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00:00:09,160 --> 00:00:10,720
From space...
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00:00:14,520 --> 00:00:15,800
..is breathtaking.
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00:00:30,000 --> 00:00:31,840
Satellites orbiting the Earth...
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00:00:33,240 --> 00:00:34,440
..can now look down on it...
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00:00:35,480 --> 00:00:39,480
..in absolutely
extraordinary detail.
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00:00:49,200 --> 00:00:50,880
Using cameras on the ground...
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00:00:52,000 --> 00:00:53,080
..in the air...
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00:00:54,200 --> 00:00:56,360
..and in space...
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00:00:56,360 --> 00:01:01,240
..we can tell the story of life on
Earth from a brand-new perspective.
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00:01:06,200 --> 00:01:09,440
At a time when the Earth's surface
is changing faster
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00:01:09,440 --> 00:01:11,800
than at any point
in human history...
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00:01:13,680 --> 00:01:17,280
..we can see just what
impact we're having.
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00:01:23,720 --> 00:01:25,040
In this episode...
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00:01:26,760 --> 00:01:30,960
..satellites uncover previously
unknown colonies of penguins...
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00:01:33,160 --> 00:01:34,200
PENGUIN CHIRPS
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00:01:37,160 --> 00:01:41,880
..reveal mysterious ice rings that
could put seal pups in danger...
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00:01:43,560 --> 00:01:48,480
..and make surprising discoveries
in Earth's most remote landscapes.
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00:01:51,800 --> 00:01:53,200
Behind every image...
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00:01:54,920 --> 00:01:55,920
..there's a story.
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00:02:00,000 --> 00:02:01,960
This is our home...
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00:02:03,040 --> 00:02:05,400
..as we've never seen it before.
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00:02:06,640 --> 00:02:07,640
CROWD CHANTING
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00:02:33,920 --> 00:02:39,760
At any given moment, over a thousand
satellites are orbiting the Earth.
24
00:02:46,560 --> 00:02:51,040
Some are capturing images across
the planet's surface so detailed...
25
00:02:53,000 --> 00:02:57,480
..that we can now see individual
animals from space...
26
00:03:00,000 --> 00:03:03,760
..while simultaneously
following them on the ground.
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00:03:08,840 --> 00:03:11,080
Kenya, East Africa.
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00:03:15,000 --> 00:03:16,960
The green of a river bank.
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00:03:18,280 --> 00:03:22,240
Look closely, and grey
bodies are just visible.
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00:03:24,440 --> 00:03:26,480
A family of elephants.
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00:03:30,360 --> 00:03:31,920
ELEPHANT TRUMPETS
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00:03:47,640 --> 00:03:49,160
They have a new calf...
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00:03:50,200 --> 00:03:52,040
..just over a week old.
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00:03:52,040 --> 00:03:54,080
ELEPHANT RUMBLES
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00:03:59,000 --> 00:04:00,000
ELEPHANT SQUEAKS
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00:04:03,920 --> 00:04:07,760
At around 100kg
and growing fast,
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00:04:07,760 --> 00:04:11,040
she needs to drink some
12 litres of milk a day.
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00:04:17,520 --> 00:04:20,200
But her mother is struggling
to provide it for her.
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00:04:23,080 --> 00:04:25,600
She hasn't fed properly in weeks.
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00:04:32,320 --> 00:04:35,080
In fact,
the whole herd is in trouble.
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00:04:35,080 --> 00:04:36,840
ELEPHANT TRUMPETS
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00:04:47,400 --> 00:04:49,880
And from space...
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00:04:49,880 --> 00:04:51,320
..it's clear why.
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00:04:53,840 --> 00:04:59,760
At this time of year, the family
is usually found 10km north,
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00:04:59,760 --> 00:05:03,600
in the relative safety of
Samburu National Reserve.
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00:05:06,080 --> 00:05:09,480
But satellite images reveal
that all is not well here.
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00:05:13,480 --> 00:05:15,320
The ground is deep orange.
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00:05:18,240 --> 00:05:19,640
Barely any signs of water...
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00:05:20,720 --> 00:05:22,720
..or green spots of vegetation.
