All language subtitles for Impossible Engineering s03e08 US Navys Super Ship.eng

af Afrikaans
sq Albanian
am Amharic
ar Arabic
hy Armenian
az Azerbaijani
eu Basque
be Belarusian
bn Bengali
bs Bosnian
bg Bulgarian
ca Catalan
ceb Cebuano
ny Chichewa
zh-CN Chinese (Simplified)
zh-TW Chinese (Traditional)
co Corsican
hr Croatian
cs Czech
da Danish
nl Dutch Download
en English
eo Esperanto
et Estonian
tl Filipino
fi Finnish
fr French
fy Frisian
gl Galician
ka Georgian
de German
el Greek
gu Gujarati
ht Haitian Creole
ha Hausa
haw Hawaiian
iw Hebrew
hi Hindi
hmn Hmong
hu Hungarian
is Icelandic
ig Igbo
id Indonesian
ga Irish
it Italian
ja Japanese
jw Javanese
kn Kannada
kk Kazakh
km Khmer
ko Korean
ku Kurdish (Kurmanji)
ky Kyrgyz
lo Lao
la Latin
lv Latvian
lt Lithuanian
lb Luxembourgish
mk Macedonian
mg Malagasy
ms Malay
ml Malayalam
mt Maltese
mi Maori
mr Marathi
mn Mongolian
my Myanmar (Burmese)
ne Nepali
no Norwegian
ps Pashto
fa Persian
pl Polish
pt Portuguese
pa Punjabi
ro Romanian
ru Russian
sm Samoan
gd Scots Gaelic
sr Serbian
st Sesotho
sn Shona
sd Sindhi
si Sinhala
sk Slovak
sl Slovenian
so Somali
es Spanish
su Sundanese
sw Swahili
sv Swedish
tg Tajik
ta Tamil
te Telugu
th Thai
tr Turkish
uk Ukrainian
ur Urdu
uz Uzbek
vi Vietnamese
cy Welsh
xh Xhosa
yi Yiddish
yo Yoruba
zu Zulu
or Odia (Oriya)
rw Kinyarwanda
tk Turkmen
tt Tatar
ug Uyghur
Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:01,500 --> 00:00:02,900 Today on "Impossible Engineering"... 2 00:00:02,900 --> 00:00:05,570 The littoral combat ships, the U.S. Navy's 3 00:00:05,570 --> 00:00:07,370 fastest combat vessels. 4 00:00:07,370 --> 00:00:10,010 If you're a pirate or you're a drug runner 5 00:00:10,010 --> 00:00:11,840 and you see that ship coming towards ya, 6 00:00:11,850 --> 00:00:12,980 it's time to shut down your engines 7 00:00:12,980 --> 00:00:14,510 and put up your hands. 8 00:00:14,510 --> 00:00:18,250 To create a vessel in a class all its own. 9 00:00:18,250 --> 00:00:21,250 She's basically one of a kind as far as warships goes. 10 00:00:21,250 --> 00:00:24,090 I am sailing a ship that's unprecedented. 11 00:00:24,090 --> 00:00:26,290 Engineers had to turn to the pioneering 12 00:00:26,290 --> 00:00:27,990 innovations of the past. 13 00:00:27,990 --> 00:00:29,430 Here we go. 14 00:00:29,430 --> 00:00:31,160 Yes! 15 00:00:31,160 --> 00:00:32,730 If these engines were to cut out, 16 00:00:32,730 --> 00:00:35,500 this boat would be in serious trouble. 17 00:00:35,500 --> 00:00:38,700 Oh, ho, ho! This is really incredible. 18 00:00:38,710 --> 00:00:40,870 What an amazing airplane. 19 00:00:40,870 --> 00:00:44,180 That made the impossible possible. 20 00:00:44,180 --> 00:00:47,180 ... Captions by vitac... www.Vitac.Com 21 00:00:47,180 --> 00:00:50,180 captions paid for by discovery communications 22 00:00:55,920 --> 00:01:01,890 the U.S. Navy has the largest sea force on the planet. 23 00:01:01,900 --> 00:01:05,360 Throughout its over 240-year history, 24 00:01:05,370 --> 00:01:07,770 its ships have carried out operations 25 00:01:07,770 --> 00:01:10,970 in the deep blue waters of the world's oceans. 26 00:01:13,570 --> 00:01:18,840 But today the Navy's assignments are evolving. 27 00:01:18,850 --> 00:01:21,810 Gone are the days of open-water blue Navy battles. 28 00:01:21,820 --> 00:01:24,450 Many of the places where we need to be as a Navy 29 00:01:24,450 --> 00:01:26,320 are in coastal regions. 30 00:01:31,690 --> 00:01:33,860 To combat problems such as piracy, 31 00:01:33,860 --> 00:01:36,490 people-trafficking, and aid distribution, 32 00:01:36,500 --> 00:01:39,430 the fleet must operate in shallow coastal waters, 33 00:01:39,430 --> 00:01:41,300 known as the littorals. 34 00:01:44,500 --> 00:01:46,970 To navigate waters close to the shore, 35 00:01:46,970 --> 00:01:49,910 shipbuilding program manager captain Tom Anderson 36 00:01:49,910 --> 00:01:52,310 had to construct a particular type of ship. 37 00:01:52,310 --> 00:01:56,110 To operate effectively in the littorals... 38 00:01:56,120 --> 00:01:59,150 We need a high-speed ship, and it's gotta be adaptable. 39 00:01:59,150 --> 00:02:02,350 It's gotta be capable of doing multiple missions. 40 00:02:02,360 --> 00:02:05,460 That's our challenge. 41 00:02:05,460 --> 00:02:07,190 It's a challenge that chief engineer 42 00:02:07,190 --> 00:02:11,600 lieutenant Damon Gilbert also had to overcome. 43 00:02:11,600 --> 00:02:13,330 The ideal ship for this environment 44 00:02:13,330 --> 00:02:14,730 would be a ship that's light, 45 00:02:14,730 --> 00:02:16,630 a ship that has a very shallow draft, 46 00:02:16,640 --> 00:02:19,170 and a ship that can handle itself 47 00:02:19,170 --> 00:02:20,940 and move very quickly. 48 00:02:23,340 --> 00:02:25,840 The solution... 49 00:02:29,280 --> 00:02:33,820 The littoral combat ship class. 50 00:02:33,820 --> 00:02:37,260 Made up of both the mono-hull freedom variant 51 00:02:37,260 --> 00:02:39,890 and the trimaran independence variant, 52 00:02:39,890 --> 00:02:41,960 this revolutionary class of ship 53 00:02:41,960 --> 00:02:45,130 is at the vanguard of marine engineering. 54 00:02:45,130 --> 00:02:48,030 This is gonna change the face of how we operate inside 55 00:02:48,030 --> 00:02:50,070 those waters for years to come. 56 00:02:56,610 --> 00:02:58,480 Built for speed, 57 00:02:58,480 --> 00:03:01,610 both the freedom variant semi-plaining hull 58 00:03:01,620 --> 00:03:04,420 and the independence variant's trimaran design 59 00:03:04,420 --> 00:03:08,520 create ultra hydrodynamic efficiency. 60 00:03:08,520 --> 00:03:11,220 Using lightweight aluminum, powered by an innovative 61 00:03:11,220 --> 00:03:13,290 propulsion system, 62 00:03:13,290 --> 00:03:16,660 each ship can travel over 45 miles per hour 63 00:03:16,660 --> 00:03:20,030 in only 14 feet of water. 64 00:03:20,030 --> 00:03:22,070 It's capable of being reconfigured 65 00:03:22,070 --> 00:03:23,300 for multiple missions, 66 00:03:23,300 --> 00:03:25,570 and it's able to deploy smaller boats. 67 00:03:25,570 --> 00:03:29,470 A vast helicopter pad also extends the crew's reach. 68 00:03:37,680 --> 00:03:39,450 But to produce a high-performance, 69 00:03:39,450 --> 00:03:41,790 fast-moving fleet for shallow waters, 70 00:03:41,790 --> 00:03:43,720 the ship's designers had to create 71 00:03:43,720 --> 00:03:47,160 the most effective propulsion system. 72 00:03:47,160 --> 00:03:49,960 The problem was standard propeller systems 73 00:03:49,960 --> 00:03:53,430 significantly push the ship below the water line 74 00:03:53,430 --> 00:03:57,400 and require much deeper waters. 75 00:03:57,400 --> 00:03:59,070 If you want to chase down a ship 76 00:03:59,070 --> 00:04:00,670 or you want to elude another vessel 77 00:04:00,670 --> 00:04:02,440 to get out of danger, you want to be able 78 00:04:02,440 --> 00:04:05,410 to maneuver as quickly as possible. 79 00:04:05,410 --> 00:04:08,010 So how do you propel a ship this fast 80 00:04:08,010 --> 00:04:10,210 in near swimming-pool depths? 