All language subtitles for D5260E6F58B1FB18DA19231CD87EE134_eng

Pantagonia in southern Argentina.

Like many detective stories,
this one began by chance. The

shepherd stumbled across
the tip of a huge bone poking out

of the ground.

Experts from Pantagonia's
premier paleontological

museum confirmed it
was part of a dinosaur.

But they didn't realize
at the time what a

truly extraordinary
one it would prove to be.

Dinosaurs of many kinds
roamed all over these lands in the

southern end of South America
during what's known as the

Cretaceous period between
66 and 145 million years ago.

The largest were plant eaters
known as sauropods, and the

largest of them were the Titanosaurs.

Giant Titanosaur bones
are comparatively rare,

so very little is known
about these dinosaurs.

This new discovery could change all that.

Like many people, young
and old, I'm fascinated by

dinosaurs. So the chance
to join this investigation is just

too good an opportunity to
miss. Oh, well, I'd love to have

a go. I'm sure they'd like it.
Of course, it's the giants in

particular that capture the imagination.

The first sauropods to appear
on Earth were comparatively

small creatures. This is the
cast of the thigh bone of one

of them. It's not even as big
as my thigh bone. But after

about 20 million years, some
had become pretty big. This is

a thigh bone from one of
those creatures. But then, after

that, our giant appeared.
This is its thigh bone. It's the

largest ever found.

Coming across such a
bone in your backyard must

be quite a shock. Just
ask farm owner Alba Mayo.

I don't have many sheep,
but I have a dinosaur.

We're surprised. We're
like shocked. Apparently,

it's a unique specimen,
because of its size.

Before long, the whole
team of fossil-hunting

scientists arrives
and starts work.

The thigh bone proves to be 8
feet long, the longest ever found.

It's preserved in extraordinary
detail. And detail will be

critical to this creature's
life. It's forensic examination

that will follow.

The research team soon
turn the site into a vast quarry.

It proves to be one of the biggest
dinosaur finds of the century.

Bone after bone emerge from the rocks.

We just found another bone
right here. We wasn't expecting

it at all. We just found
another bone right here. Let's

start digging and find it.
Until recently, giant titanosaurs

have only been known from a
dozen bones. And our team have

already found more than 10 times as many.

Dr Diego Pol is the chief
paleontologist leading the

investigation. If you really
want to know what a really

gigantic dinosaur looked
like, this quarry here has the

potential to answer that
question. And that's really

exciting for us. It's really
impressive. When you stand by

one of these bones, you really
feel tiny. With so much new

evidence, there is a
chance of discovering all

kinds of new facts about
the mysterious titanosaurs.

It's like a paleontological
crime scene. It's a really

unique thing that you will
not find anywhere else in the

world.

Patagonia's harsh weather
makes uncovering the fossils

exhausting, but it also endangers
the newly exposed fossils.

With a lot of damage from
the rain, so we need to protect

the bones that are at risk.
I'm really concerned that this

already has some
cracks. If the bones aren't

protected, tiny details on
their surface could be lost.

To protect the bones, they're
covered with, of all things,

wet toilet paper and plaster
of Paris. It's like putting a

plaster cast on a broken leg.

There's a rush to get
them back to the museum

to begin examining
them in minute detail.

A new road has been
specially built to enable

them to be transported
without too much jolting.

Once at the museum laboratory,
the detailed detective work begins.

It's a chance to start putting
flesh on bones. There's some

really big muscle that's going
on here. This animal was so

big that it certainly needed
really powerful muscles

and really strong
attachments into the bones.

This is a giant vertebra, one
of the bones of the spine, and

it's a very important find.
That's because it's likely to

provide crucial evidence for
identifying the species of our dinosaur.

Despite weighing up to half a ton,
these fossils are surprisingly fragile.

It's all rather
nerve-racking. One bone like

this has already cracked
in half without warning.

And so this is the position
as it was in life with the

centre of the backbone there.
Then this is the crest on the

top. Right, right, and this
belongs to the middle part of

the thorax. What about here?
About that. Many more weeks of

detailed examination will be needed before
the backbones reveal all their secrets.

Surprisingly, perhaps, one
of the first things the team is

able to deduce about our
titanosaur is its weight. That's

because after finding the
thigh bone, they discovered

another huge bone from
the front leg, a humerus.

By measuring the circumference
of each of these leg bones,

it's possible to estimate
how much weight they could

support. Let's see how much...

