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NARRATOR: It was the greatest empirethe world has ever known.
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Unmatched in its brutality,
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its genius, its lust for power.
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For centuries, Rome ruled overa quarter of the people on the planet.
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This series tells the story of six critical moments
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that shaped that empire.
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How it rose, how it became great,
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and how it fell.
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There are stories of great soldiers, huge battles,
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and doomed rebels.
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There are tales of love and betrayal.
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And there are the emperors.
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The mad, the cruel and the brilliant.
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Tomorrow, we march on Rome!
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The Emperor's betrayed us again!
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I want them all to die!
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(CROWD CHEERING)
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NARRATOR: This is the 500-year story
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of the rise and fall of the civilisationthat shaped our own.
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And it starts withthe most famous Roman of them all,
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Julius Caesar.
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Who will fight with me today?
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SOLDIERS: Caesar!
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NARRATOR: How he overthrewthe government he served
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and brought revolution to Rome.
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Hunt them down! Hunt them down!
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MAN: Fall in!
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Fall in!
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Quickly, quickly! Move, men!
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MAN: Ready! Ready!
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Positions, move!
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NARRATOR: After eight years of war,Caesar's campaign in Gaul was reaching its climax.
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His army had finally cornered the enemyat the town of Alesia.
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Victory was in sight.
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But all that was about to change.
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(MEN YELLING)
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What?
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The Gauls have got reinforcements,
thousands of them.
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Well, we knew they'd turn up at some stage.
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- How many thousand, Labienus?
- 100,000. Maybe more.
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And where are they now?
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They've taken up position in the south.
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That means we're trapped. What should we do?
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I think we can deal with this, gentlemen.
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Stand to!
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Stand to!
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NARRATOR: Caesar's 40,000 troopswere now surrounded.
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They faced nearly quarter of a million Gauls.
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Close!
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(MEN GROANING)
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NARRATOR: The Roman armywas being pushed back.
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Defeat seemed inevitable.
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And then, Just as all seemed lost...
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Caesar!
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Who will fight with me? Who will fight with me?
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Will you fight for me? Will you fight for me?
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Signal the cavalry! Signal the cavalry!
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(HORN BLOWING)
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NARRATOR: This was Caesar's masterstroke,sending his cavalry round the back of the Gauls,
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trapping those who trapped him.
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(YELLING)
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(ALL CHEERING)
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Caesar's victory at Alesia is still regarded asone of the most brilliant in military history.
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But it was Just the beginning of the revolutionhe was about to unleash.
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Caesar, you've done it.
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It's over.
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This is a great day for us.
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It's a great day for Rome.
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Well, my service to Rome is just beginning.
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But the war's over.
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(MEN CHATTERING)
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NARRATOR: Caesar was not Just a soldier,he was also a powerful politician.
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ALL: (CHANTING) Caesar!
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Comrades, you have fought
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and you have bled and you have died for Rome.
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For the first time, all of Gaul is conquered!
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(ALL CHEERING)
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But Rome is not a place that loves her soldiers,
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or her people.
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Because Rome's fortunes are held in
the hands of corrupt aristocrats
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who profess to rule in your name.
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So, I will use my office.
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I will restore Rome to the very people
that made Rome great.
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Rome is yours, not theirs.
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Will you help me restore Rome to its people?
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ALL: (CHANTING) Caesar!
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NARRATOR: Even in 52 BC, news travelled fast.
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Rome knew about the victory at Alesia within days.
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(ALL CHANTING)
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Back then, Rome wasn't ruled by emperors,it was a republic,
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a largely democratic form of government,
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and Caesar's talk of political changewas popular with ordinary people.
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But the ruling classes in the Senate,
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the nearest thing Rome had to a parliament,were worried.
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What they feared most was that Caesar wouldbreak one of the fundamental rules of the republic
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and return to Romewithout first disbanding his army.
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His actions are illegal.
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He is a criminal and he must be prosecuted!
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He isn't fighting for Rome or the republic.
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He's fighting to make himself rich.
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His greed and ambition
are like a grotesque deformity.
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So, do you honestly think
he'll just come back to Rome?
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Oh, he wants to return,
at the head of an army to seize power!
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ALL: (CHANTING) Caesar!
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On.
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Caesar would be delighted with this.
Everyone shouting his name.
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They're fools if they think that all he's going to do
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is take money from the rich
and give it to the poor.