81 00:04:10,220 --> 00:04:11,920 This would not have been possible 82 00:04:11,920 --> 00:04:14,990 without a breakthrough innovation from the past. 83 00:04:22,730 --> 00:04:24,730 Humans have always needed to navigate 84 00:04:24,730 --> 00:04:27,770 the world's shallow waterways. 85 00:04:27,770 --> 00:04:30,870 Initially, we used arm power to paddle. 86 00:04:30,870 --> 00:04:32,600 It was effective, but tiring. 87 00:04:32,610 --> 00:04:34,640 Arg! 88 00:04:34,640 --> 00:04:36,040 Out of the way! 89 00:04:36,040 --> 00:04:38,140 Oh! 90 00:04:38,140 --> 00:04:41,180 The vikings added a sail to conquer the coastlines. 91 00:04:41,180 --> 00:04:43,450 This worked well, but... Huh? 92 00:04:43,450 --> 00:04:44,880 Only when there was wind. 93 00:04:44,880 --> 00:04:48,290 Gah! for Odin's sake! 94 00:04:48,290 --> 00:04:51,620 With its small draft, the paddle steamer seemed to be the answer. 95 00:04:51,620 --> 00:04:54,090 Well, I do declare... vikings! 96 00:04:54,090 --> 00:04:56,630 But they had significant problems. 97 00:04:58,330 --> 00:04:59,760 Oh, my! 98 00:04:59,770 --> 00:05:02,630 In the 1940s, the introduction of air boats 99 00:05:02,640 --> 00:05:04,600 brought high-speed travel to the everglades. 100 00:05:04,600 --> 00:05:07,840 Whee! 101 00:05:07,840 --> 00:05:09,240 Oh, no! 102 00:05:09,240 --> 00:05:12,310 Whoa! 103 00:05:12,310 --> 00:05:14,950 But a better system was needed. 104 00:05:17,780 --> 00:05:20,280 Show-off! 105 00:05:24,490 --> 00:05:27,530 In the Grand Canyon, mechanical engineer Dan Dickrell 106 00:05:27,530 --> 00:05:30,190 is riding upstream on the Colorado river 107 00:05:30,200 --> 00:05:33,830 to reveal one of history's great engineering achievements. 108 00:05:40,140 --> 00:05:41,670 The beautiful noise you hear 109 00:05:41,670 --> 00:05:45,680 right now is two 550-horsepower 110 00:05:45,680 --> 00:05:49,610 8.3-liter engines pushing this 20-ton boat 111 00:05:49,620 --> 00:05:52,920 up these crazy, crazy rapids. 112 00:05:52,920 --> 00:05:54,490 If these engines were to cut out, 113 00:05:54,490 --> 00:05:59,120 this boat would be in serious, serious trouble. 114 00:05:59,130 --> 00:06:01,230 But the key to driving against the current 115 00:06:01,230 --> 00:06:02,530 isn't in the engines. 116 00:06:02,530 --> 00:06:06,960 It's due to a pioneering propulsion system. 117 00:06:06,970 --> 00:06:09,500 Getting to places where others can't, 118 00:06:09,500 --> 00:06:11,370 in extremely shallow water, 119 00:06:11,370 --> 00:06:13,070 was born out of the imagination 120 00:06:13,070 --> 00:06:15,670 of someone whose childhood desire 121 00:06:15,680 --> 00:06:17,510 was to challenge the rapids 122 00:06:17,510 --> 00:06:19,280 and go where no one else could. 123 00:06:22,920 --> 00:06:24,750 To do this, New Zealand-born 124 00:06:24,750 --> 00:06:26,380 inventor William Hamilton 125 00:06:26,390 --> 00:06:28,250 needed to overcome the limitations 126 00:06:28,250 --> 00:06:30,050 of standard motorboats. 127 00:06:34,030 --> 00:06:36,060 Now, Hamilton had a problem with this. 128 00:06:36,060 --> 00:06:39,800 Because the waters he wanted to to go on were too shallow. 129 00:06:39,800 --> 00:06:45,170 Huge rocks would effectively wreck this crude propeller. 130 00:06:45,170 --> 00:06:50,440 So Hamilton got rid of the propeller altogether. 131 00:06:50,440 --> 00:06:54,210 In 1954, he commissioned a plywood boat 132 00:06:54,210 --> 00:06:57,280 and attached a centrifugal pump to its engine, 133 00:06:57,280 --> 00:07:02,320 creating a unique water-driven jet propulsion system. 134 00:07:02,320 --> 00:07:03,890 How the Hamilton jet motor functions 135 00:07:03,890 --> 00:07:06,020 is around the middle of the boat, 136 00:07:06,030 --> 00:07:08,690 there's an intake that brings water in 137 00:07:08,700 --> 00:07:11,360 from whatever body of water the vessel is navigating. 138 00:07:11,360 --> 00:07:15,470 Hamilton's uses an impeller that's spinning very fast 139 00:07:15,470 --> 00:07:18,870 to greatly accelerate this stream of water. 140 00:07:18,870 --> 00:07:21,240 That water is highly turbulent and twisty. 141 00:07:21,240 --> 00:07:23,640 And so the Hamilton passes the water through a series 142 00:07:23,640 --> 00:07:26,910 of stator vanes, creating a uniform, 143 00:07:26,910 --> 00:07:30,780 but high-velocity jet. 144 00:07:30,780 --> 00:07:33,650 And in 1960, Hamilton tested his bold 145 00:07:33,650 --> 00:07:37,020 water jet design at the Grand Canyon. 146 00:07:37,020 --> 00:07:39,490 Hamilton vowed to be the first to take a vessel up 147 00:07:39,490 --> 00:07:42,060 a 160 kilometer section of this 148 00:07:42,060 --> 00:07:45,500 notoriously unnavigable Colorado river. 149 00:07:45,500 --> 00:07:48,200 Now, it may look calm right here, but upriver, 150 00:07:48,200 --> 00:07:49,670 the rapids are crazy. 151 00:07:51,700 --> 00:07:53,910 He traveled against the current, 152 00:07:53,910 --> 00:07:58,310 including the notorious Vulcan rapids in just nine days. 153 00:07:58,310 --> 00:08:02,510 With his son John at the helm, Hamilton made history 154 00:08:02,520 --> 00:08:04,820 and conquered the mighty river. 155 00:08:07,990 --> 00:08:09,920 - Whoo! - almost 60 years later, 156 00:08:09,920 --> 00:08:12,460 Hamilton's water jet's sheer power... 157 00:08:12,460 --> 00:08:15,460 This acceleration is intense. 158 00:08:15,460 --> 00:08:18,330 ...And its ability to navigate shallow waters 159 00:08:18,330 --> 00:08:19,660 with the added benefit 160 00:08:19,670 --> 00:08:23,100 of mind-blowing maneuverability... Here we go! 161 00:08:23,100 --> 00:08:24,870 Yes! 162 00:08:26,070 --> 00:08:29,540 ...Continues to open up new waters. 163 00:08:29,540 --> 00:08:31,980 Whoo! 164 00:08:31,980 --> 00:08:34,610 Thanks to this spectacular demonstration 165 00:08:34,610 --> 00:08:38,950 of man versus rapids, this unique propulsion system 166 00:08:38,950 --> 00:08:41,120 was embraced across the planet. 167 00:08:41,120 --> 00:08:42,390 All right, let's go! 168 00:08:58,470 --> 00:09:00,970 The ships' engineers have super-sized 169 00:09:00,970 --> 00:09:02,970 Hamilton's water jet innovation 170 00:09:02,980 --> 00:09:05,640 to create a revolutionary propulsion system, 171 00:09:05,650 --> 00:09:09,650 capable of going 45 miles per hour in shallow waters. 172 00:09:13,190 --> 00:09:15,820 The way that this ship achieves that speed is through the use 173 00:09:15,820 --> 00:09:19,720 of two gas turbines and two diesel engines 174 00:09:19,730 --> 00:09:22,230 that drive a propulsion train 175 00:09:22,230 --> 00:09:25,300 that is propelled by water jets. 176 00:09:25,300 --> 00:09:28,830 At Austal U.S.A.'s shipyard in mobile, Alabama, 177 00:09:28,840 --> 00:09:31,800 the latest independence variant, u.S.S. Tulsa, 178 00:09:31,800 --> 00:09:33,700 is having her jets inspected 179 00:09:33,710 --> 00:09:36,740 and getting ready for launch. 