All language subtitles for One Way Astronaut (2013).eng

Every rock that you
pick up you are the first

human ever to pick up that rock you're the
first one to turn it around to look under

the rock and you just
never know what you're

going to find five cargo missions, two life
support units, two living units and another

supply unit and finally
in 2022 the humans

will leave earth arriving
on mars april 2023.

I think it's important
that I don't lose my

dream or my title and
that I will be able to

be a part of the ecosystem.
I've always always wanted to go to space.

If you can make one
billion per week just by

having a large audience
in the entire world

then suddenly six
billion doesn't sound like

so much money anymore.
There is nothing that

would make me want to
pass up this opportunity.

We have received more
than 10,000 emails from

all over the world.
They know that it's going

to be a mission of
permanent settlement a

one-way mission.

I think that's it.

In 2023 four astronauts
will land on mars to

settle a colony. Two years
later four more will follow.

In the years after that at least 40
astronauts will be living on mars none

of them will ever
return to earth.

Eventually they will die there
some 33 million miles from home.

The concept sounds bizarre scientists
are divided about the feasibility but some

are clear about their
desire. Oh absolutely

yes I mean if I was
given the opportunity of

going to mars I would
go I wouldn't hesitate

for a second and the
opportunity to see an

entirely different planet
from the earth would

be just amazing it
would be the absolutely

most amazing thing that one could consider
doing it would be incredible. What would be

the consequences of such an
operation legally for example?

We don't quite yet
have the understanding

to work out what law
would apply for example

on mars itself we
need to try to work that

out what law would
apply and what laws would

apply between these
people the technology

moves very quickly the
problem is the law doesn't

keep up the law is
always struggling behind

and sometimes you
have to sit back and think

well what are the legal
issues here and how

do we regulate it and
that becomes an interesting

challenge and therefore
that's something that

I'm very interested in. Mars
One has many followers

aspiring astronauts
who claim to be willing

to give up everything on
earth for the ultimate adventure.

Humans going to mars and not just
visiting but establishing a settlement on

mars is it's huge it's
mind-bogglingly huge.

[MUSIC PLAYING]

[SPEAKING GERMAN]

That's one small step for man,
one giant leap for mankind.

[SPEAKING GERMAN]

[SPEAKING GERMAN]

[SPEAKING GERMAN]

[SPEAKING GERMAN]

[SPEAKING GERMAN]

[MUSIC PLAYING]

It's January 31, 2013.

Bas Lantzdorp, the founder
of Mars One, writes this email.

"Mars One would like
to receive feedback from

those of you who are
considering to apply.

We are most interested to hear
why you would like to go to Mars.

" He adds all the visitors from the Mars
One website and hits the Send button.

Then it all starts.

Mails start streaming in.

And we started getting replies.

And in the beginning, we got
more than five, six emails per minute.

Many people claim to have a
deeply rooted desire to go to Mars.

Many say they want to help mankind move on.

From the US, from Russia,
from Brazil, from Iran, from Egypt,

from Japan, from China,
literally from all over the world.

Well, we even get applications from Syria.

That's, of course, bizarre with the
situation that's going on in the country.

But even there, people
have heard about this plan

and find it so motivating that they

send us an email to tell us
that they want to go to Mars.

Within weeks, the counter passes 10,000--

10,000 people that seem to be determined to
give up everything on Earth to go to Mars

and eventually die there,
33 million miles from home.

Together with a group of
co-founders, Landstorp travels

through America to select
equipment for the mission.

The leading companies
in the commercial space

industry are based in
California and Arizona.

The budget for the mission
is estimated at $6 billion.

After we start the astronaut
selection procedure,

amounts of applicants
will convince quite a few

broadcasters to contact us about
broadcasting the selection procedure in 2014.

And we're hoping that between 10 and
20 broadcasters will pick it up initially.

That would really be a good success.

After that, they will air more
frequently as the launch date approaches.

As far as Mars One is concerned, this
has to be the biggest media spectacle ever.

