All language subtitles for A08B9F311498BBFC7AA784B9769480D7_eng

As the sun bears down

On the forests
of Southern india,

A wise old matriarch
Knows it's time to move.

Food and water are running low,

So she must lead them
On an annual migration

To a land of plenty.

They will trek for
More than 100 miles

Through parched
forests Filled with danger.

For her tiny grandson,
It's an arduous journey.

But if he is to survive,

He must follow the
Path of the matriarch.

An imposing figure steps out
Of the forest into a clearing.

Anura is a nine-foot-tall,
Three-ton asian elephant.

She's brought her family
to These grasslands to feed.

At 50-years-old, she's the
Oldest member of her herd,

And she serves as
the Family's matriarch.

She's been guiding
the Herd, now 11-strong,

For the past 20 years.

These elephants are her sisters,

Her daughters, even
Her grandchildren.

And they depend
upon Her for survival.

Anura learned everything
She knows from her elders

And like the
Matriarchs before her,

She must pass on her
knowledge To the next generation.

One of the most important
Lessons a young elephant needs

To learn is the route of
Their annual migration.

When the dry season
comes, In february and march,

The herd moves from
Winter feeding grounds

To wetter pastures
100 miles away,

Along the backwaters
Of the kabini river.

From its source in the
Western ghats mountain range,

The kabini river flows east,

Through the forested hills

And lowland plains
Of southern india.

Thousands of elephants
live In the surrounding forests.

As the dry season takes hold,

Dozens of herds
migrate Hundreds of miles

Toward a guaranteed
Source of water.

Nagarhole national park.

Here, the receding
waters Of the kabini river

Reveal rich, grassy meadows

And, in these backwaters,
The herds can feed and drink

Until the monsoon
Rains arrive in june.

It is a journey anura
Has made 50 times,

But this year might be
one Of her last migrations.

Wild asian elephants
rarely Live into their 60's,

So she must pass her
Wisdom on to her family.

Beyond their family
Ties, anura's herd,

Like all elephant families,

Is built on companionship
And group co-operation.

She maintains close social bonds

With the seven
Other adult females,

As well as with their offspring.

This is navin, her
Youngest grandson.

At three-months-old,
He isn't weaned yet.

He drinks up to three
Gallons of milk a day.

Several of his older
cousins Are also still nursing,

Though only part-time.

Asian elephants nurse their
Young for up to four years,

But it's a family affair.

Mothers will also suckle
Nieces and nephews,

So navin's got
Plenty of options.

For the nursing females
To keep producing milk,

They must consume 600
pounds Of vegetation every day,

Up to 10% of their body weight.

It is now april, approaching
The height of the dry season.

Much vegetation
has Wilted in the heat,

Though this clearing still has

A covering of nutritious grass.

But it won't last long.

At this time of year,

Temperatures can
Reach 90 degrees,

And the monsoons won't
arrive For another two months.

With several nursing infantsand
Hungry mothers in the herd,

Anura must find a better
Source of food soon.

Around them, the
Forests are parched.

Trees have shed their
Leaves to conserve

What little water remains.

A pack of dholes,
Asian wild dogs,

Stirs from a morning nap.

Unlike elephants,
They're territorial

And will remain here year round.

An alpha male and
Female rule this roost,

Accompanied by the
Female's two sisters

And their four offspring.

Dholes are deadly hunters

Not that you'd know it.

Like all dogs, they spend
Much of their day snoozing.

Some members are more
Reluctant to wake than others.

But soon, the whole pack is
Busy with the morning rituals.

Nothing beats a good stretch
To loosen up the muscles.

Where wolves use aggression
To establish rank in the pack,

Dholes are different.

They're lovers, not fighters.

Their hierarchy is determined
Using far more subtle cues.

The younger dogs may
Scrap among themselves,

But adults rarely
Fight for dominance.

The members of the pack
Greet each other gently,

Re-confirming the strong bonds

That make them
a Formidable team.

Bonding is especially
Important for the alpha pair.

It helps maintain harmony
And keeps the pack together.

As the heat takes its
Toll on the landscape,

Much of the wildlife
in The forest gravitates

To the few remaining waterholes.

Dholes are creatures
Of habit, and each day,

The pack heads to this
pool To drink and cool down.

It's also a great
Place to pick up

The scent of potential prey.

Everything in the forest
Needs to drink at some point.

There's nothing
Here this morning,

So the alpha pair decides to
Look elsewhere for breakfast.

They lead their merry band
Off into the forest to hunt.

The dry season is
Beginning to bite.

