Original subtitles

When I was a kid we thought the ocean was too big to fail, but now we know better.

National parks protect America's natural treasures on the land.

The same must be done for the ocean.

It is a frontier in peril.

On the hundredth anniversary of our National Park Service, a pioneering

expedition travels from sea to shining sea to help inspire one man.

A great honor to meet you.

To create blue parks across an unseen wilderness.

If we're not careful it'll slip through our fingers.

We need all of it for us to survive.

We have a chance that will never come again.

Factory scale taking of wild fish is an example of what's at stake.

Schooling in the trillions, men Hayden filter the Atlantic and Gulf.

They are so crucial to the diet of bigger fish, they

are known as the most important fish in the sea.

Yet they are targeted by the men Hayden reduction industry.

Not to be eaten by humans, but rendered into fertilizer and chicken feed.

Just like the Bible says.

It says in greed and time you will destroy your own earth and that's what's happening.

It's in front your eyes.

All you got to do is open your eyes and see it.

It's heartbreaking.

Heartbreaking.

This is in our blood.

All the fish and shrimp and ice and we do it all.

It's just coming to an end like that.

The local small boat fishermen have a powerful ally.

She spent thousands of hours underwater.

Scientist, explorer and conservationist, Dr. Sylvia Earle.

Change is happening fast.

We're losing coral reefs.

We're losing fish in the ocean and whole ecosystems are coming apart, unraveling.

The chemistry of the planet is being affected by what

we're putting into the ocean or taking out of the ocean.

It's a different world.

Pokey boats, they go out there and take in a whole school.

That's right.

They don't always catch pokey.

But there should be limits on all that.

There should be and there should be some places,

it seems to me, we should just leave alone.

It's like national parks.

You don't cut the trees, you don't shoot the squirrels, you don't...

They don't have that now?

No, we don't.

Offshore America is larger than the 50 states, but

nearly all of it is open to the taking of ocean wildlife.

Now we know what we could not know when I was a kid, that the ocean governs climate,

absorbs much of the heat, regulates temperature.

It's 97% of Earth's water is out there in the ocean.

And... And we have a chance that will never come again.

A luxury for the sharks.

Why do sharks bite people so much?

They don't.

I'm Max Kennedy.

My love of the sea comes through my family.

I'm thrilled to be joining Sylvia on a voyage to forge an

undersea version of America's best idea, the national parks.

More than a century ago, we killed every great auk, every passenger pigeon,

every eastern elk, and nearly the last buffalo.

The turning point was photography and images that galvanized a nation.

Then in 1871, 28-year-old Civil War veteran William Henry Jackson became

official photographer of the Hayden, Wyoming expedition and made history.

Jackson's stunning images inspired President Ulysses S.

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National Monument is the symbol of natural wonders.

One such vital resource is Cash's Ledge, an undersea mountain range brimming with life.

A magnet for tuna, sharks, minke whales,

endangered right whales, and humpbacks like these.

If protected, Cash's Ledge would become New England's first

national monument and a refuge for life vanishing elsewhere.

Opposing the refuge, an industrial fishing

industry that has emptied the Gulf of Maine.

About two years ago, there was a stock assessment that showed that Gulf of Maine

cod populations were about 3-4% their target biomass.

I'm sorry?

Yeah, their populations have plummeted.

96% below where they should be.

There is a sustainable population at a point

at which you can take a certain amount of fish.

If you overshoot that limit, then slowly you're just going to watch the population

decline because they can't produce enough

individuals to replace the ones that we've taken.

Our goal?

Support the scientific case for protection with photography.

And no one does that better than Brian Skerry,

one of the world's best underwater photographers.

I grew up in this small town, a working class sort of blue collar town.

The notion of being a National Geographic photographer or being an ocean explorer

were probably as far away from anyone's radar as you could imagine.

It's a real pleasure to meet you finally.

It's so great to see you.

Thanks for coming out.

I've seen a bunch of your stuff.

I'm so excited.

I sent you a book back last year.

When I began diving in New England, I can remember

walking off beaches and seeing big shoals of fish.

And I don't see those things anymore.

Cash's Ledge harbors an unexpected treasure.

An underwater forest 80 miles off the coast of Maine.

There's nothing like this.

I mean, you come down and you see this undulating bottom of kelp.

