All language subtitles for The Peace Particle 2025

You know,

in physics, we believe

that everything around us

can be made comprehensive.

It's a job that can
easily set you apart

from other people.

There is no restriction on thought.

I think I have a quite pictorial view

of physics.

For me,
particles are colorful.

For me, an electron is red.

I don't know why.

Don't ask me why.

An electron is red.

A photon, of course,
is yellow

because of light.

A proton is brown.

My perception of reality,

So I eat my spaghetti

you know, I go deep inside.

So I eat my spaghetti

and I think of the quarks

that are inside the spaghetti.

It's true.

You will say I'm crazy.

I am a physicist,
but I love music

and I've been studying music.

Music and physics are part

of the same thing.

Human curiosity, human creativity,

the wish of exploring

or understanding
how things work

at the most
fundamental level.

And what really
touches me in science,

like in music,

is this complexity built
upon simplicity.

In music,
you have very complex

and rich symphonies.

Think about Beethoven, Mahler.

But actually they are built

upon the combination
of seven notes.

And likewise,

nature is beautiful
and extremely complex,

but actually
the most fundamental level

is made of
just three particles.

I always wanted to understand

what are we made out of.

I need to know
how are things connected.

How does one depend
on the other?

It is the most powerful,

most complex machine

ever built by mankind.

To try to understand

why we can exist at all.

When I was young,

I wanted to understand

the logic of nature.

The fundamental laws
which allow us to exist.

We need these laws
for our existence.

The trouble is that these laws

can be used for peace
and for war.

Now I am become death.

Dr. Oppenheimer,
you and many like you

who brought the bomb into being

still seem to suffer,
may I say,

from a bad conscience
about it.

Is that true, sir?

I do think it has left a mark
on many of those

who are responsibly engaged.

This is not the natural business
of a scientist.

After the first few minutes
of elation,

I realized what had
happened to the world.

The big thing, I felt,

was to eliminate this.

We have to explain
to the governments

that what we want to do is

never to be associated

with the use
of these laws for war.

Today CERN is
a truly global laboratory

with a community of
more than 17,000 people

across more than 110 nationalities.

An incredible melting pot

of languages,
cultures, traditions.

But in a world where conflicts

between countries,

religions and cultures

sadly persist,

this is a truly precious gift,

which cannot be taken
for granted.

We now have autocrats

ruling the largest nations

on earth in ways

we thought belonged to history.

Russia launched a
full-scale invasion

of Ukraine by land, air and sea.

CERN has announced

that it will end cooperation

with up to 500 scientists

from Russian institutions.

The last world war
had been so terrible.

I thought
it would be unimaginable

that a new war would start again.

Humanity should
have learned a lesson.

Here at CERN,
several thousand scientists

coming from different social,

political systems,

having different religions,

having completely different mentalities,

work together
very peacefully and,

I might say so,
also very successfully.

How many years ago was it

that you stepped down
as Director General?

It's a long time ago, 1990.

And you're still coming in?

When I became 100 years old,

some people asked me,

"what do you do to become so old?"

I said: "two things."

"Always stay active
and always be curious."

The CERN Council decided
that we have to stop

almost all collaborations
with Russia now.

It's a pity.

I think it was more
or less the first time

that in the 70 years of CERN

that politics determined
essentially a council decision.

So this week
there was Council Week at CERN.

So it means the representative
of our member states

got together
for decisions and discussions.

The contracts with Belarus
and with Russia

already have been suspended.

However, there is still
this laboratory in Russia,

which is a bit similar
to what we have at CERN.

And the collaboration with them
dates back to 1967.

So it's a really
long-standing partner.

Here at CERN we have
Israelis working together

with Palestinians,
Indians with Pakistanis.

So science and fundamental science
gives you a kind of basis

where people independent
of their religion,

independent of
their political system

where they grew up in,
can collaborate

and can communicate.

And I think that's something
important to keep.

That was what CERN is for.

Science for peace.

I remember when
I first came to CERN,

I was here visiting because I was thinking

about moving here and I wasn't sure.

