All language subtitles for The.Animals.Film.1981.Uncut.DVDRip.XviD-T3

([music] "Mind" by Talking Heads)

[Music] Time won't change you

[music] Money won't change you

[music] I haven't got the faintest idea

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up in the air at this point

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[music] I need something
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[music] Drugs won't change you

[music] Religion won't change you

[music] What's the matter with you?

[Music] I haven't got the faintest idea

[music] Everything seems to be
up in the air at this time

[music] I need something
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[music] Mind

[music] I need something
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[music] Mind

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[music] Mind

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[music] Mind

[music] Science won't change you

[music] Looks like I can't change you

[music] I try to talk to you,
to make things clear

[music] But you're not even

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[music] Mind

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[music] Mind

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(narrator) The dark world of human
relationships to animals is absent here.

Here, in these children's paintings,

animals are wondrous creatures,

living out their own lives
free and unmolested...

in companionship with people
and in the wild.

Absent - the view of animals as
property and objects of amusement.

Absent here - the uses of animals
for human needs and pleasures.

And here, animals are not
some lesser form of human beings

whose suffering matters little.

We fill our children's world
with animal playthings.

Do you wanna look at the animals
for a minute?

Before we go upstairs
we have 20 minutes to kill.

(narrator) Safe, sanitary toys...

crowding out reality.

They're good pets.

(narrator) The ones we know and love,

casualties of an urban society
that administers social problems

but is unable to cure them.

Pets - pleasing gifts one day,
expensive luxuries the next.

In New York, the American Society for
the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals

takes into its shelters some 60,000
abandoned pets each year.

In England, the RSPCA

receives some 200,000
unwanted dogs and cats each year.

Governments prefer it this way.

Charity employees, lowly paid
and overwhelmed by the numbers,

do the dirty work.

(interviewer) Do you think there are
enough good homes for animals

where they don't end up
strays or abused?

- Not really. Not really.
- They're selling too many animals?

The pet shop is in business
for one thing - to make money.

Come here, Jason.
Come here, Jason.

Stop.

Stop, Jason.

Goddamn!

- That way, come on.
- (man) Come on up.

Watch out for stairs.

(whistles)

Come on, come on, come on.
Let's goddamn move.

- He's going up, yo.
- Spook him! Spook him! Come on!

- Ya! Ya!
- Come on.

Goddamn.

Come on.
Come on.

(whistles)

- You got him on a leash, right?
- But I only have one leash. That's why.

(narrator) His other dog is in the truck.
It'll cost him to collect it at the shelter.

After two days in the shelter,
it will be put up for adoption.

And usually, not having been adopted
after a couple of days, it will be killed.

In Britain, the practice
of dog catching doesn't exist.

The RSPCA sees no purpose in it.

(man) Come on, Hooky.

A day like today, nobody wants to walk
them, so they let them walk themselves.

When they're walking,
this is when we get them.

(narrator) The animal shelters serve as
a dumping ground for unwanted pets.

The organisations
formed to help animals

are compelled to waste resources
in collecting and destroying them.

Most of these animals
will never see new homes.

A vet, employed examining
the unwanted pets, notes their ailments.

These puppies have ear mites and
are judged not suitable for adoption.

Three simple measures could halt
the overpopulation of pets -

a ban on mass breeding
of pets for profits,

a ban on pet shops,

and mandatory low-cost
spaying and neutering.

A cheap spaying and neutering
programme in Los Angeles

reduced the city's death toll of animals
by 56,000 within a few years.

Killing methods vary internationally,

including poisoning, decompression
chambers, electrocution.

Many organisations supply former pets
to laboratories for experimentation,

but the ASPCA and the RSPCA do not.

Emaciated, but otherwise healthy,
the dog submits to the injection -

a massive overdose of barbiturates,

one of 33,000 such doses
administered annually by the ASPCA.

The RSPCA also uses
the injection method,

although some units
still use electrocution.

Corpses, sent to the renderer,
turned into animal fat,

used for bars of soap and glue.

One might imagine
that nations of pet lovers

could demand that this processing
of excess cats and dogs be stopped

and the alternatives substituted,

but this would clash with the interests of
the multibillion-dollar pet-food industry.

Genuine social responsibility
for pet keeping

means an upheaval
of great vested interests.

I love animals,
that's all I can say for myself.

- (interviewer) Do you buy animals?
- Of course. I buy for other people.

I tame it, I train it,
and I give it to my children.

What do you think about people
making money from selling animals?

What do I think of people doing it?
I don't like them.

- Isn't that what pet shops do?
- Well, they do.

That's why I don't like the pet shops.
I never did.

What do you think about
eating animals?

Eating? well, that we...
Look, don't we all eat?

- I don't.
- You're vegetarian, right?

Yeah.

I was brought up with meat
so it isn't my fault.

- Have you thought of changing?
- I do.

A lot of times I get fed up
eating meat, so I don't.

- But not permanently?
- No, cos you're brought up with that.

I have a daughter who's a vegetarian,
she won't eat any meat. It's OK with me.

I never... whatever you feel like doing,
you just do.

See, I was brought up
to eat chicken, meat, so...

It isn't that I go out of my way for it,
it's just it's a habit.

Habit forming, like everything else.

(man) This is a picture of one of
my best cows that my wife just painted.

She looks at cows
a little differently than I do, I guess.

This is a closed-circuit television

that we use for watching the cows
in the freestyle barn.

We use it mainly
for catching cows in heat.

And with the time-lapse recorder here,
we can watch 18 hours in 40 minutes.

Cows walking out on pasture
use up a lot of energy.

This way they don't.

I wish they could go outside,
but I don't know...

They're OK inside. I mean,
they get air and stuff so it's OK.

- (interviewer) They don't mind it?
- Sometimes. But they can run around.

- Can you ever see how they feel?
- When you let them loose, they run.

But some, their hooves are too long and
they can't walk well so we have to wait.

Other than that, they're OK.

(narrator) Masses of farm animals
in controlled environments,

automated feeding and waste removal -

this is the worldwide trend
in animal agriculture, factory farming.

One half of all dairy cows in the United
States are permanently confined.

It's not really cruel.

We probably keep better track
of the cows in a barn like this

than we would out on pasture, but...

I guess it's more with nature
to let them go out and graze.

(narrator) Udders are used intensively,
as if detached from the living creature,

as if part of the milk machine.

The infection of the udders
known as mastitis

is unavoidably aggravated
by factory farming.

Disinfectant applied liberally
to the udders remedies the situation,

according to this chemical company's
advertisement in a farming journal.

Human beings are the only animals
which drink milk beyond infancy

and drink the milk of other species.

Meanwhile, powdered milk

makes the only food veal calves
are given for their entire lives.

Separated from their mothers
within a couple of days after birth,

these calves spend their lives
in a windowless shed,

in darkness, except for feeding times,

tied in their crates
so they cannot even turn around.

The way I got started, I wanted to get out
of school administration.

So I went to my banker
and he suggested veal operation.

So I looked at it and I enjoyed it
very much. I liked what I saw.

Some feel that it's rather cruel to
the animals to keep them tied in there,

but I point out that they're in a controlled
environment. The weather is...

They never get real hot, or in
the wintertime it's never zero weather.

There's no fly problem and as a result
they got a pretty good life in there,

although they are chained.

(narrator) The slotted wood floors
simplify waste removal.

The extreme restrictions on movement,

the all-liquid, iron-deficient diet,
the low light levels, all serve one end -

to keep the calves' flesh
pale and tender.

In a word, anaemic.

The calves are penned so that they
could not lick the urine-soaked floor,

which they would do
to satisfy their craving for iron.

It's been a very profitable business.

We've really enjoyed every phase of it,
except the confining.

(interviewer) what do you mean,
"confining"?

Someone has to be here seven days
a week, two times a day for feeding.

And it has to be done on schedule.

If we're not on schedule, the calves will
not eat properly and don't gain as well.

And it makes stress in the animal,

and when you get stress,
you get into red-meat problems.

(narrator) Diseases such as pneumonia
and acute diarrhoea are prevalent,

and commonly wipe out
10% of calves raised in such conditions.

The purpose is to make the meat
real light-coloured and pink,

and as a result it's a much more
delicacy-type veal.

