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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:23,083 --> 00:00:24,119 Hello. 2 00:00:24,417 --> 00:00:25,658 Now throughout the years, 3 00:00:25,958 --> 00:00:27,824 I've done so many different kinds of work, 4 00:00:28,125 --> 00:00:29,286 but never this kind. 5 00:00:29,583 --> 00:00:32,621 A narrator of a documentary film. 6 00:00:32,917 --> 00:00:34,249 So why now? 7 00:00:34,542 --> 00:00:35,908 Why this film? 8 00:00:36,208 --> 00:00:38,416 Well, because it is an important film 9 00:00:38,708 --> 00:00:40,290 with an important message 10 00:00:40,583 --> 00:00:42,916 created by a man that I've admired for years... 11 00:00:43,208 --> 00:00:44,995 Jean-Michel Cousteau. 12 00:00:45,292 --> 00:00:46,828 Now, when I first saw the footage, 13 00:00:47,125 --> 00:00:49,583 I have to admit, I was blown away. 14 00:00:49,875 --> 00:00:52,333 So I knew I wanted to be involved in some way. 15 00:00:52,625 --> 00:00:55,413 And that's precisely Jean-Michel's aim, 16 00:00:55,708 --> 00:00:57,916 to get people involved. 17 00:00:58,208 --> 00:00:59,574 Jean-Michel reminds us 18 00:00:59,875 --> 00:01:01,207 that we all need to contribute 19 00:01:01,500 --> 00:01:04,083 to the change that must come, 20 00:01:04,375 --> 00:01:05,911 that the decisions our leaders make 21 00:01:06,208 --> 00:01:08,200 and the choices we individuals make 22 00:01:08,500 --> 00:01:10,787 will determine the future of the ocean 23 00:01:11,083 --> 00:01:14,406 and our own survival on planet Earth. 24 00:01:14,708 --> 00:01:16,995 As governor and now as a private citizen, 25 00:01:17,292 --> 00:01:19,409 I, too, have been fighting for change 26 00:01:19,708 --> 00:01:21,040 and for a clean environment 27 00:01:21,333 --> 00:01:24,747 and to make people aware of this very important issue. 28 00:01:25,042 --> 00:01:27,785 So, I am pleased to lend my voice 29 00:01:28,083 --> 00:01:30,575 to this unique film experience. 30 00:01:30,875 --> 00:01:34,198 Jean-Michel has created a declaration of love 31 00:01:34,500 --> 00:01:36,742 to the living beauty of the ocean. 32 00:01:37,042 --> 00:01:39,659 Because like his father Jacques Cousteau, 33 00:01:39,958 --> 00:01:44,658 Jean-Michel believes that you only protect what you love, 34 00:01:44,958 --> 00:01:46,790 and he's absolutely correct in that. 35 00:01:47,083 --> 00:01:49,746 So let's get started and fall in love 36 00:01:50,042 --> 00:01:51,999 with the "Wonders of the Sea." 37 00:01:52,292 --> 00:01:53,292 Hmm? 38 00:01:56,458 --> 00:01:58,165 He was Cousteau. 39 00:01:58,458 --> 00:01:59,949 Jacques Cousteau. 40 00:02:00,250 --> 00:02:02,708 A pioneer of the ocean. 41 00:02:03,000 --> 00:02:04,912 Back in the 1940s, 42 00:02:05,208 --> 00:02:08,497 when diving gear was clunky and confining, 43 00:02:08,792 --> 00:02:11,000 Cousteau co-invented the aqualung, 44 00:02:11,292 --> 00:02:13,579 allowing divers to dive longer, 45 00:02:13,875 --> 00:02:16,083 deeper, and more freely... 46 00:02:16,375 --> 00:02:19,698 free to discover and document. 47 00:02:20,000 --> 00:02:21,582 He also made great strides 48 00:02:21,875 --> 00:02:24,162 in the art of underwater filming. 49 00:02:24,458 --> 00:02:28,577 Together, these innovations meant that Cousteau's team 50 00:02:28,875 --> 00:02:31,492 could go where no one had gone before, 51 00:02:31,792 --> 00:02:34,580 capture images previously unseen, 52 00:02:34,875 --> 00:02:39,745 and share them with millions around the world. 53 00:02:40,042 --> 00:02:44,116 We are all in debt to the pioneer work of Jacques Cousteau, 54 00:02:44,417 --> 00:02:48,411 and in a sense, modern divers are all his children. 55 00:02:48,708 --> 00:02:51,200 But I was his first. 56 00:02:51,500 --> 00:02:53,457 I am Jean-Michel Cousteau. 57 00:02:53,750 --> 00:02:56,663 I was only seven, skinny, like my dad, 58 00:02:56,958 --> 00:03:00,497 when my mother Simone slid fins on my feet 59 00:03:00,792 --> 00:03:03,956 and my father strapped a scuba tank on my back 60 00:03:04,250 --> 00:03:06,116 and pushed me overboard. 61 00:03:06,417 --> 00:03:08,534 And my life changed forever. 62 00:03:08,833 --> 00:03:12,497 From there on, I, too, was a diver. 63 00:03:12,792 --> 00:03:15,284 I, too, was a Cousteau. 64 00:04:28,750 --> 00:04:31,037 And my children, Céline and Fabien, 65 00:04:31,333 --> 00:04:33,871 without a doubt, they, too, are Cousteaus, 66 00:04:34,167 --> 00:04:36,910 working to raise awareness to affect opinion 67 00:04:37,208 --> 00:04:41,031 through their own expeditions and their own films. 68 00:04:41,333 --> 00:04:44,997 But this time, it was important for me to invite them along, 69 00:04:45,292 --> 00:04:48,080 to combine forces, you might say. 70 00:04:48,375 --> 00:04:49,616 It's actually been years 71 00:04:49,917 --> 00:04:52,159 since we did a project like this together. 72 00:04:52,458 --> 00:04:53,994 It's big and ambitious 73 00:04:54,292 --> 00:04:55,328 and important. 74 00:04:55,625 --> 00:04:57,287 Who could say no? 75 00:05:06,833 --> 00:05:10,702 Ahead, a voyage of over 8,000 miles 76 00:05:11,000 --> 00:05:14,869 to explore some major ocean habitats. 77 00:05:15,167 --> 00:05:17,659 And we start here in Fiji. 78 00:05:20,750 --> 00:05:22,710 I think we're gonna have an opportunity to show... 79 00:05:22,917 --> 00:05:24,909 Marine biologist Holly Lohuis 80 00:05:25,208 --> 00:05:27,791 and cinematographer Gavin McKinney 81 00:05:28,083 --> 00:05:29,415 round out the team 82 00:05:29,708 --> 00:05:32,701 and are practically family as well. 83 00:05:33,000 --> 00:05:36,994 Jean-Michel is really excited about the new technology. 84 00:05:37,292 --> 00:05:40,990 That's a big part of his motivation this time around. 85 00:05:41,292 --> 00:05:43,579 The aim is to capture not only large sea life, 86 00:05:43,875 --> 00:05:47,539 but also the smallest creatures and tiniest movements 87 00:05:47,833 --> 00:05:50,200 and behaviors that even divers have never experienced. 88 00:06:00,750 --> 00:06:03,993 Here, and all around the tropics, 89 00:06:04,292 --> 00:06:07,364 is the pulsating heart of the ocean... 90 00:06:07,667 --> 00:06:09,158 the coral reef. 91 00:06:09,458 --> 00:06:12,075 If we compare the endless waters of an ocean 92 00:06:12,375 --> 00:06:14,492 to the endless sands of a desert, 93 00:06:14,792 --> 00:06:17,535 then the coral reef is its oasis. 94 00:06:17,833 --> 00:06:19,825 When the reef is healthy and thriving, 95 00:06:20,125 --> 00:06:23,539 it is a haven full of life. 96 00:06:55,042 --> 00:06:58,706 But what are coral reefs? 97 00:06:59,000 --> 00:07:00,411 They look like stone, 98 00:07:00,708 --> 00:07:02,700 but they are alive. 99 00:07:03,000 --> 00:07:04,241 They look like plants, 100 00:07:04,542 --> 00:07:07,785 but in fact, they are all animals. 101 00:07:08,083 --> 00:07:11,247 Tiny sea creatures called coral polyps 102 00:07:11,542 --> 00:07:13,204 huddle together in colonies 103 00:07:13,500 --> 00:07:15,457 and form a common limestone skeleton 104 00:07:15,750 --> 00:07:16,991 for protection. 105 00:07:17,292 --> 00:07:19,750 Skeletons build on skeletons, 106 00:07:20,042 --> 00:07:23,786 and over centuries, grow into great rocky structures. 107 00:07:24,083 --> 00:07:27,406 We know of about 800 different species of coral, 108 00:07:27,708 --> 00:07:29,244 and different they are. 109 00:07:29,542 --> 00:07:33,456 Some build rigid limestone castles around themselves, 110 00:07:33,750 --> 00:07:36,493 and some are soft and sway gently 111 00:07:36,792 --> 00:07:39,000 like grass in a breeze. 