All language subtitles for MA63 Perjanjian Malaysia 1963 - Episode 1; The Formation (English_ASR)

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>> Well, when I was younger during my

school days, you know, I never

took, you know, MA63 seriously even even

during my history classes in high

school. But thinking that it does not

affect me. But now that, you know,

you're in the working stage, you know,

you're working age and all that and then

coming now, you know, I'm in my mid-40s,

you start seeing how the

uh MA63 has affected Sabah. There's not

much awareness to it to the new

generation, especially to my children. I

have three kids, one born in Sarawak. I

don't think they know what

what is the importance of MA63. Whether

or not they read it, uh people wants the

rights to be enforced and have our

rights being protected. And I think this

is the general perceptions that

Sarawakian is having now, especially at

my age.

It should be implemented. It should be

enforced.

Yeah, because look at us. We are so

laid-back.

Yeah, you want to develop a nation, you

develop your your your your

your capital. You see? But, uh

we are so

left behind

in terms of infrastructure and

education. Unfortunately, some things

have moved forward, but not

at the pace that,

you know, our our friends in in, you

know, in Semenanjung have. Oh, Sarawak

is so left behind compared with

Semenanjung, right? I'm like, it's

unfair.

It's unfair. We are treated unfairly. We

somehow I'm traumatized and somehow I

feel like

why not Sarawakian we just

voice out more or somehow to to to a

extreme extent that maybe we can quit

Malaysia to show our strength of

Sarawakian or whatever whatever, but

I'm I'm like, is it the way out? Is it

the only outcome we can have? So, I

asked some of my legal some of my

friends in the legal field, they are

like they they they told me that the

18-point is 20-point is not very strong

legal power.

My friends asked me, what is so great

that you all can come into Malaysia work

here, but we can't go there?

I said it's part of the agreement that

was agreed to when Malaysia was formed.

Lawyers in Semenanjung cannot practice

in Sarawak, whereas Sarawakian lawyers

can practice here.

That also has become an issue, but that

is the law. We can't change it.

So, it's to protect the Sarawakians

because when Malaysia was formed,

Sarawak was underdeveloped as compared

to here. So, I believe in future when we

are on par, maybe then we can look into

it whether we should change or not.

>> The Malaysian Agreement of 1963

is like leafing through the pages of a

timeless novel,

untangling the threads

that bind the chapters of our nation.

The turning point in our nation's

history

is unknown to most Peninsular

Malaysians. It's a tale often

overshadowed by other events in our

nation's history. Yet this document,

signed in the quiet corridors of

history, would shape the destiny of

Malaysia in profound ways. As I delve

into this historical enigma, I'm

reminded that history

is not merely a collection of facts, but

a story waiting to be told.

I shall sit in conversation with

historians and scholars,

individuals who have dedicated their

lives to unraveling this intricate

tapestry of history.

Seeking to understand the tumultuous

political landscapes and delicate

cultural nuances that ultimately

birth Malaysia.

MA63 came about as a result of the

decolonization process of the British

government then, who wanted to

ensure that Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore

formed a greater nation called Malaysia

together with the Federated States of

Malaya then.

There were representatives from all

parties, and there were negotiations

over a couple of years,

of which you have the Inter-Governmental

Committee Report.

There was the 20 points, and there was

also the Consultative Committee

between the relevant parties

to provide certain safeguards and

conditions as to what would be

acceptable to the Borneo states and

Singapore then to form a greater nation

called Malaysia.

Mengapa

kita lihat pada ini wujudnya sebuah

negara per Malaysia

Malaysia

Malaya

Malaya

Sabah and Sarawak

North Borneo and Sarawak have two

different history but still governed

under the British. In Sarawak, we have

this Brooke

who actually introduced what they call

it the cardinal rules of which he

trained the people of Sarawak who

actually eventually rule Sarawak and

gain independence. Whereas in North

Borneo, they have different historical

and administration background where

whereas they were governed by the

Chartered Company. The idea of Chartered

Company is actually profit.

They want to gain as much profit but of

course at the same time they are

introducing introducing European rules

of the British rule in North Borneo

whereas they improve infrastructure

introduce education system basically

introduce Western laws. Singapore during

that time was quite an advanced economic

state in terms of commerce. Federation

of Malaya during that

was a state where their economy depend

on tins, agriculture. So, you need to

combine commodity producer and economic

in order to sustain the development

after the British left.