And in the distance you see schools of pollock and you see cod and some of the

cod are red in color because they are blending in with this red kelp.

You get this sense that this can't be New England.

This must be some tropical paradise that I

need to journey days on an aircraft to get to.

But it's not.

It's right here.

When I am in a place like that, I'm trying to make

pictures that they can see that it is special.

I want them to connect with a codfish.

It was an experience of a lifetime to dive in and to see for myself what some

scientists had been raving about for years.

There's a fish looking right at me.

I felt like a dancer.

These golden scars surrounding me.

This place rocks.

This place is special.

It's a source of renewal.

A source of recovery.

One of the most beautiful dives I've ever had in my life.

Yeah, hypnotic.

You know, I mean, you're sort of just in this trance in this cathedral setting.

It's like walking through a temple.

I see Cassius Ledge as kind of a Noah's Ark for the offshore Gulf of Maine.

I mean, think of it.

It's got practically one of every species and one of every

type of offshore habitat all in a really concentrated area.

Well, let's hope it has two of each.

There's an opportunity here to look at Cassius Ledge

as the Yellowstone of the North Atlantic Ocean.

This is like an oasis.

It's what remains of what used to be everywhere.

If we're not careful, it'll slip through our fingers.

It'll go forever.

And it could happen without anyone knowing it.

That's why we need to show them, because once they see it, they care.

We head 200 miles southeast of Cassius Ledge to another fragile oasis.

The deep canyons and seamounts along the continental shelf.

Most of life on Earth is in the deep ocean.

Too deep for divers, but not for an unmanned NOAA rover.

You would think the very depths would safeguard the seamounts.

But there's a new threat.

Deep sea mining.

With machines that can chew up ocean

habitats before we even know what we've lost.

Life that deserves protection.

At my mother's home, we join Brian and his new apprentice, my nephew Fim.

We'd love to.

Because you're kind of like a modern-day Jackson.

Well, I don't know about that.

We have an almost more difficult task than

Jackson had because we're starting from scratch.

We have to show that these places, A, exist,

that they're vital to the health of the planet.

So we've got a lot of work to do.

We have to plan carefully.

We have to plan very carefully.

The last thing we need is something to go wrong on this project.

I'm so glad to see you.

I do.

Really.

What a pleasure.

No, so nice for me.

Thank you.

I'm still a little bit salty.

You know, we were diving.

It's an extension of Acadia National Park.

It comes close enough to the surface that

sunlight strikes this mound out in the ocean.

And there's a forest of kelp.

Who would dare go anywhere near the water with you?

All of your family.

We need to show people, look, there's still reason for hope.

We're the agent of change.

And so we can be the agent of positive change.

That's the key.

And to get that news and do something about it.

Sylvia recruits an indispensable crew.

The inheritors of the Earth.

Enlisting teenagers to be ambassadors for the ocean.

To go explore the ocean and be witnesses.

And tell their parents.

Tell their teachers.

Tell their mayors.

Their senators.

Their presidents.

And get them out there.

No child left dry.

Rounding out the team are two activists from

Washington's Benning Terrace public housing community.

Rob Edwards and Ashley Dawkins.

So exciting.

Man, I never, ever experienced the ocean.

Our expedition to create a blue necklace of protected

treasures reaches the troubled waters of the Caribbean.

Amid an overfished and warming sea lies a lonely refuge.

The world's first blue national monument.

Created by my uncle, President John F.

Kennedy.

And it is an interesting biological fact that all of us have in our veins the exact

same percentage of salt in our blood that exists in the ocean.

We are tied to the ocean.

And when we go back to the sea, we are going back from whence we came.

Actually, I was 11.

There was a dedication to the new park.

So my father brought me out, along with a lot of government officials.

Kennedy was one of them.

It was a beautiful day.

As a Cruis'ian, I am very proud to be the superintendent for this park that was

protected and designated some 64 years ago by the President of the United States.

This monument was expanded in 2001 by President Clinton.

It became the first marine protected area which means no fishing at all.

No take in the monument.

But some of the fish swim out of the protected area.

And when they do, they can be caught.

These are nice fry fish.

Local parrotfish.

It was really exciting to be down in the Virgin Islands with them.

Rob and Ashley, had never seen the ocean.

