markers of a civilization, as opposed to

just a bunch of people living together.

And all subsequent civilizations basically rose from these earliest

cultures in the region.

There's a rich history of buried cities under the sands.

So you have all these great temples, forts, buildings, empires that are there

in the deserts.

It's a place of mystery.

We've uncovered many of these civilizations, but there's so many other

places that are hidden, so many other sites that are yet to be uncovered.

It's hard to imagine the devastation and loss faced by communities who are no

match to powerful desert winds.

Some storms are said to be so strong a massive army could be swallowed.

by a sea of sand.

Pelusium, Egypt.

This fortified border city once protected ancient Egypt from invaders.

According to the famed Greek historian Herodotus, in 525 BC, it was the site of

the Battle of Pelusium.

When the Persian Empire, led by King Cambyses II, became the first, foreign

power to conquer ancient Egypt.

The Persian Empire has taken over most of Egypt at this point in history, but

there are some holdouts. So one of the holdouts is that this oasis city of

Siwas that refused to bend the knee to the Persian king, this is in the very

western desert of Egypt, where there is an oracle to the Egyptian god Amun.

The Oracle of Amun.

was a famous temple, renowned as a center for prophecy, where priests would

interpret the divine will of Amon, the most powerful deity in ancient Egypt.

And for a conquering king, a blessing from this all-powerful god would justify

his rule over Egypt.

And so the great Persian ruler, Cambyses II, He wants the oracle to confirm

his divine kingship. The oracle refuses to do that. So we get this story from

the Greek historian Herodotus. Somewhere around 525 BC, Cambyses II

sends his army out to say, oh, you're not going to affirm me as divine king.

I'm going to destroy this oracle. I'm going to send out 50,000 of my best

soldiers to go through, cross the desert to the Oracle of Siwa and lay waste to

it.

According to Herodotus, 50,000 Persian soldiers set out from the city of

Thebes, the former capital of Upper Egypt, to defy the gods and destroy

the Oracle of Amman.

But first...

They would brave at 10 to 14 day march across a vast wasteland known as

the Great Sand Sea.

The Great Sand Sea is a huge area.

It's about 400 kilometers long and probably as many kilometers wide.

And it really looks like a sea. You can hardly see any gaps between the dunes.

It's just row after row after row.

It's just very difficult to travel in.

because the dunes are extremely steep and quite high, but the real difficulty

is sufficient supplies of water, and there are no wells.

But you might also stumble into quicksand.

You could be caught in a sandstorm. You could be bitten by a scorpion or poison

a snake. So the whole environment is really against you.

This is called the Great Sand Sea, and sandstorms are real, and they are

something to be reckoned with.

At Siwa, they're obviously notably nervous, because they know this army is

coming.

50,000 men, and according to Herodotus, after several days marching in the

desert, they simply disappear without a trace.

They're never heard from again.

And Herodotus assumes they are buried in the sand.

and that somewhere under the dunes of the Great Pantheon lies the lost army of

Cambyses.

Could 50,000 soldiers simply disappear?

For more than 2,500 years, historians have debated the unknown fate of the

lost army of Cambyses, and whether it even happened in the first place.

After all, Herodotus wrote about these events.

nearly a century after they allegedly took place.

Now this story comes to us from Herodotus and his histories. It was

talked about this story already existing.

Herodotus is known as the father of histories, but he's also been called the

father of lies.

So how much can we trust Herodotus on this? We don't have a lot of other

corroborating information.

Did 50,000 Persian soldiers succumb to the great sand sea?

Or is the legend nothing more than myth?

Some believe the ancient desert is slowly revealing the army's fate.

Bahrain, Egypt, 2009.

After excavating the area around a tiny oasis deep in the Sahara, southeast of

the ancient ruins of Siwa, Italian archaeologists Alfredo and Angelo

Castiglione

Make a remarkable discovery.

The Castiglione brothers went in search of the missing army of Cambyses.

What they did was follow the caravan routes through the western desert of

Egypt, and eventually they did actually come across a large number of artifacts.

They came across bronze weapons, they came across human bones,

They came across various water jugs that had actually been planted into the

ground. And they also came across a large amount of jewelry. And they were

able to analyze these and come to the conclusion that they did indeed date to

the Persian period of occupation in Egypt.