One of my mentors
at the university

arranged to see the Atlas detector and it was

the best thing anyone
ever did for me

because when you see it,

it was like, it was love.

You know,
it's just this beautiful detector

with the precision of it,
the size of it,

the amount of
human effort and passion

that went into building
every single little part.

I just wanted
to be a part of that.

I got to build this,
help build this.

There are thousands of people

involved in this construction.

And I really got to help
with those teams

putting it all together.

There was a common goal
that we all had,

so it gave a special spirit
to the whole thing.

There was this chance
to unlock something

very deep about nature itself.

2008,
it was really the first time

we switched on our camera atlas

and took the first data.

But the room was
crowded at that time,

so everybody who contributed
was in that room.

The preparation of this
experiment took decades.

We now believe that all the matter

that we now see in
the universe was made

during the first fractio
nof a fraction

of a fraction of a second

of the age of the universe.

In fact, it's something like 10

to the minus 35 seconds.

That means a one
with 34 zeros before it.

An extremely small time.

There's a zero particle
and all the other

elementary particles
have masses.

They weigh something.

Why is that?

We believe that comes
about from a particle

called the Higgs boson.

Peter Higgs
proposed the existence

of the Higgs boson in 1964.

I would compare it to a Roman arch.

So you've got this
beautiful semicircular arch,

and at the top
there is a capstone.

And if that capstone
were not there,

the arch would collapse.

With my colleagues,

we basically
sat down and said:

"OK, we don't know

what the mass of the
Higgs boson might be,

but for different masses,

we could figure out the way

in which it would show up
in an experiment.

Some experiments of that type

were being done at CERN.

But we really thought it was going

to be heavier and
could only be found

at a higher energy accelerator.

The protons are in the machine.

We're ready at this end.

We're now in the countdown.

Change orbit.

Next pass.

See, what happens in
the sort of experiments

that are done here are

actually sort of underground.

In some sense,
what's being done down

there is a sort of recreation

of the first seconds of the Big Bang.

You are about
100 metres underground

at the absolute best
experiment on Earth.

The LHC pipe runs through the centre,

and protons come
in from either direction.

If we're lucky and
if they hit really

like a big, strong head-on collision,

we can create all sorts of cool stuff,

potentially something
we have never seen before.

It's very nice here
in the control room

because you can see in real time

all these collisions and particles,

the shower coming out of it,

and sometimes, yeah,

it's really overwhelming.

Actually,
it's also bothering me

thinking about all the things

that they will
discover in the future

and that maybe I will never know.

Everybody's trying to
write history, in a way.

That's our ambition.

You know,
the man of the caverns

was writing pictures
of cows on the walls, right?

So that 3,000 years later,

you walk in there,
you say, my God,

look at that,
there's a human being there.

We're not painting
ghosts on walls or caves.

We're trying to do much
more sophisticated things.

When it's all done and over,

what do you think

we 20th century civilisation
have left behind?

I mean,
my opinion is they will care.

They will respect us.

They will respect us
on the basis

of the understanding
we have.

When I arrived here at CERN,

you know, I was this student,

very much lacking in confidence,

looking around at
what's happening here,

and I did not feel
that I fit in here.

I felt like an imposter.

It was like another planet,
first of all,

because there were
literally no Indians

here at CERN.

It was incredible.

I can tell you
that even the smell

of coffee was alien to me.

Coming from India,

a woman working in the laboratory,

you know, with Europeans
and with Americans

and all that, it was not easy.

The confidence is today,
the smiles are today,

but I have had endless,
sleepless nights,

years on end.

This human endeavour
is mind-boggling.

When you were
presented with the plans

for the LHC,
the engineering challenge

is absolutely enormous.

Well, I wasn't presented
with the plans,

I made the plans.

I came to CERN in 69.

Antiproton now.

What is it, 55 years now?

Probably.

55 of the 70.

But this is home now,

after all this time.

I took over the project in 93,

prepared it for approval,

took until the end of

1994 to get approved.