Soon the grass in the
Clearing will turn brown.

Fresh green grass is
Particularly nutritious

And easy to digest

So, while it's still available,

Anura and her family
Eat as much as they can.

Anura kicks at the roots
to Tear it free from the earth

Then uses her trunk to grasp
a Clump and shake out the dirt.

A younger calf watches,
And then tries for himself.

An adult elephant's powerful
Trunk can weigh 300 pounds.

But, despite its bulk,
It's hugely sensitive.

The tip is dexterous
enough To pick up a feather.

Elephants use their
Trunks for everything

From smelling to spraying,

From eating to drinking,

From exploring the unknown
to Communicating with friends.

The herd spends up to
18 hours a day grazing.

Other than a few brief snoozes,

The rest of the day is
Spent moving to find food.

But for navin and
The other calves,

Any stop is an excuse for
A bit of rough and tumble.

For the first four
Years of their lives,

Baby elephants spend
all Their spare time playing.

It establishes each
little Elephant's place

Within the herd,

And helps to cement
family Bonds and friendships,

Some of which
will Last a lifetime.

It also strengthens muscles

And improves motor
And mental skills.

Elephants are
Extremely intelligent,

With brains wired more like

A human's than
Most other mammals.

This brainpower
enables Elephants to feel

And display a variety
Of complex emotions,

And gives them
Remarkable memories.

Something that anura will need,

If she's to lead
Her family to water.

Over her 50 years, she's
Built up a mental map

Of the herd's migration route.

Passing through vast
Tracts of dense jungle,

She needs to
remember The locations

Of small grassy
Clearings and waterholes.

Pit stops the herd will
Rely on as it travels.

Increasing daylight hours
Are the final signal to anura

That it's time to move.

Together, they turn their
Backs on the clearing

And disappear into the forest.

Ahead lies a
journey Of 100 miles,

A long way for little navin.

Throughout the region,
Herds are on the move,

As matriarchs far
And wide turn towards

Nagarhole national park.

While female elephants and
Their young travel in herds,

Adult males live far
More solitary lives.

This 20-year-old male tusker

Spends almost 11
Months a year alone.

But he, too, is making his way

To the gathering
at The kabini river,

Following routes he
Learned as a youngster,

Which he has augmented
with His own adult wanderings.

The male is coming
from A different direction,

Through forests
Where the dry season

Has already taken its toll.

With little else
To eat or drink,

He's reduced to foraging on bark

And sucking out its moisture.

His tusks help access
The spongy tissue.

They're actually teeth,

Elongated incisors
That first appeared

When he was about two-years-old.

While females grow small
Tusks, known as tushes,

Only males sport
Tusks of this size.

They grow
throughout Their lives,

Eventually reaching
Some eight feet long.

They're the perfect tools

For intimidating and
Fighting other males,

Or to help strip
Bark from trees.

In the branches above,

Another lone male
Surveys his territory.

A leopard.

At 150 pounds, this
Adult is only a quarter

Of the size of a tiger.

But, pound for pound,

Leopards are the
strongest Cats in the world.

His lithe frame yet
Powerful muscles

Help make him an expert climber,

Sleeping, eating, and even
Mating high in the branches.

Hunting by night, he spends
Most of his day resting,

Off the forest floor.

But finding the perfect
Snoozingposition isn't always easy,

Especially in the midday heat.

He can't sleep and
He's picked up a scent.

With sharp eyesight
And acute hearing,

Honed for hunting
In the dense forest,

He quickly spots
Something in his patch.

An intruder.

The resident leopard has
Spotted a black panther.

Panther is the name given

To any big cat
Whose excess pigment

Gives it an entirely black coat.

This is actually
Another leopard,

One of 10% of the
Planet's leopards

That inherit this trait.

It's another male, and
The resident leopard

Won't tolerate
competition In his territory.

The panther spots him,

And takes the hint,

He's not interested
in Getting into a fight.

It's just too hot.

With the coast clear,
The leopard re-confirms

That this is his territory

By scent marking a
fallen Tree with his urine

Then heads off to
Ensure there are

No other intruders in his realm.

By the next morning,

Anura is already 20
Miles into her journey.

For the youngsters,

It's their first time moving
Through this dense forest

But it's a route she's walked
Every dry season for 50 years.

Walking in single file,

The little ones
follow In her footsteps

While another adult
Brings up the rear,

Making sure
no-one Is left behind.

Three-month-old navin
Stays close to his mother.

This journey is hardest for him,

And his little legs
Struggle to keep up.