And special milk-fed
makes it strictly a delicacy,

and it's used mainly
in restaurants, hotels.

(narrator) This life for 100 days,
then slaughter.

In Britain, anaesthetics must be used.

But in America, routine mutilations such
as branding, castration and dehorning

are carried out with no anaesthesia.

In the United States,

most beef calves are allowed
to graze for only a few months

before they are rounded up
and trucked long distances to feed lots.

Penned in, the steers live out
the last few months of their lives

being fattened on high-energy grains.

As many steers as the population of
a medium-sized city live in this feed lot.

Similar enterprises are owned by
giant oil and insurance companies.

There are now one half as many farms
in America as there were 50 years ago.

The family cattle ranch is rapidly
becoming a relic of the past.

With these new methods of beef
production has arrived a new disease -

cattle-shipping fever.

This is the single biggest killer
of American cattle

and is caused by trucking calves
many hundreds of miles

without adequate ventilation,
without food, water or rest,

to the feed lots.

Antibiotic feed additives are used
to lessen the mortality rate.

Growth-promoting chemicals
are also routinely mixed in feed.

Upjohn agricultural sales?
$295 million annually.

The beef producers' view of steers

as food machines
rather than living creatures

yields some amazing ways
of economising on fuel costs.

Cement dust mixed with grains
accelerates weight gain,

lowers costs and increases profits.

And even cattle's own excrement can
be processed and mixed into their feed.

Both these dietary innovations
were developed

by the United States
Department of Agriculture.

Meat is regarded
as the only good solid food,

yet meat eating is not universal
to all cultures,

nor is it the most nutritious diet.

20 pounds of plant protein fed to cattle

yields only one pound
of animal protein fed to people.

The amount of food which could
be freed for human consumption

were beef eating abandoned
could help end world starvation.

To me, it was all-inclusive.

It was Irish to the Irish,
it sounded Scotch to the Scotch.

It was a typical English-American word.

It flowed. "McDonald's."

It was easy for the kids to say
and remember. And...

I liked the sound of it.
It sounded wholesome,

and it sounded genuine, you know?

I don't like these
gimmick-type names, you know?

Uh...

"Burger this, burger that",
and all that kind of stuff.

McDonald's -
it's got a nice-sounding name.

It sounds like Tiffany's,

and I think we are the Tiffany's
of the hamburger business.

(narrator) The average American

eats almost twice the protein
his body can use.

American livestock
are fed as much grain

as all the people of India and China
eat in a year.

Meat eating is successfully promoted
as an emblem of affluence.

In the Third world, more and more
intensive poultry units are being built.

Yeah, chicken.
How about that?

(narrator) Hatcheries specialise
in one strain of bird

for either egg laying
or meat production.

The strains for egg laying
aren't good enough for meat,

thus the males
of the layer strain are dumped.

Small or injured birds
are selected for the same fate -

slow suffocation,

or the quicker way...

to be ground up into animal feed.

Separation of parent and offspring
is always the first step

in intensive animal agriculture.

A mother hen would have helped it out.

Modern poultry production

is not designed for
the needs of individual birds.

When thousands of birds
are crowded indoors,

the weak cannot escape the dominant.

In frustrating conditions,
the birds peck each other bloody.

To prevent loss of carcass value,
poultry are subdued in darkness

and their beaks are cut off.

Debeaking. "lt's like cutting toenails, "
a poultry producer remarked.

Yet the shock is great enough to kill
and it often does.

Mutilations such as debeaking

are factory farming's solutions to the
problems this system itself generates.

Disinfected sheds without windows
to guard against disease.

Temperature, air flow, lighting -
all automatically controlled.

Not yet automated
is the daily collection of the dead.

Bred indoors,
poultry have little disease resistance.

The remedy? Spray vaccines -
antibiotics mixed in food.

Chickens were the first animals
confined indoors,

in disused army buildings
after World War II,

and the complete manipulation of
their life cycles which has developed,

stands as the model for the exploitation
of all other farm animals.

90% of all poultry
in industrialised countries

live in these conditions of confinement,

in extremes of crowding
24 hours a day, day after day,

for their entire lives.

Four or five months of this life
and they are sent to slaughter.

The natural life span of turkeys
is seven to twelve years.

Egg-laying chickens in cages -

the ultimate factory farm.

Automatic feeding, watering,
waste and egg removal.

One man can tend up to 50,000 birds,

just a few hours' work a day.

30,000 units such as this
produce 95% of Britain's eggs.

In the United States, 250 million birds
are living in cages for egg laying.

Worldwide,
the numbers reach into the billions.

Powerless to help themselves
if the automatic system malfunctions,

the birds are entirely
at the mercy of technology.

A hen's egg production
declines after a year or so,

when they are sent to slaughter
and used for soups and pet food.

You can gain a faster buck,
but you can lose the bucks faster, too.

You get a chicken disease in there,
it can wipe you out overnight.

(narrator) The deep pit
waste-removal system

accumulates the chickens' excrement
underneath the cages.

Those birds that have been allowed
somehow to fall through

will eventually starve to death
in their own wastes,

to be tractored out
at the end of the cycle.

I was never particularly
emotionally committed to animals,

I didn't have pets or things like that,

but when I was a philosophy student
at the University of Oxford,

I was interested in philosophical
problems about human rights and so on,

and I got to meet some people who
were vegetarians for ethical reasons.

Naturally, when you have friends
and you find they don't eat what you eat,

you ask them
why they're being so fussy.

And they started to tell me,

and the more they told me, the more
it seemed there was a problem.

If we believed in equality
or rights for human beings,

then there was no good
philosophical reason

why we could say that they stopped
just at the end of our species

and don't extend
to other animals as well.

Since they can feel pain,
they can suffer just as we can.

(narrator) Of all farm animals, the most
feeling, intelligent creatures are pigs,

naturally exploring and playful.

In this modern hog farm,
the sows are tied to the floor.

The boar takes them at will.

"It's the rape rack, "
joked the pig farmer.

Continuously reimpregnated sows
are completely immobilised for weeks

before, during and after birth.

The piglets are born onto
metal gratings and concrete.

Crowded sows tend to fall
and crush their young.

The pork producer does not consider
giving these sows more space.

A more economical solution
is to give them no space at all.

The farrowing stall is a cage
slightly larger than a sow's body.

The farrowing stall provides the remedy

to another one of factory farming's
self-generated problems.

95 million pigs are slaughtered
in the USA each year.

Half are raised on factory farms.

Slotted floors allow excrement and urine
to fall through to underground canals,

which lead into slurry lagoons.

10,000 pigs confined in two buildings

presents an intensive
waste-disposal problem.

Lakes of excrement
ferment for months in the open air,

an ecologically hazardous system.

Trade magazines persuade the farmer
to keep up with the trends.

These publications are supported
by big corporate advertising.

They promote capital-intensive,
technology-intensive farming,

and, of course,
this benefits their corporate advertisers.

The worldwide trend
to intensification of animal agriculture

is also advanced by research projects
funded by tax moneys.

Whether it's a centre
in Cambridge, England,

in Missouri, USA,

or here at the Agricultural Research
Institute in Ottawa, Canada,

research pursues
the application of technology

to further develop
the profitability of the animal machine.

Here, the next candidate
for factory farming is being prepared.

Lambs may soon be living
on metal gratings,

suckling on rubber teats.

A fistulated goat,
used for the study of digestion.

Its digestive fluids are pumped from the
fistula, the permanent hole in its side,

once a week, every week,
for its entire life for five or six years.

The director of this institute,
Dr Gowe, has stated:

"We are trying to breed
animals without legs

and chickens without feathers."

No need for cowboys.

A new way of making
seed bulls exercise

without having to round them up
or herd them outdoors.

Bulls used for artificial insemination
are to be kept chained all their lives,

except for the once-a-week occasion
when they are allowed a 20-minute run.

During transport of farm animals,

a number die or are injured

from the shocks of
a completely disorientating process.

Chickens are dragged
from their cages in darkness

and hurled into bright sunlight.

What do I think of nonhuman animals?

I haven't given them a lot of thought.

Terrible.

(narrator) Pigs are driven
into the trucks with electric prods.

I use this bat here for loading up boars.

If you get two boars fighting, they can
cut themselves up pretty good.

I go through and I bust their noses.

