Original subtitles

HIGH Security team

man has been and will always be

simultaneously fascinated and terrified aviano

change is the necessary ingredient for all advancement

and yet it is something that very few can accept

without a fight in the quest to understand outer space

the Greek mathematician pythagoras was the first to propose

that the world was a sphere rotating on its own access

an idea that seemed absurd to a sixth century BC Society

that believes in a flat stationary world

they out casper factories and insisted that an invisible man in a chariot with

flying horses dragged to the Sun

across the sky each day I'm

supported by the newly formed Roman Catholic Church

this birth centered universe model remain generally accepted for fifteen

centuries

in that time many scientists theorize that the model was incorrect

but few dared to share their findings and those who did

where outcast the last of these rebels was Galileo

the first astronomer to use a telescope

and the last to be persecuted by the church for suggesting that the earth

traveled

around the Sun he was summoned to answer on charges of heresy

at his trial before the church Galloway I was forced to curse

a viewer and test his theory that the earth moved

around the Sun have you not done this he would have been burned alive

at the stake although galloway I'll complied

he was ordered to spend the rest of his life under house arrest

and was allowed no visitors or outside contact

immediately after being sentenced a stunned Callao

calmly declared and yet the earth moves do she

8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, now !

I'll

%uh the

today

you know all of our infrastructure is run by computers

computers are playing a central role

electricity oil distribution

water water treatment

finances everything

go brought back a few years times you have pure text

things like %uh air traffic

shut it down ATM

systems shutting down 911 emergency systems

so I was happening so much now now yeah

you know that could happen

when we first started working with computer security

I think with a lot security practitioners I have just spent

these guys CIA & NSA in the FBI

you know they were like like the computer systems and mission impossible

you know where they have these incredibly secure systems and they

actually mean with the

dealing and within a couple years I realized I was teaching them

Imagine a bar graph and government computer security is

is here corporate computer security is

here and my home network is up about there

cyber terror is a kind of warfare on the virtual frontier

and sometimes though it can be but outside of the virtual round

the physical world such as one for example automated controls on power systems

are attacked and then they cause power outages was a cause dams to burst

or pipelines to cease their flows and

this is the realm of the cyber terrorist

yeah I think as computers continue to underpin our society

become really part of what we are now saying i think is really a digital

nervous system

that underpins our entire economy we ought to be cognizant of the threat of

computer crime computer criminals

you know hacker is unnecessarily in a popular

you know vernacular a bad thing hackers somebody

who explores in a quest for knowledge bowl was looking assistant see how it works

life around me really changed me for way my analytical skills

skyrocket was a star programming is more

actually burden and lesbians crazy

and this Washington Street a

work I wonder how these buses were has doors opening an assignment or having a

stink about

I think about your work into it all hacking is expanding the boundaries

is exploring and said exploring the global exploring space exploring the

inner spaces

I've telecommunications networks are the personal computer

and trying to find out what more you can do

to crack for someone who takes those skills

and use them for for ill use them for for bad things

most hackers are above mine in 10 they're just curious

and in those hackers who are destructive for criminal they should be punished

the FBI does track the average you know

white hat hacker we don't have the resources or any interest in doing

we're specifically listed in individuals they're breaking federal law

hacking to me is expressing human drive to know more to go for the day

to experiment that to me is is fundamental

I think the Wild West is the best valid

you're here in an area where laws

never really considered any this and where

new things are happening exciting things are happening we don't know what's right

or wrong exactly, it's a little fuzzy

to a white hat hacker is someone who might

sakes for their own company network

to determine how much more about how to protect against up

black at hackers and crackers are those that use that knowledge use their ability