112 00:07:39,292 --> 00:07:42,160 And yet others, like these sea fans, 113 00:07:42,458 --> 00:07:45,781 remind us of the leaves of some exotic vegetation, 114 00:07:46,083 --> 00:07:48,075 or this curled up basket star. 115 00:07:49,708 --> 00:07:52,780 But they're all animals. 116 00:07:53,083 --> 00:07:54,995 They are, in fact, gentle predators 117 00:07:55,292 --> 00:07:59,081 that move and hunt in their own subtle way, 118 00:07:59,375 --> 00:08:00,661 not only to survive, 119 00:08:00,958 --> 00:08:04,076 but to secure the survival of the ocean. 120 00:08:30,375 --> 00:08:33,664 The variety of form and color of the corals is stunning. 121 00:08:35,958 --> 00:08:38,200 Their motion may seem like the passive swaying 122 00:08:38,500 --> 00:08:40,992 of straw in the breeze, but what you see 123 00:08:41,292 --> 00:08:43,784 is in fact the deliberate reaching, 124 00:08:44,083 --> 00:08:47,497 grabbing, and devouring of a hungry hunter. 125 00:09:20,667 --> 00:09:24,707 We are so easily impressed by the larger species, 126 00:09:25,000 --> 00:09:27,788 the darling dolphins, the scary sharks, 127 00:09:28,083 --> 00:09:30,951 the whales and walruses. 128 00:09:31,250 --> 00:09:35,620 But this time, I also want to capture the tiny wonders, 129 00:09:35,917 --> 00:09:37,783 not only for their beauty, 130 00:09:38,083 --> 00:09:40,416 but for their significance. 131 00:09:41,833 --> 00:09:44,371 Meet the Christmas tree worm. 132 00:10:47,917 --> 00:10:51,615 They are tiny and timid and flamboyant. 133 00:10:51,917 --> 00:10:53,124 The Christmas tree worm, 134 00:10:53,417 --> 00:10:55,625 like so many other sea creatures, 135 00:10:55,917 --> 00:10:59,331 have a name inspired by their particular appearance. 136 00:10:59,625 --> 00:11:01,036 But the Christmas tree worm 137 00:11:01,333 --> 00:11:04,747 is more worm than tree. 138 00:11:05,042 --> 00:11:08,285 For its meals, in unfurls its feathery plumes 139 00:11:08,583 --> 00:11:11,075 and filters plankton from the passing current. 140 00:11:28,250 --> 00:11:31,414 Plankton means "wanderer" of "drifter." 141 00:11:31,708 --> 00:11:34,997 They're small, often microscopic organisms. 142 00:11:35,292 --> 00:11:37,579 But for many of the stationary reef dwellers, 143 00:11:37,875 --> 00:11:41,198 like the coral clam or these feather duster worms, 144 00:11:41,500 --> 00:11:45,414 food that delivers itself is a necessity. 145 00:12:28,375 --> 00:12:31,539 It's so large, it may be hard to spot 146 00:12:31,833 --> 00:12:35,156 in its surroundings here on the sea floor. 147 00:12:36,875 --> 00:12:40,869 Right before me is a giant clam. 148 00:12:46,333 --> 00:12:47,693 The clams we eat for dinner 149 00:12:47,958 --> 00:12:50,871 may each weigh one or two ounces. 150 00:12:51,167 --> 00:12:54,990 But a giant clam can weigh over 500 pounds 151 00:12:55,292 --> 00:12:57,409 and live for a century. 152 00:12:57,708 --> 00:12:59,574 It's impressive that an organism 153 00:12:59,875 --> 00:13:01,207 that can't hunt or gather 154 00:13:01,500 --> 00:13:03,162 and that can't move around at all 155 00:13:03,458 --> 00:13:06,075 manages to attain such proportions. 156 00:13:12,917 --> 00:13:15,125 Two items are on the menu, 157 00:13:15,417 --> 00:13:17,784 the plankton it filters from the currents 158 00:13:18,083 --> 00:13:20,370 and the food produced by algae that lives 159 00:13:20,667 --> 00:13:22,283 within its fleshy interior. 160 00:13:54,500 --> 00:13:56,913 Although it's both male and female, 161 00:13:57,208 --> 00:13:59,575 it can't inseminate itself. 162 00:13:59,875 --> 00:14:02,947 The giant clam discharges both sperm and eggs 163 00:14:03,250 --> 00:14:04,786 into the ocean currents 164 00:14:05,083 --> 00:14:06,745 and never meets its mate. 165 00:14:12,208 --> 00:14:15,121 Survival at its most fundamental level 166 00:14:15,417 --> 00:14:18,000 is dependent on two factors, 167 00:14:18,292 --> 00:14:21,160 eating and not being eaten. 168 00:14:21,458 --> 00:14:22,994 Nature has provided its creatures 169 00:14:23,292 --> 00:14:24,783 with survival strategies 170 00:14:25,083 --> 00:14:28,497 of endless variety and creativity, 171 00:14:28,792 --> 00:14:31,660 often involving unlikely alliances. 172 00:14:39,125 --> 00:14:41,367 A sea anemone looks harmless, 173 00:14:41,667 --> 00:14:44,501 even inviting, as it sits there on that reef. 174 00:14:44,792 --> 00:14:46,909 But when small creatures venture too close, 175 00:14:47,208 --> 00:14:49,666 they're quickly disabled by stinging tentacles 176 00:14:49,958 --> 00:14:52,041 and then captured and consumed. 177 00:14:54,042 --> 00:14:57,615 With the exception of this fish, the clown fish. 178 00:14:57,917 --> 00:14:59,704 Clown fish wear mucus coating 179 00:15:00,000 --> 00:15:02,413 that makes them immune to the venom. 180 00:15:02,708 --> 00:15:04,745 In exchange for a safe haven, 181 00:15:05,042 --> 00:15:06,783 the clown fish guards the anemone 182 00:15:07,083 --> 00:15:11,202 and chases away fish that may try to eat its tentacles. 183 00:15:11,500 --> 00:15:14,117 It's one of many mutual defense alliances 184 00:15:14,417 --> 00:15:16,409 we will find on the reefs. 185 00:15:50,750 --> 00:15:52,582 A similar symbiosis occurs 186 00:15:52,875 --> 00:15:54,582 between another anemone species 187 00:15:54,875 --> 00:15:57,037 and the colorful crustacean of the Atlantic 188 00:15:57,333 --> 00:15:59,666 known as Peterson's shrimp. 189 00:15:59,958 --> 00:16:02,416 This cleaner shrimp is not inherently immune 190 00:16:02,708 --> 00:16:04,244 to the anemone's poison, 191 00:16:04,542 --> 00:16:06,329 but rather works up a tolerance 192 00:16:06,625 --> 00:16:08,912 by rubbing itself against the tentacles 193 00:16:09,208 --> 00:16:10,995 for increasing amounts of time. 194 00:16:40,000 --> 00:16:43,994 This cleaner shrimp sways on the deadly tentacles 195 00:16:44,292 --> 00:16:45,783 as if to taunt anyone passing by 196 00:16:46,083 --> 00:16:49,656 by saying, "My domain, your doom." 197 00:17:14,583 --> 00:17:19,703 As a child, I dreamt of building fantastic underwater cities, 198 00:17:20,000 --> 00:17:23,493 and even studied architecture to realize that dream. 199 00:17:23,792 --> 00:17:27,615 But what can compete with the beauty of the reefs? 200 00:17:27,917 --> 00:17:30,534 Of nature's masterful design 201 00:17:30,833 --> 00:17:33,826 of even the smallest details? 202 00:17:34,125 --> 00:17:37,289 Behold the humble flatworm. 203 00:17:56,250 --> 00:17:57,661 They are the small, 204 00:17:57,958 --> 00:18:01,998 multicolored magic carpets of the reef... 205 00:18:02,292 --> 00:18:04,579 and their equally colorful reef companions, 206 00:18:04,875 --> 00:18:06,286 the nudibranchs. 207 00:18:24,458 --> 00:18:26,996 Nudibranch means "naked gill," 208 00:18:27,292 --> 00:18:30,160 which is the plume that we see on their backs. 209 00:18:30,458 --> 00:18:33,576 There are over 2,000 species of nudibranchs, 210 00:18:33,875 --> 00:18:36,413 none of which are particularly speedy. 211 00:19:18,958 --> 00:19:20,415 Nudibranchs lay eggs 212 00:19:20,708 --> 00:19:23,416 in a variety of fascinating shapes. 213 00:19:23,708 --> 00:19:25,199 The white spiral is an egg case 214 00:19:25,500 --> 00:19:26,991 which is attached to the rock. 215 00:19:27,292 --> 00:19:31,286 The egg case provides nutrition and protection. 216 00:20:15,375 --> 00:20:17,207 We gather here to examine another 217 00:20:17,500 --> 00:20:19,036 of the reef's curious inhabitants, 218 00:20:19,333 --> 00:20:22,656 the banded coral shrimp. 