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He is interested only in
his own personal wealth and power,
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like every other senator
we seem to have, Marcellus.
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Of course.
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Not everyone enjoys the benefits
of your modest way of life, Cato.
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As leader of the Senate,
my position carries great responsibility
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and if it comes with certain privileges,
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well, I'm not about to refuse them.
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MAN: Caesar, Caesar, Caesar!
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Question is, what are we going to do about him?
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There's only one man in Rome
strong enough to take him on.
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Pompey is not one of us.
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Then we'll have to persuade him.
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NARRATOR: In his time, Pompey had beenRome's most successful general,
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conquering most of the eastern Mediterranean.
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But he had not fought for nine years.
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- Entertaining tonight, Pompey?
- No, Marcellus, we always eat like this.
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It's Cornelia's party. I'm sorry you weren't invited.
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I'll try and find it in my heart to forgive her.
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So, to what do I owe the pleasure?
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Caesar.
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NARRATOR: The Roman republic was bornout of fear of ever being ruled by a tyrant.
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Its founding principle was thatno individual should hold too much power
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and every political office should besubJect to regular re-election.
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But Caesar had demandedan extension of his powers without election,
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putting himself in conflictwith those fundamental rules.
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What's this?
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It's bat's blood mixed with oil.
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They say it's actually rather good for the skin.
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You should try it.
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You know the Senate
will never agree to your demands.
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Why not?
I mean, I conquered Gaul, people want me.
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Actually, you know, I'm a little bit of a hero.
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The law won't allow it.
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Yes, well, they're going to have
to change the law, aren't they?
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It's not just the law
that needs changing, Labienus.
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You can't expect a system
where everyone changes office every year
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to govern an entire empire.
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The republic has failed to move with the times.
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It needs reforming.
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Reforming or overthrowing?
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It needs strong leadership.
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(PEOPLE LAUGHING)
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(PEOPLE CHATTERING)
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NARRATOR: The problem facingCato and Marcellus
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was that Pompey and Caesarhad once been close political allies.
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Why do you think he retains his army?
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Because he's been through
eight years of hell with those men.
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It's because his army makes it impossible
to prosecute him.
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He'll disband before he reaches the border.
He's loyal to Rome.
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He's not loyal
and he needs his army to get rid of us.
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Maybe a dose of Caesar
is exactly what the republic needs.
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Pompey, you of all people know
no man is bigger than the republic.
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It's worked for 500 years,
yet he would sweep it away.
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And if he does, who knows what would happen?
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Chaos, mob rule, the whole empire could collapse.
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- Nonsense.
- Open your eyes.
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- See the reality of the man.
- I'm not listening to any more of this.
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Get out of my house.
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Pompey, my friend,
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we all hope Cato's wrong about this.
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And, of course, we've ordered Caesar to disband,
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but if he refuses,
we'll need to know whose side you're on.
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Side? You're creating sides.
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You're asking me to turn on a friend and an ally.
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You're asking me to start a civil war.
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You think we want a civil war?
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But if he threatens the republic,
who's going to defend it?
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Who else do we turn to?
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Rome's legions will be yours again,
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if you're prepared to lead them.
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NARRATOR: It was at this timethat Cato sent out a number of messages.
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Sir.
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One went to Labienus with an unexpected offer.
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Another he sent to Caesar,demanding he leave his army at the border
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and return to Rome.
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- You can't be surprised.
- CAESAR: Yeah.
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I'm not surprised at all.
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- It's the law.
- The law.
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The law... This isn't the law.
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This is Cato trying to
lure me back to Rome unarmed,
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so he can destroy me,
which is precisely why I choose to ignore it.
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Cato, the man who dresses like a pig farmer
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and brushes his teeth in his own urine.
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No. No, I shan't disband my army
under his conditions.
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- Then, Caesar, you're risking civil war.
- No, they are risking civil war.
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I'd very much like to see who'd try to oppose me.
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Pompey might.
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Pompey? Oh, no, no, he's old, you see.
He's been 46, actually, for the last 10 years.
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And if he did, he'd lose.
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You sound as if you want war.
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Look, Labienus, I... I don't want war.
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I just want justice for me
and for the people of Rome.
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Come to me.
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Of course I don't want war.
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ALL: (CHANTING) Pompey!
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NARRATOR: Any hopes that Caesarmay have had of peace were soon shattered.
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(ALL CHEERING)
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In December 50 BC, Pompey finally agreedto lead the republic against Caesar.