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00:05:31,320 --> 00:05:34,920
Samburu is in the grip
of a vicious drought.
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00:05:41,000 --> 00:05:45,200
Northern Kenya has been struck hard
by the planet's changing climate.
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00:05:46,760 --> 00:05:48,920
INSECTS BUZZ AND CHIRRUP
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00:05:52,560 --> 00:05:56,840
This year has seen 25% less rain
than the average.
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00:05:58,680 --> 00:06:01,160
The dry season has been extreme.
55
00:06:05,360 --> 00:06:07,360
Animals are starving.
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00:06:10,360 --> 00:06:11,400
FLIES BUZZ
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00:06:20,600 --> 00:06:24,760
A desperate search for food
has forced the family
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00:06:24,760 --> 00:06:26,440
out of the safety of the reserve...
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00:06:28,200 --> 00:06:30,800
..to a few small patches of green,
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00:06:30,800 --> 00:06:33,480
dangerously close to
a busy main road.
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00:06:40,720 --> 00:06:43,880
ELEPHANT RUMBLES
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00:06:47,400 --> 00:06:50,200
Scrubby vegetation provides
a little to eat.
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00:06:51,720 --> 00:06:54,800
But here, the family could
be a target for poachers.
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00:07:00,400 --> 00:07:03,560
On the ground,
their situation is desperate.
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00:07:07,960 --> 00:07:13,160
But with cameras in space,
we can see what the elephants can't.
66
00:07:18,520 --> 00:07:23,680
From a satellite taking an image of
the whole Earth every 15 minutes...
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00:07:24,760 --> 00:07:26,200
..we can track weather patterns.
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00:07:34,960 --> 00:07:36,240
Over East Africa...
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00:07:37,160 --> 00:07:39,160
..clouds are building.
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00:07:41,040 --> 00:07:43,880
Rain is just six days away.
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00:07:54,840 --> 00:07:56,480
The calf is worn out.
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00:08:04,920 --> 00:08:07,360
But her mother will not
let her rest.
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ELEPHANT HUFFS
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00:08:25,320 --> 00:08:28,200
It's not safe to be so close
to a busy road.
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00:08:29,920 --> 00:08:31,400
They need to move on.
76
00:08:33,040 --> 00:08:34,440
But she's too tired.
77
00:08:35,480 --> 00:08:37,400
THUNDER RUMBLES
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00:08:48,520 --> 00:08:49,560
THUNDER RUMBLES
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00:09:01,880 --> 00:09:03,440
ELEPHANT GRUNTS
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00:09:09,920 --> 00:09:12,280
This is the first rain
she's ever experienced...
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00:09:12,280 --> 00:09:13,920
ELEPHANT SQUEAKS
82
00:09:15,760 --> 00:09:17,680
..and it's hard
to get to grips with.
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00:09:31,280 --> 00:09:33,400
Her mother encourages her
to her feet.
84
00:09:38,640 --> 00:09:41,240
She wants her baby out of
this dangerous place.
85
00:09:56,040 --> 00:09:58,840
Samburu is transforming.
86
00:10:33,560 --> 00:10:37,760
Elephants, scattered by the drought,
are now returning to the reserve.
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00:10:42,360 --> 00:10:55,080
And our family is with them.
88
00:11:21,840 --> 00:11:25,920
Overnight, one of the other females
has given birth.
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00:11:47,360 --> 00:11:52,040
The rain means the best start
for a new generation,
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00:11:52,040 --> 00:11:53,600
for this vulnerable species.
91
00:12:23,200 --> 00:12:26,600
And it's not just elephants
we can see from space.
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00:12:32,040 --> 00:12:35,240
Satellite cameras are finding
animals across the globe.
93
00:12:42,720 --> 00:12:45,360
The dunes of Namibia,
Southern Africa.
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00:12:49,200 --> 00:12:52,280
Tiny, dark spots line
the edge of the surf.
95
00:12:55,920 --> 00:12:58,320
Each one is a Cape fur seal...
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00:13:01,640 --> 00:13:04,440
..in a colony
several thousand strong.
97
00:13:15,800 --> 00:13:18,240
Over the East African Plains
of the Serengeti...