After you bust their nose it gives
them something else to think about

and then it's easier
to load them that way.

- I love them.
- (interviewer) Do you eat them?

- No.
- You're vegetarian?

- Yeah.
- How long have you been vegetarian?

About six, seven years.

I think it's wrong to kill an animal,
because we are two-legged animals

but we could've very well been
four-legged animals, too.

(narrator) In loading cattle, the same
is true as for all farm animals -

speed is what counts.

- I like animals.
- (interviewer) Do you eat animals?

- Yeah.
- Is that OK?

- Yeah.
- You like animals, but you eat them?

- Uh-huh.
- No contradiction there?

Logically, there is.

(narrator) The slaughter of poultry
at its most modern and humane.

Birds are electrically stunned
before killing.

If I see them get killed, I wouldn't eat it,
but if I don't see it, I wouldn't mind.

(narrator) In the course of one year,
American slaughterhouses process

over three billion chickens,
turkeys and ducks.

Do I eat animals?
Yes, I do. I'm a meat packer.

- (interviewer) You're a meat packer?
- Yeah.

How do you feel about that?

Um...

I... I never thought about it.

Well, now that you're thinking about it?

- About eating an animal?
- Yeah.

Well, I wouldn't eat a dog or a cat.

Well, why not?

I don't know.
They don't seem too tasty.

Because they can't talk, they think it's
right because they're four-legged beasts.

"Let's take them and do
anything to them." But they got feelings.

(narrator) Electricity knocks them
unconscious before they are killed.

The modern, humane
slaughtering of pigs.

- Pork.
- Steak, liver, chicken.

- (interviewer) Is that OK?
- Yeah.

- It's OK. It's good.
- You like them, but you eat them?

(narrator) Every day
in the United States,

360,000 pigs are slaughtered.

Providing the slaughterer
accurately aims,

the captive bolt pistol knocks the cattle
unconscious before they are killed.

Yes, unfortunately, I eat animals.

I once thought that if
I really only ate what I could kill,

I would stick to fish and chicken,
but I eat other animals also.

(interviewer) why do you say
"unfortunately"?

Because I'd like to live
by my principles, but I don't.

It's the only way I can survive.
How else can you survive?

No, I just don't eat no meat, period.
It's no good for your digestive system.

(narrator) American cattle
are slaughtered

at a rate of 100,000 a day.

This huge process -
the transformation of animals into food.

(man) In McDonaldland,
there's a hamburger patch.

The story opens with Ronald harvesting
hamburgers from the hamburger patch.

We feel that the children have a great
deal of influence on their parents

about where to go to eat.

That's particularly true in America.

We're probably one of the largest
children's advertisers in the US.

We spend the most money
on children's television.

(man #2) Don't underrate the strength
of the vested interests of various kinds.

Agricultural, scientific,

particularly the chemical
and pharmaceutical industries,

and especially, of course,
factory farming.

All these are enormously strong
vested interests

With great amounts of capital
invested in them.

I better talk to the home secretary's
office in the light of that fact,

that I wasn't able to say just what
the society had or had not done.

The trouble with animal organisations
is that they're fragmented.

In many cases they're rivals,
in some cases they're overlapping.

The reason why
the animal-welfare movement

has failed to achieve
its purpose over the years

is because it hasn't understood politics,
it hasn't understood Parliament,

and it hasn't had the will
and the courage

to exert the maximum pressure
on the political position.

(narrator) Animal-welfare organisations
internationally are in crisis.

While traditionalists
cling to original concerns,

progressives are campaigning also
against the uses of animals

in factory farming
and laboratory research.

The oldest and wealthiest
animal-welfare charity, the RSPCA,

has been at the centre of the struggle,

with traditionalists
moving to oust the progressives.

We cannot approve of an action

which has lost the society
an exceptional opportunity

to influence changes in legislation.

This action has slighted
a Minister of the Crown.

"Compromise" -
a very interesting word.

Your council
does not believe in compromise.

We live compromise day to day.

This society must not compromise.

We have to stand up for the animals and
have to fight hard against the exploiters.

- We have to guard against infiltration.
- (applause)

If the RSPCA has been
so successful for the last 150 years,

how come we've got
400 million animals in this country

suffering in terms of our own policy?

We expel members from the council

from the society, not just the council,

for promoting what they think
is the right thing in animal welfare.

There is no motion to expel factory
farmers from the RSPCA, is there?

(narrator) Six months later, the RSPCA
Council meets behind closed doors

to consider the expulsion
of Richard Ryder,

leader of the RSPCA progressives.

However, traditionalists have a failure
of nerve and withdraw their motion.

(man) My major concern is the RSPCA
is not campaigning for animal welfare.

It's become a puppet of
Peter Walker's Ministry of Agriculture.

People that don't want radical progress
in terms of experiments on animals,

in factory farming, on blood sports
and other issues, grave issues,

the expulsion of Ryder is obviously
a ploy to diffuse the radical campaign.

We threaten their cosy little world
of coffee mornings.

They are concerned with cruelty

only in the way it affects uncontroversial
issues like dogs and cats,

which are very important,

but their biggest fear is...

that they don't want to upset the apple
cart, they don't want to offend people.

You cannot campaign against cruelty

without offending the people
that perpetuate the cruelty.

(narrator) "The Second Stage
of Cruelty" by Hogarth.

The beating of horses
in the streets of London

provoked the founding of the RSPCA.

Their intention was to prevent cruelty
to domesticated animals.

They could not anticipate the wholesale
exploitation which was to come.

Charity -
the institutionalisation of alms giving.

From its origins, charity has been
an alternative to social change.

Does alms giving to a beggar change
the society which creates poverty?

An organisation using direct action
to end hunting has emerged in Britain -

the Hunt Saboteurs Association.

More than 1,000 activists are regularly
out saving the fox, the hare, the deer

by sabotaging Britain's traditional hunts.

But the saboteurs
have their work cut out for them.

- Out of the way.
- Get off!

Will you get out the way?

(narrator) To this day, there are more
than 500 organised hunts in Britain

every week.

- (man) There you go.
- (man #2) There's a fox.

- That's not a rabbit.
- That's some rabbit!

(man) Let him go.
Let him go!

(interviewer) People feel it's cruel
to chase the deer across countryside,

scaring it with a pack of hounds,
when it could be shot and killed.

But doesn't every animal
chase each other?

Not with 50 men on horseback
and a pack of hounds.

Oh, I don't think they mind.

They're either killed or they're not.

(dogs bark)

(gunshot)

- (man) Come on.
- (man #2) Get it. Get it.

(woman) People who don't understand
might think that it is cruel.

What don't they understand?

I think people who don't understand
hunting think it's cruel, don't you think?

What is it that they misunderstand?
What should they understand?

Well, I suppose they don't like
seeing a deer hunted and killed.

(narrator) This is the tradition
which concludes the stag hunt -

a five-centuries old blood ritual

which still goes on every week
in modern Britain.

The most gallant rider
wins his trophy - the heart.

(man) Could you take that?
That bit's for you.

- (narrator) Others receive the hooves.
- (man) Lovely. Thank you very much.

(hunting horn)

(man on PA) white leads by a length,
but red's closing.

White still leads on the outside.
They've swung wide, these puppies.

White's fallen and red's getting in.
White leads by four points.

Three and a half. Two and a half points.
White leads, but red is rapidly closing.

Red's down to one and a half points.
One point now. Half.

It's getting desperately close. we're
waiting for the judge on this one.

(man) Quite a few
of the hares are killed.

It's not a form of control. It's purely to
test greyhounds one against the other.

It's probably the least defensible
blood sport of all.

Our intention today
Was to clear the area of hares

so that when they came along, there
wouldn't be anything for them to course.

The Hunt Saboteurs does attract people
who have a gut feeling about hunting.

They come in,
they're influenced by the movement,

and, as a consequence, do become
active in other spheres of animal rights.

Shooting and everything's cruel,
isn't it, really?

I love hunting, of course.
I've done it all my life.

It is an honour to introduce

the president of the first
American International Fur Fair,

Mr Kenny Wagner.

(applause)

Ladies and gentlemen,
the time is now.

(applause)

More than 2,000 people here
are to witness

that this fair is no longer a dream.