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Rome was now divided.
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- Caesar.
- Yes, what is it, Antony?
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Labienus is gone.
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Really? Where has he gone?
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Well, he's gone, Caesar. He's joined the republic.
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Poor old Labienus.
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I guarantee he'll live to regret it.
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His loss is your gain.
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You are now my sole deputy.
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Congratulations.
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Hyar!
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NARRATOR: That winter,Caesar and part of his army
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assembled on the banksof a tiny river called the Rubicon.
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A river so small that todayno one even knows where it is.
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Cheer up, Will.
We'll be in Rome soon and this will all be over.
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We'll be rich, huh?
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The Rubicon marked Rome's border,
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the line where returning generalswere supposed to disband their armies.
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Once we cross it, there's no going back.
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I know.
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Be in Rome in a few days and then finally...
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Finally, there'll be peace.
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I know what you want, Caesar. I want it too.
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But many Romans will die along the way.
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Is this really the way to reform the republic?
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The die is cast.
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I did not seek this fight.
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Nor shall I shirk it.
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Comrades, Rome is in peril.
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Follow me.
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(HORSE WHINNIES)
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Forward!
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NARRATOR: Caesar and his army marched south,moving faster than anyone predicted.
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Town after town fell to him.
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Panic swept through Rome.
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(PEOPLE CHATTERING)
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(WOMEN SCREAMING)
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It's time for the legions to evacuate the city.
We can't wait for civilian stragglers any longer.
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Labienus, assemble the troops
on the Field of Mars.
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- Yes, General.
- What are you doing?
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We asked you to defend Rome, not abandon it.
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- You can't leave Rome.
- Caesar has 11 legions, I have two!
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We can't withstand a siege,
Rome wasn't built as a fortress.
250
00:27:34,720 --> 00:27:37,792
You took the sword, you swore to defend us.
251
00:27:37,920 --> 00:27:43,233
I swore to defend the republic, Marcellus,
not its buildings or your personal property.
252
00:27:44,240 --> 00:27:46,629
And let's hope for all our sakes, you're right.
253
00:27:46,760 --> 00:27:48,796
General, we have to leave.
254
00:27:49,880 --> 00:27:55,034
I can defeat Caesar but not here.
We have to face him when we're strong.
255
00:27:57,440 --> 00:27:59,908
Not with our backs against the wall.
256
00:28:20,600 --> 00:28:26,072
NARRATOR: And so, on January 17th, 49 BC,the unthinkable happened.
257
00:28:28,160 --> 00:28:33,996
Rome, the capital of the greatest empirethe world had ever seen, was abandoned.
258
00:29:14,040 --> 00:29:16,952
Now I told you not to let him get away, didn't I?
259
00:29:17,080 --> 00:29:19,230
No one could have stopped him.
260
00:29:20,440 --> 00:29:23,432
I'm surrounded by fools.
261
00:29:25,280 --> 00:29:29,592
Well, you know what this means, don't you?
Do you have any comprehension?
262
00:29:29,720 --> 00:29:35,352
It means a longer campaign
in which more of you are going to die.
263
00:29:50,200 --> 00:29:54,671
What do you want to do now?
The men are exhausted.
264
00:29:55,920 --> 00:29:57,990
Well, I promised them Rome.
265
00:30:00,880 --> 00:30:02,677
Now they can have it.
266
00:30:06,280 --> 00:30:10,193
NARRATOR: Caesar decided to seizethe only thing of value left in the city.
267
00:30:10,320 --> 00:30:11,514
METELLUS: Caesar!
268
00:30:11,640 --> 00:30:15,235
NARRATOR: It was guarded by a handfulof remaining politicians.
269
00:30:18,280 --> 00:30:20,032
Let that man through!
270
00:30:24,240 --> 00:30:26,196
I know what you're after.
271
00:30:26,720 --> 00:30:31,510
Senate must release to me the emergency funds
from the treasury immediately.
272
00:30:31,640 --> 00:30:35,189
Those funds are for use
only in the event of invasion.
273
00:30:35,320 --> 00:30:38,073
There is no threat of invasion.
I've just defeated the Gauls.
274
00:30:38,200 --> 00:30:41,510
The only danger is from Cato and from Pompey.
275
00:30:41,640 --> 00:30:46,350
- Cato and Pompey are loyal to the republic.
- They are the republic's enemies!
