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WEBVTT
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To obtain bread, one offers coin.
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To obtain rights, one offers taxes.
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To obtain wages, one offers labor.
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So then,
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what must one offer up
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to obtain the truth of our world?
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ORB: ON THE MOVEMENTS OF THE EARTH
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EARLY 15TH CENTURY
SOMEWHERE IN THE KINGDOM OF P
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Three for Wojcik.
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Two for Mazur.
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For Bolanski...
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Four.
01:52.987 --> 01:56.241
I only realized it
after assuming this line of work,
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but do you know
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what troubles people the most
when their nails are removed?
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They... They can't hold objects.
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Without nails, we have no grip.
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Oh, my!
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An answer befitting a scholar.
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However, it's incorrect.
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The answer is pain.
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It's the simplest things
that seem to trouble people the most.
02:37.240 --> 02:38.449
Now then,
02:38.950 --> 02:43.246
you've hidden research materials
that blaspheme against Church doctrine.
02:43.329 --> 02:45.206
Where are they?
02:49.085 --> 02:50.211
Where?
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Where are the materials?
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You...
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You bastards have no power over the truth!
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Oh, dear.
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Are you by chance a strong-willed fellow?
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What a bother.
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This could take a while.
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I'd like to go home early.
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I only have ten nails.
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Just get it over with!
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For Negri... 68.
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What?
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Nails grow back, you know.
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Okay, everyone. I have a question.
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What lies at the center of the universe?
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Sir! I know!
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Oh!
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Go on, Kochanski.
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It's love!
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The center of the universe
overflows with God's love.
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That is correct.
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But it's a little too abstract.
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Anyone else... Oh!
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Rafal, go ahead!
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Yes, sir.
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The center of the universe
is the Earth, of course.
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We know this for many reasons.
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As Aristotle pointed out,
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heavy objects fall downward.
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Objects fall to the ground
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because the Earth is the lowest sphere
in the center of the universe.
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Exactly!
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You honor me, my son.
04:49.664 --> 04:51.666
The honor is mine, Professor Potocki.
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Come on, are you two bragging?
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No, not at all.
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The bragging begins now.
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Big news! Rafal is going to university!
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- What?!
- What?!
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These days, only a handful of people
can enter university,
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but to do so at age 12 is truly amazing.
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It calls for celebration!
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- Wow!
- That's awesome!
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Rafal, have you thought
of an appropriate field of study?
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Mathematics?
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Medicine?
05:25.742 --> 05:26.701
Geography?
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Of course, I want to study theology.
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As we all know,
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theology is the highest academic field.
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We owe our lives to God.
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A theologist analyzes
the holy scripture logically
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so that we may deepen our faith.
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I don't believe I have
more talent than anyone else.
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I am merely lucky.
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That's why I want
to repay that good fortune
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by choosing a field
that will be useful to the faithful.
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Magnificent!
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You are an example to us all!
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Oh, stop.
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This world
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is so easy!
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Though it pains me to say it,
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the world is full of fools.
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I myself was born an orphan,
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so I've had my share of poverty,
misery, pity, vulnerability,
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and every other disadvantage.
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But above all that,
I'm good at living smart.
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Really good.
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My philosophy
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is to live rationally.
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If one ignores
irrational emotions like love,
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avoids wasteful desires,
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and makes reasonable decisions,
one can live comfortably.
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That which is rational
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is always beautiful.
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By sticking to that belief,
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people now see me as dignified,
wise, humble, and capable.
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University? That's awesome, Rafal!
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I can brag about knowing you!
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No, I'm nothing special.
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Simpletons like this guy Kochanski
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respect me right away,
so they're good to have around.
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You're a genius.
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Not at all.
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A sage.
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You're exaggerating.
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No, more like a god!
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Uh-oh.
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God?
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What are you saying?
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Humans cannot be gods.
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Please retract that comment.
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I take it back.
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Forgive me.
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Be careful from now on.
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You idiot.
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Some things can't be said aloud.
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That concludes today's lesson.
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May God bless you.
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Oh, Rafal.
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- I have a favor to ask.
- Oh?
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What is it?
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I need you to-- Huh?
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Is that a catalog of stars?
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Uh, yes!
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Yesterday, I saw my first
sixth-magnitude star.
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It was so exciting!
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I see.
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Then you must stop.
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What?
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You must devote all your time
to theology from now on.
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No more astronomy.
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Understood?
08:49.570 --> 08:51.822
Y-Yes sir.
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Good.
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As for the favor,
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I'd like you to pick up
my acquaintance Hubert tomorrow.
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Hubert?
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Wasn't he arrested as a heretic?
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Something about forbidden research.
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Is it okay to take him in?
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Yes. It's fine.
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He recanted, so they're releasing him.
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Willingness to forgive sins
is a sign of devout faith.
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I'll be loaning him
a place to live as well.
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Now then. I'm counting on you.
09:41.247 --> 09:44.542
You must devote all your time
to theology from now on.
09:45.042 --> 09:46.335
No more astronomy.
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It's only natural.
