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{\an7}Narrator: SEPTEMBER 11, 2001,
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{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hA DAY REMEMBERED
FOR THE WORST TERRORIST ATROCITY
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{\an7}IN LIVING MEMORY.
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{\an7}\h\h\hHIJACKERS FLY PLANES INTO
THE WORLD TRADE CENTER TOWERS.
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{\an7}BEFORE THE DAY IS OVER,
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00:00:14,982 --> 00:00:18,219
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTWO QUESTIONS
RING OUT AROUND THE WORLD--
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{\an7}WHO WAS RESPONSIBLE,
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{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND WHY DID
THESE TWO HUGE BUILDINGS
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00:00:21,889 --> 00:00:24,125
{\an7}COLLAPSE THE WAY THEY DID?
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00:00:28,428 --> 00:00:31,131
{\an7}\hTHE FIRST QUESTION
HAS LONG BEEN SOLVED,
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00:00:31,164 --> 00:00:35,101
{\an7}\h\hBUT THE SECOND
REFUSES TO GO AWAY.
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00:00:35,135 --> 00:00:38,472
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBUILT TO SURVIVE
A DIRECT IMPACT BY AN AIRLINER,
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00:00:38,505 --> 00:00:40,874
{\an7}COULD OFFICE FIRES REALLY CAUSE
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{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTWO OF THE WORLD’S
MOST SOPHISTICATED BUILDINGS
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{\an7}TO COLLAPSE?
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{\an7}Man: I’M JUST SHOCKED,
\h\h\h\h\h\hHORRIFIED.
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00:00:47,514 --> 00:00:50,317
{\an7}\h\h\h\hI SAY TO MYSELF,
"HOW COULD THIS HAPPEN?"
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{\an7}Narrator: THE OFFICIAL REPORT
\h\h\h\h\h\hINTO THE COLLAPSE
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00:00:52,452 --> 00:00:54,888
{\an7}LEAVES MANY UNSATISFIED.
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00:00:54,922 --> 00:00:59,560
{\an7}\h\h\hTHE QUESTION HAS SPAWNED
A THOUSAND CONSPIRACY THEORIES.
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{\an7}Man: MANY ARCHITECTS
\h\h\hAND ENGINEERS,
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00:01:01,395 --> 00:01:03,163
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTECHNICAL
AND BUILDING PROFESSIONALS,
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{\an7}HAVE FOUND EVIDENCE
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00:01:04,264 --> 00:01:07,534
{\an7}\h\h\h\hFOR EXPLOSIVE,
CONTROLLED DEMOLITION.
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00:01:07,568 --> 00:01:10,037
{\an7}Narrator: NOW A NEW THEORY
\h\hDEVELOPED INDEPENDENTLY
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{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBY TWO SCIENTISTS
ON EITHER SIDE OF THE ATLANTIC
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{\an7}DISCOVERS MISSING EVIDENCE
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{\an7}\hTHAT COULD SIGNAL THE END
TO THE CONSPIRACY THEORIES,
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{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hAN EXPLANATION FOUND
NOT IN THE FABRIC OF THE TOWERS,
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{\an7}BUT IN THE AIRPLANES THEMSELVES.
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{\an7}Man: THERE WAS A BOMB
\h\hIN THE BUILDING,
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{\an7}AND IT WAS JUST A MATTER OF TIME
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{\an7}BEFORE THE WHOLE THING BLEW UP
\h\h\hAND DOWN COME THE TOWERS.
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{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
BUILT IN THE EARLY 1970s,
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{\an7}AT THE TIME, THE TWIN TOWERS
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{\an7}WERE THE TALLEST BUILDINGS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THE WORLD.
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{\an7}BRASH, BOLD, AND ICONIC,
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{\an7}THEY WERE A MARVEL OF DESIGN
\h\h\h\h\h\hAND ARCHITECTURE,
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{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hA SYMBOL
OF AMERICA’S GLOBAL POWER.
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00:02:08,161 --> 00:02:10,597
{\an7}BUT THE REVOLUTIONARY STRUCTURES
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{\an7}\h\h\h\hWERE ABOUT MORE
THAN JUST THEIR LOOKS.
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{\an7}CONSTRUCTED FROM 200,000 TONS
\h\h\h\hOF REINFORCED STEEL,
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{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHEY WERE BUILT
TO WITHSTAND HURRICANES,
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00:02:19,039 --> 00:02:24,411
{\an7}AND EVEN A COLLISION
\h\h\hFROM A 707 JET.
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{\an7}\h\hYET WITHIN TWO HOURS
OF THE TERRORIST ATTACK,
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{\an7}BOTH HAD COLLAPSED.
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{\an7}TODAY ALL THAT REMAINS
\h\hOF THE TWIN TOWERS,
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{\an7}\h\hTHE MOST FAMOUS BUILDINGS
THAT ONCE STOOD IN NEW YORK,
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{\an7}ARE TWO GIANT FOOTPRINTS.
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{\an7}OF THE 2,700 VICTIMS NAMED HERE,
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{\an7}MOST DIED NOT WHEN THE PLANES
\h\h\h\h\h\hHIT THE BUILDING,
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00:02:55,842 --> 00:03:00,146
{\an7}BUT AS THE TOWERS COLLAPSED.
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{\an7}FOR MANY NEW YORKERS,
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00:03:01,682 --> 00:03:04,418
{\an7}\hTHE FREEDOM TOWER ACTS
AS A SYMBOL OF RESILIENCE
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{\an7}FOR A CITY THAT LOST SO MUCH,
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{\an7}\h\h\h\hAND FOR BOBBY McGUIRE,
A FIREFIGHTER FROM LONG ISLAND,
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{\an7}IT HAS A VERY SPECIAL
\h\h\h\hSIGNIFICANCE.
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{\an7}\h\hBobby McGuire: YOU KNOW, OUT
OF THE 343 FIREFIGHTERS WE LOST,
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{\an7}I LOST MANY, MANY FRIENDS,
\h\h\hAND I LOST MY NEPHEW.
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00:03:28,475 --> 00:03:31,845
{\an7}\hHE WAS A PROBY, WHICH MEANS
LESS THAN A YEAR ON THE JOB,
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00:03:31,878 --> 00:03:34,280
{\an7}AND IT WAS HIS VERY FIRST FIRE.
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{\an7}\h\h\h\hHIS UNIT WAS ONE
OF THE FIRST TO RESPOND,
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{\an7}AND HE WAS IN THE NORTH TOWER
\h\h\h\h\hWHEN IT COLLAPSED.
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00:03:42,322 --> 00:03:44,424
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hI GOTTA THINK
HE WAS PRETTY HIGH UP.
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{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
BOBBY ARRIVED ON THE SCENE
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{\an7}JUST AS THE SECOND TOWER
\h\h\h\hWAS COMING DOWN.
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{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMcGuire:
IT WAS COMPLETE CHAOS,
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{\an7}AND THEN YOU HAD THOUSANDS
\h\hAND THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE
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{\an7}RUNNING FOR THEIR LIVES
\h\hIN EVERY DIRECTION,
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00:04:00,707 --> 00:04:02,742
{\an7}NOT REALLY KNOWING WHERE TO GO.
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00:04:02,776 --> 00:04:05,946
{\an7}REPORTS OF MORE PLANES COMING IN
ADDED TO THE CONFUSION.
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{\an7}\h\hI’VE NEVER SEEN A BUILDING
COLLAPSE LIKE THAT BEFORE, NO.
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00:04:13,053 --> 00:04:15,322
{\an7}IT WAS LIKE A PANCAKE EFFECT.
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00:04:15,355 --> 00:04:17,824
{\an7}I DON’T REMEMBER HAVING
\hANY TYPE OF BUILDING,
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00:04:17,858 --> 00:04:20,294
{\an7}CERTAINLY NOTHING THAT SIZE,
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hCOLLAPSE.
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{\an7}\hNarrator: THE 110-STORY
WORLD TRADE CENTER TOWERS
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{\an7}WERE DESIGNED TO WITHSTAND
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{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE IMPACT
OF A COMMERCIAL JETLINER,
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00:04:32,472 --> 00:04:37,477
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hYET WITHIN TWO HOURS
OF THE ATTACKS, BOTH COLLAPSE,
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00:04:37,511 --> 00:04:42,816
{\an7}SO WHY DID THE TWIN TOWERS FAIL
SO DISASTROUSLY AND SO QUICKLY?
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00:04:48,321 --> 00:04:50,023
{\an7}UNDER PUBLIC PRESSURE,
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{\an7}THE U.S. GOVERNMENT COMMISSIONS
\h\hA $16 MILLION INVESTIGATION
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00:04:53,994 --> 00:04:57,164
{\an7}FROM THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE
OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY
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00:04:57,197 --> 00:04:58,498
{\an7}IN AN ATTEMPT TO EXPLAIN
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00:04:58,532 --> 00:05:02,403
{\an7}THE STRUCTURAL FAILURES
\h\h\h\hOF THE TOWERS.
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00:05:02,435 --> 00:05:04,804
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHEY EXAMINE
THE DEBRIS FROM THE DISASTER,
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00:05:04,838 --> 00:05:06,707
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hRUN HUNDREDS
OF COMPUTER SIMULATIONS,
88
00:05:06,740 --> 00:05:09,576
{\an7}AND CONDUCT EXTENSIVE LAB TESTS.
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00:05:12,045 --> 00:05:16,983
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hIN OCTOBER OF 2005,
THEY PUBLISH THEIR CONCLUSIONS.
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00:05:19,319 --> 00:05:20,787
{\an7}ACCORDING TO THE REPORT,
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00:05:20,821 --> 00:05:23,857
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHE BUILDINGS COLLAPSED
BECAUSE WHEN THE AIRCRAFTS HIT,
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00:05:23,890 --> 00:05:25,859
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE IMPACT
DISLODGED THE FIREPROOFING
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00:05:25,892 --> 00:05:29,195
{\an7}\h\h\hAROUND THE BUILDING’S
STRUCTURAL STEEL SKELETON.
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00:05:29,229 --> 00:05:30,931
{\an7}UNPROTECTED FROM THE FIRES,
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00:05:30,964 --> 00:05:35,235
{\an7}THE STEEL FRAME WEAKENED,
AND THE TOWERS COLLAPSED.
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00:05:35,268 --> 00:05:37,737
{\an7}Man: WE SAY HERE THE BUILDINGS
\h\h\hWOULD NOT HAVE COLLAPSED
97
00:05:37,771 --> 00:05:41,375
{\an7}\h\hUNDER THE EFFECTS OF THE
AIRPLANE IMPACT AND THE FUEL,
98
00:05:41,408 --> 00:05:43,977
{\an7}\hJET FUEL IGNITED
MULTI-FLOOR FIRES.
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00:05:44,010 --> 00:05:45,178
{\an7}THE REASON IT COLLAPSED
100
00:05:45,212 --> 00:05:47,881
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIS BECAUSE
THE FIREPROOFING WAS DISLODGED.
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00:05:47,914 --> 00:05:50,650
{\an7}Narrator: BUT THE NIST REPORT
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00:05:50,684 --> 00:05:52,920
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hIS RESTRICTED
TO FINDING AN EXPLANATION
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00:05:52,953 --> 00:05:55,856
{\an7}\h\hFOR THE COLLAPSE
OF THE STEEL SUPPORTS
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00:05:55,889 --> 00:05:57,924
{\an7}ON THE IMPACT FLOORS ALONE.
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00:05:57,958 --> 00:05:59,193
{\an7}IT DOES NOT DEAL WITH
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00:05:59,226 --> 00:06:03,530
{\an7}THE SUBSEQUENT DISINTEGRATION
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF THE TOWERS,
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00:06:03,563 --> 00:06:06,232
{\an7}AND THE DRAMATIC NATURE
\h\h\hOF THEIR COLLAPSE
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00:06:06,266 --> 00:06:09,970
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hBECOMES AN OBSESSION
FOR ONLINE CONSPIRACY WEBSITES.
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00:06:12,706 --> 00:06:16,276
{\an7}\hONE OF THE MOST PROMINENT AND
CONTROVERSIAL CONSPIRACY SITES
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00:06:16,309 --> 00:06:19,913
{\an7}IS ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS
\h\h\h\h\hFOR 9/11 TRUTH.
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00:06:19,946 --> 00:06:22,982
{\an7}ITS FOUNDER IS RICHARD GAGE.
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00:06:23,016 --> 00:06:26,987
{\an7}\h\h\hRichard Gage: WE NOW HAVE
2,200 ARCHITECTS AND ENGINEERS
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00:06:27,020 --> 00:06:28,889
{\an7}DEMANDING A NEW INVESTIGATION
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00:06:28,922 --> 00:06:32,058
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hOF WHAT HAPPENED AT
THE WORLD TRADE CENTER COMPLEX
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00:06:32,092 --> 00:06:33,427
{\an7}ON 9/11.
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00:06:35,028 --> 00:06:38,098
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
\hDESPITE GAGE’S OPINIONS
BEING OFFENSIVE TO MANY,
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00:06:38,131 --> 00:06:40,700
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hHE’S ATTEMPTING
TO GAIN MAINSTREAM ACCEPTABILITY
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00:06:40,734 --> 00:06:44,204
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hWITH A COMBINATION
OF PSEUDOSCIENCE AND CONJECTURE
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00:06:44,237 --> 00:06:45,672
{\an7}TO EXPLOIT WHAT MANY SEE
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00:06:45,705 --> 00:06:50,443
{\an7}AS A MAJOR SHORTCOMING
IN THE OFFICIAL REPORT.
121
00:06:50,477 --> 00:06:53,213
{\an7}Gage: THE OFFICIAL REPORT
\h\h\h\hDOES NOT ACCOUNT
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00:06:53,246 --> 00:06:57,817
{\an7}FOR THE HUNDREDS OF EYEWITNESS
\h\h\hTESTIMONY OF EXPLOSIONS.
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00:06:57,851 --> 00:07:00,220
{\an7}Jimmy Grillo: THERE WAS
A HEAVY-DUTY EXPLOSION.
124
00:07:00,253 --> 00:07:01,654
{\an7}\h\hTyrone Johnston:
THE THIRD EXPLOSION,
125
00:07:01,688 --> 00:07:03,323
{\an7}THE WHOLE LOBBY COLLAPSED ON US.
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00:07:03,356 --> 00:07:07,260
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: IN ALL,
OVER 118 NEW YORK FIREFIGHTERS
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00:07:07,294 --> 00:07:09,196
{\an7}CLAIM THEY HEARD EXPLOSIONS
128
00:07:09,229 --> 00:07:12,032
{\an7}JUST BEFORE THE COLLAPSE
\h\h\h\h\hOF BOTH TOWERS,
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00:07:12,065 --> 00:07:13,767
{\an7}YET THEIR TESTIMONY
\hIS NOT ADDRESSED
130
00:07:13,800 --> 00:07:16,336
{\an7}IN THE OFFICIAL REPORT.
