Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
1
00:00:01,790 --> 00:00:05,190
This time on
"impossible engineering"...
2
00:00:05,190 --> 00:00:08,890
The largest sailing yacht
on the planet...
3
00:00:08,890 --> 00:00:12,160
Nobody has attempted to
do anything like this before.
4
00:00:12,160 --> 00:00:14,260
This is one of a kind.
5
00:00:14,260 --> 00:00:17,570
Nautical
construction on an epic scale...
6
00:00:17,570 --> 00:00:19,600
It's like a living animal.
7
00:00:19,600 --> 00:00:22,340
There's so much engineering
in this structure,
8
00:00:22,340 --> 00:00:24,240
it's mind-blowing.
9
00:00:24,240 --> 00:00:26,940
And the pioneering
historic innovations...
10
00:00:26,940 --> 00:00:28,780
Eventually,
this airplane will stall
11
00:00:28,780 --> 00:00:30,650
and fall out of the sky.
12
00:00:30,650 --> 00:00:35,220
This is not how I usually
start my days.
13
00:00:35,220 --> 00:00:39,150
That made
the impossible possible.
14
00:00:39,160 --> 00:00:42,160
15
00:00:42,160 --> 00:00:45,190
captions paid for by
discovery communications
16
00:00:49,870 --> 00:00:54,500
sailing is the passion of
millions around the globe,
17
00:00:54,500 --> 00:00:58,110
but when it comes
to harnessing the wind,
18
00:00:58,110 --> 00:01:01,980
there's often a choice
to be made...
19
00:01:01,980 --> 00:01:05,680
Size versus speed.
20
00:01:07,550 --> 00:01:09,980
The two seldom go hand in hand.
21
00:01:12,360 --> 00:01:16,120
But now a brand-new boat
is rewriting the rule book.
22
00:01:23,770 --> 00:01:27,570
Black Pearl, the world's
largest sailing yacht.
23
00:01:30,210 --> 00:01:33,440
Welcome to the Black Pearl...
106 meters,
24
00:01:33,440 --> 00:01:35,080
7.2 meters of draft,
25
00:01:35,080 --> 00:01:39,050
14 1/2 meters of beam,
sails at 22 knots.
26
00:01:39,050 --> 00:01:42,380
We expect her to do 30 knots.
27
00:01:42,390 --> 00:01:46,190
Without a doubt, that is unique.
28
00:01:46,190 --> 00:01:48,520
Never before has
a yacht of this scale
29
00:01:48,530 --> 00:01:51,230
been built to sail so fast.
30
00:01:51,230 --> 00:01:52,530
Good morning.
31
00:01:52,530 --> 00:01:55,300
Welcome on board
the sailing yacht Black Pearl.
32
00:01:55,300 --> 00:01:58,930
Today, this $200 million feat
of engineering
33
00:01:58,940 --> 00:02:03,070
is setting out on crucial
sea trials in Tarragona, Spain.
34
00:02:06,510 --> 00:02:09,040
Captain Chris Gartner
heads up its crew.
35
00:02:11,150 --> 00:02:14,250
The Black Pearl is completely
different
36
00:02:14,250 --> 00:02:18,050
from almost every other
sailing ship ever built.
37
00:02:18,050 --> 00:02:20,320
She's just designed to sail.
38
00:02:20,320 --> 00:02:22,420
Drop the ground lines.
39
00:02:22,430 --> 00:02:26,130
It is really a modern-day...
40
00:02:26,130 --> 00:02:27,860
Miracle.
41
00:02:33,800 --> 00:02:36,570
The world's largest
sailing yacht,
42
00:02:36,570 --> 00:02:40,580
Black Pearl is the length
of 10 city buses.
43
00:02:40,580 --> 00:02:43,580
Its tri-deck design is equipped
with a helideck,
44
00:02:43,580 --> 00:02:45,680
state-of-the-art tender garage,
45
00:02:45,680 --> 00:02:49,320
and can accommodate
38 guests and crew,
46
00:02:49,320 --> 00:02:53,590
all powered through the sea by
an innovative three-masted rig
47
00:02:53,590 --> 00:02:57,460
equipped with over 31,000
square feet of sail.
48
00:03:00,730 --> 00:03:02,700
It is a sailing machine.
49
00:03:02,700 --> 00:03:05,370
It is so on the cutting edge.
50
00:03:05,370 --> 00:03:08,900
Yeah, it's exciting.
51
00:03:08,910 --> 00:03:11,340
However, creating such
a vast vessel
52
00:03:11,340 --> 00:03:14,740
poses many impossible
engineering challenges.
53
00:03:16,880 --> 00:03:18,980
Looking good.
54
00:03:18,980 --> 00:03:21,750
How do you ensure
the largest hull of its kind
55
00:03:21,750 --> 00:03:23,350
will glide through the water...
56
00:03:23,350 --> 00:03:25,690
- 14 close.
- Two, two, one.
57
00:03:25,690 --> 00:03:29,720
And stand up to
the unpredictable ocean?
58
00:03:29,730 --> 00:03:33,030
Every time we leave the dock,
it feels great.
59
00:03:33,030 --> 00:03:37,600
But perhaps the biggest problem
is making this 328-foot-long,
60
00:03:37,600 --> 00:03:42,300
nearly 3,300-ton superyacht
a world-class racer.
61
00:03:42,310 --> 00:03:44,910
And we're only
10 degrees starboard
62
00:03:44,910 --> 00:03:46,440
on turns that quick.
63
00:03:46,440 --> 00:03:48,780
Peeewww!
64
00:03:48,780 --> 00:03:51,380
We want to sail fast.
65
00:03:51,380 --> 00:03:53,850
Sure, there's a lot of boats
out there that are real fliers,
66
00:03:53,850 --> 00:03:56,950
but they're a quarter
of the size.
67
00:03:56,950 --> 00:03:59,990
To get up to speed,
this marine giant requires
68
00:03:59,990 --> 00:04:05,330
a staggering 31,215
square feet of sail area,
69
00:04:05,330 --> 00:04:09,060
but how do you rig and control
such a vast amount of canvas?
70
00:04:09,070 --> 00:04:10,500
Could a marvel from the past
71
00:04:10,500 --> 00:04:13,570
help with this
seemingly impossible problem?
72
00:04:20,980 --> 00:04:28,180
Well, this is not how
I usually start my days.
73
00:04:28,180 --> 00:04:30,390
Naval architect Nick Bradbeer
74
00:04:30,390 --> 00:04:31,790
is in Greenwich, London,
75
00:04:31,790 --> 00:04:36,160
scaling a supersized
150-year-old speed machine...
76
00:04:36,160 --> 00:04:40,600
I am climbing up a tall
ship's rigging,
77
00:04:40,600 --> 00:04:43,700
and I've never done this before.
78
00:04:43,700 --> 00:04:48,400
I'm a little bit nervous,
as well as excited.
79
00:04:48,410 --> 00:04:49,870
That incredibly could provide
80
00:04:49,870 --> 00:04:52,770
an answer for Black Pearl's
design challenge.
81
00:04:55,350 --> 00:04:58,480
Equipped
with 154-foot-high masts,
82
00:04:58,480 --> 00:05:02,250
the 278-foot-long
maritime masterpiece
83
00:05:02,250 --> 00:05:07,090
was once one of the fastest
ships on the planet.
84
00:05:07,090 --> 00:05:09,420
This is the Cutty Sark,
85
00:05:09,430 --> 00:05:11,390
one of the last
surviving clipper ships,
86
00:05:11,390 --> 00:05:13,490
and back in 1869,
when she was built,
87
00:05:13,500 --> 00:05:16,900
she was an astonishing
piece of engineering.
88
00:05:16,900 --> 00:05:20,200
This amazing vessel was
the result of a nation's quest
89
00:05:20,200 --> 00:05:22,070
for a decent cup of tea,
90
00:05:22,070 --> 00:05:26,310
a thirst that started 200 years
before it was built.
91
00:05:26,310 --> 00:05:28,840
Tea was imported from
China, from India,
92
00:05:28,850 --> 00:05:31,310
and it was all imported
by the east India company.
93
00:05:31,310 --> 00:05:32,910
They were the only people
allowed to bring tea
94
00:05:32,920 --> 00:05:34,550
into England.
95
00:05:34,550 --> 00:05:37,350
With no competition,
their ships,
96
00:05:37,350 --> 00:05:40,420
known as east indiamen,
weren't built for speed.
