Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
1
00:03:07,338 --> 00:03:10,601
I was born in China in 1985,
2
00:03:10,602 --> 00:03:12,963
a time
when China's population crisis
3
00:03:12,965 --> 00:03:15,706
was making headlines
around the world.
4
00:03:15,707 --> 00:03:17,839
There are more
than a billion Chinese.
5
00:03:17,840 --> 00:03:20,537
That one big statistic,
more than anything else,
6
00:03:20,538 --> 00:03:21,843
is at the heart
of that country's
7
00:03:21,844 --> 00:03:23,627
huge economic problems.
8
00:03:23,628 --> 00:03:25,586
By the middle
of the next century,
9
00:03:25,587 --> 00:03:28,371
if China's families have
an average of three children,
10
00:03:28,372 --> 00:03:29,764
there will be starvation.
11
00:03:29,765 --> 00:03:31,853
However,
with one child per family,
12
00:03:31,854 --> 00:03:34,116
the standard
of living doubles.
13
00:03:34,117 --> 00:03:36,205
So now there's
a desperate effort underway
14
00:03:36,206 --> 00:03:38,033
to control the population,
15
00:03:38,034 --> 00:03:40,514
to limit families
to just one child.
16
00:03:40,515 --> 00:03:42,907
Chinese officials are using
fines,
17
00:03:42,908 --> 00:03:45,606
economic incentives
and propaganda.
18
00:03:45,607 --> 00:03:49,000
Billboards like this one
are up all over the country.
19
00:03:49,001 --> 00:03:51,395
They have a long way to go.
20
00:03:58,489 --> 00:04:00,664
Six years before I was born,
21
00:04:00,665 --> 00:04:04,233
China launched
its One-Child Policy.
22
00:04:04,234 --> 00:04:07,150
I grew up seeing reminders
of the policy everywhere.
23
00:04:09,239 --> 00:04:13,461
They were painted on the walls, printed on playing cards...
24
00:04:14,679 --> 00:04:15,984
calendars,
25
00:04:15,985 --> 00:04:17,812
matches,
26
00:04:17,813 --> 00:04:20,423
snack boxes,
27
00:04:20,424 --> 00:04:22,164
posters.
28
00:04:22,165 --> 00:04:23,731
All of them blended
29
00:04:23,732 --> 00:04:27,213
into the background of life
in China.
30
00:04:27,214 --> 00:04:28,779
I never thought much
31
00:04:28,780 --> 00:04:31,391
about what it meant for me,
or anyone,
32
00:04:31,392 --> 00:04:35,699
until I learned
that I was going to be a mom.
33
00:04:50,976 --> 00:04:54,196
Our baby was born
seven weeks early.
34
00:04:54,197 --> 00:04:56,286
I was not prepared.
35
00:04:59,071 --> 00:05:00,985
Right after he was born,
36
00:05:00,986 --> 00:05:03,988
the nurses took him away
from me.
37
00:05:03,989 --> 00:05:05,903
The separation
38
00:05:05,904 --> 00:05:08,733
and fear for his health
was traumatic.
39
00:05:11,736 --> 00:05:13,259
Twelve days later,
40
00:05:13,260 --> 00:05:15,565
I was finally able
to take him home
41
00:05:15,566 --> 00:05:16,827
and hold him.
42
00:05:21,442 --> 00:05:23,182
Becoming a mother felt like
43
00:05:23,183 --> 00:05:24,836
giving birth
to my memories.
44
00:05:26,708 --> 00:05:29,057
A rush of images
from my early life
45
00:05:29,058 --> 00:05:30,668
came back to me.
46
00:05:32,540 --> 00:05:34,410
I thought of my own parents
47
00:05:34,411 --> 00:05:36,456
and the name they gave me.
48
00:05:36,457 --> 00:05:40,895
They chose the name Nanfu
before I was born.
49
00:05:40,896 --> 00:05:45,291
Nan means "man,"
andfu means "pillar."
50
00:05:45,292 --> 00:05:47,031
They hoped for a boy
51
00:05:47,032 --> 00:05:49,296
who would grow up to be the pillar of the family.
52
00:05:50,688 --> 00:05:52,950
When I was born a girl,
53
00:05:52,951 --> 00:05:55,692
they named me Nanfu anyway,
54
00:05:55,693 --> 00:05:59,219
hoping that I would
grow up strong like a man.
55
00:06:03,135 --> 00:06:05,876
I remembered the plaques
the government hung
56
00:06:05,877 --> 00:06:08,923
on all the front doors
in my village every year,
57
00:06:08,924 --> 00:06:11,273
signifying
each family's commitment
58
00:06:11,274 --> 00:06:13,494
to the Communist Party's
values.
59
00:06:15,147 --> 00:06:17,584
Each plaque was decorated
with stars
60
00:06:17,585 --> 00:06:19,934
indicating how well
the family performed,
61
00:06:19,935 --> 00:06:22,110
including a star
62
00:06:22,111 --> 00:06:25,549
for whether the family
had no more than one child.
63
00:06:27,421 --> 00:06:31,076
Our family always missed
that star.
64
00:06:32,991 --> 00:06:36,342
I remembered being sent
to middle school in the city
65
00:06:36,343 --> 00:06:40,259
because our village
only had an elementary school.
66
00:06:40,260 --> 00:06:44,959
Most of the city kids
came from one-child families.
67
00:06:44,960 --> 00:06:48,223
Whenever someone found out
that I had a brother,
68
00:06:48,224 --> 00:06:50,486
I felt embarrassed,
69
00:06:50,487 --> 00:06:53,315
as if our family had done
something wrong
70
00:06:53,316 --> 00:06:56,014
by having a second child.
71
00:07:08,679 --> 00:07:11,115
NANFU:
72
00:07:11,116 --> 00:07:15,556
ZAODI:
73
00:07:27,132 --> 00:07:28,308
Mm.
74
00:07:34,879 --> 00:07:42,495
Hmm.
75
00:07:42,496 --> 00:07:43,845
Mm.
76
00:08:46,429 --> 00:08:50,346
ZHIMEI:
77
00:09:15,153 --> 00:09:16,459
Huh?
78
00:09:38,263 --> 00:09:41,310
I moved to the U.S. six years
before my son was born.
