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♪♪[R & B]
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[Man Exclaims]
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00:01:39,062 --> 00:01:40,689
Listen to this!
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♪ We didn't come here on our free will
Our people was stole ♪
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♪ The thief was the devil, children
That really was cold ♪
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♪ But still I saw more people
You know, they really was bold ♪
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♪ The truth about the whole thing, children,
never been told ♪
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♪ Even stole our name
which was better than gold ♪
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00:02:01,543 --> 00:02:05,422
♪ But Allah saw it all
and someone's head's gonna roll ♪
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00:02:05,547 --> 00:02:09,384
♪ They're trying to steal the music, children
That really gets old ♪
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♪ Trying to learn the wisdom
that their mind can't hold ♪
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00:02:13,430 --> 00:02:17,058
♪ Time is up, we've had enough
Now we got control ♪
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♪ Better dig this rhythm
'cause there's lots of lost souls ♪
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00:02:21,438 --> 00:02:23,273
[Man Exclaiming]
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♪ Listen, you got to get
that starch andiron ♪
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♪ Out of your hair ♪
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♪ Wigs and straighten-and-combs
ain't gonna get you nowhere ♪
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♪ I know I'm stepping on some folks' toes
I just don't care ♪
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♪ 'Cause here's the thing
you ought to know -- it's got to be fair ♪
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Oh, Lord!
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[ Woman Narrating]
This is no picnic in Oakland.
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It is a political rally organized
by the Black Panthers.
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- ♪♪[ Continues]
- [Man ] Left. Left. Left. Left.
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Left. Left. Left.
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Left. Left. Left.
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Left. Left.
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Left. Left.
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On this Sunday in August 1968...
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their purpose is to have
one of their leaders...
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Huey Newton,
released from jail.
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♪♪[ Continues]
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When they sing,
they sing "Free Huey."
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When they dance,
they clench their fists.
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00:03:43,978 --> 00:03:47,273
[Man ]♪ We got to free Huey ♪
Get with me!
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00:03:47,399 --> 00:03:50,360
♪ We got to free Huey ♪
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♪ Got to free Huey ♪
Get with it! Yeah!
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00:03:54,906 --> 00:03:58,410
♪ Got to free Huey ♪
Everybody! Oh!
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♪ Got to free Huey ♪
Oh!
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00:04:02,455 --> 00:04:05,750
♪ We got to free Huey ♪
Oh!
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♪ We got to free Huey ♪♪
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[ Narrator ] The panther
was chosen as their symbol.
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It is a beautiful black animal
which never attacks...
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but defends itself ferociously.
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My name is Brent, Bill Brent.
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00:04:22,517 --> 00:04:24,519
I'm a captain
in the Black Panther Party.
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I'm associated with central headquarters
of the Black Panther Party...
49
00:04:27,230 --> 00:04:28,773
located in Oakland, California.
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00:04:31,109 --> 00:04:35,196
[Narrator] Oakland..
population 400,000, 32% black.
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00:04:43,955 --> 00:04:46,791
In Merritt College, two students...
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00:04:46,958 --> 00:04:48,793
Huey Newton and Bobby Seale.
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Later they began
to organize their brothers...
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00:04:51,921 --> 00:04:55,800
against their closest enemy..
the police, whom they call "the pigs."
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In 1966,
taking advantage of a law...
56
00:05:00,638 --> 00:05:03,183
which authorized
the carrying of visible arms...
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00:05:03,308 --> 00:05:06,227
patrols of the Black Panther Party
For Self Defense...
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00:05:06,352 --> 00:05:09,439
cruised in the ghetto,
following police cars.
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As soon as a black is arrested,
they check the procedure...
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00:05:12,984 --> 00:05:16,863
making sure the law is observed
and that their brother knows his rights.
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As a result,
the police hate them...
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and the black community
admires them.
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But the law has changed.
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They no longer carry arms,
even if they speak of them often --
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quoting Mao, dreaming
of obtaining power through guns...
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and justice through power.
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See, the Black Panther Party
are not anarchists.
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00:05:50,522 --> 00:05:53,858
We believe in government
that serves the people.
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In the black community, we want
government to serve the people.
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We're gonna first start
by ridding ourselves...
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of one thousand pigs
who occupy our community.
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They killed brother Bobby Hutton...
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shot brother Eldridge Cleaver...
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shot brother Warren Wells...
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arrested brother David Hilliard...
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our national captain
of the Black Panther Party.
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They are making it their business...
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through the process
of arresting me and my wife...
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through a process of arresting
numerous Panthers on the block --
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[ Narrator ] The Oakland police,
well known for its brutality...
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never misses the chance
to harass the Black Panthers --
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to search them, to trap them...
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00:06:34,399 --> 00:06:37,569
to enter their houses without warrants,
and even to shoot them...
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as they did Bobby Hutton,
17 years old...
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who was running without arms,
having left a basement...
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where he and Eldridge Cleaver
had taken refuge after a gun battle...
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involving 50 policemen
shooting a thousand rounds.
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It was April 6th,
two days after the assassination...
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of Martin Luther King.
