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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:09,920 --> 00:00:13,480 They were among the last great pyramid builders on the planet... 2 00:00:15,000 --> 00:00:18,480 one of history's most mysterious civilisations. 3 00:00:20,960 --> 00:00:23,679 In an isolated valley in the Andes, 4 00:00:23,680 --> 00:00:29,240 the Lambayeque people were gripped by an obsession to build pyramids. 5 00:00:34,080 --> 00:00:36,800 But that obsession turned to horror. 6 00:00:41,600 --> 00:00:45,800 The city descended into violence and bloodletting... 7 00:00:48,120 --> 00:00:52,880 and then the whole civilisation vanished off the face of the Earth. 8 00:00:59,480 --> 00:01:02,799 Only recently has the evidence come to light 9 00:01:02,800 --> 00:01:07,400 to explain what brought this great civilisation to an abrupt end... 10 00:01:09,000 --> 00:01:14,720 and to explain the fear that drove these people into oblivion. 11 00:01:36,600 --> 00:01:42,200 In the foothills of the Andes in northern Peru there's a remote valley. 12 00:01:48,160 --> 00:01:52,680 It's a place still haunted by its past. 13 00:01:58,680 --> 00:02:03,599 Long ago the people who lived in the Lambayeque valley came to believe 14 00:02:03,600 --> 00:02:09,240 that building pyramids was essential to their survival. 15 00:02:10,560 --> 00:02:12,719 They built 250 pyramids, 16 00:02:12,720 --> 00:02:17,680 one of the most impressive feats of engineering in the ancient world. 17 00:02:18,960 --> 00:02:23,160 A vast valley of monuments that dominated the landscape. 18 00:02:25,560 --> 00:02:29,599 But one day something terrible happened here, 19 00:02:29,600 --> 00:02:36,279 and the civilisation disappeared along with all 250 pyramids. 20 00:02:36,280 --> 00:02:40,160 And they were lost to the outside world for centuries. 21 00:02:49,640 --> 00:02:54,679 The outside world finally did learn about them through the work of one man, 22 00:02:54,680 --> 00:02:59,520 who arrived in this valley unaware that he'd entered a lost world. 23 00:03:10,840 --> 00:03:16,079 Hans Bruning was one of history's accidental explorers. 24 00:03:16,080 --> 00:03:22,120 He was an engineer from Germany who'd come here to work with machines for processing sugar cane. 25 00:03:27,080 --> 00:03:28,839 They are precision machines. 26 00:03:28,840 --> 00:03:32,799 - Herr Bruning? - Yes. - They need you in the workshop. 27 00:03:32,800 --> 00:03:36,000 Ah, thank you, Carlos. Excuse me one moment. 28 00:03:37,520 --> 00:03:44,279 Never in his wildest dreams did he think he'd stumble across a lost civilisation, 29 00:03:44,280 --> 00:03:48,400 yet the hunt for this lost world would take over his life. 30 00:03:56,840 --> 00:04:01,679 At the time, treasures from the lost world were regularly being dug up 31 00:04:01,680 --> 00:04:06,280 and melted down in local workshops across the valley. 32 00:04:30,760 --> 00:04:36,199 If you are interested, he can give you a good price on the gold. 33 00:04:36,200 --> 00:04:38,479 For that one - 34 00:04:38,480 --> 00:04:40,000 20 livres. 35 00:04:43,400 --> 00:04:45,160 Silver is cheaper. 36 00:04:48,200 --> 00:04:51,640 When that is melted down, 100 livres. 37 00:04:55,440 --> 00:05:01,600 Tell him... tell him I will give him 200 livres not to melt it down. 38 00:05:04,200 --> 00:05:05,000 Tell him! 39 00:05:06,720 --> 00:05:11,199 Bruning witnessed kilos of gold and silver artefacts 40 00:05:11,200 --> 00:05:15,440 being melted down for cash and lost to history forever. 41 00:05:29,760 --> 00:05:34,280 Bruning decided to rescue these unique objects from obliteration. 42 00:05:44,920 --> 00:05:51,600 He set off from the sugar plantation on a journey in search of the origin of the artefacts. 43 00:05:55,680 --> 00:06:01,280 He gave up his life as an engineer for that of an archaeologist and explorer. 44 00:06:14,560 --> 00:06:18,039 His travels took him through the Lambayeque valley, 45 00:06:18,040 --> 00:06:21,520 from the Pacific coast to the foothills of the Andes. 46 00:06:27,200 --> 00:06:31,120 He passed through a strange and eerie landscape. 47 00:06:36,360 --> 00:06:39,599 The lost civilisation was all around him. 48 00:06:39,600 --> 00:06:41,960 He just couldn't see it. 49 00:06:55,640 --> 00:07:00,440 And it was on this journey that he was shown the secret of the valley. 50 00:07:07,800 --> 00:07:11,319 My god. 51 00:07:11,320 --> 00:07:14,200 Bricks. 52 00:07:14,800 --> 00:07:16,239 Yeah. 53 00:07:16,240 --> 00:07:19,319 The whole mountain. 54 00:07:19,320 --> 00:07:23,239 So this... mountain... 55 00:07:23,240 --> 00:07:26,080 was once a pyramid. 56 00:07:30,240 --> 00:07:36,320 Every mound he had passed was the remains of a pyramid built out of bricks. 57 00:07:49,400 --> 00:07:54,160 Over hundreds of years, they'd become heavily eroded... 58 00:07:54,200 --> 00:07:57,999 then vanished back into the landscape, 59 00:07:58,000 --> 00:08:00,880 turning into a series of hills. 60 00:08:06,840 --> 00:08:13,120 He began to assemble a museum full of archaeological objects from this lost civilisation. 61 00:08:17,040 --> 00:08:21,159 And his hundreds of photographs brought this valley of pyramids 62 00:08:21,160 --> 00:08:24,520 to the attention of the outside world. 63 00:08:28,200 --> 00:08:31,119 Eventually his journey would take him towards the most 64 00:08:31,120 --> 00:08:35,280 impressive group of pyramids this civilisation ever built. 65 00:08:38,680 --> 00:08:42,519 There's a town here called El Purgatorio. 66 00:08:42,520 --> 00:08:44,519 Purgatory. 67 00:08:44,520 --> 00:08:47,520 What's there? 68 00:08:47,560 --> 00:08:51,439 At El Purgatorio there is a mountain. 69 00:08:51,440 --> 00:08:53,959 Dangerous spirits live there. 70 00:08:53,960 --> 00:08:57,159 They are very, very powerful. 71 00:08:57,160 --> 00:08:59,640 No, they can kill a man. 72 00:09:01,680 --> 00:09:06,879 The people there say it is the entrance to Hell. 73 00:09:06,880 --> 00:09:11,879 - Do you believe this? - They believe a lot of things. 