The drama of accomplishment and
the moment of fulfilment are upon us.

(shouted protests)

In the last 25 years,

our industry in the United States
has grown from a $212-million industry

to approximately $725 million.

And I firmly believe
that within the next five years

we will reach $1 billion.

The American fur retailer
and department-store operator

who had the courage to continue on
with furs during the dark period

are now being rewarded.

[Music] Sparkling diamonds catching the light

Shame! Shame! Shame!

[Music] Beautiful people

[music] Open your hearts

OK, enough.

(emcee) Ah, look at that girl.
She is beautiful!

What do you think, folks? Huh?

Yeah!

And now we have a threesome,
looking classy, I tell you.

Get the light on these furs.
I wanna see these furs.

(applause)

Ah, the audience
wants to see them, too.

It is deceptively simple. It's a hinged
ring of steel with a powerful spring.

When anything touches the plate, the
ring snaps shut with tremendous force.

(emcee) Yes! There they are, folks!

Where's my lady?
There she is.

And here she is all by herself
and looking gorgeous.

We're getting ready here now.

We are about to go here.

Count it with me.

Yes!

(all chant) Down with cash!
Don't buy furs!

Down with cash!
Don't buy furs!

Down with cash!
Don't buy furs!

Down with cash!
Don't buy furs!

(man) It's a Russian lynx
and a Russian crown sable.

- (man #2) How many pelts?
- 84, 85.

And then the Russian lynx,
there's 20, 22 skins.

You've got about $400,000
in those two coats.

That's a natural Alaska lynx.

It's another $100,000.

I love them.

I would take a dim view of purchasing
a fur coat if I gave it any thought.

I just eliminate it from my mind.

- I think that it's a shame, it's a pity.
- (interviewer) Then why wear it?

Because it's available to me.
I didn't do it personally.

Oh, that's a cat. And they are not
a... endangered species.

(interviewer) And don't they suffer?

Sure. But they have to die sometime.
They're from a farm.

- Don't we?
- They're not wild animals.

(newsreel) Good news to fanciers
of turtle steak and/or turtle soup

are these hard-shelled critters in from
hunting grounds off the Florida Keys.

They comprise one of the biggest
and the mouth-wateringest hauls

of the deep-sea denizens
ever to hit the dock.

Upside down and completely helpless,

they're lugged unceremoniously
off to the cannery.

At this point, it's just as well
a turtle only sticks his neck out once.

Still unaware of their fate,
they breathe easily

as a junior skipper almost turns turtle

trying to keep his balance
on a reptilian perch.

Mm! Seems he recognises a friend.

Well, he'll soon be in the soup himself.

(electronic beeping)

(clip voice-over) Research in
marine-mammal capabilities

is culminating in a unique approach
to underwater search and recovery.

A sea lion located and attached
recovery hardware to a fleet weapon.

The system has a demonstrated
recovery capability to 500 feet.

For depths greater than 500 feet,
there is the whale.

(narrator) Apart from human beings,

the whale has the most highly
developed brain of all living creatures.

Why is the circus popular?

Does our laughter
stem from a feeling of superiority

to the bear who has difficulty
dancing on a ball?

Our thrill from a feeling of domination

over the wild creature taught
to perform tricks for our amusement?

When the eyes staring back at us
from inside the cage

are flat and dead,

extinct,

who will retrieve for us
our lost companions?

Remaining wildlife habitats
provide scant refuge.

In America, game animals
are allowed some space to exist.

250 million are shot by American
sportsmen in an average year.

(gunshot)

It's more than a hundred years since
Darwin pointed out the biological kinship

between us
and the nonhuman animals.

And I feel, therefore,

it's only logical to say that there
should also be a moral kinship,

that we should all be in
the same moral category.

If we can all suffer, then we should
all be given similar respect.

We should be accorded similar rights

based upon our sentiency,
our capacity to suffer.

It's particularly, I think, discreditable that
scientists who, more than other people,

know and believe in the biological
brotherhood of all the animals

should so totally
exploit the other species

merely, it seems,
because they are of another species.

And I've coined this word "speciesism",

because I feel that our prejudice
against the other species

is irrational and small-minded
and selfish

in the same way that racism is,

in the same way,
if you like, that sexism is.

Speciesism is the greatest and cruellest
form of exploitation in the world today.

(squealing)

(man) Come on, rat.

- Just try again.
- OK.

Is he hurting somewhere?
Let's see...

(narrator) Dr Kenneth Casey at the
University of Michigan Medical School

is assisted by a student
in handling this rat.

The rat is being used
as part of research

into the memory process
of human beings.

- (Casey) How does that feel?
- (student) Not much.

(Casey) Not much.
He's not interested in it.

He's more interested
in getting out of this box.

No. There's no way
of studying the nervous system

Without having
a nervous system to study.

(interviewer) How about
clinically studying human beings?

No. You can't study the mechanisms.

Here we can record
directly from the brain.

We can implant electrodes, uh...

and make continued observations.

We can subsequently, uh,

sacrifice the animal by giving it
an overdose of anaesthetic,

and then remove the brain
and study the histology,

find out where our electrodes were,

and do that a number of times
with different animals.

(interviewer) Is the rat's brain
a good model for the human brain?

Not really. A rat brain is quite different.
But it is a mammalian brain.

It's a small, well-organised
mammalian brain,

which has many similarities
to the human brain.

([music] silent-movie piano)

(narrator) Rodents are the sacrificial
victims of modern biomedical science.

It is estimated over 300 million animals
die in laboratories worldwide each year.

The vast majority are rats and mice,
guinea pigs and rabbits.

There are a number of drugs
which were tested on animals

which have then proved to be most
dangerous when applied to humans.

And vice versa,

there have been drugs which,
if they had been tested upon animals,

on certain species, would have
been found to be dangerous,

might never have been released.

An example is penicillin, which is
extremely toxic to guinea pigs,

but fortunately Fleming and Florey
did not test it upon guinea pigs.

(narrator) At Upjohn Company,

they are persisting with attempts
to develop a new drug

to prevent stomach ulcers occurring.

The test group gets
the potential preventative agent.

In the process, one hundred or so rats
are given ulcers every day

by oral injection of pure alcohol
direct into the stomach.

(experimenter) The agent,
absolute alcohol, or ethanol.

(narrator) The control group
develops ulcers within a few hours.

They don't object
very strenuously for this.

It's just very easy.

(narrator) Both groups are then killed
with carbon dioxide.

Over ten years of research on ulcers
has been carried out in this lab.

At 25,000 rats a year,

more than 250,000 rats
have been used in this one project.

At the time of filming, there were
no breakthroughs to report.

Similar research is going on

in pharmaceutical companies
throughout the world.

Whichever company
patents a new drug first

stands to reap huge profits.

An Upjohn scientist estimated
that in the course of one year

Upjohn Company uses some
250,000 rats and 500,000 mice.

Rats are so easily come by.
They're cheap, they're easy to use.

It's easy to reproduce
experimental results.

I think a lot of researchers just think
of them as another experimental tool,

like instruments
or a piece of apparatus.

I work for a large international
pharmaceutical company.

I have a job as a scientific officer.

I wanted this interview
to be anonymous

because I feel almost instinctively
the repercussions would be serious.

From working with rats
in a lot of tests,

I've come to believe firmly that they're
extremely intelligent, aware animals

who enjoy human affection
when they're given it.

A large group of rats were subjected to
experiment with a particular chemical

whose effects on the nervous system
were very well known.

And I saw rats with spasms,

unable to walk, in semiparalysis,

obviously extremely distressed,
shaking, scratching their noses,

scraping their paws
to the extent to which they bled

in trying to relieve the irritation,
dying in agony,

and also being cannibalised
even when alive by their cage mates.

(interviewer) Do animals suffer
just being in a laboratory

without any experiments
being done on them?

Unquestionably.

When the animals are to be
put on an experiment,

their situation is made even worse

in that they're removed
from a kennel or a cage

where they live with other animals.

And particularly cats and dogs
become very distressed on their own,

because if they're laboratory-bred they
spend all their time with other animals,

and during the course of an experiment

they're usually kept on their own,
in isolation.

I believe that many of the experiments
carried out on animals are unnecessary.

They're often repetitive,

they're often due to the patenting
of drugs and other chemicals.