98
00:13:21,280 --> 00:13:25,880
..scientists monitor the size
of wildebeest herds
99
00:13:25,880 --> 00:13:27,320
on their annual migration.
100
00:13:40,160 --> 00:13:42,600
From 600km above Baja, Mexico...
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00:13:49,000 --> 00:13:52,560
..we can see grey whales
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00:13:52,560 --> 00:13:53,760
beneath the water...
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..arriving here to give birth.
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00:14:07,800 --> 00:14:11,640
This new technology is now helping
wildlife conservation
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00:14:11,640 --> 00:14:14,000
in the most inaccessible places.
106
00:14:16,920 --> 00:14:18,520
Antarctica.
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00:14:20,800 --> 00:14:24,480
A continent so hostile and remote...
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00:14:25,800 --> 00:14:29,200
..that studying life here is
incredibly challenging.
109
00:14:33,840 --> 00:14:36,440
But now,
satellites allow us to access
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00:14:36,440 --> 00:14:39,800
every square kilometre
of its surface.
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00:14:46,680 --> 00:14:50,600
And this has led
to an extraordinary discovery.
112
00:14:56,000 --> 00:15:01,880
Brown patches,
dotted across the ice.
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00:15:01,880 --> 00:15:03,960
Seemingly out of place...
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00:15:06,680 --> 00:15:11,280
..but they are vital clues,
helping us to find
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00:15:11,280 --> 00:15:13,920
one of our most iconic species.
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SQUAWKING
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Emperor penguins.
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This colony is full of new life.
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00:15:54,680 --> 00:15:57,480
Hatched just a month before,
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00:15:57,480 --> 00:16:00,920
the chicks consume pre-digested
fish and krill,
121
00:16:00,920 --> 00:16:02,760
brought to them by their parents.
122
00:16:08,320 --> 00:16:11,480
But the results of this diet
can be messy.
123
00:16:35,520 --> 00:16:38,360
Over 10,000 birds create
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00:16:38,360 --> 00:16:41,120
a vast amount...
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00:16:41,120 --> 00:16:42,520
of poo.
126
00:16:50,560 --> 00:16:52,240
A problem for the colony.
127
00:16:58,040 --> 00:17:01,440
At -20, all the water
is frozen solid.
128
00:17:03,360 --> 00:17:05,600
With nothing to drink,
129
00:17:05,600 --> 00:17:09,400
Penguins eat the snow beneath
their feet...
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00:17:09,400 --> 00:17:11,880
..which is becoming rather
unappealing.
131
00:17:19,840 --> 00:17:21,640
They need to find fresh snow.
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00:17:28,880 --> 00:17:30,520
The youngest chicks,
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00:17:30,520 --> 00:17:32,640
who aren't yet able to keep
themselves warm,
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00:17:32,640 --> 00:17:34,800
are carried on their parents' feet.
135
00:17:51,200 --> 00:17:53,840
Others should be walking by now.
136
00:18:05,280 --> 00:18:07,480
As each penguin moves to
find clean snow...
137
00:18:09,920 --> 00:18:12,560
..the colony slowly works its way
across the ice...
138
00:18:22,880 --> 00:18:25,360
..leaving a trail behind them.
139
00:18:30,720 --> 00:18:33,280
Over weeks, the patches spread.
140
00:18:35,760 --> 00:18:39,560
From space, a penguin colony would
be difficult to spot
141
00:18:39,560 --> 00:18:41,280
in this vast sea of white.
142
00:18:44,440 --> 00:18:46,480
But the marks they leave behind
stand out.
143
00:18:54,040 --> 00:18:57,760
And now that scientists know
what to look for,
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00:18:57,760 --> 00:18:59,440
they are finding more colonies.
145
00:19:03,840 --> 00:19:08,160
So far, 26 new colonies have
been discovered...
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00:19:13,680 --> 00:19:17,400
..doubling the known
global population of the species.
147
00:19:21,640 --> 00:19:24,000
A discovery at a crucial time.
148
00:19:27,000 --> 00:19:30,800
It is predicted that the sea ice
on which the penguins breed
149
00:19:30,800 --> 00:19:32,760
will recede, due to climate change.