180 00:09:36,740 --> 00:09:38,240 When this ship is going full power, 181 00:09:38,240 --> 00:09:40,310 there's roughly 24,000 gallons 182 00:09:40,310 --> 00:09:43,710 per second passing through these four water jets, 183 00:09:43,720 --> 00:09:45,280 which equates to the ability 184 00:09:45,290 --> 00:09:47,420 to fill two Olympic-sized swimming pools 185 00:09:47,420 --> 00:09:49,920 in less than a minute. 186 00:09:52,260 --> 00:09:54,360 Not only do these massive jets 187 00:09:54,360 --> 00:09:58,700 generate colossal power, they also act as a rudder. 188 00:09:58,700 --> 00:10:02,900 Each water jet is capable of independently being steered, 189 00:10:02,900 --> 00:10:06,170 which allows for a lot of flexibility and maneuverability. 190 00:10:08,240 --> 00:10:10,470 Like Hamilton's water jet system, 191 00:10:10,480 --> 00:10:13,040 water goes through four mighty impellers 192 00:10:13,050 --> 00:10:16,780 and discharges at high velocity. 193 00:10:16,780 --> 00:10:19,580 To steer, each jet's water flow is deflected 194 00:10:19,590 --> 00:10:20,950 by a rotating nozzle, 195 00:10:20,950 --> 00:10:24,090 enabling fast, agile maneuvers. 196 00:10:24,090 --> 00:10:27,530 And to reverse, buckets pivot over the exit nozzles, 197 00:10:27,530 --> 00:10:30,490 forcing the jet flow backwards. 198 00:10:30,500 --> 00:10:32,860 Built into the hull, these massive ships 199 00:10:32,870 --> 00:10:36,030 can operate in just 14 feet of water. 200 00:10:40,610 --> 00:10:42,710 300 yards, turn. 201 00:10:42,710 --> 00:10:44,840 Next course... 309. 202 00:10:44,840 --> 00:10:46,480 Off the California coast, 203 00:10:46,480 --> 00:10:48,710 commander Mark Stefanik is harnessing 204 00:10:48,720 --> 00:10:54,390 this incredible power aboard the u.S.S. Montgomery. 205 00:10:54,390 --> 00:10:58,260 The water jet system allows me to turn and maneuver the ship 206 00:10:58,260 --> 00:10:59,960 with much more fidelity 207 00:10:59,960 --> 00:11:03,030 and a great deal more responsiveness 208 00:11:03,030 --> 00:11:05,030 than a traditional ship. 209 00:11:07,070 --> 00:11:11,540 So by creating opposite forces on either side of the ship, 210 00:11:11,540 --> 00:11:14,810 I can actually turn the ship almost on its own axis. 211 00:11:17,280 --> 00:11:19,410 I can twist the ship in a perfect circle 212 00:11:19,410 --> 00:11:23,850 because of the amount of control I have through the water jets. 213 00:11:23,850 --> 00:11:27,620 The 100,000-horsepower propulsion moves this massive 214 00:11:27,620 --> 00:11:31,460 ship over 45 miles per hour. 215 00:11:31,460 --> 00:11:34,330 This is actually our full capacity right now. 216 00:11:34,330 --> 00:11:38,830 You can tell there's quite a bit of turbulence back there. 217 00:11:38,830 --> 00:11:43,900 And this vessel can practically stop on a dime. 218 00:11:43,900 --> 00:11:47,810 I've pulled the ship to stern and go from full speed to zero. 219 00:11:47,810 --> 00:11:49,640 It's a very, very smooth transition. 220 00:11:49,640 --> 00:11:52,110 The entire ship just basically will stop in the water 221 00:11:52,110 --> 00:11:54,180 within less than a minute. 222 00:11:54,180 --> 00:11:56,410 By using water jet propulsion, 223 00:11:56,420 --> 00:11:58,850 at 29 horsepower per ton, 224 00:11:58,850 --> 00:12:00,790 compared to an aircraft carrier's 225 00:12:00,790 --> 00:12:02,450 three horsepower per ton, 226 00:12:02,460 --> 00:12:04,890 these combat ships are the most efficient 227 00:12:04,890 --> 00:12:06,360 in the U.S. Navy. 228 00:12:06,360 --> 00:12:08,390 It's basically like driving a jet ski. 229 00:12:08,390 --> 00:12:10,390 This ship could actually maneuver sideways. 230 00:12:10,400 --> 00:12:13,030 It could pivot itself by standing still. 231 00:12:13,030 --> 00:12:14,830 That's something totally different 232 00:12:14,830 --> 00:12:17,100 from any other warship out there. 233 00:12:21,810 --> 00:12:24,510 This propulsion system is unrivaled. 234 00:12:24,510 --> 00:12:26,540 But to be truly trailblazing, 235 00:12:26,550 --> 00:12:28,880 the designers of these incredible ships 236 00:12:28,880 --> 00:12:31,320 must overcome more hurdles 237 00:12:31,320 --> 00:12:33,750 and turn to the innovations from the past. 238 00:12:38,620 --> 00:12:41,190 To make the impossible possible. 239 00:12:54,990 --> 00:12:56,890 The littoral combat ships. 240 00:12:56,890 --> 00:12:59,960 These are the fastest and most agile combat ships 241 00:12:59,960 --> 00:13:03,290 in the U.S. Navy. 242 00:13:03,290 --> 00:13:05,660 And program manager, captain Tom Anderson, 243 00:13:05,660 --> 00:13:09,930 believes they are unstoppable. 244 00:13:09,930 --> 00:13:14,170 If you're a pirate or you're a drug runner 245 00:13:14,170 --> 00:13:16,040 and you see that ship coming towards ya, 246 00:13:16,040 --> 00:13:17,340 it's time to shut down your engines 247 00:13:17,340 --> 00:13:19,340 and put up your hands. 248 00:13:19,340 --> 00:13:22,080 But to operate fully armed and at full speed 249 00:13:22,080 --> 00:13:24,810 without getting beached in shallow waters, 250 00:13:24,820 --> 00:13:29,050 the ships must also be exceptionally light. 251 00:13:29,050 --> 00:13:31,590 Every pound that goes into this ship is assessed, 252 00:13:31,590 --> 00:13:33,190 because every pound that goes into this ship 253 00:13:33,190 --> 00:13:35,390 is an increase in its draft 254 00:13:35,390 --> 00:13:38,330 and a decrease in its speed. 255 00:13:38,330 --> 00:13:40,700 And u.S.S. Freedom's chief engineer, 256 00:13:40,700 --> 00:13:42,430 lieutenant Damon Gilbert, 257 00:13:42,430 --> 00:13:46,100 had to strike the right balance. 258 00:13:46,100 --> 00:13:48,500 The difficulty we find with the older ship designs 259 00:13:48,510 --> 00:13:51,310 is the steel hull with the steel superstructure 260 00:13:51,310 --> 00:13:53,440 makes the ship incredibly heavy. 261 00:13:53,440 --> 00:13:56,950 The less weight we have equals a smaller draft. 262 00:13:56,950 --> 00:14:00,820 Smaller draft equals a longer sustainability 263 00:14:00,820 --> 00:14:02,650 without worrying about running aground, 264 00:14:02,650 --> 00:14:05,150 without worrying about getting into situations 265 00:14:05,160 --> 00:14:07,160 that we can't come back out of. 266 00:14:07,160 --> 00:14:10,090 So how do you build a lightweight combat ship 267 00:14:10,090 --> 00:14:14,060 without compromising on strength or size? 268 00:14:14,060 --> 00:14:15,760 To resolve this conundrum, 269 00:14:15,770 --> 00:14:18,170 the engineers looked to the past. 270 00:14:26,380 --> 00:14:29,640 Humanity has always strived to find the perfect material 271 00:14:29,650 --> 00:14:30,880 to stay afloat. 272 00:14:33,220 --> 00:14:35,280 The Tamil fisherman of south Asia 273 00:14:35,290 --> 00:14:38,490 only need a log under each arm. 274 00:14:38,490 --> 00:14:39,920 Come here! 275 00:14:39,920 --> 00:14:43,220 But when partially submerged, there was a catch. 276 00:14:43,230 --> 00:14:44,590 Yow! 277 00:14:46,730 --> 00:14:48,430 In the 9th century B.C., 278 00:14:48,430 --> 00:14:51,330 Assyrian soldiers lied on inflatable goat skins 279 00:14:51,330 --> 00:14:53,170 to sneak up on the enemy. 