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Today on
"Impossible Engineering"...
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The littoral combat ships,
the U.S. Navy's
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00:00:05,570 --> 00:00:07,370
fastest combat vessels.
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00:00:07,370 --> 00:00:10,010
If you're a pirate
or you're a drug runner
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00:00:10,010 --> 00:00:11,840
and you see that ship
coming towards ya,
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it's time to shut
down your engines
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and put up your hands.
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00:00:14,510 --> 00:00:18,250
To create a vessel
in a class all its own.
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She's basically one of a kind
as far as warships goes.
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I am sailing a ship
that's unprecedented.
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Engineers had to turn
to the pioneering
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00:00:26,290 --> 00:00:27,990
innovations of the past.
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00:00:27,990 --> 00:00:29,430
Here we go.
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Yes!
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00:00:31,160 --> 00:00:32,730
If these engines
were to cut out,
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00:00:32,730 --> 00:00:35,500
this boat would be
in serious trouble.
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Oh, ho, ho!
This is really incredible.
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What an amazing airplane.
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That made
the impossible possible.
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... Captions by vitac...
www.Vitac.Com
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captions paid for by
discovery communications
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the U.S. Navy has the largest
sea force on the planet.
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Throughout its over
240-year history,
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its ships have carried
out operations
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in the deep blue waters
of the world's oceans.
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But today the Navy's
assignments are evolving.
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Gone are the days
of open-water blue Navy battles.
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Many of the places
where we need to be as a Navy
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are in coastal regions.
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To combat problems
such as piracy,
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people-trafficking,
and aid distribution,
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the fleet must operate
in shallow coastal waters,
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known as the littorals.
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To navigate waters
close to the shore,
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shipbuilding program manager
captain Tom Anderson
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had to construct
a particular type of ship.
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To operate effectively
in the littorals...
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We need a high-speed ship,
and it's gotta be adaptable.
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It's gotta be capable
of doing multiple missions.
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That's our challenge.
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It's a challenge
that chief engineer
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lieutenant Damon Gilbert also
had to overcome.
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The ideal ship
for this environment
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would be a ship that's light,
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a ship that has
a very shallow draft,
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and a ship
that can handle itself
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and move very quickly.
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The solution...
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The littoral combat ship class.
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Made up of both
the mono-hull freedom variant
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and the trimaran
independence variant,
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this revolutionary class of ship
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is at the vanguard
of marine engineering.
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This is gonna change the face
of how we operate inside
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those waters for years to come.
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Built for speed,
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both the freedom
variant semi-plaining hull
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and the independence
variant's trimaran design
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create ultra
hydrodynamic efficiency.
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Using lightweight aluminum,
powered by an innovative
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propulsion system,
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each ship can travel
over 45 miles per hour
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in only 14 feet of water.
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It's capable of being
reconfigured
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for multiple missions,
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and it's able to
deploy smaller boats.
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A vast helicopter pad also
extends the crew's reach.
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But to produce
a high-performance,
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fast-moving fleet
for shallow waters,
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the ship's designers
had to create
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the most effective
propulsion system.
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The problem was standard
propeller systems
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significantly push the ship
below the water line
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and require much deeper waters.
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If you want to chase down a ship
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or you want to elude
another vessel
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to get out of danger,
you want to be able
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to maneuver
as quickly as possible.
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So how do you propel
a ship this fast
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in near swimming-pool depths?
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This would not have
been possible
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without a breakthrough
innovation from the past.
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Humans have always
needed to navigate
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the world's shallow waterways.
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Initially, we used arm
power to paddle.
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It was effective, but tiring.
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Arg!
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Out of the way!
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Oh!
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The vikings added a sail
to conquer the coastlines.
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This worked well, but...
Huh?
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Only when there was wind.
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Gah!
for Odin's sake!
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With its small draft, the paddle
steamer seemed to be the answer.
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Well, I do declare...
vikings!
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But they had
significant problems.
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Oh, my!
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In the 1940s,
the introduction of air boats
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brought high-speed travel
to the everglades.
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Whee!
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Oh, no!
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Whoa!
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But a better system was needed.
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Show-off!
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In the Grand Canyon,
mechanical engineer Dan Dickrell
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is riding upstream on
the Colorado river
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to reveal one of history's
great engineering achievements.
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The beautiful noise you hear
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right now
is two 550-horsepower
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8.3-liter engines
pushing this 20-ton boat
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up these crazy, crazy rapids.
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If these engines
were to cut out,
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this boat would be in serious,
serious trouble.
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But the key to driving
against the current
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isn't in the engines.
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It's due to a pioneering
propulsion system.
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Getting to places
where others can't,
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in extremely shallow water,
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was born out of the imagination
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of someone whose
childhood desire
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was to challenge the rapids
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and go where no one else could.
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To do this,
New Zealand-born
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00:06:24,750 --> 00:06:26,380
inventor William Hamilton
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00:06:26,390 --> 00:06:28,250
needed to overcome
the limitations
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00:06:28,250 --> 00:06:30,050
of standard motorboats.
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Now, Hamilton had
a problem with this.
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Because the waters he wanted
to to go on were too shallow.
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00:06:39,800 --> 00:06:45,170
Huge rocks would effectively
wreck this crude propeller.
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So Hamilton got rid
of the propeller altogether.
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In 1954, he commissioned
a plywood boat
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and attached a centrifugal pump
to its engine,
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creating a unique water-driven
jet propulsion system.
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00:07:02,320 --> 00:07:03,890
How the Hamilton jet
motor functions
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00:07:03,890 --> 00:07:06,020
is around the middle
of the boat,
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00:07:06,030 --> 00:07:08,690
there's an intake
that brings water in
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00:07:08,700 --> 00:07:11,360
from whatever body of water
the vessel is navigating.
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Hamilton's uses an impeller
that's spinning very fast
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00:07:15,470 --> 00:07:18,870
to greatly accelerate
this stream of water.
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00:07:18,870 --> 00:07:21,240
That water is highly
turbulent and twisty.
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00:07:21,240 --> 00:07:23,640
And so the Hamilton passes
the water through a series
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00:07:23,640 --> 00:07:26,910
of stator vanes,
creating a uniform,
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00:07:26,910 --> 00:07:30,780
but high-velocity jet.
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00:07:30,780 --> 00:07:33,650
And in 1960,
Hamilton tested his bold
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00:07:33,650 --> 00:07:37,020
water jet design
at the Grand Canyon.
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Hamilton vowed to be the first
to take a vessel up
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a 160 kilometer section of this
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notoriously unnavigable
Colorado river.
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Now, it may look calm
right here, but upriver,
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the rapids are crazy.
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He traveled against the current,
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including the notorious
Vulcan rapids in just nine days.
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With his son John at the helm,
Hamilton made history
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00:08:02,520 --> 00:08:04,820
and conquered the mighty river.
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- Whoo!
- almost 60 years later,
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Hamilton's water jet's
sheer power...
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This acceleration is intense.
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...And its ability
to navigate shallow waters
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00:08:18,330 --> 00:08:19,660
with the added benefit
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00:08:19,670 --> 00:08:23,100
of mind-blowing maneuverability...