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I've got no time for astronomy.
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Stop it.
You've got to forget about the sky.
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What does it matter?
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There was a time
when I saw a rational beauty
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in the orderly movements of stars.
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But when I looked deeper,
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every star's movement
has its own complex calculations.
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Continuing with astronomy isn't rational.
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Plus,
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the world of stars is so far away.
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No matter how we stretch,
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no human can ever reach them.
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Hubert...
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A former scholar and heretic.
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What kind of person could he be?
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No matter how you look at it,
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it's not a smart way to live.
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Speak of the devil.
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A heretic was scheduled
for execution today.
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Come on, they defied God!
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Surely there were chances to recant.
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They brought it on themselves.
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Hurry up and burn already.
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What's taking so long?
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What's with that guy?
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Let's get out of here.
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Excuse me!
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I'm Rafal, ward of Potocki.
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I'm here for Hubert.
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Oh, uh...
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Right.
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Whoa! He's huge!
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This guy is suspicious to the core!
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Pleasure to meet you.
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I'm Potocki's ward, Rafal.
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I look forward to knowing you.
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Huh?
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Uh, um...
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I offer no benefit to you.
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You don't have to win
my favor with a false smile.
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What?
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But...
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Now then. Please guide me.
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I've heard about you.
13:19.465 --> 13:21.091
You're going to university?
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Uh, yes! It's an honor.
13:24.178 --> 13:26.847
I owe it to God
and everyone who has supported--
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Will you study astronomy?
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What?
13:29.600 --> 13:30.893
You must look at stars
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if you carry an astrolabe.
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Oh, uh... This is...
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How do I put it? It's just a hobby.
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I've been thinking of quitting.
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I'm going to study theology--
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You're rather insincere.
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Huh?
14:05.719 --> 14:09.139
So, Hubert, what were you
researching before?
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Is that wax tablet
a record of your observations?
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Yes.
14:21.235 --> 14:22.945
To the best of my ability, I--
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- Show me.
- Whoa! Hey...
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Excellent.
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What?
14:39.879 --> 14:42.381
You've seen all the way
to the sixth magnitude.
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You have good eyes.
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What?
14:46.343 --> 14:48.220
Oh, but those are just jottings.
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I have more precise notes at home.
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You do? I'd like to see them.
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I can continue my research with these.
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Right!
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Of course, I--
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Huh?
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Did you say... research?
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You abandoned your research, didn't you?
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I'm a scholar.
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No matter what anyone says,
I will never abandon my research.
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Huh? Does that mean you haven't recanted?
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Of course not.
I lied to obtain my release.
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Although, I will keep up the act
to avoid being caught.
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Wha--
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Why did you reveal that so bluntly?
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Because I'm about to blackmail you.
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What?!
15:45.736 --> 15:46.737
Listen to me.
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Research requires observation.
15:49.448 --> 15:51.992
However, my eyes have weakened.
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That's why I'll use yours.
15:55.037 --> 15:57.748
A heretic caught twice
is immediately executed.
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I'm out of chances.
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I came back to finish what I started.
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And I'll jump through fire to do it.
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My apologies,
but if you refuse, I'll kill you.
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If you interfere, I'll kill you.
16:12.179 --> 16:15.432
If you don't do what I say
at all times, I'll kill you.
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So continue astronomy!
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For my sake.
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That's an order.
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Understood?
16:23.399 --> 16:25.818
Y-Yes! I'll do it!
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I'll do anything you say!
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Don't worry.
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I'm not an unreasonable man.
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I-I'm glad to hear you say that.
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Where do you usually observe?
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A hill to the southeast.
16:45.838 --> 16:47.923
I know a better spot.
16:48.549 --> 16:51.385
You're in for a surprise.
I'll tell you tomorrow.
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R-Right.
16:54.221 --> 16:56.432
Well, I'll be going.
17:04.106 --> 17:05.816
What the heck?!
17:08.485 --> 17:11.321
Why the heck did they let that creep out?
17:11.405 --> 17:12.823
He should be burned alive!
17:12.906 --> 17:14.366
I'll turn him in right away.
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Does he really think I'll go tomorrow?!
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I know a better spot.
17:20.664 --> 17:21.749
You're in for a surprise.
17:28.589 --> 17:32.051
Come on. This is way too dangerous.
17:33.010 --> 17:34.511
There's no way I'll go.
17:34.595 --> 17:36.346
Nothing good will come of it!
17:42.519 --> 17:44.104
Wow... Amazing!
17:44.188 --> 17:45.481
I'm so glad I came!
17:45.564 --> 17:47.691
I never knew they could be so clear!
17:49.902 --> 17:51.111
Indeed.
17:51.195 --> 17:54.073
The altitude is high,
the field of view is broad,
17:54.573 --> 17:56.533
and the air is clear.
17:57.409 --> 17:59.203
It's perfect for observation.
18:00.746 --> 18:01.747
Not only that...
18:03.123 --> 18:08.128
I'm fond of the way those mountains
and rocks resemble Orion's Belt.