Companies keep the results
of their experiments secret,

whereas if the results were
compiled between organisations,

then some of the experiments
would be unnecessary.

I personally believe that a lot of
the drugs produced are unnecessary.

(interviewer) What if someone said:

"She doesn't know. She hasn't seen
enough. She just overemotional."?

I don't think
I am overemotional about it.

I haven't told you about
how very deeply I do feel about it.

I'm sure that any number of people

could, if they wanted to,
tell you the same things.

The incidents which I've described
aren't unusual or rare.

They're what happens every day
to millions of animals in this country

and every other country
where work like this is carried out.

The place I work for
has a particularly good reputation.

I'm sure much worse things
go on in other laboratories.

[Music] And I'll be screaming

[music] And I'll be crying...

- (narrator) LSD tests.
- [music] And I'll be crawling

[music] And I'll be dying

[music] And I'll be running

[music] And I'll be hiding

[music] You know I'll be dreaming

[music] And I'll be sliding

[music] I said oh

[music] Ah, ah

[music] Oh-oh

[music] That's right

[music] It's all right

[music] I'll be running

[music] I'll be hiding

[music] I'll be dreaming

[music] I'll be flying

[music] That's right

[music] That's right

[music] And I'll be hiding

[music] And I'll be crawling

[music] Whoa-oh, yeah

[music] whoa-oh

(narrator) Here, monkeys
are made into drug addicts.

Morphine addiction is the norm used

to evaluate the addictiveness
of new drugs

by researcher Dr James woods.

This research necessarily subjects
monkeys to withdrawal experiences.

Over $2 million of tax moneys have
been given to this one research project.

We try to have other scientists
here at the university

use the animals as much as they can.

We trade animals
to the extent that we can.

We use animals in many ways,
in many different experiments

to make the maximum use
of the animals that we can.

Uh, uh...

Our research is reviewed

by a committee of people
who are very concerned

about the ethical issues
associated with animal research -

a group of medical scientists
here at the university.

They're independent of us,

and they assess ethical considerations
involved with our research and OK it.

(voice echoes) "OK it... OK it... "

(narrator) what are the priorities
when very expensive research

is undertaken primarily
to perfect a laboratory technique

without application
to a specific medical problem?

In Holland, microsyringes
implanted in the monkeys' heads

release mind-changing drugs
direct into their brains

upon radio signals
from outside their cages.

Is artificial heart research, which
experts admit is an unpromising area,

of sufficient importance
to benefit societies

which as yet cannot or do not
provide basic healthcare?

80 to 90% of the experiments
licensed under our 1876 act

are not carried out under anaesthetic.

Now, in this country the controls are
far better than in most other countries.

But even so, severe pain is allowed
and is inflicted.

(narrator) Filmed clandestinely
in Canada,

these piglets' hind legs
have been intentionally paralysed.

Such footage is very difficult to obtain.

In Britain, public and press access
to animal laboratories

is effectively banned.

It's purely a function of my current and
the amount of current I put on, you see?

I can turn it on and leave it at
any level I want, either low or high...

and he will do
the same thing each time.

We have 60 electrodes implanted,

and we'll keep them in
anywhere up to four years.

If you had a stroke in which
you were paralysed in a limb

so that you could not
move it voluntarily,

we could theoretically stimulate
those parts of your brain,

as with the monkey, in the brainstem,
which are not damaged by a stroke,

producing movements
you would ordinarily do.

We could programme these movements
and give you a switch or buttons,

and as you push them, your arm would
reach out and get a piece of food

or write for you or whatever.

It's one thing to experiment on animals. I
don't want anyone experimenting on me.

But that's just the point, Fred.

Because they check this out first
on animals

they're pretty sure then
how it's going to work on people.

I'm sure this operation they've planned
for you is way past the guinea pig stage,

otherwise your doctor
wouldn't have ordered it.

And I'm also sure that a good many dogs
or some other animals

have had this operation
and are alive and kicking,

or you wouldn't get the new operation,
you'd get the old one.

And the way I see it, anything new
in medicine is usually a lot better,

otherwise it wouldn't
have been developed.

(Ryder) There is the psychological
vested interest of the person

who has a career
in animal experimentation.

His academic career may depend
upon him doing certain experiments,

getting his PhD and so on.

In laboratories, in zoos,
in school science fairs, in factory farms,

in all these and more,
animals are treated as things,

as if they had no value in themselves.

This treatment must be stopped,

not only because it is a good thing
for us to be kind to animals,

but because we owe it to them.

When rights are violated,
justice not kindness is at issue.

Their defenceless state, their inability
to speak out for their rights,

makes our duty to help them
all the greater.

Tomorrow they will suffer,
tomorrow they will be killed,

unless we act for them today,
and act we must.

Respect for justice
requires nothing less.

(narrator) An antivivisection poster
on a laboratory wall.

He's put that up there

to keep us in mind of
the ethical restraints that we have,

and also as a point of fact that we
poke fun at some of these organisations,

which do have a tendency
to exploit extreme facts

and blow them out of proportion,

so, um, as to perhaps stop research
and even limit it, you know.

A lot of it is malarkey,
it's not true.

(interviewer) what is
"Millennium Guild"?

That's an organisation
we don't know too much about,

but they want to stop some research,
pain research and stuff like that,

and things they think are extraneous
and not necessary researches.

And, basically, they're misinformed.

And they really don't know.

(narrator) Sleep and insomnia research.

This type of experiment is in
the category of painful procedures

allowed to be conducted
with no anaesthesia.

The cat's life processes
being monitored

would be distorted
by the use of anaesthetics.

ALAS, the Association of Laboratory
Animal Scientists' trade fair.

(woman) How many
do you have in mind?

In Washington, DC, designed to support
the rights of biomedical researchers

to use laboratory animals.

We are the vivisectionists
as opposed to the antivivisectionists.

We monitor state and
federal legislation and regulations

which might hinder animal research.

We provide testimony on Capitol Hill.

(narrator) Charles River Laboratories,
a company breeding lab animals,

sells some 14 million
laboratory animals a year.

Profits rise with the widening uses
of animals in research.

We're funded by medical schools,
veterinary medical schools,

allied trade, pharmaceuticals,
medical associations.

What? That?
I keep my money in there.

No. Those are mouse cages.

I haven't talked to the demonstrators.
I didn't come to talk to them.

I came to do business
with this organisation.

But, Doctor, look,
isn't there a less painful method?

As a veterinarian I can tell you, animals
get much better care in research

than they do as most people's pets.

That, my dear friend,
is how science operates.

Repetition, duplication.

But what good is that to mankind?

You have to have your
trust and faith in someone.

The same persons
that are in those facilities,

in many cases
may become your family physician.

Are you going to trust
the man that's your family physician?

Well, there's certain secrecy about
research in some areas, I presume,

for the same reason
there's a certain secrecy

among people who
produce automobiles...

or almost anything in a manufacturing
line in a capitalistic system.

(narrator) At the Upjohn Company,
this dog, its heart exposed,

was found and filmed with
apparently no staff in attendance.

At the Upjohn Company,
this dog, its heart exposed,

was found and filmed
with no staff in attendance.

While research remains
the domain of scientists alone,

unaccountable to outsiders,

it will be impossible to assess
how representative this incident is.

(man) Imagine yourself making
something and doing something

that you think is
very, very good for society,

and you're very proud of this work.

Now, wouldn't you want
to show society this work?

Wouldn't you want to tell society
about what you're doing

and make it very open to the public?

We have tried time and time again

to get animal researchers
to discuss with us in public

the merits of their research,

what kind of pain and suffering
they are causing the animals,

and comparing that to the social

and general welfare benefits
for human beings.

We have gotten nobody to do this,

and today's incident
was just very typical of this,

and very, very unfortunate.

That is, we tried to talk
With Dr Al Moreland,

Who is head of
the animal research facility here,

and he refused to talk to me

because I was not part of the elite,
because I was not a scientist.

So, somehow,
I'm not part of the in-group.

An outsider can see and feel things...

that the inside group might,

through habituation or consensus
or whatever, simply not be seeing.

The more they attempt to hide,

the more suspicious one gets
about what they're doing,

and the angrier I get.

(narrator) Monkeys raised
with surrogate mothers

develop rocking behaviour.