The project could provide answers

to the nature of the universe.

A machine called:
the Large Hadron Collider

will aim to recreate the conditions

at the time of the Big Bang.

The tunnel was there already,

we took it over
from a previous machine.

There is a pit where the big magnets

can be lowered into the tunnel

onto a transport vehicle,

and then that gives us

access to the LHC ring.

This is really the
biggest and most complex

scientific project ever undertaken.

The whole 27km circumference

is aligned to better
than a tenth of a millimetre.

Very, very,
very tiny movements

will affect our data.

The moon, for example,

also affects the LHC.

It's the kind of breathing
that goes on,

like the tides, you know.

And we need to track everything.

Think of gravity,
that every time there is

a movement of a piece of matter

around the Earth,

that actually translates into a very,

very, very tiny movement,

which can be reflected

in the measurements at the scale

at which
we do the measurements.

We are looking for a particle

that has a lifetime of 10

to the minus 22 seconds.

And within that,
if there is a movement,

you're lost.

So the idea behind the collision is

you're just getting
a huge amount of energy

into a single spot,
and then you can produce

something very massive.

And so by studying these collisions,

we understand
this very microscopic world,

and then that helps us understand

how we evolve
from a microscopic world

to the macroscopic,
to galaxies,

super-clusters of galaxies.

It's all intertwined.

We can't understand that

without understanding this.

Hello.

Welcome.

It's nice
to welcome you here

in my home.

Please come in.

Thank you so much.

Do you still play the piano?

Yes, a little bit, yes, a little bit.

I like music
besides physics very much.

I am a very old man now.

I have the advantage
that I've seen now

practically 100 years
of European history.

During the last war,
I was a soldier.

I was fighting against
Russia and the British.

In fact, I was, by chance,

also in Dresden when it was bombed.

So I've seen it.

Fortunately, I survived.

So I know what real war means,

where 10,000 people
were killed in one night.

All that, of course,
is nightmare.

When the war was ended,
I was taken

prisoner by the British troops
near Hamburg.

At that time, imagine
there was practically no radio.

There were just
a few local newspapers.

There was no television,
nothing.

So I learned about
the bombs rather late,

more or less by chance.

It is an atomic bomb.

It is a harnessing of the basic power

of the universe.

I knew many of
the people who were

involved in the development
of these bombs.

In Germany, it was Heisenberg.

And it was never quite clear

whether the nuclear
chain reaction would work.

I knew Heisenberg quite well.

He was surprised
that the bomb had worked

because he had calculated
the detailed cross-section

and he had made a mistake.

It was very incredible
because Heisenberg said:

"Look, it can't have worked."

And they told him,
yes, but it worked.

So he sat down and found out,

yes, he had made a mistake.

A short time ago,
an American airplane dropped

one bomb on Hiroshima.

And destroyed its
usefulness to the enemy.

That bomb has more power

than 20,000 tons of TNT.

The force from which the sun draws its

power has been loosed against those

who brought war to the Far East.

We have spent more than $2 billion

on the greatest scientific gamble
in history.

And we have won.

What has been done is
the greatest achievement

of organized science in history.

I think when you play a meaningful part

in bringing about the death
of over 100,000 people

and the injury of a comparable number,

you naturally don't think
of that with ease.

We had known the sin of pride.

We had turned to affect,

in what proved to be a major way,

the course of man's history.

The European Council for Nuclear Physics

has established the seat

of the future International Atomic Research Center.

The delegates have
made their choice on Geneva,

to the great satisfaction
of the President.

It is an idea which is,

to some extent, unimaginable today.

Shortly after the Second World War,

a handful of visionary scientists

and a handful of visionary diplomats

getting together from all the continents

and saying, OK, we have to do something

to get Europe out of the ruins.

It took only a few years to create

CERN.

This is amazing.

I cannot imagine something like this today.

The Council of CERN is made up

of delegates
from the 13 member states.

The purpose of
the European Organization

for Nuclear Research
is to further collaboration

in scientific research
of a purely fundamental nature.