79
00:09:43,965 --> 00:09:46,706
Bringing him back to my village for the first time
80
00:09:46,707 --> 00:09:48,795
showed me
how traumatic it was
81
00:09:48,796 --> 00:09:51,711
just to become a parent
in China.
82
00:10:00,895 --> 00:10:02,286
Visiting the village
kindergarten
83
00:10:02,287 --> 00:10:04,593
where my mom teaches,
84
00:10:04,594 --> 00:10:06,682
I remembered
that we had textbooks
85
00:10:06,683 --> 00:10:08,031
about the One-Child Policy
86
00:10:08,032 --> 00:10:09,164
since we were kids.
87
00:10:11,688 --> 00:10:13,516
ALL:
88
00:10:16,650 --> 00:10:18,825
I used to think
that I knew everything
89
00:10:18,826 --> 00:10:21,959
there was to know
about the One-Child Policy.
90
00:10:23,700 --> 00:10:26,310
But now I wondered
if the thoughts I had
91
00:10:26,311 --> 00:10:27,834
were really my own
92
00:10:27,835 --> 00:10:30,577
or if they were simply
learned.
93
00:10:38,062 --> 00:10:39,976
I asked my neighbor
to take me
94
00:10:39,977 --> 00:10:41,978
to see the former head
of my village,
95
00:10:41,979 --> 00:10:43,414
who was in charge
96
00:10:43,415 --> 00:10:45,895
when the One-Child Policy
began.
97
00:10:45,896 --> 00:10:48,811
He was one of the people
my grandpa argued with
98
00:10:48,812 --> 00:10:51,031
about sterilizing my mom.
99
00:10:58,039 --> 00:11:00,562
NANFU:
100
00:11:00,563 --> 00:11:01,955
Oh! NANFU: Mm.
101
00:11:12,749 --> 00:11:13,967
NANFU:
102
00:11:13,968 --> 00:11:15,143
Ah.
103
00:11:16,318 --> 00:11:19,233
NANFU:
104
00:11:26,850 --> 00:11:28,895
NANFU:
105
00:11:34,771 --> 00:11:36,903
NANFU:
106
00:11:36,904 --> 00:11:39,471
TUNDE:
107
00:11:47,479 --> 00:11:50,569
NANFU:
108
00:12:09,023 --> 00:12:12,504
WOMAN:
109
00:12:30,479 --> 00:12:34,309
XIANWEN:
110
00:13:24,098 --> 00:13:27,187
Men like Liu Xianwen
worked all over China
111
00:13:27,188 --> 00:13:29,189
to promote
the One-Child Policy.
112
00:13:31,061 --> 00:13:33,497
Since before
I could even speak,
113
00:13:33,498 --> 00:13:37,501
I was surrounded by messages
praising the policy.
114
00:13:37,502 --> 00:13:39,721
There was TV.
115
00:13:39,722 --> 00:13:43,334
ALL:
116
00:13:46,729 --> 00:13:48,164
Theatrical performances.
117
00:13:50,907 --> 00:13:52,735
ALL:
118
00:13:56,783 --> 00:13:59,567
And even children's songs.
119
00:14:22,547 --> 00:14:27,856
And just like everyone else,
I joined in the choir.
120
00:14:27,857 --> 00:14:31,642
This was me performing
propaganda songs.
121
00:14:31,643 --> 00:14:35,255
We all had the same makeup,
the same dresses
122
00:14:35,256 --> 00:14:37,649
and the same mentality.
123
00:14:41,523 --> 00:14:45,352
WOMAN:
124
00:15:34,184 --> 00:15:36,404
WOMAN:
125
00:16:57,398 --> 00:16:59,181
As I was leaving,
126
00:16:59,182 --> 00:17:01,531
I asked my neighbor
who went with me
127
00:17:01,532 --> 00:17:03,882
if he could take me
to meet some women
128
00:17:03,883 --> 00:17:05,709
who were affected
by the policy.
129
00:17:05,710 --> 00:17:07,843
NANFU:
130
00:17:10,759 --> 00:17:12,065
MAN 1:
131
00:17:13,936 --> 00:17:16,416
NANFU:
132
00:17:16,417 --> 00:17:17,853
MAN 1:
133
00:17:22,379 --> 00:17:25,861
NANFU:
134
00:17:30,735 --> 00:17:31,911
NANFU:
135
00:17:43,270 --> 00:17:44,487
NANFU:
136
00:17:46,012 --> 00:17:47,273
NANFU:
137
00:17:47,274 --> 00:17:49,014
WOMAN 1:
138
00:17:49,015 --> 00:17:50,320
NANFU:
139
00:18:15,911 --> 00:18:17,912
That night, I decided
140
00:18:17,913 --> 00:18:21,350
it was best
to speak to someone I know.
141
00:18:21,351 --> 00:18:23,439
So I went to see
the local midwife
142
00:18:23,440 --> 00:18:25,920
who delivered all the babies
in the village,
143
00:18:25,921 --> 00:18:29,358
including myself.
144
00:18:29,359 --> 00:18:31,143
She was happy to see me.
145
00:18:31,144 --> 00:18:33,710
She showed me photos
of my grandma,
146
00:18:33,711 --> 00:18:37,410
who used to be in the same
propaganda band with her.
147
00:18:37,411 --> 00:18:39,630
HUARU:
148
00:18:47,943 --> 00:18:49,379
NANFU:
149
00:19:55,445 --> 00:19:57,620
NANFU:
150
00:19:57,621 --> 00:20:01,321
HUARU:
151
00:20:44,103 --> 00:20:45,842
On the wall,
152
00:20:45,843 --> 00:20:49,324
there was a long list
of infertility disorders.
153
00:20:49,325 --> 00:20:52,110
Next to it were flags
people sent to thank her
154
00:20:52,111 --> 00:20:54,635
for helping them
have babies.
155
00:21:33,674 --> 00:21:35,458
NANFU:
156
00:21:38,374 --> 00:21:41,334
HUARU:
157
00:23:16,994 --> 00:23:21,520
My village is one of many
thousands across the country,
158
00:23:21,521 --> 00:23:26,786
and every village had midwives
and family planning workers.