to make commit crimes in those people the way it should

between the white hat good guys and the black hat bad guys

is a very interesting character known as the grey had unethical vigilante of the

cyber West

although he's not paid for his services like some white hats

the curious grey hat takes it upon himself to hack into computers and

find security holes he then informs the owners have these vulnerable computers

about the problems to help them prevent any villain is black hats

from later exploiting the holes for unethical for criminal purposes

there individualists have the first degree that's what they are

there the Cowboys there they're out there on the edge of the wild west of

the outlaw world

going out any and trying new stuff

and and seeing where the borders are seeing where the edges like seeing where

you know there be monsters what it what ministers are out there

that's he does and you know you got your white herbs are going out there and try

to ship these guys

is very hard to make this Asian legal or illegal when you're talking hacking

because intent is very much part

or justice system it's very hard know what some reason 10

I understand the government's point to feel I understand that they feel they

need to send a message that

crime can't be tolerated no matter how well-intentioned is and

each I think that in some ways. they're unable to look beyond that message

I don't think that necessarily see the social impact of what they do

and I think that you can't use all models

and rules and apply them to this these new situations they don't buy

him

am

as convoluted as its modern-day usage

the dictionary definition of the word hack is either the active coming through

something with quick

unskilled blows for the ability to find a way to manage

a given challenge such as can you hack it or not

how this word transformed into what we know today as the hacker

was not through the computer but through the model train

in 1946 the tech Model Railroad Club was formed at MIT

comprised of engineering students and model train enthusiasts of all ages

the purpose of the club was to challenge and modify the functional design of

model trains

in order to hack a better train they define a hacker

as one who applies ingenuity to create a clever result

called i hack still in existence today

the tech model railroad club: remains proud that it originated the word hacker

and disapproves using the term to represent illegal acts of computer crimes

in as the term hacker moved from the world of model trains to modern computers

one of its key evolutionary phases was the telephone

1969 nobody had a computer faking list

was at that time hacking the phones there are no computers fact it was only

the phone system

always been working with electronics spinning around with things

trying different things finding out why things did work on why we work so well

others don't work so well did mostly through experimentation despite round

there

I have not actually been discovered of the Captain Crunch

vessel to Captain Crunch so solicitous covered by the blanket

and that it is just by chance

they happen to play around with the whistle an experiment around what

pressing different roles get different pitch like to try this one

it's not 2600 with perfect pitch

that story's center

but (2600 ton) twice serotonin is

used to activate encamped along this is struck

I read and a newspaper article there that

it was now possible for certain cities dial overseas

directly without going to an operator I said gee house after possible

so too little socially engineering. social engineering is intact were basically

what you doing

is your following someone into giving access

to someplace the don't having business be am

this is a technique that a lot of people is not just hack

for example sales guys will use social engineering

for selling is working with people if helping them make the gym

good decision helping them by

so too little social engineering I was having an opportunity to tell me oh you

doubt people's twenty to start

networking oversee senator from there you just to keep both

0 for 4 and the country code in the city code numbers start

you can connect oh wow so I took down mapped out the entire

entire country go to the world not only can I call country

like to experiment around these codes you can find a way words could go to

in scope but have codes that were not published because would

we're getting the satellite systems and phone system so

ship sure phone systems they have their own country Co throws just understanding

other phone system work

hackers have thus been involved with each new technological development

leading to the computer for centuries enjoying the intellectual challenges

have creatively overcoming the limitations of each age

contrary to popular belief when hackers finally did meet modern day computers

they did not intrude upon them they invented them

to those of us who are real hardcore in the computer industry

were hacking was a white to people who hacked away

all night long people usually that didn't have

all computers up there on the didn't have any money but they were University

and they found out that if they stayed up all night long there were some

your son's and they call that hacking because the hacked away

took a program have to get up and try to make it a little better little better

way back in the high slot open government have a computer sunday and he

said it cost as much as a house

I said we'll all live in an apartment I was going to have a computer and even if

it cost me a house

I got a phone call from a friend

well as a group getting together in their interest in things like terminals

I can just design

video terminal work with my phone color TV and spiky type in

and talked with think all the ARPANET the ARPANET was started by the military in

put the whole bunch campuses across the United States together in

put the whole bunch campuses across the United States together

so I could actually like Chuck chess on it computer MIT

bent over to computer Stanford some files and over to Berkeley

to other parts of the world long before the internet have to have that's why

don't my hunter milf and

when Alan Tam said their a computer but starting for people with terminal somethings

I thought copy the short migrate the low chip design and went to the club

so excited about it summer these people were all talking about microprocessors

had some we made it possible to have a computer at a low cost

it came out of a group of people that were kind of liberal thinking about

computers for the people

the whole mentality him for Computer Club was extremely open information

should be

published handed out because basically we work creating stuff that was gonna

move the world for work and we should do are our best to be good contributors to

society in that way

and that's really where that word hacker originated

for a long time technology computer technology digital technology

was the relative hacker alone

people are really into it that was theirs big business

laughed at IBM said that they'll never be a market for more than 20 computers

in the world

a market for that so personal computing was really

created by hackers for hackers and that's what you know we play with this

stuff then business

industry government star as a whole ours money to be made here and they started

taking over

first by commercializing over the last decade

commercialization of the Internet has exploded into a multi-billion dollar industry

prompting governments to argue that they must control the Internet to ensure the

economy safety

in an international organization named I can

was thus created by the United States government in 1998

based in Marina del Rey California I can controls the 13 computers

which manage the domain names over the world

whoever controls these 13 computers controls the World Wide Web

the rest of the world opposed to this United States dominated control if I can

and so it was agreed that the UN would create an international body in 2006

to run I can

and ensuring equal internet availability to all countries

when the time came to relinquish its power however

the United States Department of Commerce instead declared that the United States

would keep control if I can indefinitely

the United States has since made controversial you serve this

self-declared monopoly on the Internet

such as taking over the country codes for iraq and Kazakhstan

without requiring consent for my the country

the and by asking popular search engines

to hand over private user information and Internet activity patterns

in the Internet is quickly becoming less of a public information sharing network

and more corporate tool for profit and a government tool for control

the hacking skills are gonna become

critical to Liberty in this country

because as as government and industry starts to realize they can use

technology

to shut people down to reduce our liberties the only freedom fighters out

there will be hackers

the next war is not before with bullets and guns and bombs gonna be fought with

co

before the technology with computers

that's how the words before and if you want to preserve liberties in this country