So for me to be a witness of their first view was a way for

me to see the ocean as if I were seeing it for the first time.

This is what real divers do.

Just a bit of saliva.

Otherwise known as spit.

And you rub it into your mask then it is less likely to fog.

It's foggy.

I was very afraid getting in the ocean for the first time.

But I had to test my fish.

I jumped.

Because I thought it was going to be like the bottom.

But there wasn't.

I'm like, wait, am I drowning?

Am I drowning?

I'm never seen someone learn how to snorkel that quickly.

Really is not a swimmer at all.

Sylvia's a real life mermaid.

I feel like she would live there if she could.

What did she say like, no child should be left...

dry?

That's what she said.

Yeah.

What was like the most memorable part?

Just seeing it, like for myself.

It was a good feeling, just being out in the open water.

I felt like free, kind of.

But something was missing.

Grouper.

By the 1980s, we had eaten almost all of St. Croix's grouper.

Grouper, we really don't catch grouper.

Grouper is more like endangered species.

We barely can see those.

My father used to catch two, three, bring them home, you know?

Big size.

But now it's like, you don't see them most.

So fishermen turned to parrotfish, the beautiful keepers of the reef.

These are nice frying fish.

That's why we call them local parrotfish.

Okay.

All the restaurants in St. Croix buy these.

Chicken shop buy them, too.

He takes a hundred pound every week.

I really don't know much.

I just catch them and make a little dollar to survive, you know?

We are just beginning to understand that loss of grouper

and parrotfish has a domino effect, and kills the reef.

It's happening so fast, it doesn't take an old-timer to remember the good old days.

In just my short lifetime of 19 years, I've been able to see immense change in

the, at least the one habitat that I've been

able to dive on since I was four with my dad.

The way I remember it is this absolutely magical place, these immaculate reefs,

such vibrant color, no matter where you went, a

treasure trove of fish and incredible ecosystem.

But now going back the last three years, it looks like a pile

of rubble after a building was demolished in New York City.

It's all gray and white and crumbled, and the fish are

gone and and that's only and that's it in 12 years.

Yeah.

The waters around Buck Island are an oasis in a fast-expanding wasteland,

fueled by climate change and overfishing.

I wish I had seen what you saw up here.

No.

As a boy.

You can't see it.

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boy, the fish population was very diverse it

was a thought I know there were no fish here.

Expanding the refuge to embrace the devastated reefs outside of the monument,

will give the natural systems a chance to recover.

People say I came from a different planet.

I did.

The planet was so different when I arrived.

90% of the big fish already gone.

But the great news is we can turn the corner.

We can restore.

Brian's photography is such a powerful tool.

And now he's unleashing the children.

Trying to tell a story with pictures is your message,

what you're trying to communicate, your vision.

I proposed a story on something called the global fish crisis.

It's a thresher shark that was dead in a gill net.

And as I framed it up in my camera's viewfinder,

it sort of struck me as a crucifixion.

And I thought it might give some empathy.

There's a difference between just making a

pretty picture, and being a photojournalist.

As an underwater photographer, we don't have the luxury of using

telephoto lenses and wait in some blind for an elusive animal to wander by,

you know, a week down the road.

It's really a testament to the animals that allow us into their world.

They inevitably do.

You know, if you're patient, you don't chase them, they will come to you.

We live in a world today where communication and

sharing of images is so much easier than it ever was.

Get those images out, there and tell the story that you want to tell.

By doing that, we can collectively reach a much broader

audience than we would if I was just doing a magazine story.

Just get out and do it.

Run

right back from Carolina, and I'd run right back to Tennessee.

Cause I can't forget the times I held you in all those songs you sang with me.

I started my turtle photography here about three nights ago.

So I'm doing these very long exposures under the moonlight.

And it ends up looking almost like daytime.

I mean, it's still kind of spooky and primal

looking and you've got this dinosaur-like creature.

They get to be about 900 pounds whenever they're adults.

900 pounds.

All of them don't survive.

To me, it just like, brought me back to like where I come from.

Because like my neighborhood is that way.

Like you're, you find not comfort, but you become okay that not everyone will make it.

It just hit home for me.

Sylvia helped me see a bigger picture.

Unless we keep the ocean from dying, none of us will make it.

The Gulf of Mexico faces the same threat as the Caribbean.