97
00:05:40,420 --> 00:05:44,660
Their slow, bulky boats
now had a major problem.
98
00:05:44,660 --> 00:05:46,630
Wealthy Londoners were
willing to pay a premium
99
00:05:46,630 --> 00:05:49,500
for that first batch of tea
back from every harvest.
100
00:05:49,500 --> 00:05:51,930
So an enterprising group of
merchants and sailors realized
101
00:05:51,940 --> 00:05:53,570
that they could make
a lot of money,
102
00:05:53,570 --> 00:05:56,040
and that meant they would need
a new kind of ship,
103
00:05:56,040 --> 00:05:57,370
something that was much faster
104
00:05:57,370 --> 00:05:59,140
than anything
that had gone before.
105
00:06:01,880 --> 00:06:03,810
Scottish shipping entrepreneur
106
00:06:03,810 --> 00:06:06,980
John "jock" Willis
and engineer Hercules Linton
107
00:06:06,980 --> 00:06:11,020
came up
with a trailblazing solution.
108
00:06:11,020 --> 00:06:14,890
The Cutty Sark was a legendary
British tea clipper named
109
00:06:14,890 --> 00:06:17,290
because of her ability
to clip off the miles
110
00:06:17,290 --> 00:06:20,530
at breakneck speed.
111
00:06:20,530 --> 00:06:23,000
The Cutty Sark
was a very fast ship.
112
00:06:23,000 --> 00:06:25,500
She did speeds up to 17 knots,
113
00:06:25,500 --> 00:06:28,570
which is about twice as fast as
the ships that came before her
114
00:06:28,570 --> 00:06:29,970
and actually is about
the same speed
115
00:06:29,970 --> 00:06:31,870
as a lot of merchant ships
do today.
116
00:06:31,880 --> 00:06:34,380
Her secret...
A towering square-rigged,
117
00:06:34,380 --> 00:06:36,480
three-mast design,
118
00:06:36,480 --> 00:06:40,680
a sailing powerhouse that could
inspire the Black Pearl's team.
119
00:06:40,680 --> 00:06:42,420
One of the things that really
sets a clipper apart,
120
00:06:42,420 --> 00:06:45,250
because she has to go fast,
is the sheer quantity of sail
121
00:06:45,260 --> 00:06:47,360
that she's designed to carry.
122
00:06:47,360 --> 00:06:51,990
Looking up, we've got 11 miles
of rigging, 32 sails,
123
00:06:52,000 --> 00:06:54,400
nearly 3,000
square meters of canvas,
124
00:06:54,400 --> 00:06:56,730
which is just
an unbelievable amount.
125
00:06:56,730 --> 00:06:59,600
I can't even quite fit them
all in my field of vision.
126
00:06:59,600 --> 00:07:02,670
She's just a machine
for carrying as much canvas
127
00:07:02,670 --> 00:07:04,740
as possible
because it's all about speed.
128
00:07:04,740 --> 00:07:07,910
The more sail she carries,
the faster she can go.
129
00:07:07,910 --> 00:07:10,510
The Cutty Sark
and this new class of ship
130
00:07:10,510 --> 00:07:13,920
slashed 20 weeks off
a round trip to China,
131
00:07:13,920 --> 00:07:17,720
its awesome rig making the most
of whatever wind was available.
132
00:07:17,720 --> 00:07:19,590
If you're in light wind,
you want to cram on
133
00:07:19,590 --> 00:07:21,190
as much sail as you can.
134
00:07:21,190 --> 00:07:22,660
If you're in a heavy wind,
135
00:07:22,660 --> 00:07:25,730
then there's only so much sail
you dare pack on.
136
00:07:25,730 --> 00:07:28,100
But the clipper captains
were driven by speed,
137
00:07:28,100 --> 00:07:29,830
so even in high winds,
138
00:07:29,830 --> 00:07:32,230
they keep packing it on
to keep that speed up.
139
00:07:34,870 --> 00:07:37,140
The Cutty Sark spent the 1870s
140
00:07:37,140 --> 00:07:40,680
speeding tea
across the world's oceans.
141
00:07:40,680 --> 00:07:42,680
By the 1880s, she was working
142
00:07:42,680 --> 00:07:44,680
the Australian wool
trade routes,
143
00:07:44,680 --> 00:07:48,920
holding her own
against a new breed of ship.
144
00:07:48,920 --> 00:07:51,990
Even in the age of steam,
she was still far outstripping
145
00:07:51,990 --> 00:07:54,220
the speed of those steamships
over that long run.
146
00:07:54,220 --> 00:07:55,720
She's a piece of history,
147
00:07:55,730 --> 00:07:58,060
and she's an incredible piece
of engineering.
148
00:08:07,500 --> 00:08:09,270
Like the Cutty Sark,
149
00:08:09,270 --> 00:08:11,570
the Black Pearl
is built for speed.
150
00:08:18,310 --> 00:08:22,320
In 2016, its super-sleek
hull is delivered.
151
00:08:24,950 --> 00:08:27,820
But this engineering marvel
only comes to life
152
00:08:27,820 --> 00:08:30,190
when its epic rig is installed.
153
00:08:34,760 --> 00:08:37,160
Keep going. Keep going.
Keep going. Keep going.
154
00:08:37,170 --> 00:08:40,100
Keep going. Keep going.
Keep going. Keep going.
155
00:08:40,100 --> 00:08:41,500
That's it.
We're down.
156
00:08:41,500 --> 00:08:43,340
Get the bolts in.
157
00:08:43,340 --> 00:08:45,510
Inspired by
the historic clipper,
158
00:08:45,510 --> 00:08:50,110
a trio of masts resembles
the Cutty Sark's iconic design,
159
00:08:50,110 --> 00:08:54,520
but their 216-foot height
would tower above it.
160
00:08:54,520 --> 00:08:59,220
Engineering on this scale
produces something special...
161
00:08:59,220 --> 00:09:03,720
The world's largest
sailing yacht.
162
00:09:03,730 --> 00:09:06,790
Chris Gartner captains
this extraordinary vessel
163
00:09:06,800 --> 00:09:10,670
that's shaped by the past.
164
00:09:10,670 --> 00:09:12,870
Based on all the
principles of the clipper ship,
165
00:09:12,870 --> 00:09:15,170
we've incorporated everything
that worked for them
166
00:09:15,170 --> 00:09:17,570
using modern-day technology
and materials,
167
00:09:17,570 --> 00:09:21,780
and now we've built a flier.
168
00:09:21,780 --> 00:09:23,910
Black Pearl's
standout engineering
169
00:09:23,910 --> 00:09:28,020
is its game-changing
square-rigged mast system.
170
00:09:28,020 --> 00:09:30,050
This is the dynarig
of the Black Pearl.
171
00:09:30,050 --> 00:09:34,860
It's a carbon-fiber structure
that stands about 66 meters
172
00:09:34,860 --> 00:09:37,790
from the water
up to the masthead.
173
00:09:37,790 --> 00:09:41,400
There's so much engineering
in this whole structure,
174
00:09:41,400 --> 00:09:43,130
it's mind-blowing.
175
00:09:45,700 --> 00:09:48,870
Each of these three
masts is flanked by a series
176
00:09:48,870 --> 00:09:51,870
of rib-like structures
known as yardarms.
177
00:09:51,870 --> 00:09:56,140
These subdivide the rig
into 15 low-loaded sections,
178
00:09:56,150 --> 00:10:01,180
allowing the engineers to unfurl
over 31,000 square feet of sail.
179
00:10:05,520 --> 00:10:08,760
Today, a sail test is about
to get underway.
180
00:10:08,760 --> 00:10:11,660
First, a manual inspection
must be carried out
181
00:10:11,660 --> 00:10:15,000
on one of Black Pearl's
massive masts.
182
00:10:15,000 --> 00:10:18,530
Going up there, I leave that
for the young guys.
183
00:10:18,530 --> 00:10:21,900
In case they fall, we're not
really losing as much
184
00:10:21,900 --> 00:10:24,640
as if I were to fall off
the rig.
185
00:10:28,340 --> 00:10:33,450
The vertigo-inducing job falls
to rig master Declan clamp.
186
00:10:33,450 --> 00:10:38,290
It's basically getting
hoisted up by winch.