280 00:14:55,670 --> 00:14:56,770 Uh-oh. 281 00:14:56,770 --> 00:14:58,270 Although they were lightweight... 282 00:15:00,080 --> 00:15:03,010 The skins were vulnerable. 283 00:15:03,010 --> 00:15:06,610 Oof! uh, hello. 284 00:15:06,620 --> 00:15:07,920 And push. 285 00:15:07,920 --> 00:15:09,980 For some, Clay was a cheap alternative. 286 00:15:09,990 --> 00:15:13,290 A row of pots could buoy a raft easily. 287 00:15:13,290 --> 00:15:15,220 Steady. 288 00:15:15,230 --> 00:15:17,060 Look out! 289 00:15:17,060 --> 00:15:18,890 Oh! 290 00:15:18,900 --> 00:15:23,970 But avoiding the rocks wasn't always possible. 291 00:15:23,970 --> 00:15:25,900 Oh, no! 292 00:15:25,900 --> 00:15:29,170 Shipbuilders needed a more durable material. 293 00:15:34,950 --> 00:15:38,210 Engineer Dan Dickrell is in Tulsa, Oklahoma, 294 00:15:38,220 --> 00:15:40,380 unveiling a game-changing marvel 295 00:15:40,380 --> 00:15:43,890 that sparked both a naval and aviation revolution. 296 00:15:58,000 --> 00:16:01,770 Oh, wow! What a beautiful airplane. 297 00:16:01,770 --> 00:16:04,010 Such an engineering icon. 298 00:16:08,380 --> 00:16:11,310 This is the DC-3 flagship Detroit. 299 00:16:11,310 --> 00:16:13,780 She was constructed 80 years ago, 300 00:16:13,780 --> 00:16:16,850 the oldest flying DC-3 in the world. 301 00:16:16,850 --> 00:16:18,850 Prior to this stunning machine, 302 00:16:18,860 --> 00:16:22,090 most planes were made of wood. 303 00:16:22,090 --> 00:16:26,690 Although lightweight, wood broke easily. 304 00:16:26,700 --> 00:16:29,600 And in 1931, a Fokker F.10 305 00:16:29,600 --> 00:16:33,470 lost an entire wing, crashing into the Kansas prairie, 306 00:16:33,470 --> 00:16:36,400 killing all eight people on board. 307 00:16:36,410 --> 00:16:40,110 As America reeled, wood-frame construction ceased, 308 00:16:40,110 --> 00:16:42,610 and engineers had to turn to metal. 309 00:16:44,810 --> 00:16:47,120 But this transition was only possible 310 00:16:47,120 --> 00:16:48,720 because of a chance discovery 311 00:16:48,720 --> 00:16:52,790 by German metallurgist Alfred Wilm. 312 00:16:52,790 --> 00:16:56,560 Different metals also had different weights between them. 313 00:16:56,560 --> 00:16:58,960 Here we have aluminum, and here we have steel. 314 00:16:58,960 --> 00:17:02,760 For the same size, steel weighs about three times as much. 315 00:17:02,770 --> 00:17:04,730 Because of aluminum's relative light weight, 316 00:17:04,730 --> 00:17:06,730 it seems like the ideal material 317 00:17:06,740 --> 00:17:08,370 to construct aircraft from. 318 00:17:08,370 --> 00:17:11,740 The problem was 100 years ago, it just wasn't strong enough. 319 00:17:14,610 --> 00:17:17,150 To strengthen it, Alfred Wilm experimented 320 00:17:17,150 --> 00:17:21,220 with aluminum's chemical makeup. 321 00:17:21,220 --> 00:17:23,320 He introduced different metals... 322 00:17:23,320 --> 00:17:26,220 manganese, magnesium, and copper... 323 00:17:26,220 --> 00:17:28,220 in different ratios to create an alloy. 324 00:17:28,230 --> 00:17:31,930 He heated it to high temperatures then quenched it. 325 00:17:31,930 --> 00:17:34,800 He repeated this process over and over again. 326 00:17:34,800 --> 00:17:36,600 Unfortunately... 327 00:17:39,140 --> 00:17:41,100 The aluminum was still very bendable. 328 00:17:41,100 --> 00:17:42,770 Wilm gave up. 329 00:17:42,770 --> 00:17:45,910 But when he returned to the lab a few days later, 330 00:17:45,910 --> 00:17:48,440 something extraordinary had happened, 331 00:17:48,450 --> 00:17:50,350 something so transformative 332 00:17:50,350 --> 00:17:52,150 it would go on to revolutionize 333 00:17:52,150 --> 00:17:54,780 military hardware across the planet. 334 00:17:54,780 --> 00:17:57,690 It was very strong and quite literally changed 335 00:17:57,690 --> 00:17:59,290 the face of aviation. 336 00:17:59,290 --> 00:18:02,490 Making this impossible warship possible. 337 00:18:13,810 --> 00:18:16,470 The littoral combat ships are the fastest 338 00:18:16,480 --> 00:18:18,280 in the U.S. Navy. 339 00:18:18,280 --> 00:18:20,680 But building attack vessels that are light enough 340 00:18:20,680 --> 00:18:22,280 to navigate shallow waters 341 00:18:22,280 --> 00:18:24,150 without compromising on speed 342 00:18:24,150 --> 00:18:28,180 or size relies on a revolutionary discovery. 343 00:18:31,020 --> 00:18:34,320 After experimenting with an aluminum alloy and giving up, 344 00:18:34,330 --> 00:18:36,060 metallurgist Alfred Wilm discovered 345 00:18:36,060 --> 00:18:39,530 something completely unexpected a few days later. 346 00:18:39,530 --> 00:18:42,800 The aluminum... Had age-hardened. 347 00:18:42,800 --> 00:18:46,100 It was much, much stronger. 348 00:18:46,100 --> 00:18:49,310 Wilm's introduction of new metals chemically altered 349 00:18:49,310 --> 00:18:52,810 the aluminum's soft crystals, and, over time, 350 00:18:52,810 --> 00:18:55,280 new minute crystals had grown within 351 00:18:55,280 --> 00:18:57,750 each one of the aluminum crystals, 352 00:18:57,750 --> 00:19:00,020 reinforcing the overall structure. 353 00:19:00,020 --> 00:19:02,850 Wilm called this new material duraluminium. 354 00:19:02,850 --> 00:19:04,190 It was very strong, 355 00:19:04,190 --> 00:19:07,960 and quite literally changed the face of aviation. 356 00:19:07,960 --> 00:19:11,430 The new alloy became known as the winged metal, 357 00:19:11,430 --> 00:19:13,900 and 80 years after its construction, 358 00:19:13,900 --> 00:19:16,630 this iconic all-aluminum DC-3 359 00:19:16,640 --> 00:19:19,270 is taking to the skies once more. 360 00:19:37,690 --> 00:19:41,960 First launched in 1935, the lightweight DC-3s 361 00:19:41,960 --> 00:19:43,360 became the world's first 362 00:19:43,360 --> 00:19:46,060 commercially successful passenger planes. 363 00:20:19,660 --> 00:20:22,200 Taking inspiration from aerospace, 364 00:20:22,200 --> 00:20:26,370 L.c.s. freedom variant engineers have used high-grade aluminum 365 00:20:26,370 --> 00:20:28,810 to create some of the lightest combat ships 366 00:20:28,810 --> 00:20:31,510 of this size ever built. 367 00:20:31,510 --> 00:20:36,010 The actual hull itself is steel, where the superstructure 368 00:20:36,010 --> 00:20:38,450 or what we like to call sometimes the house 369 00:20:38,450 --> 00:20:40,580 where people live and where all the facilities 370 00:20:40,590 --> 00:20:42,950 are is actually comprised of aluminum, 371 00:20:42,950 --> 00:20:45,560 thus saving literally tons of weight, 372 00:20:45,560 --> 00:20:49,360 which has a direct effect on the draft. 373 00:20:49,360 --> 00:20:54,060 Despite the freedom variant being 387 feet long 374 00:20:54,070 --> 00:20:56,370 and 57 feet wide 375 00:20:56,370 --> 00:20:59,540 and with a steel hull and aluminum superstructure, 376 00:20:59,540 --> 00:21:03,570 the ship weights a comparatively light 4,000 tons 377 00:21:03,580 --> 00:21:06,280 with a draft of only 14 feet. 378 00:21:09,920 --> 00:21:12,220 But engineers on the independence variant 379 00:21:12,220 --> 00:21:15,620 have gone one big step further. 