79.

79? Wow. I'm not sure how
that translates to body weight.

Yeah, around 70 tons or even
more, probably. Wow. That's

really big. It's amazing.
That evening, Dr

José Luis Caballido
checks his calculations.

Until now, Argentinosaurus was the heaviest
known dinosaur. Ours already looks bigger.

Could this mean it was the
largest animal ever to walk the

Earth? Could it also be a new
species? We can't be sure yet.

The rocks of Patagonia, so
bare of vegetation, also contain

astonishing evidence of how
titanosaurs began their lives.

I've now come nearly 500
miles north from our Patagonian

dinosaur excavation to a
place called Alcomajuevo. This is

the largest dinosaur nesting
ground yet discovered. The

remains of their eggs and
their nests are wherever I look.

In fact, it's quite
difficult for me to take

a step without walking
on a dinosaur eggshell.

Over thousands of years, the
wind and the rain have cleared

away the soft rock that once
enclosed these fragments. And

they can tell us quite a
lot about how titanosaurs

reproduced. Careful
excavation has shown that these

dinosaurs laid eggs in clutches
of up to 30 or 40 at a time.

They would have looked
rather like these replicas because

they lay on the surface of
the ground, not covered by soil,

but in a shallow depression.
Sometimes, though, remains of

vegetation have been found in
some nests which suggest that

the dinosaurs might have
used rotting leaves to help with

the incubation. The dinosaur
that laid these eggs here were

medium size. Our dinosaur
that we're excavating probably

laid eggs as big as that.
I'm shown around by Dr Luis

Chiape, who with his team
discovered this remarkable site.

Dinosaur eggs here were
laid on an old river plain. Then

the river flooded and covered
the unhatched eggs, preserving

them in mud. You see, you
know, many eggs... Oh, yeah. ..for

kilometres and kilometres.
Here's a nice one. Oh, that's a

huge beast. Yep. And this is the actual
surface of the egg? Yes. Astounding.

Do you suppose they could
have been coloured like bird's

eggs? They may. Maybe they
were off-white. We can't tell,

really. Yeah. Well, we can
see all the tiny pores on the

surface. And the texture,
right? Yeah. What a beautiful

piece. You must admit,
it's pretty romantic. I think it's

incredible. I think it's
absolutely extraordinary. And I

must put it back where I
found it. Thank you. Oh! The

fragments can tell us quite
a lot about how the dinosaurs

nested. But some, amazingly,
can do even more than that.

All these examples have
something quite special. But this

one is my favourite. And
what you can see is a very large

patch of baby dinosaur
skin. How wonderful. Well, it's

extraordinary. And this is
not just an impression. This is

the mineralised skin. It is.
Yeah. Astounding. Luis Quiape

has dozens of complete eggs
in his museum, and he allows me

to examine some of his most
precious specimens for myself.

There are many other remarkable
things in these astonishing

time capsules. This one has
got perfectly clearly the limb

bones.

Here is a skull. That's
the orbit of the eye.

There's the lower
jaw. There's the snout.

This one also has a skull,
but on the tip of the snout you

can see a little spike, which
is like the egg tooth that a

bird embryo has to help
it crack itself out of a shell.

And here is a replica of what the complete,
uncrushed shell must have looked like.

With all these
details, it's possible to

imagine how a baby
titanosaur entered the world.

To get an idea of how these
youngsters might have lived, we

can compare them with their
closest living relatives, birds.

Rather like baby
ostriches, a young titanosaur

would have been able to
walk soon after hatching.

They may well have
gathered into groups to give

some safety from predators,
as young ostriches do.

Microscopic analysis of
dinosaur leg bones show rings,

rather like tree rings, and
these indicate that titanosaurs

grew very swiftly early in
their lives. And they could have

lived for some 50 years, plenty
of time to become enormous.

The team now has 150 bones
of our titanosaur, enough to

get an idea not only of its
weight, but also its height and

length. Now the plan
is to build a life-size

reproduction of the
complete skeleton.

But it's a challenge to find a
place big enough to house an

animal that is 121 feet long,
over three times the length of

a school bus. But Diego thinks he's
found one. It's an old wool warehouse.

One, two, three, four, five,
six, seven, eight. We have been

looking for a place that is big
enough to feed our dinosaur.

This seems to be it. This is a
warehouse that we could use.