276
00:30:46,480 --> 00:30:50,109
They want civil war
and I need those funds to defeat them.
277
00:30:51,320 --> 00:30:52,514
Never.
278
00:30:53,360 --> 00:30:57,273
Oh, very well, then,
in the name of the people of Rome,
279
00:30:58,480 --> 00:31:00,630
I'm just going to take them.
280
00:31:03,720 --> 00:31:06,837
You cannot take this money. It belongs to Rome.
281
00:31:06,960 --> 00:31:08,678
I can and I will.
282
00:31:09,760 --> 00:31:11,910
I've just freed Rome from the likes of you.
283
00:31:12,040 --> 00:31:14,554
You've gone too far.
284
00:31:14,680 --> 00:31:18,229
- Caesar has no authority here!
- Oh, do shut up, Metellus.
285
00:31:18,920 --> 00:31:23,789
It's far easier to kill you than argue with you.
Now, get out of my way.
286
00:31:36,280 --> 00:31:39,477
How much do you want
distributed amongst the men?
287
00:31:41,080 --> 00:31:45,232
None of it, they're going to have to wait.
I need it for the campaign.
288
00:31:45,360 --> 00:31:48,636
Shall I prepare the fleet to follow Pompey?
289
00:31:48,760 --> 00:31:50,637
No, first we head west.
290
00:32:00,480 --> 00:32:04,473
NARRATOR: Pompey had fled east to Greece,to where he had allies.
291
00:32:05,520 --> 00:32:07,954
But Caesar feared being caught in a trap.
292
00:32:08,080 --> 00:32:11,959
So first he headed to Spainto wipe out Pompey's supporters there.
293
00:32:18,480 --> 00:32:21,597
It took Caesar more than a year to subdue them.
294
00:32:22,880 --> 00:32:25,792
And by then, his men had had enough.
295
00:32:43,920 --> 00:32:46,195
Caesar had promised them riches
296
00:32:47,520 --> 00:32:49,750
and he still hadn't delivered.
297
00:33:16,160 --> 00:33:17,559
What is it?
298
00:33:19,880 --> 00:33:22,553
There's unrest in the ninth legion.
299
00:33:22,680 --> 00:33:25,638
Well, Antony, you know what to do, don't you?
300
00:33:25,760 --> 00:33:30,151
You round up the ring leaders
and you have them whipped.
301
00:33:33,080 --> 00:33:34,399
No, Caesar.
302
00:33:37,320 --> 00:33:39,276
All 4,000 have mutinied.
303
00:33:42,280 --> 00:33:43,349
What?
304
00:33:45,040 --> 00:33:46,632
The whole legion.
305
00:33:47,840 --> 00:33:50,229
What do they think they're doing?
306
00:33:52,160 --> 00:33:54,628
Don't they know me by now?
307
00:34:04,640 --> 00:34:06,392
Decimate the legion.
308
00:34:09,040 --> 00:34:10,189
Leave.
309
00:34:33,520 --> 00:34:36,512
NARRATOR: Decimation meant killing one in ten.
310
00:34:42,400 --> 00:34:45,472
Even then, it was seen as a barbaric punishment
311
00:34:46,080 --> 00:34:48,992
and hadn't been used for decades.
312
00:34:49,440 --> 00:34:50,839
(MAN MOANING)
313
00:35:10,800 --> 00:35:14,156
Unless something changes,
we could have more of this.
314
00:35:15,400 --> 00:35:19,996
Yes, I know, we shall have to end this war soon.
315
00:35:30,600 --> 00:35:35,151
NARRATOR: Weeks later, Caesar left Italyin search of that decisive victory.
316
00:35:37,680 --> 00:35:41,798
His plan was to surprise Pompeyat a town called Dyracchium,
317
00:35:42,200 --> 00:35:44,634
in what is now modern day Albania.
318
00:36:02,520 --> 00:36:05,557
- Most impressive.
- Forty thousand and growing.
319
00:36:06,160 --> 00:36:09,596
I was wrong, Pompey.
You were right to evacuate Rome.
320
00:36:10,200 --> 00:36:12,509
He'll never match your army now.
321
00:36:13,240 --> 00:36:18,394
I know Caesar. Everything he does
relies on speed and aggression.
322
00:36:19,680 --> 00:36:21,875
But that's also his weakness.