74 00:09:11,880 --> 00:09:14,080 It is just a name. 75 00:09:19,440 --> 00:09:26,880 Bruning ignored the legend, heading for Purgatorio and the collection of pyramids today known as Tucume. 76 00:09:36,040 --> 00:09:42,560 There was a line separating the city from the rest of the valley which locals feared to cross. 77 00:09:47,720 --> 00:09:50,440 You can take your pictures from here. 78 00:09:56,320 --> 00:09:57,320 Senor Bruning! 79 00:10:07,320 --> 00:10:12,640 Bruning discovered a city of pyramids like nowhere else in the world. 80 00:10:15,360 --> 00:10:21,240 He counted 26 in all, ruins, towering above the landscape. 81 00:10:30,440 --> 00:10:36,120 This was the last pyramid city built by this mysterious civilisation. 82 00:10:41,880 --> 00:10:45,799 The city of pyramids was shunned by local people, 83 00:10:45,800 --> 00:10:50,120 though still used by witch doctors for strange ceremonies. 84 00:10:57,040 --> 00:11:01,279 But Bruning had no way of knowing the horrific rituals 85 00:11:01,280 --> 00:11:05,080 that had once taken place here in ancient times. 86 00:11:11,760 --> 00:11:17,599 Hans Bruning devoted the rest of his life to studying the valley and its people. 87 00:11:17,600 --> 00:11:22,599 But he died without learning why they built so many pyramids here 88 00:11:22,600 --> 00:11:28,240 and what had happened at Tucume to cause this civilisation to vanish. 89 00:11:28,280 --> 00:11:31,840 That task would fall to others. 90 00:11:36,120 --> 00:11:40,359 A hundred years on, and an international team of scientists brought 91 00:11:40,360 --> 00:11:45,840 the power of modern archaeology to solve the mysteries Bruning had been unable to tackle. 92 00:11:49,440 --> 00:11:55,120 Field archaeologists, climate scientists and experts in forensics all became involved. 93 00:11:57,680 --> 00:12:01,119 Their quest was to find out who these people were, 94 00:12:01,120 --> 00:12:04,199 what drove them to build so many pyramids, 95 00:12:04,200 --> 00:12:10,280 and what had happened at Tucume to cause this civilisation to vanish. 96 00:12:15,760 --> 00:12:18,519 Archaeologists have carefully mapped 97 00:12:18,520 --> 00:12:21,359 the pyramids in the Lambayeque Valley. 98 00:12:21,360 --> 00:12:27,040 There are so many of them here, they outstrip most other pyramid building cultures. 99 00:12:28,560 --> 00:12:30,359 This is the Valley Of The Pyramids. 100 00:12:30,360 --> 00:12:32,920 This whole place is full of pyramids. 101 00:12:32,960 --> 00:12:35,919 You look here. Here we are in Tucume, but look at all these black dots. 102 00:12:35,920 --> 00:12:37,679 Every one of these is a pyramid. 103 00:12:37,680 --> 00:12:39,959 There are about 250 pyramids in this valley. 104 00:12:39,960 --> 00:12:45,359 I don't know anywhere else that's got anything like this concentration of pyramids. This is the pyramid place. 105 00:12:45,360 --> 00:12:50,759 Across the valley, three great pyramid cities stood out. 106 00:12:50,760 --> 00:12:52,599 Start with Pampa Grande up the valley. 107 00:12:52,600 --> 00:12:55,560 There's only one pyramid there, but it's huge. 108 00:12:57,480 --> 00:13:03,959 It's over 50 metres high and 200 metres wide. 109 00:13:03,960 --> 00:13:06,840 Then we move to Batan Grande with over half a dozen. 110 00:13:10,200 --> 00:13:13,479 And then we come to Tucume with 26, which is unheard of. 111 00:13:13,480 --> 00:13:17,520 There's no other place anywhere in South America that has 26 pyramids in it. 112 00:13:24,760 --> 00:13:29,479 There've been pyramids before, but one or two or three. 113 00:13:29,480 --> 00:13:32,639 But Batan Grande, you've got, oh, over half a dozen pyramids, 114 00:13:32,640 --> 00:13:35,880 large ones, and then they move to Tucume and it just goes crazy. 115 00:13:53,600 --> 00:13:57,119 The people who went pyramid crazy had no writing. 116 00:13:57,120 --> 00:14:00,879 No-one even knows what they called themselves, so they've been named 117 00:14:00,880 --> 00:14:04,320 after the valley they lived in - the Lambayeque. 118 00:14:06,320 --> 00:14:09,519 They flourished here around 700 AD. 119 00:14:09,520 --> 00:14:13,039 They were the last descendants of a culture in northern Peru 120 00:14:13,040 --> 00:14:17,560 who'd been building pyramids for thousands of years. 121 00:14:17,880 --> 00:14:22,080 But the Lambayeque took pyramid building to the level of an obsession. 122 00:14:26,600 --> 00:14:33,480 But what were these pyramids for, and why had the Lambayeque been driven to build so many? 123 00:14:41,760 --> 00:14:46,959 Every culture that built pyramids did it for a very specific purpose. 124 00:14:46,960 --> 00:14:52,160 A purpose that takes us to the heart of everything they believed in. 125 00:14:55,440 --> 00:14:58,639 Over a dozen civilisations built pyramids, 126 00:14:58,640 --> 00:15:02,240 but none of them looked quite like those of the Lambayeque. 127 00:15:03,720 --> 00:15:09,239 You think about pyramids and probably the first thing that comes to mind would be the Egyptian pyramids, 128 00:15:09,240 --> 00:15:13,119 these huge pointy tombs that were built to house a particular dead ruler. 129 00:15:13,120 --> 00:15:16,000 One purpose, one time, that was it. 130 00:15:19,600 --> 00:15:21,679 When you think of Aztec pyramids, 131 00:15:21,680 --> 00:15:25,959 which were built for temples, Mayan ones as well, sometimes they may have had a tomb inside, 132 00:15:25,960 --> 00:15:28,920 but mainly they were the seat for particular rituals. 133 00:15:33,600 --> 00:15:39,360 At Tucume, the design of the pyramids was different from elsewhere in the world. 134 00:15:48,840 --> 00:15:52,559 There are 26 pyramids of wildly different sizes, 135 00:15:52,560 --> 00:15:56,480 all built around an imposing central mountain. 136 00:16:01,360 --> 00:16:06,080 The site is vast, almost a square mile in size. 137 00:16:11,600 --> 00:16:19,160 But one building stands out - a giant rectangular platform built into the side of the mountain. 