Landstorp is in the US to
speak with his suppliers--

which rocket, which suits,
what kind of habitat, and so on.

He is shopping for a
mission which, if it is

executed, will turn
the world upside down.

Journalists call him around the clock.

Actually, I wanted to go myself
when I came up with this idea.

And the only reason that I'm not going

is that I don't have
exactly the right personality.

You need a very calm
person, a very patient person.

And I am more the enthusiastic
entrepreneur who's not patient at all.

That's why I get things done.

Bas Landstorp, 35, has a
background in mechanical engineering.

He's extremely motivated.

And he's prepared to make big sacrifices.

As far as he's concerned,
he has to succeed.

For thousands of years,
people have looked at the sky.

And they've seen Mars in the sky.

It has been a god.

It has been an omen for
good fortune or bad fortune.

And we, at this moment, live in a time
where we can actually go to this place.

And we are already there with rovers.

But we can actually go there now.

Humans can go there and
explore the place that has been

in the imagination of humans
for more than 1,000 years.

That's going to be really inspiring.

NASA also examines the possibility of a
mission to Mars with one key difference.

In their concept, astronauts are
expected to return safely back to Earth.

To ensure this, a second
rocket needs to be constructed

and launched from Mars
itself for the return trip.

This is technically almost
impossible and extremely costly.

The reason that we've not gone to Mars yet
is that space agencies are unwilling to do

this in a one-way mission, so in
a permanent settlement mission.

And if you don't accept
that humans will stay on Mars,

then at the moment it's simply
impossible with existing technology.

So Landstorp has omitted
this component from his plan.

In his concept, the astronauts
won't return after landing,

but stay on Mars to
begin a human settlement.

The technology for this already exists.

Landstorp plan is easier to
execute, but much more controversial.

[MUSIC PLAYING]

Stefan Guenther is 44.

He's from a town close to Berlin.

Stefan is a pilot and developed
software for the aerospace industry.

He works in Berlin, Benidorm, and Florida.

He has always dreamt of being an astronaut.

[MUSIC PLAYING]

[NON-ENGLISH SPEECH]

Stefan has a wife and three children.

[MUSIC PLAYING]

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Beatrice Rorice is 21.

She lives in Rio de Janeiro, and
she is studying anthropology.

Already she is prepared to adapt
her life to her future on Mars.

[NON-ENGLISH SPEECH]

[NON-ENGLISH SPEECH]

Her parents want to support their daughter,
but her mother is devastated by the idea.

[NON-ENGLISH SPEECH]

[NON-ENGLISH SPEECH]

[MUSIC PLAYING]

Henri Jacquemine is 32.

He is originally Congolese,
but lives in Brussels.

Henri has two children, a
two-year-old and a five-year-old.

They are so young that he
hasn't told them about his plans.

[NON-ENGLISH SPEECH]

[NON-ENGLISH SPEECH]

Many astronauts make the comparison
to explorers from ancient times.

Back then, they argue, uncertainty
also played a key role in the mission.

Henri visits the Euro Space
Center in the south of Belgium.

[NON-ENGLISH SPEECH]

"

Sara, director, is 24.

She is from Philadelphia.

Being an astronaut
was actually the first

thing I ever wanted to
be when I was like four.

And there have been all these times in my
life where it sort of looked not possible.

I mean, it's really hard to be an astronaut
just because there are so few of them.

So it sort of became one
of those things that's always

been in the back of my mind,
where if I ever had the chance

to be an astronaut, I would
drop everything and do it.

The chance never came up until now.

And now maybe there is a chance.

Maybe there isn't.

But I have to try.

Sara has two passions, art and science.

She has a degree in biology.

The one who pointed out the
project to her was her father.

We've always encouraged Sara to
make choices, to think about why and how.

So maybe it's not going
to happen in 10 years.

Everything gets delayed.

10 years is a very aggressive
time frame to do it.