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00:07:16,369 --> 00:07:18,404
{\an7}Gage: THIS EXPLOSIVE TESTIMONY
132
00:07:18,438 --> 00:07:22,542
{\an7}THAT WAS NOT RELEASED
UNTIL AUGUST OF 2005,
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00:07:22,575 --> 00:07:24,277
{\an7}IT WAS BEING HELD BY THE CITY,
134
00:07:24,311 --> 00:07:27,781
{\an7}BUT THE NEW YORK COURT STATE OF
APPEALS FORCED THE OVERTURNING.
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00:07:27,814 --> 00:07:30,116
{\an7}\h\h\hNarrator: FOR GAGE, THE
WITHHOLDING OF THIS TESTIMONY
136
00:07:30,150 --> 00:07:33,320
{\an7}\h\h\h\hIS NO OVERSIGHT,
IT’S PART OF A COVER-UP.
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00:07:33,353 --> 00:07:35,589
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hHE CLAIMS
THAT THE EXPLOSIONS ARE EVIDENCE
138
00:07:35,622 --> 00:07:39,126
{\an7}\hTHAT BEFORE THE AIRPLANES
WERE FLOWN INTO THE TOWERS,
139
00:07:39,159 --> 00:07:43,497
{\an7}\hBOMBS WERE PLANTED INSIDE,
GUARANTEEING THEIR COLLAPSE.
140
00:07:43,530 --> 00:07:45,565
{\an7}Gage: SO MANY ARCHITECTS
\h\h\h\h\hAND ENGINEERS,
141
00:07:45,598 --> 00:07:47,433
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTECHNICAL
AND BUILDING PROFESSIONALS,
142
00:07:47,467 --> 00:07:48,802
{\an7}HAVE FOUND EVIDENCE
143
00:07:48,835 --> 00:07:51,971
{\an7}\h\h\h\hFOR EXPLOSIVE,
CONTROLLED DEMOLITION.
144
00:07:52,005 --> 00:07:55,175
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
FOR THESE CONSPIRACY THEORISTS,
145
00:07:55,208 --> 00:07:56,710
{\an7}ONLY CONTROLLED DEMOLITIONS
146
00:07:56,743 --> 00:08:00,247
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hCOULD HAVE BROUGHT DOWN
THE TOWERS IN THE MANNER WE SEE.
147
00:08:00,280 --> 00:08:02,783
{\an7}\h\h\h\hGage: WHAT WE HAVE
IN THE WORLD TRADE CENTERS
148
00:08:02,816 --> 00:08:05,585
{\an7}IS MASSIVE EXPLOSIONS,
149
00:08:05,618 --> 00:08:08,754
{\an7}RECORDED BY FIRST RESPONDERS,
150
00:08:08,788 --> 00:08:11,291
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTRAVELING DOWN
THE SIDES OF THE BUILDING,
151
00:08:11,324 --> 00:08:14,661
{\an7}\h\h\hCOMPLETELY DESTROYING
THE STRUCTURAL STEEL FRAME
152
00:08:14,694 --> 00:08:17,564
{\an7}IN 12 SECONDS.
153
00:08:19,332 --> 00:08:22,602
{\an7}Narrator: GAGE’S CLAIMS
ARE HIGHLY IMPLAUSIBLE.
154
00:08:22,635 --> 00:08:25,905
{\an7}AFTER THE TERRORIST ATTACK
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN 1993,
155
00:08:25,939 --> 00:08:27,040
{\an7}THE WORLD TRADE CENTER TOWERS
156
00:08:27,073 --> 00:08:31,377
{\an7}WERE AMONG THE MOST SECURE
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN NEW YORK.
157
00:08:31,411 --> 00:08:33,346
{\an7}IF GAGE WAS RIGHT,
158
00:08:33,380 --> 00:08:36,817
{\an7}\h\h\hEXPLOSIVES WOULD HAVE HAD
TO BE SMUGGLED INTO BOTH TOWERS
159
00:08:36,850 --> 00:08:41,088
{\an7}\hAND THEIR DETONATION
PRECISELY COORDINATED.
160
00:08:41,121 --> 00:08:44,257
{\an7}FOR MANY OF THOSE DIRECTLY
\hAFFECTED BY THE DISASTER,
161
00:08:44,290 --> 00:08:48,261
{\an7}CLAIMS OF GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT
ARE DEEPLY OFFENSIVE.
162
00:08:50,230 --> 00:08:52,299
{\an7}McGuire: WE’VE ALL HEARD
THE CONSPIRACY THEORIES,
163
00:08:52,332 --> 00:08:53,934
{\an7}AND TO BE HONEST WITH YOU,
164
00:08:53,967 --> 00:08:55,735
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hI DON’T KNOW
OF ONE SINGLE FIREFIGHTER
165
00:08:55,769 --> 00:08:58,138
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHAT PUTS ANY,
YOU KNOW, HEED INTO THAT.
166
00:08:58,171 --> 00:08:59,339
{\an7}I KINDA THINK ANYONE
167
00:08:59,372 --> 00:09:01,341
{\an7}THAT THINKS OUR OWN GOVERNMENT
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWOULD DO THAT
168
00:09:01,374 --> 00:09:03,643
{\an7}IS KIND OF OUT THERE SOMEWHERE.
169
00:09:03,676 --> 00:09:05,444
{\an7}I CERTAINLY DON’T BELIEVE IT.
170
00:09:05,478 --> 00:09:08,681
{\an7}\hI THINK WE ALL KNOW
WHO DID THIS AND WHY.
171
00:09:17,157 --> 00:09:18,825
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
FOR DR. FRANK GREENING,
172
00:09:18,858 --> 00:09:21,794
{\an7}A NUCLEAR RESEARCH CHEMIST
\h\h\h\h\hOF OVER 20 YEARS,
173
00:09:21,828 --> 00:09:26,533
{\an7}\h\hTHE QUESTION OF GOVERNMENT
CONSPIRACY WAS NEVER AN OPTION,
174
00:09:26,566 --> 00:09:29,702
{\an7}\h\h\hBUT THERE WERE STILL MANY
ASPECTS OF THE OFFICIAL INQUIRY
175
00:09:29,736 --> 00:09:31,071
{\an7}THAT TROUBLED HIM,
176
00:09:31,104 --> 00:09:33,607
{\an7}\hAND UNTIL THEY WERE
EXPLAINED COMPLETELY,
177
00:09:33,640 --> 00:09:38,145
{\an7}\hTHERE WOULD ALWAYS BE FERTILE
GROUND FOR CONSPIRACY THEORIES.
178
00:09:38,178 --> 00:09:40,781
{\an7}WHAT GREENING DISCOVERED
\h\h\hWAS SO REMARKABLE,
179
00:09:40,814 --> 00:09:41,948
{\an7}IT NOT ONLY ANSWERED
180
00:09:41,981 --> 00:09:44,450
{\an7}THE OUTLANDISH CLAIMS
\h\hOF THE THEORISTS,
181
00:09:44,484 --> 00:09:46,152
{\an7}\hIT WOULD CHANGE
OUR UNDERSTANDING
182
00:09:46,186 --> 00:09:48,488
{\an7}OF THE DISASTER FOREVER.
183
00:09:52,525 --> 00:09:56,029
{\an7}THE OFFICIAL GOVERNMENT REPORT
\hINTO THE TWIN TOWERS TRAGEDY
184
00:09:56,062 --> 00:09:59,799
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hONLY TACKLED EVENTS
ON THE INITIAL IMPACT FLOORS,
185
00:09:59,833 --> 00:10:03,403
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNOT THE PHYSICS
BEHIND THE SUBSEQUENT COLLAPSE.
186
00:10:03,436 --> 00:10:06,739
{\an7}IT LEFT THE FIELD WIDE OPEN
\hFOR CONSPIRACY THEORISTS
187
00:10:06,773 --> 00:10:09,743
{\an7}WHO POINT TO THE UNEXPECTEDLY
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hRAPID COLLAPSE,
188
00:10:09,776 --> 00:10:12,479
{\an7}AMID REPORTS OF EXPLOSIONS.
189
00:10:12,512 --> 00:10:14,647
{\an7}\h\hNUCLEAR CHEMIST
DR. FRANK GREENING
190
00:10:14,681 --> 00:10:17,817
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hWAS ALSO SURPRISED THAT
THE TOWERS COLLAPSED SO QUICKLY.
191
00:10:17,851 --> 00:10:19,186
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hFrank Greening:
I WATCHED THIS WHOLE THING
192
00:10:19,219 --> 00:10:21,521
{\an7}UNFOLD LIKE EVERYBODY DID,
193
00:10:21,554 --> 00:10:26,626
{\an7}\h\h\hAND THEN, OF COURSE,
THE SOUTH TOWER COLLAPSES,
194
00:10:26,659 --> 00:10:30,096
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE TOP SECTION
JUST CRUSHES THE LOWER SECTION.
195
00:10:30,130 --> 00:10:32,866
{\an7}A LITTLE LATER THE NORTH TOWER
\h\h\h\h\hDOES THE SAME THING,
196
00:10:32,899 --> 00:10:36,136
{\an7}AND I’M JUST SHOCKED, HORRIFIED,
197
00:10:36,169 --> 00:10:38,471
{\an7}\h\hAND I SAY TO MYSELF,
"HOW COULD THIS HAPPEN?"
198
00:10:42,542 --> 00:10:44,344
{\an7}\hNarrator: GREENING FELT
THAT UNTIL THE MECHANICS
199
00:10:44,377 --> 00:10:46,880
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hOF THE COLLAPSE
WERE PROPERLY UNDERSTOOD,
200
00:10:46,913 --> 00:10:50,417
{\an7}\h\hTHE FANATICAL RUMORS
WOULD SIMPLY NOT GO AWAY.
201
00:10:53,486 --> 00:10:56,055
{\an7}HE DECIDED TO CALCULATE WHETHER
\h\h\hTHE TOWERS WOULD COLLAPSE
202
00:10:56,089 --> 00:10:59,993
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hUNDER THEIR OWN WEIGHT,
WITHOUT THE NEED FOR EXPLOSIVES.
203
00:11:01,461 --> 00:11:03,430
{\an7}\h\hGreening : THE FIRST THING
I FELT NEEDED TO BE CLEARED UP
204
00:11:03,463 --> 00:11:06,599
{\an7}WAS COULD THE BUILDING COLLAPSE
\h\h\h\hTHE WAY THAT WE SAW IT,
205
00:11:06,633 --> 00:11:09,369
{\an7}OR DID IT ACTUALLY NEED HELP
206
00:11:09,402 --> 00:11:12,071
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hFROM EXPLOSIVES,
AS SOME PEOPLE WERE SUGGESTING.
207
00:11:12,105 --> 00:11:16,376
{\an7}I REALLY THREW MYSELF
\hINTO 9/11 RESEARCH,
208
00:11:16,409 --> 00:11:21,014
{\an7}\h\hAND I DECIDED I WANTED
TO APPLY SCIENCE, PHYSICS,
209
00:11:21,047 --> 00:11:23,616
{\an7}TO STUDYING THIS PROBLEM.
210
00:11:23,650 --> 00:11:28,088
{\an7}I SET UP A COMPUTER PROGRAM,
\hBASED ON MOMENTUM TRANSFER,
211
00:11:28,121 --> 00:11:32,826
{\an7}TO LOOK AT EACH IMPACT
\h\h\h\hOF EACH FLOOR.
212
00:11:32,859 --> 00:11:35,161
{\an7}\h\hNarrator: GREENING’S
MOMENTUM TRANSFER PROGRAM
213
00:11:35,195 --> 00:11:36,897
{\an7}CALCULATED THE WEIGHT
\h\hOF THE BUILDINGS
214
00:11:36,930 --> 00:11:39,032
{\an7}ABOVE THE IMPACT FLOORS.
215
00:11:39,065 --> 00:11:41,401
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hHE DISCOVERED
THAT IF ONE FLOOR FAILED,
216
00:11:41,434 --> 00:11:42,802
{\an7}THE WEIGHT OF THE HIGHER FLOORS
217
00:11:42,835 --> 00:11:47,006
{\an7}WOULD CAUSE EACH FLOOR BELOW
TO GIVE WAY EXACTLY AS SEEN.
218
00:11:47,040 --> 00:11:49,743
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAS THE IMPACTS
WERE ON DIFFERENT FLOORS,
219
00:11:49,776 --> 00:11:51,478
{\an7}\h\h\hTHE SIMULATION
WOULD NEED TO ACCOUNT
220
00:11:51,511 --> 00:11:56,449
{\an7}FOR THE DIFFERING MASS
\h\h\h\h\h\hABOVE EACH
221
00:11:56,482 --> 00:12:01,020
{\an7}THERE WERE 15 FLOORS ABOVE THE
IMPACT POINT IN THE NORTH TOWER
222
00:12:01,054 --> 00:12:04,424
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND 22 FLOORS
ABOVE THE SOUTH TOWER.
223
00:12:07,327 --> 00:12:09,696
{\an7}\h\hFRANK’S CALCULATIONS
WOULD ALSO NEED TO PROVE
224
00:12:09,729 --> 00:12:12,365
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHAT THE FLOORS
BELOW EACH IMPACT POINT
225
00:12:12,398 --> 00:12:13,966
{\an7}WOULD DISINTEGRATE IN A MANNER
226
00:12:14,000 --> 00:12:16,669
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHAT LOOKS SIMILAR
TO A CONTROLLED DEMOLITION.
227
00:12:20,073 --> 00:12:23,343
{\an7}Greening: I RAN THE PROGRAM,
228
00:12:23,376 --> 00:12:25,778
{\an7}AND IT SHOWED THAT THE,
\h\h\hUH, THE BUILDINGS
229
00:12:25,812 --> 00:12:27,480
{\an7}WOULD INDEED COME DOWN.
230
00:12:27,513 --> 00:12:28,881
{\an7}EVEN MORE INTERESTING WAS,
231
00:12:28,915 --> 00:12:32,519
{\an7}\h\hTHE, THE COMPUTER PROGRAM
PREDICTED THE COLLAPSE TIMES.
232
00:12:32,552 --> 00:12:35,055
{\an7}Narrator: THE NORTH TOWER
233
00:12:35,088 --> 00:12:37,424
{\an7}FALLS IN 13 SECONDS,
234
00:12:37,457 --> 00:12:39,926
{\an7}\h\h\hBUT WITH A GREATER NUMBER
OF FLOORS ABOVE THE IMPACT SITE
235
00:12:39,959 --> 00:12:45,531
{\an7}\h\h\hOF THE SOUTH TOWER,
IT TAKES ONLY 11 SECONDS.
236
00:12:45,565 --> 00:12:47,500
{\an7}Greening: ONCE THE BUILDING
\h\h\hSTARTED TO COLLAPSE,
237
00:12:47,533 --> 00:12:48,701
{\an7}IT WAS NO STOPPING IT.