159
00:23:26,787 --> 00:23:30,746
Each year, the government
would punish or reward them
160
00:23:30,747 --> 00:23:33,575
depending on how many babies
were born in their territory.
161
00:23:54,249 --> 00:23:56,033
PRESENTER:
162
00:25:22,511 --> 00:25:25,470
She was standing
right behind Wen Jiabao,
163
00:25:25,471 --> 00:25:28,255
the country's premier
at the time.
164
00:25:28,256 --> 00:25:30,910
Received
like a national hero,
165
00:25:30,911 --> 00:25:33,086
Jiang's story was told
again and again
166
00:25:33,087 --> 00:25:35,045
by the state TV.
167
00:25:37,352 --> 00:25:40,181
MAN:
168
00:28:33,354 --> 00:28:36,008
"We are fighting
a population war"
169
00:28:36,009 --> 00:28:38,532
was a common slogan
used by the government
170
00:28:38,533 --> 00:28:41,622
during
the One-Child Policy.
171
00:28:41,623 --> 00:28:45,321
China started a war
against population growth,
172
00:28:45,322 --> 00:28:49,544
but it became a real war
against its own people.
173
00:29:06,082 --> 00:29:08,868
PENG:
174
00:29:43,206 --> 00:29:45,948
NANFU:
175
00:30:06,273 --> 00:30:07,666
NANFU:
176
00:30:13,193 --> 00:30:14,455
Mm.
177
00:36:18,297 --> 00:36:20,690
NANFU:
178
00:36:24,651 --> 00:36:27,348
My grandpa is 83.
179
00:36:27,349 --> 00:36:31,310
He lived through wars,
famines and revolutions.
180
00:36:33,007 --> 00:36:35,748
My own parents
weren't much better off.
181
00:36:35,749 --> 00:36:38,142
My father died
of a brain hemorrhage
182
00:36:38,143 --> 00:36:39,927
when he was 33.
183
00:36:41,581 --> 00:36:43,886
And his short life
was more about survival
184
00:36:43,887 --> 00:36:45,498
than finding fulfillment.
185
00:36:54,159 --> 00:36:56,682
None of my family
questioned the policy
186
00:36:56,683 --> 00:36:59,685
or how it was implemented.
187
00:36:59,686 --> 00:37:02,122
The government used
music and TV
188
00:37:02,123 --> 00:37:03,732
to show people
a better life
189
00:37:03,733 --> 00:37:06,039
that they could imagine
themselves living,
190
00:37:06,040 --> 00:37:08,433
as long as they followed
the rules.
191
00:37:15,484 --> 00:37:17,399
WOMAN:
192
00:38:08,711 --> 00:38:11,844
I wish I could say something
to my mom.
193
00:38:11,845 --> 00:38:15,064
Like most people in China,
she believes the policy
194
00:38:15,065 --> 00:38:18,764
was necessary
for China's survival.
195
00:38:18,765 --> 00:38:21,114
But I wondered
if people like her
196
00:38:21,115 --> 00:38:23,986
really thought
it was worth the sacrifices
197
00:38:23,987 --> 00:38:25,946
each family made.
198
00:38:27,687 --> 00:38:30,516
ZHIHAO:
199
00:39:43,458 --> 00:39:45,112
NANFU:
200
00:39:55,340 --> 00:39:56,471
NANFU:
201
00:40:03,304 --> 00:40:04,697
NANFU:
202
00:40:11,791 --> 00:40:13,705
NANFU:
203
00:40:21,453 --> 00:40:23,629
NANFU:
204
00:40:37,773 --> 00:40:39,035
NANFU:
205
00:40:50,046 --> 00:40:51,483
NANFU:
206
00:40:57,924 --> 00:40:59,620
Coming back here,
207
00:40:59,621 --> 00:41:01,622
I realized that I don't even
have a photo
208
00:41:01,623 --> 00:41:03,407
of my grandpa and me,
209
00:41:03,408 --> 00:41:07,716
as he only ever took photos
with his two grandsons.
210
00:41:09,065 --> 00:41:11,459
ZHIHAO:
211
00:41:38,268 --> 00:41:42,271
When my mom was born,
her parents named her Zaodi,
212
00:41:42,272 --> 00:41:44,405
which means "bring me
a younger brother soon."
213
00:41:48,844 --> 00:41:51,498
She later helped
her younger brother
214
00:41:51,499 --> 00:41:53,457
abandon his daughter
in the market
215
00:41:53,458 --> 00:41:56,243
so he could try again
for a son.
216
00:42:49,949 --> 00:42:52,820
NANFU:
217
00:43:01,787 --> 00:43:03,919
NANFU:
218
00:43:34,776 --> 00:43:37,256
I wish I could say
that my uncle
219
00:43:37,257 --> 00:43:38,736
was the only one
in our family
220
00:43:38,737 --> 00:43:41,260
who felt he had to abandon
a child.
221
00:43:52,620 --> 00:43:54,056
NANFU:
222
00:43:55,405 --> 00:43:56,711
NANFU:
223
00:44:00,062 --> 00:44:01,237
NANFU:
224
00:44:03,239 --> 00:44:05,285
NANFU:
225
00:44:09,811 --> 00:44:12,118
NANFU:
226
00:44:17,993 --> 00:44:19,125
NANFU:
227
00:44:42,975 --> 00:44:44,541
Mm.
228
00:44:48,241 --> 00:44:50,938
The large number
of abandoned babies
229
00:44:50,939 --> 00:44:53,288
created opportunities
for human traffickers
230
00:44:53,289 --> 00:44:55,029
all over China.
231
00:44:55,030 --> 00:44:57,728
In my village,
we called them matchmakers,
232
00:44:57,729 --> 00:44:59,686
because they took
unwanted babies
233
00:44:59,687 --> 00:45:02,080
and found homes for them.
234
00:45:02,081 --> 00:45:05,039
Talking with my aunt
about matchmakers
235
00:45:05,040 --> 00:45:06,606
triggered a memory I had
236
00:45:06,607 --> 00:45:09,740
of a national news story
from a decade ago,
237
00:45:09,741 --> 00:45:12,569
where an entire family
was convicted
238
00:45:12,570 --> 00:45:15,702
of selling babies
to orphanages.