219 00:20:43,375 --> 00:20:46,948 They dine on scraps that no one else wants, 220 00:20:47,250 --> 00:20:49,788 plus the parasites, fungi, and damaged tissue 221 00:20:50,083 --> 00:20:53,497 they pluck off the fish that come to them for grooming. 222 00:20:59,750 --> 00:21:02,993 The survival strategy of the banded coral shrimp, 223 00:21:03,292 --> 00:21:04,624 like all cleaner shrimp, 224 00:21:04,917 --> 00:21:07,204 is to make themselves indispensable 225 00:21:07,500 --> 00:21:09,742 by providing a unique service 226 00:21:10,042 --> 00:21:13,206 they advertise with their super-sized antennae. 227 00:21:26,167 --> 00:21:28,204 When they find a suitable spot, 228 00:21:28,500 --> 00:21:29,991 they settle there for up to a year. 229 00:21:30,292 --> 00:21:33,410 And when they find a suitable partner, 230 00:21:33,708 --> 00:21:37,497 the two remain together for the rest of their lives. 231 00:21:49,042 --> 00:21:51,034 The health of the coral reef is dependent 232 00:21:51,333 --> 00:21:53,996 on a delicate ecological balancing act. 233 00:21:54,292 --> 00:21:57,911 Altering one parameter can have unforeseen consequences. 234 00:21:58,208 --> 00:22:01,997 Take, for example, the crown-of-thorns starfish. 235 00:22:15,708 --> 00:22:19,622 With up to 21 thorny arms and a venomous spine, 236 00:22:19,917 --> 00:22:21,374 it creeps along, 237 00:22:21,667 --> 00:22:24,284 molding itself perfectly to the reef's contour. 238 00:22:26,375 --> 00:22:29,209 The crown-of-thorns starfish then proceeds to suck out 239 00:22:29,500 --> 00:22:31,583 the living flesh of the coral polyps, 240 00:22:31,875 --> 00:22:35,494 leaving behind a white scar and a wounded reef. 241 00:22:54,167 --> 00:22:57,410 Normally, these starfish pose no danger. 242 00:22:57,708 --> 00:23:00,200 But recently, their population has grown alarmingly, 243 00:23:00,500 --> 00:23:02,787 threatening the health of many reefs. 244 00:23:03,083 --> 00:23:05,245 One reason for this is the disappearance of animals 245 00:23:05,542 --> 00:23:07,408 that normally feed on them. 246 00:23:07,708 --> 00:23:09,665 So where are these predators? 247 00:23:09,958 --> 00:23:12,416 Maybe on your bookshelf. 248 00:23:12,708 --> 00:23:14,700 The beautiful Triton's trumpet, 249 00:23:15,000 --> 00:23:17,287 a popular boardwalk souvenir, 250 00:23:17,583 --> 00:23:18,869 is one of the few reef dwellers 251 00:23:19,167 --> 00:23:21,580 that feeds on crown-of-thorns starfish. 252 00:23:21,875 --> 00:23:24,242 But as long as it is collecting dust for you, 253 00:23:24,542 --> 00:23:28,286 it's not contributing to nature's delicate balancing act. 254 00:23:48,542 --> 00:23:50,829 We await a new arrival. 255 00:23:51,125 --> 00:23:52,536 He's a marine ecologist, 256 00:23:52,833 --> 00:23:55,416 a colleague of mine from countless expeditions 257 00:23:55,708 --> 00:23:59,782 through the years, and above all a good friend... 258 00:24:00,083 --> 00:24:01,574 Dr. Richard Murphy. 259 00:24:01,875 --> 00:24:06,415 He joins us here in Fiji to prepare us for a night dive 260 00:24:06,708 --> 00:24:09,576 and a confrontation at the bottom... 261 00:24:09,875 --> 00:24:12,117 the bottom of the food chain. 262 00:24:12,417 --> 00:24:14,137 First time Jean-Michel and I did that was... 263 00:24:14,292 --> 00:24:17,251 Well, at the very bottom are the phytoplankton, 264 00:24:17,542 --> 00:24:19,158 tiny and humble. 265 00:24:19,458 --> 00:24:20,994 And yet, in terms of biological 266 00:24:21,292 --> 00:24:24,865 and environmental significance, they are giants. 267 00:24:25,167 --> 00:24:28,001 There are thousands of varieties of phytoplankton, 268 00:24:28,292 --> 00:24:30,579 which nearly all marine life is dependent upon, 269 00:24:30,875 --> 00:24:32,491 But so are we. 270 00:24:32,792 --> 00:24:34,579 Globally, phytoplankton produce 271 00:24:34,875 --> 00:24:36,787 more than twice as much oxygen 272 00:24:37,083 --> 00:24:39,496 and devour twice as much CO2 273 00:24:39,792 --> 00:24:41,784 as the Amazon rainforest. 274 00:24:42,083 --> 00:24:44,917 In all, over half the planet's oxygen 275 00:24:45,208 --> 00:24:47,700 comes from these tiny organisms. 276 00:24:48,000 --> 00:24:51,823 That means that every other breath of air you take 277 00:24:52,125 --> 00:24:54,788 is a gift from the ocean. 278 00:24:55,083 --> 00:24:56,745 The next step up in the food chain 279 00:24:57,042 --> 00:24:58,408 is zooplankton, 280 00:24:58,708 --> 00:25:00,574 bizarre and mysterious creatures 281 00:25:00,875 --> 00:25:02,741 that we hope to encounter tonight. 282 00:25:08,167 --> 00:25:11,205 Night dives are very special. 283 00:25:11,500 --> 00:25:13,207 It's not exactly fear, 284 00:25:13,500 --> 00:25:15,366 but there's an extra attentiveness, 285 00:25:15,667 --> 00:25:18,000 an extra thrill. 286 00:25:18,292 --> 00:25:22,206 The ocean floor is 6,000 feet below us. 287 00:25:22,500 --> 00:25:23,911 So on this moonless night, 288 00:25:24,208 --> 00:25:27,451 there is absolute darkness in every direction. 289 00:25:27,750 --> 00:25:30,413 You only see what you point your light at. 290 00:25:30,708 --> 00:25:34,782 You can sink deeper than intended without noticing, 291 00:25:35,083 --> 00:25:38,406 and an attack would come with no warning. 292 00:25:38,708 --> 00:25:40,495 Why would we do this? 293 00:25:40,792 --> 00:25:43,990 To witness, of course, something like this. 294 00:25:56,583 --> 00:25:58,575 It is the largest migration 295 00:25:58,875 --> 00:26:01,492 of any animal group on Earth, 296 00:26:01,792 --> 00:26:04,455 and it happens each and every night. 297 00:26:04,750 --> 00:26:08,573 The zooplankton float up from the very depths of the ocean, 298 00:26:08,875 --> 00:26:11,458 submit themselves to the will of the currents 299 00:26:11,750 --> 00:26:13,412 and the appetites of the sea creatures 300 00:26:13,708 --> 00:26:15,290 above them on the food chain. 301 00:26:17,833 --> 00:26:20,496 Like the phytoplankton they feed on, 302 00:26:20,792 --> 00:26:23,990 many zooplankton species are microscopic. 303 00:26:24,292 --> 00:26:27,000 Others aren't, like these comb jellies, 304 00:26:27,292 --> 00:26:31,036 whose hair-like cilia refract our dive lights. 305 00:26:31,333 --> 00:26:33,120 In fact, they are probably 306 00:26:33,417 --> 00:26:36,285 the most delicate animals in the world. 307 00:27:03,625 --> 00:27:05,867 Sparkling constellations. 308 00:27:12,667 --> 00:27:13,874 Nebulae. 309 00:27:24,500 --> 00:27:25,661 Sputnik. 310 00:27:29,958 --> 00:27:33,281 I wonder, is this the final frontier? 311 00:27:35,792 --> 00:27:38,409 More humans have walked on the moon 312 00:27:38,708 --> 00:27:41,075 than the bottom of the deep sea. 313 00:27:43,375 --> 00:27:45,788 We know more about the surface of Mars 314 00:27:46,083 --> 00:27:49,076 than the submerged surface of our own planet. 315 00:27:53,708 --> 00:27:56,121 And life-forms? 316 00:27:56,417 --> 00:27:58,784 Millions of species 317 00:27:59,083 --> 00:28:00,574 waiting to be discovered 318 00:28:00,875 --> 00:28:05,074 from the depths of this inner space. 319 00:28:09,333 --> 00:28:10,494 In this state, 320 00:28:10,792 --> 00:28:12,784 it's easy to lose track of time. 321 00:28:13,083 --> 00:28:15,621 The zooplankton is not only mesmerizing, 322 00:28:15,917 --> 00:28:17,954 but challenging to film as well. 323 00:28:18,250 --> 00:28:19,786 So we spent more time down there 324 00:28:20,083 --> 00:28:22,416 than was anticipated, which meant that we needed 325 00:28:22,708 --> 00:28:26,372 an even longer safety stop on the way up. 326 00:28:26,667 --> 00:28:30,081 A safety stop is a planned pause during an ascent 327 00:28:30,375 --> 00:28:33,618 to avoid decompression sickness or death. 