150
00:19:36,480 --> 00:19:40,400
And as a consequence,
20% of Emperor Penguins
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00:19:40,400 --> 00:19:42,280
could disappear in the next century.
152
00:19:48,400 --> 00:19:53,320
From satellite, scientists are now
monitoring these colonies
153
00:19:53,320 --> 00:19:55,320
as they face an uncertain future.
154
00:20:02,200 --> 00:20:06,760
The view from space is allowing us
to make scientific breakthroughs
155
00:20:06,760 --> 00:20:09,680
in the most remote places
on the planet.
156
00:20:13,160 --> 00:20:18,520
In 2017, cameras captured a crack in
the Antarctic ice shelf...
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00:20:21,760 --> 00:20:24,400
..450 metres wide...
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00:20:28,040 --> 00:20:30,680
..and nearly 200km long.
159
00:20:34,440 --> 00:20:39,480
So inaccessible,
that the only way to track it
160
00:20:39,480 --> 00:20:41,640
has been from 600km up.
161
00:20:46,360 --> 00:20:51,080
Images taken over the year showed
the crack growing,
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00:20:51,080 --> 00:20:56,000
until eventually, a vast piece
of ice broke free.
163
00:20:59,200 --> 00:21:03,000
Four times the size of
Greater London,
164
00:21:03,000 --> 00:21:06,040
it is one of the largest
icebergs on record.
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00:21:18,320 --> 00:21:20,480
In a remote part of Alberta,
Canada...
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00:21:22,680 --> 00:21:24,320
..miles from civilisation...
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00:21:28,240 --> 00:21:30,600
..a strange, arced shape...
168
00:21:34,760 --> 00:21:36,320
..in the middle of the forest.
169
00:21:39,680 --> 00:21:42,800
This is the world's largest
beaver dam.
170
00:21:46,520 --> 00:21:50,520
Satellite records show that it was
built over the last 30 years.
171
00:21:55,120 --> 00:21:57,520
And it's now almost
a kilometre long.
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00:22:00,200 --> 00:22:04,120
No-one knew that the species was
capable of construction
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00:22:04,120 --> 00:22:05,520
on such a scale.
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00:22:10,640 --> 00:22:12,680
And in Mozambique, Africa...
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00:22:17,760 --> 00:22:21,440
..a scientist scanning through
satellite images
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00:22:21,440 --> 00:22:22,920
found a lost world.
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00:22:30,400 --> 00:22:36,240
An isolated rainforest, on top of
cliffs almost 500 metres high.
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00:22:38,560 --> 00:22:41,920
Completely untouched and unexplored.
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00:22:49,240 --> 00:22:51,040
Expeditions are now being launched,
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00:22:51,040 --> 00:22:55,440
in the hope of discovering
entirely new species.
181
00:23:08,520 --> 00:23:11,720
But other images are harder
to explain.
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00:23:18,040 --> 00:23:20,200
Lake Baikal, Siberia.
183
00:23:23,560 --> 00:23:26,440
The largest body of fresh water
on the planet...
184
00:23:32,240 --> 00:23:36,040
..its surface frozen solid
for five months of the year.
185
00:23:57,400 --> 00:24:01,840
But satellite images have revealed
something unexpected in the ice...
186
00:24:08,880 --> 00:24:10,920
..a huge, dark ring.
187
00:24:19,640 --> 00:24:23,400
Broken ice and meltwater
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00:24:23,400 --> 00:24:26,720
in a circle, over 4km across.
189
00:24:32,560 --> 00:24:35,480
A number of these rings appear
almost every year...
190
00:24:38,600 --> 00:24:40,760
..and in different parts
of the lake...
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00:24:45,040 --> 00:24:47,800
..each triggering vast areas of ice
to break apart.
192
00:24:59,680 --> 00:25:01,040
A potential disaster...
193
00:25:03,800 --> 00:25:05,960
..for an animal who lives
on the ice.
194
00:25:14,520 --> 00:25:16,120
The Baikal seal.
195
00:25:24,240 --> 00:25:27,680
This pup was born in the
depths of winter,
196
00:25:27,680 --> 00:25:30,560
spending the first weeks of her life
in and around an ice den.
197
00:25:36,640 --> 00:25:39,160
In the spring, the ice will melt.