239
00:45:15,703 --> 00:45:18,357
At the time,
it seemed cruel and evil
240
00:45:18,358 --> 00:45:21,055
that someone could sell babies
like that.
241
00:45:21,056 --> 00:45:23,580
But now I wondered
if the government's version
242
00:45:23,581 --> 00:45:26,322
of their crime
was true at all.
243
00:45:32,807 --> 00:45:35,548
I tracked down
the ex-trafficker Yueneng Duan
244
00:45:35,549 --> 00:45:36,984
in Shenzhen.
245
00:45:36,985 --> 00:45:38,986
Duan spent four years
in prison,
246
00:45:38,987 --> 00:45:42,947
but now works
as a security guard.
247
00:45:42,948 --> 00:45:45,819
The day I was there,
he was on his break,
248
00:45:45,820 --> 00:45:47,995
scavenging furniture
from a company
249
00:45:47,996 --> 00:45:50,215
that was going
out of business.
250
00:46:19,375 --> 00:46:20,768
NANFU:
251
00:46:34,260 --> 00:46:36,088
NANFU:
252
00:46:46,881 --> 00:46:48,622
NANFU:
253
00:46:50,972 --> 00:46:52,104
NANFU:
254
00:46:56,282 --> 00:46:58,979
The number 10,000
sounded high to me,
255
00:46:58,980 --> 00:47:01,808
but I had no way
to verify it.
256
00:47:01,809 --> 00:47:05,377
I asked him to show me
exactly how he did it.
257
00:47:11,689 --> 00:47:14,212
He used to take a train
almost every day
258
00:47:14,213 --> 00:47:17,258
between Guangdong Province,
where he would find babies,
259
00:47:17,259 --> 00:47:19,043
and Hunan Province,
260
00:47:19,044 --> 00:47:22,264
where he would sell the babies
to the orphanages.
261
00:47:34,929 --> 00:47:36,714
YUENENG:
262
00:48:08,223 --> 00:48:10,182
NANFU:
263
00:48:12,706 --> 00:48:14,229
NANFU:
264
00:48:24,239 --> 00:48:25,806
YUENENG:
265
00:48:32,378 --> 00:48:34,032
NANFU:
266
00:48:54,356 --> 00:48:57,663
1992 was the year
that China began
267
00:48:57,664 --> 00:48:59,752
its international
adoption program,
268
00:48:59,753 --> 00:49:03,626
allowing foreigners
to adopt Chinese orphans.
269
00:49:05,454 --> 00:49:08,630
The demand from orphanages
grew so fast
270
00:49:08,631 --> 00:49:10,895
that Duan's family
had to find help.
271
00:50:21,008 --> 00:50:22,575
YUENENG:
272
00:51:07,185 --> 00:51:08,708
MEILIN:
273
00:51:33,863 --> 00:51:36,518
YUENENG:
274
00:51:49,836 --> 00:51:51,707
NANFU:
275
00:51:59,324 --> 00:52:01,326
NANFU:
276
00:52:22,086 --> 00:52:23,957
NANFU:
277
00:52:32,270 --> 00:52:33,401
NANFU:
278
00:52:45,065 --> 00:52:47,066
Until my aunt told me
279
00:52:47,067 --> 00:52:49,286
the story about
her abandoned daughter,
280
00:52:49,287 --> 00:52:52,637
I never knew
that I had a cousin.
281
00:52:52,638 --> 00:52:54,640
Now I was filled
with questions.
282
00:52:55,858 --> 00:52:58,034
Where could she be?
283
00:52:58,035 --> 00:53:01,908
And where are the children
Duan sold to orphanages?
284
00:53:05,433 --> 00:53:07,391
One family in America
285
00:53:07,392 --> 00:53:11,439
has been trying to answer
these questions for 18 years.
286
00:53:13,441 --> 00:53:15,486
There are entries
showing these kids
287
00:53:15,487 --> 00:53:19,011
either came from
the Duan family from Wuchuan
288
00:53:19,012 --> 00:53:22,580
or from, you know, outside,
uh, family planning.
289
00:53:22,581 --> 00:53:24,625
And that's just--
It's astounding that,
290
00:53:24,626 --> 00:53:27,324
of the hundreds of kids
at this orphanage
291
00:53:27,325 --> 00:53:29,108
adopted internationally,
292
00:53:29,109 --> 00:53:30,631
less than a handful of them
293
00:53:30,632 --> 00:53:33,634
actually seem to have been
legitimately found.
294
00:53:33,635 --> 00:53:35,114
The rest were brought
in by people.
295
00:53:35,115 --> 00:53:36,550
I know.
296
00:53:36,551 --> 00:53:38,987
Long Lan and her husband Brian
297
00:53:38,988 --> 00:53:41,033
cofounded Research China,
298
00:53:41,034 --> 00:53:44,341
a paid service that tries
to connect adopted children
299
00:53:44,342 --> 00:53:46,430
with their birth families
in China.
300
00:53:46,431 --> 00:53:49,086
Their search started
with their own children.
301
00:53:52,959 --> 00:53:54,830
LAN:
302
00:54:01,185 --> 00:54:04,012
Why adopting from China
was so popular
303
00:54:04,013 --> 00:54:06,058
among international
families?
304
00:54:06,059 --> 00:54:08,278
The main thing
is that the China program,
305
00:54:08,279 --> 00:54:09,583
from the beginning,
306
00:54:09,584 --> 00:54:11,498
was extremely predictable.
307
00:54:11,499 --> 00:54:14,414
You knew practically
down to the penny
308
00:54:14,415 --> 00:54:17,025
how much money you were gonna
need to bring to China.
309
00:54:17,026 --> 00:54:19,332
You knew where you were
gonna be on every day.
310
00:54:19,333 --> 00:54:21,726
You knew what forms
you were gonna sign.
311
00:54:21,727 --> 00:54:25,208
Everything
was 100 percent orchestrated.
312
00:54:25,209 --> 00:54:28,863
How much was the average
total cost to adopt from China?
313
00:54:28,864 --> 00:54:33,477
Generally between, say,
$10,000 at the very least
314
00:54:33,478 --> 00:54:35,784
to 20,000 to $25,000.
315
00:54:38,352 --> 00:54:41,572
So we did research,
submitted our dossier
316
00:54:41,573 --> 00:54:44,705
and adopted Meikina in 1998,
April 4th.