323
00:36:22,800 --> 00:36:26,554
He's impetuous, he doesn't listen to anyone now,
324
00:36:28,120 --> 00:36:30,680
and that will be his downfall.
325
00:36:30,800 --> 00:36:34,998
He won't be able to resist attacking us
despite these numbers.
326
00:36:35,120 --> 00:36:38,829
And then he'll discover
that he's not fighting barbarians.
327
00:36:40,440 --> 00:36:43,113
We'll win back Rome, Marcellus.
328
00:36:43,240 --> 00:36:47,358
And then you'll find out just how much
of your money he's stolen.
329
00:36:52,520 --> 00:36:55,910
NARRATOR: It happened exactly asPompey had predicted.
330
00:36:58,080 --> 00:36:59,718
At the battle of Dyracchium,
331
00:36:59,840 --> 00:37:04,118
Caesar tried the same tactiche had used against the Gauls at Alesia.
332
00:37:06,360 --> 00:37:10,148
He tried to encircle Pompey's armywith a much smaller force.
333
00:37:17,200 --> 00:37:21,239
But for the first time,Caesar had met a general who matched him.
334
00:37:25,160 --> 00:37:26,388
And lost.
335
00:37:41,120 --> 00:37:43,634
I should never have fought him here.
336
00:37:46,280 --> 00:37:49,078
I should never have tried to surround him.
337
00:37:54,200 --> 00:37:55,349
Never.
338
00:38:18,200 --> 00:38:22,557
NARRATOR: Caesar now took a huge gamble,retreating inland to regroup.
339
00:38:26,120 --> 00:38:29,430
Every step took him further from food and water.
340
00:38:34,880 --> 00:38:39,237
All Pompey had to do was to waitfor his enemy to run out of supplies.
341
00:38:45,080 --> 00:38:47,310
But he had problems of his own.
342
00:38:50,080 --> 00:38:51,957
We can't wait anymore.
343
00:38:52,200 --> 00:38:55,476
You've got one of the biggest armies
ever assembled, why don't you use it?
344
00:38:55,600 --> 00:39:00,310
Size doesn't guarantee victory, Cato.
We've no need to confront Caesar.
345
00:39:01,680 --> 00:39:06,390
Without supplies, his troops'll desert.
Time will win this war for us.
346
00:39:06,520 --> 00:39:08,715
I don't think you quite understand, Pompey,
347
00:39:08,840 --> 00:39:11,638
every day we wait
is costing us a great deal of money.
348
00:39:11,760 --> 00:39:13,591
Costing the Senate a great deal of money.
349
00:39:13,720 --> 00:39:16,871
You must engage and defeat him now.
We need a quick, clean victory.
350
00:39:17,000 --> 00:39:19,753
- That's what we're paying you for.
- Look, if we rush this,
351
00:39:19,880 --> 00:39:24,396
we lose our main advantage and then you'll
be losing an awful lot more than money.
352
00:39:24,520 --> 00:39:27,637
Armies are defeated on the battlefield,
not the parade ground.
353
00:39:27,760 --> 00:39:28,988
Oh, really?
354
00:39:29,120 --> 00:39:32,078
You'll never be stronger. Now confront him.
355
00:39:48,720 --> 00:39:52,918
NARRATOR: But Pompey was right.Caesar's troops were in deep trouble.
356
00:39:56,240 --> 00:39:58,549
The men are almost out of water.
357
00:40:00,840 --> 00:40:04,230
Are you saying we're defeated, Antony?
358
00:40:06,360 --> 00:40:07,429
What?
359
00:40:08,600 --> 00:40:11,910
Are you saying we're defeated, Antony?
360
00:40:13,000 --> 00:40:16,356
Ah, yes, I think that's exactly what you're saying.
361
00:40:17,120 --> 00:40:20,112
You'll betray me just as Labienus betrayed me.
362
00:40:22,040 --> 00:40:23,951
How can you say that?
363
00:40:24,960 --> 00:40:27,520
I've been at your side for 10 years.
364
00:40:27,640 --> 00:40:30,473
I've never once given you reason to doubt me,
I'm not about to start now,
365
00:40:30,600 --> 00:40:33,273
so don't you ever question my loyalty.
366
00:40:34,880 --> 00:40:38,475
Caesar, you're Rome's greatest general.
367
00:40:40,240 --> 00:40:42,629
She needs you now more than ever.