Here we go!
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Yes!
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...Continues to open
up new waters.
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Whoo!
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Thanks to this
spectacular demonstration
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of man versus rapids, this
unique propulsion system
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was embraced across the planet.
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All right, let's go!
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The ships' engineers
have super-sized
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00:09:00,970 --> 00:09:02,970
Hamilton's water jet innovation
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00:09:02,980 --> 00:09:05,640
to create a revolutionary
propulsion system,
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capable of going 45 miles
per hour in shallow waters.
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00:09:13,190 --> 00:09:15,820
The way that this ship achieves
that speed is through the use
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of two gas turbines and
two diesel engines
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that drive a propulsion train
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that is propelled by water jets.
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At Austal U.S.A.'s
shipyard in mobile, Alabama,
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the latest independence
variant, u.S.S. Tulsa,
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is having her jets inspected
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and getting ready for launch.
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When this ship is
going full power,
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there's roughly 24,000 gallons
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per second passing through
these four water jets,
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which equates to the ability
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00:09:45,290 --> 00:09:47,420
to fill two Olympic-sized
swimming pools
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in less than a minute.
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Not only do these massive jets
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generate colossal power,
they also act as a rudder.
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Each water jet is capable
of independently being steered,
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which allows for a lot of
flexibility and maneuverability.
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Like Hamilton's
water jet system,
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water goes through
four mighty impellers
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and discharges at high velocity.
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To steer, each jet's water
flow is deflected
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by a rotating nozzle,
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00:10:20,950 --> 00:10:24,090
enabling fast, agile maneuvers.
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And to reverse, buckets
pivot over the exit nozzles,
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forcing the jet flow backwards.
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Built into the hull,
these massive ships
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can operate in just
14 feet of water.
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300 yards, turn.
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Next course... 309.
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Off the California coast,
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00:10:46,480 --> 00:10:48,710
commander Mark Stefanik
is harnessing
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00:10:48,720 --> 00:10:54,390
this incredible power
aboard the u.S.S. Montgomery.
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00:10:54,390 --> 00:10:58,260
The water jet system allows me
to turn and maneuver the ship
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with much more fidelity
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and a great deal
more responsiveness
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00:11:03,030 --> 00:11:05,030
than a traditional ship.
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00:11:07,070 --> 00:11:11,540
So by creating opposite forces
on either side of the ship,
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I can actually turn the ship
almost on its own axis.
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00:11:17,280 --> 00:11:19,410
I can twist the ship
in a perfect circle
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00:11:19,410 --> 00:11:23,850
because of the amount of control
I have through the water jets.
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00:11:23,850 --> 00:11:27,620
The 100,000-horsepower
propulsion moves this massive
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00:11:27,620 --> 00:11:31,460
ship over 45 miles per hour.
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00:11:31,460 --> 00:11:34,330
This is actually our
full capacity right now.
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You can tell there's quite
a bit of turbulence back there.
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And this vessel
can practically stop on a dime.
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00:11:43,900 --> 00:11:47,810
I've pulled the ship to stern
and go from full speed to zero.
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00:11:47,810 --> 00:11:49,640
It's a very, very smooth
transition.
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00:11:49,640 --> 00:11:52,110
The entire ship just basically
will stop in the water
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00:11:52,110 --> 00:11:54,180
within less than a minute.
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00:11:54,180 --> 00:11:56,410
By using water jet propulsion,
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00:11:56,420 --> 00:11:58,850
at 29 horsepower per ton,
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00:11:58,850 --> 00:12:00,790
compared to
an aircraft carrier's
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00:12:00,790 --> 00:12:02,450
three horsepower per ton,
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00:12:02,460 --> 00:12:04,890
these combat ships
are the most efficient
227
00:12:04,890 --> 00:12:06,360
in the U.S. Navy.
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00:12:06,360 --> 00:12:08,390
It's basically like
driving a jet ski.
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00:12:08,390 --> 00:12:10,390
This ship could actually
maneuver sideways.
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00:12:10,400 --> 00:12:13,030
It could pivot itself
by standing still.
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00:12:13,030 --> 00:12:14,830
That's something
totally different
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00:12:14,830 --> 00:12:17,100
from any other warship
out there.
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00:12:21,810 --> 00:12:24,510
This propulsion system
is unrivaled.
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00:12:24,510 --> 00:12:26,540
But to be truly trailblazing,
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00:12:26,550 --> 00:12:28,880
the designers of these
incredible ships
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00:12:28,880 --> 00:12:31,320
must overcome more hurdles
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00:12:31,320 --> 00:12:33,750
and turn to the innovations
from the past.
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00:12:38,620 --> 00:12:41,190
To make the impossible possible.
239
00:12:54,990 --> 00:12:56,890
The littoral combat ships.
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00:12:56,890 --> 00:12:59,960
These are the fastest and most
agile combat ships
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00:12:59,960 --> 00:13:03,290
in the U.S. Navy.
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00:13:03,290 --> 00:13:05,660
And program manager,
captain Tom Anderson,
243
00:13:05,660 --> 00:13:09,930
believes they are unstoppable.
244
00:13:09,930 --> 00:13:14,170
If you're a pirate
or you're a drug runner
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00:13:14,170 --> 00:13:16,040
and you see that ship
coming towards ya,
246
00:13:16,040 --> 00:13:17,340
it's time to shut
down your engines
247
00:13:17,340 --> 00:13:19,340
and put up your hands.
248
00:13:19,340 --> 00:13:22,080
But to operate
fully armed and at full speed
249
00:13:22,080 --> 00:13:24,810
without getting beached
in shallow waters,
250
00:13:24,820 --> 00:13:29,050
the ships must also be
exceptionally light.
251
00:13:29,050 --> 00:13:31,590
Every pound that goes into
this ship is assessed,
252
00:13:31,590 --> 00:13:33,190
because every pound
that goes into this ship
253
00:13:33,190 --> 00:13:35,390
is an increase in its draft
254
00:13:35,390 --> 00:13:38,330
and a decrease in its speed.
255
00:13:38,330 --> 00:13:40,700
And u.S.S. Freedom's
chief engineer,
256
00:13:40,700 --> 00:13:42,430
lieutenant Damon Gilbert,
257
00:13:42,430 --> 00:13:46,100
had to strike the right balance.
258
00:13:46,100 --> 00:13:48,500
The difficulty we find
with the older ship designs
259
00:13:48,510 --> 00:13:51,310
is the steel hull
with the steel superstructure
260
00:13:51,310 --> 00:13:53,440
makes the ship incredibly heavy.
261
00:13:53,440 --> 00:13:56,950
The less weight we have
equals a smaller draft.
262
00:13:56,950 --> 00:14:00,820
Smaller draft equals
a longer sustainability
263
00:14:00,820 --> 00:14:02,650
without worrying
about running aground,
264
00:14:02,650 --> 00:14:05,150
without worrying about
getting into situations
265
00:14:05,160 --> 00:14:07,160
that we can't come back out of.
266
00:14:07,160 --> 00:14:10,090
So how do you
build a lightweight combat ship
267
00:14:10,090 --> 00:14:14,060
without compromising
on strength or size?