This is used as a model for
neurotic family relationships.

To produce psychotic behaviour,

other surrogate mothers
were rigged with spikes.

This experiment, filmed some ten years
ago, is still being elaborated upon.

Harlow, the inventor of it, has remarked:

"Most experiments are not worth doing

and the data obtained
not worth publishing."

(man) What's up?

What's up?
What's up, huh?

What's up? You got flies all over you.
You got flies all over you.

(narrator) Lake Village Commune,
Kalamazoo, Michigan,

home of Roger Ulrich,
behavioural psychologist.

Oh, you're a new one, huh?
You a new guy?

(narrator) In the '60s and early '70s,

Ulrich's US-military funded
research on aggression

involved freezing, burning,
starving and electroshocking

monkeys, rats and cats.

I didn't even recognise you.
You're one of the new ones, huh?

For goodness sakes.
Were you born this morning?

Like, two... Like, hours, hours.

Just born, just born.

OK. Hi, Mona.
So you finally had your baby, huh?

(narrator) While continuing on the
faculty of Western Michigan University,

his research activities
have since taken a new direction.

When I told my mother what I did
for my dissertation, which was...

She said, "What did you do?"

I said, "Well, I studied rats. I showed
that pain produced aggression."

She said, "Well, we know that."

She said, "Grandpa used to always say:

'Stay away from animals
When they're wounded.'"

OK. And I said,
"OK, that's a certain level of... "

And she was right.
We knew that.

But we didn't know the milliamperage
it took to make a rat, an albino rat, fight.

And that's where science goes. It
continues to explore some train like that.

(Ulrich on TV) These rats are in
an aversive environment because...

(narrator) Excerpts from a widely-used
film made by Ulrich seven years earlier

showing his research.

(Ulrich on TV) And if he
can't escape or avoid,

as you can see,
the result is aggression.

Monkeys have the same reaction
to pain. They fight, too.

Well, the question of the ethics
of doing this type of research,

putting an animal through pain,
was something that came up...

The day I walked into an animal lab and
the day I started doing animal research,

it was something that came up and it
walked with me every inch of my career

as a professional scientist.

I mean, that question came up
from groups of antivivisectionists,

it came up from myself, it came up
from friends of friends of mine.

It was always there.

And we had to deal with it,
and we dealt with it in terms of,

we put it on a scale and we felt that
what we were doing was legitimate

in terms of asking questions that...

we knew no other place to get the
answers from other than using animals.

(interviewer) No other place to get
the answers than animal subjects?

That's right.

Haven't there been
great thinkers in history

that are concerned with violence,
social conflict,

and who have not
done painful research?

- Yeah.
- Have they not contributed anything?

They've contributed a magnificent body
of knowledge to that,

a magnificent body,

which I appreciate very much
and read and am interested in, OK?

But they were not coming at it from the
point of view of behavioural scientists,

which also has contributed a beautiful,
magnificent body of knowledge.

How, then, do we attempt
to control aggression?

Punishment.

But unless the punishment we employ
is so severe as to be terminal,

what are the chances aggression
can be stopped through punishment?

Back in the lab, several experiments
have given us answers to this question.

As in many laboratory experiments,
the environment is made aversive

by the scheduled delivery of
painful tail shock to the monkey.

When allowed to vent his aggression
on the bite hose,

the monkey appears relatively relaxed
between the scheduled shocks.

When we punished this aggression

by shocking him twice as hard
every time he bit the hose,

we got two reactions.

Some monkeys
began to bite the hose more.

Though the punishment was introduced
to stop such behaviour,

it made the environment
even more aversive,

thus producing more aggression.

But monkeys aren't dumb,
nor are they necessarily masochistic.

And in a short period of time,
each monkey stopped biting the hose

and thus averted the punishing shock.

None of the animals could be
considered less aggressive, however.

Instead of biting the hose,
they bit their own hands,

scratched their face
or assumed a slumped position

characteristic of humans
labelled psychotic or neurotic.

And we were willing to take money
from the Office of Naval Research

to do our basic animal research.

And we were also willing
to take money from them

to make the film
Understanding Aggression,

in which we questioned
very, very sincerely,

more so than probably we've
seen questioned in a lot of film,

the use of force in a heavy, heavy way

to bring about the change
of human behaviour, OK?

I mean, you've seen the movie.

(Ulrich) A chamber was equipped
with two hoses for monkeys to attack.

The environment was made aversive,

then the favoured enemy was found by
which hose the monkey bit the most.

When we tried to punish the monkey
for attacking his favoured enemy,

it was obvious that aggression
was not suppressed.

In fact, the monkey continued
to bite the favoured enemy

and increased his attack
on the less favoured one.

By the time the first punishment session
was completed,

the monkey had bitten
ten times more than usual.

Although this heightened aggressive
reaction to punishment was reduced,

any time the monkey
was likely to get punished

for aggression against
his favoured enemy,

more aggression was directed toward
his less favoured enemy.

If you're interested only in controlling
a specific form of aggressive behaviour,

then punishment,
in a certain narrow sense, does work.

But if you're interested in making
the organism generally less aggressive,

punishment is not the answer.

These two rats are fighting
because one is attacking the other.

Why? He's a mercenary rat.

He's getting paid to do it.

The wires leading into his brain

are capable of carrying
electrical current to the pleasure centre,

a very potent reward.

When the rat attacks the other rat,
he receives his payment -

a short electrical impulse.

Here's the same rat attacking a cat.

This shows just how powerful
reinforcement behaviour can be.

When the mercenary rat
got too good at his trade

and made the cat's environment
aversive by causing it mild pain,

she ceased her peaceful
coexistence strategy

and terminated
the annoying rat's mercenary life.

The cat illustrated the only sure way
punishment is capable

of completely stopping one individual's
aggression - capital punishment.

(interviewer) Listen to your vocabulary -
"punishment", "aversive environment",

"mercenary rat", "reinforced behaviour",
"capital punishment".

Look at your activities.

The military funded your research
during the height of the Vietnam war.

The US government and the US military

has been involved
in teaching repressive regimes,

for instance, Chile,
how to torture political prisoners

or how to extract information from them.

Doesn't your work link up
with that sort of repressive system?

You want me to say...
You... Uh...

OK. Now, let's turn to philosophy.

Of course my work links up to that.
We all are one.

We all, in the end result, are
intrinsically linked up one with another.

Everything you do
and everything I do is linked, OK?

Together, brother,
we are linked up with Chile

and the repressive regimes
all over the world.

You and I reach out and together
in this technological world,

you holding things made by
multinational corporations, are linked up.

Together we assume this responsibility.

(Ulrich) This information on aggression
must reach those people in control,

maybe a parent, maybe a student,
maybe an admiral.

One would think
that we could have picked up on this

by observing the ineffectiveness
of our riot-control techniques.

(screaming)

(narrator) Riot footage
in Ulrich's military-funded film.

Ulrich says when the navy
saw his pacifistic conclusions,

they took their name off the film.

(Ulrich) Has it been proven
research with animals

has come up with anything that's helped
us in the area of cancer research?

Smoking is dangerous to one's health,

and yet we're still exploring
the effects of nicotine,

the effects of smoke, on animals.

And the scientist himself is smoking.

He's not attending to the data that's
come out. That's the point I'm making.

We don't attend to the data.

The things that I discovered
in the basic scientific laboratory

are still meaningful to me.

I went through that.
It's my past. I cannot erase that.

I cannot be dishonest about that.

It's a part of me.
It's a part of my roots.

And...

Do you have remorse
about the suffering

that the animals
in your laboratories experienced?

Do you personally
have any feelings of regret

about the suffering that the animals
were subjected to in your laboratory?

When I think of
what it feels like to be lonely,

and when I think what it feels like to get
shocked, which I've gotten many times,

when I'm feeling down and so forth,

and I think of what Ralph, one of
my squirrel monkeys, went through,

and different things went through,
I think:

"Jeez. God. You poor son of a bitch."

Come on! Hustle! Hustle!

Hustle over!

(Ulrich) More and more people
are starting to say:

"So I do live a little bit longer.
What's the quality of life?"

"How happy am I going to be
under these circumstances?"

(baas like sheep)

What it seems that humans
are willing to do is go to any end,

to sacrifice
all the rhesus monkeys in India,

if we can go out of this life
feeling no pain.