But if it happens in
15 years, if it takes 20

years, it's still, in my
eyes, it's a great idea.

And it's the right way to approach it.

Instead of making a job
unnecessarily difficult--

in this case, the traditional approach is
send somebody out, bring them back--

let's think of something that's a little
different outside the usual constraints.

My mom has a friend who she works with.

She's been telling everyone about
my hopes to go to Mars someday.

And so this friend of hers, he
collects shards of meteorites.

And he had one that
presumably fell from Mars.

I guess they analyzed
the chemical composition.

I'm not totally sure how they
deal with recovered meteorites.

So he had one from
Mars, and he gave it to me.

So the joke is that someday,
if I ever end up going to Mars,

I will bring it with me and return
it to its home, this little tiny shard.

So that would be one thing I'd bring.

And other than that, probably I'd
definitely have to bring a scrapbook.

My favorite photos of the
people I'd be saying goodbye to.

Other than that, I really
can't think of much.

Maybe some childhood mementos or something.

But I feel like the difference
between living here

and living in a habitat
on Mars is so enormous.

And you can't really disguise
that difference by bringing stuff.

So I don't think any
amount of stuff from Earth

could make Mars feel like
home, as though it was your home.

The point is you need to make
it your home, your new home.

So I probably wouldn't bring a
whole lot with me, I don't think.

If you would have had the chance when you
were-- if you were 18 now, you would just--

No question in my mind.

I'd be first in line.

Mars and the Earth
orbit the sun at different

speeds, illustrated in
the schematic chart.

The journey to Mars can only
be made once every 26 months

when the Earth and Mars are closest
together, the so-called launch window.

At that moment, the distance
will be around 56 million

kilometers, or a bit more
than 33 million miles.

After that, it will be another 26 months

before the next opportunity
to travel from Earth to Mars.

[MUSIC PLAYING]

Lonstorp and his team are visiting Paragon.

Paragon manufactures space suits and
life support systems for crew capsules.

Confronted with the approach of Mars One,

they will have to develop a new suit
adapted to the Martian environment.

For this mission in particular,
because it's a one-way

trip, and they're going
to go down, and they're

going to stay and build
upon the initial missions,

you have to design a suit
system that's very robust

and reliable, a suit that can be maintained
in the field by the people using it.

And that's very different
than suit systems to date.

The suits that people are aware of when

you see the astronauts at
the International Space Station,

they're very much
resupplied and refurbished

by being-- because
it's so close to the Earth,

they're able to resupply and refurbish,
bring them back down for refurbishment.

When the shuttle was still
flying, they could do that.

So these suits are very different.

They're going to go one-way
trip, just like the astronauts.

And they have to be able to
be maintained by those folks.

This means the suits need
to be designed in such a way

that the astronauts can
maintain them on their own.

So the challenges there are it starts

with the design of the suit and the major
components and subsystems that go into it.

You have to design for
commonality amongst parts.

It sounds trivial, but if
you use 10 different types

of fasteners to hold things
together, that's then a set

of 10 different spare parts
you've had to effect repairs.

And instead, if you
can get by, say, one

fastener type, you've
reduced your parts count.

So it's a pronounced challenge that
anyone needs to recognize who to take on.

[MUSIC PLAYING]

The concept is that the astronauts

will grow their own food
to become self-sustainable.

This has been done before
here at Biosphere 2 in Arizona.

This is the largest enclosed ecosystem
in the world, like a large greenhouse.

Not for profit, but for research purposes.

13 square kilometers of desert, ocean,
mangroves, a savanna, and even a jungle.

Taber McCallum is one of the founders.

Together with seven other
scientists, he has spent two

years in complete isolation
inside the Biosphere 2.

Living with a small crew
in an isolated environment

isn't something that I think
we're naturally wired to do,

at least not in Western cultures.

Some Eastern cultures, I
think, are more apt at that.

So it's something that the
crew has to learn how to do.

It's a personal issue.

It's your own personal
psychology and demons

that find their way to
the surface over time.