18:09.004 --> 18:10.547
Oh... right.
18:12.299 --> 18:14.426
Observation is difficult
once the moon is out.
18:14.927 --> 18:17.596
I'll calculate the time retroactively,
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so make your record now.
18:19.473 --> 18:20.307
Right.
18:36.115 --> 18:37.491
Is this good enough?
18:50.796 --> 18:53.715
Incredible.
This many in such a short time.
18:54.216 --> 18:56.927
Oh, uh... thanks.
19:01.557 --> 19:03.308
- Excuse me.
- Hmm?
19:03.809 --> 19:08.188
What exactly will you
use these records for?
19:09.606 --> 19:12.568
This forbidden research of yours...
19:14.069 --> 19:16.196
What is it?
19:21.201 --> 19:24.079
Have you heard of Aristarchus?
19:24.163 --> 19:26.165
Huh? What is that?
19:27.499 --> 19:31.086
In that case, do you know the shape
19:31.795 --> 19:32.921
of the cosmos?
19:33.422 --> 19:34.423
Huh?
19:34.506 --> 19:35.549
Yes.
19:35.632 --> 19:37.426
Earth is at the center,
19:37.509 --> 19:41.346
and all the heavenly bodies
perform complex revolutions around it.
19:42.055 --> 19:44.516
- Draw it for me then.
- What?
19:54.067 --> 19:55.861
Something like this, I think.
19:56.653 --> 19:58.238
It's hard to understand,
19:58.322 --> 20:02.367
but Ptolemy discovered the truth
over 1,000 years ago.
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Plus, common sense
tells us that the Earth is special.
20:07.915 --> 20:11.210
I believe God
would place it at the center.
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Indeed.
20:14.463 --> 20:18.217
In that case,
is there beauty in such truth?
20:18.967 --> 20:20.219
What?
20:20.302 --> 20:23.722
Is the universe you described beautiful?
20:29.186 --> 20:33.649
Whether it's beautiful or not
depends on the sense of the individual.
20:33.732 --> 20:36.318
It has nothing to do with scholarly truth.
20:36.818 --> 20:38.487
You didn't answer the question.
20:39.696 --> 20:42.783
Do you find it to be beautiful?
20:53.126 --> 20:57.256
Well, it does seem
a little too complicated.
20:58.006 --> 21:02.344
With this model, every planet
has to be calculated separately.
21:03.262 --> 21:05.514
The way the movements fail to form
21:05.597 --> 21:07.391
a single orderly system...
21:09.393 --> 21:10.978
doesn't seem rational.
21:11.478 --> 21:13.814
In that sense,
21:15.482 --> 21:16.984
it's not very beautiful.
21:19.319 --> 21:22.906
But while the lack
of beauty is unfortunate,
21:23.407 --> 21:28.120
there could never be one system
that accounted for the entire universe.
21:28.620 --> 21:31.456
It makes no sense
to fault the universe for that.
21:31.540 --> 21:33.458
No, it's a major fault.
21:33.542 --> 21:34.418
What?
21:35.252 --> 21:38.672
I don't want to live
in a universe that isn't beautiful.
21:40.215 --> 21:41.967
Even if that's the case,
21:42.050 --> 21:45.929
to place beauty before logic
is just plain backwards.
21:46.513 --> 21:49.599
It may be complicated,
but the theory is highly accurate.
21:50.350 --> 21:53.520
As long as the stars move
and the sun rises, that is.
21:54.021 --> 21:58.442
And what if neither the sun
nor the stars actually move?
22:00.569 --> 22:03.447
Come on, a theory like that
would never hold up.
22:03.530 --> 22:05.157
But it does.
22:05.657 --> 22:10.579
If that's true, then what's moving
in the universe as we speak?
22:10.662 --> 22:12.039
The Earth.
22:12.539 --> 22:15.792
The Earth? But that's--
22:18.628 --> 22:20.756
Wait... The Earth?
22:24.384 --> 22:25.427
That's right.
22:25.927 --> 22:29.556
The sun does not rise. We descend.
22:31.350 --> 22:33.310
Morning comes every day
22:33.393 --> 22:35.812
because the Earth rotates
22:35.896 --> 22:37.731
on its own axis.
22:38.940 --> 22:41.193
In addition, the seasons change
22:41.276 --> 22:45.739
because the Earth moves
in an orbital revolution around the sun.
22:46.573 --> 22:51.119
In my universe,
the Earth moves in two ways.
22:54.206 --> 22:56.875
Meanwhile, the sun remains still,
22:57.501 --> 23:00.295
and the individual planets
move in sequence.
23:00.796 --> 23:03.840
The cosmos is unified
under a single order.
23:03.924 --> 23:05.967
Common sense is overturned.
23:06.051 --> 23:08.261
The Church is enraged.
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Reason and beauty become one.
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That is my research.
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I suppose
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we could call it...
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heliocentrism.
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How about that?
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ORB: ON THE MOVEMENTS OF THE EARTH
CHAPTER ONE
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Subtitle translation by: Brad Plumb
19989
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