187
00:10:38,290 --> 00:10:39,720
And stop.
188
00:10:39,720 --> 00:10:41,760
He's on truss number six,
189
00:10:41,760 --> 00:10:45,430
and he will begin
his inspection from up there.
190
00:10:45,430 --> 00:10:47,190
View's great.
191
00:10:47,200 --> 00:10:51,170
Always a good view
from 60 meters up.
192
00:10:51,170 --> 00:10:53,170
We take a lot of safeguards
193
00:10:53,170 --> 00:10:55,800
in order to prevent any mishaps.
194
00:10:55,810 --> 00:10:57,640
Everything's okay up here.
195
00:10:57,640 --> 00:10:59,170
Cool.
196
00:10:59,180 --> 00:11:01,440
You get a real scale
for the boat up here.
197
00:11:01,440 --> 00:11:05,150
You realize how big it all is.
198
00:11:05,150 --> 00:11:07,080
Now that the checks
are complete,
199
00:11:07,080 --> 00:11:11,790
Chris can automatically bring
this engineering marvel to life.
200
00:11:11,790 --> 00:11:16,160
And I'm going to set the sail.
201
00:11:16,160 --> 00:11:19,030
Right now, the four
outhaul winches are pulling on
202
00:11:19,030 --> 00:11:23,230
the four corners of the sail
and dragging the sail out.
203
00:11:27,740 --> 00:11:29,770
It's fast to set.
204
00:11:29,770 --> 00:11:33,370
Days of old, the poor sailors
on those boats would be working
205
00:11:33,380 --> 00:11:37,210
their you-know-whats off...
Climbing up the rigs,
206
00:11:37,210 --> 00:11:39,750
pulling them up
towards themselves
207
00:11:39,750 --> 00:11:42,580
while they're balanced on
little, tiny footropes...
208
00:11:42,590 --> 00:11:47,120
And to do all of their sails
probably would take them hours.
209
00:11:49,690 --> 00:11:52,290
Today, Black Pearl's
sails can be set
210
00:11:52,300 --> 00:11:54,300
in less than seven minutes.
211
00:11:56,500 --> 00:11:59,800
But the Black Pearl's sails
can't just be quick to deploy.
212
00:11:59,800 --> 00:12:02,670
They also need to be
quick to maneuver.
213
00:12:02,670 --> 00:12:05,310
To make these megamasts
seaworthy,
214
00:12:05,310 --> 00:12:07,070
the engineers behind the ship
215
00:12:07,080 --> 00:12:10,540
must bring sailing
into the 21st century.
216
00:12:27,830 --> 00:12:30,360
Revolutionary racing
yacht the Black Pearl
217
00:12:30,370 --> 00:12:34,270
can deploy its massive sails
in a record seven minutes flat,
218
00:12:34,270 --> 00:12:38,670
but how could engineers
keep their 31,215 square feet
219
00:12:38,670 --> 00:12:41,240
maneuverable enough
to preserve the smooth ride
220
00:12:41,240 --> 00:12:42,880
this luxury ship demands?
221
00:12:42,880 --> 00:12:44,710
We simply rotate the rigs.
222
00:12:44,710 --> 00:12:46,850
The entire mast rotates,
223
00:12:46,850 --> 00:12:52,390
and that, in turn, trims
or eases for tuning the sails.
224
00:12:52,390 --> 00:12:55,460
It just facilitates something
that's much easier to do,
225
00:12:55,460 --> 00:12:59,660
much safer to do on a big ship.
226
00:12:59,660 --> 00:13:02,560
The innovative engineering
that makes this possible
227
00:13:02,570 --> 00:13:04,530
is concealed below deck.
228
00:13:04,530 --> 00:13:07,940
Yeah, Declan, can you please
rotate the foremast 180?
229
00:13:10,270 --> 00:13:14,440
Yacht manager Derek Munro
is putting it through its paces.
230
00:13:17,710 --> 00:13:20,650
So, we're now in
the foremast's technical space,
231
00:13:20,650 --> 00:13:24,320
and in here, we have the
foremast tube that comes down.
232
00:13:24,320 --> 00:13:27,390
There are four of these
mast-rotation units
233
00:13:27,390 --> 00:13:30,930
to turn the mast around as
and when we need it.
234
00:13:30,930 --> 00:13:34,090
And in the middle,
as the mast rotates,
235
00:13:34,100 --> 00:13:35,430
we need to manage the cables
236
00:13:35,430 --> 00:13:37,300
so that they don't get
tangled up,
237
00:13:37,300 --> 00:13:39,230
and that's what all this
is up here,
238
00:13:39,240 --> 00:13:40,970
the cable management system.
239
00:13:44,010 --> 00:13:45,670
This phenomenal technology
240
00:13:45,680 --> 00:13:49,310
rotates 35 tons
of carbon-fiber mast.
241
00:13:50,910 --> 00:13:53,750
Its immense capacity
for canvas propels
242
00:13:53,750 --> 00:13:59,250
this 3,300-ton superyacht
to a jaw-dropping 20 knots.
243
00:13:59,260 --> 00:14:05,230
It's revolutionary as far
as ease, safety, and efficiency.
244
00:14:05,230 --> 00:14:08,330
When we have a full set
of sails up,
245
00:14:08,330 --> 00:14:11,130
you can actually see
the masts moving.
246
00:14:11,130 --> 00:14:12,700
It's like a living animal.
247
00:14:12,700 --> 00:14:16,340
You can have a maximum of about
three to four meters of flex
248
00:14:16,340 --> 00:14:18,440
at the masthead from zero.
249
00:14:18,440 --> 00:14:20,270
These rigs are living
and breathing.
250
00:14:20,280 --> 00:14:22,580
They're just moving
all over the place.
251
00:14:22,580 --> 00:14:26,680
The dynarig is one of the most
incredible advances in sailing.
252
00:14:30,020 --> 00:14:32,990
In fact, almost
everything about the Black Pearl
253
00:14:32,990 --> 00:14:35,190
is wildly advanced.
254
00:14:35,190 --> 00:14:39,830
It's the largest sailing yacht
in the world,
255
00:14:39,830 --> 00:14:42,760
a brand-new engineering colossus
currently
256
00:14:42,770 --> 00:14:48,340
taking marine engineering
into uncharted territory.
257
00:14:48,340 --> 00:14:53,810
At almost 350 feet long and
weighing in at over 3,300 tons,
258
00:14:53,810 --> 00:14:57,950
this mammoth ship is equipped
with two diesel engines.
259
00:14:57,950 --> 00:15:00,750
But its crowning glory
is its trio of nearly
260
00:15:00,750 --> 00:15:03,280
200-foot-high rotating rigs
261
00:15:03,290 --> 00:15:06,920
capable of propelling
Black Pearl to over 20 knots.
262
00:15:11,230 --> 00:15:13,860
It's captained by Chris Gartner.
263
00:15:13,860 --> 00:15:15,330
The horn on the Black Pearl,
264
00:15:15,330 --> 00:15:17,700
as impressive
as the rest of the boat.
265
00:15:20,370 --> 00:15:23,200
Black Pearl's unique
supersized design
266
00:15:23,210 --> 00:15:26,470
is built to race
and break records.
267
00:15:26,480 --> 00:15:28,480
For her to fulfill that destiny,
268
00:15:28,480 --> 00:15:31,380
every part needs to be
in ship shape.
269
00:15:31,380 --> 00:15:34,680
Chief engineer Richard Tatlow
must ensure her hull
270
00:15:34,680 --> 00:15:37,320
is in perfect shape.
271
00:15:37,320 --> 00:15:39,390
When we're racing,
we're under sail,
272
00:15:39,390 --> 00:15:42,590
and want to ensure that
everything underneath the hull
273
00:15:42,590 --> 00:15:45,130
is as streamlined as possible
to maximize our speed,
274
00:15:45,130 --> 00:15:48,500
'cause it's all about
winning the race.
275
00:15:48,500 --> 00:15:49,860
- Hi, Alberto.
- How's it going?
276
00:15:49,870 --> 00:15:51,270
Good.
277
00:15:51,270 --> 00:15:53,800
So, currently,
the guys are getting up
278
00:15:53,800 --> 00:15:55,270
with their dive equipment,
279
00:15:55,270 --> 00:15:56,870
where they're gonna go down
underneath the hull
280
00:15:56,870 --> 00:15:58,770
and they're gonna
clean our propellers.