268
00:14:14,060 --> 00:14:15,760
To resolve this conundrum,
269
00:14:15,770 --> 00:14:18,170
the engineers looked
to the past.
270
00:14:26,380 --> 00:14:29,640
Humanity has always strived
to find the perfect material
271
00:14:29,650 --> 00:14:30,880
to stay afloat.
272
00:14:33,220 --> 00:14:35,280
The Tamil fisherman
of south Asia
273
00:14:35,290 --> 00:14:38,490
only need a log under each arm.
274
00:14:38,490 --> 00:14:39,920
Come here!
275
00:14:39,920 --> 00:14:43,220
But when partially
submerged, there was a catch.
276
00:14:43,230 --> 00:14:44,590
Yow!
277
00:14:46,730 --> 00:14:48,430
In the 9th century
B.C.,
278
00:14:48,430 --> 00:14:51,330
Assyrian soldiers lied
on inflatable goat skins
279
00:14:51,330 --> 00:14:53,170
to sneak up on the enemy.
280
00:14:55,670 --> 00:14:56,770
Uh-oh.
281
00:14:56,770 --> 00:14:58,270
Although
they were lightweight...
282
00:15:00,080 --> 00:15:03,010
The skins were vulnerable.
283
00:15:03,010 --> 00:15:06,610
Oof!
uh, hello.
284
00:15:06,620 --> 00:15:07,920
And push.
285
00:15:07,920 --> 00:15:09,980
For some,
Clay was a cheap alternative.
286
00:15:09,990 --> 00:15:13,290
A row of pots
could buoy a raft easily.
287
00:15:13,290 --> 00:15:15,220
Steady.
288
00:15:15,230 --> 00:15:17,060
Look out!
289
00:15:17,060 --> 00:15:18,890
Oh!
290
00:15:18,900 --> 00:15:23,970
But avoiding the rocks
wasn't always possible.
291
00:15:23,970 --> 00:15:25,900
Oh, no!
292
00:15:25,900 --> 00:15:29,170
Shipbuilders needed
a more durable material.
293
00:15:34,950 --> 00:15:38,210
Engineer Dan Dickrell is
in Tulsa, Oklahoma,
294
00:15:38,220 --> 00:15:40,380
unveiling a game-changing marvel
295
00:15:40,380 --> 00:15:43,890
that sparked both a naval
and aviation revolution.
296
00:15:58,000 --> 00:16:01,770
Oh, wow!
What a beautiful airplane.
297
00:16:01,770 --> 00:16:04,010
Such an engineering icon.
298
00:16:08,380 --> 00:16:11,310
This is the DC-3
flagship Detroit.
299
00:16:11,310 --> 00:16:13,780
She was constructed
80 years ago,
300
00:16:13,780 --> 00:16:16,850
the oldest flying DC-3
in the world.
301
00:16:16,850 --> 00:16:18,850
Prior to this stunning machine,
302
00:16:18,860 --> 00:16:22,090
most planes were made of wood.
303
00:16:22,090 --> 00:16:26,690
Although lightweight,
wood broke easily.
304
00:16:26,700 --> 00:16:29,600
And in 1931, a Fokker F.10
305
00:16:29,600 --> 00:16:33,470
lost an entire wing, crashing
into the Kansas prairie,
306
00:16:33,470 --> 00:16:36,400
killing all eight
people on board.
307
00:16:36,410 --> 00:16:40,110
As America reeled,
wood-frame construction ceased,
308
00:16:40,110 --> 00:16:42,610
and engineers had
to turn to metal.
309
00:16:44,810 --> 00:16:47,120
But this transition
was only possible
310
00:16:47,120 --> 00:16:48,720
because of a chance discovery
311
00:16:48,720 --> 00:16:52,790
by German metallurgist
Alfred Wilm.
312
00:16:52,790 --> 00:16:56,560
Different metals also had
different weights between them.
313
00:16:56,560 --> 00:16:58,960
Here we have aluminum,
and here we have steel.
314
00:16:58,960 --> 00:17:02,760
For the same size, steel weighs
about three times as much.
315
00:17:02,770 --> 00:17:04,730
Because of aluminum's
relative light weight,
316
00:17:04,730 --> 00:17:06,730
it seems like the ideal material
317
00:17:06,740 --> 00:17:08,370
to construct aircraft from.
318
00:17:08,370 --> 00:17:11,740
The problem was 100 years ago,
it just wasn't strong enough.
319
00:17:14,610 --> 00:17:17,150
To strengthen it,
Alfred Wilm experimented
320
00:17:17,150 --> 00:17:21,220
with aluminum's chemical makeup.
321
00:17:21,220 --> 00:17:23,320
He introduced
different metals...
322
00:17:23,320 --> 00:17:26,220
manganese,
magnesium, and copper...
323
00:17:26,220 --> 00:17:28,220
in different ratios
to create an alloy.
324
00:17:28,230 --> 00:17:31,930
He heated it to high
temperatures then quenched it.
325
00:17:31,930 --> 00:17:34,800
He repeated this process
over and over again.
326
00:17:34,800 --> 00:17:36,600
Unfortunately...
327
00:17:39,140 --> 00:17:41,100
The aluminum was still
very bendable.
328
00:17:41,100 --> 00:17:42,770
Wilm gave up.
329
00:17:42,770 --> 00:17:45,910
But when he returned to the lab
a few days later,
330
00:17:45,910 --> 00:17:48,440
something extraordinary
had happened,
331
00:17:48,450 --> 00:17:50,350
something so transformative
332
00:17:50,350 --> 00:17:52,150
it would go on to revolutionize
333
00:17:52,150 --> 00:17:54,780
military hardware
across the planet.
334
00:17:54,780 --> 00:17:57,690
It was very strong
and quite literally changed
335
00:17:57,690 --> 00:17:59,290
the face of aviation.
336
00:17:59,290 --> 00:18:02,490
Making this
impossible warship possible.
337
00:18:13,810 --> 00:18:16,470
The littoral combat
ships are the fastest
338
00:18:16,480 --> 00:18:18,280
in the U.S. Navy.
339
00:18:18,280 --> 00:18:20,680
But building attack vessels
that are light enough
340
00:18:20,680 --> 00:18:22,280
to navigate shallow waters
341
00:18:22,280 --> 00:18:24,150
without compromising on speed
342
00:18:24,150 --> 00:18:28,180
or size relies on
a revolutionary discovery.
343
00:18:31,020 --> 00:18:34,320
After experimenting with
an aluminum alloy and giving up,
344
00:18:34,330 --> 00:18:36,060
metallurgist Alfred Wilm
discovered
345
00:18:36,060 --> 00:18:39,530
something completely unexpected
a few days later.
346
00:18:39,530 --> 00:18:42,800
The aluminum...
Had age-hardened.
347
00:18:42,800 --> 00:18:46,100
It was much, much stronger.
348
00:18:46,100 --> 00:18:49,310
Wilm's introduction
of new metals chemically altered
349
00:18:49,310 --> 00:18:52,810
the aluminum's soft
crystals, and, over time,
350
00:18:52,810 --> 00:18:55,280
new minute crystals
had grown within
351
00:18:55,280 --> 00:18:57,750
each one
of the aluminum crystals,
352
00:18:57,750 --> 00:19:00,020
reinforcing the
overall structure.