And it could well be that these Italian researchers did actually find evidence

of this missing army.

There's a lot of people who are skeptical.

Essentially, the argument is to say those could have been by anybody. It

could have been by any visitor. And so it's really not clear if what they found

was actually evidence of the lost army.

But whether that was the lost army or not, the artifacts they found in the

sand tell us that there is stuff buried in the desert still to find that can

tell us something about the past.

It's hard to imagine.

what it must have been like to lose 50,000 Persian soldiers in the

unforgiving desert.

But forgiveness might have played a different role for a lost city uncovered

in southern Iraq, where some believe the ancient ruins may be linked to the

Garden of Eden.

Southern Iraq, February 1854.

A British team, led by archaeologist John George Taylor, excavates what

appears to be a series of barren desert mounds.

But incredibly, they soon uncover an extensive network of brick walls and a

massive ziggurat.

They later determine these structures are the remains of a remarkable ancient

city buried by the sands of time.

John George Taylor, who also crucially found bricks that actually were

stamped with the name of the city, and that was Eridu.

Eridu is considered the oldest city of the world. It dates back to about 5400

BC, and was actually constructed by the ancient Sumerian culture.

The Sumerians themselves said that Eridu was the most ancient city.

The Sumerians are an important civilization for many different reasons.

First and foremost, that they invent writing in a system known as cuneiform,

which is just the wedge-shaped impressions that a reed stylus would

make into clay tablets.

Another important contribution that the Sumerians give to us is the development

of urban lifestyle.

So the first cities.

In these cities, we begin to find the emergence of political elites, religious

elites. Eridu is the first political center of this region. And couple that

with writing, and we start to get a real picture of a society, really the

beginnings of our knowledge of history.

Soon after the discovery of Eridu, the ancient city drew the attention of

British Assyriologist Theopolis Pinchas.

And his 1908 book was responsible for inspiring a provocative yet long

-standing theory that Eridu may have actually been the most famous paradise

in human history, as described in the Bible, the Garden of

Eden.

The Garden of Eden in the book of Genesis first appears in chapter 2, and

it's placed right there at the beginning.

of creation.

It's set up as a place where God creates the human

and puts him in this garden.

And his job is to till it, to take care of it.

And soon Adam and Eve are in this garden, living together in this idyllic

life. The big question is, is the Garden of Eden a real place, or is it a

mythological place?

Or is it a metaphor for humanity?

Was the Garden of Eden a real location?

A lush paradise where the first human beings are said to have lived?

And if so, could Eden have been located in Eridu, the oldest human settlement

ever discovered?

In 2025, researchers did this amazing study where they discovered that...

200 irrigation canals and 4,000 branch canals were situated in and

around the city of Eridu to bring water to where they wanted.

And so what this tells us about the environment is that it was much wetter,

much more productive than it is now.

The result of the irrigation engineering was the abundance of fabulous, very,

very well-managed gardens.

very well-ordered, beautiful, lush, manicured little paradises that

proliferated in Eridu.

It's incredible to think that this desert wasteland was once home to

bountiful and vibrant life of all kinds.

But why would Eridu even be considered a possible location for the Garden of

Eden? Well, some point to clues mentioned in the Bible's Book of

Genesis. In Genesis, we're told that the Garden of Eden has four rivers.

They are the Tigris, the Euphrates, the Gihon, and the Pishon. We know what the

Tigris and Euphrates are. These are two very famous rivers that essentially run

all the way down through Iraq and into the Persian Gulf.

While many scholars think that the Garden of Eden is a metaphor for a

utopian paradise,

Many people actually think it's in ancient Mesopotamia.

I do think the Bible gives us a real place when it's describing Eden. The

clues are the rivers.

We know where the Tigris and Euphrates are. The more challenging ones are the

ones that have since disappeared, the Pisan and the Gihon.

And so we start with what do we know? Well, we know where the Euphrates River

is, and we know where the Tigris River is.

And so if we're taking the text of the Bible at face value, then... That's

where the Garden of Eden is.

And this is very interesting because Eridu is right on one of these major

rivers that we're talking about. In this case, it's the Euphrates River.