380 00:21:15,620 --> 00:21:21,520 So the "L" in L.C.S. Doesn't stand for little. 381 00:21:21,530 --> 00:21:23,890 This ship is the largest all-aluminum vessel 382 00:21:23,900 --> 00:21:26,560 operating on the seas today. 383 00:21:26,570 --> 00:21:29,300 While constructing these trimaran mega-ships 384 00:21:29,300 --> 00:21:32,300 in Austal U.S.A.'s Alabama shipyard, 385 00:21:32,300 --> 00:21:37,070 at 415 feet long and a colossal 100 feet wide, 386 00:21:37,080 --> 00:21:38,880 every pound counts. 387 00:21:41,210 --> 00:21:45,180 Aluminum has great strength-to-weight ratio. 388 00:21:45,180 --> 00:21:48,920 It's a third of the density of steel. 389 00:21:48,920 --> 00:21:51,120 And for the volume of ship we're building here, 390 00:21:51,120 --> 00:21:53,220 aluminum structure was the only way 391 00:21:53,230 --> 00:21:56,960 for us to meet speed, range, 392 00:21:56,960 --> 00:21:59,460 and draft requirements. 393 00:22:03,840 --> 00:22:06,700 Taking Alfred Wilm's approach to the next level, 394 00:22:06,710 --> 00:22:09,440 engineers have adjusted the aluminum recipe, 395 00:22:09,440 --> 00:22:13,880 preparing the ship for salty waters. 396 00:22:13,880 --> 00:22:16,080 Aluminum alloys that we used in construction of this ship 397 00:22:16,080 --> 00:22:18,010 have good corrosive properties, 398 00:22:18,020 --> 00:22:20,050 which means, unlike other Navy ships 399 00:22:20,050 --> 00:22:22,120 where exposed steel needs to be painted, 400 00:22:22,120 --> 00:22:24,490 this ship is not painted above the water line. 401 00:22:24,490 --> 00:22:28,390 That saves us money and it also reduces the weight of the ship. 402 00:22:31,100 --> 00:22:33,930 This weight reduction helped decrease the independence 403 00:22:33,930 --> 00:22:37,070 variant's draft to a mere 14 feet. 404 00:22:37,070 --> 00:22:40,400 And that enables us to go into waters and visit ports 405 00:22:40,410 --> 00:22:42,140 that traditionally our Navy ships 406 00:22:42,140 --> 00:22:43,940 have not been able to get into. 407 00:22:49,610 --> 00:22:52,620 The designers of these revolutionary ships 408 00:22:52,620 --> 00:22:55,590 are pushing the limits of marine engineering, 409 00:22:55,590 --> 00:22:58,520 but to effectively carry out multiple missions, 410 00:22:58,520 --> 00:23:01,990 they had to draw on more innovations from the past... 411 00:23:01,990 --> 00:23:04,560 Here I am, aboard the ray gun. 412 00:23:04,560 --> 00:23:09,070 This can manage speeds of up to 28 miles an hour. 413 00:23:09,070 --> 00:23:11,900 ...To make the impossible possible. 414 00:23:25,280 --> 00:23:27,250 The littoral combat ship, 415 00:23:27,250 --> 00:23:29,920 built to patrol the shallow coastal waters 416 00:23:29,920 --> 00:23:31,220 called the littorals. 417 00:23:31,220 --> 00:23:34,360 Program manager Tom Anderson has helped take 418 00:23:34,360 --> 00:23:38,700 the U.S. Navy's fastest combat ships to a whole new level. 419 00:23:38,700 --> 00:23:42,130 Operating in the shallows require high-speed ships 420 00:23:42,130 --> 00:23:43,800 with shallow drafts. 421 00:23:43,800 --> 00:23:48,370 The answer to those challenges is the littoral combat ship. 422 00:23:53,880 --> 00:23:56,550 Made up of the mono-hulled freedom variant 423 00:23:56,550 --> 00:23:58,980 and the trimaran independence variant, 424 00:23:58,990 --> 00:24:01,490 the L.C.S.'S power-to-weight ratio 425 00:24:01,490 --> 00:24:05,020 is more than double that of a typical destroyer, 426 00:24:05,020 --> 00:24:08,690 and there's a reason the ships need such flexibility. 427 00:24:12,530 --> 00:24:14,570 We need to have a ship that's capable of doing 428 00:24:14,570 --> 00:24:16,330 multiple missions, 429 00:24:16,340 --> 00:24:18,770 whether it's searching for submarines, 430 00:24:18,770 --> 00:24:22,510 finding minefields and detonating those mines... 431 00:24:22,510 --> 00:24:25,380 all these things are required for the future Navy. 432 00:24:27,610 --> 00:24:29,880 But to be truly adaptable, 433 00:24:29,880 --> 00:24:32,380 not only must these ships carry equipment 434 00:24:32,390 --> 00:24:34,250 for multiple assignments, 435 00:24:34,250 --> 00:24:37,050 they must also provide an effective platform 436 00:24:37,060 --> 00:24:40,220 for air-based missions. 437 00:24:40,230 --> 00:24:43,130 We're conducting helicopter operations. 438 00:24:43,130 --> 00:24:45,930 Their are limitations as far as how much pitch 439 00:24:45,930 --> 00:24:49,800 and roll a ship can have based on the weather and environments 440 00:24:49,800 --> 00:24:54,270 in order to conduct those helicopter operations. 441 00:24:54,270 --> 00:24:57,310 So how do you marry the performance of a speed boat 442 00:24:57,310 --> 00:25:01,280 with the volume and stability of of an aircraft carrier? 443 00:25:01,280 --> 00:25:04,050 To solve this seemingly impossible problem, 444 00:25:04,050 --> 00:25:06,350 the U.S. Navy's designers had to seek 445 00:25:06,350 --> 00:25:08,890 more inspiration from the past. 446 00:25:19,770 --> 00:25:21,700 Off the south coast of England, 447 00:25:21,700 --> 00:25:24,000 science communicator Kate Mulcahy 448 00:25:24,000 --> 00:25:26,970 is investigating the origins of one of the fastest, 449 00:25:26,970 --> 00:25:31,840 but most stable sailing vessels ever built. 450 00:25:31,840 --> 00:25:34,510 Here I am, aboard the ray gun. 451 00:25:34,510 --> 00:25:38,220 This is a 24-foot boat that can still manage 452 00:25:38,220 --> 00:25:41,350 speeds of up to 28 miles an hour. 453 00:25:41,350 --> 00:25:45,460 It has not one, but three hulls that are designed to cut 454 00:25:45,460 --> 00:25:48,890 through the water to provide minimum resistance. 455 00:25:52,730 --> 00:25:56,870 In 1946, Ukrainian engineer Victor Tchetchet 456 00:25:56,870 --> 00:25:58,970 unveiled this trailblazing shape 457 00:25:58,970 --> 00:26:01,640 at Marblehead race week in Massachusetts, 458 00:26:01,640 --> 00:26:04,540 calling it a trimaran. 459 00:26:04,540 --> 00:26:07,440 Although revolutionary in the yacht-racing world, 460 00:26:07,450 --> 00:26:10,450 his design was inspired by pacific islanders 461 00:26:10,450 --> 00:26:13,280 looking to improve the humble canoe. 462 00:26:16,920 --> 00:26:19,590 You can still see why this design has endured 463 00:26:19,590 --> 00:26:21,660 for so many years. 464 00:26:21,660 --> 00:26:23,190 It's thin and long, which means 465 00:26:23,200 --> 00:26:25,630 it moves easily through the water. 466 00:26:25,630 --> 00:26:27,500 Also, it doesn't have a keel, 467 00:26:27,500 --> 00:26:29,500 so it sits quite high in the water. 468 00:26:29,500 --> 00:26:32,140 That means it's perfect for exploring shallow, 469 00:26:32,140 --> 00:26:34,970 narrow waterways. 