353
00:19:00,020 --> 00:19:02,850
Wilm called this new
material duraluminium.
354
00:19:02,850 --> 00:19:04,190
It was very strong,
355
00:19:04,190 --> 00:19:07,960
and quite literally changed
the face of aviation.
356
00:19:07,960 --> 00:19:11,430
The new alloy became
known as the winged metal,
357
00:19:11,430 --> 00:19:13,900
and 80 years after
its construction,
358
00:19:13,900 --> 00:19:16,630
this iconic all-aluminum DC-3
359
00:19:16,640 --> 00:19:19,270
is taking to the skies
once more.
360
00:19:37,690 --> 00:19:41,960
First launched in 1935,
the lightweight DC-3s
361
00:19:41,960 --> 00:19:43,360
became the world's first
362
00:19:43,360 --> 00:19:46,060
commercially successful
passenger planes.
363
00:20:19,660 --> 00:20:22,200
Taking inspiration
from aerospace,
364
00:20:22,200 --> 00:20:26,370
L.c.s. freedom variant engineers
have used high-grade aluminum
365
00:20:26,370 --> 00:20:28,810
to create some
of the lightest combat ships
366
00:20:28,810 --> 00:20:31,510
of this size ever built.
367
00:20:31,510 --> 00:20:36,010
The actual hull itself is steel,
where the superstructure
368
00:20:36,010 --> 00:20:38,450
or what we like to call
sometimes the house
369
00:20:38,450 --> 00:20:40,580
where people live
and where all the facilities
370
00:20:40,590 --> 00:20:42,950
are is actually
comprised of aluminum,
371
00:20:42,950 --> 00:20:45,560
thus saving literally
tons of weight,
372
00:20:45,560 --> 00:20:49,360
which has a direct effect
on the draft.
373
00:20:49,360 --> 00:20:54,060
Despite the freedom
variant being 387 feet long
374
00:20:54,070 --> 00:20:56,370
and 57 feet wide
375
00:20:56,370 --> 00:20:59,540
and with a steel hull
and aluminum superstructure,
376
00:20:59,540 --> 00:21:03,570
the ship weights a comparatively
light 4,000 tons
377
00:21:03,580 --> 00:21:06,280
with a draft of only 14 feet.
378
00:21:09,920 --> 00:21:12,220
But engineers on
the independence variant
379
00:21:12,220 --> 00:21:15,620
have gone one big step further.
380
00:21:15,620 --> 00:21:21,520
So the "L" in L.C.S.
Doesn't stand for little.
381
00:21:21,530 --> 00:21:23,890
This ship is the largest
all-aluminum vessel
382
00:21:23,900 --> 00:21:26,560
operating on the seas today.
383
00:21:26,570 --> 00:21:29,300
While constructing
these trimaran mega-ships
384
00:21:29,300 --> 00:21:32,300
in Austal U.S.A.'s
Alabama shipyard,
385
00:21:32,300 --> 00:21:37,070
at 415 feet long and a
colossal 100 feet wide,
386
00:21:37,080 --> 00:21:38,880
every pound counts.
387
00:21:41,210 --> 00:21:45,180
Aluminum has great
strength-to-weight ratio.
388
00:21:45,180 --> 00:21:48,920
It's a third of the density
of steel.
389
00:21:48,920 --> 00:21:51,120
And for the volume of ship
we're building here,
390
00:21:51,120 --> 00:21:53,220
aluminum structure
was the only way
391
00:21:53,230 --> 00:21:56,960
for us to meet speed, range,
392
00:21:56,960 --> 00:21:59,460
and draft requirements.
393
00:22:03,840 --> 00:22:06,700
Taking Alfred Wilm's
approach to the next level,
394
00:22:06,710 --> 00:22:09,440
engineers have adjusted
the aluminum recipe,
395
00:22:09,440 --> 00:22:13,880
preparing the ship
for salty waters.
396
00:22:13,880 --> 00:22:16,080
Aluminum alloys that we used
in construction of this ship
397
00:22:16,080 --> 00:22:18,010
have good corrosive properties,
398
00:22:18,020 --> 00:22:20,050
which means,
unlike other Navy ships
399
00:22:20,050 --> 00:22:22,120
where exposed steel
needs to be painted,
400
00:22:22,120 --> 00:22:24,490
this ship is not painted
above the water line.
401
00:22:24,490 --> 00:22:28,390
That saves us money and it also
reduces the weight of the ship.
402
00:22:31,100 --> 00:22:33,930
This weight reduction
helped decrease the independence
403
00:22:33,930 --> 00:22:37,070
variant's draft
to a mere 14 feet.
404
00:22:37,070 --> 00:22:40,400
And that enables us to go
into waters and visit ports
405
00:22:40,410 --> 00:22:42,140
that traditionally
our Navy ships
406
00:22:42,140 --> 00:22:43,940
have not been able to get into.
407
00:22:49,610 --> 00:22:52,620
The designers of
these revolutionary ships
408
00:22:52,620 --> 00:22:55,590
are pushing the limits
of marine engineering,
409
00:22:55,590 --> 00:22:58,520
but to effectively carry
out multiple missions,
410
00:22:58,520 --> 00:23:01,990
they had to draw on more
innovations from the past...
411
00:23:01,990 --> 00:23:04,560
Here I am, aboard the ray gun.
412
00:23:04,560 --> 00:23:09,070
This can manage speeds of up
to 28 miles an hour.
413
00:23:09,070 --> 00:23:11,900
...To make the impossible possible.
414
00:23:25,280 --> 00:23:27,250
The littoral combat ship,
415
00:23:27,250 --> 00:23:29,920
built to patrol
the shallow coastal waters
416
00:23:29,920 --> 00:23:31,220
called the littorals.
417
00:23:31,220 --> 00:23:34,360
Program manager Tom Anderson
has helped take
418
00:23:34,360 --> 00:23:38,700
the U.S. Navy's fastest combat
ships to a whole new level.
419
00:23:38,700 --> 00:23:42,130
Operating in the shallows
require high-speed ships
420
00:23:42,130 --> 00:23:43,800
with shallow drafts.
421
00:23:43,800 --> 00:23:48,370
The answer to those challenges
is the littoral combat ship.
422
00:23:53,880 --> 00:23:56,550
Made up of
the mono-hulled freedom variant
423
00:23:56,550 --> 00:23:58,980
and the trimaran
independence variant,
424
00:23:58,990 --> 00:24:01,490
the L.C.S.'S
power-to-weight ratio
425
00:24:01,490 --> 00:24:05,020
is more than double
that of a typical destroyer,
426
00:24:05,020 --> 00:24:08,690
and there's a reason the ships
need such flexibility.
427
00:24:12,530 --> 00:24:14,570
We need to have a ship
that's capable of doing
428
00:24:14,570 --> 00:24:16,330
multiple missions,
429
00:24:16,340 --> 00:24:18,770
whether it's searching
for submarines,
430
00:24:18,770 --> 00:24:22,510
finding minefields
and detonating those mines...