It's sort of like a monastic experience.

People go into monasteries.

The goal, to find out if people can

survive in an enclosed
ecosystem on another planet.

Well, you need a very
redundant, very reliable life support

system, because going to
Mars, there's no turning back.

And so reliability is probably
one of the major issues

that hasn't really yet
been fully demonstrated.

Many aspects of going to Mars have

been demonstrated, like the
navigation and the spacecraft.

But the life support system is
still something we have to work on.

So this is all basically new technology.

The technologies aren't new.

They just haven't been made reliable.

And for the kinds of durations we're

talking about, keeping somebody alive for
the rest of their life is a real challenge.

The air eventually will be
from plants, just like on Earth.

In the beginning, we'll use
physical chemical methods

to regenerate the air,
ones that are easy to send

to Mars while we burrow
out the rest of the colony.

This could grow and take
up excess CO2 or give up CO2.

Growing food on Mars, for
example, means you need energy.

But you also need the pressurized
volume to grow the food in.

So you want plants that are
very efficient at using the energy.

But you also want plants
that can produce a lot

of food for a very small
volume, because making

those pressurized environments
is in itself very difficult to do.

It took us, for example,
four months to make a pizza.

We had goats in the biosphere.

So they gave us milk.

We would plant the
wheat, and grow the wheat,

and harvest the wheat,
and turn that into dough,

and then put cheese on the pizza.

But it took a long time to make it.

The first Martian pizza
is going to be cool.

Do you think it's going to be a pepperoni?

Well, getting the pork for
pepperoni may take a while.

But a nice cheese pizza with mushrooms
is probably going to be the first one.

Independent, intelligent, a
team player who is employable

anywhere, mentally strong,
and works well in isolation.

Those are the most important qualifications

for which the aspiring
astronauts will be selected.

Norbert Kraft is a
physician responsible for

rolling out the medical
program for Mars One.

Altogether, the training
will take eight years.

The key part of the
training is the practical part,

where astronauts are locked up in a closed
environment for several months in a row.

After they are selected, we
will put them into habitats

which, as close as possible,
simulate the Mars habitats.

And that they have to
experience by themselves.

And they really know if
they can endure it or not.

Because if you don't experience
by yourself, how do you know?

You can say, yes, ahead of time, I can.

And then you are inside.

And you say, no, I can't anymore.

Four candidates will be
selected for the first tour to Mars.

The success of the entire project
will depend on these four individuals.

That is why Kraft needs to
know everything about them.

We have to train them and observe them

for at least five to
10 years, really, to

work with them and see
who are the best ones.

To survive on their own,
the astronauts will have to

learn quite a few new
skills, according to Mars One.

Physical and electrical
repairs to the settlement

structures, cultivating
crops in confined spaces,

and addressing both routine
and serious medical issues,

such as dental upkeep,
muscle tears, and bone fractures.

[MUSIC PLAYING]

The soil on the island of
Lanzarote, off the coast of

Africa, is in many regards
similar to that on Mars.

Professor Ian Crawford
and Professor Hilary

Downs, both planetary
scientists, are here

on a field trip with their
students to study the soil.

A mission to Mars has many risks.

If threats like radiation, weightlessness,

and toxic dust can be overcome,
the scientists believe it can succeed.

But are the risks the
astronauts are taking acceptable?

There is radiation.

There is a possibility of
inhaling chemical dust.

We would consider those risks, and we

would find a way to reduce
the risk as much as possible.

But you cannot reduce risk completely.

One of the biggest risks on
Mars are the so-called solar flares.

From time to time, the
sun ejects massive doses

of radiation in the
form of gigantic flares.

Because of the thin
atmosphere surrounding Mars,

humans would not
be able to survive this

radiation, unless there
is sufficient protection.

Professor Ian Crawford says that
lava tubes can offer this protection.

Pictures taken on Mars show
that there are many lava tubes.