238
00:12:48,735 --> 00:12:50,737
{\an7}IT WAS A JUGGERNAUT.
239
00:12:50,770 --> 00:12:53,740
{\an7}THE MASS OF THE UPPER BLOCK
\h\h\h\hIN THE NORTH TOWER
240
00:12:53,773 --> 00:12:57,243
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hWAS EQUIVALENT
TO THE MASS OF THE TITANIC.
241
00:12:57,277 --> 00:12:59,746
{\an7}IT WAS ABOUT 38,000 TONS.
242
00:13:03,416 --> 00:13:05,385
{\an7}Narrator: IN 2008, FRANK’S WORK
243
00:13:05,418 --> 00:13:08,187
{\an7}IS PUBLISHED IN THE JOURNAL
\hOF ENGINEERING MECHANICS.
244
00:13:08,221 --> 00:13:12,625
{\an7}\h\hIT DISMISSES THE IDEA
OF CONTROLLED EXPLOSIONS
245
00:13:12,659 --> 00:13:14,628
{\an7}BUT HIS INVESTIGATION LEADS HIM
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO QUESTION
246
00:13:14,661 --> 00:13:18,265
{\an7}\h\hFUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS
OF THE OFFICIAL REPORT.
247
00:13:18,298 --> 00:13:22,135
{\an7}\hGreening: TOWERS WERE
BURNING AWAY FURIOUSLY.
248
00:13:22,168 --> 00:13:25,505
{\an7}\h\hTHEN THE FIRES
SUBSIDED SOMEWHAT,
249
00:13:25,538 --> 00:13:28,474
{\an7}AND THEN SUDDENLY
OUT OF THE BLUE,
250
00:13:28,508 --> 00:13:33,646
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE NORTH TOWER AND
THE SOUTH TOWER JUST COLLAPSED.
251
00:13:33,680 --> 00:13:36,116
{\an7}THE QUESTION IS WHY.
\hWHAT STARTED THAT?
252
00:13:36,149 --> 00:13:37,651
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
ALTHOUGH HE HAS DISPELLED
253
00:13:37,684 --> 00:13:41,221
{\an7}THE CONSPIRACY THEORISTS’ IDEAS
\hABOUT CONTROLLED DEMOLITION,
254
00:13:41,254 --> 00:13:44,390
{\an7}\hTHERE IS STILL THE NAGGING
QUESTION ABOUT THE EXPLOSIONS
255
00:13:44,424 --> 00:13:48,194
{\an7}HEARD BY FIREFIGHTERS
BEFORE THE COLLAPSE,
256
00:13:48,227 --> 00:13:50,329
{\an7}BUT CENTRAL TO HIS CONCERN
257
00:13:50,363 --> 00:13:53,299
{\an7}\hWAS THE CONCLUSION
THAT THE OFFICE FIRES
258
00:13:53,333 --> 00:13:55,602
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWERE CAPABLE
OF WEAKENING SUFFICIENT NUMBERS
259
00:13:55,635 --> 00:13:59,072
{\an7}OF THE STRUCTURAL STEEL GIRDERS
\h\h\h\h\hTO TRIGGER COLLAPSE.
260
00:14:05,578 --> 00:14:06,846
{\an7}AROUND THE WORLD,
261
00:14:06,879 --> 00:14:10,316
{\an7}SUPER-TALL SKYSCRAPERS
\hDOMINATE OUR SKYLINE.
262
00:14:10,350 --> 00:14:12,419
{\an7}THE PINNACLE OF DESIGN
\h\h\hAND ENGINEERING,
263
00:14:12,452 --> 00:14:16,356
{\an7}THESE TOWERS ARE BUILT TO LAST,
AND JUST LIKE THE TWIN TOWERS,
264
00:14:16,389 --> 00:14:17,824
{\an7}THE KEY TO THEIR STRENGTH
265
00:14:17,857 --> 00:14:21,594
{\an7}\hIS THAT THEY ARE CONSTRUCTED
AROUND A STRONG STEEL SKELETON.
266
00:14:23,663 --> 00:14:25,732
{\an7}STRUCTURAL ENGINEER ROMA AGRAWAL
267
00:14:25,765 --> 00:14:30,303
{\an7}HELPED BUILD EUROPE’S TALLEST
\hSKYSCRAPER, LONDON’S SHARD.
268
00:14:30,336 --> 00:14:32,572
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hRoma Agrawal:
THE TWIN TOWERS HAD TWO TUBES,
269
00:14:32,605 --> 00:14:35,241
{\an7}\hONE INSIDE THE OTHER,
TO FORM THE STRUCTURE.
270
00:14:35,274 --> 00:14:36,709
{\an7}\h\h\hTHE INNER TUBE
WAS CALLED THE CORE,
271
00:14:36,743 --> 00:14:39,546
{\an7}\hAND IT HAD VERTICAL
STEEL COLUMNS IN IT.
272
00:14:39,579 --> 00:14:42,649
{\an7}\h\h\hTHE OUTER TUBE ALSO HAD
VERTICAL STEEL COLUMNS IN IT,
273
00:14:42,682 --> 00:14:45,585
{\an7}AND THE HORIZONTAL BEAMS
GOING AROUND THE BUILDING
274
00:14:45,618 --> 00:14:50,857
{\an7}FORMED A LATTICE WITH THOSE
COLUMNS, TO KEEP IT STABLE.
275
00:14:50,890 --> 00:14:52,358
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
THIS TUBE LATTICE DESIGN
276
00:14:52,392 --> 00:14:55,795
{\an7}\h\hMEANT THE TOWERS
INITIALLY STOOD FIRM.
277
00:14:55,828 --> 00:14:58,097
{\an7}Agrawal: WHEN THE BUILDING
WAS IMPACTED BY THE PLANE,
278
00:14:58,131 --> 00:15:00,734
{\an7}\h\hA NUMBER OF THE COLUMNS
AND THE BEAMS WERE SEVERED,
279
00:15:00,767 --> 00:15:03,737
{\an7}BUT BECAUSE OF THIS TUBE
\h\h\h\h\hLATTICE SYSTEM,
280
00:15:03,770 --> 00:15:05,972
{\an7}THE WEIGHT OF THE BUILDING COULD
ACTUALLY FIND A DIFFERENT WAY
281
00:15:06,005 --> 00:15:08,374
{\an7}TO GO AROUND THE HOLE,
282
00:15:08,408 --> 00:15:09,843
{\an7}SO THE IMPACT BY ITSELF
283
00:15:09,876 --> 00:15:13,046
{\an7}\hWOULD NOT NECESSARILY HAVE
CAUSED THE TOWER TO COLLAPSE.
284
00:15:13,079 --> 00:15:16,149
{\an7}\h\hNarrator: BY REDISTRIBUTING
THE LOADS OF THE HIGHER FLOORS
285
00:15:16,182 --> 00:15:18,317
{\an7}AROUND THE DAMAGED STRUCTURES,
286
00:15:18,351 --> 00:15:21,387
{\an7}\h\h\hTHE BUILDINGS SURVIVED
THE PLANE’S INITIAL IMPACTS,
287
00:15:21,421 --> 00:15:23,056
{\an7}BUT THEY DO COLLAPSE,
288
00:15:23,089 --> 00:15:27,460
{\an7}\h\h\h\hONE AFTER 56 MINUTES,
THE OTHER AFTER 103 MINUTES.
289
00:15:27,493 --> 00:15:30,429
{\an7}SOMETHING CAUSED THE SURVIVING
\h\h\hSTRUCTURAL STEEL COLUMNS
290
00:15:30,463 --> 00:15:32,665
{\an7}TO FAIL.
291
00:15:32,698 --> 00:15:33,999
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAgrawal:
THE OFFICIAL REPORT EXPLAINED
292
00:15:34,033 --> 00:15:36,702
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHAT THE TEMPERATURES
OF THE FIRES WERE HIGH ENOUGH
293
00:15:36,736 --> 00:15:39,906
{\an7}\hTO CAUSE THE STEEL
TO LOSE ITS STRENGTH
294
00:15:39,939 --> 00:15:41,741
{\an7}AND TO COMPROMISE ITS INTEGRITY,
295
00:15:41,774 --> 00:15:44,977
{\an7}AND THIS IS WHAT ULTIMATELY
BROUGHT THE BUILDINGS DOWN.
296
00:15:45,011 --> 00:15:47,280
{\an7}Gage: NO SKYSCRAPER
HAS EVER COLLAPSED
297
00:15:47,313 --> 00:15:51,851
{\an7}DUE TO FIRE PRIOR TO 9/11.
298
00:15:51,884 --> 00:15:54,420
{\an7}Narrator: 9/11 TRUTH MOVEMENT
\h\h\h\hFOUNDER RICHARD GAGE
299
00:15:54,454 --> 00:15:55,822
{\an7}DOESN’T BELIEVE THE FIRES
300
00:15:55,855 --> 00:15:59,659
{\an7}\hCOULD HAVE WEAKENED
THE STEEL STRUCTURE.
301
00:15:59,692 --> 00:16:01,494
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hGage:
THE EXTERIOR PERIMETER STRUCTURE
302
00:16:01,527 --> 00:16:06,132
{\an7}OF THESE TOWERS WAS MASSIVE,
\h\h\h\h\h\hAS WAS THE CORE--
303
00:16:06,165 --> 00:16:10,970
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h47 COLUMNS,
52 INCHES BY 22 INCHES.
304
00:16:11,003 --> 00:16:14,173
{\an7}IT’S SOLID STEEL.
305
00:16:14,207 --> 00:16:15,475
{\an7}THERE’S NO EVIDENCE
306
00:16:15,508 --> 00:16:19,712
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hFOR TEMPERATURES
REACHING THE STRUCTURAL STEEL
307
00:16:19,745 --> 00:16:23,182
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHAT COULD EVEN CAUSE
THE WEAKENING OF THAT STEEL.
308
00:16:23,216 --> 00:16:24,984
{\an7}Greening: FOR THE SKEPTICS,
309
00:16:25,017 --> 00:16:29,121
{\an7}\h\h\hIT WAS THE FIRES
WERE NOT THAT INTENSE.
310
00:16:29,155 --> 00:16:31,457
{\an7}THEY WERE KIND OF PATCHY
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAT BEST,
311
00:16:31,491 --> 00:16:33,893
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAND THEY ARGUED
THAT INSUFFICIENT HEAT
312
00:16:33,926 --> 00:16:37,029
{\an7}WAS BEING SUPPLIED
\h\hTO THE COLUMNS,
313
00:16:37,063 --> 00:16:42,402
{\an7}AND THEREFORE THERE WAS NO WAY
A FIRE COULD WEAKEN THE STEEL.
314
00:16:45,638 --> 00:16:46,906
{\an7}Narrator: STEEL HAS BEEN USED
315
00:16:46,939 --> 00:16:49,775
{\an7}IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
\h\h\h\h\hFOR OVER A CENTURY.
316
00:16:49,809 --> 00:16:51,611
{\an7}WITHOUT IT, HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS
317
00:16:51,644 --> 00:16:56,349
{\an7}\h\hTHAT DOMINATE OUR CITIES
WOULD NOT HAVE BEEN POSSIBLE.
318
00:16:56,382 --> 00:16:59,385
{\an7}\h\hA MANMADE ALLOY
OF IRON AND CARBON,
319
00:16:59,418 --> 00:17:03,255
{\an7}STEEL OFFERS UNRIVALED STRENGTH
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND FLEXIBILITY.
320
00:17:03,289 --> 00:17:05,424
{\an7}\h\h\h\hMANUFACTURED
TO BE FIRE-RESISTANT,
321
00:17:05,458 --> 00:17:06,893
{\an7}STEEL RETAINS ITS STRENGTH
322
00:17:06,926 --> 00:17:11,030
{\an7}\h\h\h\hIN HIGH TEMPERATURES
FOR EXTENDED PERIODS OF TIME,
323
00:17:11,063 --> 00:17:12,398
{\an7}AND AROUND THE WORLD,
324
00:17:12,431 --> 00:17:14,533
{\an7}HIGH-RISE STEEL BUILDINGS
\hHAVE REMAINED STANDING
325
00:17:14,567 --> 00:17:17,937
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hDESPITE
THE MOST INTENSE FIRE DAMAGE,
326
00:17:17,970 --> 00:17:21,574
{\an7}SO WHY DID THE STEEL FRAME
\hOF THE TWIN TOWERS FAIL?
327
00:17:23,643 --> 00:17:26,679
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHE 9/11 HIJACKERS
CHOSE LONG-DISTANCE FLIGHTS
328
00:17:26,712 --> 00:17:29,415
{\an7}BECAUSE THEY KNEW THE FUEL LOADS
INSIDE THE JETS
329
00:17:29,448 --> 00:17:33,919
{\an7}\h\hWERE AT A MAXIMUM,
AROUND 10,000 GALLONS,
330
00:17:33,953 --> 00:17:36,722
{\an7}\h\hYET MOST OF THE FUEL
BURNED OFF WITHIN SECONDS
331
00:17:36,756 --> 00:17:39,525
{\an7}AND ALL WITHIN A FEW MINUTES.
332
00:17:39,559 --> 00:17:42,962
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAFTER THAT, THE FIRES
THAT SPREAD OVER SEVERAL FLOORS
333
00:17:42,995 --> 00:17:46,232
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWERE SUSTAINED
BY THE CONTENTS OF THE OFFICES.
334
00:17:46,265 --> 00:17:47,533
{\an7}Agrawal: THERE WAS A LOT
335
00:17:47,567 --> 00:17:50,904
{\an7}\h\h\hOF WHAT ENGINEERS CALL
"FIRE LOAD" IN THE BUILDING,
336
00:17:50,937 --> 00:17:52,439
{\an7}SO MATERIALS LIKE WOOD,
337
00:17:52,471 --> 00:17:54,506
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWHICH WOULD--
MAY HAVE BEEN IN THE FLOORING,
338
00:17:54,540 --> 00:17:56,675
{\an7}AND THE FURNITURE AND SO ON,
339
00:17:56,709 --> 00:17:58,811
{\an7}PROVIDE A LOT OF FUEL
\h\h\hTO THESE FIRES,
340
00:17:58,844 --> 00:18:01,313
{\an7}SO EVEN AFTER THE JET FUEL
\h\h\h\hMAY HAVE BURNT OUT,
341
00:18:01,347 --> 00:18:04,684
{\an7}\h\h\hTHERE’S LOTS OF OTHER STUFF
THAT CAN CAUSE THE FIRE TO BURN.
342
00:18:04,717 --> 00:18:06,052
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
BUT WERE THE FIRES HOT ENOUGH
343
00:18:06,085 --> 00:18:08,287
{\an7}TO SIGNIFICANTLY
WEAKEN THE STEEL
344
00:18:08,321 --> 00:18:11,958
{\an7}\h\h\h\hIN JUST THE SHORT TIME
IT TOOK THE TOWERS TO COLLAPSE?