That's then very consistent with the Eden story.

While Eridu appears to be in the same region that Scripture describes as the

Garden of Eden, some believe another clue can be found in ancient

Mesopotamian tales.

surrounding the Sumerian creator god known as Enki.

One of the prominent figures associated with this idea that Eridu was a biblical

Eden is Enki, patron deity of the city, the god of wisdom, and the god of

underwater aquifers and fresh water.

Enki is a major figure in most of the Sumerian creation myths. He has a very

important role to play in the emergence of not just humanity, but really life

itself. He opts to create humanity.

And so what we find is early associations of Eridu with a site of

creation, a paradise, a Mesopotamian Eden.

The Garden of Eden story, it has to be sort of thought of as this origin story,

as where we come from.

So maybe Eridu was one of the sources, or maybe the main source for the Garden

of Eden.

We know Eridu was remembered fondly as the birthplace of civilization, but the

Sumerian and Mesopotamian civilizations, could this have been sort of what we

remember through the Garden of Eden story?

It's possible.

It would be a remarkable discovery if Eridu was indeed linked to the mythical

Garden of Eden.

The same can be said for another legendary location, a place so decadent

it was said to be swallowed up by the desert at God's command.

The Arabian Peninsula.

It's home to seven sovereign nations and some of the wealthiest cities on Earth.

Dubai is a mecca of business and luxury trade, and home to over 86,000

millionaires. And Abu Dhabi is considered one of the richest centers

for global finance in the world.

Yet, surrounding these opulent, money-soaked metropolises lies nearly

one million square miles of empty desert.

And beneath this vast and scorched landscape lies countless ancient secrets

lost to time.

One of the interesting things about the desert in Arabia is that structures that

were once built get buried in sand, meaning they're preserved from the

elements. They didn't rot. They didn't get knocked down. They're still there

for us to discover.

There's thousands of years of things being buried underneath those sands. And

there are a number of accounts of lost cities in Arabia.

So if you go later in the Islamic world, the Arabian Nights, they talk about

lost cities, buried cities.

But then we also know that Arab culture is an oral culture. It's an oral

tradition. So for hundreds, thousands of years, you have these stories.

of the cities buried underneath the sands.

Of all the tales of ancient cities said to be buried in the deserts of Arabia,

the most famous is the story of a legendary lost realm known as

Ubar.

There are persistent legends among the Arabic people in the Arabian Peninsula

of a great city.

That became incredibly rich from frankincense.

Frankincense is a hard substance that was used in funeral rites and all sorts

of things. It was incredibly valuable.

It would have made someone incredibly rich to control that, and that's what

the city of Ubar supposedly did.

But no one knows if it's real or not, just that it's a great, important city

that is lost in the sands of Arabia.

You have these stories of this ancient city.

Uba, capital city of the frankincense trade that grows rich and wealthy, and

that this wealth leads to corruption.

There's all sorts of immoral behavior.

If you look at the oral traditions, this great wind from God literally buries

this city under the sands.

And the idea there is that even the wealthiest, most powerful cities aren't

immune to divine retribution.

It has been passed down through oral lore and legends by Bedouin tribes and

nomads in the Arabian Peninsula for we're not quite sure how long.

And this image of a civilization sinking beneath the sands really caught on in

popular imagination.

And so in the 1930s, Bertram Thomas picked this up and dubbed this the

Atlantis of the Sands.

Famed British diplomat and explorer Bertram Thomas.

had been travelling through the Arabian desert in the early 1930s when he set

out to solve the great mystery of this legendary lost city.

Bertram Thomas went in search of Ubar and he spent time

with the Bedouin.

The Bedouin have been there for many, many thousands of years. It's obviously

their home.

And they fully believed in the existence of this city.

And Thomas crossed the desert, and he got to a certain point, and they

basically said, that is the path that will eventually lead you to it.

But unfortunately, due to the provisions that he had, he couldn't deviate from

the actual course that he was on.

All he was able to do was record all the stories and the folklore.

that the Bedouin gave him and continued his journey.

So that was the end of that particular third.

February 5th, 1992.

A bombshell article published on the front page of the New York Times makes a

shocking claim that the fabled lost city of Ubar may have finally been found.