We're in the Monte Corona
lava tube on Lanzarote,

and this is one of the world's
largest preserved lava tubes.

Lava tubes form by lava flowing
downhill from a volcano behind us.

And then the lava flow has cooled at
its surface and developed a sort of crust.

And then the lava has
continued flowing under this crust.

And gradually, the crust has got thicker,
and other lava flows have gone on top.

And then the lava inside has drained
away, leaving this long lava tube.

It's essentially a long cave underground.

Lava tubes are potentially
very valuable for astronauts,

because the astronauts inside would be
protected from the surface environment.

And in particular, they'd be protected

from cosmic rays and from radiation
from the sun, solar flare events.

Cosmic rays and solar flares only
penetrate a meter or so of solid rock.

So down here in a lava tube, where

we've got several meters
of solid rock above us,

we would be protected from
the radiation environment outside.

Also, the thermal environment
is much more stable.

So instead of having big
extremes of temperature

between day and night, down in a lava
tube, the temperature will be constant.

And that's also easier from
an engineering point of view,

because you don't have
to worry about materials

expanding and contracting every
day as the temperature changes.

Setting up a habitat in a lava tube

would offer protection
against those external hazards.

But in addition to all of
that, certainly on Mars,

if the aim is to search
for life on Mars, then we

already know the surface
of Mars is very hostile to life.

But we know these lava tubes exist.

And inside a lava tube, their conditions

are much less extreme.

So for exactly the same reason that humans

might want to establish
a base in a lava tube,

any life on Mars near
the surface of Mars

may have migrated into
lava tubes to seek protection

from the external environment.

So in the context, not
only would lava tubes

be great places to set up
a base or a colony, they'd

also be very important
places to explore scientifically.

If you're looking for
evidence of life on Mars,

then lava tubes are a better
prospect than the red, dusty soil

that we see at the surface.

If I can be someone who
is really into the science

part, but also is good at
the more human aspects

that people will need
to not go crazy on Mars,

maybe I'll make the first cave
paintings in our habitat on Mars.

[MUSIC PLAYING]

[NON-ENGLISH SPEECH]

[MUSIC PLAYING]

But what if he regrets
this later, alone on Mars?

[MUSIC PLAYING]

[NON-ENGLISH SPEECH]

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Even though Crawford and Downs think that
a time frame of 10 years is too optimistic,

they believe in the principles
of projects like Mars One.

Governments face too many
moral and political limitations.

When the Americans
sent the Apollo astronauts

to the moon in the
late 1960s and early

1970s, when that project
was-- when it ceased,

when the funding was
pulled from the Apollo project,

I don't think anybody at that
time thought that no other

person would ever walk on
the moon for the next 40 years.

And so far, no person
has been back to the moon.

And that's what happens.

You're at the mercy of budget cuts.

You're at the mercy of a
new government coming in

and saying, oh, well, it's much
more important to do something else.

And so it's a private
company with one or two

driven individuals who
are determined to do this.

That actually might work far better
than a government-funded agency.

But the consequences
are almost incalculable.

Mars One has chosen for a one-way
mission for technical and business reasons.

That the astronauts will live on
Mars is a collateral result of this.

But this is what changes
the perspective entirely.

Imagine that the plan is actually
executed maybe in 20 years instead of 10.

A new community will be created on Mars.

What are the ethical
considerations of this?

What are the legal considerations?

What law is applicable in space?

Steven Freeland from the University of
Western Sydney is a specialist in space law.

If this goes ahead, we're looking
at the beginnings of what you might

think of as a colonization
of a part of outer space.

Now, obviously in a very small
way and obviously a long way

away, but one of the fundamental
principles about space is--

and this is really important
because even when the United

States and the Soviet Union
were at the height of the Cold

War when the space race
began, and they were certainly

looking at each other as
belligerents, they both recognized

almost straightaway that
neither of them could own space.

Neither of them could colonize space.

And indeed, the treaties make that clear.

And the reason we have
that idea that nobody can

colonize space is that
it's a protection for us.