345
00:18:11,991 --> 00:18:15,127
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHE QUESTION IS ONE
OF COMPLEX THERMODYNAMICS.
346
00:18:15,161 --> 00:18:16,362
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAgrawal:
THE OFFICIAL REPORT EXPLAINS
347
00:18:16,395 --> 00:18:18,264
{\an7}THAT ONCE THE STEEL GETS TO
348
00:18:18,297 --> 00:18:20,733
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hABOVE ABOUT
600 DEGREES CENTIGRADE,
349
00:18:20,766 --> 00:18:23,235
{\an7}WHICH IS OVER 1,000 FAHRENHEIT,
350
00:18:23,269 --> 00:18:24,237
{\an7}THAT IT STARTS TO LOSE
351
00:18:24,270 --> 00:18:27,106
{\an7}A SIGNIFICANT PROPORTION
\h\h\h\hOF ITS STRENGTH.
352
00:18:27,139 --> 00:18:29,408
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHE KEY QUESTION
IS HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE,
353
00:18:29,442 --> 00:18:32,345
{\an7}SO THE FIRES MIGHT GET THERE
\h\h\h\h\hVERY, VERY QUICKLY,
354
00:18:32,378 --> 00:18:34,280
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hBUT THE STEEL
MIGHT TAKE A BIT LONGER,
355
00:18:34,313 --> 00:18:37,383
{\an7}AND THERE’S A BIT OF A TIME LAG
\h\h\h\hFROM ONE TO THE OTHER.
356
00:18:37,416 --> 00:18:39,952
{\an7}\hTHAT TIME LAG DEPENDS
ON HOW MUCH PROTECTION
357
00:18:39,986 --> 00:18:42,021
{\an7}THERE IS ON THE STEEL.
358
00:18:43,422 --> 00:18:46,191
{\an7}\h\h\h\hNarrator: THE IMPORTANT
STEEL GIRDERS INSIDE THE TOWERS
359
00:18:46,225 --> 00:18:49,328
{\an7}WERE TREATED WITH A SPRAY-ON
\h\h\hHEAT-RETARDANT CONCRETE
360
00:18:49,362 --> 00:18:51,097
{\an7}\h\hTHAT WOULD CERTAINLY
HAVE PROTECTED THE STEEL
361
00:18:51,130 --> 00:18:52,798
{\an7}FROM THE FIRES.
362
00:18:52,832 --> 00:18:56,536
{\an7}NIST, THE ORGANIZATION CARRYING
OUT THE OFFICIAL INVESTIGATION,
363
00:18:56,569 --> 00:19:00,073
{\an7}\h\hRECREATED THE CONDITIONS
INSIDE THE BURNING BUILDINGS
364
00:19:00,106 --> 00:19:02,408
{\an7}TO CHECK WHAT IMPACT THE FIRES
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWOULD HAVE HAD
365
00:19:02,441 --> 00:19:03,876
{\an7}ON THE PROTECTED STEEL.
366
00:19:03,909 --> 00:19:06,145
{\an7}THE RESULTS WERE SURPRISING.
367
00:19:06,178 --> 00:19:07,880
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAgrawal: AS PART
OF THE OFFICIAL INVESTIGATION,
368
00:19:07,913 --> 00:19:09,815
{\an7}A NUMBER OF EXPERIMENTS
WERE DONE TO UNDERSTAND
369
00:19:09,849 --> 00:19:13,052
{\an7}\h\h\hHOW QUICKLY STEEL GETS
TO THAT CRITICAL TEMPERATURE,
370
00:19:13,085 --> 00:19:15,321
{\an7}\h\h\h\hWHERE IT LOSES
A LOT OF ITS STRENGTH,
371
00:19:15,354 --> 00:19:17,957
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hAND THIS WAS DONE
WHEN THE STEEL WAS PROTECTED
372
00:19:17,990 --> 00:19:23,028
{\an7}WITH THIS SPRAYED-ON INSULATION,
AND IT TOOK OVER TEN HOURS.
373
00:19:23,062 --> 00:19:25,131
{\an7}Narrator: YET WITHIN TWO HOURS,
374
00:19:25,164 --> 00:19:29,669
{\an7}\hBOTH TOWERS HAD COLLAPSED,
LONG BEFORE THEY SHOULD HAVE.
375
00:19:29,702 --> 00:19:31,404
{\an7}TO EXPLAIN THE DISCREPANCY,
376
00:19:31,437 --> 00:19:35,508
{\an7}NIST REMOVED THE FIRE PROTECTION
AND REPEATED THE TESTS.
377
00:19:37,443 --> 00:19:38,744
{\an7}Agrawal: WHEN THE SAME
\h\hEXPERIMENT WAS DONE
378
00:19:38,778 --> 00:19:41,114
{\an7}WITHOUT ANY PROTECTION
\hON THE STEEL AT ALL,
379
00:19:41,147 --> 00:19:43,349
{\an7}IT TOOK A MERE 13 MINUTES.
380
00:19:43,382 --> 00:19:46,185
{\an7}Narrator: THE CONCLUSION
DRAWN BY THE NIST REPORT
381
00:19:46,218 --> 00:19:48,420
{\an7}LIES AT THE HEART OF THE DEBATE.
382
00:19:48,454 --> 00:19:52,224
{\an7}THEY CONCLUDED THAT BECAUSE
THE STEEL GIRDERS GAVE WAY,
383
00:19:52,258 --> 00:19:55,394
{\an7}SUBSTANTIAL NUMBERS MUST HAVE
\h\hLOST THEIR FIREPROOFING.
384
00:19:55,428 --> 00:19:58,865
{\an7}BUT HOW?
385
00:19:58,898 --> 00:20:00,099
{\an7}THE REPORT ASSUMED
386
00:20:00,132 --> 00:20:01,233
{\an7}\h\hTHAT FIREPROOFING
HAD BEEN KNOCKED OFF
387
00:20:01,267 --> 00:20:04,470
{\an7}BY THE INITIAL IMPACT
\hFROM THE AIRCRAFT.
388
00:20:04,503 --> 00:20:06,972
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE CONCLUSION
OF THE ENTIRE OFFICIAL REPORT
389
00:20:07,006 --> 00:20:09,876
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hHINGES ON
THIS CRITICAL ASSUMPTION.
390
00:20:09,909 --> 00:20:12,412
{\an7}WITHOUT IT, THERE IS SIMPLY
\h\h\hNO WAY OF EXPLAINING
391
00:20:12,445 --> 00:20:16,282
{\an7}HOW THE STEEL STRUCTURES
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hGAVE WAY.
392
00:20:16,315 --> 00:20:17,950
{\an7}\hAgrawal: THE FINDINGS
OF THE OFFICIAL REPORT
393
00:20:17,983 --> 00:20:20,285
{\an7}REALLY REST ON THE QUESTION
394
00:20:20,319 --> 00:20:23,055
{\an7}OF WHETHER THE STEEL
WAS PROTECTED OR NOT
395
00:20:23,089 --> 00:20:24,524
{\an7}AND WHETHER THAT FIRE PROTECTION
396
00:20:24,557 --> 00:20:28,061
{\an7}\hHAD BEEN DISLODGED OR NOT
AS A RESULT OF THE IMPACTS.
397
00:20:28,094 --> 00:20:31,531
{\an7}\hNarrator: THERE ARE MANY
RESPECTED INDUSTRY EXPERTS,
398
00:20:31,564 --> 00:20:33,332
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hINCLUDING
THE STRUCTURAL FIRE GROUP
399
00:20:33,365 --> 00:20:36,268
{\an7}IN ONE OF THE WORLD’S LARGEST
\h\h\h\h\h\hENGINEERING FIRMS
400
00:20:36,302 --> 00:20:38,371
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND PROFESSOR
OF FIRE PROTECTION ENGINEERING
401
00:20:38,404 --> 00:20:40,706
{\an7}AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND,
402
00:20:40,740 --> 00:20:42,542
{\an7}\hWHO DO NOT BELIEVE
THAT THE FIREPROOFING
403
00:20:42,575 --> 00:20:44,243
{\an7}COULD HAVE BEEN DISLODGED,
404
00:20:44,276 --> 00:20:47,746
{\an7}\h\hTHROWING THE CONCLUSIONS OF
THE REPORT INTO SERIOUS DOUBT.
405
00:20:51,050 --> 00:20:53,519
{\an7}IF THE FIREPROOFING
WAS NOT DISLODGED,
406
00:20:53,552 --> 00:20:56,355
{\an7}THE NIST REPORT OFFERS
\hNO OTHER EXPLANATION
407
00:20:56,388 --> 00:20:57,756
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hFOR THE EVENT
THAT TRIGGERED THE COLLAPSE
408
00:20:57,790 --> 00:21:02,094
{\an7}AND CAUSED THE DEATHS
\hOF SO MANY PEOPLE.
409
00:21:02,128 --> 00:21:04,330
{\an7}\h\hNUCLEAR CHEMIST
DR. FRANK GREENING
410
00:21:04,363 --> 00:21:06,866
{\an7}SCOURS THE 10,000-PAGE REPORT
411
00:21:06,899 --> 00:21:10,136
{\an7}\hLOOKING FOR CLUES THAT MIGHT
SUGGEST AN ALTERNATIVE ANSWER,
412
00:21:10,169 --> 00:21:13,739
{\an7}\h\h\hWHEN ONE PASSAGE
CATCHES HIS ATTENTION.
413
00:21:13,773 --> 00:21:15,308
{\an7}ACCORDING TO THE REPORT,
414
00:21:15,341 --> 00:21:18,377
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hJUST SEVEN MINUTES
BEFORE THE SOUTH TOWER FELL,
415
00:21:18,410 --> 00:21:21,580
{\an7}THERE WERE SIGNS OF EXPLOSIVE
\h\hACTIVITY WITHIN THE TOWER
416
00:21:21,614 --> 00:21:22,815
{\an7}AND A GLOWING LIQUID
417
00:21:22,848 --> 00:21:25,751
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBEGAN TO POUR
FROM ONE OF THE IMPACT FLOORS.
418
00:21:29,622 --> 00:21:33,960
{\an7}THE LIQUID CAN CLEARLY BE SEEN
\h\h\h\hON THIS VIDEO FOOTAGE.
419
00:21:33,993 --> 00:21:36,496
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hGreening: ONE
OF THE MOST INTERESTING CLIPS
420
00:21:36,529 --> 00:21:41,834
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTHAT PEOPLE
DISCUSS AT GREAT LENGTH
421
00:21:41,867 --> 00:21:45,070
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hCONCERNING
THE WORLD TRADE CENTER COLLAPSE
422
00:21:45,104 --> 00:21:49,875
{\an7}\h\hIS THIS FOOTAGE
OF THE SOUTH TOWER,
423
00:21:49,909 --> 00:21:53,312
{\an7}AND JUST BEFORE THE COLLAPSE,
424
00:21:53,345 --> 00:21:59,418
{\an7}\h\h\hWE SEE A GOLDEN STREAM OF
WHAT LOOKS LIKE A MOLTEN METAL
425
00:21:59,451 --> 00:22:02,487
{\an7}POURING FROM ONE OF THE WINDOWS.
426
00:22:02,521 --> 00:22:04,990
{\an7}Narrator: THE OFFICIAL REPORT
\hCONCLUDED THE MOLTEN METAL
427
00:22:05,024 --> 00:22:08,694
{\an7}PLAYED NO PART IN THE COLLAPSE,
\h\h\h\hBUT TO FRANK GREENING,
428
00:22:08,727 --> 00:22:11,863
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE CASCADE
WAS EXTREMELY SIGNIFICANT.
429
00:22:11,897 --> 00:22:16,535
{\an7}IT WAS THE MISSING EVIDENCE
\hHE’D BEEN SEARCHING FOR.
430
00:22:16,569 --> 00:22:18,905
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hGreening: I CAME
WITH A CHEMIST’S PERSPECTIVE.
431
00:22:18,938 --> 00:22:22,275
{\an7}I SEE THE CHEMISTRY AS THE KEY,
432
00:22:22,308 --> 00:22:26,112
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hAND I THINK THAT’S
WHAT IS, IS THE PROBABLE REASON
433
00:22:26,145 --> 00:22:30,950
{\an7}WHY NIST FAILED TO CONSIDER
\h\hTHE ROLE OF CHEMISTRY.
434
00:22:30,983 --> 00:22:32,852
{\an7}BASICALLY THEY’RE NOT CHEMISTS.
435
00:22:32,885 --> 00:22:33,986
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
FRANK SUSPECTS THAT THE METAL
436
00:22:34,019 --> 00:22:35,821
{\an7}SEEN POURING FROM THE WINDOW
437
00:22:35,855 --> 00:22:39,492
{\an7}IS A MATERIAL WITH A FAR LOWER
\h\h\hMELTING POINT THAN STEEL,
438
00:22:39,525 --> 00:22:42,795
{\an7}\h\h\h\hA METAL PRESENT IN HUGE
QUANTITIES ON THE BURNING FLOOR
439
00:22:42,828 --> 00:22:44,630
{\an7}AND A METAL EXTENSIVELY USED
440
00:22:44,663 --> 00:22:47,432
{\an7}IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AIRCRAFT--
441
00:22:47,466 --> 00:22:49,335
{\an7}ALUMINUM.
442
00:22:49,368 --> 00:22:50,936
{\an7}AND TO FRANK’S DISBELIEF,
443
00:22:50,970 --> 00:22:54,040
{\an7}\h\h\hHE FINDS THAT ALUMINUM
AIRCRAFT PARTS FORMED NO PART
444
00:22:54,073 --> 00:22:58,578
{\an7}OF THE OFFICIAL INVESTIGATION’S
\h\h\h\h\hEXTENSIVE FIRE TESTS.
445
00:22:58,611 --> 00:23:01,647
{\an7}Greening: THEY DID GREAT TESTS
\h\h\h\h\h\hFOR AN OFFICE FIRE,
446
00:23:01,680 --> 00:23:04,550
{\an7}AND THAT’S A HUGE OMISSION
\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THEIR WORK,
447
00:23:04,583 --> 00:23:09,822
{\an7}AND I FEEL UNTIL THOSE TESTS
ARE REPEATED WITH AN AIRCRAFT
448
00:23:09,855 --> 00:23:11,957
{\an7}INCLUDED IN THE OFFICE,
449
00:23:11,991 --> 00:23:15,194
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hUH, THEIR RESULTS
ARE ESSENTIALLY MEANINGLESS.
450
00:23:19,999 --> 00:23:21,167
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
COULD THE PRESENCE OF ALUMINUM
451
00:23:21,200 --> 00:23:22,868
{\an7}\h\h\h\hHAVE PROVIDED
THE TRIGGER THAT LED
452
00:23:22,902 --> 00:23:26,305
{\an7}TO THE INITIAL COLLAPSE
\h\h\hOF THE BUILDINGS?