An American explorer by the name of Nicholas Clatt.

working with the British explorer Ranulf Fiennes decided to use

satellite images to follow the different Bedouin routes and see if they

could trace the actual location of this lost city.

They used satellite technology and declassified images from NASA to have a

look over that broad area and what they found was that a number of roots

converged around the site of Shiza in Oman.

The conclusion that they came to was that this was ancient Ubar. They had

found the center of the frankincense trade.

But a number of archaeologists aren't quite sure about this conclusion.

Was the Atlantis of the Sands really discovered in the southeastern corner of

the Arabian Peninsula and in a village now known as Shiza?

While it remains a controversial claim, local investigations have yielded even

more intriguing discoveries.

With Klatt's expedition, they were the ones to discover that there's clearly

something quite extensive that was there before at what we now call the village

of Schitter.

There's some rock walls, there's a well that was accessible, so it did...

fulfill a lot of the criteria for a settlement in the desert. And it wasn't

insignificant by any means.

They found evidence of a eight-sided fortress that had collapsed in

on itself.

And this, of course, fitted very well with the lost city of Ubar. The idea

that it had been quite literally swallowed up by the sands itself.

Most of us think... that there are so many of these cities that are buried

underneath the sands and waiting to be rediscovered. It's possible that what

Nicholas Clapp found was Uba.

It's also possible that this was another fort.

We don't know what happened for sure.

If a legendary lost city truly vanished beneath the Arabian sands, perhaps it's

not the only mystery hidden there.

Because beyond the ruins of Ubar lies the empty quarter of the largest sand

desert on Earth, where it is said that powerful, supernatural beings known as

jinn haunt the shifting sands.

In southern Arabia, a giant ocean of sand stretches across more than 250,000

square miles, an area about the size of Texas.

This massive desert covers a quarter of the Arabian Peninsula and is populated

only by nomadic Bedouin tribes and oil field workers.

The region is almost completely uninhabited, which is why it has come to

be known as the Empty Quarter.

The Empty Quarter Desert is a really unique place. There's lots of deserts

all over the world, and many of them feel vast.

and uninhabited and remote, but none of them can match the empty quarter.

Humans have still been unable to tame the wilderness of the empty quarter

desert. They can travel through, but even that's a challenge.

There's nothing that matches the intensity of that solitude and that

disconnection from the rest of the world.

But according to those who have dared to venture into this vast and harsh

wilderness, A dark secret haunts the shifting sands, and the empty quarter

may not be as empty as it seems.

There have been lots of stories from the empty quarter about people's encounters

with supernatural beings.

There have been people camping out who have heard footsteps and crowds of

people gathering around their tent.

There have been oil workers who've seen tracks.

in the deserts that have disappeared the next day. All sorts of strange things

happen that can't be explained.

I've not had any experience myself, but friends of mine, for example, have

expressed that lights go on and off, that they hear voices at a certain time,

particularly at night, and other phenomena like this.

Perhaps as listeners to these stories, they might seem a little bit far

-fetched. But when you're actually experiencing them, they can obviously

feel very real and very scary.

The only people that really occupy this area is the Bedouin. And they see

the Empty Quarter as a spirit in its own right. They believe it has supernatural

entities.

Are the hands of the Empty Quarter inhabited by some kind of supernatural

presence?

And if so, exactly who or what are people encountering in the desert?

The answer may lie in the pages of the Koran, which describes a type of ghostly

beings known as jinn.

The Koran talks about the jinn as being created from fire without smoke.

They can assume different forms, they can take different shapes, and so...

You have places that are considered haunted by the jinn.

One of the names for a person that is considered insane in Arabic is Majnun.

This person is possessed by the jinn. So you have all sorts of stories of people

who encounter these beings that may well be jinn in the empty quarter.

From the mid-19th to the 20th century, tales of mystical jinn haunting the

empty quarter were introduced to the Western world in books by British

explorers like Bertram Thomas's Arabia Felix in 1932 and Wilfred

Thesiger's Arabian Sands in 1959.

Bertram Thomas and Wilfred Thesiger spent many years investigating

the folklore and traditions of the Bedouin of the Empty Quarter.

The Bedouin would be...

highly respectful of locations where they felt that the jinn were located.