Looking at these people together,

Oppenheimer, Heisenberg,

who worked beforehand

on different sides within the war,

but they ignored the political difference

and they were just
concentrating on science.

An atomic war
would end this civilization

and would end any science
and so on.

Mankind has to learn
to control itself

because it now
has within its power

to destroy itself very cheaply.

We brought the people together.

We wrote a convention

which clearly states
peaceful Napplication only.

The organization
should provide for collaboration

among European states in nuclear research

of a pure scientific
and fundamental character.

When we work, we don't think

of making military applications.

The responsibility of the scientists is

that the new technologies
are used in the proper way.

Every technology can be used

for the good of humanity
or against humanity.

Every typewriter can be used for war,

can be used for peaceful poetry.

I grew up in an industrial part

of the United States
in western Pennsylvania

where everybody's grandfather
and father worked in the steel mills.

And they told us when we were kids

that if we didn't study hard,
we'd end up

in the factory like they were.

And I totally failed,
you can see.

We have Metallica,

Muse, Roger Waters,

Jack White, Pixies.

The bar is pretty high.

It's not just for any rock stars.

There'll be more, I hope.

The science fiction question is do we have

enough antimatter to be dangerous

or to power a starship?

And the answer is even though this is

the best and only machine to create

this anti-hydrogen atom,
we kind of suck.

It's never going
to be a danger to anybody.

It would take longer than

the age of
the universe to accumulate

just one gram of anti-matter.

But that one gram
of anti-matter

could put a space shuttle
into orbit.

That's a cataclysmic amount
of anti-matter

to lose all at once.

I wouldn't want
to be anywhere near that,

let's put it that way.

In the early 90s,

I found an
extremely exciting atmosphere.

Those were the years

we were developing
the Large Hadron Collider.

ATLAS is the
biggest experiment ever built

in particle physics.

We are all pushed by the same spirit,

and by the same awareness

of being very close
to discover something big.

In addition to
the fundamental science,

which might have interesting applications,

there are the technologies which we develop

in order to make the research possible.

And the World Wide Web

is one example of that.

This is a technology
which was developed in

order for scientists to be able to collaborate

around the world, and of course it's completely

revolutionized the way that humans interact.

So what's the Web?

It used to be difficult to explain

what the Web would be like.

Now it's difficult to explain

why it was difficult.

But back in the 1980s, at CERN,

it was an exciting place to be.

Lots and lots of information systems

on different computers,

on different networks,

all incompatible.

So the idea was
that one should be able

to communicate
by sharing information.

How many of you have actually

never experienced
the World Wide Web?

I see one hand.

Two, three, four, five, six, seven.

No, come on.

What was it that made
the Web click

as the universal hypertext
on a computer network?

It is the URL.

And that is Tim's fundamental contribution.

We sat under the big tree

in the CERN cafeteria
one evening with a beer.

And then I said,

we need a catchy title for it.

And suddenly Tim said,

what about World Wide Web?

I said, yeah, that's great.

It's a bit long.

I like its name,
the World Wide Web,

which was unpronounceable
to French people.

That's why most French people

didn't like that sound.

I don't think we've even seen

the tip of the iceberg.

I think the potential

of what the Internet

is going to do to society,

both good and bad,

is unimaginable.

I think we're actually on the cusp

of something exhilarating
and terrifying.

It's just a tool, though,
isn't it?

No, it's not.

No.

No, it's an alien life form.

What do you think?

I mean, when you think
then about it,

it's their life on Mars.

Yes, it's just landed here.

You never spend your nights
with me.

You don't go out
with other girls either.

Only love your collider.

Tim Berners-Lee and
our group of friends

were part of a theatre group.

We used web pages for the clubs

and for work.

And I did think

it was a brilliant thing.

When this Cernet picture
got published,

it ended up being
the first picture of a band,

of an artist,
of something social

on the web,
which was not mere physics.

I think that CERN
realised fairly early on

that the World Wide Web
was not something

that it could manage.