470 00:26:34,970 --> 00:26:38,280 Despite all of this, it can only go as fast as I 471 00:26:38,280 --> 00:26:39,910 or anyone can paddle in it, 472 00:26:39,910 --> 00:26:41,810 which means its speed is limited. 473 00:26:41,810 --> 00:26:45,980 Secondly, as you can see, it's not very stable. 474 00:26:45,990 --> 00:26:48,520 So imagine this out on the open water 475 00:26:48,520 --> 00:26:50,150 contending against waves. 476 00:26:50,160 --> 00:26:53,190 So if I was to try and get in this... 477 00:26:53,190 --> 00:26:56,560 If I try and... oh! 478 00:26:56,560 --> 00:27:01,470 I don't even think... It would be possible... 479 00:27:01,470 --> 00:27:03,930 Oh! ...without it capsizing. 480 00:27:03,940 --> 00:27:07,370 So not ideal. 481 00:27:07,370 --> 00:27:09,740 To island-hop across the open ocean, 482 00:27:09,740 --> 00:27:12,710 the pacific islanders needed a new design. 483 00:27:17,520 --> 00:27:21,650 And what they came up with was this. 484 00:27:21,650 --> 00:27:25,420 This is the same long fin, central hull, 485 00:27:25,420 --> 00:27:30,330 but with two outriggers lashed parallel on either side. 486 00:27:30,330 --> 00:27:33,430 Now, when we were making this, we used plastic tubing, 487 00:27:33,430 --> 00:27:35,730 but they would have been using just logs. 488 00:27:38,440 --> 00:27:40,200 The addition of outriggers 489 00:27:40,210 --> 00:27:42,940 instantly transformed this simple canoe. 490 00:27:51,780 --> 00:27:55,050 So you can see this boat is much more stable. 491 00:27:55,050 --> 00:27:58,060 It's practically impossible to capsize it. 492 00:27:58,060 --> 00:28:02,060 The addition of the outriggers has increased the stability 493 00:28:02,060 --> 00:28:03,830 and also increased the buoyancy. 494 00:28:03,830 --> 00:28:06,330 That means that it sits higher up in the water 495 00:28:06,330 --> 00:28:09,300 and means it's easier to explore the shallows. 496 00:28:09,300 --> 00:28:11,740 And, finally, allowed me to add a sail, 497 00:28:11,740 --> 00:28:18,010 so no more paddling for me. 498 00:28:18,010 --> 00:28:20,480 With these clever additions, islanders 499 00:28:20,480 --> 00:28:22,210 could access countless islands 500 00:28:22,210 --> 00:28:24,250 throughout the pacific ocean. 501 00:28:28,620 --> 00:28:31,020 Improving on the ideas of the islanders, 502 00:28:31,020 --> 00:28:34,960 Tchetchet used the wide stable base to create 503 00:28:34,960 --> 00:28:37,030 a gracious spread of sail. 504 00:28:37,030 --> 00:28:40,700 He also streamlined the light, buoyant hulls so they cut 505 00:28:40,700 --> 00:28:43,600 through the water and created minimal drag. 506 00:28:43,600 --> 00:28:46,370 All of this is what makes the trimaran 507 00:28:46,370 --> 00:28:48,010 as one of the fastest class 508 00:28:48,010 --> 00:28:50,540 of sailing boat in the world today. 509 00:28:57,580 --> 00:29:00,650 Employing a trimaran on a yacht is one thing, 510 00:29:00,650 --> 00:29:03,820 but integrating this design onto a 4,000-ton 511 00:29:03,820 --> 00:29:06,290 combat ship is quite another. 512 00:29:06,290 --> 00:29:07,860 Trimarans are really important 513 00:29:07,860 --> 00:29:11,130 when you're doing surface warfare type events. 514 00:29:11,130 --> 00:29:13,530 To super-size this technology, 515 00:29:13,530 --> 00:29:15,030 the Navy's engineers 516 00:29:15,030 --> 00:29:17,800 had to make the impossible possible. 517 00:29:28,910 --> 00:29:30,880 The littoral combat ships 518 00:29:30,880 --> 00:29:35,220 are the U.S. Navy's fastest warships. 519 00:29:35,220 --> 00:29:39,290 To achieve maritime speeds of 45 miles per hour, 520 00:29:39,290 --> 00:29:41,490 engineers super-sized the principles 521 00:29:41,490 --> 00:29:43,530 behind Tchetchet's racing yacht 522 00:29:43,530 --> 00:29:45,090 to create the Navy's first 523 00:29:45,100 --> 00:29:48,100 high-performance trimaran combat ship. 524 00:29:48,100 --> 00:29:50,970 And at Austal U.S.A.'s shipyard in Alabama, 525 00:29:50,970 --> 00:29:55,640 the u.S.S. Tulsa is receiving its finishing touches. 526 00:29:55,640 --> 00:30:00,610 You see it has a very fine-tuned bow, designed to Pierce waves. 527 00:30:03,680 --> 00:30:06,180 As we go further back, you see the hull widen. 528 00:30:06,180 --> 00:30:09,580 And just here to the right, you can see the outrigger. 529 00:30:09,590 --> 00:30:12,290 And, again, just like those canoes with the outriggers, 530 00:30:12,290 --> 00:30:14,060 which give us that added stability, 531 00:30:14,060 --> 00:30:16,560 we get high speed. 532 00:30:20,460 --> 00:30:22,230 The stabilized central hull 533 00:30:22,230 --> 00:30:24,500 with two outriggers moves the ship 534 00:30:24,500 --> 00:30:26,530 displacement point upwards. 535 00:30:26,540 --> 00:30:29,040 This reduces drag, allowing the ship 536 00:30:29,040 --> 00:30:34,240 to reach speeds of over 45 miles per hour. 537 00:30:34,240 --> 00:30:36,880 Additionally, the ship's vast width allows 538 00:30:36,880 --> 00:30:39,810 for an 11,000-square-foot flight deck, 539 00:30:39,820 --> 00:30:43,020 and the vessel can accommodate smaller boats below, 540 00:30:43,020 --> 00:30:47,890 extending its capabilities across the world's oceans. 541 00:30:47,890 --> 00:30:51,860 Trimarans are stabile platforms, and those are really important 542 00:30:51,860 --> 00:30:55,230 when you're doing things like operating helicopters, 543 00:30:55,230 --> 00:30:57,270 launching vehicles, 544 00:30:57,270 --> 00:30:59,670 and conducting high-speed maneuvers 545 00:30:59,670 --> 00:31:02,800 when you're doing surface warfare type events. 546 00:31:05,380 --> 00:31:09,710 At sea level, this unique engineering is clear. 547 00:31:09,710 --> 00:31:11,280 You get a really good perspective of just 548 00:31:11,280 --> 00:31:13,180 how wide the ship is 549 00:31:13,180 --> 00:31:16,580 and how that trimaran design provides for stability. 550 00:31:19,720 --> 00:31:21,860 Commander Douglas Meagher is traveling 551 00:31:21,860 --> 00:31:25,860 between its outriggers, also known as amas. 552 00:31:28,630 --> 00:31:32,330 We've got over 200 feet worth of ama tunnel here. 553 00:31:32,340 --> 00:31:35,900 Were as the ship transits through the water at high speed, 554 00:31:35,910 --> 00:31:38,340 you get the very slender main body hull, 555 00:31:38,340 --> 00:31:40,610 and you have this ama that's cutting the water 556 00:31:40,610 --> 00:31:42,680 and maintaining the ship's stability 557 00:31:42,680 --> 00:31:45,250 at 40-plus knots. 558 00:31:45,250 --> 00:31:47,550 Any other ship in the Navy, 559 00:31:47,550 --> 00:31:50,120 you're not gonna be underneath the main 560 00:31:50,120 --> 00:31:52,190 hull form of the ship like this. 561 00:31:52,190 --> 00:31:54,620 This is a one-of-a-kind design. 562 00:32:03,000 --> 00:32:05,970 In its home port of San Diego, California, 563 00:32:05,970 --> 00:32:07,840 both the freedom and independence 564 00:32:07,840 --> 00:32:10,040 variants of these combat ships 565 00:32:10,040 --> 00:32:12,710 are changing the face of nautical design. 