They would make offerings, they would appease them, they would know that this

was a place that was haunted by the jinn, and they would not go anywhere

near.

Let the juror describe in his book, Arabian Sands, where one of his

companions seems to be inhabited by a spirit, and is...

acting very oddly all the way through the night and goes through a process

that's almost like an exorcism. And the next day is returned to normal.

And Fissinger writes about it quite objectively almost, from a distance. But

for his companions, this seems relatively normal. It's very much part

of the life that he's observing.

The thought of jinn possessing people in the empty quarters is terrifying.

But in modern times, experts have theorized that these...

Strange experiences are caused not by supernatural beings, but rather

the desert itself.

A lot of the stories about djinns in the desert might have their origin in

natural phenomena.

You get phenomena called the singing sands, a sort of low-pitched...

groaning sound, coming from sound, moving on sound, creating a really

strange noise.

You also get mirages that are very unlike what you get in everyday

travelling. You get things that look like mountains, which are usually

reflections of really small boulders that have been reflected upwards, and in

fact is imaginary.

All of that taken together, that's almost certainly partly the source of

some of those stories.

A number of these incidents can be explained by extreme heat, dehydration,

feeling of disorientation that the desert produces across the empty

quarter. But nevertheless, these can be very powerful experiences.

And for a lot of people, it's something much more complex than that.

I believe that the empty quarter is alive because the Bedouin people tell us

so. And they've been there for thousands of years.

They've seen it in every aspect.

They know every part of it. So if they tell us that jinn exist, we should

adhere to their words.

Whether the strange experiences that take place in the empty quarter are the

result of supernatural entities or natural phenomena remains a fascinating

mystery.

But another intriguing enigma lies in an ancient tomb.

buried in the sands of northern Africa, which some believe was the final resting

place of ancient Egypt's most controversial pharaoh.

The Valley of the Kings, southern Egypt.

From the 16th to the 11th century BC, ancient Egyptians laid their great

pharaohs to rest in this royal cemetery, including...

the extraordinary burial of King Tutankhamun.

But in 1907, British archaeologist Edward Ayrton discovered one very

mysterious tomb among the rest, and whoever is buried here has been shrouded

in mystery for well over a century.

It is a small, roughly cut tomb with a single, roughly

square burial chamber.

The problem is that items such as the coffin and a gilded wooden shrine that

would go around the sarcophagus and the body have been deliberately damaged and

at a certain point the names removed.

The single most glaring instance of this is that down a short inscription along

the front of the coffin there is a section missing. We just see the bare

wood.

This almost certainly was the name of a king or another member of the royal

family that had been deliberately removed at some point.

After opening the coffin on which the royal name was surprisingly stripped

away, Edward Ayrton and his team exhumed the mummified body inside and discovered

something even more shocking.

The right side of its skull appeared to have been severely damaged.

It's hard to tell if this was a victim of murder.

But what we can see is the tomb doesn't seem to have had the same care as you'd

expect from a tomb in the Valley of the Kings. The conclusion we can draw from

that is that this person was not well loved and that he was supposed to be

erased from the collective memory.

Why did the ancient Egyptians abandon centuries of sacred tradition and ravage

a royal burial chamber?

And who was the nameless occupant laid to rest in this...

Bizarre tomb.

It's such a profound mystery that unlike other tombs dedicated to identifiable

pharaohs, archaeologists can only refer to this site by its catalogue number,

KV55.

Tomb KV55 is a real anomaly, and that is because in most other Egyptian burials,

you would have the tomb, the coffin, and the body.

The name on the coffin is the name of the body.

So you have a coherent story told to us by this evidence, in whom KV55, the

challenge for archaeologists is to try and find out and untangle these pieces

of evidence to answer the question, who is buried in KV55?

What's interesting is that around the burial are four what they refer to as

magic bricks.

Now these are supposedly to protect the person that's interred within the

coffin. And when they were able to read the hieroglyphs on these bricks, it gave

the throne name of the pharaoh Akhenaten.

Akhenaten was a pharaoh during the 18th dynasty of Egyptian history in the New

Kingdom. He was extremely important because one of the most radical things

in Egyptian history happened under his rule.