328 00:28:33,917 --> 00:28:36,159 And luckily, there was a lot to see 329 00:28:36,458 --> 00:28:39,656 at 50 feet while we waited. 330 00:28:57,833 --> 00:29:00,792 Remoras are classic freeloaders. 331 00:29:01,083 --> 00:29:04,781 With a front dorsal fin that acts like a suction cup, 332 00:29:05,083 --> 00:29:08,747 remoras can attach themselves to larger marine animals 333 00:29:09,042 --> 00:29:11,204 for a free ride, free lunch, 334 00:29:11,500 --> 00:29:14,868 and the security a big host can provide. 335 00:29:42,833 --> 00:29:44,620 The turtle seems displeased, 336 00:29:44,917 --> 00:29:46,783 but he might just be a squeamish patient 337 00:29:47,083 --> 00:29:49,040 as the remora removes a parasite 338 00:29:49,333 --> 00:29:52,656 or dead tissue from his eye. 339 00:29:52,958 --> 00:29:56,281 Treatment for one and a treat for the other. 340 00:30:01,333 --> 00:30:03,450 Even during the turtle's dance 341 00:30:03,750 --> 00:30:05,958 of courtship and seduction, 342 00:30:06,250 --> 00:30:07,366 the remoras hang on. 343 00:30:45,583 --> 00:30:46,824 In daylight, 344 00:30:47,125 --> 00:30:49,788 there's almost too many impressions. 345 00:30:50,083 --> 00:30:52,416 In darkness, you can focus. 346 00:30:52,708 --> 00:30:54,574 Colors are richer 347 00:30:54,875 --> 00:30:58,494 and the familiar looks new. 348 00:31:08,958 --> 00:31:12,326 Here, nestled in the branches of soft coral, 349 00:31:12,625 --> 00:31:15,459 we find a true creature of the night 350 00:31:15,750 --> 00:31:17,787 that can be found here in Fiji, 351 00:31:18,083 --> 00:31:20,826 the Atlantic, and many other waters... 352 00:31:21,125 --> 00:31:22,661 the basket star. 353 00:31:49,375 --> 00:31:50,786 They have no heart, 354 00:31:51,083 --> 00:31:53,416 no blood, and no brain. 355 00:31:53,708 --> 00:31:55,791 But they have a mouth, 356 00:31:56,083 --> 00:31:57,574 and the good sense to fill it 357 00:31:57,875 --> 00:31:59,411 with the passing plankton. 358 00:33:02,583 --> 00:33:03,790 And if they must, 359 00:33:04,083 --> 00:33:06,416 the basket star uses its many arms 360 00:33:06,708 --> 00:33:10,577 to crawl to a better spot along the stream of nutrition. 361 00:33:13,750 --> 00:33:17,414 Just nearby, an enigmatic encounter occurs 362 00:33:17,708 --> 00:33:20,667 between two arrow crabs. 363 00:33:20,958 --> 00:33:22,290 It made us wonder, 364 00:33:22,583 --> 00:33:25,496 is this about love or war? 365 00:34:22,583 --> 00:34:24,495 A duel or a dance? 366 00:34:26,958 --> 00:34:29,496 Showdown or showing off? 367 00:35:19,750 --> 00:35:22,413 Whether it was courtship or combat, 368 00:35:22,708 --> 00:35:25,576 the outcome seems to be friendly. 369 00:35:25,875 --> 00:35:27,662 So, how about dinner? 370 00:35:33,375 --> 00:35:35,367 And when the reef is healthy, 371 00:35:35,667 --> 00:35:38,080 there is abundance for all. 372 00:36:04,000 --> 00:36:05,582 We leave the coral reefs 373 00:36:05,875 --> 00:36:09,414 and tropical waters of Fiji. 374 00:36:09,708 --> 00:36:11,665 We cross the equator, 375 00:36:11,958 --> 00:36:13,995 the International Date Line, 376 00:36:14,292 --> 00:36:16,659 and nearly the entire Pacific Ocean, 377 00:36:16,958 --> 00:36:20,406 towards the cooler waters off of California, 378 00:36:20,708 --> 00:36:21,994 and the next ocean habitat 379 00:36:22,292 --> 00:36:24,625 my father has chosen to explore. 380 00:36:26,458 --> 00:36:29,496 And the dolphins escort us, 381 00:36:29,792 --> 00:36:32,580 as they did the "Calypso" of my youth. 382 00:36:32,875 --> 00:36:35,242 They are like the ocean's goodwill ambassadors... 383 00:36:35,542 --> 00:36:37,829 playful, friendly, 384 00:36:38,125 --> 00:36:40,788 and with smiles that seem to say, 385 00:36:41,083 --> 00:36:44,201 "Come with us, but come in peace." 386 00:36:44,500 --> 00:36:47,083 "Okay, we can watch you play a bit, 387 00:36:47,375 --> 00:36:49,788 but then we must be off again. 388 00:36:50,083 --> 00:36:52,416 I have an important date to keep." 389 00:36:52,708 --> 00:36:54,540 "What kind of date do you have?" 390 00:36:54,833 --> 00:36:57,496 "Ah, you shall see." 391 00:37:01,583 --> 00:37:02,994 Our next destination will show 392 00:37:03,292 --> 00:37:06,000 just how diverse the habitats are. 393 00:37:06,292 --> 00:37:08,579 The coral reefs are colonies of small, 394 00:37:08,875 --> 00:37:10,787 slow-growing sea animals. 395 00:37:11,083 --> 00:37:12,995 The kelp forest is in fact 396 00:37:13,292 --> 00:37:14,999 a fast-growing underwater forest 397 00:37:15,292 --> 00:37:18,660 of giant sea algae. 398 00:37:18,958 --> 00:37:20,415 Off the coast of California, 399 00:37:20,708 --> 00:37:22,415 the conditions are just right. 400 00:37:22,708 --> 00:37:24,950 Cold, relatively shallow waters, 401 00:37:25,250 --> 00:37:28,084 and plenty of nutrients and sunlight. 402 00:38:09,583 --> 00:38:11,575 The coral reefs we saw in Fiji 403 00:38:11,875 --> 00:38:14,413 can grow two, maybe four inches a year. 404 00:38:14,708 --> 00:38:15,994 The kelp that we see here 405 00:38:16,292 --> 00:38:18,875 can grow over 18 inches in a single day. 406 00:38:21,333 --> 00:38:24,997 The largest can be up to 175 feet long. 407 00:38:25,292 --> 00:38:28,490 Now that's about the length of a giant sequoia tree. 408 00:38:35,000 --> 00:38:37,208 Kelp provides food and shelter 409 00:38:37,500 --> 00:38:40,083 to a huge variety of species, 410 00:38:40,375 --> 00:38:44,949 from sea urchins and snails to seals and sea lions, 411 00:38:45,250 --> 00:38:47,663 and even the occasional gray whale. 412 00:39:01,958 --> 00:39:04,996 The gas-filled bladders keep the kelp's leaf-like fronds 413 00:39:05,292 --> 00:39:07,409 afloat near the surface. 414 00:39:07,708 --> 00:39:10,200 Through photosynthesis, kelp transfers energy 415 00:39:10,500 --> 00:39:12,287 and nutrients to the sea. 416 00:39:23,958 --> 00:39:25,494 A bit farther out to sea 417 00:39:25,792 --> 00:39:29,411 from the kelp forest of Santa Catalina Island 418 00:39:29,708 --> 00:39:33,281 is the sight of an incredible squid mating frenzy. 419 00:39:38,458 --> 00:39:40,700 I first witnessed it with my father 420 00:39:41,000 --> 00:39:44,414 right here over 50 years ago. 421 00:39:44,708 --> 00:39:47,542 It happens only once a year during winter, 422 00:39:47,833 --> 00:39:51,998 and I feared we were either too early or too late. 423 00:39:52,292 --> 00:39:53,578 But was incredible luck, 424 00:39:53,875 --> 00:39:55,411 we were right on time 425 00:39:55,708 --> 00:39:57,620 for this reproductive ritual. 426 00:40:32,625 --> 00:40:35,459 These squid live for less than a year, 427 00:40:35,750 --> 00:40:38,083 so this is their only shot at procreation. 428 00:40:46,833 --> 00:40:49,416 The mating frenzy is hugely successful. 429 00:40:49,708 --> 00:40:53,076 The sea floor is carpeted with millions of egg cases. 430 00:40:54,750 --> 00:40:57,163 Each capsule contains hundreds of eggs. 431 00:41:08,958 --> 00:41:10,574 Many species, including us, 432 00:41:10,875 --> 00:41:12,832 are dependent on squid for food. 433 00:41:13,125 --> 00:41:15,583 Fishing practices are improving in some places, 434 00:41:15,875 --> 00:41:17,741 but the ultimate goal 435 00:41:18,042 --> 00:41:21,410 is sustainable squid harvesting globally. 436 00:41:21,708 --> 00:41:25,873 The ultimate goal is sustainability, period. 