Overfishing and climate change.

The Gulf of Mexico is resilient.

But it's like World War II and Europe.

If you didn't know there had been a war, you

might not even know that there had been one.

Unless you'd been there before.

Unless you lived through it.

And Dave Palmer has lived through it.

What are the places that you would choose for protection?

And they nail it.

They know.

Real fear.

...fishermen, and whose livelihoods, whose

life really depends on respect for the ocean.

They know what it takes to make fish.

Breeding areas, feeding areas, not taking too much.

That's a bosta.

Dave.

Hey.

How are you?

How are you doing?

Good to see you.

Yeah, it's been a long time.

Like you, I spent my early years on the Gulf.

So important to the whole country, you know, we just take it for granted,

treating it like an endless source.

You got everybody fishing wherever they want.

They don't really have no sanctuary where it's not fished.

It's not going to last.

It's going to eventually run out, sooner or later.

My hope is they put these spots all around the coast where you can fish, period.

Put a triangle here, put a circle over here, put a rectangle over there.

You want to save the nursery areas.

Right.

You want to save the feeding areas, breeding areas.

If you want to have tuna, the last thing you

want to do is kill them while they're spawning.

Yeah.

That's the only thing that's going to help.

Common sense.

This is where the bluefin tuna spawn, that drive in this amazingly intact system.

Bluefin and other tuna spawn in the Gulf of Mexico in special places like Ewing Bank.

Sylvia dreams of seeing protected areas large enough to restore the Gulf.

Hope spots, she calls them.

Look at this.

It's an ocean full of whale sharks.

I can't even count the number of fins.

As soon as I think I have a number, six more pop up.

Scary.

This pattern is unique, like our fingerprints.

Photographs will go straight into an international database.

These fish is like 20 times as big as me.

But when I seen that they was not worried about me, my fears went out the window.

So we just pulled a plankton net to see what the whale sharks

were feeding on, and like we suspected, it's full of eggs.

Tunny, a species of tuna, spawn in the depths below.

The eggs are naturally buoyant and float to the surface.

It's a crucial, age-old feeding site for the largest fish in the sea.

Ewing Bank is so special because you have a combination of breeding and feeding.

You get the breeding of the Tunny, but you get the feeding of the whale sharks.

Six years ago, we were out at this exact spot, and we had

our largest documented encounter of whale sharks in U.S.

waters with over 100 animals.

We put out some satellites to see what they were doing.

We looked at the tags and looked at the connectivity from here

and other places in the Caribbean and elsewhere in the world.

Of the world's 14 known congregation sites, Ewing Bank is the only one in

American waters, an obvious candidate for protection.

Words is hard to explain once you get in the water and get right next to them.

It's like you can almost feel their heartbeat.

It's a very, very sacred place.

These fish are telling us they need help.

So does life in another sacred realm, the waters around

Nihihau, the westernmost inhabited Hawaiian island.

And the people who first came to Hawaii, their descendants

cared deeply about not just the land, but also the ocean.

They are, essentially, people of the ocean.

My family hails from the island of Nihihau.

The Nihihau people believe that once somebody in our lineage passes,

their soul take on the form of a shark and plays as a guardian for our people,

and there's a lot of sharks that swim around Nihihau,

and they protect the island from outsiders, from harm.

First few frames, look, and then we can make adjustments as we go.

Fantastic.

All right.

Here in Hawaiian waters, the oldest living animals have been discovered.

Parals that are more than 5,000 years old.

Two, one, go!

So we're diving into history when we dive into the ocean here.

We're in a place called Hale'ohono, which means house of the turtle.

There are a number of places in the ocean where animals go to be clean.

They get parasites and algae and things on their body.

And other animals eat that.

...off of them, but it's this symbiotic relationship.

I saw a massive moray eel down there.

Yeah, we went to this other little cave that we found, and we both poked our heads

in, and then out comes this gigantic moray eel flaring its teeth.

There's a seal!

There's a seal!

Monk seals in the Hawaiian Islands...

they're right on the edge.

I got to see one in her lair.

She had a little whiskered face.

Just lounging around, holding her breath.

Protect the monk seals, the turtles, the coral reefs.

It's all the little things.

By saving them, you save big chunks of the ocean.

And you save humankind as well.