317
00:54:46,447 --> 00:54:49,362
And it was, in every sense
of the word,
318
00:54:49,363 --> 00:54:51,277
a life-changing experience.
319
00:54:51,278 --> 00:54:54,585
And we said, "Boy, we need
to go on that ride again."
320
00:54:59,591 --> 00:55:02,070
Now look at the camera.
Two, three, one.
321
00:55:02,071 --> 00:55:04,725
Come on.Here. One, two...
322
00:55:04,726 --> 00:55:06,598
LAN:
323
00:55:25,356 --> 00:55:27,008
Oh, my God...
324
00:55:32,450 --> 00:55:34,799
For most of Meikina's life,
325
00:55:34,800 --> 00:55:39,020
they thought they knew exactly
how she came to them.
326
00:55:39,021 --> 00:55:43,547
I'd actually started researching
in China in about 2000,
327
00:55:43,548 --> 00:55:45,680
and interviewed this finder.
328
00:55:52,861 --> 00:55:54,906
And the detail
in the experience
329
00:55:54,907 --> 00:55:56,560
that she painted for me
330
00:55:56,561 --> 00:55:59,171
struck me
as completely legitimate.
331
00:56:18,235 --> 00:56:20,845
For 10 years,
I was convinced
332
00:56:20,846 --> 00:56:22,977
that that story
was accurate.
333
00:56:22,978 --> 00:56:26,024
Um, and then finally Lan said,
you know,
334
00:56:26,025 --> 00:56:27,765
"Maybe we should go back
335
00:56:27,766 --> 00:56:30,333
and I should meet this finder
and talk to her myself."
336
00:56:30,334 --> 00:56:31,638
So she went back,
337
00:56:31,639 --> 00:56:33,597
found the woman
I had interviewed,
338
00:56:33,598 --> 00:56:36,295
and the woman, like, kind
of got a little bit nervous,
339
00:56:36,296 --> 00:56:38,819
and she said, "Have you spoken
to the orphanage?
340
00:56:38,820 --> 00:56:42,345
"I actually had nothing to do
with your daughter's finding.
341
00:56:42,346 --> 00:56:44,477
"Our names were just put
on the paperwork
342
00:56:44,478 --> 00:56:45,870
"for the adoption.
343
00:56:45,871 --> 00:56:47,525
We didn't find
your daughter."
344
00:56:49,048 --> 00:56:51,092
Now, when Lan called me
and told me that,
345
00:56:51,093 --> 00:56:55,793
I was like,
"Wow. That is amazing."
346
00:56:55,794 --> 00:56:58,796
Because now I recognized
that the orphanage
347
00:56:58,797 --> 00:57:00,537
had prepped the finder
348
00:57:00,538 --> 00:57:02,887
before I had even gotten there
in 2000 and said,
349
00:57:02,888 --> 00:57:04,410
"Give him a good story.
350
00:57:04,411 --> 00:57:06,847
Make something up.
Just make him feel good."
351
00:57:06,848 --> 00:57:09,894
And that's what happens
in the majority of cases
352
00:57:09,895 --> 00:57:12,244
when Western families
go to China,
353
00:57:12,245 --> 00:57:17,163
and they give this same story
over and over and over again.
354
00:57:18,556 --> 00:57:20,253
LAN:
355
00:57:41,883 --> 00:57:44,582
How come I can't find that one?
356
00:57:54,418 --> 00:57:55,809
Talking with Long Lan,
357
00:57:55,810 --> 00:57:57,985
I realized
I was following the path
358
00:57:57,986 --> 00:57:59,379
she had already discovered.
359
00:58:15,221 --> 00:58:17,527
She had reached out
to Duan and his family
360
00:58:17,528 --> 00:58:19,093
many years before I did.
361
00:58:19,094 --> 00:58:21,182
She has a copy
of all the records
362
00:58:21,183 --> 00:58:23,010
from Duan's trial.
363
00:58:23,011 --> 00:58:25,404
She also interviewed
Duan's mom,
364
00:58:25,405 --> 00:58:27,711
who passed away
several years ago.
365
00:58:27,712 --> 00:58:29,887
She was the first person
in the family
366
00:58:29,888 --> 00:58:32,716
who sold babies
to orphanages.
367
00:58:32,717 --> 00:58:34,936
NANFU:
368
00:58:42,988 --> 00:58:44,816
NANFU:
369
00:58:56,044 --> 00:58:57,480
Hmm.
370
00:58:57,481 --> 00:58:58,612
Mm.
371
00:59:06,403 --> 00:59:08,534
Mm.
372
00:59:34,648 --> 00:59:35,780
Hmm.
373
00:59:51,404 --> 00:59:53,797
And so the orphanage
will hire--
374
00:59:53,798 --> 00:59:55,102
Not officially hire,
375
00:59:55,103 --> 00:59:58,758
but will create
a recruiting network
376
00:59:58,759 --> 01:00:03,763
of doctors, midwives,
foster families, whatever.
377
01:00:03,764 --> 01:00:06,853
You know?
Anybody that can--
378
01:00:06,854 --> 01:00:10,204
Can locate and bring children
into the orphanage.
379
01:00:10,205 --> 01:00:12,380
When those children
come into the orphanage,
380
01:00:12,381 --> 01:00:14,687
then, of course,
the orphanage then needs
381
01:00:14,688 --> 01:00:16,515
to fabricate
their information,
382
01:00:16,516 --> 01:00:20,476
say, "Oh, yeah, let's pick
the third middle school today."
383
01:00:20,477 --> 01:00:22,826
You know, and they'll tell
the adopted family,
384
01:00:22,827 --> 01:00:25,263
"Your child was found
at the third middle school."
385
01:00:25,264 --> 01:00:28,527
Um, when, in fact, they were
never actually found at all.
386
01:00:28,528 --> 01:00:31,748
So, what the orphanages will do
is they'll make an agreement
387
01:00:31,749 --> 01:00:34,011
with their local police station
and say,
388
01:00:34,012 --> 01:00:37,536
"Okay, we're going to bring
over these finding reports,
389
01:00:37,537 --> 01:00:40,974
"and we need you to stamp it
and sign it,
390
01:00:40,975 --> 01:00:42,585
"and we'll pay you 50 yuan
or whatever
391
01:00:42,586 --> 01:00:43,847
for each one that we do."