281
00:15:58,770 --> 00:16:00,810
They're also going to inspect
the rest of the hull
282
00:16:00,810 --> 00:16:03,540
to make sure we haven't
got any growth
283
00:16:03,550 --> 00:16:05,480
that can cause us drag.
284
00:16:20,860 --> 00:16:23,500
Ooh.
285
00:16:23,500 --> 00:16:25,230
It looks like a band.
Is it a band?
286
00:16:25,230 --> 00:16:26,730
- It's a band.
- Yeah.
287
00:16:26,740 --> 00:16:29,470
Can he see any gone inside?
288
00:16:29,470 --> 00:16:31,640
Basically, what we're seeing
around the starboard propeller,
289
00:16:31,640 --> 00:16:33,340
it looked like a rope.
290
00:16:33,340 --> 00:16:35,480
And what we're also
looking at is
291
00:16:35,480 --> 00:16:38,450
the starboard propeller
is heavily fouled.
292
00:16:38,450 --> 00:16:39,650
So that needs to be cleaned.
293
00:16:39,650 --> 00:16:43,550
It was a good call
to get this done.
294
00:16:43,550 --> 00:16:47,290
The cleanup's not an issue.
295
00:16:47,290 --> 00:16:51,560
But the propellers themselves
create a major problem.
296
00:16:51,560 --> 00:16:54,860
Used in light winds and
to maneuver around harbors,
297
00:16:54,860 --> 00:16:57,630
they permanently protrude
beneath the hull,
298
00:16:57,630 --> 00:17:00,430
compromising Black Pearl's
underwater streamlining
299
00:17:00,440 --> 00:17:02,270
when under sail.
300
00:17:02,270 --> 00:17:04,140
The propellers are
always underneath there.
301
00:17:04,140 --> 00:17:06,240
We can't retract the propellers.
302
00:17:06,240 --> 00:17:09,640
We can only retract
our thrusters and our anchor.
303
00:17:09,650 --> 00:17:12,110
The drag through
the water caused by this pair
304
00:17:12,110 --> 00:17:15,050
of almost-four-foot-wide
propellers could thwart
305
00:17:15,050 --> 00:17:18,120
Black Pearl's racing ambitions.
306
00:17:18,120 --> 00:17:20,790
Could an innovation
from the past offer a solution
307
00:17:20,790 --> 00:17:22,960
to this unfathomable problem?
308
00:17:31,370 --> 00:17:34,130
The surprising answer for
Black Pearl can be found
309
00:17:34,140 --> 00:17:37,540
at a British airfield.
310
00:17:37,540 --> 00:17:39,610
Engineer Dan Dickrell
is discovering
311
00:17:39,610 --> 00:17:41,140
a historic masterpiece
312
00:17:41,140 --> 00:17:44,610
currently being brought back
to its former glory.
313
00:17:44,610 --> 00:17:46,950
Look at this.
314
00:17:46,950 --> 00:17:49,780
This is the c-47,
one of the most iconic,
315
00:17:49,790 --> 00:17:52,350
legendary aircraft
of the second world war,
316
00:17:52,350 --> 00:17:54,920
a plane famous
for dropping paratroopers
317
00:17:54,920 --> 00:17:57,260
over occupied France on d-day.
318
00:17:57,260 --> 00:17:58,990
It's a really
beautiful airplane.
319
00:18:04,130 --> 00:18:06,970
It's easy to imagine
what it would have been like
320
00:18:06,970 --> 00:18:09,500
going across the channel,
over enemy territory,
321
00:18:09,510 --> 00:18:11,370
with flak going off.
322
00:18:11,370 --> 00:18:14,680
In the event that this airplane
would lose an engine,
323
00:18:14,680 --> 00:18:18,310
the only way to get back safely
is to maximize the ability
324
00:18:18,310 --> 00:18:23,750
of the remaining engine
to get you to the ground safely.
325
00:18:23,750 --> 00:18:26,850
But in an emergency,
the disabled engine's propellers
326
00:18:26,860 --> 00:18:29,320
could create a major problem.
327
00:18:29,330 --> 00:18:31,690
Sitting in the airflow,
they caused drag,
328
00:18:31,690 --> 00:18:33,730
which burned precious fuel.
329
00:18:38,470 --> 00:18:40,930
The solution was down
to American engineer
330
00:18:40,940 --> 00:18:44,300
frank Caldwell.
331
00:18:44,310 --> 00:18:46,470
He devised the hydromatic,
332
00:18:46,480 --> 00:18:48,510
a propeller
which utilized hydraulics
333
00:18:48,510 --> 00:18:50,980
to change
the pitch of its blades.
334
00:18:50,980 --> 00:18:52,310
Known as feathering,
335
00:18:52,310 --> 00:18:55,220
it's a process
that could help out Black Pearl.
336
00:18:57,620 --> 00:19:01,460
In the event of losing
an engine, the pilot reaches up,
337
00:19:01,460 --> 00:19:02,960
pulls the feathering button,
338
00:19:02,960 --> 00:19:05,530
which feathers the blades
of the propeller.
339
00:19:05,530 --> 00:19:08,100
The three propeller blades
will rotate,
340
00:19:08,100 --> 00:19:11,730
taking the fat part of the blade
out of the airstream,
341
00:19:11,730 --> 00:19:13,530
giving it the knife edge.
342
00:19:13,540 --> 00:19:18,170
This reduces drag greatly
and effectively helps this plane
343
00:19:18,170 --> 00:19:19,870
get home safely.
344
00:19:25,610 --> 00:19:28,320
Today, Dan is putting
his faith in Caldwell's
345
00:19:28,320 --> 00:19:31,150
brilliant invention
with a daredevil experiment
346
00:19:31,150 --> 00:19:33,790
on board
a modern twin-engine plane.
347
00:19:36,690 --> 00:19:39,160
So, currently,
we're about 3,500 feet,
348
00:19:39,160 --> 00:19:42,200
going about 115 knots,
349
00:19:42,200 --> 00:19:44,500
and we're gonna simulate
an engine failure.
350
00:19:47,270 --> 00:19:49,070
When I give captain Rob
the signal,
351
00:19:49,070 --> 00:19:50,640
he's gonna reach down
and cut the power
352
00:19:50,640 --> 00:19:52,170
to that engine right there
353
00:19:52,170 --> 00:19:54,680
and we're gonna see
what happens.
354
00:19:54,680 --> 00:19:56,910
I can't believe
we're gonna do this.
355
00:19:56,910 --> 00:20:00,050
All right, let's cut it.
356
00:20:02,350 --> 00:20:05,750
And so, there's some
control instability.
357
00:20:05,750 --> 00:20:08,420
There are some alarms
going off right now.
358
00:20:08,420 --> 00:20:11,960
Even though the prop is turning,
359
00:20:11,960 --> 00:20:15,060
that engine is actually
not generating any power.
360
00:20:15,060 --> 00:20:16,600
It's called windmilling.
361
00:20:16,600 --> 00:20:21,070
And the broad side of that prop
is facing the oncoming air.
362
00:20:21,070 --> 00:20:22,870
It's creating a lot of drag.
363
00:20:22,870 --> 00:20:24,910
So to maintain this altitude...
364
00:20:24,910 --> 00:20:28,740
Eventually, this airplane will
stall and fall out of the sky.
365
00:20:28,740 --> 00:20:31,310
This is not a great situation
at all to be in.
366
00:20:31,310 --> 00:20:32,780
Now... yeah.
367
00:20:32,780 --> 00:20:35,880
So, we got a stall warning.
368
00:20:35,880 --> 00:20:37,650
Luckily, this plane is equipped
369
00:20:37,650 --> 00:20:41,290
with a Caldwell-inspired
variable-pitch propeller.
370
00:20:41,290 --> 00:20:44,090
The solution to this problem is
we're gonna feather the engine.
371
00:20:44,090 --> 00:20:46,660
So go ahead and feather, please.
372
00:20:46,660 --> 00:20:48,060
All right.
373
00:20:48,060 --> 00:20:51,970
So, instantly, there was
an effect on the plane,
374
00:20:51,970 --> 00:20:53,630
and while it looks scary...
375
00:20:53,640 --> 00:20:55,940
The prop's not
turning anymore...
376
00:20:55,940 --> 00:20:57,570
We feathered the blades.