Not only in terms of the
length, this is 70 meters long, but

also very important in terms
of the height. So we need a

place not only long, but
really high. It really needs a

little bit of decoration, but I think
we'll do it. It's going to be awesome.

Putting the skeleton together
will help us understand

the particular challenges
of being such a giant.

So next, an international
team of skeleton builders arrive

to scan the bones, ready to
make a 3D computer model of each

of them.

Extraordinarily accurate 3D
scanning allows images of the

bones to be placed in a
virtual reality world, so they can

now be examined from all points of view
without needing eight people to lift them.

One of the mysteries surrounding
our dinosaur is how could

an animal as big as it was
actually move about? The computer

data allows us to put our
dinosaur leg bones together in

3D and then compare the
arrangement with what we know about

living animals.

Elephants are the largest
land animal alive today.

They, like titanosaurs, have
to move their massive bodies

around without their bones
shattering under the enormous

weight.

I've come to meet Professor
John Hutchinson here at ZSL

Whipsnade Zoo. He's studied
elephants for many years and has

joined the team that's
investigating the internal workings

of our titanosaur. We have
about a one meter long pressure

-sensitive mat out there with
several thousand sensors in

it and it's telling us in very
high resolution what the

pressure on an elephant's
foot is like. We can see on the

elephant's foot here, oh,
there she goes. Oh yeah, great.

Oh, that was a perfect one.
The pressure hits the ground,

rolls over and then pushes
off with its toenails. So we can

see there are some hot colors
or reds and oranges on the

toenails of an elephant's foot
indicating high pressure and

then some cooler colors back
toward the heel pad in greens

and light blue. That's low
pressure, so elephants are

supporting most of their
weight on their toenails that

pressure gets transmitted up
to their toe bones and then up

to their wrists and ankles and so forth.

John's analysis suggests
that our titanosaur's legs, like

those of an elephant, were
placed vertically beneath the

body like strong massive columns.

This arrangement transmits
the weight to the toes and then

spreads the force using fatty
pads in the back feet as shock

absorbers. But our
titanosaur had one other

adaptation to help them
walk, one that elephants lack.

A clue to this can be seen
on the giant thigh bone. Hey,

how's it going? Good, good.
Ben Garrard specializes in

reconstructing skeletons and
he's joining the team to look

at the bones in detail. Marks
on them show clearly where the

muscles were attached. So
that's halfway down the femur,

isn't it, that big lump there
for these massive muscle, I

guess, tendon attachments.
This lump is where a huge muscle

was attached to the femur.
The other end of this muscle was

connected to bones like
these in the tail. It's this

connection that helped our
dinosaur to walk. They've got so

much strength and so much
rigidity up there, they actually

use their tails to help move,
to help their propulsion. So

they had massive muscles
and tendons from... Help? Yeah,

so the movement of the tail
actually pulled the hind legs

backwards and then released them forward.
Oh, I see. I must try that sometime.

The largest lizard alive today,
the Komodo dragon, has a

similar adaptation. The swing
of their tail helps their back

legs move more efficiently.

Of course, our dinosaur was
different, not least because it

weighed over 500 times more.
And that makes John Hutchinson

suspect that it would have had
to deal with another problem,

one also faced by passengers
on long-haul flights. Pressure

in the legs of big animals is
a really big problem. If blood

stays down there too long,
it's going to pool and die. Much

like airline socks that humans
use, large animals again

and again have evolved very
thick elastic skin around their

lower limb that helps to
keep that pressure very high.

Actually, I can empathise. I
have to wear those same kind of

stockings to get my arm back
up my long legs. Time to thank

our helpful elephant. You're
a lovely thing. Yes. Oh, you

want one of these too? OK.
Here you go. Thanks. Thanks, pal.

That's all I've got. A giant
animal like an elephant also

needs a huge heart to pump blood
around its body. And so did our titanosaur.

Its heart must have been immense.

From our new detailed
knowledge of the skeleton, John

Hutchinson has calculated
that it was more than six feet in

circumference.

It probably weighed 230
kilos, and would have had to

shift 90 litres of blood with
a single beat. There's one.

And it would have had to repeat that beat
every five seconds. There it goes again.

Weighing more than three grown men, it
would have been extraordinarily powerful.

And in order to pump blood
around the body at high pressure

and then into the delicate
lungs at a lower pressure, it's

thought that our
titanosaur's heart had four

chambers, more like
that of a bird than a reptile.