431
00:24:22,510 --> 00:24:25,380
all these things are required
for the future Navy.
432
00:24:27,610 --> 00:24:29,880
But to be truly adaptable,
433
00:24:29,880 --> 00:24:32,380
not only must these
ships carry equipment
434
00:24:32,390 --> 00:24:34,250
for multiple assignments,
435
00:24:34,250 --> 00:24:37,050
they must also provide
an effective platform
436
00:24:37,060 --> 00:24:40,220
for air-based missions.
437
00:24:40,230 --> 00:24:43,130
We're conducting
helicopter operations.
438
00:24:43,130 --> 00:24:45,930
Their are limitations as far
as how much pitch
439
00:24:45,930 --> 00:24:49,800
and roll a ship can have based
on the weather and environments
440
00:24:49,800 --> 00:24:54,270
in order to conduct
those helicopter operations.
441
00:24:54,270 --> 00:24:57,310
So how do you marry
the performance of a speed boat
442
00:24:57,310 --> 00:25:01,280
with the volume and stability
of of an aircraft carrier?
443
00:25:01,280 --> 00:25:04,050
To solve this seemingly
impossible problem,
444
00:25:04,050 --> 00:25:06,350
the U.S. Navy's designers
had to seek
445
00:25:06,350 --> 00:25:08,890
more inspiration from the past.
446
00:25:19,770 --> 00:25:21,700
Off the south coast of England,
447
00:25:21,700 --> 00:25:24,000
science communicator
Kate Mulcahy
448
00:25:24,000 --> 00:25:26,970
is investigating the origins
of one of the fastest,
449
00:25:26,970 --> 00:25:31,840
but most stable sailing
vessels ever built.
450
00:25:31,840 --> 00:25:34,510
Here I am, aboard the ray gun.
451
00:25:34,510 --> 00:25:38,220
This is a 24-foot boat
that can still manage
452
00:25:38,220 --> 00:25:41,350
speeds of up
to 28 miles an hour.
453
00:25:41,350 --> 00:25:45,460
It has not one, but three hulls
that are designed to cut
454
00:25:45,460 --> 00:25:48,890
through the water
to provide minimum resistance.
455
00:25:52,730 --> 00:25:56,870
In 1946, Ukrainian
engineer Victor Tchetchet
456
00:25:56,870 --> 00:25:58,970
unveiled this trailblazing shape
457
00:25:58,970 --> 00:26:01,640
at Marblehead race week
in Massachusetts,
458
00:26:01,640 --> 00:26:04,540
calling it a trimaran.
459
00:26:04,540 --> 00:26:07,440
Although revolutionary in
the yacht-racing world,
460
00:26:07,450 --> 00:26:10,450
his design was inspired
by pacific islanders
461
00:26:10,450 --> 00:26:13,280
looking to improve
the humble canoe.
462
00:26:16,920 --> 00:26:19,590
You can still see why
this design has endured
463
00:26:19,590 --> 00:26:21,660
for so many years.
464
00:26:21,660 --> 00:26:23,190
It's thin and long, which means
465
00:26:23,200 --> 00:26:25,630
it moves easily
through the water.
466
00:26:25,630 --> 00:26:27,500
Also, it doesn't have a keel,
467
00:26:27,500 --> 00:26:29,500
so it sits quite high
in the water.
468
00:26:29,500 --> 00:26:32,140
That means it's perfect
for exploring shallow,
469
00:26:32,140 --> 00:26:34,970
narrow waterways.
470
00:26:34,970 --> 00:26:38,280
Despite all of this,
it can only go as fast as I
471
00:26:38,280 --> 00:26:39,910
or anyone can paddle in it,
472
00:26:39,910 --> 00:26:41,810
which means its speed
is limited.
473
00:26:41,810 --> 00:26:45,980
Secondly, as you can see,
it's not very stable.
474
00:26:45,990 --> 00:26:48,520
So imagine this out
on the open water
475
00:26:48,520 --> 00:26:50,150
contending against waves.
476
00:26:50,160 --> 00:26:53,190
So if I was to try
and get in this...
477
00:26:53,190 --> 00:26:56,560
If I try and... oh!
478
00:26:56,560 --> 00:27:01,470
I don't even think...
It would be possible...
479
00:27:01,470 --> 00:27:03,930
Oh!
...without it capsizing.
480
00:27:03,940 --> 00:27:07,370
So not ideal.
481
00:27:07,370 --> 00:27:09,740
To island-hop
across the open ocean,
482
00:27:09,740 --> 00:27:12,710
the pacific islanders
needed a new design.
483
00:27:17,520 --> 00:27:21,650
And what they came up
with was this.
484
00:27:21,650 --> 00:27:25,420
This is the same long fin,
central hull,
485
00:27:25,420 --> 00:27:30,330
but with two outriggers
lashed parallel on either side.
486
00:27:30,330 --> 00:27:33,430
Now, when we were making this,
we used plastic tubing,
487
00:27:33,430 --> 00:27:35,730
but they would have
been using just logs.
488
00:27:38,440 --> 00:27:40,200
The addition of outriggers
489
00:27:40,210 --> 00:27:42,940
instantly transformed
this simple canoe.
490
00:27:51,780 --> 00:27:55,050
So you can see this boat
is much more stable.
491
00:27:55,050 --> 00:27:58,060
It's practically impossible
to capsize it.
492
00:27:58,060 --> 00:28:02,060
The addition of the outriggers
has increased the stability
493
00:28:02,060 --> 00:28:03,830
and also increased the buoyancy.
494
00:28:03,830 --> 00:28:06,330
That means that it
sits higher up in the water
495
00:28:06,330 --> 00:28:09,300
and means it's easier
to explore the shallows.
496
00:28:09,300 --> 00:28:11,740
And, finally, allowed me
to add a sail,
497
00:28:11,740 --> 00:28:18,010
so no more paddling for me.
498
00:28:18,010 --> 00:28:20,480
With these
clever additions, islanders
499
00:28:20,480 --> 00:28:22,210
could access countless islands
500
00:28:22,210 --> 00:28:24,250
throughout the pacific ocean.
501
00:28:28,620 --> 00:28:31,020
Improving on the ideas
of the islanders,
502
00:28:31,020 --> 00:28:34,960
Tchetchet used the wide stable
base to create
503
00:28:34,960 --> 00:28:37,030
a gracious spread of sail.
504
00:28:37,030 --> 00:28:40,700
He also streamlined the light,
buoyant hulls so they cut
505
00:28:40,700 --> 00:28:43,600
through the water
and created minimal drag.
506
00:28:43,600 --> 00:28:46,370
All of this is
what makes the trimaran
507
00:28:46,370 --> 00:28:48,010
as one of the fastest class
508
00:28:48,010 --> 00:28:50,540
of sailing boat
in the world today.
509
00:28:57,580 --> 00:29:00,650
Employing a trimaran
on a yacht is one thing,
510
00:29:00,650 --> 00:29:03,820
but integrating this design
onto a 4,000-ton
511
00:29:03,820 --> 00:29:06,290
combat ship is quite another.