It's a safety valve to
ensure that we don't

start having wars
about resources in space.

So fundamental rule, space in
a sense belongs to everybody.

No one country, no individuals
can appropriate it for themselves.

OK, now we're talking
about settlements in space.

We're talking about people taking a part
of land, if that's the right expression.

We're talking about
people living off that land,

so exploiting, let's say,
if there are any water

resources or whatever.

We're beginning to talk
about notions of colonization.

I understand in a very
small way at the beginning.

But this sort of experiment is a precursor
for other sorts of things, no doubt.

You know, if this works, then others

would be looking at
doing things maybe on the

moon, maybe in other
parts of outer space.

As we do different things in
space, we begin to challenge

more and more some of
the fundamental rules that

have been extremely important
in the way we've regulated space.

Now, of course, law changes.

Law changes in a whole range
of ways, not just with space,

but in every area of international
law that I deal with, the law changes.

And so maybe the law needs to change here.

All I'm saying is before we change

some of these fundamental
rules that have served us very well,

we have to be absolutely
clear that we understand

why we're doing it and what the
consequences and the possible risks are.

We need to try to work out
what law applies to these people.

What are the legal rules?

What is their legal status?

At the moment, under the legal framework,

we can work out what law
applies while they're in the vehicle.

That will depend on essentially
which country has registered the vehicle.

So we know, let's say the vehicle
is registered by the United States.

There's a UN system of registration.

Then, by and large, US law would apply

whilst they're in the space
vehicle on their way to Mars.

But the registration system doesn't yet

provide for what law is to
apply once they reach Mars.

So we need to work out that law.

And if these people are going to be there
forever, presumably they may get married.

They may have children.

They may kill each other.

We need to understand a framework for law.

And we need to set that out.

At some point, it's
important for us to work out,

well, maybe we need to create
new laws to deal with that specifically.

Because the local circumstances on Mars

may mean that you need
a different type of law.

It's a really complex issue.

It's philosophical.

If you're creating a legal system
for a new sort of environment,

you have the opportunity, but also the
responsibility, to work out what makes sense.

How do we allow this to develop?

I'm really interested in society,

so that we can learn more
about the constitution of society.

And to be able to accompany
the creation of my society

from the beginning has
been the final of my life.

To be able to accompany
it here and at all times.

That's also my passion,
and that's my mission.

All of the things that we
just have to do all the time.

Where even complaining about the
government, as everyone inevitably does.

If I got picked to go on this project,

I would be part of
establishing a new government.

I guess having it sink in that
there are so many things that

just won't apply to me anymore, I
think it would probably be bittersweet.

Because there are a lot
of things that I'd miss,

but there are a lot
of things that I really

won't miss at all.

Everybody gets to choose
how to spend their lives.

Or at least everybody should be so
lucky to choose how to spend their lives.

Most people-- look,
most of us are on plan B.

We start out with plans.

We do something.

But life gets in the way.

And things happen, and we cope with that.

And that's how we wind up on
whatever path we wind up on in life.

So to be able to actually
make a choice about

your path in life,
that's a wonderful thing.

We should all be able to do that.

I'm hoping that she
really can make that choice.

Emily, if it actually came
to that and she said,

I actually have this
opportunity, and it's me,

or it's somebody else, but
I've been offered, go for it.

Go for it.

She would be achieving
something that I only dreamed of.

Whatever one may think
about the Mars One plan,

it can't be denied that it has inspired
many people around the world.

The sheer number of
applicants is phenomenal.

We received more than 78,000 applications.

So that's really amazing.

[SPEAKING GERMAN]

Given the choice, I would die on Mars,

because I would have had one of the most
incredible experiences of any scientist.

It's just unbelievable the thought
that you could go and work on Mars,

and if you didn't come
back, well, that's the way it is.

That's life.

[MUSIC PLAYING]

[SPEAKING GERMAN]

[SPEAKING GERMAN]

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