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As for Huey Newton, he was arrested
the night of October 28th, 1967...
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after a routine driver's license check
that turned into bloodshed.
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The facts: nine shots,
one dead policeman, another wounded...
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a bloody law book on the street,
and Newton shot.
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The testimonies are contradictory.
It was a dark night.
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No witness actually saw
the weapon in Newton's hand.
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He was seriously wounded, taken to
the hospital, where, on the operating table...
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he found himself surrounded
by policemen who threatened him.
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And after nine months of jail...
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his trial is held
at the county courthouse.
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The Black Panthers keep watch in front
of the building, making of this case...
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a test case for their political battle.
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So all the blacks and some whites
scream "Free Huey"...
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without even raising the question
of his possible guilt...
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and the courthouse lawn
becomes an open forum...
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where they discuss Chairman Mao
and teach the Black Panther program.
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Our organizer was the leader
of the Black Panther Party...
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our minister of defense,
Huey P. Newton...
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who is now incarcerated
in the Alameda County jail...
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and he's undergoing trial
and fighting for his life.
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[ Woman ]
How have you been treated in jail?
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I've been constantly harassed.
I'm in solitary confinement.
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- Now?
- Yes. I've been in solitary confinement...
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for approximately
three months now.
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When I was outside
of solitary confinement...
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I was still confined
to a cell of seven-by-seven.
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I haven't been outside a seven-by-seven
in nine months other than to shower.
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My mail and books...
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are constantly held up.
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My attorneys
must put much pressure...
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on the authorities here
to give me a book.
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And I always read the book...
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and then I'm out of reading material
for months sometimes.
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Do you get to do any writing
while you're confined?
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Yes. Only, I have to be
careful what I write...
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because periodically
they have a shakedown or --
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- They confiscate it?
- Right. My books too.
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The books through the mail,
they take them for some reason.
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[Man]
What are these books?
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[Newton ]
Malcolm X Speaks...
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00:08:56,874 --> 00:08:59,961
Quotations from Chairman Mao...
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a couple other books.
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Yes, it's a Marxist-Leninist program...
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and I was greatly influenced
by the Cuban Revolution.
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00:09:17,770 --> 00:09:22,275
And the Black Panther Party
are practical revolutionaries.
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We identify
with the armed struggle...
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00:09:25,236 --> 00:09:27,530
of colonized people
throughout the world.
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The community has been
very receptive and responsive...
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to my being in prison.
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They view me
as a political prisoner, which I am.
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It's helped to mobilize
the community.
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My case is definitely
a confrontation...
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between the police department
in particular...
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00:09:48,926 --> 00:09:52,764
between the establishment
and the colonized black people in general.
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[Narrator] The leader of all
Afro-Americans, Stokely Carmichael...
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gives a speech
at one of the rallies.
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[Audience Applauding]
147
00:10:03,733 --> 00:10:05,777
[ Carmichael ]
Everybody knows it.
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00:10:05,943 --> 00:10:07,820
The party is well organized.
149
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The sky will cave in...
150
00:10:10,782 --> 00:10:14,285
if Huey P. Newton is not set free.
151
00:10:14,452 --> 00:10:16,454
[Audience Applauding]
152
00:10:19,957 --> 00:10:23,586
And there needs to be
no justification for that.
153
00:10:23,711 --> 00:10:26,172
We say that Huey P. Newton...
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00:10:26,297 --> 00:10:29,175
is a prisoner of war.
155
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Many people say that
that's not true...
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or that the party is exaggerating.
157
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I think it's clear --
it's crystal clear --
158
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that the United States
has declared war...
159
00:10:42,146 --> 00:10:44,148
on black people.
160
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She did that when she took
the first black man from Africa.
161
00:10:48,903 --> 00:10:52,156
Now, of course,
she's never said so in words...
162
00:10:52,323 --> 00:10:55,827
and some people expect for her
to come out and say...
163
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"I declare war on black people."
164
00:10:59,247 --> 00:11:02,124
But now, the United States
to this day...
165
00:11:02,250 --> 00:11:06,170
has not declared war on Vietnam...
166
00:11:06,337 --> 00:11:08,881
but they're in Vietnam.
167
00:11:09,006 --> 00:11:12,510
They have not declared war
on North Korea...
168
00:11:12,635 --> 00:11:15,721
but they fight in North Korea.
169
00:11:15,847 --> 00:11:20,142
And they did not declare war
on the Indians.
170
00:11:20,268 --> 00:11:22,687
They just wiped them out.
171
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So we must define our conditions.
172
00:11:26,858 --> 00:11:28,901
We are at war.
173
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The minister of defense
is our leader.
174
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He is in jail.
175
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He is a prisoner of war.
176
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We must get him
by any means necessary.
177
00:11:41,372 --> 00:11:45,334
If we cannot get him, we must --
178
00:11:45,459 --> 00:11:48,337
we must retaliate, period.
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[People Applauding]
180
00:11:50,464 --> 00:11:52,383
Why did you come to be here?
181
00:11:52,550 --> 00:11:55,720
Because I had a lot of curiosity
about what was going on...
182
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and how people are organizing
to support Huey Newton.