138 00:16:25,720 --> 00:16:28,919 We have what was arguably the world's largest pyramid ever, 139 00:16:28,920 --> 00:16:30,800 sitting in the middle of the site. 140 00:16:34,320 --> 00:16:39,600 It is 700 metres long and more than 20 metres high. 141 00:16:41,680 --> 00:16:46,080 The space on top is the size of seven football pitches. 142 00:16:50,800 --> 00:16:55,800 The pyramids are all solid structures, without rooms inside. 143 00:17:01,080 --> 00:17:07,559 They have the tops cut off to create a series of huge open spaces. 144 00:17:07,560 --> 00:17:13,479 And there was no evidence that they were built to be tombs or temples. 145 00:17:13,480 --> 00:17:16,200 This is very different from other pyramids in the world. 146 00:17:18,840 --> 00:17:23,000 There was only one way to the top, via a ramp. 147 00:17:28,520 --> 00:17:34,920 This one was 120 metres long and built with rooms to control access halfway up it. 148 00:17:41,680 --> 00:17:48,759 The route to the top then went through a complex maze of closed doorways and passages. 149 00:17:48,760 --> 00:17:52,039 The layout of these pyramids was quite unlike 150 00:17:52,040 --> 00:17:56,720 those built by the other great pyramid-building civilisations. 151 00:18:08,680 --> 00:18:12,839 It's clear that pyramids were of such central importance 152 00:18:12,840 --> 00:18:18,240 to this society that they were prepared to commit all their resources to building them. 153 00:18:22,000 --> 00:18:29,000 Slowly, methodically, thousands of people must have toiled all their lives on these buildings. 154 00:18:32,320 --> 00:18:38,039 The bricks are made from mud, baked dry in the sun. 155 00:18:38,040 --> 00:18:40,079 The scale is dazzling. 156 00:18:40,080 --> 00:18:42,640 It was like a military operation. 157 00:18:45,240 --> 00:18:49,879 Every brick had a mark showing which factory it came from, 158 00:18:49,880 --> 00:18:54,239 and the valley was crammed with hundreds of brick factories, 159 00:18:54,240 --> 00:18:57,160 each one with its own recognisable mark. 160 00:18:59,720 --> 00:19:03,200 Take a look at some of the marks. You can see footprint marks... 161 00:19:05,840 --> 00:19:06,920 Spirals... 162 00:19:08,160 --> 00:19:11,639 T shapes... Now, remember they didn't actually have an alphabet. 163 00:19:11,640 --> 00:19:13,359 They didn't have a writing system. 164 00:19:13,360 --> 00:19:16,639 Nevertheless they did have symbols that meant something. 165 00:19:16,640 --> 00:19:21,279 And in total these are over 80 marks and they came out of a single segment of wall 166 00:19:21,280 --> 00:19:25,800 in one small part of the site, so there would have been many more marks throughout the entire site. 167 00:19:28,320 --> 00:19:34,040 Something clearly drove the Lambayeque to create a production line for pyramids. 168 00:19:41,480 --> 00:19:48,119 Carbon dating shows that the first pyramid at Tucume was built around 1100 AD, 169 00:19:48,120 --> 00:19:54,640 and for 400 years they built more pyramids and added extensions to the ones they already had. 170 00:19:57,400 --> 00:20:00,239 An ancient architect's model found at the site 171 00:20:00,240 --> 00:20:04,160 shows the pyramids were built according to a strict master plan. 172 00:20:08,920 --> 00:20:15,240 It would have taken 2,000 people a year just to make the bricks for this one pyramid. 173 00:20:18,840 --> 00:20:23,119 It would have taken another army of people to build the pyramid itself, 174 00:20:23,120 --> 00:20:28,079 hundreds more to grow and cook food for the workers. 175 00:20:28,080 --> 00:20:33,440 So it would have taken thousands several years to complete one pyramid. 176 00:20:35,200 --> 00:20:40,880 And there were 25 others at Tucume, and another 200 across the valley. 177 00:20:43,440 --> 00:20:50,120 So building pyramids must have become an all-consuming task for the people of the Lambayeque Valley. 178 00:20:51,080 --> 00:20:56,279 The pyramids must have satisfied some overwhelming need. 179 00:20:56,280 --> 00:21:01,840 Whatever that was, it had to be in some way connected to how these pyramids were used. 180 00:21:10,160 --> 00:21:13,759 And on top of the pyramid there are clues. 181 00:21:13,760 --> 00:21:19,440 Here a complex of rooms has been unearthed, some richly decorated. 182 00:21:24,440 --> 00:21:31,199 Just outside these rooms, archaeologists found mounds and mounds of food remains. 183 00:21:31,200 --> 00:21:34,400 This isn't usually found on top of pyramids. 184 00:21:36,000 --> 00:21:41,879 Among the remains there were the bones of llamas and large fish - 185 00:21:41,880 --> 00:21:43,440 the food of the wealthy. 186 00:21:46,920 --> 00:21:52,879 TRANSLATION: We found a very important area because it was a space for many kitchens. 187 00:21:52,880 --> 00:21:59,799 In this place we found formal ovens with a lot of charcoal, a lot of rubbish like seeds and animal bones 188 00:21:59,800 --> 00:22:04,160 and fragments of cooking pots - all with evidence of cooking. 189 00:22:08,240 --> 00:22:12,879 As they dug further down, they found so many layers of rich food 190 00:22:12,880 --> 00:22:19,520 that generations of wealthy people must have lived and eaten here on the pyramid. 191 00:22:21,800 --> 00:22:24,799 These facts confirm that people lived in this building 192 00:22:24,800 --> 00:22:31,600 for long periods of time, and not just temporarily during ceremonial occasions. 193 00:22:41,040 --> 00:22:44,399 And then on top of the pyramid they discovered the remains of 194 00:22:44,400 --> 00:22:48,320 a 35-year-old man who they believed had once lived here. 195 00:22:51,600 --> 00:22:56,120 He was found with the jewellery and the feather headdress he once wore. 196 00:22:58,200 --> 00:23:03,320 The richness of these finds meant this was a member of the governing elite. 197 00:23:05,680 --> 00:23:11,120 TRANSLATION: We found very clear evidence of the status and hierarchy this person had. 198 00:23:14,680 --> 00:23:20,919 So there is no doubt that the pyramids at Tucume served as places of residence, 199 00:23:20,920 --> 00:23:25,360 like a palace for the lords who governed the whole area. 200 00:23:33,240 --> 00:23:38,519 So at Tucume it seems generations of lords had moved in 201 00:23:38,520 --> 00:23:41,399 to live on top of the pyramids. 