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Welcome to a magical continent

where nature has created a world of surprises.

Who'd have guessed, here in Africa,

right on the equator a mountain topped with ice and snow?

At three miles high, the climate on Mount Kenya is extreme.

Each night temperatures plunge below freezing.

It's winter.

Each dawn as the sun revives the land,

it's summer,

and the frozen waters wake.

These bubbling streams are beginning a great journey.

Let's join them on an adventure through epic landscapes

and to distant seas to discover how water shapes life across Africa.

As the rivers carve through the landscape, they grow,

fed by new streams and fresh rainfall.

Nowhere does it rain more than the tropical rain forest.

The wettest place in Africa.

Here, water soaks the land and moisture saturates the air.

All year round, this water nourishes life.

From the cloud-covered canopy, to the jungle floor.

With so much sun and rain,

the forest grows relentlessly.

Supporting an incredible variety of life.

Look closely, and you'll find more species of animal and plant here

than any other place in Africa.

Many creatures here seem strange, but one feels strangely familiar.

A mountain gorilla, one of our closest relatives.

This family are part of the last 900 on earth,

they're led by a large silverback male

who looks out for everyone.

In this humid, tropical world,

all the food they need grows in easy reach.

For young gorillas, it is not lunch time,

it's play time.

That's how they learn about the forest and make friends for life.

A busy morning ends with a nap.

It seems an idyllic place to grow up.

But on the gorilla's doorstep, the restless earth often rumbles.

In East Africa, all along the Great Rift Valley,

the land is tearing itself apart.

As water floods the volcanic valleys, vast lakes are born.

This is Lake Bogoria in Kenya.

When conditions are just right,

special visitors drop in.

Flamingos gathering for a feast.

When the water level and chemistry are perfect,

billions of microscopic algae bloom.

Inside these curious shaped beaks are thousands of filters.

The flamingos stir up the water and then sieve out the algae.

Red pigment in their food turns them pink

and blushing pink arouses passion.

Now, love is in the air.

To find a perfect partner, the flamingos dance.

Courting is all about finding that special one.

Once they've found a mate, it's for life,

which can be 40 years.

Romancing done, they fly off together in search of a safe place to nest.

Much of Africa is highly seasonal.

Now, the dry season is approaching and rivers are running low.

The dwindling waters mean drinking spots are becoming rare.

In the Serengeti, wildebeests are on an epic migration

in search of fresh grass.

They also need to drink.

But who knows what's lurking in these shrinking pools.

The crocodile sees what may be their only chance to eat this year.

The attack hardly hurts wildebeest numbers.

More than a million of them are on the move.

But now dry season bites even harder.

Rivers run dry.

Drought is a big problem for the largest

and thirstiest of all land animals.

An elephant needs to drink up to 50 gallons a day

and may have to walk 30 miles a day to find it.

It's grueling, especially when your legs are short and the journey long.

An older female, the matriarch, leads the herd on a search for water.

She has a remarkable memory,

and takes routes she learned long ago from her own mother.

She leads them to muddy water.

The water's too dirty to drink.

But it has other uses.

This silty coating protects them from the sun.

With sunscreen generously applied, the family must trek on.

At the peak of the drought, drinking water is just a memory.

The elephants travel into the night, taking advantage of the cooler air.

But it's a risky strategy.

The dark favors hunters.

To remain safe, the youngsters must stay close.

Any that stray, are vulnerable.

The matriarch rallies her anxious family.

Water is still the priority.

The female leads the herd to a place she remembers.

A special place where underground water seeps to the surface.

The elephants reach it by digging wells,

something they've been doing for generations.

Some of the holes are deep so a longer trunk would be helpful.

At the height of the dry season, the seeps become overcrowded.

There's not enough water for all.

So with the herd still thirsty,

the matriarch must encourage them on,

although some had quite enough walking.

For over half of Africa, the dry season is almost permanent.

This is the Namib Desert.

In the local language, Namib means place where there is nothing.

That's not entirely true.

When there's no water to drink,

all your fluid must come from your food.

The Namaqua chameleon targets anything that catches his eye.

For the desert viper,

finding a meal begins by sidewinding to a suitable spot.

Out of the sun and out of sight, it waits patiently for prey to past.

As the day heats up, only the toughest are out hunting.

On the scorching sands, this shovel-snouted lizard

has a neat way to avoid frying in this heat.

All that fancy footwork has made him hungry.

But is this tasty grub what it seems?

It's taken ages for the creatures of the Namib

to evolve their special survival skills.

It's the world's oldest desert...

but right beside these dunes...

is water.

Oceans of it.

Africa is surrounded by the sea.

It's a giant island continent.

Africa's rivers, end their journey in the sea,

but that's not the end of water's story.

With limitless water, life flourishes.

Most vibrant of all, is the Red Sea...

where the crystal clear water

allows strong tropical sunlight to penetrate...

creating coral reefs.

A quarter of all species in the sea live on coral reefs.

They're bursting with life.

The oceans surrounding Africa

are also part of a vital life-giving cycle

that brings hope to the land.

The sun evaporates the sea water.

The vapor forms clouds.

Each day across the planet,

over 250 trillion gallons of water enter the atmosphere this way.

At certain times of year,

monsoon winds blow the clouds inland toward the sunbaked savannas.

The rainy season has arrived.

Replenished by the rains, raging rivers are reborn.

Victoria Falls, Africa's largest,

is now truly the smoke that thunders.

The abundance of water triggers a spectacular transformation.

For thirsty elephants, the search is over.

There's so much water.

It's hard to know whether to drink or swim.

For another year, the rains have brought life-giving water

and with them, joy and rejuvenation to wild Africa.