437 00:41:30,375 --> 00:41:32,788 When I look out on this vast ocean 438 00:41:33,083 --> 00:41:34,574 and pristine coastline, 439 00:41:34,875 --> 00:41:36,992 it reminds me of other seas, 440 00:41:37,292 --> 00:41:38,292 other shores, 441 00:41:38,417 --> 00:41:41,205 and other times of innocence, 442 00:41:41,500 --> 00:41:44,572 and, quite frankly, ignorance. 443 00:41:44,875 --> 00:41:47,413 When my dad first pushed me overboard, 444 00:41:47,708 --> 00:41:51,247 we all believed that we could push anything overboard, 445 00:41:51,542 --> 00:41:54,865 that the oceans were bottomless receptacles 446 00:41:55,167 --> 00:41:58,865 for whatever waste we didn't want on land. 447 00:41:59,167 --> 00:42:03,992 But our expeditions uncovered a completely different truth. 448 00:42:04,292 --> 00:42:08,491 Seas and waterways everywhere were imperiled. 449 00:42:13,833 --> 00:42:16,792 We have come to realize that our blue planet 450 00:42:17,083 --> 00:42:20,781 is in fact a rocky sphere with a thin, 451 00:42:21,083 --> 00:42:24,406 thin surface layer of saltwater, 452 00:42:24,708 --> 00:42:29,578 and an even more finite supply of freshwater, 453 00:42:29,875 --> 00:42:34,540 and those precious drops stand between us and extinction. 454 00:42:37,958 --> 00:42:41,406 We follow the Pacific coastline down and around 455 00:42:41,708 --> 00:42:45,406 to the fabled Sea of Cortez in Mexico. 456 00:42:45,708 --> 00:42:47,791 With unrivaled biodiversity, 457 00:42:48,083 --> 00:42:50,416 it was a place my father once described 458 00:42:50,708 --> 00:42:54,952 as the world's aquarium. 459 00:42:55,250 --> 00:42:58,994 There are 6,000 cataloged species from the Sea of Cortez, 460 00:42:59,292 --> 00:43:02,990 and possibly thousands more waiting to be found. 461 00:43:03,292 --> 00:43:06,205 But also here, appearances deceive. 462 00:43:06,500 --> 00:43:08,412 Industrial fishing has depleted these waters 463 00:43:08,708 --> 00:43:10,574 of tuna, red snapper, 464 00:43:10,875 --> 00:43:14,073 and shark that were so plentiful not long ago. 465 00:43:21,292 --> 00:43:23,409 The contrasts are striking. 466 00:43:23,708 --> 00:43:26,041 From our wet, wet world, we climb out 467 00:43:26,333 --> 00:43:29,656 onto the semi-arid steps of San Jose Island. 468 00:43:29,958 --> 00:43:33,281 From a dive in the abundant vegetation of the kelp forest 469 00:43:33,583 --> 00:43:36,417 to a hike through these somber cactuses, 470 00:43:36,708 --> 00:43:38,119 the presence or absence of water 471 00:43:38,417 --> 00:43:41,581 determines nearly everything. 472 00:43:41,875 --> 00:43:45,789 These giant cactuses approach heights of up to 60 feet 473 00:43:46,083 --> 00:43:48,917 and survive in this unforgiving climate 474 00:43:49,208 --> 00:43:51,621 for as long as 300 years. 475 00:43:51,917 --> 00:43:54,375 So, these cactus might have been around 476 00:43:54,667 --> 00:43:57,080 when George Washington was born. 477 00:43:59,167 --> 00:44:00,999 They're greedy and efficient, 478 00:44:01,292 --> 00:44:02,749 grabbing every drop of rain 479 00:44:03,042 --> 00:44:05,659 and storing them for even drier days. 480 00:44:19,083 --> 00:44:22,906 All life is connected with water across the planet. 481 00:44:23,208 --> 00:44:25,200 There is only one water system. 482 00:44:25,500 --> 00:44:28,789 The rains that fall on the highest mountaintops 483 00:44:29,083 --> 00:44:30,995 carve the landscape of Earth 484 00:44:31,292 --> 00:44:34,330 and make their way back to the sea. 485 00:44:40,583 --> 00:44:43,826 Suddenly, it's all smaller and simpler... 486 00:44:44,125 --> 00:44:46,208 a rubber dingy and snorkel gear 487 00:44:46,500 --> 00:44:48,662 and the three of us together. 488 00:44:48,958 --> 00:44:52,998 My thoughts wander to the web of narrow rivers deep in the Amazon 489 00:44:53,292 --> 00:44:55,204 where I've been on expeditions lately. 490 00:44:55,500 --> 00:44:59,574 In every way, far from a Cousteau's open ocean, 491 00:44:59,875 --> 00:45:01,207 my father's, my brother's, 492 00:45:01,500 --> 00:45:03,287 and my own independent projects 493 00:45:03,583 --> 00:45:04,994 are so different, 494 00:45:05,292 --> 00:45:06,954 and yet somehow connected, 495 00:45:07,250 --> 00:45:10,539 maybe a bit like the separate arms of these inlets, 496 00:45:10,833 --> 00:45:14,281 always coming from and leading back to the ocean. 497 00:45:17,750 --> 00:45:19,412 Tucked in these marshes 498 00:45:19,708 --> 00:45:22,496 on the southern tip of San Jose Island 499 00:45:22,792 --> 00:45:25,330 is a hidden world teeming with life. 500 00:45:25,625 --> 00:45:29,665 Here we find our next habitat, the mangrove. 501 00:45:43,375 --> 00:45:47,198 Lining the edge of the water here are mangrove trees. 502 00:45:47,500 --> 00:45:49,036 Now, the mangroves survive in sea water 503 00:45:49,333 --> 00:45:53,623 because their roots have evolved to filter out salt. 504 00:45:53,917 --> 00:45:57,410 These roots tangled and exposed above and below the waterline 505 00:45:57,708 --> 00:46:01,076 offer an intricate, nutrient rich haven and nursery. 506 00:46:03,667 --> 00:46:05,704 Some creatures will never leave this habitat, 507 00:46:06,000 --> 00:46:09,243 but for many other species, life begins here 508 00:46:09,542 --> 00:46:12,580 and continues out on the reef or open ocean. 509 00:47:01,958 --> 00:47:05,998 These delicate creations are single-celled organisms 510 00:47:06,292 --> 00:47:08,784 known as the mermaid's wineglass. 511 00:47:09,083 --> 00:47:10,199 The study of these plants 512 00:47:10,500 --> 00:47:12,583 advanced our understanding of DNA 513 00:47:12,875 --> 00:47:14,491 nearly a century ago. 514 00:47:35,375 --> 00:47:38,209 Sea cucumbers are the recyclers of the sea, 515 00:47:38,500 --> 00:47:41,083 combing the seabed in search of the debris. 516 00:47:56,292 --> 00:47:59,205 Their mouths are surrounded with tentacles 517 00:47:59,500 --> 00:48:03,995 which probe and gather whatever organic leftovers they might find. 518 00:48:04,292 --> 00:48:07,615 The sea cucumber can be as short as a tenth of an inch 519 00:48:07,917 --> 00:48:10,284 or as long as nine feet. 520 00:49:32,167 --> 00:49:34,830 We can watch, but not touch. 521 00:49:35,125 --> 00:49:38,448 Maybe make eye contact carefully, 522 00:49:38,750 --> 00:49:40,867 because the stone scorpion fish 523 00:49:41,167 --> 00:49:44,865 is one of the most venomous fish on Earth. 524 00:49:45,167 --> 00:49:46,447 How easy it would be 525 00:49:46,708 --> 00:49:48,700 to step on a scorpion fish, 526 00:49:49,000 --> 00:49:52,198 mistaking it for a bit of rocky terrain. 527 00:49:52,500 --> 00:49:55,538 It will sting and discharge its venom 528 00:49:55,833 --> 00:49:58,075 that is potentially fatal. 529 00:50:24,375 --> 00:50:27,209 This is a conch, a large sea snail 530 00:50:27,500 --> 00:50:29,833 native to the tropical northwestern Atlantic. 531 00:50:30,125 --> 00:50:32,082 Strong currents have rolled him over. 532 00:50:33,250 --> 00:50:34,991 This is a hermit crab. 533 00:50:35,292 --> 00:50:38,205 There are over a thousand varieties worldwide. 534 00:50:38,500 --> 00:50:40,787 What they have in common is their inability 535 00:50:41,083 --> 00:50:42,995 to build their own shells. 536 00:50:43,292 --> 00:50:45,204 So, they occupy empty ones. 537 00:50:45,500 --> 00:50:46,911 But as they grow, 538 00:50:47,208 --> 00:50:50,076 they must constantly hunt for larger vacant ones. 539 00:50:55,167 --> 00:50:58,080 The hermit crab eyes the upended conch. 