198
00:25:47,560 --> 00:25:50,800
She has just two months to prepare
for life in the water.
199
00:26:07,400 --> 00:26:09,920
Moving around on the frozen surface
200
00:26:09,920 --> 00:26:12,360
helps her to shed her soft
baby coat.
201
00:26:18,800 --> 00:26:24,000
With claws like ice picks, pups haul
themselves across the ice...
202
00:26:43,320 --> 00:26:45,240
..bar the occasional slip-up.
203
00:26:54,120 --> 00:26:57,240
She's developing the muscles needed
to swim and to hunt.
204
00:26:59,640 --> 00:27:01,720
Each day, she grows stronger.
205
00:27:09,000 --> 00:27:10,400
But if an ice ring appears...
206
00:27:12,160 --> 00:27:17,520
..a pup without its adult coat
or full swimming strength
207
00:27:17,520 --> 00:27:20,960
could become stranded
on an ice floe
208
00:27:20,960 --> 00:27:23,040
or drown in open water.
209
00:27:28,360 --> 00:27:32,600
These melting ice rings
intrigued scientists,
210
00:27:32,600 --> 00:27:34,200
who launched an investigation.
211
00:27:42,880 --> 00:27:46,720
By studying satellite images
and taking measurements
212
00:27:46,720 --> 00:27:52,520
from beneath the ice, the cause of
the rings has been uncovered.
213
00:27:57,840 --> 00:28:01,560
Powerful warm water currents,
214
00:28:01,560 --> 00:28:04,280
rising and swirling in circles.
215
00:28:12,400 --> 00:28:15,640
As the ring begins to break apart,
216
00:28:15,640 --> 00:28:19,600
satellites show that the ice across
the rest of the lake is solid.
217
00:28:34,960 --> 00:28:38,600
She has time to prepare for
a life in the water...
218
00:28:41,080 --> 00:28:43,240
..once the ice finally melts.
219
00:29:00,920 --> 00:29:03,360
Ours is a blue planet.
220
00:29:08,440 --> 00:29:11,520
From space, we can see
how water defines the landscape.
221
00:29:16,720 --> 00:29:20,880
Ocean tributaries fan out like
branches on a tree,
222
00:29:20,880 --> 00:29:23,200
through an island
off the coast of West Africa...
223
00:29:25,680 --> 00:29:30,400
..while the veins of the Yukon Delta
flow into the Bering Sea,
224
00:29:30,400 --> 00:29:31,760
off Alaska.
225
00:29:37,160 --> 00:29:41,760
We depend so much on water
that we built our cities around it.
226
00:29:44,800 --> 00:29:45,800
Venice.
227
00:29:50,680 --> 00:29:51,720
London.
228
00:29:58,520 --> 00:30:00,240
Hong Kong.
229
00:30:07,400 --> 00:30:09,640
Wherever there is water
on our planet...
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00:30:14,040 --> 00:30:15,280
..there is life.
231
00:30:21,640 --> 00:30:23,600
Botswana, Africa.
232
00:30:29,120 --> 00:30:33,800
In the heart of the desert is
a vast, shimmering fan.
233
00:30:40,160 --> 00:30:44,560
Channels of water have created
a delta,
234
00:30:44,560 --> 00:30:50,600
that never reaches the ocean,
but disappears into the sand.
235
00:30:54,800 --> 00:30:56,560
The Okavango.
236
00:31:00,800 --> 00:31:05,280
From above, you can see a network
of tracks and paths,
237
00:31:05,280 --> 00:31:06,880
running through the wetland.
238
00:31:10,120 --> 00:31:11,880
Crossroads...
239
00:31:13,520 --> 00:31:15,240
..forks in the road...
240
00:31:17,520 --> 00:31:18,560
..roundabouts.
241
00:31:23,240 --> 00:31:26,720
Carefully constructed by Africa's
most unlikely architect...
242
00:31:30,440 --> 00:31:32,080
..hippopotamus.
243
00:31:41,760 --> 00:31:45,160
The delta is home to Botswana's
largest population of hippos.
244
00:31:51,160 --> 00:31:53,760
They wallow in pools
to escape the heat.