202 00:23:41,400 --> 00:23:47,879 As with all rulers in the Andes, these lords must have been treated as semi-gods. 203 00:23:47,880 --> 00:23:52,880 These were men who claimed to have magical powers to control the world. 204 00:23:57,360 --> 00:24:04,400 Tucume was a truly bizarre city of 26 lords living on 26 pyramids. 205 00:24:05,520 --> 00:24:08,599 Archaeologists believe the likely explanation 206 00:24:08,600 --> 00:24:13,679 is the lords on these pyramids were rulers from across this valley. 207 00:24:13,680 --> 00:24:21,519 Something about this one place drew them all here to build their pyramid palaces side by side. 208 00:24:21,520 --> 00:24:25,119 If you look around all the pyramids at Tucume, 209 00:24:25,120 --> 00:24:27,879 each one of them would have had some kind of lord living on top. 210 00:24:27,880 --> 00:24:31,039 Perhaps the more powerful lords on the bigger pyramids like this one, 211 00:24:31,040 --> 00:24:33,559 perhaps the less powerful lords on smaller ones. 212 00:24:33,560 --> 00:24:36,320 But there are 26 pyramids here - that's a lot of lords. 213 00:24:38,040 --> 00:24:42,440 And this is how the lords lived on top of their palace pyramids. 214 00:24:45,000 --> 00:24:49,999 To get to the top you had to climb a series of ramps. 215 00:24:50,000 --> 00:24:52,639 At the centre of the pyramid on a raised mount 216 00:24:52,640 --> 00:24:57,240 were the rooms where the lord lived and met with priests and courtiers. 217 00:25:03,840 --> 00:25:07,199 Behind it were his vast kitchens. 218 00:25:07,200 --> 00:25:09,840 Llama and fish were favourites on the menu. 219 00:25:18,520 --> 00:25:23,400 Nearby have been found the remains of rows of workshops and store rooms. 220 00:25:28,200 --> 00:25:33,320 This must have been a place of constant noise and activity. 221 00:25:35,000 --> 00:25:39,239 But the front of the pyramid served a very different function. 222 00:25:39,240 --> 00:25:44,720 The vast open space was reserved for huge public ceremonies. 223 00:25:53,280 --> 00:26:00,320 So why did 26 lords choose to live crowded together on 26 pyramids in one city? 224 00:26:03,760 --> 00:26:08,640 One clue seemed to be the mountain at the centre of Tucume. 225 00:26:12,400 --> 00:26:17,159 TRANSLATION: The mountains in ancient Peru and today 226 00:26:17,160 --> 00:26:21,600 constitute very special centres of religious and magical power. 227 00:26:24,920 --> 00:26:28,559 We know from later travellers to Peru that people here 228 00:26:28,560 --> 00:26:32,960 in ancient times believed the gods spoke through the forces of nature. 229 00:26:37,040 --> 00:26:41,160 Thunder was a voice of a god. So was lightning. 230 00:26:44,080 --> 00:26:47,519 But the truly powerful gods lived in the mountains. 231 00:26:47,520 --> 00:26:51,040 When they were angry, they could unleash terror on the population. 232 00:26:53,960 --> 00:27:00,959 They also controlled life and death by bringing water from the Andes. 233 00:27:00,960 --> 00:27:05,040 Without this water, the valley would be a desert. 234 00:27:07,400 --> 00:27:10,879 Scientists believe that when the Lambayeque built a pyramid they were 235 00:27:10,880 --> 00:27:18,519 building a replica mountain with the same supernatural power they hoped could control the forces of nature. 236 00:27:18,520 --> 00:27:22,319 If you look back here you can see the mountain, the centre of the site of Tucume. 237 00:27:22,320 --> 00:27:29,279 Mountains in the Andes are power, they're seats of the lords of the supernatural, the gods of the Andes. 238 00:27:29,280 --> 00:27:33,159 And the pyramids are little mountains. They capture that power. 239 00:27:33,160 --> 00:27:35,120 This is the power to protect. 240 00:27:49,200 --> 00:27:52,799 So this was the logic of the valley. 241 00:27:52,800 --> 00:28:00,519 The people would toil to build pyramids they believed had the magical power of mountains. 242 00:28:00,520 --> 00:28:04,759 And just as the gods lived on the mountains, the lords would live on 243 00:28:04,760 --> 00:28:09,720 top of these pyramids to protect the people from what they most feared. 244 00:28:14,560 --> 00:28:18,319 But what was it in this valley they were so afraid of? 245 00:28:18,320 --> 00:28:22,280 And why did they need so many pyramids to protect themselves? 246 00:28:30,800 --> 00:28:34,679 Archaelogists believe they may have discovered the answer 247 00:28:34,680 --> 00:28:38,200 in the ruins of the three great cities in the valley. 248 00:28:43,120 --> 00:28:46,440 The carbon dates from the cities showed something surprising. 249 00:28:47,920 --> 00:28:53,799 These three cities hadn't existed at the same time, each one was only 250 00:28:53,800 --> 00:28:59,040 built after the previous city was, for some reason, abandoned. 251 00:29:01,840 --> 00:29:04,319 Pampa Grande had been built first. 252 00:29:04,320 --> 00:29:08,599 Then a few hundred years later, suddenly abandoned. 253 00:29:08,600 --> 00:29:12,119 Immediately after this they built Batan Grande. 254 00:29:12,120 --> 00:29:15,640 And then that had suddenly been abandoned. 255 00:29:18,640 --> 00:29:23,439 Finally, enormous effort had gone into building the vast city of Tucume. 256 00:29:23,440 --> 00:29:26,720 And it too was abandoned. 257 00:29:28,200 --> 00:29:31,760 That was the end of this civilisation. 258 00:29:34,440 --> 00:29:40,399 There were strange things linking the abandonment of all these cities. 259 00:29:40,400 --> 00:29:42,759 Just before each city was deserted, 260 00:29:42,760 --> 00:29:47,120 the very tops of the pyramids had been set on fire. 261 00:29:56,720 --> 00:30:01,039 The evidence for this is clear in all three cities. 262 00:30:01,040 --> 00:30:03,799 Here in the palace on the main pyramid at Tucume 263 00:30:03,800 --> 00:30:08,040 there was a two-metre thick reddened layer caused by the fire. 264 00:30:15,120 --> 00:30:19,839 TRANSLATION: The colour of the walls that we can see here is the product of a very intense fire, 265 00:30:19,840 --> 00:30:27,120 a fire that was so strong that it not only burnt the outer surface of the wall but it melted the stones. 