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Welcome to a magical continent
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where nature has created a world
of surprises.
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Who'd have guessed, here in Africa,
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right on the equator
a mountain topped with ice and snow?
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At three miles high, the climate
on Mount Kenya is extreme.
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Each night temperatures
plunge below freezing.
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It's winter.
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Each dawn as the sun
revives the land,
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it's summer,
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and the frozen waters wake.
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These bubbling streams
are beginning a great journey.
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Let's join them on an adventure
through epic landscapes
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and to distant seas to discover how
water shapes life across Africa.
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As the rivers carve
through the landscape, they grow,
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fed by new streams
and fresh rainfall.
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Nowhere does it rain more
than the tropical rain forest.
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The wettest place in Africa.
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Here, water soaks the land
and moisture saturates the air.
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All year round,
this water nourishes life.
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From the cloud-covered canopy,
to the jungle floor.
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With so much sun and rain,
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the forest grows relentlessly.
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Supporting an incredible
variety of life.
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Look closely, and you'll find more
species of animal and plant here
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than any other place in Africa.
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Many creatures here seem strange,
but one feels strangely familiar.
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A mountain gorilla,
one of our closest relatives.
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This family are part of
the last 900 on earth,
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they're led by a large
silverback male
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who looks out for everyone.
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In this humid, tropical world,
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all the food they need
grows in easy reach.
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For young gorillas,
it is not lunch time,
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it's play time.
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That's how they learn about
the forest and make friends for life.
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A busy morning ends with a nap.
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It seems an idyllic place to grow up.
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But on the gorilla's doorstep,
the restless earth often rumbles.
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In East Africa,
all along the Great Rift Valley,
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the land is tearing itself apart.
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As water floods the volcanic valleys,
vast lakes are born.
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This is Lake Bogoria in Kenya.
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When conditions are just right,
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special visitors drop in.
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Flamingos gathering for a feast.
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When the water level
and chemistry are perfect,
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billions of microscopic algae bloom.
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Inside these curious shaped beaks
are thousands of filters.
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The flamingos stir up the water
and then sieve out the algae.
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Red pigment in their food
turns them pink
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and blushing pink arouses passion.
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Now, love is in the air.
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To find a perfect partner,
the flamingos dance.
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Courting is all about
finding that special one.
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Once they've found a mate,
it's for life,
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which can be 40 years.
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Romancing done, they fly off together
in search of a safe place to nest.
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Much of Africa is highly seasonal.
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Now, the dry season is approaching
and rivers are running low.
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The dwindling waters mean
drinking spots are becoming rare.
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In the Serengeti, wildebeests are on
an epic migration
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in search of fresh grass.
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They also need to drink.
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But who knows what's
lurking in these shrinking pools.
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The crocodile sees what may be
their only chance to eat this year.
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The attack hardly
hurts wildebeest numbers.
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More than a million of them
are on the move.
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But now dry season bites even harder.
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Rivers run dry.
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Drought is a big problem
for the largest
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and thirstiest of all land animals.
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An elephant needs to drink up to
50 gallons a day
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and may have to walk
30 miles a day to find it.
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It's grueling, especially when your
legs are short and the journey long.
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An older female, the matriarch,
leads the herd on a search for water.
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She has a remarkable memory,
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and takes routes she learned long ago
from her own mother.
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She leads them to muddy water.
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The water's too dirty to drink.
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But it has other uses.
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This silty coating
protects them from the sun.
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With sunscreen generously applied,
the family must trek on.
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At the peak of the drought,
drinking water is just a memory.
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The elephants travel into the night,
taking advantage of the cooler air.
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But it's a risky strategy.
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The dark favors hunters.
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To remain safe,
the youngsters must stay close.
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Any that stray, are vulnerable.
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The matriarch rallies
her anxious family.
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Water is still the priority.
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The female leads the herd
to a place she remembers.
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A special place where underground
water seeps to the surface.
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The elephants reach it
by digging wells,
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something they've been doing
for generations.
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Some of the holes are deep
so a longer trunk would be helpful.
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At the height of the dry season,
the seeps become overcrowded.
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There's not enough water for all.
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So with the herd still thirsty,
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the matriarch must encourage them on,
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although some
had quite enough walking.
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For over half of Africa,
the dry season is almost permanent.
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This is the Namib Desert.
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In the local language, Namib means
place where there is nothing.
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That's not entirely true.
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When there's no water to drink,
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all your fluid
must come from your food.
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The Namaqua chameleon targets
anything that catches his eye.
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For the desert viper,
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finding a meal begins by sidewinding
to a suitable spot.
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Out of the sun and out of sight,
it waits patiently for prey to past.
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As the day heats up,
only the toughest are out hunting.
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On the scorching sands,
this shovel-snouted lizard
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has a neat way
to avoid frying in this heat.
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All that fancy footwork
has made him hungry.
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But is this tasty grub what it seems?
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It's taken ages for the creatures
of the Namib
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to evolve their
special survival skills.
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It's the world's oldest desert...
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but right beside these dunes...
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is water.
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Oceans of it.
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Africa is surrounded by the sea.
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It's a giant island continent.
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Africa's rivers,
end their journey in the sea,
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but that's not the
end of water's story.
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With limitless water,
life flourishes.
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Most vibrant of all,
is the Red Sea...
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where the crystal clear water
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allows strong tropical sunlight
to penetrate...
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creating coral reefs.
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A quarter of all species
in the sea live on coral reefs.
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They're bursting with life.
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The oceans surrounding Africa
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are also part of
a vital life-giving cycle
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that brings hope to the land.
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The sun evaporates the sea water.
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The vapor forms clouds.
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Each day across the planet,
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over 250 trillion gallons of water
enter the atmosphere this way.
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At certain times of year,
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monsoon winds blow the clouds inland
toward the sunbaked savannas.
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The rainy season has arrived.
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Replenished by the rains,
raging rivers are reborn.
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Victoria Falls, Africa's largest,
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is now truly the smoke that thunders.
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The abundance of water triggers
a spectacular transformation.
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For thirsty elephants,
the search is over.
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There's so much water.
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It's hard to know
whether to drink or swim.
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For another year, the rains
have brought life-giving water
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and with them,
joy and rejuvenation to wild Africa.
12830
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