We're so addicted to
continuing our way of life

and doing what it is
that we feel good about.

(narrator) In fact, the majority
of laboratory animals

are used for commercial
not medical purposes.

Identical products with virtually identical
ingredients carry different brand names

to compete for
the greater share of the market.

Every new brand of toothpaste, every
new improved brand of floor wax,

every new product,
has to be tested on animals.

Not to find an antidote
for accidental poisoning,

but to arrive at a statistical rating
of each product's toxicity.

This is a commercial testing lab
in Pennsylvania.

The LD50 -
that is, lethal dosage 50% -

involves mixing poisonous substances
into animal feed

or force-feeding these substances
to lab animals until exactly 50% die.

(man) Oh, I've had experience
with LD50s for almost ten years.

An LD50 is essentially a lethal dose
to 50% of a population,

and it's a statistical calculation

calculated from the number of animals
which die at a series of dose levels.

(narrator) Toxicity testing under US
or British government guidelines

is conducted with no anaesthesia,
sometimes over periods of weeks.

This is a coded material.

As a testing laboratory, we rarely know
exactly what the materials are.

(man) She aborted approximately,
uh, three weeks ago or so.

- (interviewer) Right.
- And during the implantation period,

she just began
to haemorrhage very severely.

Do you think the animals suffer?

Uh, no. I don't think they, uh,
in most instances they do.

(narrator) The skin-irritancy test.

The eye-irritancy test.

Rabbits' eyes do not tear.

Perfect for testing caustic substances

that must remain in the eye
to do their damage

and must not be
washed away by crying.

The following giant corporations

have reported conducting
numerous painful tests on animals

without any use of anaesthesia -

Allied Chemical, American Cyanamid,
Avon, Bristol-Myers,

Ciba-Geigy,
Colgate-Palmolive, Dow Chemical,

Hoechst Roussel, Hoffman-La Roche,
Monsanto, Pfizer, Ralston Purina...

Yes, there are alternatives. Take, for
example, the production of vaccines,

which used to be produced
in the living animal.

In the case of the rabies vaccine,
in the brains of living animals.

Polio vaccine is another example.

Now these are produced in the test tube,
as it were, in the tissue culture.

And they're produced more cheaply
and very much more safely

than they were in the living animal.

There are just some examples. The
Ames test in another instance of this.

This simple test-tube technique

has revolutionised
certain aspects of pharmacology.

What we would like to see
is far more effort

to develop humane
alternative techniques of this sort.

(narrator) Newspaper ads, combined
with a leafleting campaign,

pressured several cosmetics companies
to fund research

into alternatives to the eye test.

The $2 million donated
represents a minute percentage

of the companies' annual profits,

but it is a significant concession to
an emerging international movement.

Animal protesting?
I don't believe how they can do it.

People have nothing better to do
but protest about animals, you know?

- After all, aren't we all animals?
- I happen to agree with them.

You agree with them,
but there has to be a purpose to it, right?

(chanting) Stop the torture, NYU!

I read about that, but then again,
if people would be liberating animals,

how would mankind be able to strive
for the technology they've achieved?

- Isn't he adorable?
- Personkind. Liberate your language.

But it's justifiable suffering,
in a sense, don't you think?

Is it justifiable to behead a cat
in a guillotine? Is it justifiable?

- Is that what they do?
- They do.

They have Blalock crushers,
they have Noble-Collip drums,

they put dogs in hyperbaric chambers.

But aren't you talking about?
Anything to an extreme is no good.

Because NYU is extreme.

$10 billion of taxpayers' money
squandered on vivisection, which is...

I'm not that familiar...

It's the torture, torment
and slaughter of laboratory animals.

There's the Ames test,
which tests chemicals for cancer.

We want these to be
more extensively used,

and we also want more extensive
mathematical and computer modelling.

We want mass chromatography,
gas spectrometry...

(clip voice-over) German shepherds
go through a refresher course

after arrival in Vietnam.

They've been used successfully
as scouts and for sentry duty

following stateside training.

A GI imitates a Vietcong,
giving hand and arm battle signals,

and the dog proves
he's learned his lessons well.

Basic training for each animal
runs to about $2,000,

but it's a good investment.

If this had been an enemy guerrilla,
he'd be out of action after that mauling.

So extensive has been
the use of these dogs,

that many have been wounded
and a few killed in action.

Their swiftness in preventing
sneak attacks on US bases

has also proved them invaluable.

In Vietnam, the old motto
takes a new twist,

and a soldier's best friend is his dog.

(man) If you go down to the wounding
pit you can pick up your animals there.

(clip voice-over) At the wounding pit, the
demonstration animal is anaesthetised

utilising intravenous Nembutal
in an anterior jugular vein.

(gunshot)

At the demonstration table,
the animal is prepared for surgery.

Our purpose is to teach a familiarity
with the principles and practices,

which, if well learned
on the laboratory animal,

may later be responsible for decreasing
morbidity and mortality in combat,

and to demonstrate on living animals
the effects of weapons of warfare.

Students are grateful for the opportunity
to learn the principles and techniques

of what is a neglected field
in the average medical school.

Having participated
in one d�bridement,

they are certainly better qualified
to perform that first one in combat,

or in a similar situation.

(narrator) This monkey was used
to test a new recording device

for reading levels of electroshocks

as they pass through
the bodies of living animals.

If you're concerned about animals,

people think there
must be something wrong with you

because you're probably being
overemotional and oversentimental.

I used to apologise and think:

"Well, maybe there is something
wrong here that I do feel very badly

when I see a monkey being, uh,
shocked to death, literally,

and I feel bad and I empathise
with that monkey and I feel horrible."

But I no longer apologise for that

because I think that we've regarded
emotion somewhat as being unscientific

and something
we don't want to deal with.

Here we are pouring tons of money...
You know, science is big business.

It's not just the lonely researcher
in the lab discovering truth.

It's highly funded by
the federal government,

it's controlled by the government.

It's our money that is
being funnelled into these things.

What do we get out of it?

Well, do we get
a science for the people out of it?

No. Very little of the research
has any direct benefit.

Very little of it
trickles down to the people.

(narrator) In 1946, shortly after the
explosions at Hiroshima and Nagasaki,

animals were loaded onto this ship
in preparation for atom bomb tests

at the Bikini Atoll in the Pacific.

Shaved, tagged
and immobilised on the open decks,

they are left to face
the full blast of the explosion.

This test to record the effects of
nuclear weapons on animals

was known as the Atomic Ark.

A few years later,

military researchers subject donkeys
to lethal doses of radiation

to test its effect on them.

This project was initiated in 1951
and is still being conducted

under funding from
the US Department of Energy.

Ulceration of the gums.

Ulceration of the anus.

Bleeding from the mouth.

Lethargy.

Collapse.

And finally...

death.

All these symptoms were observed
and recorded in human beings

after the explosions
at Hiroshima and Nagasaki,

long before this experiment
was conducted.

This research has been in progress
for over 29 years.

A tethered dog is hit by the full blast
of a Chinese A-bomb explosion.

(clip voice-over) The effects of nuclear
weapons on large biological specimens.

After the fury of the burst
had spent itself,

a round-the-clock operation
was set in motion,

biomedical teams hurrying in
to recover the animals.

The primary cause of death was
mechanical injury to the organisms

due to translation.

Those animals in the open
which escaped total missile injury

survived temporarily until the massive
radiation they received took its fatal toll.

The mortality rate, nearly 100%,
can be applied to man.

(clip voice-over) 2am to 8am
is a work period.

The next six hours are devoted to rest.

Followed by another work period
from 2pm until 8pm.

Six more hours of rest
complete the daily schedule.

The total dose of 500 rads
received by the monkeys

would be considered lethal in man

if accumulated over
a shorter period of time.

500 rads of gamma radiation delivered
at the rate of 50 rads per day

failed to degrade
the performance of the test animals

in either accuracy or reaction time.

The inference is that man could tolerate
substantial amounts of radiation

and still perform efficiently

if the dosage is received over
a sufficiently long period of time.

A definite advantage in civil defence,
military and space-flight operations.

And somehow, one gets the impression

that the chimpanzee
is proud of his contribution.