The most ambitious attempt

ever to recreate conditions

at the beginning of
the Universe is launched

this morning in Switzerland.

Catastrophic,
claims Professor Otto Roessler,

who went to court
to stop the experiment,

warning the Earth
could be eaten inside out.

How many months or years
it takes

to eat the whole Earth

cannot be predicted
at the moment.

This might be my last broadcast,

because tomorrow
may be the end of the Earth.

You get these things moving around

at the speed of light,
then bam!

That story was very beneficial
for us

because it attracted

a lot of interest and attention

by the public, the media,

which was not there before.

Normally we would not publish

a switch on day.

We never did that before.

We were forced into it,
effectively.

So we had to pick a day

and then go flat out
to make it.

We're actually inside
the control room

for what is genuinely
the biggest experiment

ever undertaken by mankind.

Nobody was more surprised
than me

when I came in at six o'clock
in the morning

and saw these huge satellite dishes

and big lorries full
of mobile studios

and God knows what there.

They were under enormous pressure.

We would normally not accept that.

Don't forget that it made Google.

The Google logo was
the LHC that day.

I didn't really know

how much of an inspired I was.

I was doing a running commentary

of what we were doing
from step to step.

Let's get started everybody.

Now comes the day of reckoning.

Little did I know that my wife

was watching it at home.

Numerable things
that could go wrong.

This has never been done before.

I did not sleep that night before

because I kept thinking

I had this list in my brain.

Did we check that?

Did we check this?

What about the voltage?

Everything that
could have gone wrong.

I was sure it was going

to go wrong.

Everybody is staring

at a series of screens

above us and the tension

you could cut
with a laser beam.

OK.

The next cycle
we will inject a beam

into the LHC.

Now we go
into new territory.

OK.

Let's go.

5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.

Nothing.

Wow.

That's why
I was waking up constantly.

Did we set that right?

Oh my gosh.

Physics has that kind

of garage feel to it.

It's not production.

It involves a lot of tweaks.

It involves a lot of hacking.

I mean we're hackers in the end.

We fix things.

They don't work.

We tweak them.

We don't work.

They tweak them.

Fundamental research

is a lot of getting it wrong

until you get it right.

But fortunately
we got it right

on the first try.

It never happens.

That was a day, really,
you know,

a big emotion
when you see the thing

on which we have been working for years together

with thousands of colleagues from all over the world

become real.

And I said, wow, here we are.

We managed.

We did it.

It may have looked easy to you,

but I can assure you
it was only made

to look easy
because of the quality

of the equipment,

the quality of the software

and above all the quality
of the people

who have built this machine

and will operate it
in the future.

I got a call.

So I was staying over
at the control room

and all the screens were red.

Red is a bad color.

What we thought it was at the time

was that they had lost the helium

and that it would take us

two months to recover.

I mean at that point

we were just like dazed
from data and ah,

we've got to lose two more months

because of the helium.

I think it only settled later

that we were talking about a year.

It took a long time

to recover emotionally
from it.

It took about 50 magnets
in one sector

that we had to replace.

Fortunately we had all the spares.

It was just picking ourselves up,

rolling up our sleeves
yet again

and getting on with the job.

Clearly I was frustrated,

but that was 24 years

after first thinking
about the physics

that you could do with the LHC.

So if it was going

to take another year or two,

that's okay.

So I am a Palestinian from Hebron,

West Bank.

Part of this job is international.

We work for physics

and we have

to collaborate with all people,

regardless of their background.

I don't care what you believe.

Our goal is to understand

the building blocks of matter,

the fundamental interactions
in nature.

I am a Muslim and I believe

in the God Almighty and I believe

there is a beginning
of the universe.

And my goal is not to contradict the God,

but to discover the laws of God,

the laws that govern nature.

So my belief,
my physics works are side by side,

there is no contradiction.

Is my belief consistent
with my research?

Up to now, yes,
there is no contradiction.

There are so
many unanswered questions.

If we really do want
to understand why

the universe is the way it is,

we need to understand

what the pieces are that make it up

and how those pieces fit together.