Union

Jack Sarawak berangkatlah kembali Sir

Alexander Waddell Governor British yang

akhir menamatkan 120

For the British also, this process of

decolonization has a lot to do with the

fact that

it became

costly

for the British to continue to

administer all these countries. So, one

after another, starting from India,

Burma, and then subsequently come to

British Malaya, the British were finding

it difficult or costly to maintain

these colonies. Especially after the

disaster in Suez Canal when they were,

you know, trying to assert their rules

again on the canal, which was a

disaster. So, since then, the British

Empire was in retreat. And therefore,

whatever that they were holding on at

the point of time, whether they are

colonies or protectorates and so on,

they were No doubt, difficult tasks,

perhaps even dangerous, lie before you.

But you in Malaysia

will have many good friends on whom you

can rely.

And among them

the British people will be proud to be

counted.

It is my prayer

that this Malaysia which is about to be

formed

and which is about to be born

will be a happy Malaysia.

So Sabah and Sarawak, for instance,

were some of the last colonies that were

incorporated into the British Empire.

This was very strange because the rest

of the British Empire were formed

starting from the 19th century and so

on. But then Sabah and Sarawak only

became British Crown Colonies

in 1946

after the war.

But I would like to go back to the early

'60s or even late '50s.

I think

the background to the formation of

Malaysia was basically driven by Lee

Kuan Yew of Singapore.

Lee Kuan Yew won the 1959 election in

Singapore.

But you see the increasing presence and

influence

of more the leftist socialist element in

Singapore.

And I think he was concerned the worries

that his own position might be affected

in terms of

where Singapore would become.

So

he was very keen

to be part and join with Malaya. But

Tunku Abdul Rahman hated the Malayan

government at that time was not really

receptive to the idea of Singapore

joining Malaya. But the British policy

also at that time, we remember

was pressured by the international

opinion, UN opinion, and the non-aligned

movement was to decolonize.

And therefore, how to decolonize and

move on. British policy then

was

to

move decolonize maybe North Borneo and

Sarawak and Singapore.

And the idea then

to try and convince

Malaya

if

North Borneo and Sarawak were to be part

and parcel of this understanding,

then that would help

to moderate

the fears Malayan leaders had of

Singapore dominance of the Chinese

population in the venue.

Thinking out aloud.

with the press association

>> So, but at that point of time in 1961 to

'63,

the idea about Malaysia was that

everyone has their their own

understanding of what Malaysia should be

and how Malaysia should be formed and so

on. Some people said we should have

independence before we join Malaysia.

Some people said we should join Malaysia

and be part of it. Some said, "Uh let's

have some conditions met before we

become part of the federation and so

on." So, each to their own, uh trying to

find ways.

But they initially quite a few of the

leaders were against the idea of

Malaysia. I think the the main person in

this uh resistance initially was Donald

Stephens.

My father was one of the few guys, I

think, in that period who spoke good

English, wrote good English cuz he was a

journalist and he ran a newspaper. So,

he could communicate well with the well

with the English.

In Sabah, they had started to train the

local local leaders.

Um and in the '50s, they'd set up a

legislative committee.

So, my father was uh appointed to

legislative committee, which is part of

the advisory group to the governor who

ran Sabah in those days.

They were preparing for some sort of

independence event because Britain,

after the Second World War, was getting

rid of all of its colonies. It got out

of Africa

and uh it wanted to get out of all of

its colonies, including Sabah. So, they

you know, they were trying to uh prepare

and train all the local guys. You know,

looking at MA63, there was a kind of

sense of optimism about getting out of

colonialism amongst all the locals.

And they were all working together. So,

my father

even used to be the spokesman for almost

like the opposition.

So, my father who grew up with Tun

Mustapha, who had another political

party, he would write in he would write

Tun Mustapha's speeches. Because Tun

Mustapha, charismatic leader,

but not very good in English. Even the

Chinese community as well, right?

So, my father then used to help people

by writing legal letters for them, help

them with legal matters. He'd open a

have like a desk in the town padang

where people can come and ask him for

legal advice and he'd give them legal

advice on the weekends, right?

And he'd help kampung people there write

up letters of letters to the government

agencies and stuff.

So, he was, you know, politically aware

even before that.

And I think leading up to '63, they were

looking for a leader who could

communicate well with the English. So,

he was kind of pushed forward as the

representative. That's my understanding.

He was originally against the MA63,

but I think Lee Kuan Yew worked on him,

saw him as a a guy who would be one of

the leading figures who could bring

people together and bring them around.