377
00:20:57,570 --> 00:20:59,710
Now the knife edge
is into the wind.
378
00:21:02,140 --> 00:21:04,850
The airspeed, it's slowly
increasing.
379
00:21:04,850 --> 00:21:08,650
So the good engine doesn't have
to do as much work.
380
00:21:08,650 --> 00:21:10,250
We're no longer in danger
of literally
381
00:21:10,250 --> 00:21:13,490
falling out of the sky.
382
00:21:13,490 --> 00:21:15,720
Since its launch, the hydromatic
383
00:21:15,720 --> 00:21:17,720
has transformed air safety...
384
00:21:19,760 --> 00:21:21,360
An engineering breakthrough
385
00:21:21,360 --> 00:21:23,960
that has helped shape
the history of flight.
386
00:21:37,550 --> 00:21:40,180
The team at Black Pearl
has been inspired
387
00:21:40,180 --> 00:21:42,750
by this aeronautical
game changer,
388
00:21:42,750 --> 00:21:45,750
but their pitched propellers
cut through the waves.
389
00:21:45,750 --> 00:21:49,190
- Copy that. All lines off.
- All lines off.
390
00:21:49,190 --> 00:21:51,560
Captain Chris Gartner
is using the props
391
00:21:51,560 --> 00:21:55,960
to maneuver the enormous
superyacht into open water
392
00:21:55,960 --> 00:21:58,500
for today's important
sailing trial.
393
00:22:01,840 --> 00:22:04,040
Copy that.
Thank you.
394
00:22:04,040 --> 00:22:05,740
See, we got a little bit
of wind today.
395
00:22:05,740 --> 00:22:08,580
Might be good sailing.
396
00:22:08,580 --> 00:22:11,910
Below deck, chief engineer
Richard Tatlow can monitor
397
00:22:11,910 --> 00:22:14,250
Black Pearl's
cutting-edge propeller system
398
00:22:14,250 --> 00:22:16,780
from its nerve center,
engine control.
399
00:22:16,790 --> 00:22:18,790
As you can see
under the water here,
400
00:22:18,790 --> 00:22:21,320
our propeller
is obviously rotating,
401
00:22:21,320 --> 00:22:23,920
providing propulsion
for the vessel.
402
00:22:23,930 --> 00:22:30,100
Currently, we have a pitch
of around about 70%.
403
00:22:30,100 --> 00:22:33,030
So we have... there's the shaft
line, and there's the blades,
404
00:22:33,040 --> 00:22:34,940
and we have about
that much pitch on it.
405
00:22:34,940 --> 00:22:38,000
And things are looking
pretty good.
406
00:22:38,010 --> 00:22:41,780
As the Black Pearl goes through
her extraordinary metamorphosis
407
00:22:41,780 --> 00:22:44,910
and her spectacular
sailing apparatus emerges,
408
00:22:44,910 --> 00:22:47,210
will the propellers pitch
as necessary,
409
00:22:47,220 --> 00:22:51,890
or will they be a huge drag
as the ship aims to set records?
410
00:23:09,100 --> 00:23:10,970
The Black Pearl is
about to embark
411
00:23:10,970 --> 00:23:13,170
on an important sailing trial.
412
00:23:13,180 --> 00:23:15,580
In order to reach its peak
performance,
413
00:23:15,580 --> 00:23:18,250
the team needs to test
the pitching propellers
414
00:23:18,250 --> 00:23:21,280
inspired by frank Caldwell's
brilliant aerospace
415
00:23:21,280 --> 00:23:23,320
engineering concepts.
416
00:23:23,320 --> 00:23:25,290
We would like to set
sails in 10 minutes.
417
00:23:25,290 --> 00:23:26,450
Is everything away?
418
00:23:26,460 --> 00:23:28,190
Yeah, we're all set, Chris.
419
00:23:28,190 --> 00:23:31,630
No problems.
Just living the dream.
420
00:23:31,630 --> 00:23:34,530
The nearly 4-foot-wide
controlled-pitch propellers
421
00:23:34,530 --> 00:23:37,960
go through a change coordinated
with the opening of the sails
422
00:23:37,970 --> 00:23:41,440
in order to complete this
streamlined sailing machine.
423
00:23:44,170 --> 00:23:47,110
From a 70%-pitched
motoring position,
424
00:23:47,110 --> 00:23:49,010
the blades are
electronically feathered
425
00:23:49,010 --> 00:23:51,450
to what's known as zero pitch.
426
00:23:53,650 --> 00:23:56,520
So, now you can see the props
are no longer turning.
427
00:23:56,520 --> 00:23:59,190
The blades are in
a feathered position,
428
00:23:59,190 --> 00:24:01,860
in their least
resistant position.
429
00:24:01,860 --> 00:24:04,560
So now we're sailing, and we're
dragging them through the water,
430
00:24:04,560 --> 00:24:06,860
and they are not
slowing us down any.
431
00:24:09,100 --> 00:24:12,000
The water flows so
efficiently over the blades,
432
00:24:12,000 --> 00:24:15,870
Black Pearl's sailing speed
is increased by two knots.
433
00:24:15,870 --> 00:24:18,370
However, the propeller's
ingenious engineering
434
00:24:18,370 --> 00:24:20,670
doesn't end there.
435
00:24:20,680 --> 00:24:22,140
On this giant boat,
436
00:24:22,140 --> 00:24:26,150
which consumes the same
electricity as 25 family homes,
437
00:24:26,150 --> 00:24:28,980
the propeller's pitch can be
altered to generate power
438
00:24:28,980 --> 00:24:31,380
when under sail.
439
00:24:31,390 --> 00:24:34,620
We can turn them
into a form of a turbine.
440
00:24:34,620 --> 00:24:36,290
Because we can control
the pitch,
441
00:24:36,290 --> 00:24:40,360
we can allow them to rotate,
and as they rotate,
442
00:24:40,360 --> 00:24:42,760
they couple together
on the main shaft line
443
00:24:42,760 --> 00:24:44,160
into an electric motor.
444
00:24:44,170 --> 00:24:46,700
We can then generate
electricity.
445
00:24:46,700 --> 00:24:50,170
And the Black Pearl needs all
the electricity she can get
446
00:24:50,170 --> 00:24:51,910
because she's loaded
to the gills
447
00:24:51,910 --> 00:24:54,010
with cutting-edge technology.
448
00:24:57,210 --> 00:24:59,380
The main hub
is the ship's bridge,
449
00:24:59,380 --> 00:25:00,850
where captain Chris Gartner
450
00:25:00,850 --> 00:25:05,450
has some of this mind-blowing
equipment at his disposal.
451
00:25:05,450 --> 00:25:07,490
I think
the sailing station is really
452
00:25:07,490 --> 00:25:09,790
what makes this boat special.
453
00:25:09,790 --> 00:25:12,090
Nothing in the world has this.
454
00:25:12,090 --> 00:25:15,660
In order to sail the boat,
it requires one person.
455
00:25:15,660 --> 00:25:20,600
We can control all masts
and turn the rigs all at once,
456
00:25:20,600 --> 00:25:23,040
or just an individual one.
457
00:25:23,040 --> 00:25:24,840
This page here is how we control
458
00:25:24,840 --> 00:25:28,380
which sails we would like to set
at that particular moment.
459
00:25:28,380 --> 00:25:34,780
So you just simply select them,
and we'll be able to deploy
460
00:25:34,780 --> 00:25:38,920
all the sail area
in less than seven minutes.
461
00:25:41,590 --> 00:25:44,860
This automated rig
is one of a kind,
462
00:25:44,860 --> 00:25:46,330
but its mammoth proportions
463
00:25:46,330 --> 00:25:49,460
create a big problem
for its engineers.
464
00:25:49,460 --> 00:25:52,500
The huge masts
and Black Pearl's sheer scale
465
00:25:52,500 --> 00:25:56,800
places the body of
the ship under immense pressure.
466
00:25:56,810 --> 00:25:59,610
As far as
the Black Pearl, with the hull,
467
00:25:59,610 --> 00:26:01,510
with its length overall,
468
00:26:01,510 --> 00:26:04,010
all the forces get exerted
onto the boat itself
469
00:26:04,010 --> 00:26:07,180
by the rigs, the sea.
470
00:26:07,180 --> 00:26:11,350
There is a lot of twisting
and a lot of movement.