512
00:29:06,290 --> 00:29:07,860
Trimarans are really important
513
00:29:07,860 --> 00:29:11,130
when you're doing surface
warfare type events.
514
00:29:11,130 --> 00:29:13,530
To super-size
this technology,
515
00:29:13,530 --> 00:29:15,030
the Navy's engineers
516
00:29:15,030 --> 00:29:17,800
had to make
the impossible possible.
517
00:29:28,910 --> 00:29:30,880
The littoral combat ships
518
00:29:30,880 --> 00:29:35,220
are the U.S. Navy's
fastest warships.
519
00:29:35,220 --> 00:29:39,290
To achieve maritime speeds
of 45 miles per hour,
520
00:29:39,290 --> 00:29:41,490
engineers super-sized
the principles
521
00:29:41,490 --> 00:29:43,530
behind Tchetchet's racing yacht
522
00:29:43,530 --> 00:29:45,090
to create the Navy's first
523
00:29:45,100 --> 00:29:48,100
high-performance
trimaran combat ship.
524
00:29:48,100 --> 00:29:50,970
And at Austal U.S.A.'s
shipyard in Alabama,
525
00:29:50,970 --> 00:29:55,640
the u.S.S. Tulsa is receiving
its finishing touches.
526
00:29:55,640 --> 00:30:00,610
You see it has a very fine-tuned
bow, designed to Pierce waves.
527
00:30:03,680 --> 00:30:06,180
As we go further back,
you see the hull widen.
528
00:30:06,180 --> 00:30:09,580
And just here to the right,
you can see the outrigger.
529
00:30:09,590 --> 00:30:12,290
And, again, just like those
canoes with the outriggers,
530
00:30:12,290 --> 00:30:14,060
which give us that
added stability,
531
00:30:14,060 --> 00:30:16,560
we get high speed.
532
00:30:20,460 --> 00:30:22,230
The stabilized central hull
533
00:30:22,230 --> 00:30:24,500
with two outriggers moves
the ship
534
00:30:24,500 --> 00:30:26,530
displacement point upwards.
535
00:30:26,540 --> 00:30:29,040
This reduces drag,
allowing the ship
536
00:30:29,040 --> 00:30:34,240
to reach speeds
of over 45 miles per hour.
537
00:30:34,240 --> 00:30:36,880
Additionally, the ship's
vast width allows
538
00:30:36,880 --> 00:30:39,810
for an 11,000-square-foot
flight deck,
539
00:30:39,820 --> 00:30:43,020
and the vessel can accommodate
smaller boats below,
540
00:30:43,020 --> 00:30:47,890
extending its capabilities
across the world's oceans.
541
00:30:47,890 --> 00:30:51,860
Trimarans are stabile platforms,
and those are really important
542
00:30:51,860 --> 00:30:55,230
when you're doing things
like operating helicopters,
543
00:30:55,230 --> 00:30:57,270
launching vehicles,
544
00:30:57,270 --> 00:30:59,670
and conducting
high-speed maneuvers
545
00:30:59,670 --> 00:31:02,800
when you're doing surface
warfare type events.
546
00:31:05,380 --> 00:31:09,710
At sea level, this
unique engineering is clear.
547
00:31:09,710 --> 00:31:11,280
You get a really good
perspective of just
548
00:31:11,280 --> 00:31:13,180
how wide the ship is
549
00:31:13,180 --> 00:31:16,580
and how that trimaran
design provides for stability.
550
00:31:19,720 --> 00:31:21,860
Commander
Douglas Meagher is traveling
551
00:31:21,860 --> 00:31:25,860
between its outriggers,
also known as amas.
552
00:31:28,630 --> 00:31:32,330
We've got over 200 feet
worth of ama tunnel here.
553
00:31:32,340 --> 00:31:35,900
Were as the ship transits
through the water at high speed,
554
00:31:35,910 --> 00:31:38,340
you get the very
slender main body hull,
555
00:31:38,340 --> 00:31:40,610
and you have this ama
that's cutting the water
556
00:31:40,610 --> 00:31:42,680
and maintaining
the ship's stability
557
00:31:42,680 --> 00:31:45,250
at 40-plus knots.
558
00:31:45,250 --> 00:31:47,550
Any other ship in the Navy,
559
00:31:47,550 --> 00:31:50,120
you're not gonna be
underneath the main
560
00:31:50,120 --> 00:31:52,190
hull form of the ship like this.
561
00:31:52,190 --> 00:31:54,620
This is a one-of-a-kind design.
562
00:32:03,000 --> 00:32:05,970
In its home port
of San Diego, California,
563
00:32:05,970 --> 00:32:07,840
both the freedom
and independence
564
00:32:07,840 --> 00:32:10,040
variants of these combat ships
565
00:32:10,040 --> 00:32:12,710
are changing the face
of nautical design.
566
00:32:14,780 --> 00:32:16,380
The littoral combat
ships allow us
567
00:32:16,380 --> 00:32:20,220
to operate at high speeds
in shallow water
568
00:32:20,220 --> 00:32:21,850
with stability unmatched by
569
00:32:21,850 --> 00:32:24,890
any other naval
ship of this size.
570
00:32:28,230 --> 00:32:30,660
And now commander Mark Stefanik
571
00:32:30,660 --> 00:32:33,430
is setting off
in the u.S.S. Montgomery
572
00:32:33,430 --> 00:32:37,230
to patrol the California coast.
573
00:32:37,230 --> 00:32:39,770
Well, he is definitely
cutting the channel.
574
00:32:39,770 --> 00:32:41,270
Let's give him the five short.
575
00:32:41,270 --> 00:32:45,510
Five short.
576
00:32:45,510 --> 00:32:47,240
But in these busy waters,
577
00:32:47,240 --> 00:32:51,150
unforeseen hazards lurk
everywhere.
578
00:32:51,150 --> 00:32:55,250
Got a jet ski off the port side,
350 headed forward aft.
579
00:32:55,250 --> 00:32:56,550
All right, I think
we have a good shot
580
00:32:56,550 --> 00:32:58,620
at taking them down
our starboard side.
581
00:32:58,620 --> 00:33:01,460
- 60 yards, right?
- All right, steady as she goes.
582
00:33:01,460 --> 00:33:03,420
Steady as she goes, 178.
583
00:33:06,900 --> 00:33:09,630
So there's a number of sailboats
that we had to maneuver for,
584
00:33:09,630 --> 00:33:11,600
as well as some
other small craft.
585
00:33:11,600 --> 00:33:15,170
So that did add
to the complexity of the ship
586
00:33:15,170 --> 00:33:16,970
trying to get underway.
587
00:33:19,910 --> 00:33:23,510
Crowded coastal waters
are just the start.
588
00:33:23,510 --> 00:33:26,980
Out in the open ocean,
it's pretty easy to determine
589
00:33:26,980 --> 00:33:28,780
what kind of traffic
you're gonna deal with,
590
00:33:28,790 --> 00:33:30,350
'cause there's
very little of it.
591
00:33:30,350 --> 00:33:31,950
When you're in
a littoral environment,
592
00:33:31,960 --> 00:33:33,920
you're operating in the vicinity
593
00:33:33,920 --> 00:33:36,420
of very dense
commercial traffic.