540 00:50:58,375 --> 00:51:00,412 Only a very few species of hermit crab 541 00:51:00,708 --> 00:51:02,745 are willing to kill for a bigger shell. 542 00:51:03,042 --> 00:51:05,659 Could that be what we're about to witness? 543 00:51:07,958 --> 00:51:09,995 The hermit crab needs to act fast 544 00:51:10,292 --> 00:51:12,079 if it wants to change addresses. 545 00:51:23,375 --> 00:51:25,332 The conch needs to protect itself 546 00:51:25,625 --> 00:51:27,867 by tipping its shelter back into place. 547 00:51:39,083 --> 00:51:41,291 The crab is making a move. 548 00:51:57,625 --> 00:51:59,491 The turnover is successful. 549 00:51:59,792 --> 00:52:02,785 The conch is safe, 550 00:52:03,083 --> 00:52:05,496 and for the hermit crab, moving day must wait. 551 00:52:14,958 --> 00:52:18,326 With infinite variety of form and function, 552 00:52:18,625 --> 00:52:22,164 they are like the pieces of an intricate puzzle. 553 00:52:22,458 --> 00:52:24,415 When all the species are present, 554 00:52:24,708 --> 00:52:26,791 the ecosystem is complete. 555 00:52:27,083 --> 00:52:29,996 And when all the ecosystems are thriving, 556 00:52:30,292 --> 00:52:32,579 then the ocean is complete. 557 00:52:32,875 --> 00:52:35,037 Complete and healthy. 558 00:52:35,333 --> 00:52:38,201 But many pieces of those puzzles are missing today. 559 00:52:38,500 --> 00:52:39,500 It's true. 560 00:52:39,708 --> 00:52:41,449 Big pieces are missing, 561 00:52:41,750 --> 00:52:45,790 but my belief is that they are not lost forever. 562 00:52:46,083 --> 00:52:48,496 The ocean is forgiving. 563 00:53:16,167 --> 00:53:18,204 Papa is growing impatient. 564 00:53:18,500 --> 00:53:20,162 He knows it's time to move on. 565 00:53:20,458 --> 00:53:22,996 He keeps saying he has an important rendezvous. 566 00:53:23,292 --> 00:53:24,999 The sun sets in the west, 567 00:53:25,292 --> 00:53:27,409 and on our Pacific adventure. 568 00:53:27,708 --> 00:53:29,995 We must move onward and eastward. 569 00:53:30,292 --> 00:53:31,783 I have an important rendezvous. 570 00:53:32,083 --> 00:53:33,199 Like that. 571 00:53:33,500 --> 00:53:35,082 I'm anxious and excited. 572 00:53:35,375 --> 00:53:36,741 It happens only once a year, 573 00:53:37,042 --> 00:53:38,783 so I cannot miss it. 574 00:53:39,083 --> 00:53:40,083 What could it be? 575 00:53:40,333 --> 00:53:41,453 Come on, Fabien. 576 00:53:41,667 --> 00:53:42,828 Next stop, Nassau. 577 00:53:43,125 --> 00:53:45,367 It will be February. Think big. 578 00:53:45,667 --> 00:53:48,375 You only pretend not to know, right? 579 00:53:48,667 --> 00:53:50,203 Sure, of course. 580 00:53:50,500 --> 00:53:51,500 Yeah, right. 581 00:54:04,583 --> 00:54:06,870 It does feel like coming home 582 00:54:07,167 --> 00:54:10,865 when we've now reached our final destination, 583 00:54:11,167 --> 00:54:12,499 the Bahamas. 584 00:54:14,750 --> 00:54:18,790 We've all dived here on countless occasions. 585 00:54:19,083 --> 00:54:20,915 Gavin is a native 586 00:54:21,208 --> 00:54:24,701 and knows every square inch of these waters. 587 00:54:25,000 --> 00:54:27,208 It's true. We spent our days in the water. 588 00:54:27,500 --> 00:54:29,833 The ocean was my childhood's playground. 589 00:54:30,125 --> 00:54:33,789 And Fabien filmed his first TV documentaries 590 00:54:34,083 --> 00:54:36,996 on sharks right here. 591 00:54:37,292 --> 00:54:39,409 My brother is a very skilled diver 592 00:54:39,708 --> 00:54:41,700 and completely fearless, 593 00:54:42,000 --> 00:54:44,208 and he loves sharks. 594 00:54:44,500 --> 00:54:46,207 Yeah, sharks have fascinated me 595 00:54:46,500 --> 00:54:48,116 since I was a kid. 596 00:54:48,417 --> 00:54:50,409 And ever since I saw "Jaws," 597 00:54:50,708 --> 00:54:52,199 I wanted to set the record straight 598 00:54:52,500 --> 00:54:55,368 about this incredible animal. 599 00:54:55,667 --> 00:54:58,330 Well, then please do. 600 00:54:58,625 --> 00:55:02,448 It's true that sharks occasionally attack humans. 601 00:55:02,750 --> 00:55:04,867 But these are rare exceptions. 602 00:55:05,167 --> 00:55:09,116 Basically, we are not on their menu. 603 00:55:09,417 --> 00:55:12,080 Fabien, give us the numbers. 604 00:55:12,375 --> 00:55:16,915 Okay. Shark attacks resulting in human fatalities... 12. 605 00:55:17,208 --> 00:55:21,327 On average 12 humans killed by sharks per year. 606 00:55:21,625 --> 00:55:23,366 And shark fatalities? 607 00:55:23,667 --> 00:55:25,579 Through overfishing and by-catch... 608 00:55:25,875 --> 00:55:28,413 By-catch is the collateral damage of fishing. 609 00:55:28,708 --> 00:55:30,574 - It's senseless death. - Right. 610 00:55:30,875 --> 00:55:35,575 And most horrifically, for use in shark fin soup... 611 00:55:35,875 --> 00:55:39,039 100 million sharks per year. 612 00:55:39,333 --> 00:55:41,825 That number is almost too big to fathom. 613 00:55:42,125 --> 00:55:46,415 So, think of about a third of the US population 614 00:55:46,708 --> 00:55:49,246 slaughtered every year. 615 00:55:49,542 --> 00:55:51,283 Yeah, think about that. 616 00:56:00,958 --> 00:56:03,200 There live thousands of miles of ocean 617 00:56:03,500 --> 00:56:05,537 and millions of years of evolution 618 00:56:05,833 --> 00:56:08,792 between the plankton at our journey's start 619 00:56:09,083 --> 00:56:12,201 and these sharks near our journey's end... 620 00:56:12,500 --> 00:56:15,493 the bottom and top of the food chain. 621 00:56:39,375 --> 00:56:42,994 Sharks are amongst the world's most ancient predators. 622 00:56:43,292 --> 00:56:46,126 Through the ages, they've honed their hunting skills 623 00:56:46,417 --> 00:56:50,206 and overcome every environmental challenge except one... 624 00:56:50,500 --> 00:56:52,116 industrialized humans. 625 00:57:53,875 --> 00:57:56,743 Another threatened inhabitant of the reef 626 00:57:57,042 --> 00:58:00,786 and amongst its most important predators, are groupers. 627 00:58:01,083 --> 00:58:04,576 This one here is a permanent resident of this sunken ship. 628 00:58:04,875 --> 00:58:07,538 Through their selection of prey, 629 00:58:07,833 --> 00:58:11,201 top predators like sharks and groupers play a critical role 630 00:58:11,500 --> 00:58:14,083 in balancing the complex web of life. 631 00:59:00,167 --> 00:59:01,408 It's not long now, 632 00:59:01,708 --> 00:59:03,199 maybe only a day or two 633 00:59:03,500 --> 00:59:05,457 till my special meeting. 634 00:59:05,750 --> 00:59:09,198 These waters around Nassau are teeming with reef life, 635 00:59:09,500 --> 00:59:12,664 so there's plenty to watch while we wait. 636 00:59:42,958 --> 00:59:44,790 We are not alone. 637 00:59:45,083 --> 00:59:48,781 Who's this lurking on the sandy bottom, 638 00:59:49,083 --> 00:59:52,872 also watching, also waiting? 639 01:00:17,000 --> 01:00:18,662 It's difficult to view a stingray 640 01:00:18,958 --> 01:00:23,578 swimming over the sea floor and not think of flight, 641 01:00:23,875 --> 01:00:25,457 of huge wings, 642 01:00:25,750 --> 01:00:28,413 a majestic bird gliding, 643 01:00:28,708 --> 01:00:32,281 cruising in slow motion over a lush terrain. 644 01:00:46,875 --> 01:00:49,583 I never did build the submerged structures 645 01:00:49,875 --> 01:00:51,787 I dreamt of as a child. 646 01:00:52,083 --> 01:00:56,282 But I always marveled at how the ocean colonizes wreckage, 647 01:00:56,583 --> 01:01:00,076 rebuilds, and renovates with life. 648 01:01:09,500 --> 01:01:12,413 Moray eels may look like snakes, 649 01:01:12,708 --> 01:01:16,156 but they simply a very long, thin fish. 650 01:01:16,458 --> 01:01:19,371 They are found in warm ocean reefs worldwide 651 01:01:19,667 --> 01:01:24,583 with a variety of size, colors, and patterns. 