453
00:23:26,338 --> 00:23:30,409
{\an7}\hFRANK SHARES HIS CONCERNS
IN A RESEARCH PAPER ONLINE.
454
00:23:30,442 --> 00:23:33,412
{\an7}MEANWHILE, ACROSS THE ATLANTIC,
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hANOTHER SCIENTIST
455
00:23:33,445 --> 00:23:37,349
{\an7}SPOTS THE SAME OVERSIGHT
\hIN THE OFFICIAL REPORT.
456
00:23:37,383 --> 00:23:41,420
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hCHRISTIAN SIMENSEN IS
A SENIOR METALLURGIST AT SINTEF,
457
00:23:41,453 --> 00:23:42,220
{\an7}ONE OF EUROPE’S
458
00:23:43,188 --> 00:23:44,856
{\an7}\hLARGEST INDEPENDENT
RESEARCH LABORATORIES
459
00:23:44,890 --> 00:23:46,692
{\an7}\h\h\h\hSPECIALIZING
IN MATERIALS SCIENCE.
460
00:23:49,895 --> 00:23:52,831
{\an7}\h\hHE’S ONE OF THE WORLD’S
FOREMOST EXPERTS IN METALS
461
00:23:52,865 --> 00:23:55,768
{\an7}\hAND ALSO PUBLISHED A PAPER
IN THE JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING
462
00:23:55,801 --> 00:23:58,537
{\an7}THAT MIRRORED FRANK’S CONCERN
\h\h\h\h\hOVER THE SHORT TIME
463
00:23:58,570 --> 00:24:01,973
{\an7}IT TOOK FOR THE STEEL STRUCTURES
TO GIVE WAY.
464
00:24:05,611 --> 00:24:08,013
{\an7}\h\h\h\hChristian Simensen:
WHEN I READ THAT 300 PAGES,
465
00:24:08,047 --> 00:24:11,183
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIT ONLY HAD, UH,
THEORY ABOUT THE BUILDING,
466
00:24:11,216 --> 00:24:15,287
{\an7}AND HOW THE BUILDING OVERHEATED,
AND THAT IT STARTED TO CRUMPLE.
467
00:24:15,321 --> 00:24:18,090
{\an7}I DIDN’T BELIEVE THAT
\h\h\hFOR ONE MINUTE
468
00:24:18,123 --> 00:24:23,061
{\an7}\h\hBECAUSE ONE HOUR IS NOT LONG
ENOUGH FOR THE STEEL TO HEAT UP.
469
00:24:23,095 --> 00:24:25,197
{\an7}IT TAKE MUCH LONGER TIME.
470
00:24:25,230 --> 00:24:26,631
{\an7}Narrator: WORKING INDEPENDENTLY,
471
00:24:26,665 --> 00:24:30,869
{\an7}BOTH SCIENTISTS ARRIVE
AT THE SAME CONCLUSION.
472
00:24:30,903 --> 00:24:33,139
{\an7}Simensen: THE OFFICIAL REPORT
\h\h\h\h\h\hWAS CONCENTRATING
473
00:24:33,172 --> 00:24:38,878
{\an7}\h\h\hON THE STEEL BARS, BUT THE
MISSING ELEMENT IS THE AIRCRAFT.
474
00:24:38,911 --> 00:24:40,379
{\an7}Greening: THE MISSING EVIDENCE
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hQUITE SIMPLY
475
00:24:40,412 --> 00:24:45,584
{\an7}IS THERE WAS A HUGE AIRCRAFT
SITTING INSIDE THE BUILDING.
476
00:24:46,819 --> 00:24:48,020
{\an7}Narrator: THE OFFICIAL REPORT
477
00:24:48,053 --> 00:24:50,856
{\an7}\hASSUMES THE AIRCRAFT
DISINTEGRATED ON IMPACT
478
00:24:50,889 --> 00:24:52,624
{\an7}\h\h\hAND THE DEBRIS
SCATTERED HARMLESSLY
479
00:24:52,658 --> 00:24:54,793
{\an7}ACROSS SEVERAL FLOORS,
480
00:24:54,827 --> 00:24:59,398
{\an7}SO THE AIRCRAFT WRECKAGE WAS NOT
INCLUDED IN ANY FIRE TESTS.
481
00:24:59,431 --> 00:25:00,766
{\an7}THIS OMISSION IS ALSO QUESTIONED
482
00:25:00,799 --> 00:25:03,935
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBY EXPERTS
FROM THE AVIATION INDUSTRY.
483
00:25:03,969 --> 00:25:05,437
{\an7}\h\hGuy Gratton: I THINK
IT IS A LITTLE SURPRISING
484
00:25:05,471 --> 00:25:09,442
{\an7}\hTHAT THEY DID NOT INCLUDE
ANYTHING FROM THE AIRCRAFT
485
00:25:09,475 --> 00:25:13,012
{\an7}\hIN THEIR ESTIMATES
OF THE FIRE BEHAVIOR.
486
00:25:13,045 --> 00:25:16,315
{\an7}\h\hNarrator: DR. GUY GRATTON
IS AN AERONAUTICAL ENGINEER.
487
00:25:16,348 --> 00:25:18,517
{\an7}\h\h\hHAVING STUDIED
THE OFFICIAL REPORT,
488
00:25:18,550 --> 00:25:23,588
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hHE REJECTS THE IDEA
THAT THE PLANES DISINTEGRATED.
489
00:25:23,622 --> 00:25:25,557
{\an7}Gratton: WHEN THE AIRPLANE
\h\h\hFLEW INTO THE TOWER,
490
00:25:25,591 --> 00:25:26,759
{\an7}IT WOULD HAVE HIT
491
00:25:26,792 --> 00:25:29,295
{\an7}THE METAL AND CONCRETE STRUCTURE
OF THE TOWER,
492
00:25:29,328 --> 00:25:32,431
{\an7}WOULD HAVE BROKEN UP
\hINTO SMALLER PIECES
493
00:25:32,464 --> 00:25:34,833
{\an7}WHICH WOULD HAVE
COME IN TO REST.
494
00:25:34,867 --> 00:25:36,902
{\an7}Narrator: GRATTON BELIEVES
\h\hTHAT DURING THE IMPACT,
495
00:25:36,935 --> 00:25:39,671
{\an7}\h\h\hAS THE PLANES SLICED
THROUGH THE STEEL COLUMNS,
496
00:25:39,705 --> 00:25:42,374
{\an7}SUBSTANTIAL CHUNKS OF METAL
\h\hWOULD HAVE COME TO REST
497
00:25:42,408 --> 00:25:46,812
{\an7}IN THE VERY CENTER
\hOF THE BUILDING.
498
00:25:46,845 --> 00:25:49,581
{\an7}BY EXCLUDING THE AIRCRAFT
\hFROM ITS CALCULATIONS,
499
00:25:49,615 --> 00:25:51,417
{\an7}THE OFFICIAL REPORT
\h\hHAS OVERLOOKED
500
00:25:51,450 --> 00:25:54,653
{\an7}POTENTIALLY CRUCIAL EVIDENCE.
501
00:25:54,686 --> 00:25:56,755
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIF THE TEMPERATURE
INSIDE THE BURNING BUILDINGS
502
00:25:56,789 --> 00:25:58,658
{\an7}\h\h\hGOT HOT ENOUGH
TO MELT THE WRECKAGE,
503
00:25:58,690 --> 00:26:00,659
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE RESULTS
WOULD ALMOST CERTAINLY
504
00:26:00,692 --> 00:26:05,130
{\an7}HAVE BEEN CATASTROPHIC,
505
00:26:05,164 --> 00:26:08,034
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAND THAT’S BECAUSE,
UNDER THE RIGHT CONDITIONS,
506
00:26:08,067 --> 00:26:09,869
{\an7}MOLTEN ALUMINUM CAN BE ONE
507
00:26:09,902 --> 00:26:13,472
{\an7}OF THE MOST EXPLOSIVE SUBSTANCES
IN THE WORLD.
508
00:26:23,515 --> 00:26:25,550
{\an7}WORKING ON EITHER SIDE
\h\h\hOF THE ATLANTIC,
509
00:26:25,584 --> 00:26:27,719
{\an7}TWO RENOWNED SCIENTISTS,
510
00:26:27,753 --> 00:26:29,488
{\an7}\h\h\h\hFRANK GREENING
AND CHRISTIAN SIMENSEN,
511
00:26:29,521 --> 00:26:32,324
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hARE CHALLENGING
THE OFFICIAL 9/11 REPORT
512
00:26:32,357 --> 00:26:34,492
{\an7}\hINTO THE COLLAPSE
OF THE TWIN TOWERS.
513
00:26:37,329 --> 00:26:39,031
{\an7}THEY BELIEVE THAT BY IGNORING
514
00:26:39,064 --> 00:26:40,732
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHE PRESENCE
OF AIRCRAFT WRECKAGE
515
00:26:40,766 --> 00:26:45,004
{\an7}IN THE FIRES, THE REPORT
\h\h\h\h\hIS INCOMPLETE.
516
00:26:47,306 --> 00:26:49,842
{\an7}THE PRESENCE OF AIRCRAFT DEBRIS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THE FIRES
517
00:26:49,875 --> 00:26:51,176
{\an7}COULD PROVIDE A SOLUTION
518
00:26:51,210 --> 00:26:54,580
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTO THE MANY OUTSTANDING
QUESTIONS OVER THE DISASTER...
519
00:26:57,282 --> 00:26:58,850
{\an7}LIKE WHY SO MANY PEOPLE
520
00:26:58,884 --> 00:27:02,688
{\an7}\h\h\hHEARD EXPLOSIONS
PRIOR TO THE COLLAPSE.
521
00:27:02,721 --> 00:27:04,656
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hSimensen:
WHEN I READ ABOUT THE AIRCRAFT,
522
00:27:04,690 --> 00:27:07,393
{\an7}IT WAS MADE BY 30-TON ALUMINUM,
523
00:27:07,426 --> 00:27:10,462
{\an7}SOMETHING OF THE SAME ORDER
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWITH STEEL,
524
00:27:10,496 --> 00:27:14,400
{\an7}AND THEN SOME CARBONITE
\h\h\h\h\h\hAND SO ON,
525
00:27:14,433 --> 00:27:16,869
{\an7}ALL KINDS OF MATERIALS,
526
00:27:16,902 --> 00:27:20,672
{\an7}AND THE MOST IMPORTANT PART OF
THESE MATERIALS WERE ALUMINUM.
527
00:27:24,176 --> 00:27:27,413
{\an7}Narrator: ALUMINUM IS THE MOST
\hABUNDANT METAL ON THE PLANET.
528
00:27:27,446 --> 00:27:31,951
{\an7}\h\hSOFTER, LIGHTER, AND MORE
FLEXIBLE THAN IRON AND STEEL,
529
00:27:31,984 --> 00:27:36,689
{\an7}IT IS THE IDEAL MATERIAL
\hFOR BUILDING AIRCRAFT.
530
00:27:36,722 --> 00:27:38,624
{\an7}Gratton: BACK IN THE EARLY DAYS
\h\h\h\hOF COMMERCIAL AVIATION,
531
00:27:38,657 --> 00:27:41,760
{\an7}AIRCRAFT WERE MANUFACTURED
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hFROM WOOD.
532
00:27:41,793 --> 00:27:45,163
{\an7}BY WORLD WAR II, THEY STARTED
\h\h\hTO PRESSURIZE AIRCRAFT
533
00:27:45,197 --> 00:27:47,399
{\an7}\h\hAND ALSO CARRY
A LOT MORE PAYLOAD.
534
00:27:47,432 --> 00:27:49,267
{\an7}WOOD JUST WASN’T UP TO IT,
535
00:27:49,301 --> 00:27:52,704
{\an7}\h\h\hAND ALUMINUM AND STEEL,
PARTICULARLY ALUMINUM ALLOYS,
536
00:27:52,738 --> 00:27:55,641
{\an7}BECAME THE MAIN MATERIALS
\h\h\h\h\h\hTHAT WE USED.
537
00:27:55,674 --> 00:27:57,709
{\an7}\h\h\hFOR THE LARGER
AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES,
538
00:27:57,743 --> 00:27:59,845
{\an7}THE FUSELAGE, THE WINGS,
539
00:27:59,878 --> 00:28:01,613
{\an7}WHAT YOU NEED IS THE ABILITY
540
00:28:01,647 --> 00:28:04,817
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO MAKE VERY LARGE,
VERY LIGHTWEIGHT COMPLEX SHAPES,
541
00:28:04,850 --> 00:28:07,586
{\an7}SO THAT’S WHY ALUMINUM ALLOYS
\h\h\h\h\hARE PRIMARILY USED
542
00:28:07,619 --> 00:28:10,555
{\an7}FOR THOSE PARTS OF AN AIRPLANE.
543
00:28:10,589 --> 00:28:13,625
{\an7}THIS IS A TYPICAL ALUMINUM
\h\h\h\hAIRCRAFT STRUCTURE,
544
00:28:13,659 --> 00:28:16,862
{\an7}\hSO YOU’VE GOT THIS SKIN
A FEW MILLIMETERS THICK.
545
00:28:16,895 --> 00:28:20,031
{\an7}THAT TAKES THE PRESSURE
DIFFERENCE AT ALTITUDE.
546
00:28:20,065 --> 00:28:21,533
{\an7}IT ALSO TAKES THE BENDING
547
00:28:21,567 --> 00:28:25,204
{\an7}\hAND THE BASIC LOAD OF ALL OF
THIS STRUCTURE THAT’S IN HERE.
548
00:28:27,472 --> 00:28:29,174
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS,
549
00:28:29,208 --> 00:28:31,310
{\an7}THIS INCREDIBLY FLEXIBLE
\h\h\hAND VERSATILE METAL
550
00:28:31,343 --> 00:28:34,780
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hIS ENTIRELY SAFE,
BUT IN EXTREME CIRCUMSTANCES,
551
00:28:34,813 --> 00:28:38,150
{\an7}\hALUMINUM CAN BECOME
INCREDIBLY VOLATILE.
552
00:28:42,221 --> 00:28:44,323
{\an7}CHRISTIAN IS ON HIS WAY
553
00:28:44,356 --> 00:28:47,726
{\an7}TO AN ALUMINUM RECYCLING PLANT
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNEAR OSLO.
554
00:28:47,759 --> 00:28:49,728
{\an7}\hTHE ALUMINUM PLANTS
HAVE LONG BEEN AWARE
555
00:28:49,761 --> 00:28:53,798
{\an7}OF THE EXTREME DANGERS
\h\h\h\h\hOF THE METAL.
556
00:28:53,832 --> 00:28:55,667
{\an7}Simensen: AFTER THE EARLY 1970s,
557
00:28:55,701 --> 00:28:59,705
{\an7}\h\hWITH A FEW ACCIDENTS WITH
ALUMINUM, PEOPLE BECAME AWARE
558
00:28:59,738 --> 00:29:04,843
{\an7}OF HOW DANGEROUS ALUMINUM CAN BE
UNDER CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES.