So a powerful heart pumped
the blood to the extremities

of the body, but how
did the blood get back?

As in an elephant, a
combination of fatty foot pads and

tight skin are thought to
have forced the blood from its

legs all the way back to its heart.

Toronto, Canada, and the world's
biggest dinosaur-making factory.

The team is building a
life-size skeleton of this vast

creature to be unveiled in
Diego's warehouse in Argentina in

six months' time.

First, they have to
turn all the information

from the 3D scans into
each individual bone.

State-of-the-art robots
carve moulds from polystyrene

so that the bones can
be cast in fibreglass.

Up until now, the fossil bones
have been the main focus of

the dig, but the rock that
surrounds the fossils also holds

important information. The
nature of the layers of rock in

which these fossils lie can
tell us a great deal about how

they got to be where they are
and how old they are. Some of

these layers are volcanic ash,
which must have come from a

volcano erupting every now and
then somewhere in the neighbourhood.

And this ash around the
bones can tell us how old the

fossils are. Scientists
work out that all these fossils

dated from the Cretaceous
period, but better than that,

they dated them precisely to
101.6 million years old. In an

investigation of this scale,
sometimes the most important

information comes not from
the most eye-catching evidence,

but from quite tiny details. Here is

something that I really hoped
the excavation was going to find.

It's a tooth, and it's tiny
compared with the size of the

huge animals from which it
came. Teeth can tell you a huge

amount about an animal, and
if you look at the tip, you can

see that it has been worn
into two facets, one on either

side, and that tells us that
this tooth engaged with the

teeth on the other side in
that alternate way like that, not

head-on, but one on either
side. So this animal, like a pair

of scissors, just nipped off
the vegetation on which it was

feeding, enormous though
it was, just nipped off little

leaves. And here are fossils
of some of the different kinds

of plants on which it might have fed.

Psycats, ferns, and conifers.

One thing these plants have
in common is that they're all

very fibrous and hard to
digest. To get enough nutrients

from such poor quality
foods, our titanosaur

would have had to eat
them in vast quantities.

A descendant of one of the
most important plants in the

world, one of these plants
still grows in Patagonia today.

200 million years ago, when
South America, Australia, and

Antarctica were all joined
together to form a supercontinent

called Gondwana, a
particular kind of vegetation was

dominant. They were conifers.
They continued to survive to

100 million years ago when
our titanosaurs were roaming the

land, and a few still survive
today. Here, in the foothills

of the Andes, is one of them, the
monkey puzzle tree, called Oricaria.

Trees like Oricaria show that
the dinosaurs must have had

another problem. These
conifers, apart from being poor

quality fodder, can grow to
over 130 feet in height. They

would have been out of reach
for many animals, but not our

titanosaur.

Here, boys, come on.

It's pretty clear why a long
neck is useful for a land

-living animal. It enables
it to reach vegetation that's

growing high up on the top of
trees that other ground-based

animals couldn't reach. And it
must have been much the same

for titanosaurs, except we
know from the fossils that the

titanosaur's neck was very,
very much longer. And that

enabled it to sweep its head
in a great wide arc, and even

to reach between two tree
trunks that happened to be growing

close together to get other
vegetation. What about that?

This enormous reach would
have saved our titanosaur a lot

of energy. It only needed to
move its neck to feed, not its

whole body.

But how did it eat enough
of this poor quality food to

survive? Elephants face a
similar challenge today. An

elephant can collect and
chew about 130 kilos, that's 300

pounds, of vegetation in a
day. But our titanosaur could

have eaten five times that
amount. It's been estimated that

a large titanosaur would eat
enough plant material to fill a

skip in a single day. So
how did they digest it all?

Elephants solved the problem
by giving their food long,

preparatory chews. But
titanosaurs didn't bother. They

simply gathered leaves
by nipping them off and then

swallowing them whole. But
that, in turn, would mean that

they needed a bigger and
longer gut to digest all that

untued food. And it
might well have taken 10

days for food to pass
through their system.

A bigger gut needs a bigger
body. So titanosaurs grew bigger

and bigger until they
approached the limits of what their

bones could support.