652 01:01:24,875 --> 01:01:28,994 They can reach a length of up to 14 feet. 653 01:01:29,292 --> 01:01:31,579 The gaping mouth is not a threat. 654 01:01:31,875 --> 01:01:33,707 It's just breathing. 655 01:01:45,667 --> 01:01:48,000 This cleaner shrimp grooms the Moray 656 01:01:48,292 --> 01:01:51,785 in exchange for scraps it removes. 657 01:01:52,083 --> 01:01:55,406 The eel seems generally grateful, 658 01:01:55,708 --> 01:01:58,872 like I generally appreciate my dentist. 659 01:03:37,917 --> 01:03:41,206 Life expectancy on the reef diminishes dramatically 660 01:03:41,500 --> 01:03:44,208 for creatures that just hang out in the open, 661 01:03:44,500 --> 01:03:48,198 so finding a suitable shelter is vital. 662 01:03:48,500 --> 01:03:50,457 And some species, like this spiny lobster 663 01:03:50,750 --> 01:03:52,207 or the slipper lobster, 664 01:03:52,500 --> 01:03:55,083 need to find a new hiding place every single day. 665 01:04:26,542 --> 01:04:30,411 Some days, they may compete for the same nook or cranny. 666 01:05:07,417 --> 01:05:10,785 The spiny lobster finds a suitable spot first 667 01:05:11,083 --> 01:05:12,290 and backs in. 668 01:05:25,667 --> 01:05:27,408 The slipper lobster stops, 669 01:05:27,708 --> 01:05:30,075 maybe hoping that the spiny lobster will sublet. 670 01:05:35,667 --> 01:05:36,783 His entrance blocked... 671 01:05:37,083 --> 01:05:38,369 "No vacancy, man." 672 01:05:39,750 --> 01:05:41,286 And the slipper drudges on. 673 01:05:52,167 --> 01:05:54,407 Come, I want to show you some of the biggest, 674 01:05:54,625 --> 01:05:57,914 scariest, most ruthless predators in these waters. 675 01:05:58,208 --> 01:06:00,393 - Papa. - By burrowing into the reef, 676 01:06:00,417 --> 01:06:02,579 these sea monsters make perfect hiding places. 677 01:06:02,875 --> 01:06:05,143 - Papa, we're grown-ups. - Oh, just let him. 678 01:06:05,167 --> 01:06:07,033 We're not buying that silliness. 679 01:06:07,333 --> 01:06:10,747 Beware, my friends, these terrors of the deep, 680 01:06:11,042 --> 01:06:12,999 gobies and blennies. 681 01:06:37,792 --> 01:06:41,240 Maybe not big and scary, but big in number, 682 01:06:41,542 --> 01:06:44,000 these tiny creatures can make up a third 683 01:06:44,292 --> 01:06:47,080 of the population on a reef. 684 01:06:47,375 --> 01:06:49,617 So, they are an important staple for the larger fish 685 01:06:49,917 --> 01:06:52,785 like cod, haddock, and flounder. 686 01:07:05,625 --> 01:07:07,412 They usually burrow into rock 687 01:07:07,708 --> 01:07:10,416 or coral themselves or in pairs, 688 01:07:10,708 --> 01:07:13,416 but sometimes get help from a willing shrimp. 689 01:08:40,042 --> 01:08:42,329 Speaking of insatiable terrors of the deep... 690 01:08:42,625 --> 01:08:44,036 Okay, papa, enough. 691 01:08:44,333 --> 01:08:46,199 No, this time it's true. 692 01:08:46,500 --> 01:08:48,366 The lionfish. 693 01:08:54,625 --> 01:08:57,993 Their extravagant beauty is meant to confuse predators 694 01:08:58,292 --> 01:09:01,000 and prey alike. 695 01:09:01,292 --> 01:09:04,615 The lionfish is an unstoppable hunter with a big appetite, 696 01:09:04,917 --> 01:09:07,876 consuming up to 40 small fish in an hour. 697 01:09:10,167 --> 01:09:12,580 Inside their fins are venomous spines 698 01:09:12,875 --> 01:09:15,413 which discourage would-be predators. 699 01:09:15,708 --> 01:09:18,780 For humans, the poison can cause convulsions, 700 01:09:19,083 --> 01:09:22,201 heart failure, and even death. 701 01:10:18,042 --> 01:10:20,455 Lionfish sneak up slowly 702 01:10:20,750 --> 01:10:23,163 and then attack with lightning speed. 703 01:10:36,333 --> 01:10:39,201 The lionfish is a native of the Pacific Ocean 704 01:10:39,500 --> 01:10:42,413 and was accidentally released in the Atlantic. 705 01:10:42,708 --> 01:10:44,791 Because it has no predators in these waters, 706 01:10:45,083 --> 01:10:47,791 the lionfish population has exploded here, 707 01:10:48,083 --> 01:10:50,666 seriously reducing the juvenile reef fish population. 708 01:10:50,958 --> 01:10:53,701 So even small, unintentional actions 709 01:10:54,000 --> 01:10:56,617 can have great consequences, 710 01:10:56,917 --> 01:11:00,285 disturbing the sensitive balance of nature. 711 01:11:07,292 --> 01:11:12,583 My all-time favorite animal always makes me think. 712 01:11:12,875 --> 01:11:15,458 Like us, they are highly advanced. 713 01:11:15,750 --> 01:11:18,208 But because our evolutionary paths 714 01:11:18,500 --> 01:11:20,787 diverged 600 million years ago, 715 01:11:21,083 --> 01:11:24,781 we developed in radically different ways. 716 01:11:25,083 --> 01:11:29,999 In fact, we may never come closer to alien intelligence 717 01:11:30,292 --> 01:11:32,875 than this... the octopus. 718 01:11:58,375 --> 01:12:00,162 A formidable hunter, 719 01:12:00,458 --> 01:12:03,781 an octopus ambushes its prey by covering large areas 720 01:12:04,083 --> 01:12:05,870 with its parachute-like body. 721 01:12:13,667 --> 01:12:16,000 Below, tentacles will grab 722 01:12:16,292 --> 01:12:19,000 and a venomous bite will kill. 723 01:12:19,292 --> 01:12:21,124 They shift colors and patterns 724 01:12:21,417 --> 01:12:24,785 to match their surroundings with astonishing speed 725 01:12:25,083 --> 01:12:27,666 because their skin can think. 726 01:12:36,500 --> 01:12:40,119 Octopuses recognize faces, can tell people apart, 727 01:12:40,417 --> 01:12:42,784 and even in identical dive suits, 728 01:12:43,083 --> 01:12:45,075 they can grow fond of certain humans 729 01:12:45,375 --> 01:12:47,367 and hold grudges against others. 730 01:13:06,250 --> 01:13:09,789 And in an environment where shelter equals survival, 731 01:13:10,083 --> 01:13:12,700 they are the ultimate contortionists. 732 01:13:13,000 --> 01:13:17,745 It seems that no space is too tight or uncomfortable. 733 01:13:18,042 --> 01:13:19,829 My father called the octopus 734 01:13:20,125 --> 01:13:22,868 the soft intelligence of the sea. 735 01:13:27,667 --> 01:13:29,249 I think it's time to explain 736 01:13:29,542 --> 01:13:31,374 about this rendezvous you've hinted at 737 01:13:31,667 --> 01:13:34,125 for the last 738 01:13:34,417 --> 01:13:35,783 Okay. 739 01:13:36,083 --> 01:13:38,416 The migration of the great hammerhead shark 740 01:13:38,708 --> 01:13:40,995 is largely a mystery route, 741 01:13:41,292 --> 01:13:44,364 except for this place and this date. 742 01:13:44,667 --> 01:13:47,535 Every year, they pass through these waters 743 01:13:47,833 --> 01:13:50,667 for a few days in February. 744 01:14:06,667 --> 01:14:10,741 You see, the hammerhead population here in the Atlantic 745 01:14:11,042 --> 01:14:15,207 has been cut in half only since the 1990s. 746 01:14:15,500 --> 01:14:18,789 In Africa and in Asia, it's even worse. 747 01:14:19,083 --> 01:14:23,077 So, I'm a bit nervous about these encounters. 748 01:14:23,375 --> 01:14:25,332 When will be the last time? 749 01:15:05,375 --> 01:15:08,209 We need to feel confident of her future, 750 01:15:08,500 --> 01:15:10,492 which is so fundamentally connected 751 01:15:10,792 --> 01:15:12,784 with the well-being of the ocean, 752 01:15:13,083 --> 01:15:15,826 that this rendezvous can repeat itself 753 01:15:16,125 --> 01:15:18,788 for years and years to come. 754 01:15:19,083 --> 01:15:22,406 We almost want to hear her say... 755 01:15:22,708 --> 01:15:24,745 Arnold, please? 