471
00:26:11,350 --> 00:26:13,720
The engineers need
a lightweight material
472
00:26:13,720 --> 00:26:16,720
to competitively race,
but for a boat this size,
473
00:26:16,730 --> 00:26:18,690
if it's not
exceptionally strong,
474
00:26:18,690 --> 00:26:21,190
the entire hull could fail.
475
00:26:21,200 --> 00:26:22,560
If it does go wrong,
476
00:26:22,560 --> 00:26:23,960
not only could it be
catastrophic for the boat,
477
00:26:23,970 --> 00:26:26,900
but it could be tragic
for someone's life.
478
00:26:26,900 --> 00:26:29,140
Can the pioneers of
the past help out
479
00:26:29,140 --> 00:26:31,740
with this seemingly
impossible problem?
480
00:26:41,620 --> 00:26:46,520
The solution for the Black Pearl
lies in Philadelphia.
481
00:26:46,520 --> 00:26:49,360
Local historian Max Kaiserman
is discovering
482
00:26:49,360 --> 00:26:51,390
a maritime game changer
483
00:26:51,390 --> 00:26:55,900
borne from necessity in
the aftermath of the civil war.
484
00:26:55,900 --> 00:26:58,260
The civil war had destroyed
485
00:26:58,270 --> 00:27:01,170
most of what was left
of the old sailing Navy,
486
00:27:01,170 --> 00:27:03,640
and they really
hadn't rebuilt yet.
487
00:27:03,640 --> 00:27:05,810
The ships that were still left
in the U.S. Navy
488
00:27:05,810 --> 00:27:09,310
in early 1880s
were wooden ships.
489
00:27:09,310 --> 00:27:11,240
The U.S. Navy really
needed to step up
490
00:27:11,250 --> 00:27:13,480
to a more modern material.
491
00:27:15,480 --> 00:27:18,180
It was secretary of
the Navy William Chandler
492
00:27:18,190 --> 00:27:21,390
who came up with the solution,
a new breed of ship
493
00:27:21,390 --> 00:27:24,420
constructed with
a revolutionary material.
494
00:27:30,270 --> 00:27:33,170
So, what we're standing next to
is the U.S.S. Olympia.
495
00:27:33,170 --> 00:27:37,270
She's the oldest steel warship
left in the world.
496
00:27:37,270 --> 00:27:41,410
The shift from wood to iron
to steel was monumental.
497
00:27:41,410 --> 00:27:42,910
Iron was brittle.
498
00:27:42,910 --> 00:27:49,080
Wood was incredibly costly
and weak compared to steel.
499
00:27:49,080 --> 00:27:51,480
Made by chemically
modifying iron,
500
00:27:51,490 --> 00:27:54,690
steel is incredibly
strong and light.
501
00:27:54,690 --> 00:27:58,220
Much of Olympia's hull
is under an inch thick,
502
00:27:58,230 --> 00:27:59,960
the perfect lightweight solution
503
00:27:59,960 --> 00:28:02,900
for her high-speed
seaborne operations.
504
00:28:02,900 --> 00:28:04,700
The Olympia represents,
actually,
505
00:28:04,700 --> 00:28:08,300
an entirely new type
of Navy and a hull
506
00:28:08,300 --> 00:28:12,310
that was able to withstand
hurricanes, high seas,
507
00:28:12,310 --> 00:28:15,340
and armor-piercing shells
from other ships.
508
00:28:20,720 --> 00:28:22,150
In the depths of the hull,
509
00:28:22,150 --> 00:28:25,490
the malleable quality of steel
comes into its own.
510
00:28:27,560 --> 00:28:29,890
The steel here
is curved into place.
511
00:28:29,890 --> 00:28:31,260
It can be welded.
512
00:28:31,260 --> 00:28:34,660
You can see where the plates
are riveted together.
513
00:28:34,660 --> 00:28:37,100
None of that's possible
with wood.
514
00:28:37,100 --> 00:28:40,030
It's almost impossible
with iron.
515
00:28:40,040 --> 00:28:43,200
Her sleek lines
and super-lightweight steel hull
516
00:28:43,210 --> 00:28:45,870
enabled Olympia to steam
at 10 knots
517
00:28:45,870 --> 00:28:50,380
for almost 15,000 miles
without refueling.
518
00:28:50,380 --> 00:28:51,850
And in the heat of battle,
519
00:28:51,850 --> 00:28:56,550
this new material offered
unprecedented protection.
520
00:28:56,550 --> 00:28:57,820
Where we are now is actually
521
00:28:57,820 --> 00:28:59,820
one of the few places
that's armored.
522
00:28:59,820 --> 00:29:03,960
Around the 5-inch guns
is about five inches thick.
523
00:29:03,960 --> 00:29:07,160
This steel armor could protect
beyond anything wood
524
00:29:07,160 --> 00:29:09,960
or iron could do.
525
00:29:09,970 --> 00:29:13,470
By 1898,
the trailblazing steel ships
526
00:29:13,470 --> 00:29:16,470
had transformed the U.S. Navy
from obscurity
527
00:29:16,470 --> 00:29:20,340
to a global military power.
528
00:29:20,340 --> 00:29:23,740
I think Olympia is a marvel
of engineering.
529
00:29:27,320 --> 00:29:30,650
But the Black Pearl
is bigger and badder.
530
00:29:30,650 --> 00:29:32,590
To apply the brilliant
engineering
531
00:29:32,590 --> 00:29:34,490
behind the U.S.S. Olympia,
532
00:29:34,490 --> 00:29:37,560
the designers behind
this built-for-speed megayacht
533
00:29:37,560 --> 00:29:39,590
will have to supersize.
534
00:29:55,910 --> 00:29:58,980
Thanks to American
visionary William Chandler,
535
00:29:58,980 --> 00:30:01,480
steel has enabled
Black Pearl's engineers
536
00:30:01,480 --> 00:30:05,250
to build the largest
sailing yacht in the world.
537
00:30:05,250 --> 00:30:08,660
With 21st-century technology
at their disposal,
538
00:30:08,660 --> 00:30:12,590
this cutting-edge giant is
longer than the U.S.S. Olympia,
539
00:30:12,590 --> 00:30:14,730
but at 3,300 tons,
540
00:30:14,730 --> 00:30:18,870
it's virtually half
the historic ship's weight.
541
00:30:18,870 --> 00:30:21,470
And it's still
remarkably strong.
542
00:30:24,340 --> 00:30:26,340
As far as the material
used in the Black Pearl,
543
00:30:26,340 --> 00:30:28,740
steel is definitely
the best choice.
544
00:30:28,740 --> 00:30:31,850
You know, there's the safety
favors, the strength factors,
545
00:30:31,850 --> 00:30:34,480
and it certainly resists
so much,
546
00:30:34,480 --> 00:30:36,020
you know, from corrosion.
547
00:30:36,020 --> 00:30:41,120
It's not so affected by
the elements of the saltwater.
548
00:30:41,120 --> 00:30:43,160
The 790-ton hull
549
00:30:43,160 --> 00:30:46,290
carries over
1,400 tons of outfitting weight
550
00:30:46,290 --> 00:30:50,000
and 330 tons of ballast.
551
00:30:50,000 --> 00:30:52,200
Its unique shape took 14 months
552
00:30:52,200 --> 00:30:56,000
to construct in a Rotterdam
shipyard in the Netherlands.
553
00:30:56,000 --> 00:30:57,670
The flexible quality of steel
554
00:30:57,670 --> 00:31:00,370
as thin as eight millimeters
allowed engineers
555
00:31:00,380 --> 00:31:03,510
to form a streamlined hull
built for speed.
556
00:31:03,510 --> 00:31:06,350
A lightweight aluminum
superstructure
557
00:31:06,350 --> 00:31:10,650
saves vital weight,
delivering the impossible,
558
00:31:10,650 --> 00:31:17,020
a 350-foot-long superyacht
designed to break records.
559
00:31:17,030 --> 00:31:19,430
But perhaps the standout
engineering
560
00:31:19,430 --> 00:31:24,060
is Black Pearl's
one-of-a-kind bow.
561
00:31:24,070 --> 00:31:26,370
The special thing about this is,
as you can see,
562
00:31:26,370 --> 00:31:27,870
it doesn't look like
any other bow
563
00:31:27,870 --> 00:31:30,940
you'll see on any other
motorboat or sailing boat.