392
01:00:46,981 --> 01:00:48,939
The finding ads are published
in newspapers
393
01:00:48,940 --> 01:00:50,680
that nobody ever reads.
394
01:00:50,681 --> 01:00:52,595
You know, basically,
they're just a photo
395
01:00:52,596 --> 01:00:55,554
with some information
about the child,
396
01:00:55,555 --> 01:00:57,991
their gender,
their health status,
397
01:00:57,992 --> 01:01:00,124
where they
were supposedly found,
398
01:01:00,125 --> 01:01:02,300
how old, their birth dates,
and so on.
399
01:01:02,301 --> 01:01:04,998
And then, at the bottom
of the finding ad it says,
400
01:01:04,999 --> 01:01:08,306
"The birth family has 60 days
to retrieve the child,
401
01:01:08,307 --> 01:01:10,788
or the child will be submitted
for adoption."
402
01:01:16,707 --> 01:01:19,883
Looking at the finding ads
in the newspapers,
403
01:01:19,884 --> 01:01:22,494
I wondered
about each baby's story.
404
01:01:22,495 --> 01:01:25,192
If they weren't orphans,
405
01:01:25,193 --> 01:01:27,544
were they given to matchmakers
like my own cousin?
406
01:01:31,635 --> 01:01:34,245
I found many sets of twins.
407
01:01:34,246 --> 01:01:38,118
Most of them
probably were separated,
408
01:01:38,119 --> 01:01:40,338
and they don't even know
that they have a twin
409
01:01:40,339 --> 01:01:42,428
somewhere in the world.
410
01:01:50,915 --> 01:01:53,439
LAN:
411
01:01:59,445 --> 01:02:01,272
When you take that information
412
01:02:01,273 --> 01:02:03,970
from all the children
and you collate it together,
413
01:02:03,971 --> 01:02:06,233
you can begin
to see patterns.
414
01:02:06,234 --> 01:02:08,366
This is the location
that the orphanage
415
01:02:08,367 --> 01:02:10,020
told the adoptive families
416
01:02:10,021 --> 01:02:11,587
where their child was found.
417
01:02:11,588 --> 01:02:14,502
And so you can see--
Orphanage gate,
418
01:02:14,503 --> 01:02:18,028
civil affairs, orphanage,
civil affairs, orphanage.
419
01:02:18,029 --> 01:02:19,377
It's clear that, you know,
420
01:02:19,378 --> 01:02:21,031
they're making up
the information,
421
01:02:21,032 --> 01:02:22,989
because they're using
the same locations
422
01:02:22,990 --> 01:02:24,643
over and over
and over again.
423
01:02:24,644 --> 01:02:26,211
LAN:
424
01:02:50,365 --> 01:02:52,976
It used to be that
family planning would come in
425
01:02:52,977 --> 01:02:54,978
if you had
an over-quota child,
426
01:02:54,979 --> 01:02:56,849
and they'd bash down
your house
427
01:02:56,850 --> 01:03:00,200
or they'd take a pig
or, you know, do something.
428
01:03:00,201 --> 01:03:01,549
Once the orphanage joined
429
01:03:01,550 --> 01:03:03,726
the international
adoption program,
430
01:03:03,727 --> 01:03:05,336
that changed.
431
01:03:05,337 --> 01:03:08,600
And so now they saw kind
of a win-win situation going
432
01:03:08,601 --> 01:03:11,037
where the family planning
would go in
433
01:03:11,038 --> 01:03:13,997
and take the child
that wasn't registered,
434
01:03:13,998 --> 01:03:15,694
turn it in to the orphanage,
435
01:03:15,695 --> 01:03:18,654
the orphanage would reward
the family planning officials,
436
01:03:18,655 --> 01:03:21,745
and then adopt
that child internationally.
437
01:03:24,269 --> 01:03:27,097
I lived in China
until I was 26,
438
01:03:27,098 --> 01:03:29,708
but I'd never heard
that government officials
439
01:03:29,709 --> 01:03:33,625
were confiscating babies
during the One-Child Policy.
440
01:03:33,626 --> 01:03:35,627
I was shocked
when Brian said
441
01:03:35,628 --> 01:03:38,064
the story was uncovered
years ago
442
01:03:38,065 --> 01:03:41,111
when I was still living
in China.
443
01:03:41,112 --> 01:03:43,723
This was me back then.
444
01:03:45,377 --> 01:03:47,030
Throughout my life,
445
01:03:47,031 --> 01:03:49,815
I was taught to believe
the love of my country
446
01:03:49,816 --> 01:03:51,774
was equal
to love of the government
447
01:03:51,775 --> 01:03:54,428
and the party.
448
01:03:54,429 --> 01:03:57,127
Now, when I look back
at this time in my life,
449
01:03:57,128 --> 01:04:00,218
I'm amazed at my ignorance.
450
01:04:04,483 --> 01:04:06,398
NANFU:
451
01:04:10,445 --> 01:04:13,709
The Chinese government
exerted a lot of influence
452
01:04:13,710 --> 01:04:15,798
to suppress the story.
453
01:04:15,799 --> 01:04:21,151
Threatened the newspaper,
threatened the reporter.
454
01:04:21,152 --> 01:04:23,806
The reporter ended up having
to leave China, you know,
455
01:04:23,807 --> 01:04:26,112
because of that kind
of stuff.
456
01:04:26,113 --> 01:04:28,593
I e-mailed the journalist,
457
01:04:28,594 --> 01:04:30,769
who is in exile
in Hong Kong,
458
01:04:30,770 --> 01:04:33,467
and asked
if he could meet me.
459
01:04:33,468 --> 01:04:36,862
He agreed, but only if we meet in a hotel,
460
01:04:36,863 --> 01:04:39,344
because he didn't want
to reveal his address.
461
01:04:44,784 --> 01:04:47,700
PANG:
462
01:04:55,926 --> 01:04:58,275
Pang had extensive evidence.
463
01:04:58,276 --> 01:05:00,451
He and a colleague
had taken cameras
464
01:05:00,452 --> 01:05:03,715
to Hunan Province in 2010.