The pieces that we know about,

is that all of them
or are there more pieces?

When they were building
a part of this,

they needed some really,

really high purity brass,

which was expensive

and difficult to get hold of.

But some of the Russian
colleagues realized that

they had loads of
World War II shell casings

made out of exactly
the right quality brass necessary.

And so over a million World War II

shell casings were collected,
melted down and turned

into our calorimeter right
in here.

CERN was one of the holes

in the Iron Curtain during the Cold War,

because all the people from the other side

of the Iron Curtain could come to CERN

and vice versa.

CERN is the only organization

which had in its foundation
the double role to promote science

and improve the relations between countries.

The moment is at hand.

President Reagan now
is at a lakeside mansion

about eight miles north of Geneva.

And it is there that the President
will meet this morning

with Mikhail Gorbachev
of the Soviet Union.

The first meeting between the leaders

of the two most powerful forces

in the history of civilization
in more than six years now.

When I was Director General of CERN,

I got a call from the head
of the American delegation

to prepare the discussion.

We said, look,

we need a place which
is respected by both sides,

where we can freely and
informally discuss the problems.

So I invited small groups
from both,

from the Russians and Americans

to dinner at CERN.

And after their first toast,

I left them alone.

I said goodbye.

I called for a fresh start

and we made that start.

I can't claim that we had a meeting

of the minds on such fundamentals

as ideology or national purpose.

But we understand
each other better

and that's a key to peace.

I think if in the end
Gorbachev could sign

the first disarmament agreement,

it must, I believe,
with the help of the physicists.

The Large Hadron Collider
is a machine for the world

because it's the only machine
of that type.

It brings the world forward
and it can only work

because the whole world
is involved.

It could not immediately start

with the highest possible energy

for which
the LHC was designed.

So we decided
to go up very slowly,

but we reached
the highest energy ever

with an accelerator on Earth.

It's a bit like an explorer
because I see something

which nobody else had seen before.

It's brilliant.

40 million pictures
per second of these collisions,

roughly 150 million channels.

And it's a
three-dimensional picture.

Of course,
then we were in a rush

to find the Higgs particle.

I mean, that was
what we wanted to see.

What's left to fill the gap

between theory and experiment?

That's the Higgs boson contribution.

For particle physicists,
discovering the Higgs boson,

this would be like
landing on the moon.

It's not just a particle.

It's not just a thing
that gets produced.

It is a clue to one of the

most fundamental concepts of our lives and worlds,

which is, how do we get mass?

It was sort of bam, bam, bam.

We were working along,

we were doing everything,

calibrating the detector,

and then suddenly
there was something there.

And we thought, OK, God,

is this the Higgs?

Could this be it?

Of course,

there was this excitement
that we knew,

but it happened so fast.

You check and recheck,

and then you see
suddenly this peak

or this number of pictures

indicating something
interesting growing.

People were working
days and nights

looking at the data.

There was something special going on.

We decided, OK,
we will have a seminar.

But we didn't know yet,

is it a discovery
or is it close to a discovery?

Today,
we have two presentations

from the two experiments,
ATLAS and CMS,

on their update on
a search for a certain particle.

We have a magic limit
in particle physics.

When we cross
this threshold of evidence,

then you can call it a discovery.

We needed to cross
this threshold in both

experiments because the cross-check is absolutely vital.

There were many,
many people who have made

the history of CERN,

the previous director general,

Peter Higgs was there,
Francois Englert.

The day of the
announcement was really kind

of not only was
the world learning about it,

but also half the community was learning

about the other half.

This distribution is extremely clean,

except one big spike here,
in this region here.

So, zooming in this region.

We have observed a new particle

consistent with Higgs boson.

As a layman, I would now say,

I think we have it.

Do you agree?

Applause to all the guys

who supported the whole project

for more than 25 years here.

All of them.

Just take a step back

and look at
what we achieved.

It was huge.

Applause If elementary particles

wouldn't have a mass,

they would fly
through the universe

with the speed of light.