This is his first migration,
And he has much to learn.

As the herd stops to forage,

Navin has a chance
for A much-needed rest.

There's fresh grass
Here for the adults,

But anura demonstrates
Thatthere are plenty of other things

To eat in the forest If
you can reach them.

Elephants can digest up to
100 Different species of plant.

For navin, the forest is Full
of new sounds and smells

And he must soak it all up
To remember it in the future.

Anura and the herd
aren't The only herbivores

Forced to rely more on
forest Food in the dry season.

Spotted deer, or
Chital, also forage

More in the jungle
At this time of year.

Although they
Primarily eat grass,

This herd must now
Graze more on leaves,

Plucking any precious
New buds they find.

They breed year-round,

So the herd has
Youngsters of all ages.

The antler-clad males
Are sticking close,

Waiting for a chance to breed

With fawnless females
Who come into heat.

These stags grow new
antlers, Or racks, every year.

But, unlike elk, they
Grow and shed them

To their own timetable
Regardless of the season.

It will take more
Than six months

To reach their full size.

Up to three feet long.

They'll scrape
off The soft velvet

Once the formidable
Weapons have hardened,

Ready to do battle
Over the females!

A troop of hanuman
Langurs joins the chital,

Foraging on the
ground And in the trees.

The two species benefit
By grazing together.

The chital feed on anything
The monkeys might drop

And both species understand
Each other's' alarm calls.

This means the langurs can use

The deer as eyes on the ground,

And the deer benefit
from Lookouts in the trees.

A chital alarm call
Shatters the peace

And the langurs
are Quick to join in.

They leap for the
Safety of the trees

While the deer
are Poised to flee.

The male leopard is
out Patrolling his territory.

By night, he is a serious threat

To both the langurs
And the deer,

But he rarely hunts by day.

He's just been drinking
At a nearby waterhole.

With no rain for seven
Months, few pools are left.

They draw in all the
Creatures of the forest

Both longtime residents

And thirsty travelers
Passing through.

Anura's herd emerges
From the jungle

And heads straight
To the waterhole.

They need to drink about
A bath-tub full every day

So anura's route
Through the forest

Hits watering holes
Wherever possible.

She learned their
Location from her mother

Who learned from her mother.

Thanks to their
Extraordinary memory,

The elephants pass
thisknowledge Down the generations,

Treading the same
well-worn Paths for centuries.

An elephant's trunk can
Hold a gallon of water,

So it doesn't take
long To drink their fill.

While navin rests on shore,

His mother and aunt
Wallow in the deep end.

They can also drink
With their mouths

While breathing through
Their trunks, like snorkels.

The herd's thirst quenched,
The journey must continue.

They still have 50 miles to go.

With water increasingly scarce,

The forest's few remaining ponds

Become a stage for
All kinds of drama.

The pack of dholes has a herd
Of sambar deer surrounded.

So far, the water is
Keeping the dogs at bay.

They have their eyes
On the young fawn,

An easy target if
They can reach it.

But the water is too
Deep to launch an attack.

The deer stomp and
Charge at the dogs

Trying to intimidate them.

But the pack
doesn't Scare easily.

They're well fed, so this time
The adults take a back seat

To allow the younger dogs

A chance to practice
Their hunting skills.

If the fawn stays nestled
Between its parents,

It should be safe.

The other female
Plucks up courage

And tackles the dogs head-on

Out of the water,
It's vulnerable.

But a well-planted kick
Could cause serious injury.

The inexperienced young
dholes Aren't quite sure what to do.

But with one deer
Out on the shore,

The whole pack gets involved
And chases it into the trees.

This could spell disaster.

A close call.

Now, it's a standoff.

The dholes could wait for hours.

But they're more
Restless than hungry,

And eventually,
They lose interest.

When the coast is
Clear, one by one,

The sambar head
back Into the forest.

The fawn has learned
A valuable lesson

In keeping safe from wild dogs.

Anura's herd has been on
the Move all through the night.

They've covered
More than 80 miles,

But still have a few more
To go before reaching

Nagarhole and the
banks Of the kabini river.

But here, at least
There's still some grass

And time for navin to drink.

Out of the shade of the jungle,

The elephants quickly heat up.

Flapping their ears
Helps them to cool down.

Acting like radiators,
The large area of skin

Is full of minute
Surface blood vessels,

Which dissipate the heat.

Navin seeks shade
Beneath his mother.

But as she grazes, his
parasol Is constantly shifting.

Navin is exhausted and
Sucks his trunk for comfort,

Much like a human
baby Sucking its thumb.