465
01:05:03,716 --> 01:05:07,240
The government had targeted
families in Longhui County,
466
01:05:07,241 --> 01:05:11,157
one of the poorest places
in all of China.
467
01:05:13,247 --> 01:05:14,509
WOMAN:
468
01:05:23,910 --> 01:05:26,043
MAN:
469
01:05:30,482 --> 01:05:33,092
MAN:
470
01:05:33,093 --> 01:05:35,008
ZHOU:
471
01:05:40,144 --> 01:05:41,710
MAN:
472
01:05:50,023 --> 01:05:51,851
MAN:
473
01:05:53,331 --> 01:05:55,072
MAN:
474
01:06:01,165 --> 01:06:03,732
MAN:
475
01:06:07,606 --> 01:06:09,477
YANG:
476
01:06:11,523 --> 01:06:12,784
MAN 1:
477
01:06:12,785 --> 01:06:16,049
MAN 2:
478
01:06:20,358 --> 01:06:21,620
MAN:
479
01:06:24,101 --> 01:06:26,625
PANG:
480
01:06:59,223 --> 01:07:02,747
Growing up, I saw signs
like this everywhere.
481
01:07:40,786 --> 01:07:42,962
NANFU:
482
01:08:00,806 --> 01:08:03,113
MAN:
483
01:08:04,984 --> 01:08:06,116
ZENG:
484
01:08:09,510 --> 01:08:10,771
Then he showed me footage
485
01:08:10,772 --> 01:08:12,904
of Zeng Shuangjie.
486
01:08:12,905 --> 01:08:14,950
He told me
that Zeng had a twin sister
487
01:08:14,951 --> 01:08:16,648
who was taken away
from the family.
488
01:08:18,737 --> 01:08:20,739
PANG:
489
01:08:35,232 --> 01:08:37,103
MAN:
490
01:09:12,269 --> 01:09:14,835
In Hong Kong, Pang wrote a book
491
01:09:14,836 --> 01:09:17,577
titledThe Orphans of Shao.
492
01:09:17,578 --> 01:09:20,754
He used the twin girl's picture on the cover.
493
01:09:20,755 --> 01:09:23,148
It couldn't be published
in China.
494
01:09:23,149 --> 01:09:25,237
An English version
was published
495
01:09:25,238 --> 01:09:28,981
with the help of a U.S.
nonprofit organization.
496
01:09:37,946 --> 01:09:41,819
Since Pang's report
was published in 2011,
497
01:09:41,820 --> 01:09:44,256
the situation of the families
in Shaoyang
498
01:09:44,257 --> 01:09:45,779
is basically the same.
499
01:09:45,780 --> 01:09:47,912
There has been
no accountability
500
01:09:47,913 --> 01:09:49,305
for the people responsible.
501
01:09:58,532 --> 01:10:01,621
FATHER:
502
01:10:01,622 --> 01:10:04,233
LAN:
503
01:10:04,234 --> 01:10:05,712
FATHER:
504
01:10:05,713 --> 01:10:07,150
Ah. Oh.
505
01:10:23,731 --> 01:10:25,864
ZENG:
506
01:11:49,077 --> 01:11:51,644
I told Lan the story
about my aunt
507
01:11:51,645 --> 01:11:53,342
and my missing cousin.
508
01:11:53,343 --> 01:11:55,606
She said
she might be able to help.
509
01:12:41,652 --> 01:12:42,870
Ah.
510
01:13:10,463 --> 01:13:13,030
After meeting with my aunt,
511
01:13:13,031 --> 01:13:14,771
Lan kept traveling
around China,
512
01:13:14,772 --> 01:13:17,295
gathering DNA from families
513
01:13:17,296 --> 01:13:20,516
to test for matches
with children abroad.
514
01:13:20,517 --> 01:13:23,258
One thing that struck me
was that everyone we spoke to
515
01:13:23,259 --> 01:13:25,782
said the same things
about the policy.
516
01:13:43,975 --> 01:13:45,976
As I heard the answer
517
01:13:45,977 --> 01:13:48,631
again and again,
"I had no choice",
518
01:13:48,632 --> 01:13:53,113
I realized that you could ask
anyone in any part of China
519
01:13:53,114 --> 01:13:56,291
about how the One-Child Policy
affected them,
520
01:13:56,292 --> 01:13:59,598
and all of them would say
the same thing.
521
01:14:04,430 --> 01:14:05,735
I was so angry,
522
01:14:05,736 --> 01:14:07,606
even with my own family,
523
01:14:07,607 --> 01:14:11,523
that there wasn't more
to be said or done.
524
01:14:11,524 --> 01:14:14,831
There was such a shared sense
of helplessness.
525
01:14:14,832 --> 01:14:18,443
It reminded me,
when every major life decision
526
01:14:18,444 --> 01:14:20,967
is made for you,
for all your life,
527
01:14:20,968 --> 01:14:24,841
it's hard to feel responsible
for the consequences.
528
01:14:31,979 --> 01:14:35,330
Long Lan and Brian started
testing the DNA samples
529
01:14:35,331 --> 01:14:37,897
she brought back
from China.
530
01:14:37,898 --> 01:14:41,466
They didn't find my cousin,
but they did discover a match,
531
01:14:41,467 --> 01:14:43,903
a girl in the United States
532
01:14:43,904 --> 01:14:47,299
who is a DNA match
to a family in China.
533
01:14:52,173 --> 01:14:56,002
This is the list
of all the DNA that we've got.
534
01:14:56,003 --> 01:14:59,658
All of it comes
into GEDMatch Genesis database.
535
01:14:59,659 --> 01:15:02,052
So that--
And that's a free database
536
01:15:02,053 --> 01:15:05,534
that allows us then
to compare our DNA
537
01:15:05,535 --> 01:15:08,580
with all the DNA
in the database.
538
01:15:08,581 --> 01:15:10,800
I was going through,
Lan was doing some work,
539
01:15:10,801 --> 01:15:13,672
I was just going through.
I go through each of the matches
540
01:15:13,673 --> 01:15:16,588
to see if there was any
that were close matches,
541
01:15:16,589 --> 01:15:18,460
and we got to one
of the birth families
542
01:15:18,461 --> 01:15:20,375
and it matched to a girl.