183
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Well, it should be everybody
who supports him...
184
00:12:01,392 --> 00:12:03,936
on this kind of a case like this,
because...
185
00:12:04,061 --> 00:12:06,898
it's just a drag issue
in the first place, you know.
186
00:12:07,064 --> 00:12:08,649
Personally, I believe myself...
187
00:12:08,774 --> 00:12:11,569
it's a nice thing to get
a lot of people together.
188
00:12:14,822 --> 00:12:17,074
[ Man ]... what brings you
to this Huey Newton rally...
189
00:12:17,199 --> 00:12:20,119
and what your opinions are
about Huey Newton in this case.
190
00:12:20,244 --> 00:12:22,371
Well, I think he's been framed.
191
00:12:22,496 --> 00:12:25,917
See, the man don't have
no evidence that the man did it.
192
00:12:26,042 --> 00:12:29,086
So why, you know,
why shouldn't he be free?
193
00:12:29,211 --> 00:12:31,923
Well, the reason
that brings me here --
194
00:12:32,089 --> 00:12:35,718
I don't think Huey is getting
a fair deal, you know.
195
00:12:35,843 --> 00:12:37,887
That's the way I think.
196
00:12:38,012 --> 00:12:41,515
- I think the police shot him.
- You think the police shot him?
197
00:12:41,641 --> 00:12:43,768
- Yeah.
- And he should be set free?
198
00:12:43,893 --> 00:12:46,520
Yeah, goddamn right,
'cause he's not the guilty one.
199
00:12:46,646 --> 00:12:48,856
- Who's the guilty one?
- Police.
200
00:12:48,981 --> 00:12:52,318
[ Man ]...for themselves, organizing them
and giving them political knowledge...
201
00:12:52,443 --> 00:12:54,403
about the true situation...
202
00:12:54,528 --> 00:12:57,448
and organizing them and teaching
ourselves that we must arm ourselves...
203
00:12:57,615 --> 00:13:01,494
if we have to put a shotgun
at every door, from door to door...
204
00:13:01,619 --> 00:13:03,829
from block to block...
205
00:13:03,955 --> 00:13:05,915
from community to community...
206
00:13:06,040 --> 00:13:07,875
from city to city...
207
00:13:08,000 --> 00:13:11,253
from state to state,
across this racist nation.
208
00:13:11,379 --> 00:13:14,340
Huey P. Newton said
that every black man...
209
00:13:14,465 --> 00:13:16,300
every Mexican American...
210
00:13:16,467 --> 00:13:18,970
every Indian,
and every white radical...
211
00:13:19,136 --> 00:13:21,681
has got to get yourselves armed...
212
00:13:21,806 --> 00:13:24,100
so we can have
the power in our hands.
213
00:13:24,225 --> 00:13:26,477
So we can have
the power in our hands.
214
00:13:26,644 --> 00:13:28,270
[Audience Applauding]
215
00:13:29,897 --> 00:13:32,817
The 10-point program.
Number one: We want freedom.
216
00:13:32,984 --> 00:13:36,445
We want the power to control
the destiny of our black communities.
217
00:13:36,570 --> 00:13:39,573
Number two: We want
full employment for our people.
218
00:13:39,699 --> 00:13:42,034
Number three:
We want an end to the robbery...
219
00:13:42,159 --> 00:13:44,203
by the white man
of our black communities.
220
00:13:44,328 --> 00:13:48,082
Number four: We want decent housing
fit to shelter human beings.
221
00:13:48,207 --> 00:13:51,210
Number five: We want education
for our people that teaches us...
222
00:13:51,335 --> 00:13:53,587
the true nature
of this decadent American society --
223
00:13:53,713 --> 00:13:56,173
education that teaches us
our true history...
224
00:13:56,340 --> 00:13:58,175
and our role
in the present-day society.
225
00:13:58,300 --> 00:14:00,344
What we are doing daily?
226
00:14:00,469 --> 00:14:03,597
Like I said before,
we are organizing the community...
227
00:14:03,723 --> 00:14:06,851
going into different people's homes,
politically educating them...
228
00:14:06,976 --> 00:14:09,895
telling them exactly
what is going on...
229
00:14:10,021 --> 00:14:11,981
not only here in Oakland...
230
00:14:12,106 --> 00:14:14,525
but in America
and throughout the world.
231
00:14:14,692 --> 00:14:18,320
Many black people are not aware
of what is going on in America...
232
00:14:18,446 --> 00:14:20,531
or what is going on
in South Africa...
233
00:14:20,698 --> 00:14:23,034
or over there in France,
for instance, you know.
234
00:14:23,200 --> 00:14:27,079
Since the black community
is not a reading community...
235
00:14:27,204 --> 00:14:29,832
we talk to them,
show them examples.
236
00:14:29,957 --> 00:14:31,876
In our paper we have pictures...
237
00:14:32,001 --> 00:14:35,546
so they can see
what is going on.
238
00:14:35,671 --> 00:14:39,383
And after they learn what is going on
in the black community...
239
00:14:39,550 --> 00:14:42,928
then they can step forth
and try to change it themselves.