594
00:33:36,430 --> 00:33:38,560
But in more hostile
shallow waters,
595
00:33:38,560 --> 00:33:40,230
determining friend from foe
596
00:33:40,230 --> 00:33:42,900
can be the difference
between life and death.
597
00:33:42,900 --> 00:33:45,730
Nothing is more critical
to the captain,
598
00:33:45,740 --> 00:33:47,370
the decision to either engage
599
00:33:47,370 --> 00:33:50,270
or not engage
a potential adversary.
600
00:33:50,270 --> 00:33:54,310
So how do you identify
an enemy in a split second
601
00:33:54,310 --> 00:33:57,980
in some of the world's
busiest seas?
602
00:33:57,980 --> 00:34:01,180
To do this, engineers had
to turn to one of history's
603
00:34:01,180 --> 00:34:04,690
most vital innovations...
604
00:34:04,690 --> 00:34:06,353
to stand any chance
of successfully defending
605
00:34:06,360 --> 00:34:08,690
the country, the R.A.F.
Needed a way of knowing
606
00:34:08,690 --> 00:34:10,360
if an attack was imminent.
607
00:34:10,360 --> 00:34:12,460
This was a huge problem.
608
00:34:12,460 --> 00:34:15,030
...To make the impossible possible.
609
00:34:25,650 --> 00:34:27,850
The littoral combat ships.
610
00:34:27,850 --> 00:34:30,560
As the U.S. Navy's
fastest war vessels,
611
00:34:30,560 --> 00:34:32,920
these pioneering ships
can patrol
612
00:34:32,930 --> 00:34:35,460
the shallowest coastlines
across the planet
613
00:34:35,460 --> 00:34:37,360
with incredible dexterity.
614
00:34:37,360 --> 00:34:39,660
But to determine friend
from foe,
615
00:34:39,670 --> 00:34:42,070
engineers had to turn
to a revolutionary
616
00:34:42,070 --> 00:34:43,970
breakthrough from the past.
617
00:34:46,570 --> 00:34:48,470
Oh, ho ho!
618
00:34:48,480 --> 00:34:51,510
Engineer Luke Bisby
is flying in the British royal
619
00:34:51,510 --> 00:34:55,210
air force's iconic biplane,
the tiger moth.
620
00:34:55,220 --> 00:34:57,780
He's here to reveal
an ingenious secret
621
00:34:57,780 --> 00:35:00,750
behind wartime engineering.
622
00:35:00,750 --> 00:35:03,450
One amazing airplane.
623
00:35:03,460 --> 00:35:06,420
In the mid 1930s, around
the time that this aircraft
624
00:35:06,430 --> 00:35:08,790
was being used to train
R.A.F. Pilots,
625
00:35:08,800 --> 00:35:10,530
the skies around
the south coast of Britain
626
00:35:10,530 --> 00:35:12,960
were actually
a fairly empty place.
627
00:35:12,970 --> 00:35:15,100
But with another war
looming on the horizon,
628
00:35:15,100 --> 00:35:17,470
the air ministry
was facing a serious problem.
629
00:35:20,140 --> 00:35:23,010
German's long-range
zeppelin bombers
630
00:35:23,010 --> 00:35:26,410
had terrorized London
during the first world war,
631
00:35:26,410 --> 00:35:27,980
and Britain's air defenses
632
00:35:27,980 --> 00:35:30,750
struggled to cope
with the attack.
633
00:35:30,750 --> 00:35:32,450
To stand any chance
of successfully defending
634
00:35:32,450 --> 00:35:34,750
the country, the R.A.F.
Needed a way of knowing
635
00:35:34,750 --> 00:35:36,290
if an attack was imminent
636
00:35:36,290 --> 00:35:38,760
so they could get their own
fighters into the air.
637
00:35:38,760 --> 00:35:41,960
This was a huge problem.
638
00:35:41,960 --> 00:35:44,460
Scottish physicist
Robert Watson watt
639
00:35:44,460 --> 00:35:46,500
needed to overcome this hurdle.
640
00:35:48,970 --> 00:35:52,400
Working as a meteorologist
during the first world war,
641
00:35:52,410 --> 00:35:54,570
watt detected the signals
emitted
642
00:35:54,570 --> 00:35:57,040
from lightning
by bouncing radio waves
643
00:35:57,040 --> 00:35:59,810
off of storm formations.
644
00:35:59,810 --> 00:36:03,550
And in 1935, with another war
looking increasingly likely,
645
00:36:03,550 --> 00:36:05,920
he theorized that rather
than bouncing radio waves
646
00:36:05,920 --> 00:36:07,420
off of thunderstorms,
647
00:36:07,420 --> 00:36:10,520
he could use them
to detect incoming aircraft.
648
00:36:10,520 --> 00:36:13,260
He named his invention radio
detection and ranging,
649
00:36:13,260 --> 00:36:15,090
eventually shortened to radar,
650
00:36:15,100 --> 00:36:16,560
and it dramatically
changed the outcome
651
00:36:16,560 --> 00:36:18,130
of the second world war.
652
00:36:26,010 --> 00:36:27,870
This is how watt's
system worked.
653
00:36:27,870 --> 00:36:29,970
In front of me, I have a slinky,
which is stretched out
654
00:36:29,980 --> 00:36:32,810
between me and a potential
incoming aircraft.
655
00:36:32,810 --> 00:36:35,080
And to work out the position
of that incoming aircraft,
656
00:36:35,080 --> 00:36:37,380
a radio wave would be
sent out into the sky,
657
00:36:37,380 --> 00:36:39,580
and I can simulate that
by shaking this slinky.
658
00:36:41,450 --> 00:36:43,590
So you can see that when I
send out a radio wave
659
00:36:43,590 --> 00:36:46,490
and it hits the aircraft,
it gets reflected back,
660
00:36:46,490 --> 00:36:49,160
and I can detect
the aircraft's presence.
661
00:36:49,160 --> 00:36:51,930
Because we know that radio waves
travel at the speed of light,
662
00:36:51,930 --> 00:36:53,130
by working out
the time difference
663
00:36:53,130 --> 00:36:54,830
between the time
that the signal is sent out
664
00:36:54,830 --> 00:36:56,300
and the time that it comes back,
665
00:36:56,300 --> 00:36:58,470
I can determine how far
away an aircraft is.
666
00:36:58,470 --> 00:37:02,770
And this was something that
had never been done before.
667
00:37:02,780 --> 00:37:06,180
In 1935, watt
successfully demonstrated
668
00:37:06,180 --> 00:37:10,520
his new system to the air
ministry, and by 1938,
669
00:37:10,520 --> 00:37:12,580
the first five radar stations
670
00:37:12,590 --> 00:37:14,150
covering aerial approaches
671
00:37:14,150 --> 00:37:16,720
into London became operational.
672
00:37:19,590 --> 00:37:21,730
The system was code
named chain home,
673
00:37:21,730 --> 00:37:23,930
and it relied on huge masts
like this one to send
674
00:37:23,930 --> 00:37:25,960
radio waves out into the sky.