Niihau is the gateway to Eden, a protected area called Papahanaumokuakea.

Created as a national monument by President George W.

Bush, it was then the world's largest protected habitat.

I want to thank Sylvia Earle.

She sat me down and gave me a pretty good lecture about life.

In 2006, when Papahanaumokuakea was first established, it was the biggest,

and now it's number 10, and so that kind of

really inspired other countries to up their game.

So maybe we can do the same thing again.

That's the goal.

Expanding the monument to the 200-mile limit of American waters.

The biggest sanctuary on land or sea.

I am in strong support of increasing the size of the monument.

There's nothing else like this in the world.

We need to protect it.

Taking steps that would be a model for other places that we don't control.

It's this bold decision that we're counting on, President Obama to make,

and providing the best possible seafood for all of us.

Opposing it?

The longline fishing industry.

I am strongly opposed to the proposed expansion of the monument.

There is no scientific evidence to support any additional conservation benefits to be

gained by expanding the no-fishing zone beyond its current limit.

The reason for the protection is protecting it from future threats.

Because human population is growing, human exploitation of the environment is growing.

And there will be increasing pressure in the years and the decades and even the

centuries to come to expand out into exploiting

areas that haven't previously been exploited.

And the problem is that so much of the bottom

of the sea is out of sight of most people.

They don't realize how much biodiversity is and how important that biodiversity is,

not just to us, but the whole future of humanity.

And a lot of those organisms on the bottom

of the sea haven't even been discovered yet.

The ocean is so little known that scientists

discover thousands of new species every year.

Richard and his fellow explorers use helium mixed gas to venture into the cold,

twilight world between 200 and 500 feet deep, finding an

average of 12 to 15 new species per hour of exploration.

I've been privileged to be with kids.

To see the world through their eyes.

I'm going deep down into the waters.

Yeah, I'm nervous.

Don't get me wrong, I am nervous.

I'm going to be with Sylvia so I know I'm good.

The bottom of the ocean.

See how that is.

Pisces 5, KOK, do you copy?

Roger.

Hats are shut.

Ready to dive, dive, dive.

Over.

Roger.

Hats are shut.

Ready to dive, dive, dive.

Sylvia last dived here nearly four decades ago using a special diving suit called Jim.

There is a new tool in the sea.

It moves with the ponderous rhythms of a mechanical monster.

Her question, can scientists use the Jim suit for dives beyond a thousand feet?

If successful, she will be the first woman to walk the sea floor.

Beyond one thousand feet.

I see it.

Sylvia is looking for signs of change.

When you're up near the surface, it's kind of light blue.

But as you go down, you see the pretty shades of blue.

And the blue gets darker and darker.

Then it gets pitch black.

It's really black and dropping.

There's no ambient light.

It's like a

different world.

Yeah.

Actually, our world is a different world.

This is normal.

New life comes to light.

An unknown coral.

Chris doesn't even know what species this thing is.

This is the only place I've really seen it this far.

I've seen some of the northwestern Rhode Islands.

It's scattered everywhere.

This is like a magic carpet.

Oh my goodness.

Beautiful.

Except it's better than any old carpet.

It's alive.

It's alive.

Flying carpet.

Sylvia never stopped looking out the window.

She was just excited to see things that she hadn't seen in so long.

So we're right over the ray.

The ray just ate something.

He just trapped one of those little fish under his... That's unbelievable.

He did.

He got one of those polymyxia.

I see five.

I see four.

Do you copy?

We just watched these two rays eat polymyxia.

Here comes the ray.

Okay, that's the first observation.

I've heard anybody say that.

That's really interesting.

Took a kid with fresh eyes to notice

something that has been happening all along.

Because after Finn pointed it out, we looked

and we saw it happening all around us.

A little eel just swam under... Oh, did you see that?

Yeah, I got it on film.

Oh!

For Sylvia, one question looms above all.

What is the state of this special place?

I had witnessed the forests of bamboo coral in 1979.

The good news for me was they're still there.

Since I began exploring the oceans in the 1950s, about half the coral reefs are gone.

But the deep coral reefs still provide reasons for hope.

On her first dive here, Sylvia saw corals

1,200 feet deep, thriving in all directions.

In utter darkness.

This coral emits living light when touched.

Bioluminescence.

A marvel of nature never filmed without lights.