I don't think it has anything to do with the second member the right to bear

arms the right to bear computers

and (over time)Beaufort line the term hacking store nowadays has a meaning of

I'm hacking my way in a chopping my way into somebody else's computer

and the newspapers and the media have tried to make action to be a word that

means ok

got it something bad it's a threat was invisible threads you don't know about

there's a lot of like spilt in like come to church here's the Dartmouth and that

we have in

our society today even government p hackers are bad just one of those

church grounds you don't like actors say

socrates was a humble Greek philosopher

who debated with patrons in the streets winning every argument yet crediting his

opponents for any insects

that may have arisen he chose not to teach for money

as did the many professional so first serve the time

and yet he was considered by the masses to be the most wise

above all men the Athenian powers however

paranoid over Athens inevitable defeat by the attacking Spartans

concluded that intellectuals like Socrates weakening Athenian society

by undermining its traditional views and values

socrates was arrested on charges

refusing to recognize the official gods have the state

introducing new gods and corrupting

the yen at his trial Socrates insisted that he did not know enough to teach

anybody anything claiming

I am very conscious but I am NOT wise at all

he was sentenced to death

by drinking a cup of poisonous curb called hemlock

which produces a slow death I gradually paralyzing

the central nervous system Socrates would be

his on executioner the philosopher was taken to the nearby jail

where his sentence would be carried out in the comfort of his friends

disciples when he drank the cup hemlock

his friends could not help he consoled

to fear death my friends

is only to think ourselves wise without being wise

for it is to think that we know what we do not know

society is always going to have trouble with people who want to push them

societies are designed around

conformity what hacking is is saying I'm gonna do a different

see what else I can do wanna see where else to go society is never gonna like

that

society will always make laws against and thats

appropriate for society do what I would say it's very important for society

have people were willing to push the envelope

otherwise aside world so hackers are very very important part

techno with how it you have no motivation no growth spec

and yet they pose a threat because

they are breaking the rules they are going to for

that's their job you gotta have a im all for my lifetime was for

we have stopped out so many things that are seeds

creativity in this country a water water teachers will just tell you

don't really have school systems that encourage the children to think of a

problem in what the solution P

no just like 10 fights with you were talkin this chapter use that so we don't

teach thinking as much as we teach

you know rigorous wrote in intelligence is not to fight somebody having a brain

the cam think unseen consider all possibilities and come up with the

the best solution over now intelligences saying the exact same things as everyone

else

you read the same newspaper articles watched see new shows be the same box

and now you can say exactly the same things about how the world works

see although your group it's almost like a privilege we're all the same

where intelligent because I C and you see your Delta so I'm intelligent

and we never really have a real good way of measuring for you

think him putting together and coming up with your own

solutions not we have defined as intelligent we often find is down

and and

in what we see is a growing emerging threat is the professional cybercrime

from the former Soviet Union from places like that where you have an educated

populace

my per starving for many there and so it's not uncommon to find

what are called large programming houses these houses were all these with huge

networks is set up

usually out in the countryside totally non-descript

mostly funded by the Russian mafia types organized crime is very much about

there's a vast conspiracy among financial

when india detonated its nuclear blast,

and pakistan followed suit a few day later in maw 1998

then what happened was that

a few days after the Indian blast,

the bhabha atomic research center,

which is india's major nuclear installation,

its website was hacked by an anti-nuclear group

a peace group, called mil0rm.

the first pakistan group was called pakistan hackers club

the second group, which is probably the best

is one called GForce Pakistan

they broke into some of the networks of the army

they gave a warning to India's army Nuclear research center at kalpakkam

where GForce pakistan had told them on mondey

we'll crack into you on thursday after noon

and despite having given a full three days notice

[they] managedto crack them precisely on Thursday afternoon

now the thing about China is that it is not done

so much by student and teenagers

In china it is the PLA, the peaple's liberation Army, which is

actually preparing for a very advanced program in information Warfare

here it is a very organized initiative at the state level,at the army level

well they had conducted some type of war exercises of the army

which was directed against,

it was directed against the U.S.

but also directed against tawain, japan, South korea

and there were simulations on how to bring the electronic infrastructure

their trading systems

their stock exchanges, their electricity grids to a halt

china's chief of staff and several generals

were involved in this planning exercise

about five hundred soldiers were involved in this

they did a lot of analysis on how they could

carry out what are called blitzkrieg attacks

because sudden attacks paralyze the information network

the primary aim was the US Aircraft Carriers

and some of the missile systems and then the aircrafts

You know they are trying to incorporate imperial warfare

sun tsu had written rules of warfare hundreds and thousands of years ago

you try to get somebody else to carry out your assassination

the idia is to make you believe that it came from within

that they'll use cracker groups in various other countries

such as children to act as a front for the PLA

People who are attacked will think that it has come out of the universities

whereas it really has come out of China's People's liberation army