368
00:40:44,760 --> 00:40:46,239
(HORSE NEIGHS)
369
00:41:08,840 --> 00:41:14,392
NARRATOR: With his supplies running out,Caesar made one last throw of the dice.
370
00:41:14,520 --> 00:41:19,389
He tried to force Pompey to fightat a place called Pharsalus.
371
00:41:29,200 --> 00:41:32,510
Why doesn't he attack? He's got twice our number.
372
00:41:33,640 --> 00:41:36,393
Because he knows he doesn't have to.
373
00:41:38,120 --> 00:41:40,031
We must draw him in.
374
00:41:40,160 --> 00:41:42,549
We must make him believe that we're retreating.
375
00:41:42,680 --> 00:41:46,389
- We've tried that before.
- Yes, well, we just try it again!
376
00:41:47,720 --> 00:41:51,190
Those politicians in his camp
don't have his patience.
377
00:41:52,920 --> 00:41:56,310
Believe me, they'll force him to attack.
378
00:42:00,680 --> 00:42:03,478
Another day over. How long must this go on?
379
00:42:03,600 --> 00:42:06,797
- The army is...
- The army will do as I order them.
380
00:42:07,160 --> 00:42:08,912
Trust my judgement.
381
00:42:17,160 --> 00:42:19,435
Maybe your judgement has gone.
382
00:42:20,600 --> 00:42:22,750
Maybe you're too old now.
383
00:42:22,880 --> 00:42:26,031
Maybe the army would be
better led by someone else,
384
00:42:26,160 --> 00:42:28,515
someone less afraid to act.
385
00:42:28,640 --> 00:42:33,839
Marcellus, my decisions are not motivated
by fear or money.
386
00:42:35,040 --> 00:42:40,398
They're military judgements made to ensure
we win and with the minimum loss of Roman life.
387
00:42:41,520 --> 00:42:44,557
The trouble is, Pompey, I don't believe you.
388
00:42:45,280 --> 00:42:49,478
You know what I think? I think you rather
enjoy being at the head of an army again,
389
00:42:49,600 --> 00:42:52,478
so you can order your political masters around.
390
00:42:52,600 --> 00:42:54,750
It reminds you of the time
when you were important,
391
00:42:54,880 --> 00:42:57,075
before Caesar overshadowed you.
392
00:42:57,200 --> 00:43:00,192
Now you've got it back,
you just want it to go on forever.
393
00:43:00,320 --> 00:43:01,833
(EXCLAIMS)
394
00:43:01,960 --> 00:43:07,751
Look, I didn't ask to lead this army,
you asked me to! Well, fine!
395
00:43:07,880 --> 00:43:12,112
Well, if you're asking me to fight Caesar,
then I'll fight him!
396
00:43:12,240 --> 00:43:14,196
And on your head be it!
397
00:43:22,280 --> 00:43:25,397
NARRATOR: Pompey's army was enormous.
398
00:43:25,520 --> 00:43:27,954
45,000 infantry.
399
00:43:29,680 --> 00:43:32,353
Caesar had Just 22,000.
400
00:43:37,760 --> 00:43:42,709
In that summer of 48 BC,separated by a distance of Just two miles,
401
00:43:45,120 --> 00:43:47,395
Caesar and Pompey prepared their two camps
402
00:43:47,520 --> 00:43:50,353
for what would bethe decisive battle of the civil war.
403
00:43:50,480 --> 00:43:51,993
(MAN PRAYING)
404
00:44:14,080 --> 00:44:19,712
CAESAR: I want the lines of infantry three deep,
and must advance only on my order.
405
00:44:19,840 --> 00:44:25,198
And keep a watchful eye on the cavalry.
They'll be key to whatever he's planning.
406
00:44:26,480 --> 00:44:29,950
MARCELLUS: Back in Rome,
I can see no reason why anyone would contest
407
00:44:30,080 --> 00:44:32,310
my running for consul again.
408
00:44:32,440 --> 00:44:34,715
- Oh, I don't know.
- What's this?
409
00:44:36,560 --> 00:44:41,588
Pompey, just discussing how best
to govern Rome once we've won.
410
00:44:42,360 --> 00:44:43,588
No, this.
411
00:44:44,960 --> 00:44:50,717
Food, for the feast tonight,
in your honour to celebrate our great victory.
412
00:44:53,120 --> 00:44:55,759
Oh, quite right, mustn't pick.
413
00:44:57,800 --> 00:45:00,439
A lot of men will die today, Marcellus.