240
00:14:43,054 --> 00:14:45,181
[ Man ]
Okay. Thank you very much.
241
00:14:45,306 --> 00:14:48,059
- [ Woman ] Thank you.
- [ Man ] Thank you very much.
242
00:14:48,184 --> 00:14:51,979
Number six: We want all black men
to be exempt from military service.
243
00:14:52,104 --> 00:14:55,316
I'm a draft counselor, and we started
the Black Draft Counseling Union...
244
00:14:55,441 --> 00:14:57,568
because we realized
the problem that black people...
245
00:14:57,693 --> 00:15:00,196
are not aware of their rights
under the draft law.
246
00:15:00,321 --> 00:15:03,783
We feel that black people
should be exempt from the army...
247
00:15:03,908 --> 00:15:07,244
because they have nothing to fight for
in Vietnam, nothing whatsoever.
248
00:15:07,411 --> 00:15:09,914
They go to Vietnam, they fight,
they come back...
249
00:15:10,039 --> 00:15:12,708
and things are the same --
they haven't gained anything.
250
00:15:12,833 --> 00:15:14,919
Number seven:
We want an immediate end...
251
00:15:15,086 --> 00:15:17,379
to police brutality
and murder of black people.
252
00:15:17,505 --> 00:15:21,092
Number eight: We want all black people
to be released from the many prisons...
253
00:15:21,258 --> 00:15:24,595
city, county, and state jails
that they are now being held in.
254
00:15:24,720 --> 00:15:28,766
This jail is composed
of about 80% black...
255
00:15:28,891 --> 00:15:31,560
and I would guess...
256
00:15:31,685 --> 00:15:33,854
that most of the blacks here...
257
00:15:33,979 --> 00:15:37,191
are here because
of political reasons, really...
258
00:15:37,316 --> 00:15:39,944
even though
they don't even realize it.
259
00:15:40,069 --> 00:15:42,780
Number nine: We want all black people,
when brought to court...
260
00:15:42,905 --> 00:15:45,157
to be tried by a jury
of their peers...
261
00:15:45,282 --> 00:15:48,369
or people from their black communities,
as defined in the Constitution.
262
00:15:48,494 --> 00:15:50,663
Number 10:
We want land, justice...
263
00:15:50,788 --> 00:15:52,915
housing, education,
clothing, and peace.
264
00:15:53,040 --> 00:15:54,959
And as a major political objective...
265
00:15:55,126 --> 00:15:57,128
a United Nations-supervised
plebiscite...
266
00:15:57,253 --> 00:15:59,630
to be held throughout
the black colonies of America...
267
00:15:59,797 --> 00:16:02,758
in which only black people
will participate, to decide...
268
00:16:02,883 --> 00:16:06,428
or determine the will of black people
as to their national destiny.
269
00:16:06,554 --> 00:16:09,765
- [ Man ] Right on, brother.
- [ Man #2 ] Beautiful. Beautiful!
270
00:16:09,890 --> 00:16:10,391
[Narrator]
The use of "brother"and "sister"has gone
beyond the traditional "soul"meaning.
271
00:16:10,391 --> 00:16:13,477
[Narrator]
The use of "brother"and "sister"has gone
beyond the traditional "soul"meaning.
272
00:16:13,602 --> 00:16:15,896
It now means "comrade"
in the political sense.
273
00:16:16,021 --> 00:16:18,149
This is the Black Panther style --
274
00:16:18,315 --> 00:16:21,527
black leather, black berets,
black sunglasses...
275
00:16:21,652 --> 00:16:24,780
return to African dress...
276
00:16:24,905 --> 00:16:27,867
to natural hairdo...
277
00:16:27,992 --> 00:16:31,328
and promotion of women to the political
and military life of the party.
278
00:16:31,495 --> 00:16:33,080
[ No Audible Dialogue ]
279
00:16:33,205 --> 00:16:35,332
[ People Chanting, Indistinct ]
280
00:16:37,793 --> 00:16:40,754
- What are you gonna do?
- Off the pigs!
281
00:16:40,880 --> 00:16:43,465
- What are you gonna do?
- Off the pigs!
282
00:16:47,219 --> 00:16:49,430
[ Chanting ]
Off the pigs! Bang, bang!
283
00:16:49,555 --> 00:16:53,100
The role of the black woman
in the Black Panther Party...
284
00:16:53,225 --> 00:16:56,145
is exactly the same as the man...
285
00:16:56,270 --> 00:16:59,023
that we make
no distinction whatsoever.
286
00:16:59,148 --> 00:17:03,194
Women hold
ranking positions in the party.
287
00:17:03,360 --> 00:17:07,948
They are all instructed
and are military-trained.
288
00:17:08,073 --> 00:17:11,076
They're expected to, uh --
289
00:17:11,202 --> 00:17:15,206
to perform duties --
not on a sex level...
290
00:17:15,331 --> 00:17:18,667
but just as a party member
and a revolutionary.
291
00:17:18,792 --> 00:17:20,669
We have to print leaflets.
292
00:17:20,794 --> 00:17:23,130
We have to get
these buttons, these posters.