266 00:30:29,360 --> 00:30:33,880 This fire was so intense it would have been visible for miles. 267 00:30:36,920 --> 00:30:43,999 There's no evidence of battles or invasions to suggest these fires were lit by an attacking army. 268 00:30:44,000 --> 00:30:49,920 Instead, it looks like the people of the pyramids had, for some reason, done it themselves. 269 00:30:52,200 --> 00:30:55,639 So they spend a hundred years building this really big site, 270 00:30:55,640 --> 00:30:58,679 this really important site, and then, boom, it's abandoned. 271 00:30:58,680 --> 00:31:02,360 That's it. They burn the top of the pyramid, they go away and they never come back. 272 00:31:05,640 --> 00:31:12,639 To wilfully destroy what the whole community had toiled so hard to build seems unfathomable. 273 00:31:12,640 --> 00:31:19,000 But if you understand the logic of the valley it begins to make a sinister kind of sense. 274 00:31:23,600 --> 00:31:29,319 Because fire is used throughout northern Peru to purify places 275 00:31:29,320 --> 00:31:32,040 considered touched by evil. 276 00:31:37,400 --> 00:31:40,439 TRANSLATION: Fire is a very important element. 277 00:31:40,440 --> 00:31:42,239 It purifies sites. 278 00:31:42,240 --> 00:31:48,080 It clears away all the bad energy or negative elements that could be present in a place. 279 00:31:54,000 --> 00:31:57,679 And across the region scientists have found evidence 280 00:31:57,680 --> 00:32:03,679 of the supernatural force the ancient people of the valley most feared. 281 00:32:03,680 --> 00:32:09,120 When it struck, it drove them to purify their cities by fire and abandon them forever. 282 00:32:13,680 --> 00:32:19,319 This region has been subject to some of the most extreme climate disasters on the planet - 283 00:32:19,320 --> 00:32:22,639 disasters the lords and the pyramids themselves, 284 00:32:22,640 --> 00:32:27,680 the source of magic and power, were supposed to protect the people from. 285 00:32:33,960 --> 00:32:41,080 Archaeological layers from the city of Batan Grande show it had been hit by a great wall of water. 286 00:32:47,080 --> 00:32:52,480 And the nearby pyramid complex of Moche had been hit by a wave of sand which covered the city. 287 00:33:08,040 --> 00:33:10,919 These disasters of biblical proportions were caused 288 00:33:10,920 --> 00:33:16,040 by the violent climate upheavals known as El Ninos. 289 00:33:17,520 --> 00:33:20,160 They still strike in the region today. 290 00:33:22,080 --> 00:33:28,919 It seems this must have been the supernatural force that the people in the valley so feared, 291 00:33:28,920 --> 00:33:31,919 becuase for the Lambayeque, these climate disasters 292 00:33:31,920 --> 00:33:35,080 could only be understood as the wrath of the angry gods. 293 00:33:45,960 --> 00:33:50,199 So once the gods had struck, the pyramids and the lords who 294 00:33:50,200 --> 00:33:55,639 lived on top of them were shown to have failed to protect the people. 295 00:33:55,640 --> 00:33:58,920 These events keep happening, and they're extreme events. 296 00:34:01,560 --> 00:34:03,839 Rains would have washed away the fields. 297 00:34:03,840 --> 00:34:05,879 People would have had nothing to eat. 298 00:34:05,880 --> 00:34:07,559 There would have been diseases. 299 00:34:07,560 --> 00:34:12,519 It would be a good time to wonder if your lords and your pyramids were doing the right job, 300 00:34:12,520 --> 00:34:16,840 or if it was time to abandon them to find new ones. And indeed that seems to have happened. 301 00:34:20,600 --> 00:34:24,199 This was the obsession that ruled the valley. 302 00:34:24,200 --> 00:34:28,599 When the pyramids failed to protect against catastrophe, it was as if 303 00:34:28,600 --> 00:34:34,120 they were cursed, so they had to be purged by fire and abandoned. 304 00:34:37,720 --> 00:34:40,920 And new ones built to replace them. 305 00:34:43,280 --> 00:34:48,680 It suggests this is why the valley is littered with the ruins of so many abandoned pyramids. 306 00:35:07,720 --> 00:35:14,160 But when it comes to the last pyramid city built in the valley, to Tucume, things are different. 307 00:35:15,680 --> 00:35:20,560 There's no evidence here it was struck by an overwhelming climate catastrophe. 308 00:35:28,640 --> 00:35:32,239 Something else must have happened to cause the people of Tucume 309 00:35:32,240 --> 00:35:38,880 to set fire to their pyramids and for their civilisation to disappear forever. 310 00:35:52,920 --> 00:35:56,439 A dramatic new discovery has recently revealed what may have 311 00:35:56,440 --> 00:35:59,199 happened at Tucume in its final days. 312 00:35:59,200 --> 00:36:06,639 It has allowed archaeologists to recreate the likely course of events that brought about the end 313 00:36:06,640 --> 00:36:12,280 of this great pyramid city and the entire civilisation of the Lambayeque Valley. 314 00:36:15,520 --> 00:36:19,879 It all began when archaeologists first noticed the remains 315 00:36:19,880 --> 00:36:23,600 of a two-laned walled walkway that once led into the city. 316 00:36:26,880 --> 00:36:30,880 The walkway took a series of right-angled turns on its way into Tucume. 317 00:36:32,640 --> 00:36:38,280 Something about it was designed to take visitors past this one spot in the city. 318 00:36:40,600 --> 00:36:46,240 This small unassuming building turned out to be a temple. 319 00:36:54,120 --> 00:36:57,240 This was the ritual heart of Tucume. 320 00:37:00,520 --> 00:37:07,800 At times of crisis, this was where the people came to make offerings to appease the angry gods. 321 00:37:13,640 --> 00:37:18,200 A series of ritual offerings has been found at the temple dig site. 322 00:37:25,320 --> 00:37:31,240 The stone at the centre of the temple represented the mountain and its powerful gods. 323 00:37:38,000 --> 00:37:43,799 In a world without science, this ritual was how the people of Tucume believed 324 00:37:43,800 --> 00:37:46,560 they could control the world. 