To see it as nature intended takes a revolutionary low-light camera.

Shooting at 4 million ISO.

Wow, look at that.

The first color video of coral bioluminescence.

Wow, look at that.

That's a beauty.

Not everyone has seen the Grand Canyon.

But Grand Canyon and other beautiful places are

valued as treasures by the people of the country.

As people come to understand the cliffs, the canyons, the

wildlife that are in the deep sea, that will be valued too.

Gosh, this coral is so slimy.

That's the critter itself.

Sylvia's mysterious specimen.

We don't know how old these are.

We don't know what species this is.

Who are you?

Where did you come from?

Who's your mom?

Who's your dad?

I apologize for bringing you out of the ocean.

Yeah.

We're all sea creatures.

It's like the creatures who live in the sea

all life, including humankind, needs the ocean.

The ocean now needs us.

There's a blue country out there.

And nowhere is that more obvious than in the Hawaiian Islands.

I think the hope is that President Obama will expand the monument.

And with that, I think we're making a huge contribution to the globe.

I implore you all, please, understand the real science.

Don't just wave your arms.

Understand what's really going on.

And I assure you, if you look at it rationally and

objectively, you will agree the science supports the expansion.

Mahalo.

For a lifetime, Sylvia has dreamed and fought

to see protection of the ocean become a reality.

And now, an epic announcement.

We've designated national monuments from Maine to Ohio to California.

And just last week, I created the world's largest marine preserve.

By dribbling the size of our monument, this is an area twice the size of Texas.

It's going to be protected and allows us to save and

study the fragile ecosystem threatened by climate change.

Tomorrow, I'm going to travel to the Midway Atoll to see it for myself.

Before it was a national wildlife refuge, Midway Atoll was a U.S.

naval base.

And the site of one of the most decisive battles in American history.

Where we're standing right now, Midway, this

was considered a turning point in World War II.

They're basically kids flying the airplanes.

Kids fighting the war.

Putting their lives on the line.

We're in a different kind of war today.

It's not one country against another.

It's humanity against the rest of biodiversity.

The biggest problems we're facing right now has to do with the changing climate.

We have a chance that will never come again to stabilize things.

Protecting the natural systems that are still

in good shape and restoring what we can.

We are the natural world.

Yeah, we are.

Thank you.

We've socialized ourselves to think we're not even animals, but we are.

Four billion years of development is what allows us to survive.

And if we think we can change that in 100 years, we are sorely mistaken.

So I quote you at the end of the presentations I give.

What we do in the next 10 years will impact what happens in the next 10,000 years.

We are at a pivotal moment in history.

Now is the time we must act.

Doctor, how are you?

I am in awe of anybody who's done so much for ocean conservation.

That's a good start.

Listen, it's better than a good start.

You've done amazing work.

I see one of your constituents has come up here.

I noticed.

Doesn't seem that excited about meeting the president.

Which is how it should be.

Why it's so important for us to preserve these for the future.

You know, you've got a monk seal in the background.

One of the most endangered marine species in the world.

You've got 7,000 different marine species here.

Many of whom are unique to this ecosystem.

And all of this can be impacted by climate change.

This isn't just a matter of quote-unquote tree-huggers.

Fish-huggers.

Or fish-huggers.

Or coral-huggers.

All of us depend on these ecosystems.

And they're incredibly...

In some ways they're incredibly resilient if we do the right thing.

But they're also really fragile when we do the wrong thing.

People have to know.

It's not enough to just talk about... policy in the abstract.

People have to see it and feel it.

And be able to understand...

what it is that we're fighting for.

And why this is so important.

We dive in to celebrate while Brian captures the first...

underwater photograph of an American president.

Just two weeks later, President Obama takes another giant step.

Creating the Northeast Canyons and Seamounts National Marine Monument.

The first in the Atlantic Ocean.

The mission to secure the future is gaining recruits.

So the goggles won't fog up when you go underwater.

You gotta spit in them.

Defog it.

Okay.

I see we cleaned up this river.

Do you think that we could clean up the world?

Oh, it's not if.

Or could we.

We must.

We have no more urgent tasks.

Our problems are man-made.

Therefore they can be solved by man.

We all inhabit this small planet.

We all breathe the same air.

We all cherish our children's future.

And we are all mortal.