293
00:17:23,255 --> 00:17:25,216
All these things you ask us for...
294
00:17:25,341 --> 00:17:28,719
we have to have
the materials to provide them.
295
00:17:30,638 --> 00:17:32,556
[ Narrator ]
Her husband, Eldridge Cleaver...
296
00:17:32,723 --> 00:17:35,226
is the Peace and Freedom Party
presidential candidate.
297
00:17:35,351 --> 00:17:38,729
For the Black Panther Party,
it is a significant political alliance.
298
00:17:38,896 --> 00:17:41,690
Kathleen Cleaver
works with her husband.
299
00:17:43,943 --> 00:17:46,612
My position is
communications secretary...
300
00:17:46,737 --> 00:17:48,989
of the Black Panther Party...
301
00:17:49,114 --> 00:17:53,577
and I work directly with the minister
of information of the Black Panther Party.
302
00:17:53,744 --> 00:17:56,747
We're building what we call
the ministry of information...
303
00:17:56,914 --> 00:17:59,583
which would deal
with the whole aspect...
304
00:17:59,708 --> 00:18:02,878
of getting out information --
publications, newspapers...
305
00:18:03,003 --> 00:18:06,048
magazines, pamphlets,
contacts with the press...
306
00:18:06,173 --> 00:18:09,426
arranging distribution of literature...
307
00:18:09,551 --> 00:18:12,263
arranging printing,
building tape libraries...
308
00:18:12,429 --> 00:18:15,933
building libraries, making sure
there's printed publications...
309
00:18:16,100 --> 00:18:18,269
this type of thing.
310
00:18:18,435 --> 00:18:20,437
My husband is
the minister of information.
311
00:18:21,939 --> 00:18:24,108
Black people in general...
312
00:18:24,275 --> 00:18:26,360
are responsive to what we say --
313
00:18:26,485 --> 00:18:28,445
especially young black people.
314
00:18:28,570 --> 00:18:31,115
And the white people that invite us,
they're curious...
315
00:18:31,240 --> 00:18:34,410
or they want information
on the Peace and Freedom Party...
316
00:18:34,535 --> 00:18:37,538
and they're usually very grateful,
because the Black Panther Party...
317
00:18:37,663 --> 00:18:41,041
has a rational program
and a rational explanation...
318
00:18:41,166 --> 00:18:44,420
for the many confusing things
happening around this country.
319
00:18:44,545 --> 00:18:48,299
Whereas they might invite some speakers
who rant and rave and talk about...
320
00:18:48,465 --> 00:18:50,843
"Hate white people, burn, kill,"
et cetera...
321
00:18:50,968 --> 00:18:54,930
and they can't really understand it,
they can't isolate it.
322
00:18:55,055 --> 00:18:58,183
The Black Panther Party will give them
an ideological perspective...
323
00:18:58,309 --> 00:19:00,978
and separate the institutions
from the citizens...
324
00:19:01,145 --> 00:19:03,439
the government from the people...
325
00:19:03,564 --> 00:19:07,651
and point out the institutions --
in particular the pigs, the police department...
326
00:19:07,776 --> 00:19:12,114
the educational system,
the economic system -- to be attacked...
327
00:19:12,239 --> 00:19:15,659
and do not attack the individuals
because of the color of their skin.
328
00:19:22,541 --> 00:19:24,793
This brother here, myself, all of us...
329
00:19:24,918 --> 00:19:29,006
were born with our hair like this,
and we just wear it like this.
330
00:19:29,173 --> 00:19:31,592
Because it's natural. Because --
331
00:19:31,717 --> 00:19:35,846
The reason for it, you might say,
is a new awareness among black people...
332
00:19:36,013 --> 00:19:39,183
that their own natural
physical appearance...
333
00:19:39,308 --> 00:19:41,310
is beautiful and it's pleasing to them.
334
00:19:41,435 --> 00:19:43,645
The women want to please men...
335
00:19:43,771 --> 00:19:46,774
and if men accept it as beautiful,
then women will do it.
336
00:19:46,899 --> 00:19:48,525
[ Woman ]
Explain this style.
337
00:19:48,692 --> 00:19:51,528
Well, I decided to go natural
about a week ago.
338
00:19:52,988 --> 00:19:54,948
I felt it was a purpose...
339
00:19:55,074 --> 00:19:57,659
it was a special purpose...
340
00:19:57,785 --> 00:20:00,996
more so a meaning
for me to be natural...
341
00:20:01,121 --> 00:20:04,541
because I'm involved right now
with the Black Panthers...
342
00:20:06,126 --> 00:20:09,922
and I think appearance means a lot.
343
00:20:10,214 --> 00:20:13,884
Oh, I've been wearing it
for about three or four years now...
344
00:20:14,051 --> 00:20:17,888
but during that time, I've went back
to the straighten-and-comb.
345
00:20:18,013 --> 00:20:20,516
But wearing my natural...
346
00:20:20,641 --> 00:20:24,186
it, like, shows within me,
gives me more pride within myself.
347
00:20:24,311 --> 00:20:26,605
For so many, many years...