325 00:37:49,000 --> 00:37:51,799 But in the final days of this civilisation 326 00:37:51,800 --> 00:37:57,560 the temple became the scene for a much darker series of offerings. 327 00:38:16,480 --> 00:38:18,279 In the summer of 2005, 328 00:38:18,280 --> 00:38:25,040 scientists were called in to investigate human bones found outside the temple. 329 00:38:29,440 --> 00:38:36,480 This discovery revealed the sinister turn this civilisation took in its last days. 330 00:38:41,240 --> 00:38:45,959 One specific indicator with this particular skeleton that suggests 331 00:38:45,960 --> 00:38:50,039 that something is not right with this individual is the fact that the body, 332 00:38:50,040 --> 00:38:53,399 the thorax and the upper arms are in a normal position, 333 00:38:53,400 --> 00:38:56,159 but the head is twisted and out of place. 334 00:38:56,160 --> 00:38:58,881 And what we're going to do now is we're going to lift the head up... 335 00:39:11,280 --> 00:39:17,800 The head and the top two neck vertebrae have been severed from the rest of the spinal column. 336 00:39:26,840 --> 00:39:28,599 So what we have here... 337 00:39:28,600 --> 00:39:32,559 is the first cervical vertebrae and this is where the head sits right onto this vertebrae. 338 00:39:32,560 --> 00:39:35,319 And then this vertebrae sits right onto this one. 339 00:39:35,320 --> 00:39:38,199 These are the two that were found still attached to the head, 340 00:39:38,200 --> 00:39:41,919 separated from the rest of the neck and the spinal column. 341 00:39:41,920 --> 00:39:49,759 And when we turn them up like this, what we can notice on the base are very, very clear signs of 342 00:39:49,760 --> 00:39:55,480 cut marks going across this inferior articular facet of this vertebrae. 343 00:39:57,040 --> 00:39:58,999 But when you see cuts 344 00:39:59,000 --> 00:40:00,919 reaching very far back - you can see 345 00:40:00,920 --> 00:40:05,719 this is the space where your spinal column goes - they were cutting all the way through the spinal column, 346 00:40:05,720 --> 00:40:09,839 and in fact they're even cutting into here in the back of the vertebrae. 347 00:40:09,840 --> 00:40:11,960 So they're going all the way through. 348 00:40:13,520 --> 00:40:17,520 This is clear evidence that this head was decapitated. 349 00:40:28,240 --> 00:40:33,399 It was now clear this individual had not died a natural death. 350 00:40:33,400 --> 00:40:35,840 This was ancient homicide. 351 00:40:40,080 --> 00:40:44,999 Altogether 119 bodies were found outside the temple, 352 00:40:45,000 --> 00:40:47,399 including women and children, 353 00:40:47,400 --> 00:40:51,120 most of them decapitated. 354 00:40:53,000 --> 00:40:57,799 All the evidence indicated this was human sacrifice. 355 00:40:57,800 --> 00:41:04,720 It makes Tucume one of the biggest sites of human sacrifice ever found in the ancient Andes. 356 00:41:07,960 --> 00:41:12,119 It seems that human sacrifice is always reserved for a time of greatest need, 357 00:41:12,120 --> 00:41:15,399 when something is going wrong in the world which can't be explained. 358 00:41:15,400 --> 00:41:19,120 And the only way to deal with these problems is to try and appease the gods. 359 00:41:25,520 --> 00:41:28,679 The bodies had been buried in five layers. 360 00:41:28,680 --> 00:41:32,639 Most were in the top, the most recent layer, 361 00:41:32,640 --> 00:41:36,320 dated to the final years and days of Tucume. 362 00:41:40,040 --> 00:41:43,479 The increase in number of human sacrifices in front of the temple 363 00:41:43,480 --> 00:41:48,159 seems to suggest that there must have been something going on that required more sacrifices, 364 00:41:48,160 --> 00:41:49,079 more offerings. 365 00:41:49,080 --> 00:41:54,080 They needed to communicate with the gods in a way in which just a single offering was not enough. 366 00:41:55,680 --> 00:42:02,239 It seems something so terrible had happened towards the end of Tucume that the only way to deal with it 367 00:42:02,240 --> 00:42:05,480 was to offer the gods what was most precious. 368 00:42:07,080 --> 00:42:11,680 The blood of men, women and children as young as five. 369 00:42:16,400 --> 00:42:21,520 It looked like the number of sacrifices had increased towards the end of Tucume. 370 00:42:26,080 --> 00:42:32,560 Archaeologists believe the increase in human sacrifice and the end of the city were connected. 371 00:42:36,640 --> 00:42:42,959 And with this new discovery, archaeologists now believe it's possible to tell the likely story 372 00:42:42,960 --> 00:42:48,800 of the final days of Tucume and how and why this pyramid civilisation vanished. 373 00:42:55,040 --> 00:43:01,039 They believe it all began in 1532, the year the Spanish conquistadores 374 00:43:01,040 --> 00:43:05,240 arrived in Peru, far to the north of the Lambayeque Valley. 375 00:43:11,960 --> 00:43:17,799 These alien men stalking the land, riding strange four-legged beasts, 376 00:43:17,800 --> 00:43:22,120 seemed like the ancestral gods returned to walk the Earth. 377 00:43:24,200 --> 00:43:27,719 So when the news of the Spanish invasion eventually reached 378 00:43:27,720 --> 00:43:33,239 the Lambayeque Valley, it would have created shock and incomprehension. 379 00:43:33,240 --> 00:43:38,519 The conquistadores themselves did not come here and destroy Tucume, 380 00:43:38,520 --> 00:43:42,760 but just the stories of their presence in Peru brought fear. 381 00:43:44,080 --> 00:43:47,359 TRANSLATION: Although they did not directly come to Tucume, 382 00:43:47,360 --> 00:43:49,199 the Spanish were greatly feared 383 00:43:49,200 --> 00:43:52,959 by the people as it was known that they were in the region. 384 00:43:52,960 --> 00:43:58,360 They came with different kinds of animals, like horses, that were not known in the continent. 385 00:44:01,680 --> 00:44:08,079 From artefacts found at the site, it's clear that by the time the Spanish arrived in South America, 386 00:44:08,080 --> 00:44:12,440 the Lambayeque Valley had fallen under the control of the Incas. 