414
00:45:01,280 --> 00:45:02,508
Romans.
415
00:45:03,680 --> 00:45:08,071
Whoever wins this battle,
there's not going to be much to celebrate.
416
00:45:26,600 --> 00:45:29,114
NARRATOR: Pompey didn't Just havemore infantry than Caesar,
417
00:45:29,240 --> 00:45:34,439
he also had far more cavalry,6,000 to Caesar's 1,000.
418
00:45:37,680 --> 00:45:41,958
Labienus, we can win this quickly and cleanly.
419
00:45:43,120 --> 00:45:46,749
On my signal, take the cavalry
and charge Caesar's right.
420
00:45:47,560 --> 00:45:50,552
Encircle him and attack him from the rear.
421
00:45:50,680 --> 00:45:54,229
We'll trap him between
your cavalry and my infantry.
422
00:45:55,600 --> 00:45:56,555
Come on, boy.
423
00:46:14,720 --> 00:46:17,280
- Crastinus.
- General.
424
00:46:23,080 --> 00:46:26,231
I will earn your gratitude today or die trying.
425
00:46:26,520 --> 00:46:29,478
Oh, you won't need to die, Crastinus.
426
00:46:29,600 --> 00:46:32,831
You know me, fortune follows me everywhere.
427
00:46:44,200 --> 00:46:47,829
Come on, Pompey, show your hand.
428
00:46:55,200 --> 00:47:00,115
Soldiers of Rome, who will fight with me today?
429
00:47:00,240 --> 00:47:01,832
(ALL CHEERING)
430
00:47:07,360 --> 00:47:09,749
I did not want this civil war.
431
00:47:11,640 --> 00:47:15,997
Our enemies, our enemies
have brought it upon themselves.
432
00:47:17,800 --> 00:47:21,395
But the men we face today have denied us our due
433
00:47:21,520 --> 00:47:24,273
and they have corrupted the republic.
434
00:47:27,280 --> 00:47:31,114
Everything, everything I have done,
435
00:47:31,240 --> 00:47:35,711
I have done for you, the people of Rome!
436
00:47:38,520 --> 00:47:42,991
Today, there is only victory or death.
437
00:47:46,520 --> 00:47:49,114
And so I ask once more.
438
00:47:51,880 --> 00:47:55,589
I ask you once more, for Rome,
439
00:47:55,720 --> 00:47:58,109
who will fight with me today?
440
00:48:12,080 --> 00:48:14,753
CAESAR'S SOLDIERS: (CHANTING) Caesar.
441
00:48:22,760 --> 00:48:24,273
(HORN BLOWING)
442
00:48:27,280 --> 00:48:28,599
Follow me.
443
00:48:29,600 --> 00:48:34,310
NARRATOR: On Pompey's orders, Labienuscarried out the first part of his battle plan.
444
00:48:34,440 --> 00:48:37,637
Moving his cavalry opposite Caesar's right flank.
445
00:48:45,560 --> 00:48:48,597
Right, he's going right.
446
00:48:58,280 --> 00:49:01,556
Antony, I know what he's doing. Your sword.
447
00:49:07,800 --> 00:49:10,189
These are our lines, these are Pompey's.
448
00:49:10,320 --> 00:49:13,630
He's going to wheel his cavalry round
and attack our right here.
449
00:49:13,760 --> 00:49:15,352
He's going to try and get in behind us.
450
00:49:15,480 --> 00:49:17,914
Now what I want you to do
is take men from the third line...
451
00:49:19,240 --> 00:49:23,279
COMMANDER: You, you, come along, hurry, you.
452
00:49:23,400 --> 00:49:24,674
...you move them to the right...
453
00:49:24,800 --> 00:49:26,631
You, come on, move!
454
00:49:26,760 --> 00:49:29,957
...you keep them concealed
behind our cavalry at all times.
455
00:49:30,720 --> 00:49:33,393
That'll weaken the centre,
what about the frontal assault?
456
00:49:33,520 --> 00:49:34,873
Just do it.
457
00:49:35,000 --> 00:49:38,515
Whatever happens, make sure
he doesn't see you do it, wait for my signal.
458
00:49:38,640 --> 00:49:39,595
Go.
459
00:49:40,600 --> 00:49:43,398
NARRATOR: Caesar was risking everything.
460
00:49:47,120 --> 00:49:51,671
Thinning out his central battle linesto spring a trap on Labienus' cavalry.