348
00:20:26,730 --> 00:20:29,483
we were told that
only white people were beautiful --
349
00:20:29,608 --> 00:20:33,070
only straight hair, light eyes,
light skin was beautiful.
350
00:20:33,237 --> 00:20:35,906
And so black women
would try everything they could --
351
00:20:36,073 --> 00:20:39,785
straighten their hair, lighten their skin --
to look as much like white women.
352
00:20:39,910 --> 00:20:42,538
And the black men
would let it be known...
353
00:20:42,663 --> 00:20:44,665
that they thought
white women were beautiful...
354
00:20:44,790 --> 00:20:48,710
and they'd say they didn't want
any ugly black woman with short hair.
355
00:20:48,836 --> 00:20:51,630
But this has changed,
because black people...
356
00:20:51,755 --> 00:20:54,049
are aware now...
357
00:20:54,174 --> 00:20:57,094
that their own appearance is beautiful,
they're proud of it...
358
00:20:57,219 --> 00:20:59,805
and white people
are aware of it too...
359
00:20:59,930 --> 00:21:02,099
because white people now
want natural wigs.
360
00:21:02,266 --> 00:21:05,769
They want wigs like this.
Dig it? Isn't it beautiful?
361
00:21:05,894 --> 00:21:07,813
- Yes.
- All right.
362
00:21:07,938 --> 00:21:10,357
[ People Laughing ]
363
00:21:10,482 --> 00:21:12,526
All we know is this:
364
00:21:12,651 --> 00:21:14,611
that whether you got
a natural on...
365
00:21:14,778 --> 00:21:16,780
or whether you got
a process on...
366
00:21:16,947 --> 00:21:18,699
whether a sister's got
her hair straightened...
367
00:21:18,824 --> 00:21:20,784
or whether a sister's
got a natural on...
368
00:21:20,951 --> 00:21:22,953
whether a sharp pimp
is down the block...
369
00:21:23,120 --> 00:21:25,831
with a sharkskin suit on
or a mohair suit on...
370
00:21:25,956 --> 00:21:27,708
or whether a sister
is prostituting...
371
00:21:27,833 --> 00:21:32,129
or whether one of our mothers is working
hard up there in that kitchen on a meal...
372
00:21:32,296 --> 00:21:34,089
or whether anything, brothers --
373
00:21:34,214 --> 00:21:36,550
the pigs will murder,
brutalize, and kill you...
374
00:21:36,675 --> 00:21:40,012
simply because you're black,
regardless of what kind of bag you're in.
375
00:21:40,137 --> 00:21:42,514
- [Audience Applauding]
- That's a fact!
376
00:21:42,639 --> 00:21:45,100
We have the pigs uptight.
377
00:21:46,685 --> 00:21:49,354
They don't know where we are...
378
00:21:49,480 --> 00:21:53,567
they don't know whether all of us
are represented here...
379
00:21:53,901 --> 00:21:57,321
but they know
that we represent a manifestation...
380
00:21:57,613 --> 00:21:59,823
of the black community...
381
00:21:59,990 --> 00:22:02,201
and that this
has reached a stage...
382
00:22:02,326 --> 00:22:04,995
where they cannot
deal with it anymore.
383
00:22:05,162 --> 00:22:09,166
They cannot deal with black people
in this country anymore.
384
00:22:09,625 --> 00:22:12,878
And this places us
in a very dangerous position.
385
00:22:13,003 --> 00:22:16,173
This places us
in a different position --
386
00:22:16,298 --> 00:22:17,841
[Man Shouts Cadence]
387
00:22:17,966 --> 00:22:20,385
Ten-hut!
388
00:22:20,552 --> 00:22:22,304
Dress and cover.
389
00:22:22,429 --> 00:22:24,473
Keep your arms up there.
390
00:22:29,686 --> 00:22:31,855
Dress and cover!
391
00:22:33,565 --> 00:22:36,026
- Who are you?
- [ In Unison ] Black Panthers!
392
00:22:36,193 --> 00:22:38,028
- Why are you here?
- Free Huey!
393
00:22:38,153 --> 00:22:40,656
- Why are you here?
- Free Huey!
394
00:22:40,781 --> 00:22:43,408
- What are you gonna use?
- Huey's teachings!
395
00:22:43,534 --> 00:22:46,119
- What are you gonna use?
- Huey's teachings!
396
00:22:46,245 --> 00:22:47,746
- What are they?
- The guns!
397
00:22:47,871 --> 00:22:50,415
- What are they?
- The guns!
398
00:22:50,541 --> 00:22:53,877
[Narrator]
"Who are you?" "Black Panthers."
399
00:22:54,002 --> 00:22:56,505
"Why are you here?"
"To free Huey."
400
00:22:56,630 --> 00:22:59,216
"What are you going to use?"
"Huey's teachings."
401
00:22:59,341 --> 00:23:01,927
"What are they?"
"The guns."
402
00:23:02,052 --> 00:23:03,887
Carmichael too said...
403
00:23:04,012 --> 00:23:07,099
"The brother who is ready to die
is just an idiot.