So, I think Lee Kuan Yew convinced my

father that Singapore, Sarawak, and

Singapore joining with Malaya and

forming a country would be a good thing.

So, I think he played quite a central

role in that. He was not keen at all

because he thought Sabah or North Borneo

would be dominated by the West

Malaysians and so on, and that they were

not ready and so on. And this was the

kind of idea that was putting being put

forward by Donald Stephens and his team

of people. So, it requires a lot of

persuasion from other people about how

the future should be.

Now, if you look into the surrounding

area, you realize that when the idea was

floated by

Tunku in 1961,

the neighboring countries, Indonesia and

Philippines,

began to say, "Hey, you know, you should

not form this federation

because Sabah people or the Sarawak

people should determine to join us." And

in the case of Philippines, there was

this idea that Sabah was part of the

Sulu Sultanate and so on, and therefore

should be rightfully belong to the

Philippines. So, that was the idea that

came up. There were a lot of resistance

and so on. So, Tunku unfortunately will

have to dealt with this issue. So, he he

has to meet up with the Filipino and

also Indonesian leaders, and then they

talk about how they can work together,

how they can brush aside all these

claims and so on by having what we call

Maphilindo, ASA, all sort of ideas that

were floated. This was before ASEAN.

This was before ASEAN. So, this was a

kind of regional organizations that they

tried to form in order to resolve some

of these issues that would pave the way,

at least that was what Tunku,

you know, believe in that he could

actually resolve this by having all

these

coming together kind of thing.

Big one, you play a very important role

here because they need to convince the

Bornean state, which is North Borneo and

Sarawak,

to become members

of this

federation of Malaya. They actually

invited the local leaders of North

Borneo and Sarawak to even visit

Singapore and

uh West Malaysia

in order for them to see

the development, the infrastructure

development, the system that well

developed compared to what actually

happened in the volume state. Even

Kalong income during the time and Donald

Stephen

were bought with this convincing nature

of Lee Kuan Yew, right?

Subservient to the British.

They are mostly British colony.

Uh that is it to love. Wujudnya supaya

Sarawak dimerdekakan dulu, Sabah

dimerdekakan dulu. Sebelum uh kita

meminjam soalan penubuhan Malaysia. Itu

kehendak orang Sarawak Sabah pada ketika

itu, okay? Dan dalam masa yang sama pada

bulan

12

1962

perbincangan ini dengan sudah rancang

diadakan di England, di Kuala Lumpur, di

mana-mana.

Uh pada ketika itu bahkan instrumen yang

terbesar yang saya pandang daripada

penubuhan Malaysia itu sendiri ialah

satu badan yang tak ada kena-mengena

dengan kerajaan. Yaitu Commonwealth

Parliamentary Association. Pada masa itu

diadakan persidangan di Singapura.

Dan selepas empat persidangan

CPA membuat satu memorandum

untuk mencadangkan kepada British

government

menubuhkan satu suruhanjaya.

Itulah cadangan yang pertama keluar

daripada bukan kerajaan.

Malaysian Solidarity Consultative

Committee itu yang membuat cadangan. Dan

dalam itu sudah penuh dah orang

ahli-ahli yang sama yang ada dalam itu.

Pemimpin-pemimpin Sarawak, pemimpin

Sabah, pemimpin Brunei, pemimpin

Singapura semua ada dalam itu.

Pemimpin yang sama berbincang soalan MA

CCT pemimpin yang

>> Here it is, the original proclamation of

Malaysia, signed on September 16, 1963.

This historic document formally declared

the creation of the Federation of

Malaysia,

uniting Malaya, Singapore, Sarawak, and

North Borneo, now Sabah, under one

nation.

The proclamation was issued by Prime

Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman

with the approval of the Yang di-Pertuan

Agong, Malaysia's first king, written in

Malay, Jawi, and English. Though

Singapore left the Federation in 1965,

the proclamation remains a cornerstone

of Malaysia's history. It enshrined the

terms of union, including constitutional

safeguards for Sabah and Sarawak,

protections still referenced in debates

over state rights today. Preserved in

the National Archives, this document not

only symbolizes Malaysia's formation,

but also serves as a lasting record of

the nation's founding principles.

A moment frozen in time, the day

Malaysia was born.

Merdeka!

Merdeka!

Merdeka!

Merdeka!

Merdeka!

Merdeka!

Merdeka!

>> Woo.