The 3D data used to make
the skeleton has also been used

to create a computer model.
It means I can get a preview of

what the final skeleton
will look like. The first thing

is to look at these very,
very lovely legs if you turn it

around. They're very, very
column-like. Now this is like

elephants, but interestingly,
this titanosaur had slightly

splayed legs. At an angle,
about five degrees, and this

slight change would have
really increased the ability to

take all that extra weight.
Can you see the splay because

of the joint or because of
the shape of the bone? A bit of

both. You can tell from the
shape of the bone and from where

certain parts of the bones
form and how they sit, and then

how the bones fit with one
another. You can really tell how

it would have sat in real life.
Another thing you can see is

a very, very long neck, and
we've just found out that ours

had 15 bones in its neck.
Interestingly, some of them were

five or six times longer
than they were wide. These

incredibly long vertebrae,
and there's lots of them. Why

does it have such a long
tail? Well, a couple of reasons.

If you've got an animal this
big with a neck this long, the

last thing you want to be is
top-heavy. And again, research

has just shown that the center
of gravity in this animal was

somewhere right in the middle
of the chest cavity. So the

heavy tail counterbalances
the exceedingly long neck. But

judging from the size of the
muscle attachments, the tail

was also immensely strong.
You would have had huge muscles

from around here, right down
to about a third of the way

down the tail, somewhere
around here. So that would be solid

flesh? Yep. Muscle, tissue,
other tissue, ligaments,

tendons. Do you think they
might have fought with it?

Possibly. Flashing it about?
It could have been used as

a defense mechanism. So
you're walking up to that as a

predator. The last thing
you want to be is on

the receiving end of...
Don't put me into it. No.

The long and painstaking
examination of the backbone has

now borne fruit, and Ben
has got some important news.

Now, this is a vertebrae
here, from right high up in the

back, right near the shoulder
blades. And the most important

thing is this little ridge. It
ends in this big lump, and

this is only found in this
particular dinosaur. So from

that, and a few other physical
differences, we think we've

got a brand new exciting
species. So our titanosaur is not

only a giant, it's also
a very large animal.

A giant, but it's a new
species of dinosaur.

One that had to face many dangers,
as it wasn't the only giant here.

This was a dangerous world,
where meat eaters were giants too.

Fresh evidence of large carnivores has
been found close to our dinosaur bones.

So these are some of the over
80 teeth we found at the dick

side. And you can feel how
sharp they are. Oh yes, it's

serrated, just like a sharp
tooth, in fact. Absolutely,

they actually belong to a
family known as the shark tooth

dinosaurs. We can identify
the teeth at the family level. We

know of one species that
belongs to that family. It's called

Tyrannotitan chubutensis.
Tyrannotitan? Yeah, Tyrannotitan.

That means a ferocious giant,
ferocious beast. Exactly. Good

name. Chubutensis is
because of the area it comes

from. Yeah, this is a
Chubut province. Great.

Tyrannotitan must have been
a ferocious looking beast. With

large eyes, sharp flesh-eating
teeth, and strong legs, it

was a fast, alert, meat-eating dinosaur.

And it was as big as T. rex.
Really? Yeah. Not as famous?

Yeah, not as famous. Tell that
to Hollywood. And I have some

sauropod bones over there
I would like to show you. So

this is one of the tail vertebrae
we found at the dig site.

There's something really
interesting here. You can see this

groove. Well, this groove is
probably a bite mark made by

one of the carnivores. One of
these teeth. Right. So it was,

what do you mean, like that?
Exactly. Taking the flesh out

of the tail. Really? Yeah. The
tender bits. There would be

too, yeah? Yeah, absolutely.
Can you tell me whether it was

a scavenger or it was a hunter?
We don't know if they were

dead. I mean, they were
scavenging on the carcasses, or if

they were actually hunting
and killing them. Well,

didn't make much
difference to the old dinosaur.

In the detective story, to
close the case, you really want

to know how the victim met
its end. If our titanosaur didn't

perish in the jaws of a
tyrannotitan, how did it die?

Clues can be found by the
detailed three-dimensional mapping

of the location of every
fossil bone, small and large.

That shows that the dig site
contains the remains of not

just one, but seven different
individuals. All of the new

species. And the first thing to notice
is that they are on three different levels.

That's to say, the animals must have come
here on at least three different occasions.

But why should they have done that?

There are several theories
as to why seven bodies should

have all ended up at this
one particular place. The first is

that this was a seasonal
climate, and that as the dry season

proceeded, this was one
of the last remaining pools of

water. And when this went, the sauropods
that happened to be here died here.

The second is that these
bodies were swept down by great

rivers during the rainy
season, and then where the land

levelled out, so those bodies
were dumped. Analysis of the

sediments around the bones
shows that there were rivers

gently flowing across this
site at the time of their death.