No chance
to form composite matter.

No chance to form us.

No chance to form the Earth.

And now we found the explanation.

We found it.

It's a great moment.

I have to say
I was pretty emotional.

to say I was pretty emotional.

Not quite sure
whether I had tears in my eyes.

Peter Higgs certainly did.

So, this was 48 years

after they had proposed their theory.

Well, I would like
to add my congratulations

to everybody involved
in this tremendous achievement.

For me,
it's really an incredible thing

that it's happened
in my lifetime.

Just at the moment
where you say, okay,

that was worth all my work,
this moment, this day.

And basically, you then stop working

after that seminar we just celebrated.

It was a day full of champagne and beer.

Perfect.

I think the one good thing

that I had going for me

when I started this
was that I was naive.

And never realized the mountain

that we had to climb to actually,
you know, succeed.

You look at the experimental teams

that discovered the Higgs boson.

They include Russians and Americans.

They include Chinese and Europeans.

They include Indians and Pakistanis.

They include Israelis and Palestinians.

This is an endeavor which I think

really unifies the human race.

The situation is complex today.

The war in Ukraine does have an impact.

Last year, the CERN Council
decided to terminate

the collaboration
with some Russian institutes.

So there is one institute
based in Russia

that we're still working with.

Now the CERN Council must decide

whether it wants to keep that

longstanding collaboration going

or whether it wants to cut all ties.

Sanctioning Russia and Belarus, yeah,

that contradicts the CERN Foundation.

So CERN was established

after the Second World

War on the ash of Europe in 1954.

And in the 1950s, 60s, 70s,

at the height of the Cold War,

World War, Americans, Germans,

West Europe, Russians,

Soviets worked together.

So what changed?

Why don't you keep that?

You cannot generalize
to all the people.

You cannot generalize
to all Russians or Ukrainians

the decision of a few people

in the government, maybe.

I know these people,
they are against war.

And they are paying for something

that is not their fault.

So I'm really curious now to see

whether Fabiola
somehow has sent something.

There is something.

I'll wait.

An important item on
the room council operation.

Has the Council decided

not to terminate the agreement?

That's good.

I'm very happy to read

that CERN remains in its tradition.

Very good.

If the Council had
not taken that decision

and had decided to terminate
the agreement,

that would have been
the end of any relation

with the Russian Federation.

This is really the nerve center.

This is where everything happens.

How can we make sure
that we continue

being the number one lab?

So it's projecting CERN

in decades away from today.

This is why
we're doing this feasibility study.

You know,
should we have a super,

super, duper large accelerator?

It's going to be three times

the size of the current LHC.

What is dark matter?

That's the question I'm looking for.

We know it's there and it must be

there in an enormous amount,

about four times more of this

than the visible mass of the universe.

We're in the control room
of my experiment

on the space station.

The highest energy particle
comes from the cosmos.

To know the original problem,

you have to go
above the Earth's atmosphere.

Thank you very much for the great ride

and safe delivery
of AMS to the station.

Your support and fantastic work

has taken us one step closer

to realizing
the science potential of AMS.

We have some very,

very important results.

This corresponds to
dark matter formation.

So we have learned from
this experiment cosmic rays

behaving in a way
nobody dreamed of.

That's why
it's so interesting.

It's the mystery of life

and we have to accept
that there are things

that are much bigger,
much more complex

than our brain and
our imagination can capture.

We are made of
sub-nuclear universe.

We are pieces of
the sub-nuclear universe.

Believe it or not,

it's the real origin
of existence.

Do you sometimes
want to wake up

to the singularity
we once were?

For every atom
belonging to me

as good belongs to you.

When Earth was sky

and animal was energy

and rock was liquid

and stars were space

and space was not.

Only a tiny dot brimming with is, is,

is.

Everything.

Home.

Careers and reputations

of scientists in the race

to build the first super-bomb

were seared in the process.

Back 60 years next on BBC4

with a rare archive documentary:

"Too Near the Sun."