566 00:32:14,780 --> 00:32:16,380 The littoral combat ships allow us 567 00:32:16,380 --> 00:32:20,220 to operate at high speeds in shallow water 568 00:32:20,220 --> 00:32:21,850 with stability unmatched by 569 00:32:21,850 --> 00:32:24,890 any other naval ship of this size. 570 00:32:28,230 --> 00:32:30,660 And now commander Mark Stefanik 571 00:32:30,660 --> 00:32:33,430 is setting off in the u.S.S. Montgomery 572 00:32:33,430 --> 00:32:37,230 to patrol the California coast. 573 00:32:37,230 --> 00:32:39,770 Well, he is definitely cutting the channel. 574 00:32:39,770 --> 00:32:41,270 Let's give him the five short. 575 00:32:41,270 --> 00:32:45,510 Five short. 576 00:32:45,510 --> 00:32:47,240 But in these busy waters, 577 00:32:47,240 --> 00:32:51,150 unforeseen hazards lurk everywhere. 578 00:32:51,150 --> 00:32:55,250 Got a jet ski off the port side, 350 headed forward aft. 579 00:32:55,250 --> 00:32:56,550 All right, I think we have a good shot 580 00:32:56,550 --> 00:32:58,620 at taking them down our starboard side. 581 00:32:58,620 --> 00:33:01,460 - 60 yards, right? - All right, steady as she goes. 582 00:33:01,460 --> 00:33:03,420 Steady as she goes, 178. 583 00:33:06,900 --> 00:33:09,630 So there's a number of sailboats that we had to maneuver for, 584 00:33:09,630 --> 00:33:11,600 as well as some other small craft. 585 00:33:11,600 --> 00:33:15,170 So that did add to the complexity of the ship 586 00:33:15,170 --> 00:33:16,970 trying to get underway. 587 00:33:19,910 --> 00:33:23,510 Crowded coastal waters are just the start. 588 00:33:23,510 --> 00:33:26,980 Out in the open ocean, it's pretty easy to determine 589 00:33:26,980 --> 00:33:28,780 what kind of traffic you're gonna deal with, 590 00:33:28,790 --> 00:33:30,350 'cause there's very little of it. 591 00:33:30,350 --> 00:33:31,950 When you're in a littoral environment, 592 00:33:31,960 --> 00:33:33,920 you're operating in the vicinity 593 00:33:33,920 --> 00:33:36,420 of very dense commercial traffic. 594 00:33:36,430 --> 00:33:38,560 But in more hostile shallow waters, 595 00:33:38,560 --> 00:33:40,230 determining friend from foe 596 00:33:40,230 --> 00:33:42,900 can be the difference between life and death. 597 00:33:42,900 --> 00:33:45,730 Nothing is more critical to the captain, 598 00:33:45,740 --> 00:33:47,370 the decision to either engage 599 00:33:47,370 --> 00:33:50,270 or not engage a potential adversary. 600 00:33:50,270 --> 00:33:54,310 So how do you identify an enemy in a split second 601 00:33:54,310 --> 00:33:57,980 in some of the world's busiest seas? 602 00:33:57,980 --> 00:34:01,180 To do this, engineers had to turn to one of history's 603 00:34:01,180 --> 00:34:04,690 most vital innovations... 604 00:34:04,690 --> 00:34:06,353 to stand any chance of successfully defending 605 00:34:06,360 --> 00:34:08,690 the country, the R.A.F. Needed a way of knowing 606 00:34:08,690 --> 00:34:10,360 if an attack was imminent. 607 00:34:10,360 --> 00:34:12,460 This was a huge problem. 608 00:34:12,460 --> 00:34:15,030 ...To make the impossible possible. 609 00:34:25,650 --> 00:34:27,850 The littoral combat ships. 610 00:34:27,850 --> 00:34:30,560 As the U.S. Navy's fastest war vessels, 611 00:34:30,560 --> 00:34:32,920 these pioneering ships can patrol 612 00:34:32,930 --> 00:34:35,460 the shallowest coastlines across the planet 613 00:34:35,460 --> 00:34:37,360 with incredible dexterity. 614 00:34:37,360 --> 00:34:39,660 But to determine friend from foe, 615 00:34:39,670 --> 00:34:42,070 engineers had to turn to a revolutionary 616 00:34:42,070 --> 00:34:43,970 breakthrough from the past. 617 00:34:46,570 --> 00:34:48,470 Oh, ho ho! 618 00:34:48,480 --> 00:34:51,510 Engineer Luke Bisby is flying in the British royal 619 00:34:51,510 --> 00:34:55,210 air force's iconic biplane, the tiger moth. 620 00:34:55,220 --> 00:34:57,780 He's here to reveal an ingenious secret 621 00:34:57,780 --> 00:35:00,750 behind wartime engineering. 622 00:35:00,750 --> 00:35:03,450 One amazing airplane. 623 00:35:03,460 --> 00:35:06,420 In the mid 1930s, around the time that this aircraft 624 00:35:06,430 --> 00:35:08,790 was being used to train R.A.F. Pilots, 625 00:35:08,800 --> 00:35:10,530 the skies around the south coast of Britain 626 00:35:10,530 --> 00:35:12,960 were actually a fairly empty place. 627 00:35:12,970 --> 00:35:15,100 But with another war looming on the horizon, 628 00:35:15,100 --> 00:35:17,470 the air ministry was facing a serious problem. 629 00:35:20,140 --> 00:35:23,010 German's long-range zeppelin bombers 630 00:35:23,010 --> 00:35:26,410 had terrorized London during the first world war, 631 00:35:26,410 --> 00:35:27,980 and Britain's air defenses 632 00:35:27,980 --> 00:35:30,750 struggled to cope with the attack. 633 00:35:30,750 --> 00:35:32,450 To stand any chance of successfully defending 634 00:35:32,450 --> 00:35:34,750 the country, the R.A.F. Needed a way of knowing 635 00:35:34,750 --> 00:35:36,290 if an attack was imminent 636 00:35:36,290 --> 00:35:38,760 so they could get their own fighters into the air. 637 00:35:38,760 --> 00:35:41,960 This was a huge problem. 638 00:35:41,960 --> 00:35:44,460 Scottish physicist Robert Watson watt 639 00:35:44,460 --> 00:35:46,500 needed to overcome this hurdle. 640 00:35:48,970 --> 00:35:52,400 Working as a meteorologist during the first world war, 641 00:35:52,410 --> 00:35:54,570 watt detected the signals emitted 642 00:35:54,570 --> 00:35:57,040 from lightning by bouncing radio waves 643 00:35:57,040 --> 00:35:59,810 off of storm formations. 644 00:35:59,810 --> 00:36:03,550 And in 1935, with another war looking increasingly likely, 645 00:36:03,550 --> 00:36:05,920 he theorized that rather than bouncing radio waves 646 00:36:05,920 --> 00:36:07,420 off of thunderstorms, 647 00:36:07,420 --> 00:36:10,520 he could use them to detect incoming aircraft. 648 00:36:10,520 --> 00:36:13,260 He named his invention radio detection and ranging, 649 00:36:13,260 --> 00:36:15,090 eventually shortened to radar, 650 00:36:15,100 --> 00:36:16,560 and it dramatically changed the outcome 651 00:36:16,560 --> 00:36:18,130 of the second world war. 652 00:36:26,010 --> 00:36:27,870 This is how watt's system worked. 653 00:36:27,870 --> 00:36:29,970 In front of me, I have a slinky, which is stretched out 654 00:36:29,980 --> 00:36:32,810 between me and a potential incoming aircraft. 655 00:36:32,810 --> 00:36:35,080 And to work out the position of that incoming aircraft, 656 00:36:35,080 --> 00:36:37,380 a radio wave would be sent out into the sky, 657 00:36:37,380 --> 00:36:39,580 and I can simulate that by shaking this slinky. 658 00:36:41,450 --> 00:36:43,590 So you can see that when I send out a radio wave 659 00:36:43,590 --> 00:36:46,490 and it hits the aircraft, it gets reflected back, 660 00:36:46,490 --> 00:36:49,160 and I can detect the aircraft's presence. 