There was no shortage of
water to drink. What's more,

the rivers were not moving
fast enough to shift such huge

bodies. So the corpses weren't
washed here by floodwaters either.

Could there be another
reason why they all

died in one place on
three different occasions?

We know from layers of ash
around the bones that there were

volcanoes erupting in the
neighbourhood, so doubtless there

were areas where the ground
was warmed by volcanic fumes,

just as they are here today.
We also know that dinosaurs

regularly laid their eggs in
such places, doubtless taking

advantage of the volcanic
warmth to help incubate their

eggs. So maybe that was the reason
why they kept returning to the same place.

Certainly the excavation of
the dinosaur egg site seems to

support this. Nests like these
have been found at four quite

widely separated layers in the
rocks, showing that dinosaurs

came back to this particular
site again and again and again

over a long period of time.

Ash from a volcanic eruption
can sometimes fall in such

quantities that the whole
vegetation is blanketed by it and

killed. So life in the
aftermath of a big

eruption can be very
difficult for a plant eater.

Whatever the explanation,
individuals over several

generations came to this one
place and died here. The dig is

coming to an end and the
team have assembled a record

-breaking number of bones,
but they're still hoping to find

one last piece of the puzzle,
the skull. So what number is

this, 203 or...? Well, actually
it's 223 or so. 23? Yeah.

Between the seven individuals?
Yeah, between all the seven

individuals we found here
in this site. If these are neck

vertebrae, could they be
leading towards the skull? Well,

yeah, that's what we're hoping
for. We just found another

neck vertebra over there,
so... That would be a great

triumph if we found a skull,
wouldn't it? Oh, yeah, yeah,

there are only three titanus
or skulls known so far. Really?

Yeah, so they're very rare.
And that's because they're very

fragile, isn't it? Yeah, they're
very delicate bones and

they have very light sutures
between each of the bones. OK,

well, let's hope we find
number four. Yeah. It could be

under there. It could be.
We're going for that. Wonderful.

Alas, it was not to be.

So, I gather you haven't yet
found the skull? Sadly not.

The only thing we have
found out of skull is this tooth.

So, to complete the skeleton,
the team have to reconstruct

one. We take that piece out
of there. Basing it on the three

skulls of other titanus
or species to produce one

which most suits the
single tooth that we have.

The scientific team has
discovered, collected, cleaned,

scanned and copied 220
bones of our giant. Soon it will be

possible to put those copies
together to get some idea of

what the living animal actually
looked like. But the fossil

bones themselves still
have many secrets that are

waiting to be discovered.
Something to be revealed.

All the theory can now be put to the test.

We can finally get the
most accurate estimate

of our dinosaur's
weight and true size.

It takes two weeks working day
and night to fit all the bones together.

Wow!

Absolutely amazing!

Good gracious!

Well, Diego, you're pleased
then? Yes, we are very pleased.

It has been a lot of work, it
has taken 40,000 man hours to

get here. But we are really,
really happy with it. And does

it take a lot of work to get
here? Can you answer some of

your questions about the
animal? Oh, yeah, absolutely. It

answers a lot of questions.
But the good thing is it raises

more questions. So we had a
lot of research to continue on

this animal. It's clear that
this thing still wasn't fully

grown. It's massive, but it
still had room to go. You mean

the structure of the bones
looked as though they were still

growing? Yeah. So that
raises the really big question. Is

it the biggest so far discovered?
Well, according to our

estimates, this animal weights
70 metric tonnes. That's 77

short tonnes. What would
that compare with? Well, that is

like 15 African elephants.
15 African elephants? Yeah.

We are now sure that this
animal was 10% larger than

Argentinosaurus. The previous
record? The previous record.

So, yes, we think we have
the largest dinosaur ever known.

Fantastic. I can quite believe
it. Congratulations to you.

Thank you. Congratulations
to he, she or it. Wonderful.

Marvellous, marvellous dinosaur.

Piecing this complex jigsaw puzzle
together has been a fascinating adventure.

It all started with the
discovery of one enormous thigh

bone. And then a team of 40
worked for over two years to

excavate and put together the
near-complete skeleton of the

largest land animal yet
discovered. And so added one further

marvel to the astonishing
history of life on Earth.

What a thrill it must have
been to see it when it was alive.

What a thrill.

What a thrill.