What Akhenaten did was essentially take the pantheon of Egyptian gods and he

shifted it towards a religion in which the Aten, the Sundis, was the sole god

of ancient Egypt.

This was absolutely radical and unheard of in Egyptian society until this point.

We also know that a very important part of Akhenaten's story is that he was

deliberately forgotten.

very shortly after his lifetime.

Just as Akhenaten himself defaced monuments devoted to the worship of

these old gods which he wanted to get rid of, following his own death and the

end of his lifetime, his own name was erased.

His temples were dismantled in such a way that his image would be invisible.

For a civilization that is so concerned with immortality, that is so concerned

with building shrines to these really important beings, to erase them, to

destroy them, to alter them in any way, tells you there's a huge turning point

there about who this person was.

But then we also know that the son of Akhenaten is Tutankhamen.

Tutankhamen goes back to the old Egyptian religions, defacing the kinds

of things that his father has done.

Does the fact that Akhenaten was erased from history by the ancient Egyptians,

and even rejected by his own son, Tutankhamen, suggest that the damaged

mummy found in tomb KV35 is, in fact, Akhenaten himself?

In 2021, an Italian team reconstructed the face of the individual

from KV55.

And eventually, this impression revealed who could be inside.

The announcement was that this could be the face of Akhenaten.

But of course, whenever a face is reconstructed, there's always a certain

amount of bias.

So when we look upon that face, we can only but speculate.

Beyond that, it's all a mystery.

March 2013.

A team of researchers exploring the Sea of Galilee in northern Israel announced

an incredible discovery.

They have detected a large, cone-shaped structure.

Buried on the seafloor.

Israeli scientists discovered this massive mound of rocks underneath the

Sea of Galilee using sonar. They used scanning techniques and they found this

230 foot wide, 60,000 ton round pile of rocks.

Upon further investigation, a dive team confirmed that this was not a natural

formation.

but a deliberate, man-made construction of layered basalt stones.

You have this massive stone structure. It's about 30 feet below the Sea of

Galilee. So it tells us that there's clearly some kind of man-made monument.

Something was important enough that people created this enormous mound.

This is a huge mystery.

Is this some kind of temple?

Is it some kind of burial mound?

We don't know what it's doing there or how it got there. But there it is, lying

beneath the Sea of Galilee.

How did such a massive megalith end up on the bottom of the Sea of Galilee,

where according to the Bible, Jesus walked on water?

Archaeologists found an extraordinary clue when they determined that this

mysterious ruin is more than 6,000 years old, which means that it dates back

to long before the time of Jesus Christ.

It's such an extraordinary story. This huge mound of stones found underneath

the Sea of Galilee, probably placed there when it was on land, and then the

sea simply moved over it.

And it says a few things to us.

One of them is the stories from the Bible. We think that's as far back as

you go.

And what we find out in the Holy Land, history goes back much farther than we

realize. There's stuff still to find.

What's interesting is that there must have been one hell of a sophisticated

society behind this.

And if that's the case, then who created it? Who made this?

Before it was quite clearly drowned beneath the waters by some kind of

tectonic... activity that actually shifted the whole land that we still

don't understand.

But now the massive structure beneath the Sea of Galilee remains an enigma.

But what's undeniable is that the Near East and North Africa are home to

countless buried pieces of human history that we have only begun to uncover.

This area of the world is really interesting because

So much of what we have now in terms of our modern civilizations, the groundwork

of that was laid all these years ago in these places.

Despite the fact that the sand dunes and the heat that make it very, very

difficult to work in, there's so much there still to discover, particularly

because we find out so much about who we are now from these investigations.

These are the oldest civilizations.

on Earth that have been buried, that have been lost to time. And we are only

now beginning to rediscover these ancient worlds.

And yet there are so many mysteries that we still have not answered.

And the only solution is we have to keep digging.

Could the mysterious monument beneath the Sea of Galilee be the last trace of

a forgotten culture?

It's a stunning reminder that In these cradles of civilization, some of

humanity's oldest mysteries may still be buried beneath sand, stone, and water.

And while we continue to unearth lost tombs, temples, and ancient cities,

it will take many lifetimes for the deserts of Mesopotamia and Egypt to

reveal their secrets that for now remain unexplained.