404
00:23:07,224 --> 00:23:09,935
You have take a gun
to be a revolutionary."
405
00:23:10,060 --> 00:23:12,271
It is because they are
an endangered minority...
406
00:23:12,396 --> 00:23:15,566
that the Black Panthers have
to affirm themselves so violently...
407
00:23:15,732 --> 00:23:18,652
and declare war
on their immediate enemy: the police.
408
00:23:18,777 --> 00:23:21,655
Their war cries frighten
and exasperate the white racists...
409
00:23:21,780 --> 00:23:23,740
who consider them black fascists...
410
00:23:23,865 --> 00:23:26,743
forgetting that they are
much less dangerous than the police...
411
00:23:26,868 --> 00:23:28,954
and much less fascist.
412
00:23:29,079 --> 00:23:32,165
As for the radicals, they support
the Free Huey campaign...
413
00:23:32,291 --> 00:23:35,335
all the while fearing that
it might break out into violence...
414
00:23:35,460 --> 00:23:38,922
and that the struggle for black power
will be long and bloody.
415
00:23:41,717 --> 00:23:45,053
The "mind and body" theory --
416
00:23:45,178 --> 00:23:48,140
for years, ever since slavery...
417
00:23:48,265 --> 00:23:52,644
that blacks have been considered
"the body" to do the work...
418
00:23:52,769 --> 00:23:55,314
and the white population
"the mind"...
419
00:23:55,439 --> 00:23:58,275
or the omnipotent administrator.
420
00:23:59,276 --> 00:24:03,113
And in this country,
that the white radicals...
421
00:24:03,280 --> 00:24:06,491
used to attempt to be
the theoreticians for themselves...
422
00:24:06,617 --> 00:24:08,952
and also for the black radicals.
423
00:24:09,119 --> 00:24:11,830
But now the white radicals...
424
00:24:11,955 --> 00:24:14,207
are gaining the body...
425
00:24:14,333 --> 00:24:16,960
by engaging in activities --
426
00:24:17,127 --> 00:24:19,963
certain resistances,
demonstrations, and so forth --
427
00:24:20,130 --> 00:24:23,842
and even confrontations
with the arm of the establishment...
428
00:24:23,967 --> 00:24:25,844
which is the police force.
429
00:24:25,969 --> 00:24:29,348
So they're gaining a body,
and the blacks are gaining the mind...
430
00:24:29,473 --> 00:24:33,477
because we no longer will stand
for anyone to be our theoretician...
431
00:24:33,602 --> 00:24:35,646
that we will decide our ideology...
432
00:24:35,812 --> 00:24:38,106
as well as engage in the practice.
433
00:24:38,231 --> 00:24:40,692
So a unity is being achieved...
434
00:24:40,817 --> 00:24:43,111
between the white radicals...
435
00:24:43,236 --> 00:24:45,781
and the black colony.
436
00:24:46,698 --> 00:24:49,201
The Black Panther Party
has succeeded in lifting...
437
00:24:49,326 --> 00:24:51,912
the consciousness
of the community.
438
00:24:52,871 --> 00:24:55,582
I'm very optimistic at this point...
439
00:24:55,707 --> 00:24:59,503
because I feel that the black community
has already received a victory.
440
00:24:59,628 --> 00:25:01,463
[Man]
The reason I came here is...
441
00:25:01,588 --> 00:25:04,174
I feel that Huey Newton...
442
00:25:04,299 --> 00:25:06,802
is a model
for the black community.
443
00:25:06,927 --> 00:25:09,554
I think he'll be set free.
444
00:25:09,680 --> 00:25:12,724
Because if he's not set free,
there's gonna be --
445
00:25:12,849 --> 00:25:15,352
[ Narrator ] "Huey must be set free."
It's like a refrain.
446
00:25:15,519 --> 00:25:17,229
It's heard everywhere --
even in Hollywood.
447
00:25:17,354 --> 00:25:21,900
And when we try to know more
about the night of October 27th,
no one says a word...
448
00:25:22,025 --> 00:25:26,321
more about the basis of the defense,
the answer is always a theoretical one.
449
00:25:26,446 --> 00:25:29,825
We can only feel their tiredness
bearing down on their determination.
450
00:25:29,950 --> 00:25:33,203
That he was innocent,
and that he must be set free.
451
00:25:33,328 --> 00:25:36,707
And that the pigs who have
invaded our community...
452
00:25:36,873 --> 00:25:39,960
were out to kill him
because of what he was teaching...
453
00:25:40,085 --> 00:25:42,546
because of the political party
he has organized.
454
00:25:42,671 --> 00:25:44,589
And that's sufficient for us.
455
00:25:44,715 --> 00:25:46,717
What you need to know about it...
456
00:25:46,883 --> 00:25:49,636
is that we don't like it
and we're not going to accept it.
457
00:25:49,761 --> 00:25:53,223
- It's crystal clear.
- [Man ] What's crystal clear?
458
00:25:53,348 --> 00:25:55,600
It is not a question
of individual cases.
459
00:25:55,726 --> 00:25:59,146
It's a question of an oppressive force
moving against an oppressed people.