559
00:29:08,080 --> 00:29:09,181
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
ONE OF THOSE CIRCUMSTANCES
560
00:29:09,214 --> 00:29:11,483
{\an7}IS WHEN THE METAL IS MOLTEN,
561
00:29:11,516 --> 00:29:15,153
{\an7}\h\hAND WORKERS AT THIS PLANT
KNOW THE DANGERS FIRST-HAND.
562
00:29:17,489 --> 00:29:20,459
{\an7}Terje Lofthus: WE HAVE HAD
ONE EXPLOSION 15 YEARS AGO,
563
00:29:20,492 --> 00:29:22,227
{\an7}WHICH WAS QUITE SEVERE.
564
00:29:22,261 --> 00:29:28,901
{\an7}LUCKILY NOBODY WAS HURT
\h\h\h\h\h\hOR INJURED.
565
00:29:28,934 --> 00:29:32,504
{\an7}\h\hNarrator: MOLTEN ALUMINUM IS
SAFE UNTIL IT COMES INTO CONTACT
566
00:29:32,537 --> 00:29:36,074
{\an7}\hWITH ONE OF MOST COMMON
MOLECULES ON THE PLANET,
567
00:29:36,108 --> 00:29:39,745
{\an7}CAUSING A HIGHLY EXPLOSIVE
\h\h\hEXOTHERMIC REACTION.
568
00:29:39,778 --> 00:29:42,948
{\an7}THAT ABUNDANT SUBSTANCE
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIS WATER.
569
00:29:42,981 --> 00:29:45,817
{\an7}WHEN WATER COMES INTO CONTACT
\h\h\h\hWITH MOLTEN ALUMINUM,
570
00:29:45,851 --> 00:29:48,987
{\an7}THE WATER MOLECULES RECOMBINE,
571
00:29:49,021 --> 00:29:52,491
{\an7}PRODUCING ALUMINUM OXIDE
\h\h\h\h\h\hAND HYDROGEN,
572
00:29:52,524 --> 00:29:55,293
{\an7}RELEASING AN EXPLOSIVE AMOUNT
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF ENERGY.
573
00:29:55,327 --> 00:29:59,097
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hLofthus:
IF YOU HAVE A CLOSED CONTAINER
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hCONTAINING WATER
574
00:29:59,131 --> 00:30:02,768
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hCOMING TOGETHER WITH
LIQUID ALUMINUM IN YOUR FURNACE,
575
00:30:02,801 --> 00:30:07,272
{\an7}YOU CAN HAVE A SEVERE EXPLOSION.
576
00:30:07,306 --> 00:30:11,177
{\an7}Narrator: IN 2007, THIS ALUMINUM
FACTORY IN MANCHESTER, GEORGIA,
577
00:30:11,209 --> 00:30:16,815
{\an7}WAS PARTLY DEMOLISHED WHEN WATER
SEEPED INTO THE CASTING PROCESS.
578
00:30:16,848 --> 00:30:20,585
{\an7}Man: IT’S VERY, VERY APPARENT
\hTHAT MOISTURE GOT, GOT IN.
579
00:30:20,619 --> 00:30:24,389
{\an7}\hMan: HEARD JUST A LOUD BOOM,
AND WE HAD NO IDEA WHAT IT WAS.
580
00:30:24,423 --> 00:30:25,658
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hMan: I MEAN,
I’VE NEVER HEARD ANYTHING
581
00:30:25,691 --> 00:30:29,929
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hLIKE IT IN MY LIFE
AND HOPE I NEVER HEAR IT AGAIN.
582
00:30:29,961 --> 00:30:32,897
{\an7}Narrator: EXPLOSIONS LIKE THESE
\h\h\h\hARE FAR FROM ISOLATED.
583
00:30:32,931 --> 00:30:34,433
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hSimensen:
IF YOU ARE A METALLURGIST
584
00:30:34,466 --> 00:30:35,867
{\an7}WHO IS DEALING WITH ALUMINUM,
585
00:30:35,901 --> 00:30:37,903
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hYOU KNOW
THAT THEY ARE TAKING PLACE
586
00:30:37,936 --> 00:30:44,743
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h250 EXPLOSIONS IN
ALUMINUM CASTHOUSE SINCE 1980.
587
00:30:44,776 --> 00:30:48,980
{\an7}THE WORST EXPLOSION IS PROBABLY
\hTHE ONE IN SHANDONG IN 2007,
588
00:30:49,014 --> 00:30:53,919
{\an7}WHERE 16 PEOPLE WERE KILLED,
\h\h\h61 PEOPLE WERE INJURED,
589
00:30:53,952 --> 00:30:56,788
{\an7}AND THERE WAS NOTHING LEFT
\h\h\h\h\h\hOF THE FACTORY.
590
00:31:00,625 --> 00:31:02,026
{\an7}Narrator: POUND FOR POUND,
591
00:31:02,060 --> 00:31:07,599
{\an7}MOLTEN ALUMINUM IS THREE TIMES
\h\h\h\hMORE POWERFUL THAN TNT.
592
00:31:07,632 --> 00:31:09,067
{\an7}EACH ONE OF THESE INGOTS
593
00:31:09,101 --> 00:31:12,071
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hCONTAINS THE SAME
POTENTIAL EXPLOSIVE ENERGY
594
00:31:12,104 --> 00:31:14,673
{\an7}AS 50 POUNDS OF DYNAMITE.
595
00:31:14,706 --> 00:31:16,141
{\an7}FRANK AND CHRISTIAN BELIEVE
596
00:31:16,174 --> 00:31:19,010
{\an7}THAT THE EXPLOSIVE PROPERTIES
\h\h\h\h\hOF MOLTEN ALUMINUM
597
00:31:19,044 --> 00:31:20,546
{\an7}ARE DIRECTLY RESPONSIBLE
598
00:31:20,579 --> 00:31:23,549
{\an7}FOR THE RAPID COLLAPSE
\h\hOF THE TWIN TOWERS.
599
00:31:27,085 --> 00:31:28,820
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hSimensen:
THE WEIGHT OF THE AIRCRAFTS
600
00:31:28,854 --> 00:31:31,156
{\an7}WERE ABOUT HUNDRED TONS.
601
00:31:31,189 --> 00:31:34,426
{\an7}\h30 TONS OF THAT
WERE OF ALUMINUM,
602
00:31:34,459 --> 00:31:37,562
{\an7}AND THOSE WERE SITUATED
ALL OVER THE AIRCRAFT.
603
00:31:37,596 --> 00:31:40,632
{\an7}\hTHEY WERE ON THE OUTSIDE.
THEY WERE INSIDE THE WINGS.
604
00:31:40,665 --> 00:31:42,467
{\an7}THEY WERE EVERYWHERE.
605
00:31:42,501 --> 00:31:48,073
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hYOU HAD SOME PARTS
WHICH WERE MADE OF ALUMINUM.
606
00:31:48,106 --> 00:31:51,009
{\an7}\h\hNarrator: THEIR NEW THEORY
STATES THAT AFTER THE IMPACTS,
607
00:31:51,042 --> 00:31:53,444
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hANYTHING
UP TO 30 TONS OF ALUMINUM
608
00:31:53,478 --> 00:31:57,248
{\an7}\h\hLAY IN THE MIDDLE OF THE
BURNING FLOORS OF THE TOWERS,
609
00:31:57,282 --> 00:31:58,950
{\an7}AND ONCE IT BECAME MOLTEN,
610
00:31:58,984 --> 00:32:04,456
{\an7}IT HAD THE POTENTIAL EXPLOSIVE
\h\h\hFORCE OF 90 TONS OF TNT.
611
00:32:04,489 --> 00:32:05,890
{\an7}Greening: BEHIND THAT WALL THERE
612
00:32:05,924 --> 00:32:10,662
{\an7}\h\h\hIS THE FUSELAGE
OF A LARGE BOEING 767
613
00:32:10,695 --> 00:32:15,133
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hWHICH CONTAINS
ABOUT 30 TONS OF ALUMINUM,
614
00:32:15,167 --> 00:32:18,103
{\an7}\h\h\hAND I BELIEVE
IT STARTED TO MELT,
615
00:32:18,136 --> 00:32:20,005
{\an7}\h\hAND IT’S POURING
OUT OF THE BUILDING.
616
00:32:20,038 --> 00:32:21,139
{\an7}Narrator: IF THEY’RE RIGHT,
617
00:32:21,173 --> 00:32:23,509
{\an7}THE MOLTEN ALUMINUM
INSIDE THE BUILDING
618
00:32:23,542 --> 00:32:26,879
{\an7}PROVIDED THE EXPLOSIVE FORCE
THAT BROUGHT DOWN THE TOWERS.
619
00:32:26,912 --> 00:32:28,347
{\an7}Greening: THERE WAS A BOMB
\h\h\h\h\hIN THE BUILDING,
620
00:32:28,380 --> 00:32:29,982
{\an7}BUT IT WAS NOT MANMADE.
621
00:32:30,015 --> 00:32:31,884
{\an7}IT WAS MADE BY THE COMBINATION
622
00:32:31,917 --> 00:32:35,421
{\an7}\h\hOF ALL THE INGREDIENTS
THAT WERE BEING COOKED UP,
623
00:32:35,454 --> 00:32:37,623
{\an7}AND IT WAS JUST A MATTER OF TIME
624
00:32:37,656 --> 00:32:42,127
{\an7}BEFORE THE WHOLE THING BLEW UP
\h\h\hAND DOWN COME THE TOWERS.
625
00:32:42,160 --> 00:32:44,062
{\an7}\h\h\hNarrator: THE THEORY COULD
EXPLAIN SEVERAL OF THE QUESTIONS
626
00:32:44,095 --> 00:32:46,598
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hUNANSWERED
BY THE OFFICIAL REPORT,
627
00:32:46,631 --> 00:32:51,202
{\an7}INCLUDING THE EXPLOSIONS
\h\hHEARD BY 118 FIREMEN.
628
00:32:51,236 --> 00:32:53,872
{\an7}IF ENOUGH ALUMINUM REACTED
\h\h\h\hIN A SINGLE EVENT,
629
00:32:53,905 --> 00:32:57,008
{\an7}IT WOULD PROVIDE ENOUGH FORCE
TO DAMAGE THE STEEL SUPPORTS
630
00:32:57,042 --> 00:33:01,280
{\an7}\hSUFFICIENTLY TO WEAKEN THEM
WITH OR WITHOUT FIREPROOFING.
631
00:33:01,313 --> 00:33:02,581
{\an7}THE FIRES IN THE BUILDING
632
00:33:02,614 --> 00:33:05,150
{\an7}WERE CERTAINLY HOT ENOUGH
\h\hTO MELT THE ALUMINUM.
633
00:33:05,183 --> 00:33:08,853
{\an7}\h\h\h\hACCORDING TO THE OFFICIAL
REPORT, 15 MINUTES AFTER IMPACT,
634
00:33:08,887 --> 00:33:10,756
{\an7}AROUND 40 PERCENT OF THE FIRE
635
00:33:10,789 --> 00:33:14,826
{\an7}HAD REACHED TEMPERATURES
\h\hOF OVER 700 DEGREES.
636
00:33:14,860 --> 00:33:18,263
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hGratton: THE MAIN ALLOY
USED IN THE BOEING 767 WAS 2024.
637
00:33:18,296 --> 00:33:21,766
{\an7}\h\h\hIT’S GOT A MELTING POINT
AROUND 550 DEGREES CENTIGRADE,
638
00:33:21,800 --> 00:33:24,603
{\an7}\h\hSLIGHTLY LOWER
THAN PURE ALUMINUM.
639
00:33:24,636 --> 00:33:26,905
{\an7}Narrator: BUT THE SHOWERING
\h\h\hMETAL IN THE FOOTAGE
640
00:33:26,938 --> 00:33:29,107
{\an7}IS GLOWING BRIGHT YELLOW,
641
00:33:29,140 --> 00:33:30,975
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND ALUMINUM
ONLY REACHES THAT COLOR
642
00:33:31,009 --> 00:33:35,146
{\an7}\h\h\h\hIF IT’S HEATED TO WELL
OVER 1,000 DEGREES CENTIGRADE.
643
00:33:35,180 --> 00:33:36,715
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hGreening:
SO I STARTED TO QUESTION,
644
00:33:36,748 --> 00:33:39,351
{\an7}"WELL, COULD IT GET HOT ENOUGH
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO GLOW YELLOW?"
645
00:33:39,384 --> 00:33:41,052
{\an7}WE NEED REALLY HOT ALUMINUM
646
00:33:41,086 --> 00:33:44,122
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO BE CONVINCED
THAT THIS REALLY IS ALUMINUM.
647
00:33:47,092 --> 00:33:48,927
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
THE QUESTION IS CRITICAL.
648
00:33:48,960 --> 00:33:52,230
{\an7}UNLESS THE TEMPERATURE INSIDE
THE TOWERS WERE HIGH ENOUGH,
649
00:33:52,264 --> 00:33:55,701
{\an7}FRANK’S THEORY COULD FALL APART.
650
00:33:57,402 --> 00:33:59,404
{\an7}METALLURGIST CHRISTIAN BELIEVES
651
00:33:59,437 --> 00:34:01,606
{\an7}THAT THE TEMPERATURE
\h\hINSIDE THE TOWER
652
00:34:01,640 --> 00:34:06,945
{\an7}\h\h\h\hCOULD HAVE REACHED
THOSE INSIDE THIS SMELTER.
653
00:34:06,978 --> 00:34:09,881
{\an7}Simensen: MY EXPERIENCE
WITH ALUMINUM SMELTERS,
654
00:34:09,915 --> 00:34:14,820
{\an7}WITH MOLTEN METAL AND BURNERS,
\h\h\h\hTHAT THAT IS VERY CLOSE
655
00:34:14,853 --> 00:34:18,523
{\an7}TO WHAT’S HAPPENED
IN THE TWIN TOWERS.
656
00:34:18,557 --> 00:34:20,159
{\an7}Narrator: INSIDE THIS SMELTER,
657
00:34:20,191 --> 00:34:24,195
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIT TAKES 30 MINUTES
TO MELT 50 TONS OF ALUMINUM.
658
00:34:24,229 --> 00:34:25,497
{\an7}THAT’S BECAUSE THE FURNACE
659
00:34:25,530 --> 00:34:30,035
{\an7}\h\h\hIS PERFECTLY ENGINEERED
TO INTENSIFY THE TEMPERATURE.
660
00:34:30,068 --> 00:34:33,505
{\an7}Simensen: IN THIS FURNACE HERE
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIS ONE BURNER
661
00:34:33,538 --> 00:34:35,540
{\an7}WHICH IS HEATING UP
\h\h\hTHE ALUMINUM,
662
00:34:35,574 --> 00:34:38,544
{\an7}\h\hAND IT’S SURROUNDED
BY INSULATION MATERIAL.