387 00:44:13,960 --> 00:44:18,119 The Incas and the Lambayeque shared a belief that the Spanish, 388 00:44:18,120 --> 00:44:21,960 these violent invaders, were a sign of the anger of the gods. 389 00:44:25,160 --> 00:44:29,440 So now the gods must be appeased. 390 00:44:33,800 --> 00:44:41,159 But within a year of the Spanish arrival, truly terrifying news would arrive at Tucume. 391 00:44:41,160 --> 00:44:47,160 The invading Spanish had captured and killed the Inca god-king far away in the highlands. 392 00:44:50,800 --> 00:44:55,040 This news would have set off a riptide of fear at Tucume. 393 00:45:05,120 --> 00:45:12,239 So now the people of the valley had to start offering the gods something more precious - 394 00:45:12,240 --> 00:45:13,280 human beings. 395 00:45:24,200 --> 00:45:26,079 Once the victims had been chosen, 396 00:45:26,080 --> 00:45:29,239 we know in detail from the archaeological evidence and 397 00:45:29,240 --> 00:45:33,959 from the later Spanish chroniclers how the sacrifices would have been 398 00:45:33,960 --> 00:45:38,400 performed outside the temple during the last days of Tucume. 399 00:45:40,680 --> 00:45:45,840 The high priest talked to the sacred stone, to the god of the mountain. 400 00:45:47,640 --> 00:45:50,599 Another priest to the god of thunder. 401 00:45:50,600 --> 00:45:53,720 Another to the god of lightning. 402 00:46:02,320 --> 00:46:06,800 For the sacrifice to work, it had to follow a strict ritual. 403 00:46:12,840 --> 00:46:18,000 The elite Lambayeque lords and the Inca governor gathered around the temple. 404 00:46:40,720 --> 00:46:45,040 The high priest blew coloured powders over the stone. 405 00:46:47,440 --> 00:46:50,640 This is exactly what archaeologists found there. 406 00:47:02,880 --> 00:47:10,320 By putting on a mask, the high priest would have shown he had assumed the role of a god. 407 00:47:12,160 --> 00:47:15,040 The killing was soon to begin. 408 00:47:24,120 --> 00:47:28,679 The 119 skeletons themselves give us a detailed description 409 00:47:28,680 --> 00:47:34,160 of what it would have been like to be ritually executed outside the temple. 410 00:47:39,600 --> 00:47:43,359 When you think of the violent way in which these individuals were killed, 411 00:47:43,360 --> 00:47:47,239 it'd be natural to assume or to guess that they must have struggled or resisted. 412 00:47:47,240 --> 00:47:50,680 However, when I look at the skeleton, I really don't find evidence of struggle. 413 00:47:53,080 --> 00:47:55,679 First of all, there's no signs of peri-mortem trauma 414 00:47:55,680 --> 00:47:58,759 that would indicate in any way that they had been, for example, 415 00:47:58,760 --> 00:48:01,599 subdued by being hit or beaten. 416 00:48:01,600 --> 00:48:07,479 Secondly, the cut marks across the throat and neck region are smooth single slices and there doesn't seem 417 00:48:07,480 --> 00:48:13,399 to be any evidence of chatter marks, where the knife would skip along and bounce along the bone as though 418 00:48:13,400 --> 00:48:18,279 an individual were struggling and the bone was missing its mark. And finally, 419 00:48:18,280 --> 00:48:23,959 the arms were often gently placed by their sides or crossing the bodies, not tightly fixed together. 420 00:48:23,960 --> 00:48:26,600 Nor was there any evidence of any ropes or ligatures. 421 00:48:28,680 --> 00:48:34,600 There was no need to tie these victims up, as they'd been drugged with a seed called amala. 422 00:48:38,160 --> 00:48:41,239 These amala seeds were found outside the temple. 423 00:48:41,240 --> 00:48:47,439 They contain a drug that paralyses the body but leaves the victim conscious, 424 00:48:47,440 --> 00:48:50,960 able to understand everything that's happening to them. 425 00:48:58,000 --> 00:49:03,919 TRANSLATION: We can therefore come to a simple conclusion, and this is the current hypothesis, 426 00:49:03,920 --> 00:49:09,199 that the people who were taken to be sacrificed in front of the temple 427 00:49:09,200 --> 00:49:12,479 didn't put up any resistance to their death 428 00:49:12,480 --> 00:49:15,600 because they had previously consumed a large quantity of amala. 429 00:49:19,880 --> 00:49:23,320 It must have been a terrible fate. 430 00:49:24,800 --> 00:49:29,880 To be aware of impending death but powerless to resist. 431 00:49:40,880 --> 00:49:45,280 Now the sacrifice victim would have been brought to the temple. 432 00:49:46,800 --> 00:49:49,879 He would already have been given the drug amala, 433 00:49:49,880 --> 00:49:53,479 so every muscle in his body was paralysed. 434 00:49:53,480 --> 00:49:56,359 He could neither struggle nor run, 435 00:49:56,360 --> 00:50:00,000 yet he remained aware of what was about to happen to him. 436 00:50:22,400 --> 00:50:28,319 Exactly what happened next is revealed by the skeletons themselves. 437 00:50:28,320 --> 00:50:30,759 Of the 119 individuals that we recovered. 438 00:50:30,760 --> 00:50:37,559 From this small area, almost 90% of them show cut marks in the area of the throat and neck region. 439 00:50:37,560 --> 00:50:43,520 These patterns are very consistent across the group, suggesting that it was almost a systematic execution. 440 00:50:51,720 --> 00:50:55,520 In each skeleton, the same pattern had been repeated. 441 00:51:01,480 --> 00:51:07,520 And from the cut marks, scientists can piece together exactly how these people were sacrificed... 442 00:51:09,160 --> 00:51:11,160 blow by blow. 443 00:51:12,160 --> 00:51:17,759 Based on the patterns of the cut marks, their location as well as the angle at which the bone is being 444 00:51:17,760 --> 00:51:24,319 struck by the knife, this suggests that most likely the individual was cut in an upward motion. 445 00:51:24,320 --> 00:51:27,559 Now, based on the location of the cuts across the front of the throat, 446 00:51:27,560 --> 00:51:31,119 there would be a great deal of blood generated from these initial cuts. 447 00:51:31,120 --> 00:51:33,959 So it's not likely that the sacrificer would be in front, 448 00:51:33,960 --> 00:51:36,599 because they would probably be covered with blood. 