675
00:37:28,370 --> 00:37:30,740
By the outbreak of world war ii,
676
00:37:30,740 --> 00:37:33,540
a network of 21
steel transmitters
677
00:37:33,540 --> 00:37:35,040
and wooden receivers
678
00:37:35,040 --> 00:37:36,770
were constructed along
the Southern
679
00:37:36,780 --> 00:37:39,480
and eastern coasts
of the U.K.
680
00:37:46,350 --> 00:37:48,890
all right.
681
00:37:48,890 --> 00:37:50,960
Ah.
682
00:37:50,960 --> 00:37:52,390
Oh.
683
00:37:52,390 --> 00:37:54,160
That is a pretty amazing view.
684
00:37:57,000 --> 00:37:58,930
The chain home system
was the first application
685
00:37:58,930 --> 00:38:01,470
of a radar air defense system
anywhere in the world,
686
00:38:01,470 --> 00:38:04,900
and it gave the British
a vital edge over the Germans.
687
00:38:04,900 --> 00:38:07,570
It was so powerful,
it could even detect
688
00:38:07,570 --> 00:38:12,010
a German aerial formation
over 150 miles away.
689
00:38:12,010 --> 00:38:14,850
And in 1939, the chain home
low system was added,
690
00:38:14,850 --> 00:38:17,050
which allowed observers
to detect not only distance,
691
00:38:17,050 --> 00:38:18,450
but also height.
692
00:38:18,450 --> 00:38:20,690
And this is a really
incredible piece of engineering.
693
00:38:33,200 --> 00:38:36,230
80 years later,
these incredible combat ships
694
00:38:36,240 --> 00:38:37,570
are patrolling the world's
695
00:38:37,570 --> 00:38:41,640
challenging coastal
environments.
696
00:38:41,640 --> 00:38:43,370
- Captain's on the bridge.
- Carry on.
697
00:38:43,380 --> 00:38:45,910
And crews aboard
the independence variant
698
00:38:45,910 --> 00:38:48,910
have the next generation
of watt's engineering
699
00:38:48,920 --> 00:38:50,980
breakthrough at
their disposal...
700
00:38:50,980 --> 00:38:53,180
the sea giraffe radar.
701
00:38:55,720 --> 00:38:59,520
We need a radar that kind
of packs a big radar punch,
702
00:38:59,530 --> 00:39:01,130
but in a small package.
703
00:39:01,130 --> 00:39:03,900
And that's what we get
with the sea giraffe radar.
704
00:39:05,400 --> 00:39:08,170
You want to come over here,
sir, we will...
705
00:39:08,170 --> 00:39:09,670
First, it goes through
the nav plan.
706
00:39:09,670 --> 00:39:11,000
Okay.
707
00:39:11,000 --> 00:39:12,870
In congested,
potentially-hostile waters,
708
00:39:12,870 --> 00:39:14,940
this state-of-the-art
radar system
709
00:39:14,940 --> 00:39:16,970
helps the u.S.S. Independence
710
00:39:16,980 --> 00:39:19,210
determine friend from foe.
711
00:39:19,210 --> 00:39:21,010
Once we get here,
we've got our critical points
712
00:39:21,010 --> 00:39:23,880
in for contacting
harbor control.
713
00:39:23,880 --> 00:39:25,850
Okay.
714
00:39:25,850 --> 00:39:28,190
There could be potentially
several different small craft
715
00:39:28,190 --> 00:39:31,420
coming in, up to 40
or 50 knots at the ship.
716
00:39:31,420 --> 00:39:33,660
You need to have
that capability,
717
00:39:33,660 --> 00:39:35,260
where there's a lot of ambiguity
718
00:39:35,260 --> 00:39:36,790
between the good guys,
719
00:39:36,800 --> 00:39:38,900
the bad guys,
and the in betweens.
720
00:39:43,670 --> 00:39:47,540
The sea giraffe radar
can detect 200 airborne
721
00:39:47,540 --> 00:39:51,540
and up to 400 seaborne
targets simultaneously.
722
00:39:51,540 --> 00:39:54,280
But to simplify this
complex picture,
723
00:39:54,280 --> 00:39:56,250
its advanced radar technology
724
00:39:56,250 --> 00:39:58,080
analyzes characteristics
725
00:39:58,080 --> 00:40:00,850
such as altitude
and speed to determine
726
00:40:00,850 --> 00:40:03,690
if there's a threat
within seconds.
727
00:40:03,690 --> 00:40:06,320
Its ability to provide
a very clear picture
728
00:40:06,330 --> 00:40:08,730
to the operator
is what makes it special.
729
00:40:08,730 --> 00:40:11,700
We can separate the weak from
the chaff from a radar picture
730
00:40:11,700 --> 00:40:15,070
much better than
a traditional radar would.
731
00:40:15,070 --> 00:40:18,540
Even more incredible,
this advanced radar system
732
00:40:18,540 --> 00:40:23,240
is both smaller and lighter
than a typical destroyer's.
733
00:40:23,240 --> 00:40:25,110
It all is in keeping
with our desire
734
00:40:25,110 --> 00:40:27,350
to maintain speed and agility,
735
00:40:27,350 --> 00:40:30,110
and it's a perfect fit
for L.C.S.
736
00:40:41,790 --> 00:40:43,860
the littoral combat ship fleet
737
00:40:43,860 --> 00:40:46,500
navigates parts
of the planet the U.S. Navy
738
00:40:46,500 --> 00:40:48,970
once considered impossible.
739
00:40:51,870 --> 00:40:53,370
I feel like we're
doing something
740
00:40:53,370 --> 00:40:55,840
that we haven't done before.
741
00:40:55,840 --> 00:40:58,240
I truly think that this is
pushing the boundaries.
742
00:41:00,650 --> 00:41:03,350
And this inspired
engineering will continue
743
00:41:03,350 --> 00:41:05,720
to open up new horizons.
744
00:41:07,750 --> 00:41:10,250
The opportunity
going forward is limitless
745
00:41:10,260 --> 00:41:12,590
with what we can do
with these ships.
746
00:41:12,590 --> 00:41:15,490
I'm just so extremely
excited for the crew
747
00:41:15,500 --> 00:41:18,400
that's gonna get the opportunity
to sail in this ship
748
00:41:18,400 --> 00:41:20,930
and take her around the world.
749
00:41:20,930 --> 00:41:27,640
By learning from the
pioneers of the past... Yes!
750
00:41:27,640 --> 00:41:32,540
...up-scaling and developing
innovations of their own,
751
00:41:32,550 --> 00:41:36,880
engineers have written a new
chapter in nautical design,
752
00:41:36,880 --> 00:41:42,190
making the impossible...
Possible.
753
00:41:42,190 --> 00:41:45,420
She's basically one of a kind
as far as warships goes.
754
00:41:45,430 --> 00:41:48,630
I am sailing a ship
that's unprecedented.
755
00:41:51,100 --> 00:41:53,360
You can't find another ship
in naval history
756
00:41:53,370 --> 00:41:55,530
that's able to
achieve similar features
757
00:41:55,540 --> 00:41:56,870
as a littoral combat ship.
758
00:41:56,920 --> 00:42:01,470
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