461
00:49:54,080 --> 00:49:57,755
Everything depended on keepingthe entire manoeuvre secret.
462
00:50:00,920 --> 00:50:02,478
Hold formation.
463
00:50:04,400 --> 00:50:09,349
There's a hundred for the head of every centurion
and a thousand for Mark Antony.
464
00:50:33,280 --> 00:50:38,035
NARRATOR: On Caesar's orders,the battle began with a diversionary assault,
465
00:50:38,160 --> 00:50:41,436
an infantry chargefrom his weakened central ranks.
466
00:50:42,520 --> 00:50:44,431
Ready,
467
00:50:45,400 --> 00:50:47,072
forward!
468
00:50:47,200 --> 00:50:48,758
(ALL YELLING)
469
00:51:16,400 --> 00:51:17,753
Wait.
470
00:51:22,320 --> 00:51:23,514
Wait.
471
00:51:43,080 --> 00:51:44,115
Go.
472
00:51:44,240 --> 00:51:45,673
(HORN BLOWING)
473
00:51:46,120 --> 00:51:47,519
Follow me!
474
00:52:17,280 --> 00:52:18,508
Now.
475
00:52:18,640 --> 00:52:20,232
(HORN BLOWING)
476
00:53:02,120 --> 00:53:04,998
Disengage, disengage!
477
00:53:05,960 --> 00:53:07,313
Retreat!
478
00:53:42,320 --> 00:53:47,553
NARRATOR: The defeat of Labienus' cavalryturned into a full scale rout of Pompey's army.
479
00:53:50,000 --> 00:53:51,319
With me!
480
00:54:41,320 --> 00:54:42,912
(ALL CHEERING)
481
00:54:44,120 --> 00:54:47,669
Hunt them down! Hunt them down!
482
00:54:48,080 --> 00:54:50,036
ALL: (CHANTING) Caesar!
483
00:54:57,520 --> 00:55:01,069
MAN: Come on, move, move.
484
00:55:03,240 --> 00:55:05,276
Pompey, what happened?
485
00:55:05,400 --> 00:55:08,119
You wanted a quick victory, you got one.
486
00:55:09,200 --> 00:55:11,156
Why did I listen to you?
487
00:55:20,880 --> 00:55:23,030
NARRATOR: After the disaster of Pharsalus,
488
00:55:23,160 --> 00:55:26,470
Pompey fled to Egypthoping to raise another army.
489
00:55:27,720 --> 00:55:29,995
But there, he was murdered.
490
00:55:38,440 --> 00:55:42,274
Labienus went on fighting Caesaras the civil war petered out.
491
00:55:43,040 --> 00:55:47,079
But he too was killedin the final battle of the conflict,
492
00:55:47,200 --> 00:55:48,952
the battle of Munda.
493
00:55:54,600 --> 00:55:58,275
Cato was never able tocome to terms with Caesar's victory,
494
00:55:58,400 --> 00:56:01,949
and a year after Pharsalus, he took his own life.
495
00:56:04,960 --> 00:56:08,077
Marcellus was pardoned by Caesar,
496
00:56:09,200 --> 00:56:12,192
but later, he was mysteriously murdered.
497
00:56:25,400 --> 00:56:28,153
Caesar's victory brought an end to the civil war
498
00:56:28,280 --> 00:56:32,239
and the system of governmentwhich had served Rome for 500 years.
499
00:56:38,800 --> 00:56:44,636
He made himself dictator for life,effectively Rome's first emperor.
500
00:57:04,240 --> 00:57:08,153
But in March 44 BC,his enemies conspired against him.
501
00:57:19,880 --> 00:57:25,910
Though his reign lasted only four years,his killers could not turn back the tide of history.
502
00:57:34,240 --> 00:57:36,674
The age of the republic was over.
503
00:57:38,800 --> 00:57:41,951
The age of the emperors was about to begin.
504
00:57:47,120 --> 00:57:50,749
Next on Ancient Rome, Emperor Nero.
505
00:57:51,520 --> 00:57:53,750
Fire, murder, madness.
506
00:57:54,840 --> 00:57:58,879
A hundred years after Julius Caesar,Rome descended into chaos.
507
00:57:59,680 --> 00:58:04,196
This is the story of howthe most powerful ruler in the world went insane
508
00:58:04,320 --> 00:58:07,596
and took Rome to the brink of destruction.
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