564
00:31:30,940 --> 00:31:33,870
The shape of the bow
at the lower end
565
00:31:33,880 --> 00:31:37,140
makes her very efficient
through the waves.
566
00:31:37,150 --> 00:31:41,150
Instead of riding through them,
she tends to ride over them,
567
00:31:41,150 --> 00:31:42,820
but it's fine enough
at the same time
568
00:31:42,820 --> 00:31:45,050
that she'll slice through
whatever you get,
569
00:31:45,050 --> 00:31:48,550
but it just means
she's much faster.
570
00:31:48,560 --> 00:31:51,060
I think when everyone sees
how efficient this bow is,
571
00:31:51,060 --> 00:31:53,830
it would be a bit silly
if someone didn't copy it.
572
00:31:56,900 --> 00:32:00,800
Black Pearl's design
is so advanced,
573
00:32:00,800 --> 00:32:03,900
its team is targeting
the 30-knot barrier,
574
00:32:03,910 --> 00:32:06,740
a first for a sailing yacht
of this size.
575
00:32:09,640 --> 00:32:13,650
It excites me a lot to be
a part of this
576
00:32:13,650 --> 00:32:15,110
to try to break these records.
577
00:32:15,120 --> 00:32:19,290
It's just an amazing, amazing,
amazing sailboat.
578
00:32:28,100 --> 00:32:30,700
But a new, ambitious
transatlantic goal
579
00:32:30,700 --> 00:32:34,600
presents more challenges for the
world's largest sailing yacht.
580
00:32:37,170 --> 00:32:39,670
But to make its Mark,
this audacious yacht
581
00:32:39,670 --> 00:32:43,010
must have staying power at sea.
582
00:32:43,010 --> 00:32:44,880
Millions of dollars
have been pumped
583
00:32:44,880 --> 00:32:46,380
into innovative technology
584
00:32:46,380 --> 00:32:51,320
developed to make
Black Pearl self-sufficient.
585
00:32:51,320 --> 00:32:53,350
So, as you can imagine,
on Black Pearl,
586
00:32:53,360 --> 00:32:55,690
water consumption
can be quite high.
587
00:32:55,690 --> 00:32:58,190
So what we do is,
we try and minimize
588
00:32:58,190 --> 00:32:59,860
that as much as possible.
589
00:32:59,860 --> 00:33:01,630
So this is actually raw sewage
590
00:33:01,630 --> 00:33:04,130
that's being compressed
through a membrane system,
591
00:33:04,130 --> 00:33:08,840
then a series of fine filters
through a treatment plant.
592
00:33:08,840 --> 00:33:11,870
That water is just used for
basically washing down the boat,
593
00:33:11,870 --> 00:33:14,670
but apparently... I have been
told by the manufacturers
594
00:33:14,680 --> 00:33:16,680
that you can drink it.
595
00:33:16,680 --> 00:33:19,110
And, no, I haven't been
brave enough to try.
596
00:33:21,950 --> 00:33:23,950
Black Pearl's
sustainable systems
597
00:33:23,950 --> 00:33:26,920
and regenerating propellers
are cutting-edge,
598
00:33:26,920 --> 00:33:28,790
but even these aren't
enough to cope
599
00:33:28,790 --> 00:33:31,260
with the owner's latest
audacious goal,
600
00:33:31,260 --> 00:33:35,090
a fossil fuel-free
transatlantic crossing.
601
00:33:35,100 --> 00:33:37,500
To cross the Atlantic
with zero fossil fuels
602
00:33:37,500 --> 00:33:39,100
means that we need
to manage the power
603
00:33:39,100 --> 00:33:42,500
on the boat very carefully.
604
00:33:42,500 --> 00:33:44,470
We have all the comforts
of home,
605
00:33:44,470 --> 00:33:47,210
and we want to try
and keep them going.
606
00:33:47,210 --> 00:33:49,840
On a megayacht with
the same energy demands
607
00:33:49,840 --> 00:33:54,280
as a small residential street,
completing a 12-day, zero-carbon
608
00:33:54,280 --> 00:33:57,820
crossing seems
an impossible challenge.
609
00:33:57,820 --> 00:34:00,420
But an out-of-this-world
historic innovation
610
00:34:00,420 --> 00:34:02,590
could offer
a sustainable solution
611
00:34:02,590 --> 00:34:05,360
for the world's biggest
sailing yacht.
612
00:34:21,040 --> 00:34:24,340
To make it across the Atlantic
without a carbon footprint,
613
00:34:24,350 --> 00:34:26,880
engineers behind the Black Pearl
sailing yacht
614
00:34:26,880 --> 00:34:30,580
are taking inspiration
from an unlikely source...
615
00:34:30,590 --> 00:34:32,320
Early satellites.
616
00:34:41,860 --> 00:34:45,470
Physicist Suzie Sheehy
is visiting Brittany in France,
617
00:34:45,470 --> 00:34:48,500
discovering how the answer
to the Black Pearl's
618
00:34:48,500 --> 00:34:51,100
power problems
originated in the stars.
619
00:34:51,110 --> 00:34:52,910
At the moment,
there's about 2,000
620
00:34:52,910 --> 00:34:54,540
satellites orbiting the earth,
621
00:34:54,540 --> 00:34:58,480
and they're doing everything
from TV to data communications.
622
00:34:58,480 --> 00:35:00,780
But of course,
they weren't always up there.
623
00:35:04,490 --> 00:35:08,350
This radome is at the
Pleumeur-Bodou telecom center,
624
00:35:08,360 --> 00:35:10,560
and this has
an incredible history
625
00:35:10,560 --> 00:35:13,430
in the development
of satellite telecommunications.
626
00:35:13,430 --> 00:35:16,700
It's absolutely incredible,
and it's enormous!
627
00:35:20,030 --> 00:35:21,570
During the 1950s,
628
00:35:21,570 --> 00:35:25,670
a new era
of space exploration unfolded.
629
00:35:25,670 --> 00:35:27,340
And with it came the potential
630
00:35:27,340 --> 00:35:31,140
to transform
global communications.
631
00:35:31,150 --> 00:35:34,450
Early satellite experiments
successfully relayed signals
632
00:35:34,450 --> 00:35:36,580
to and from space.
633
00:35:36,580 --> 00:35:41,350
It wasn't long before
the global stage was beckoning.
634
00:35:41,360 --> 00:35:42,920
Engineers in the U.S.
635
00:35:42,920 --> 00:35:44,960
Came up with an ambitious
new project.
636
00:35:44,960 --> 00:35:47,360
They wanted to send
live TV images
637
00:35:47,360 --> 00:35:49,800
from the U.S.
to Europe and beyond.
638
00:35:49,800 --> 00:35:51,560
So this is what
they came up with.
639
00:35:51,570 --> 00:35:54,830
This is Telstar, which is a
global communications satellite.
640
00:35:54,840 --> 00:35:57,140
It can take live images
from the U.S.
641
00:35:57,140 --> 00:35:59,640
Up into space and back
down to Europe,
642
00:35:59,640 --> 00:36:03,610
transmitting them
across the earth.
643
00:36:03,610 --> 00:36:05,080
But achieving this meant
644
00:36:05,080 --> 00:36:07,580
overcoming a massive problem.
645
00:36:07,580 --> 00:36:10,880
Like Black Pearl sailing
across the vast oceans,
646
00:36:10,890 --> 00:36:14,490
to be viable, Telstar had to be
totally self-sufficient
647
00:36:14,490 --> 00:36:18,790
in the isolated vacuum of space.
648
00:36:18,790 --> 00:36:21,360
Early satellites were
powered by batteries,
649
00:36:21,360 --> 00:36:23,460
and in orbit,
they'd only last a week
650
00:36:23,460 --> 00:36:26,600
or sometimes days before
the battery would go flat.
651
00:36:26,600 --> 00:36:29,000
So to keep the satellites
up there for longer,
652
00:36:29,000 --> 00:36:31,540
scientists had to come up
with a new solution.
653
00:36:33,740 --> 00:36:38,640
In 1954, bell lab engineers
Calvin Fuller, Gerald Pearson,
654
00:36:38,650 --> 00:36:42,080
and Daryl Chapin were developing
silicon transistors
655
00:36:42,080 --> 00:36:45,520
when they made
an unexpected discovery.
656
00:36:45,520 --> 00:36:48,390
One of their transistors began
producing electricity
657
00:36:48,390 --> 00:36:51,190
when exposed to light.