663
00:34:38,577 --> 00:34:39,778
{\an7}Narrator: CHRISTIAN BELIEVES
664
00:34:39,811 --> 00:34:42,247
{\an7}THAT THE BUILDING RUBBLE
\h\h\h\hINSIDE THE TOWERS
665
00:34:42,280 --> 00:34:44,048
{\an7}ACTED AS INSULATION,
666
00:34:44,082 --> 00:34:47,986
{\an7}RECREATING SIMILAR CONDITIONS
\h\h\h\h\h\hTO THIS FURNACE,
667
00:34:48,019 --> 00:34:51,823
{\an7}ACCELERATING TEMPERATURES
\h\h\h\hTO 1,000 DEGREES.
668
00:34:53,858 --> 00:34:57,161
{\an7}\hSimensen: IT’S VERY SIMILAR
TO THE SITUATION IN NEW YORK.
669
00:34:57,195 --> 00:34:59,931
{\an7}YOU HAVE THE BURNERS
\h\h\h\hIN THE CENTER
670
00:34:59,965 --> 00:35:02,935
{\an7}WITH ALL THE ALUMINUM
\hFROM THE AIRCRAFT,
671
00:35:02,968 --> 00:35:04,169
{\an7}AND AROUND IT
672
00:35:04,202 --> 00:35:07,005
{\an7}IS ABOUT TEN CENTIMETERS
\h\hINSULATION MATERIAL,
673
00:35:07,038 --> 00:35:09,140
{\an7}WHICH IS THE BUILDING MATERIAL.
674
00:35:11,376 --> 00:35:14,913
{\an7}\hNarrator: THE OFFICIAL REPORT
APPEARS TO SUPPORT HIS THEORY,
675
00:35:14,946 --> 00:35:16,881
{\an7}SHOWING THAT IN SPECIFIC AREAS,
676
00:35:16,915 --> 00:35:21,119
{\an7}\hTHE TEMPERATURE REACHED
A SURPRISING 900 DEGREES.
677
00:35:21,152 --> 00:35:24,522
{\an7}\h\hCHRISTIAN’S THEORY IS THAT
AFTER CRASHING INTO THE TOWER,
678
00:35:24,556 --> 00:35:26,391
{\an7}THE AIRCRAFT WRECKAGE
\h\h\h\hCAME TO REST
679
00:35:26,424 --> 00:35:28,293
{\an7}IN THE CENTER OF THE BUILDING.
680
00:35:28,326 --> 00:35:31,496
{\an7}\h\h\hON THE WAY, THE PLANE
COLLECTED BUILDING RUBBLE,
681
00:35:31,529 --> 00:35:33,898
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIN PARTICULAR
THE GYPSUM PLASTERBOARD
682
00:35:33,932 --> 00:35:37,302
{\an7}THAT FORMED THE INTERNAL WALLS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND PANELING.
683
00:35:37,335 --> 00:35:39,170
{\an7}THE PLASTERBOARD RUBBLE ACTED
684
00:35:39,204 --> 00:35:42,140
{\an7}\hLIKE THE INSULATING WALLS
IN THE INDUSTRIAL SMELTER,
685
00:35:42,173 --> 00:35:44,142
{\an7}HEATING THE ALUMINUM
\h\h\h\hSUFFICIENTLY
686
00:35:44,175 --> 00:35:47,078
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO CREATE
THE BRIGHT YELLOW MOLTEN METAL
687
00:35:47,112 --> 00:35:49,214
{\an7}SEEN POURING DOWN THE BUILDING.
688
00:35:52,183 --> 00:35:53,351
{\an7}AND IF THE MOLTEN ALUMINUM
689
00:35:53,385 --> 00:35:55,954
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWAS CASCADING
DOWN THE SIDE OF THE BUILDING,
690
00:35:55,987 --> 00:35:58,223
{\an7}IT WOULD ALSO BE SEEPING
\h\hTHROUGH THE FRACTURES
691
00:35:58,256 --> 00:36:01,359
{\an7}IN THE DAMAGED FLOOR BELOW.
692
00:36:01,393 --> 00:36:08,700
{\an7}\hTHE ONLY INGREDIENT
NEEDED NOW WAS WATER.
693
00:36:08,733 --> 00:36:11,803
{\an7}BUT WAS THERE ENOUGH WATER
\h\h\h\hIN THE TWIN TOWERS
694
00:36:11,836 --> 00:36:14,505
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO REACT
WITH THE MOLTEN ALUMINUM
695
00:36:14,539 --> 00:36:18,009
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO CAUSE
TWO CATASTROPHIC EXPLOSIONS?
696
00:36:22,681 --> 00:36:24,016
{\an7}NUCLEAR CHEMIST FRANK GREENING
697
00:36:24,049 --> 00:36:26,351
{\an7}\hAND METALLURGIST
CHRISTIAN SIMENSEN
698
00:36:26,384 --> 00:36:28,753
{\an7}\h\hBELIEVE THEY HAVE FOUND THE
ANSWER TO SOME OF THE QUESTIONS
699
00:36:28,787 --> 00:36:31,356
{\an7}\h\h\hLEFT UNEXPLAINED
BY THE OFFICIAL REPORT
700
00:36:31,389 --> 00:36:34,025
{\an7}\hINTO THE COLLAPSE
OF THE TWIN TOWERS.
701
00:36:34,059 --> 00:36:35,861
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHEY SUSPECT
NIST MAY HAVE MISSED
702
00:36:35,894 --> 00:36:37,529
{\an7}THE TRUE CAUSE OF THE COLLAPSE--
703
00:36:37,562 --> 00:36:40,432
{\an7}ONE OF THE MOST POTENTIALLY
EXPLOSIVE METALS ON EARTH,
704
00:36:40,465 --> 00:36:42,467
{\an7}ALUMINUM.
705
00:36:42,500 --> 00:36:45,403
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hBUT MOLTEN ALUMINUM
WON’T EXPLODE WITHOUT WATER,
706
00:36:45,437 --> 00:36:48,206
{\an7}\h\hAND CHRISTIAN BELIEVES THAT
IN THE FLOORS BELOW THE FIRES,
707
00:36:48,239 --> 00:36:51,109
{\an7}THERE WAS WATER IN ABUNDANCE.
708
00:36:51,142 --> 00:36:53,411
{\an7}Simensen: THEY HAD SPRINKLER
\h\h\h\hDEVICE IN EVERY ROOM,
709
00:36:53,445 --> 00:36:55,914
{\an7}SO THE SPRINKLER DEVICE
\hWILL COME INTO ACTION
710
00:36:55,947 --> 00:37:01,052
{\an7}\h\h\hBECAUSE THERE HAS BEEN
NOTHING WRONG IN THOSE ROOMS.
711
00:37:01,086 --> 00:37:02,588
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
SPREAD THROUGHOUT EACH TOWER
712
00:37:02,620 --> 00:37:06,390
{\an7}WERE 30,000 GALLONS OF WATER.
713
00:37:06,424 --> 00:37:09,260
{\an7}\h\hIN THE EVENT OF FIRE, THE
SPRINKLER SYSTEM WAS DESIGNED
714
00:37:09,294 --> 00:37:14,366
{\an7}TO PUMP HUNDREDS OF GALLONS
\hONTO THE BURNING FLOORS.
715
00:37:14,399 --> 00:37:17,335
{\an7}\hCOULD IT BE THAT THE SYSTEM
DESIGNED TO PREVENT DISASTER
716
00:37:17,368 --> 00:37:22,707
{\an7}\h\h\h\hWAS THE VERY THING
THAT DESTROYED THE TOWERS?
717
00:37:22,741 --> 00:37:24,543
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hACCORDING
TO THE OFFICIAL REPORT,
718
00:37:24,576 --> 00:37:26,278
{\an7}THE SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
ON THE CRASHED FLOORS
719
00:37:26,311 --> 00:37:29,447
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hWERE DAMAGED
BY THE AIRCRAFT IMPACTS.
720
00:37:29,481 --> 00:37:31,817
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hHOWEVER,
EYEWITNESS REPORTS CONFIRM
721
00:37:31,850 --> 00:37:33,685
{\an7}THAT ON THE FLOORS BELOW,
722
00:37:33,718 --> 00:37:38,156
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE SYSTEM WAS
PUMPING OUT GALLONS OF WATER,
723
00:37:38,189 --> 00:37:40,758
{\an7}AND AS FRANK POINTS OUT,
\h\hTHE SPRINKLER SYSTEM
724
00:37:40,792 --> 00:37:44,162
{\an7}WASN’T THE ONLY AVAILABLE
\h\h\h\hSOURCE OF WATER.
725
00:37:44,195 --> 00:37:47,865
{\an7}Greening: THERE’S THE WATER
TO WASHROOMS, KITCHENETTES.
726
00:37:47,899 --> 00:37:49,467
{\an7}THERE’S WATER BOTTLES.
727
00:37:49,501 --> 00:37:52,971
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHERE’S, UH,
COKE MACHINES ALL BEING SMASHED.
728
00:37:53,004 --> 00:37:54,606
{\an7}THERE WAS PLENTY OF WATER.
729
00:37:54,639 --> 00:37:57,709
{\an7}\h\hNarrator: BUT WATER
ISN’T THE ONLY DANGER.
730
00:37:57,742 --> 00:38:01,179
{\an7}\hTHERE ARE OTHER SUBSTANCES THAT
CONTAIN THE COMPONENTS OF WATER,
731
00:38:01,212 --> 00:38:03,414
{\an7}OXYGEN AND HYDROGEN,
THAT WILL ALSO REACT
732
00:38:03,448 --> 00:38:05,750
{\an7}WITH MOLTEN ALUMINUM.
733
00:38:05,784 --> 00:38:09,788
{\an7}\hAMONG THEM ARE LIME,
IRON OXIDE, AND GYPSUM.
734
00:38:09,821 --> 00:38:12,023
{\an7}\h\h\h\hALL WERE PRESENT
IN SUBSTANTIAL QUANTITIES
735
00:38:12,056 --> 00:38:16,160
{\an7}INSIDE THE TOWERS.
736
00:38:16,194 --> 00:38:18,396
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hGreening:
THOSE ARE PRECISELY THE ELEMENTS
737
00:38:18,429 --> 00:38:21,198
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHAT ARE PRESENT
IN THE WORLD TRADE CENTER.
738
00:38:21,232 --> 00:38:25,303
{\an7}\hTHE GYPSUM IS GYPROCK,
WALLBOARD, PLASTERBOARD.
739
00:38:25,336 --> 00:38:27,672
{\an7}THAT WAS ALL OVER THE BUILDING.
740
00:38:27,705 --> 00:38:31,142
{\an7}THERE’S IRON OXIDE
ON THE STEEL BEAMS.
741
00:38:31,176 --> 00:38:34,346
{\an7}THEN YOU HAVE CONCRETE
\h\h\h\h\hIN ABUNDANCE.
742
00:38:34,379 --> 00:38:37,716
{\an7}[SIREN]
743
00:38:37,749 --> 00:38:41,453
{\an7}\h\hNarrator: BOTH TOWERS WERE
PACKED WITH MULTIPLE REACTANTS,
744
00:38:41,486 --> 00:38:44,155
{\an7}\hALL OR ANY ONE OF WHICH
COULD POTENTIALLY TRIGGER
745
00:38:44,189 --> 00:38:49,194
{\an7}THE LARGEST MOLTEN ALUMINUM
\h\h\hEXPLOSION IN HISTORY.
746
00:38:49,227 --> 00:38:51,496
{\an7}\hCHRISTIAN AND FRANK
BELIEVE THIS ANSWERS
747
00:38:51,529 --> 00:38:54,932
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hWHY AND HOW
THE TOWERS COLLAPSED.
748
00:38:54,966 --> 00:38:56,034
{\an7}THEIR THEORY COULD EXPLAIN
749
00:38:56,067 --> 00:38:58,336
{\an7}THE MOLTEN METAL POURING
\h\h\hFROM THE BUILDING,
750
00:38:58,369 --> 00:39:01,105
{\an7}AS WELL AS THE EXPLOSIONS
\h\h\hHEARD BY WITNESSES
751
00:39:01,139 --> 00:39:06,511
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THE MOMENTS
BEFORE THE TOWERS COLLAPSED.
752
00:39:06,544 --> 00:39:08,579
{\an7}THE THEORY GOES LIKE THIS--
753
00:39:08,613 --> 00:39:11,116
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hON IMPACT,
THE STEEL FRAME OF THE TOWERS
754
00:39:11,149 --> 00:39:14,386
{\an7}\h\hCUT THE AIRCRAFT
INTO LARGE SECTIONS.
755
00:39:14,419 --> 00:39:16,121
{\an7}INSIDE THE BURNING FLOORS,
756
00:39:16,154 --> 00:39:19,424
{\an7}THE BUILDING DEBRIS COLLECTS
\hTO FORM AN INSULATING WALL
757
00:39:19,457 --> 00:39:24,128
{\an7}AROUND THE AIRCRAFT WRECKAGE,
\h\h\h\h\hCREATING A FURNACE.
758
00:39:24,162 --> 00:39:28,500
{\an7}\hINSIDE, THE ALUMINUM
REACHES 1,000 DEGREES.
759
00:39:30,535 --> 00:39:33,471
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAT 700 DEGREES
ABOVE ITS MELTING POINT,
760
00:39:33,504 --> 00:39:38,042
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHE ALUMINUM
NOW FLOWS LIKE WATER.
761
00:39:38,076 --> 00:39:40,845
{\an7}FINDING CRACKS AND HOLES
\h\hIN THE DAMAGED FLOOR,
762
00:39:40,879 --> 00:39:43,682
{\an7}\h\h\hTHE MOLTEN METAL
LANDS IN POOLS OF WATER
763
00:39:43,715 --> 00:39:48,053
{\an7}FROM THE SPRINKLER SYSTEM
\h\h\hON THE FLOOR BELOW.
764
00:39:48,086 --> 00:39:51,389
{\an7}\hSimensen: MOLTEN ALUMINUM WILL
REACT WITH THE WATER UNDERNEATH,
765
00:39:51,422 --> 00:39:54,725
{\an7}AND YOU GET A HUGE EXPLOSION.
766
00:39:54,759 --> 00:39:57,228
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hGreening:
LIKE A BOMB GOING OFF.
767
00:39:57,262 --> 00:40:00,532
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hAT THAT POINT,
THE COLLAPSE IS INEVITABLE.
768
00:40:00,565 --> 00:40:02,767
{\an7}Narrator: DID THE FIREFIGHTERS
\h\h\h\hACTUALLY HEAR A SERIES
769
00:40:02,800 --> 00:40:07,271
{\an7}OF ALUMINUM EXPLOSIONS
\h\hINSIDE THE TOWERS?
770
00:40:07,305 --> 00:40:08,940
{\an7}WERE THOSE EXPLOSIONS
\h\h\h\hLARGE ENOUGH
771
00:40:08,973 --> 00:40:12,844
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTO CAUSE THE BUILDING
TO COLLAPSE SO UNEXPECTEDLY?