He leans on mom to rest.

But he can stay on
His feet no longer.

He must grab sleep while he
Can because, like all infants,

He needs much more
than His mother or aunt.

The herd has to keep
Moving, so navin's mother

Needs him to get back
On his feet and follow.

But he's got other ideas.

Finally, his mother
Coaxes him into action.

Watching his family
feed, He tries to copy them

By nibbling grass,

And picking up twigs.

This is good practice
For when he starts

To eat solids in a
Couple of months' time.

But picking grass
With your trunk

Isn't as easy as his
Mother makes it look!

It will take years for navin

To fully master the
150,000 Muscles in his trunk.

At this stage, it just
Seems to get in the way!

In time, like the
Rest of his herd,

He'll rely on it for everything.

Its water-detecting ability
May even help save his life.

Anura is on the move.

She's caught a faint
Scent on the breeze.

An elephant's sense
Of smell is so acute,

It can detect water from
More than 10 miles away.

Knowing their final
Destination isn't far off,

She decides, once
again, It's time to move on.

Navin struggles to find the
Energy but he has to push on.

20 miles away lies
The kabini river.

Its flat fertile banks Flush
green with new growth.

This is what the
Elephants are looking for.

From far and wide,
Elephants begin to arrive.

Herds are emerging
From the forest.

Each has followed its matriarch

Along her own well-trodden path.

Soon they will gather
In their hundreds,

To drink from the river
And feed on the meadows.

This is the lifeline that
Will see them through

The rest of the dry season.

The herds will remain here

Until the monsoon
arrives In two months' time.

Then, the kabini river
Will flood these plains,

And the elephants
Will have to leave.

The arrival of the rains will
Nourish the whole region,

Allowing the elephants to
Return to their forest homes.

But it's not just herds
Of females and young

Who have arrived.

This is mr. Kabini.

Weighing five tons
and Standing 10 feet tall,

He is the largest asian
Tusker in the world.

He is almost 50 years old,

And his immense
Tusks have helped him

Become the dominant
Bull in nagarhole.

The annual
gathering Of the herds

Is the perfect
Opportunity to mate

And many of the elephants
Here are his offspring.

On the opposite bank,

The resident herds of
Chital deer and wild boar

Also emerge from the
cover Of the forest to feed.

Out in the open, it's easy to
Spot any approaching danger

But there's also
Nowhere to hide.

A bengal tiger
Surveys the scene.

At nearly four feet tall,

This young male
is Nearly a foot taller

Than the deer and
Weighs over 400 pounds.

He is a formidable predator,

Firmly at the top
Of the food chain.

He hunts by ambush in the forest

And could make short
work Of a deer or wild boar.

All the animals are nervous,

But out in the open, they
Know he's not a real threat.

As long as they keep him
Where they can see him,

And stay out of striking
Distance, they should be safe.

Like everyone else, this king
Of the jungle is here to drink

And enjoy a cooling
Wallow in the mud.

After a few lazy hours,

He heads back to
His hunting grounds.

In the shade of the
Forest, the truce is over.

No animal is safe.

This tiger could even take
Downa young elephant like navin.

A misty dawn
reveals Telltale signs

That more elephants
Have arrived.

Herds that are already
here Greet the new arrivals.

This annual gathering
Brings herds together

That might only meet
This one time of year.

But elephants have long memories

And are known to recognize
Individuals from their past.

Old acquaintances
Reuniting like friends.

At last, after three days
And two nights of traveling,

Anura and her family appear!

Navin's arduous
journey Is finally over.

Thanks to anura's
Extraordinary memory,

She has guided them along
Maps firmly drawn in her mind.

Maps that others in her herd
Will be starting to memorize.

She won't be around
To guide them forever

But her knowledge will
pass Through the generations

As they walk the
Migration routes

Where previous
Matriarchs have led.

Navin has survived
His first migration.

Eventually, he will
Have to leave this herd

But even as a
Solitary adult bull,

He will remember the route

And all the vital pit
Stops along the way.

For two months, the
elephants Will enjoy this oasis

Gorging themselves on the lush,

Fertile plains and fresh
Waters of the kabini river.

But, come june, the
Monsoon deluge will arrive.

The long-awaited rains mark
The start of the wet season.

The kabini river will
Flood these pastures,

And the surrounding woodlands
Will sprout fresh, new leaves.

The elephants will return
To their forest homes

Until next year's migration.

By then, navin will be
More than one year old.

He'll be bigger, stronger,
And a little bit wiser

As he sets off once more

On the path of the matriarch.