661 00:36:49,160 --> 00:36:51,930 Because we know that radio waves travel at the speed of light, 662 00:36:51,930 --> 00:36:53,130 by working out the time difference 663 00:36:53,130 --> 00:36:54,830 between the time that the signal is sent out 664 00:36:54,830 --> 00:36:56,300 and the time that it comes back, 665 00:36:56,300 --> 00:36:58,470 I can determine how far away an aircraft is. 666 00:36:58,470 --> 00:37:02,770 And this was something that had never been done before. 667 00:37:02,780 --> 00:37:06,180 In 1935, watt successfully demonstrated 668 00:37:06,180 --> 00:37:10,520 his new system to the air ministry, and by 1938, 669 00:37:10,520 --> 00:37:12,580 the first five radar stations 670 00:37:12,590 --> 00:37:14,150 covering aerial approaches 671 00:37:14,150 --> 00:37:16,720 into London became operational. 672 00:37:19,590 --> 00:37:21,730 The system was code named chain home, 673 00:37:21,730 --> 00:37:23,930 and it relied on huge masts like this one to send 674 00:37:23,930 --> 00:37:25,960 radio waves out into the sky. 675 00:37:28,370 --> 00:37:30,740 By the outbreak of world war ii, 676 00:37:30,740 --> 00:37:33,540 a network of 21 steel transmitters 677 00:37:33,540 --> 00:37:35,040 and wooden receivers 678 00:37:35,040 --> 00:37:36,770 were constructed along the Southern 679 00:37:36,780 --> 00:37:39,480 and eastern coasts of the U.K. 680 00:37:46,350 --> 00:37:48,890 all right. 681 00:37:48,890 --> 00:37:50,960 Ah. 682 00:37:50,960 --> 00:37:52,390 Oh. 683 00:37:52,390 --> 00:37:54,160 That is a pretty amazing view. 684 00:37:57,000 --> 00:37:58,930 The chain home system was the first application 685 00:37:58,930 --> 00:38:01,470 of a radar air defense system anywhere in the world, 686 00:38:01,470 --> 00:38:04,900 and it gave the British a vital edge over the Germans. 687 00:38:04,900 --> 00:38:07,570 It was so powerful, it could even detect 688 00:38:07,570 --> 00:38:12,010 a German aerial formation over 150 miles away. 689 00:38:12,010 --> 00:38:14,850 And in 1939, the chain home low system was added, 690 00:38:14,850 --> 00:38:17,050 which allowed observers to detect not only distance, 691 00:38:17,050 --> 00:38:18,450 but also height. 692 00:38:18,450 --> 00:38:20,690 And this is a really incredible piece of engineering. 693 00:38:33,200 --> 00:38:36,230 80 years later, these incredible combat ships 694 00:38:36,240 --> 00:38:37,570 are patrolling the world's 695 00:38:37,570 --> 00:38:41,640 challenging coastal environments. 696 00:38:41,640 --> 00:38:43,370 - Captain's on the bridge. - Carry on. 697 00:38:43,380 --> 00:38:45,910 And crews aboard the independence variant 698 00:38:45,910 --> 00:38:48,910 have the next generation of watt's engineering 699 00:38:48,920 --> 00:38:50,980 breakthrough at their disposal... 700 00:38:50,980 --> 00:38:53,180 the sea giraffe radar. 701 00:38:55,720 --> 00:38:59,520 We need a radar that kind of packs a big radar punch, 702 00:38:59,530 --> 00:39:01,130 but in a small package. 703 00:39:01,130 --> 00:39:03,900 And that's what we get with the sea giraffe radar. 704 00:39:05,400 --> 00:39:08,170 You want to come over here, sir, we will... 705 00:39:08,170 --> 00:39:09,670 First, it goes through the nav plan. 706 00:39:09,670 --> 00:39:11,000 Okay. 707 00:39:11,000 --> 00:39:12,870 In congested, potentially-hostile waters, 708 00:39:12,870 --> 00:39:14,940 this state-of-the-art radar system 709 00:39:14,940 --> 00:39:16,970 helps the u.S.S. Independence 710 00:39:16,980 --> 00:39:19,210 determine friend from foe. 711 00:39:19,210 --> 00:39:21,010 Once we get here, we've got our critical points 712 00:39:21,010 --> 00:39:23,880 in for contacting harbor control. 713 00:39:23,880 --> 00:39:25,850 Okay. 714 00:39:25,850 --> 00:39:28,190 There could be potentially several different small craft 715 00:39:28,190 --> 00:39:31,420 coming in, up to 40 or 50 knots at the ship. 716 00:39:31,420 --> 00:39:33,660 You need to have that capability, 717 00:39:33,660 --> 00:39:35,260 where there's a lot of ambiguity 718 00:39:35,260 --> 00:39:36,790 between the good guys, 719 00:39:36,800 --> 00:39:38,900 the bad guys, and the in betweens. 720 00:39:43,670 --> 00:39:47,540 The sea giraffe radar can detect 200 airborne 721 00:39:47,540 --> 00:39:51,540 and up to 400 seaborne targets simultaneously. 722 00:39:51,540 --> 00:39:54,280 But to simplify this complex picture, 723 00:39:54,280 --> 00:39:56,250 its advanced radar technology 724 00:39:56,250 --> 00:39:58,080 analyzes characteristics 725 00:39:58,080 --> 00:40:00,850 such as altitude and speed to determine 726 00:40:00,850 --> 00:40:03,690 if there's a threat within seconds. 727 00:40:03,690 --> 00:40:06,320 Its ability to provide a very clear picture 728 00:40:06,330 --> 00:40:08,730 to the operator is what makes it special. 729 00:40:08,730 --> 00:40:11,700 We can separate the weak from the chaff from a radar picture 730 00:40:11,700 --> 00:40:15,070 much better than a traditional radar would. 731 00:40:15,070 --> 00:40:18,540 Even more incredible, this advanced radar system 732 00:40:18,540 --> 00:40:23,240 is both smaller and lighter than a typical destroyer's. 733 00:40:23,240 --> 00:40:25,110 It all is in keeping with our desire 734 00:40:25,110 --> 00:40:27,350 to maintain speed and agility, 735 00:40:27,350 --> 00:40:30,110 and it's a perfect fit for L.C.S. 736 00:40:41,790 --> 00:40:43,860 the littoral combat ship fleet 737 00:40:43,860 --> 00:40:46,500 navigates parts of the planet the U.S. Navy 738 00:40:46,500 --> 00:40:48,970 once considered impossible. 739 00:40:51,870 --> 00:40:53,370 I feel like we're doing something 740 00:40:53,370 --> 00:40:55,840 that we haven't done before. 741 00:40:55,840 --> 00:40:58,240 I truly think that this is pushing the boundaries. 742 00:41:00,650 --> 00:41:03,350 And this inspired engineering will continue 743 00:41:03,350 --> 00:41:05,720 to open up new horizons. 744 00:41:07,750 --> 00:41:10,250 The opportunity going forward is limitless 745 00:41:10,260 --> 00:41:12,590 with what we can do with these ships. 746 00:41:12,590 --> 00:41:15,490 I'm just so extremely excited for the crew 747 00:41:15,500 --> 00:41:18,400 that's gonna get the opportunity to sail in this ship 748 00:41:18,400 --> 00:41:20,930 and take her around the world. 749 00:41:20,930 --> 00:41:27,640 By learning from the pioneers of the past... Yes! 750 00:41:27,640 --> 00:41:32,540 ...up-scaling and developing innovations of their own, 751 00:41:32,550 --> 00:41:36,880 engineers have written a new chapter in nautical design, 752 00:41:36,880 --> 00:41:42,190 making the impossible... Possible. 753 00:41:42,190 --> 00:41:45,420 She's basically one of a kind as far as warships goes. 754 00:41:45,430 --> 00:41:48,630 I am sailing a ship that's unprecedented. 755 00:41:51,100 --> 00:41:53,360 You can't find another ship in naval history 756 00:41:53,370 --> 00:41:55,530 that's able to achieve similar features 757 00:41:55,540 --> 00:41:56,870 as a littoral combat ship. 758 00:41:56,920 --> 00:42:01,470 Repair and Synchronization by Easy Subtitles Synchronizer 1.0.0.0 58966

Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.