756 01:15:25,042 --> 01:15:26,533 Just this once. 757 01:15:26,833 --> 01:15:28,665 Okay. 758 01:15:28,958 --> 01:15:30,574 "I'll be back." 759 01:15:30,875 --> 01:15:32,616 I hope so, my friend. 760 01:15:32,917 --> 01:15:33,917 Yeah. 761 01:15:39,292 --> 01:15:41,204 My father and my grandfather 762 01:15:41,500 --> 01:15:43,708 were not born environmentalists. 763 01:15:44,000 --> 01:15:46,993 Fabien and I were not born environmentalists. 764 01:15:47,292 --> 01:15:50,205 But if you spend time underwater like we have, 765 01:15:50,500 --> 01:15:52,082 you fall in love. 766 01:15:52,375 --> 01:15:53,957 You start to care deeply, 767 01:15:54,250 --> 01:15:57,573 and you feel the need to protect and defend. 768 01:15:57,875 --> 01:15:59,411 When we fail to do so, 769 01:15:59,708 --> 01:16:04,078 the reality is far scarier than a school of sharks. 770 01:16:21,958 --> 01:16:23,915 This is a dead reef. 771 01:16:24,208 --> 01:16:25,574 All life is gone. 772 01:16:25,875 --> 01:16:27,207 It is no longer the home 773 01:16:27,500 --> 01:16:29,162 of countless life-forms 774 01:16:29,458 --> 01:16:32,166 as in the reefs we saw earlier. 775 01:16:32,458 --> 01:16:34,666 According to the United Nations 776 01:16:34,958 --> 01:16:39,749 about 20% of the world's coral reefs are now dead. 777 01:16:40,042 --> 01:16:43,080 Many more are damaged or endangered. 778 01:16:43,375 --> 01:16:47,699 This desolation is overwhelming. 779 01:16:48,000 --> 01:16:49,411 It should be required viewing 780 01:16:49,708 --> 01:16:52,701 for decision-makers everywhere. 781 01:16:53,000 --> 01:16:55,208 Coral reefs are not important to save 782 01:16:55,500 --> 01:16:57,332 because they are pretty. 783 01:16:57,625 --> 01:16:59,412 They are important to save 784 01:16:59,708 --> 01:17:03,998 because they are crucial to the health of our planet. 785 01:17:04,292 --> 01:17:05,999 And we know why this is happening. 786 01:17:06,292 --> 01:17:08,204 Ocean warming is one major cause. 787 01:17:08,500 --> 01:17:11,243 Another is ocean acidification, 788 01:17:11,542 --> 01:17:14,785 which is caused by greenhouse gases. 789 01:17:15,083 --> 01:17:17,746 All the habitats we visited; 790 01:17:18,042 --> 01:17:20,375 coral reefs, 791 01:17:20,667 --> 01:17:22,829 kelp forests, 792 01:17:23,125 --> 01:17:25,242 sandy bottoms, 793 01:17:25,542 --> 01:17:27,158 mangroves, 794 01:17:27,458 --> 01:17:31,407 where the greatest abundance of marine diversity thrives, 795 01:17:31,708 --> 01:17:35,201 all have one thing in common... they are near land. 796 01:17:35,500 --> 01:17:38,993 They are near their most fortunate beneficiary 797 01:17:39,292 --> 01:17:42,581 and biggest threat... us. 798 01:17:42,875 --> 01:17:44,787 We spill oil. 799 01:17:45,083 --> 01:17:47,200 We dump chemicals, 800 01:17:47,500 --> 01:17:50,993 raw sewage, and plastics, 801 01:17:51,292 --> 01:17:54,785 and unimaginable waste into her. 802 01:17:55,083 --> 01:17:57,450 Meanwhile, land and air pollution 803 01:17:57,750 --> 01:17:59,787 are equally damaging for the oceans 804 01:18:00,083 --> 01:18:02,496 and ultimately, mankind. 805 01:18:13,958 --> 01:18:16,496 This is the ocean we dream of, 806 01:18:16,792 --> 01:18:18,784 and it can be a reality 807 01:18:19,083 --> 01:18:22,121 even where there is desolation today. 808 01:18:22,417 --> 01:18:25,910 Because life returns when the conditions are right. 809 01:18:26,208 --> 01:18:28,951 The ocean forgives. 810 01:18:29,250 --> 01:18:31,993 Today, environmental organizations, 811 01:18:32,292 --> 01:18:36,036 activists, and ordinary citizens around the globe 812 01:18:36,333 --> 01:18:39,201 are championing an array of environmental causes, 813 01:18:39,500 --> 01:18:43,574 among them, the establishment of marine-protected areas. 814 01:18:43,875 --> 01:18:45,411 Marine-protected areas 815 01:18:45,708 --> 01:18:48,416 are like the national parks of the ocean. 816 01:18:48,708 --> 01:18:51,576 Governments around the world are beginning to listen 817 01:18:51,875 --> 01:18:54,788 and to act... slowly. 818 01:18:55,083 --> 01:18:57,746 So far, only about 4% of the oceans 819 01:18:58,042 --> 01:18:59,999 are marine-protected areas, 820 01:19:00,292 --> 01:19:03,080 but it is an important step in the right direction... 821 01:19:03,375 --> 01:19:05,788 one of many. 822 01:19:06,083 --> 01:19:09,406 Ultimately, this is about our will to survive 823 01:19:09,708 --> 01:19:12,200 through our ability to adapt. 824 01:19:12,500 --> 01:19:14,492 The ocean survives without us. 825 01:19:14,792 --> 01:19:16,784 We don't survive without the ocean. 826 01:19:17,083 --> 01:19:20,952 Or, as my good friend Sylvia Earle once said, 827 01:19:21,250 --> 01:19:23,287 "No water, no life. 828 01:19:23,583 --> 01:19:25,666 No blue, no green." 829 01:19:26,917 --> 01:19:28,124 You know something? 830 01:19:28,417 --> 01:19:30,500 I couldn't have said it better myself. 831 01:20:05,667 --> 01:20:08,956 For me, this voyage has been about connections... 832 01:20:09,250 --> 01:20:11,333 connections between habitats, 833 01:20:11,625 --> 01:20:13,867 between the ends of the food chain, 834 01:20:14,167 --> 01:20:15,578 the ends of the Earth, 835 01:20:15,875 --> 01:20:18,288 between us and the ocean, 836 01:20:18,583 --> 01:20:21,747 and between generations. 837 01:20:22,042 --> 01:20:24,750 That's why we are all here. 838 01:20:25,042 --> 01:20:26,908 I kind of picked up on that. 839 01:20:27,208 --> 01:20:28,915 I don't believe in dynasties 840 01:20:29,208 --> 01:20:31,200 anymore than my father did. 841 01:20:31,500 --> 01:20:33,116 But we have a family passion 842 01:20:33,417 --> 01:20:34,908 that is hard to escape. 843 01:20:35,208 --> 01:20:37,200 Impossible, I'd say. 844 01:20:37,500 --> 01:20:41,449 Well, your father entrusted you with a certain legacy. 845 01:20:41,750 --> 01:20:42,786 He did. 846 01:20:43,083 --> 01:20:44,665 And somewhere down the road, 847 01:20:44,958 --> 01:20:46,790 I might do the same. 848 01:20:47,083 --> 01:20:48,415 Take your time, Papa. 849 01:20:48,708 --> 01:20:51,701 Out there are still so many wonders... 850 01:20:52,000 --> 01:20:53,992 ...we may share. 851 01:20:59,292 --> 01:21:01,784 ♪ If we stand here ♪ 852 01:21:02,083 --> 01:21:06,077 ♪ Side by side ♪ 853 01:21:07,667 --> 01:21:11,411 ♪ We can bring her back ♪ 854 01:21:11,708 --> 01:21:14,667 ♪ To life ♪ 855 01:21:16,250 --> 01:21:20,324 ♪ And the heart of the ocean ♪ 856 01:21:20,625 --> 01:21:22,867 ♪ Beats in me ♪ 857 01:21:24,750 --> 01:21:28,949 ♪ Let the heart of the ocean ♪ 858 01:21:29,250 --> 01:21:34,075 ♪ Set you free ♪ 859 01:21:51,667 --> 01:21:53,579 ♪ It is not too late, not to late to change ♪ 860 01:21:53,875 --> 01:21:55,787 ♪ Not too late to make a change ♪ 861 01:21:56,083 --> 01:21:57,915 ♪ It is not too late, not too late to change ♪ 862 01:21:58,208 --> 01:22:00,040 ♪ Not to late to make a change ♪ 863 01:22:00,333 --> 01:22:02,199 ♪ It is not too late, not too late to change ♪ 864 01:22:02,500 --> 01:22:04,412 ♪ Not too late to make a change ♪ 865 01:22:04,708 --> 01:22:07,576 ♪ It is not too late ♪ 866 01:22:07,875 --> 01:22:10,208 ♪ If we stand here ♪ 867 01:22:10,500 --> 01:22:16,201 ♪ Side by side ♪ 868 01:22:16,500 --> 01:22:18,992 ♪ We can bring her ♪ 869 01:22:19,292 --> 01:22:24,742 ♪ Back to life ♪ 870 01:22:25,042 --> 01:22:28,956 ♪ And the heart of the ocean ♪ 871 01:22:29,250 --> 01:22:31,617 ♪ Beats in me ♪ 872 01:22:33,250 --> 01:22:37,449 ♪ Let the heart of the ocean ♪ 873 01:22:37,750 --> 01:22:42,575 ♪ Set you free ♪ 70102

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