(narrator) These types of experiments
are still being conducted today.

At the Armed Forces
Radiobiological Institute in Maryland,

a heavily irradiated monkey is forced
by electroshock to run until exhaustion,

as a model for combat soldiers'
endurance in a nuclear war.

In biomedical science,
the use of animals as models

yields, at best, unreliable predictions.

Everything must ultimately
be tested on people.

As Roger Ulrich put it, "There is no
experiment other than the real thing."

Yet animal experiments
are duplicated

in universities, government and
commercial labs around the world.

Trivial or absurd experiments
are initiated,

alternative research techniques
remain underdeveloped,

and expensive new treatments are
favoured over preventative healthcare.

The whole direction of
modern medicine and research

is dominated
by the internationally powerful

chemical, pharmaceutical industries.

Are we justified in feeling confident

that animal experimentation
greatly alleviates human suffering?

Or does it perhaps
pave the way for it?

(clip voice-over) Here in a hospital
affiliated to the Harbin Medical College,

researchers prepare
an amazing experiment -

the transplanting of one dog's head
onto the body of another live dog.

This is the fifth such experiment.

Their knowledge reinforced by the
experience from four previous failures,

the researchers try again,

confident that it can be
successfully done.

And here is the proof
that they were right.

The small dog's head is now
sustained by the large dog's body,

yet their respective nervous systems
remain unimpaired

and the characteristic actions of each
are visibly unaltered.

Knowledge from such experiments
is of great value to medical science

in its constant study of how
to save and prolong human life.

(narrator) Do we condone
the widening exploitation of animals?

Or do we act to end it?

The people here who have masks on

are people who either
aren't known to the police

or whose activities
aren't known to the police.

Whereas with myself,
I've already been to prison twice

for Animal Liberation Front activities.

Each of us spent a year in prison.

And then in the spring of 1976,

the Animal Liberation Front was formed,

and that rapidly grew to be
a much larger organisation.

And it now has
several hundred members.

(narrator) Since 1977,

there have been more than 400
Animal Liberation raids in Britain

and many in the USA, Canada,
Holland and France.

We'd feel it perfectly OK for someone to
have broken into a concentration camp

to free people and to damage the
torture equipment used by the Nazis,

and, you know, we see the torture
and imprisonment of animals

in the same light.

And I think if you look at it like that,

it would seem that our activities
are much too lenient

rather than being extreme in any way.

(hens cluck)

(man) This is a news release
from the Animal Liberation Front.

This morning, one of our groups was
in action in the southwest of England.

The target was a factory farm,
Sunnyside Poultry Limited.

Here, many thousands of chickens are
forced to live in very small wire cages.

More than a hundred birds
were rescued.

The ALF has now
transported these chickens

to a place where they can live out
their natural lives in freedom.

The birds are receiving proper
veterinary care and fresh food.

If we call again about this raid, we will
use the identification code "White Fox".

(man) When they first came out,
they were in a distressed condition.

They were very shy, terrified.

They had none of
the normal reactions of a dog.

I went into the actual laboratory and
removed two of the smoking beagles,

and I was subsequently
apprehended by the police

and questioned as to
the whereabouts of these dogs.

By then I'd passed them on.
They'd gone to safe homes.

The police made a great deal of the fact
that the dogs were almost certain to die

once they'd been released
from the sterile conditions.

But we refused to hand the dogs back,

and it actually has now transpired that
they've spent some three years at least

leading a perfectly happy
and normal existence.

You tend to go out and doing a little bit.

You're leafleting
or you're preaching to the few.

And then after a while you think,
"What the hell? What's the point? "

You're reaching so few people, you're
doing so little good, it takes so long.

You feel helpless and hopeless,
and you think:

"Why should these animals suffer all
the tortures that we can impose on them

just because I haven't
got the guts to do anything else?"

So you think, "I could do more
by smashing up that place

or putting it out of business."

Four kids, as they see it, walking in there
and taking their research equipment -

I think they've been really humiliated.

Scientists at New York University
say that we're stealing these animals

as if they own them as property.

How can they own these animals
to torture them?

It started out with a raid by four people
at NYU Hospital in Manhattan.

That netted them
five laboratory animals.

It was a protest action claiming cruel
treatment of the animals by the centre.

Officials are uncertain as to whether
there'll be charges pressed

against the Animal Liberation Front
people who raided their lab.

The stolen animals will wind up as gifts
in homes selected by their abductors.

We have a cat, we have two dogs
and two guinea pigs.

We took the guinea pigs
because we wanted to show

that we're not just dog and cat lovers,
that we care about all the animals,

and that they all have
a right not to be tortured.

A society exploits other species
without any regard

to the fact that they are feeling creatures
with nervous systems,

this extends into our treatment
of the human race.

And, beyond a doubt, one looks around
and sees it everywhere on every street.

The oppression of animals

is a sort of far extension
of the oppression of people,

and they can't be disconnected.
This is what's so vital.

I think that a culture which is conscious
of its oppression to other species

would also be conscious
within its own.

People who fought against slavery
were called "nigger lovers".

We're "animal lovers".
They were seen as cranks

for thinking that black people should
have rights, slaves should have rights.

We're looked upon as cranks because
we say animals should have rights.

We're very much up against
the same arguments as well.

"These humans,
these black people, these slaves,

have no rights,
they're not human, they're subhuman."

If you mention animal rights,
you're faced with the same argument.

"They're not human,
they have no rights."

I think we've struck
the right sort of balance

where we are concerned
not to harm life in our activities.

When we set light to a place,
which we did six months ago,

we staked out the place
for about four or five nights

cos we wasn't sure whether a night
watchman was sleeping there or not.

In fact, there wasn't anyone there,
and in the end we did burn it down.

I don't think it ever would be
in the form of indiscriminate bombing,

where ordinary people who aren't
involved in cruelty are going to get hurt.

It's going to be
more like the sort of thing

where a cruel professor
is shot on his doorstep.

I think that would be a bad thing.

I'm just saying how I can foresee what
may happen if things don't change soon.

Because we don't have control
over what other people do.

We've only got control
over what we do as individuals.

And people are very, very angry.

(narrator) An agricultural research
centre near Cambridge, England.

(shouting)

Hold that, will you?

- It's coming. Up the top.
- Get the top.

It's this one, it's this one.

Be careful.

- Watch his legs on the glass.
- Watch his legs.

(narrator) And this is
what they came for.

Photographic evidence.

- (man) What do we want?
- (crowd) Animal liberation!

- (man) When do we want it?
- Now!

(chanting continues)

- (woman) What do we want?
- Animal liberation!

- (woman) When do we want it?
- Now!

- What do we want?
- Animal liberation!

- When do we want it?
- Now!

- Vivisection!
- Out!

- Vivisection!
- Out!

- Vivisection!
- Out, out, out!

(chanting continues)

Keep in line.

(man) We are an organisation which
has existed for just over a year now.

We have over 200 members
in the north of England.

Our organisation is concerned with

involving as many people as possible
in these raids.

That is why the invasion of
the agricultural research centre

Was done in the middle of a Sunday,

at 12 o'clock on a Sunday,
in the open light of day.

We're not afraid of the authorities.
We'll accept what the courts dish out.

Leaders of antivivisectionist societies
try to present a respectable image

so that they can somehow get
compromises out of sympathetic MPs,

compromises which will
lead to maybe a decline

in number of animals
used in vivisection research.

But we feel that this campaigning that's
continued over the last hundred years

has yielded no significant results.

We'll do four of these, like this...

One, two, three, four. OK?

Pull it back.

Four! Five!

Six! Seven!

- (man) Shout as you do it.
- (all) Eight! Nine! Ten!

We're not animal lovers. We respect
animals like we respect our neighbours.

We respect our neighbours,
We respect their right to live.

(man #2) People are scared off animal
groups cos they might face violence.

Our organisation, we ensure that
no member goes into any position

Without adequate protection.

It has benefited our members a great
deal. They're not as intimidated now.

One. Two.

Three. Four.

Five. Six.

Seven. Eight.

Nine. Ten.

We understand socialist groups who say
to us that you can't achieve anything

under the present capitalist system.

We understand this argument.

And we feel we have got no illusions
about the present system.

(man) Ten of these.
One. Two.

Swing your body.
Three. Four. Five.