658
00:36:51,190 --> 00:36:52,760
Silicon had the potential
659
00:36:52,760 --> 00:36:57,800
to produce the first practical
form of solar power.
660
00:36:57,800 --> 00:37:01,600
A section between differentially
charged silicon layers acts
661
00:37:01,600 --> 00:37:04,400
as a junction,
allowing electrons to migrate,
662
00:37:04,410 --> 00:37:09,880
creating an electric field,
a process stimulated by light.
663
00:37:09,880 --> 00:37:11,740
And it's the flow of those
electrons
664
00:37:11,750 --> 00:37:13,650
that provides
an electric current
665
00:37:13,650 --> 00:37:17,920
which allows us to do work,
such as powering a calculator.
666
00:37:17,920 --> 00:37:20,650
And you can see there's actually
a couple of little solar cells
667
00:37:20,660 --> 00:37:24,120
just on the top
of the calculator here.
668
00:37:24,130 --> 00:37:26,860
The infinite power
of the silicon solar cell
669
00:37:26,860 --> 00:37:30,600
was the perfect solution
for space.
670
00:37:30,600 --> 00:37:33,700
But can engineers utilize
the same technology
671
00:37:33,700 --> 00:37:36,940
to keep the Black Pearl
powered up at sea?
672
00:37:55,590 --> 00:37:59,260
In 1962, the Telstar
satellite was launched,
673
00:37:59,260 --> 00:38:01,790
equipped with a game-changing
innovation...
674
00:38:01,800 --> 00:38:05,770
Silicon solar cells.
675
00:38:05,770 --> 00:38:09,540
They actually coated
Telstar with 3,600 solar cells
676
00:38:09,540 --> 00:38:13,040
mounted on platinum and coated
with sapphire to protect them
677
00:38:13,040 --> 00:38:15,980
from the high levels
of radiation in space.
678
00:38:15,980 --> 00:38:19,850
And that allowed it to produce
about 14 watts of power,
679
00:38:19,850 --> 00:38:23,420
enough for it to relay
about 600 telephone calls
680
00:38:23,420 --> 00:38:25,380
and a live TV feed.
681
00:38:29,720 --> 00:38:31,960
To complete a historic live
682
00:38:31,960 --> 00:38:34,030
transatlantic satellite
broadcast,
683
00:38:34,030 --> 00:38:37,300
Telstar received signals
from the United States,
684
00:38:37,300 --> 00:38:40,830
magnified them by 10 billion
before beaming them here
685
00:38:40,840 --> 00:38:44,340
to France's
mammoth telecom center.
686
00:38:44,340 --> 00:38:46,970
This antenna is the first place
687
00:38:46,970 --> 00:38:49,680
that received the signal
from Telstar.
688
00:38:49,680 --> 00:38:51,840
They actually transmitted a TV
broadcast
689
00:38:51,850 --> 00:38:53,510
featuring president Kennedy.
690
00:38:53,510 --> 00:38:55,720
I understand that part of
today's press conference
691
00:38:55,720 --> 00:38:59,850
is being relayed by the Telstar
communication satellite
692
00:38:59,850 --> 00:39:03,760
to viewers across the Atlantic,
and this is another indication
693
00:39:03,760 --> 00:39:06,830
of the extraordinary world
in which we live.
694
00:39:06,830 --> 00:39:09,830
The success of Telstar helped
demonstrate
695
00:39:09,830 --> 00:39:13,100
how good solar technology was,
not just up in space,
696
00:39:13,100 --> 00:39:15,200
but also down here on earth.
697
00:39:26,080 --> 00:39:29,150
From the vacuum
of space to the vast seas,
698
00:39:29,150 --> 00:39:31,450
Black Pearl's engineers
have been inspired
699
00:39:31,450 --> 00:39:34,890
to develop
their own solar technology.
700
00:39:34,890 --> 00:39:36,460
Their ambitious goal...
701
00:39:36,460 --> 00:39:39,730
To sail the world's largest
yacht across the Atlantic
702
00:39:39,730 --> 00:39:41,960
without burning any fossil fuel.
703
00:39:41,960 --> 00:39:43,460
One of the solutions we've been
looking at
704
00:39:43,460 --> 00:39:48,200
for the last few years is
to put solar cells on the sails.
705
00:39:48,200 --> 00:39:50,300
Firstly, we need to consider
the weight,
706
00:39:50,300 --> 00:39:51,970
we need to consider
the flexibility,
707
00:39:51,970 --> 00:39:54,310
and we need to consider
the cable connections.
708
00:39:54,310 --> 00:39:57,380
So that takes us to a technology
which is called cigs,
709
00:39:57,380 --> 00:40:01,710
which is about the thickness
of a piece of paper.
710
00:40:01,720 --> 00:40:04,080
At just half a millimeter thick,
711
00:40:04,090 --> 00:40:05,550
the engineers plan to bond
712
00:40:05,550 --> 00:40:07,650
this super-lightweight
cutting-edge system
713
00:40:07,660 --> 00:40:12,460
to Black Pearl's sails without
compromising their performance.
714
00:40:12,460 --> 00:40:15,690
The solar cells.
It's very, very flexible.
715
00:40:15,700 --> 00:40:18,930
We can easily get the rotation
on the sail.
716
00:40:18,930 --> 00:40:21,570
We'll probably end up,
if we're lucky,
717
00:40:21,570 --> 00:40:24,170
at 50% of that with solar cells.
718
00:40:26,140 --> 00:40:30,310
That's about 15,000
square feet of solar technology
719
00:40:30,310 --> 00:40:33,850
mounted on Black Pearl's
15 sails,
720
00:40:33,850 --> 00:40:37,020
set to deliver around
22% efficiency
721
00:40:37,020 --> 00:40:42,350
through a network of cabling
to the ship's 384 batteries.
722
00:40:42,360 --> 00:40:46,290
We should get enough power
to run the vessel
723
00:40:46,290 --> 00:40:49,300
with all the crew on board
and all systems running,
724
00:40:49,300 --> 00:40:53,230
which means we should get around
about 160 to 170 kilowatt-hours.
725
00:40:53,230 --> 00:40:58,340
It's enough to provide us with
enough power to run the boat
726
00:40:58,340 --> 00:41:01,140
without the requirement
for fossil fuels.
727
00:41:03,280 --> 00:41:05,710
When it happens, it will be
an amazing piece of engineering
728
00:41:05,710 --> 00:41:08,710
and it'll be phenomenal
to see it,
729
00:41:08,720 --> 00:41:12,120
and it's just one more step
that we're taking in the future
730
00:41:12,120 --> 00:41:14,550
to making the boat
a little bit greener.
731
00:41:23,100 --> 00:41:25,400
By pushing
the engineering envelope,
732
00:41:25,400 --> 00:41:27,870
this team is opening up
the world's oceans
733
00:41:27,870 --> 00:41:30,270
to the remarkable Black Pearl.
734
00:41:35,740 --> 00:41:37,510
Nobody, to my knowledge,
has attempted
735
00:41:37,510 --> 00:41:39,510
to do anything like this before.
736
00:41:39,510 --> 00:41:42,980
No.
This is one of a kind.
737
00:41:42,980 --> 00:41:47,090
Black Pearl is, without
a doubt, the most unique
738
00:41:47,090 --> 00:41:50,820
and best sailing vessel
of her type.
739
00:41:50,830 --> 00:41:53,930
Every day, we go out on
sea trials or sailing.
740
00:41:53,930 --> 00:41:57,130
It still, you know,
gets my heart going.
741
00:41:57,130 --> 00:41:59,100
By building on the work
742
00:41:59,100 --> 00:42:01,570
of the inspirational pioneers
of the past,
743
00:42:01,570 --> 00:42:06,670
adapting, and making
discoveries of their own,
744
00:42:06,670 --> 00:42:12,310
the engineers are succeeding in
making the impossible possible.
745
00:42:12,310 --> 00:42:14,950
To be part of a project
that is so groundbreaking,
746
00:42:14,950 --> 00:42:17,250
like the Black Pearl is,
is super exciting,
747
00:42:17,250 --> 00:42:19,850
and I can't wait to continue on
748
00:42:19,850 --> 00:42:22,020
and make this one
of the most famous boats
749
00:42:22,020 --> 00:42:23,790
ever to sail the seas.
60509
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.