772
00:40:12,877 --> 00:40:15,246
{\an7}\h\hFRANK AND CHRISTIAN
NEED PHYSICAL EVIDENCE
773
00:40:15,280 --> 00:40:17,582
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hIF THEY ARE
TO PROVE THEIR THEORY,
774
00:40:17,615 --> 00:40:19,584
{\an7}\h\h\hAND THAT IS LYING
IN THE REMAINING RUBBLE
775
00:40:19,617 --> 00:40:21,419
{\an7}OF THE TWIN TOWERS.
776
00:40:24,622 --> 00:40:25,890
{\an7}UP UNTIL NOW,
777
00:40:25,924 --> 00:40:28,560
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hFRANK AND CHRISTIAN
HAVE COLLABORATED LONG DISTANCE.
778
00:40:28,593 --> 00:40:30,261
{\an7}NOW AT A MEMORIAL
779
00:40:30,295 --> 00:40:33,632
{\an7}\h\h\h\hFOR THE FIREFIGHTERS
WHO LOST THEIR LIVES ON 9/11,
780
00:40:33,665 --> 00:40:36,034
{\an7}THEY MEET FOR THE FIRST TIME.
781
00:40:36,067 --> 00:40:37,268
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hSimensen:
THE VIEW IS BEAUTIFUL.
782
00:40:37,302 --> 00:40:40,839
{\an7}Greening: IT SURE IS.
783
00:40:40,872 --> 00:40:44,409
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTHAT’S SOMEONE
WHO WOULD BE ABOUT MY AGE.
784
00:40:44,442 --> 00:40:46,678
{\an7}I WAS BORN IN 1947.
785
00:40:46,711 --> 00:40:48,446
{\an7}Simensen: MARIANNE SIMONE.
786
00:40:48,479 --> 00:40:49,747
{\an7}JENNIFER LYNN.
787
00:40:49,781 --> 00:40:52,617
{\an7}STEPHEN GERARD SILLER.
788
00:40:52,650 --> 00:40:54,485
{\an7}Greening: TO ME, THE AMAZING
\h\hTHING ABOUT WHAT HAPPENED
789
00:40:54,519 --> 00:40:56,488
{\an7}\h\hIN THE COLLAPSE
OF THE TWIN TOWERS
790
00:40:56,521 --> 00:40:59,624
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hWAS YOU HAD
ALL THESE INGREDIENTS
791
00:40:59,657 --> 00:41:03,427
{\an7}\h\h\hTHAT WERE THROWN TOGETHER,
THAT HAD A TERRIBLE CONSEQUENCE.
792
00:41:03,461 --> 00:41:06,197
{\an7}YOU HAD ALUMINUM THAT WAS--
\h\h\h\h\h\hBECAME MOLTEN.
793
00:41:06,230 --> 00:41:09,700
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hYOU HAD WATER,
AND THEN YOU HAD THE CATALYSTS.
794
00:41:09,734 --> 00:41:12,103
{\an7}YOU HAD IRON OXIDE.
\h\hYOU HAD GYPSUM.
795
00:41:12,136 --> 00:41:14,138
{\an7}YOU HAD CRUSHED CONCRETE.
796
00:41:14,172 --> 00:41:17,976
{\an7}THOSE ARE THE KEY INGREDIENTS
\h\hFOR A TERRIBLE EXPLOSION.
797
00:41:20,211 --> 00:41:22,714
{\an7}Narrator: PROOF FOR THEIR CLAIMS
CAN ONLY LIE
798
00:41:22,747 --> 00:41:26,317
{\an7}\hIN THE REMAINING RUBBLE
OF THE COLLAPSED TOWERS,
799
00:41:26,351 --> 00:41:29,821
{\an7}BUT THE MAJORITY OF THE DEBRIS
\h\h\h\hWAS PUT INTO LANDFILL.
800
00:41:29,854 --> 00:41:32,090
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hWHAT REMAINS
IS NOW IN THE POSSESSION
801
00:41:32,123 --> 00:41:35,960
{\an7}OF THE NEW YORK PORT AUTHORITY.
802
00:41:35,994 --> 00:41:38,296
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIF THERE WAS
AN ALUMINUM EXPLOSION,
803
00:41:38,329 --> 00:41:39,831
{\an7}THEN THE DEBRIS WILL CONTAIN
804
00:41:39,864 --> 00:41:43,334
{\an7}\h\hTHE TELL-TALE DROPLETS
OF EXPLODED ALUMINUM OXIDE.
805
00:41:45,803 --> 00:41:47,772
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h"MISSING EVIDENCE"
APPROACHED THE PORT AUTHORITY
806
00:41:47,805 --> 00:41:50,675
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hWITH A REQUEST
TO SEARCH FOR THE ALLOY,
807
00:41:50,708 --> 00:41:55,079
{\an7}BUT THE AUTHORITY REFUSED ACCESS
TO ANY MATERIAL FROM THE SITE.
808
00:41:57,081 --> 00:42:01,452
{\an7}\h\h\hSOMEDAY FRANK AND CHRISTIAN
HOPE TO FULLY TEST THEIR THEORY,
809
00:42:01,486 --> 00:42:02,954
{\an7}BUT UNTIL THE PORT AUTHORITY
810
00:42:02,987 --> 00:42:04,989
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hGIVES ACCESS
TO THE REMAINING DEBRIS,
811
00:42:05,023 --> 00:42:09,628
{\an7}THE TRUTH MAY NEVER BE KNOWN.
812
00:42:10,995 --> 00:42:13,664
{\an7}\h"MISSING EVIDENCE"
ALSO APPROACHED NIST,
813
00:42:13,698 --> 00:42:16,334
{\an7}\h\hTHE BODY RESPONSIBLE
FOR THE OFFICIAL REPORT,
814
00:42:16,367 --> 00:42:19,670
{\an7}\h\hTO COMMENT ON FRANK
AND CHRISTIAN’S THEORY.
815
00:42:19,704 --> 00:42:21,239
{\an7}NIST STOOD BY THEIR CLAIMS
816
00:42:21,272 --> 00:42:26,310
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTHAT THE AIRCRAFT
HAD DISINTEGRATED ON IMPACT.
817
00:42:26,344 --> 00:42:28,012
{\an7}ANY MOLTEN ALUMINUM, THEY SAID,
818
00:42:28,046 --> 00:42:33,418
{\an7}WOULD HAVE FLOWED DOWNWARD
AND QUICKLY RE-SOLIDIFIED.
819
00:42:33,451 --> 00:42:36,821
{\an7}AT THE TIME OF THE COLLAPSE,
\h\h\h\h\hNO LIQUID ALUMINUM
820
00:42:36,854 --> 00:42:41,025
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWOULD HAVE BEEN
AVAILABLE TO REACT WITH WATER.
821
00:42:41,059 --> 00:42:44,629
{\an7}FRANK IS DISAPPOINTED
WITH NIST’S RESPONSE.
822
00:42:44,662 --> 00:42:47,365
{\an7}VIDEO EVIDENCE CLEARLY SHOWS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hA MOLTEN METAL
823
00:42:47,398 --> 00:42:53,037
{\an7}POURING FROM THE SOUTH TOWER
MOMENTS BEFORE THE COLLAPSE.
824
00:42:53,071 --> 00:42:57,776
{\an7}\h\h\hGreening: JUST BEHIND
THIS STREAM IN THE BUILDING
825
00:42:57,809 --> 00:43:00,011
{\an7}IS, IS THE AIRCRAFT,
826
00:43:00,044 --> 00:43:04,215
{\an7}AND IT’S SITTING RIGHT IN THE
FIRE, WHICH IS EXTREMELY HOT,
827
00:43:04,248 --> 00:43:09,820
{\an7}AND THERE’S CERTAINLY ENOUGH
\hHEAT TO MELT THE ALUMINUM.
828
00:43:09,854 --> 00:43:12,457
{\an7}\h\h\hNarrator: NIST’S RESPONSE
CONTRADICTS THE VISUAL EVIDENCE
829
00:43:12,490 --> 00:43:17,929
{\an7}\hAND THE CONCLUSIONS
OF THEIR OWN REPORT.
830
00:43:17,962 --> 00:43:19,564
{\an7}IN A CRUCIAL PARAGRAPH,
831
00:43:19,597 --> 00:43:22,433
{\an7}THEY STATE THAT THE LIKELY
SOURCE OF THE MOLTEN METAL
832
00:43:22,467 --> 00:43:25,270
{\an7}SEEN IN THE SEVEN MINUTES
\h\h\hBEFORE THE COLLAPSE
833
00:43:25,303 --> 00:43:27,472
{\an7}WAS ALUMINUM FROM THE AIRCRAFT.
834
00:43:30,074 --> 00:43:32,343
{\an7}Greening: I AGREE WITH NIST
835
00:43:32,376 --> 00:43:35,579
{\an7}THAT THIS IS MOST PROBABLY
\h\h\h\h\hMOLTEN ALUMINUM.
836
00:43:35,613 --> 00:43:39,217
{\an7}WHAT’S INTERESTING IS THAT NIST
\h\h\hJUST SAY, "THERE IT IS,"
837
00:43:39,250 --> 00:43:41,185
{\an7}AND SEE NO FURTHER SIGNIFICANCE.
838
00:43:41,219 --> 00:43:43,354
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hI SAY THIS IS
EXTREMELY SIGNIFICANT.
839
00:43:43,387 --> 00:43:46,390
{\an7}\h\h\hNarrator: FRANK BELIEVES
THAT THE FAILURE TO INVESTIGATE
840
00:43:46,424 --> 00:43:50,094
{\an7}\h\hTHE ROLE OF MOLTEN ALUMINUM
IN THE COLLAPSE OF BOTH TOWERS
841
00:43:50,128 --> 00:43:52,831
{\an7}IS A CRITICAL FAILURE
\h\h\hOF THE REPORT,
842
00:43:52,864 --> 00:43:57,001
{\an7}ONE WHICH HAS OPENED THE DOOR TO
OUTLANDISH CONSPIRACY THEORIES.
843
00:44:00,338 --> 00:44:02,707
{\an7}ONLY THE PRESENCE OF ALUMINUM
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hEXPLAINS
844
00:44:02,740 --> 00:44:06,877
{\an7}THE MULTIPLE EXPLOSIONS HEARD
BEFORE THE TOWERS COLLAPSED.
845
00:44:08,846 --> 00:44:11,982
{\an7}\h\h\hGrillo: THERE WAS
A HEAVY-DUTY EXPLOSION.
846
00:44:12,016 --> 00:44:14,719
{\an7}\hJohnston: THE THIRD EXPLOSION,
THE WHOLE LOBBY COLLAPSED ON US.
847
00:44:14,752 --> 00:44:16,053
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hGrillo:
THIS GUY’S STILL TRAPPED.
848
00:44:16,087 --> 00:44:17,388
{\an7}WE COULDN’T GET TO HIM.
849
00:44:24,529 --> 00:44:26,431
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
UNTIL SAMPLES OF THE AIRCRAFT
850
00:44:26,464 --> 00:44:29,701
{\an7}ARE IDENTIFIED AND ANALYZED,
\hFRANK AND CHRISTIAN BELIEVE
851
00:44:29,734 --> 00:44:35,440
{\an7}THAT THE CONSPIRACY THEORISTS
\h\h\h\h\hWILL NEVER GO AWAY.
852
00:44:35,473 --> 00:44:38,543
{\an7}Greening: THERE WAS 60 TONS
\h\h\hOF AIRCRAFT MISSING.
853
00:44:38,576 --> 00:44:40,912
{\an7}\h\h\hWITHOUT THAT,
YOU’RE NEVER GONNA,
854
00:44:40,945 --> 00:44:43,915
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hUH, REACH,
UH, A DEFINITIVE ANSWER
855
00:44:43,948 --> 00:44:46,584
{\an7}AS TO WHAT CAUSED THOSE TOWERS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO COLLAPSE.
856
00:44:46,617 --> 00:44:49,253
{\an7}Narrator: THOSE WHO LOST
\h\h\hFRIENDS AND FAMILY
857
00:44:49,287 --> 00:44:51,656
{\an7}\h\h\hDESERVE TO KNOW
WHAT REALLY HAPPENED.
858
00:44:51,689 --> 00:44:54,158
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMcGuire: OUT OF
THE 343 FIREFIGHTERS WE LOST,
859
00:44:54,192 --> 00:44:57,629
{\an7}\hOVER 40 OF THEM WERE PERSONAL
FRIENDS, AND ONE WAS MY NEPHEW.
860
00:44:59,730 --> 00:45:02,366
{\an7}I THINK IF THEY DID HAVE
\h\h\h\h\hAN INQUIRY, UM,
861
00:45:02,400 --> 00:45:05,470
{\an7}REGARDING WHAT REALLY HAPPENED
\hAND WHAT CAUSED THE COLLAPSE,
862
00:45:05,503 --> 00:45:07,271
{\an7}I THINK IT WOULD BE GREAT,
863
00:45:07,305 --> 00:45:08,840
{\an7}ESPECIALLY IF IT WOULD SHUT UP
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHESE IMBECILES
864
00:45:08,873 --> 00:45:11,876
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHAT BELIEVE
IN A CONSPIRACY THEORY.
865
00:45:20,885 --> 00:45:23,121
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hGreening: IN SCIENCE,
THERE’S A VERY USEFUL PRINCIPLE
866
00:45:23,154 --> 00:45:25,957
{\an7}CALLED OCCAM’S RAZOR, WHICH SAYS
867
00:45:25,990 --> 00:45:30,094
{\an7}THAT IN DEVELOPING A THEORY,
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hKEEP IT SIMPLE.
868
00:45:30,127 --> 00:45:33,731
{\an7}I BELIEVE THAT IN THE CASE
OF THE WORLD TRADE CENTER,
869
00:45:33,764 --> 00:45:36,734
{\an7}WE HAD MOLTEN ALUMINUM,
\h\h\h\hWE HAD A FIRE,
870
00:45:36,767 --> 00:45:40,404
{\an7}\h\hWE HAD EVERYTHING YOU NEED
TO CREATE A TERRIBLE EXPLOSION
871
00:45:40,438 --> 00:45:42,206
{\an7}AND BRING DOWN THE BUILDINGS.
872
00:45:42,240 --> 00:45:43,742
{\an7}THAT’S THE SIMPLEST SOLUTION,
873
00:45:43,774 --> 00:45:47,378
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND I BELIEVE
IT’S THE CORRECT SOLUTION.
874
00:45:47,411 --> 00:45:49,480
{\an7}YOU WILL NEVER SORT OUT
\h\h\h\h\hWHAT HAPPENED
875
00:45:49,513 --> 00:45:53,784
{\an7}\hUNTIL YOU INCLUDE MOLTEN
ALUMINUM IN YOUR ANALYSIS.
107478
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