543
01:15:20,376 --> 01:15:23,639
And, of course, I immediately
reached out to the adoptee,
544
01:15:23,640 --> 01:15:26,729
sent her an e-mail
and let her know that, you know,
545
01:15:26,730 --> 01:15:29,253
if she wanted more information,
she could write us.
546
01:15:29,254 --> 01:15:31,081
And then she wrote back
and said,
547
01:15:31,082 --> 01:15:32,778
"Thank you
for reaching out to me.
548
01:15:32,779 --> 01:15:34,693
"At this moment,
I do not want information
549
01:15:34,694 --> 01:15:36,216
"regarding my birth family.
550
01:15:36,217 --> 01:15:38,131
I'm not really interested
at this time."
551
01:15:38,132 --> 01:15:40,960
NANFU:
552
01:16:10,513 --> 01:16:13,428
Lan told me
that it's actually very common
553
01:16:13,429 --> 01:16:15,647
that adoptees
do not want to contact
554
01:16:15,648 --> 01:16:18,302
their birth families.
555
01:16:18,303 --> 01:16:22,915
This also included the children she located from Hunan Province
556
01:16:22,916 --> 01:16:25,091
who were kidnapped
and sent to orphanages
557
01:16:25,092 --> 01:16:26,310
by the government.
558
01:16:26,311 --> 01:16:27,834
LAN:
559
01:18:05,497 --> 01:18:06,933
Okay.
560
01:18:16,508 --> 01:18:17,944
Mm.
561
01:18:25,691 --> 01:18:27,475
Um...
562
01:18:50,760 --> 01:18:52,674
After leaving Utah,
563
01:18:52,675 --> 01:18:57,113
I decided to take another trip
to China with my son.
564
01:18:57,114 --> 01:18:59,332
I wanted to follow up
with the twin girl
565
01:18:59,333 --> 01:19:01,378
whose sister is in America.
566
01:19:01,379 --> 01:19:04,600
I brought the book written by the journalist in Hong Kong.
567
01:19:06,819 --> 01:19:10,953
While there was no DNA match
for Zeng and her twin sister,
568
01:19:10,954 --> 01:19:13,433
her story
had already been made public.
569
01:19:13,434 --> 01:19:16,741
An American journalist
located her twin sister
570
01:19:16,742 --> 01:19:18,744
in the United States.
571
01:19:39,678 --> 01:19:42,071
NANFU:
572
01:19:42,072 --> 01:19:45,728
ZENG:
573
01:19:47,207 --> 01:19:48,860
PANG:
574
01:19:48,861 --> 01:19:50,427
ZENG:
575
01:19:50,428 --> 01:19:51,733
PANG:
576
01:19:51,734 --> 01:19:53,735
PANG:
577
01:19:53,736 --> 01:19:54,867
ZENG:
578
01:20:29,336 --> 01:20:33,078
While the American family did not want to be interviewed,
579
01:20:33,079 --> 01:20:35,691
Zeng and her twin sister connected through social media.
580
01:20:37,562 --> 01:20:39,303
ZENG:
581
01:20:58,714 --> 01:21:01,151
NANFU:
582
01:21:05,111 --> 01:21:06,373
NANFU:
583
01:21:14,947 --> 01:21:16,819
NANFU:
584
01:21:18,516 --> 01:21:19,691
Mm.
585
01:21:26,219 --> 01:21:28,351
Mm...
586
01:21:28,352 --> 01:21:30,267
NANFU:
587
01:21:35,185 --> 01:21:36,490
Mm.
588
01:21:46,196 --> 01:21:47,675
NANFU:
589
01:21:49,068 --> 01:21:50,417
NANFU:
590
01:21:56,336 --> 01:21:57,597
NANFU:
591
01:22:03,735 --> 01:22:05,215
NANFU:
592
01:22:09,436 --> 01:22:10,916
Mm.
593
01:22:14,441 --> 01:22:16,617
NANFU:
594
01:22:49,868 --> 01:22:51,564
Many years ago,
595
01:22:51,565 --> 01:22:54,830
I felt embarrassed
for having a brother.
596
01:22:57,006 --> 01:22:58,397
But now I feel lucky
597
01:22:58,398 --> 01:23:00,096
that I had someone
to grow up with.
598
01:23:01,967 --> 01:23:05,361
I want my son
to have a sibling like I did,
599
01:23:05,362 --> 01:23:09,104
but I want that decision
to be my own.
600
01:23:09,105 --> 01:23:12,324
I'm struck by the irony
that I left a country
601
01:23:12,325 --> 01:23:14,849
where the government
forced women to abort,
602
01:23:14,850 --> 01:23:17,155
and I moved
to another country
603
01:23:17,156 --> 01:23:21,159
where governments
restrict abortions.
604
01:23:21,160 --> 01:23:24,162
On the surface,
they seem like opposites,
605
01:23:24,163 --> 01:23:27,339
but both are about
taking away women's control
606
01:23:27,340 --> 01:23:29,560
of their own bodies.
607
01:23:39,483 --> 01:23:44,487
The One-Child Policy lasted
for 35 years.
608
01:23:44,488 --> 01:23:47,142
Now there aren't enough
young people in China
609
01:23:47,143 --> 01:23:49,885
to work and care
for the elderly.
610
01:23:51,843 --> 01:23:56,369
So China is introducing
a new family planning policy.
611
01:24:12,211 --> 01:24:14,256
The signs painted
all over my village
612
01:24:14,257 --> 01:24:15,388
have been changed.
613
01:24:18,000 --> 01:24:20,479
Every trace
of the One-Child Policy
614
01:24:20,480 --> 01:24:22,091
is being erased.
615
01:24:27,139 --> 01:24:29,533
WOMEN:
616
01:24:41,240 --> 01:24:44,155
But the memory
of what the policy really was
617
01:24:44,156 --> 01:24:46,419
survives in the minds
of people who lived it.
618
01:24:47,812 --> 01:24:49,247
If these memories
619
01:24:49,248 --> 01:24:51,597
of the One-Child Policy
fade away,
620
01:24:51,598 --> 01:24:54,993
the only thing left
will be propaganda.
621
01:25:06,309 --> 01:25:09,790
ALL:
40107
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.