460
00:25:59,271 --> 00:26:02,357
Huey P. Newton represents all black people
who are taken into prison.
461
00:26:02,482 --> 00:26:06,153
This brother has to be set free.
No two ways about that.
462
00:26:07,571 --> 00:26:09,573
[ Woman ]
Why are you here, sir?
463
00:26:09,740 --> 00:26:12,451
I'm visiting here from Houston, Texas.
464
00:26:12,576 --> 00:26:15,454
Do you know
what's going on here?
465
00:26:15,579 --> 00:26:18,331
A boy named Huey is being tried...
466
00:26:18,457 --> 00:26:21,042
for shooting a police officer.
467
00:26:21,168 --> 00:26:23,670
- Do you know more about it?
- Do I what?
468
00:26:23,795 --> 00:26:26,298
[ Man ]
Do you know more about it than that?
469
00:26:26,423 --> 00:26:29,009
Not really,
except that there seems to be...
470
00:26:29,760 --> 00:26:32,345
quite a bit of furor...
471
00:26:32,471 --> 00:26:35,307
in the colored community
about the trial...
472
00:26:35,432 --> 00:26:38,560
- and they keep demonstrating...
- [ People Chanting ] Free Huey!
473
00:26:38,685 --> 00:26:40,937
In front of the courthouse...
474
00:26:41,062 --> 00:26:43,774
that they want us to, uh...
475
00:26:43,940 --> 00:26:45,817
- they want to free Huey...
- Free Huey!
476
00:26:45,942 --> 00:26:48,445
- Whether he's guilty or not.
- ♪ Black is beautiful ♪
477
00:26:48,612 --> 00:26:52,449
- Free Huey!
- ♪ Set our warrior free ♪
478
00:26:52,574 --> 00:26:56,495
- Free Huey!
- ♪ Black is beautiful ♪
479
00:26:56,620 --> 00:27:00,248
- Free Huey!
- ♪ Set our warrior free ♪
480
00:27:00,373 --> 00:27:02,584
Free Huey!
481
00:27:02,709 --> 00:27:05,962
♪ No more brothers in jail ♪
482
00:27:06,087 --> 00:27:10,008
- Off the pigs!
- ♪ The pigs are gonna catch hell ♪
483
00:27:10,133 --> 00:27:13,386
- Off the pigs!
- ♪ No more brothers in jail ♪
484
00:27:13,512 --> 00:27:17,349
- Off the pigs!
- ♪ Pigs are gonna catch hell ♪
485
00:27:17,474 --> 00:27:20,060
- Off the pigs!
- ♪ Revolution has come ♪
486
00:27:20,185 --> 00:27:23,814
- Off the pigs!
- ♪ Revolution has come ♪
487
00:27:23,980 --> 00:27:27,651
- Off the pigs!
- ♪ It's time to pick up the guns ♪
488
00:27:27,776 --> 00:27:31,238
- Off the pigs!
- ♪ The revolution has come ♪
489
00:27:31,363 --> 00:27:33,365
Off the pigs!
490
00:27:37,452 --> 00:27:41,498
[ Narrator ] September 8th, 1968.
Newton is declared guilty.
491
00:27:41,665 --> 00:27:44,668
The prosecutor accused him of
first-degree murder and was after his head.
492
00:27:44,793 --> 00:27:48,004
The jury, torn by the lack
of evidence on one hand...
493
00:27:48,171 --> 00:27:50,674
and the vehemence of the prosecutor
on the other hand...
494
00:27:50,841 --> 00:27:53,009
took four days
to bring in its verdict:
495
00:27:53,134 --> 00:27:55,178
Newton is guilty of manslaughter.
496
00:27:55,303 --> 00:27:59,808
His life is spared, but he will have
a term of from two to 15 years in jail.
497
00:27:59,933 --> 00:28:03,186
Nobody is happy with the verdict.
It is a political compromise.
498
00:28:03,311 --> 00:28:05,355
- Newton's attorneys will appeal.
- [ No Audible Dialogue ]
499
00:28:05,522 --> 00:28:07,566
Huey must be set free.
500
00:28:07,941 --> 00:28:10,360
In Oakland, the police react.
501
00:28:10,527 --> 00:28:13,154
Two policemen go
to the Panther Party headquarters...
502
00:28:13,280 --> 00:28:16,491
shoot the windows, and kill
the posters of Newton and Cleaver.
503
00:28:17,617 --> 00:28:20,245
One finds in this act
the unmistakable reminder...
504
00:28:20,370 --> 00:28:23,373
of the magical act
of killing an image...
505
00:28:23,540 --> 00:28:27,252
usually attributed to so-called
primitive and nonwhite people.
506
00:28:27,377 --> 00:28:31,464
It is, in any case, a sign of hate
which does not mislead.
507
00:28:31,590 --> 00:28:34,885
The story of the Black Panthers
is not over.
508
00:28:35,427 --> 00:28:39,014
- Off the pigs!
- ♪ The revolution has come ♪
509
00:28:39,139 --> 00:28:41,892
- Off the pigs!
- ♪ It's time to pick up -- ♪
42385
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