449 00:51:36,600 --> 00:51:39,439 Looking at the cut marks, it suggests more likely that the 450 00:51:39,440 --> 00:51:45,799 sacrificer was behind the victim and that they were cutting most likely from left to right across the body. 451 00:51:45,800 --> 00:51:49,039 The angle of the cut mark upwards suggests that the victim was most 452 00:51:49,040 --> 00:51:53,199 likely in a prone position, face down and the sacrificer would have been behind them, 453 00:51:53,200 --> 00:51:57,040 perhaps holding their head, making the cut mark across the front of the body. 454 00:52:00,960 --> 00:52:06,960 But even after the throat had been cut and the head hacked off, the ritual was not over. 455 00:52:13,280 --> 00:52:16,359 Looking at the skeletons, I began noticing right away that 456 00:52:16,360 --> 00:52:19,239 there's very distinctive patterning in the cut marks. 457 00:52:19,240 --> 00:52:22,039 For example, across the left clavicle, this bone here 458 00:52:22,040 --> 00:52:27,359 has seven distinctive cut marks going along the front of it. 459 00:52:27,360 --> 00:52:31,839 Another bone is the manubrium here, right in the centre of the chest. 460 00:52:31,840 --> 00:52:33,800 And we can see... 461 00:52:33,840 --> 00:52:35,879 that a fragment of it, the left side, 462 00:52:35,880 --> 00:52:39,519 has been completely sliced off. 463 00:52:39,520 --> 00:52:45,079 And finally, there's some fractures that appear to have occurred around the time of death. 464 00:52:45,080 --> 00:52:50,279 And here we have the first rib, and this rib has been fractured. 465 00:52:50,280 --> 00:52:55,920 These cut marks are consistent with sawing up and down, trying to open the chest cavity. 466 00:53:01,720 --> 00:53:05,679 The final moment of the human sacrifice ritual outside the temple 467 00:53:05,680 --> 00:53:09,639 saw the victim's heart being ripped out. 468 00:53:09,640 --> 00:53:14,440 So over and over again, this is what was happening 469 00:53:14,480 --> 00:53:19,640 outside the temple in the final days of this great civilisation. 470 00:53:24,400 --> 00:53:29,119 The priest approached the drugged victim with a ritual copper knife. 471 00:53:29,120 --> 00:53:31,200 One has been found at Tucume. 472 00:53:35,240 --> 00:53:38,440 This was the weapon of sacrifice. 473 00:53:45,200 --> 00:53:49,760 The most important thing in this ceremony was blood. 474 00:53:53,800 --> 00:53:57,719 We know from later chroniclers that the gods who controlled the 475 00:53:57,720 --> 00:54:02,760 world were seen as living beings and that human blood would nourish them. 476 00:54:44,680 --> 00:54:47,600 Finally, the victim's heart was hacked out. 477 00:54:56,800 --> 00:54:57,960 CRIES OUT 478 00:55:00,280 --> 00:55:04,720 But the sacrifice didn't stop the Spanish advance. 479 00:55:14,880 --> 00:55:19,399 It must have seemed as though the gods needed ever more blood. 480 00:55:19,400 --> 00:55:23,880 As the fear grew, the violence spiralled out of control. 481 00:55:25,600 --> 00:55:31,479 Tucume's leading archaeologist believes that in the last few days of the city's existence, 482 00:55:31,480 --> 00:55:35,760 the sacrifices must have been repeated day after day. 483 00:55:40,280 --> 00:55:43,559 TRANSLATION: And the only way that this chaos could be controlled 484 00:55:43,560 --> 00:55:47,399 was to offer an increasing number of human sacrifices. 485 00:55:47,400 --> 00:55:53,519 Probably in a very few days dozens of sacrifices were carried out simultaneously 486 00:55:53,520 --> 00:55:57,360 so that this state of crisis could in some way be controlled. 487 00:56:08,680 --> 00:56:15,319 Before the end of the Lambayeque civilisation, the bodies piled up outside the temple. 488 00:56:15,320 --> 00:56:20,359 But the mass of human sacrifices had failed to stop the Spanish. 489 00:56:20,360 --> 00:56:24,079 It must have seemed that once again the pyramids and the lords 490 00:56:24,080 --> 00:56:29,080 had failed to protect the people or bring the world back under control. 491 00:56:33,800 --> 00:56:37,479 The pyramids had lost their supernatural powers. 492 00:56:37,480 --> 00:56:39,119 They were tainted. 493 00:56:39,120 --> 00:56:43,399 And so the logic of the valley, the same logic that lay behind 494 00:56:43,400 --> 00:56:47,520 the building of the pyramids, dictated what happened next. 495 00:56:49,520 --> 00:56:53,840 The people who'd built the pyramids began to purge them. 496 00:56:56,040 --> 00:57:00,800 Just before the end of the civilisation, the burning must have begun. 497 00:57:03,920 --> 00:57:07,240 They carefully set fire to the palaces on top of the pyramids. 498 00:57:11,160 --> 00:57:14,480 The temple was deliberately set alight. 499 00:57:16,960 --> 00:57:21,240 The cursed city had to be purified by flames. 500 00:57:32,120 --> 00:57:35,479 After Tucume's abandoned, that's it for pyramids. 501 00:57:35,480 --> 00:57:37,359 No more. 502 00:57:37,360 --> 00:57:42,479 The end of this pyramid-building tradition that you could trace back for maybe 3,000 years - 503 00:57:42,480 --> 00:57:45,400 it's over. That's it. 504 00:57:53,640 --> 00:57:57,479 TRANSLATION: After the city of Tucume was burnt, 505 00:57:57,480 --> 00:57:59,879 the city was completely abandoned. 506 00:57:59,880 --> 00:58:05,159 It's a mystery really as to where the people went after this event. 507 00:58:05,160 --> 00:58:10,559 The Lambayeque fled the city, hoping to start again, 508 00:58:10,560 --> 00:58:13,839 to build a new city of pyramids. 509 00:58:13,840 --> 00:58:17,400 But the Spanish ruled Peru now. 510 00:58:17,440 --> 00:58:21,239 There'd be no more pyramids, no more lords. 511 00:58:21,240 --> 00:58:26,160 The Lambayeque civilisation melted away into the valley. 512 00:58:42,680 --> 00:58:45,719 Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd. 513 00:58:45,720 --> 00:58:48,760 E-mail subtitling@bbc. Co. uk51332

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