245
00:32:00,520 --> 00:32:02,880
But they can't escape each other.
246
00:32:15,120 --> 00:32:16,760
Males defend their territory...
247
00:32:20,320 --> 00:32:22,400
..while juveniles try to copy them.
248
00:32:28,960 --> 00:32:31,680
There are youngsters underfoot.
249
00:32:31,680 --> 00:32:33,960
GRUNTING
250
00:32:41,360 --> 00:32:43,680
And the females have had enough.
251
00:32:45,600 --> 00:32:49,680
They all need just a bit more space.
252
00:33:08,160 --> 00:33:11,840
As the sun begins to set
and the temperature drops...
253
00:33:16,840 --> 00:33:19,800
..the hippos leave the pools
to find food.
254
00:33:24,480 --> 00:33:28,640
The best grazing spots can be more
than a kilometre away,
255
00:33:28,640 --> 00:33:30,000
through thick vegetation.
256
00:33:38,840 --> 00:33:42,280
Their routes to feeding grounds
are retraced daily.
257
00:33:50,000 --> 00:33:54,200
Three-tonne bulldozers,
keeping the pathways clear.
258
00:34:06,960 --> 00:34:10,040
And, as all journeys originate
in the pool,
259
00:34:10,040 --> 00:34:12,760
the hippo tracks act like
release valves...
260
00:34:17,120 --> 00:34:21,080
..allowing water and nutrients to
flow deep into the delta.
261
00:34:25,640 --> 00:34:29,440
It's this movement that creates
the channels
262
00:34:29,440 --> 00:34:31,640
that sustain so much life.
263
00:34:48,720 --> 00:34:50,720
These hippo tracks have helped
to create
264
00:34:50,720 --> 00:34:52,520
a tangled network of waterways...
265
00:34:56,440 --> 00:34:59,320
..stretching for over 10,000
square kilometres...
266
00:35:07,040 --> 00:35:11,840
..transforming a desert
into an oasis
267
00:35:11,840 --> 00:35:14,400
in the heart of Southern Africa.
268
00:35:27,520 --> 00:35:30,760
Water isn't the only element
needed for life.
269
00:35:35,440 --> 00:35:40,280
From space, we can see an
extraordinary phenomenon at work.
270
00:35:40,280 --> 00:35:45,000
A surprising connection between
two distant continents,
271
00:35:45,000 --> 00:35:47,720
that supports millions
of animal species.
272
00:35:55,760 --> 00:35:57,520
A plume of orange...
273
00:36:01,640 --> 00:36:03,480
..hundreds of kilometres across.
274
00:36:07,520 --> 00:36:08,760
Dust.
275
00:36:14,200 --> 00:36:18,280
It comes from here - North Africa.
276
00:36:25,440 --> 00:36:30,480
What looks like a small, white scar
in the Sahara desert
277
00:36:30,480 --> 00:36:33,520
is actually the remains
of a vast lake.
278
00:36:41,520 --> 00:36:44,880
Once rich in life, now a dust bowl.
279
00:36:51,400 --> 00:36:54,080
Winds whipping across the lake bed
280
00:36:54,080 --> 00:36:58,040
lift nutrient-rich Saharan dust
into the air.
281
00:37:08,880 --> 00:37:11,080
By following the dust plume
day and night...
282
00:37:15,560 --> 00:37:19,360
..we can see it travel
more than 3,000km...
283
00:37:25,800 --> 00:37:27,360
..over the Atlantic...
284
00:37:42,280 --> 00:37:44,800
..to Central and South America...
285
00:37:51,680 --> 00:37:55,560
..home to the largest tropical
rainforest in the world.
286
00:38:00,040 --> 00:38:02,880
THUNDER RUMBLES
287
00:38:04,360 --> 00:38:06,360
It rains here almost every day.
288
00:38:13,040 --> 00:38:15,840
But plants need more than
just water to grow.
289
00:38:22,440 --> 00:38:26,040
Nutrient-rich Saharan dust,
290
00:38:26,040 --> 00:38:27,960
carried in the raindrops...
291
00:38:33,600 --> 00:38:35,240
..fertilises the soil...
292
00:38:42,920 --> 00:38:48,800
..feeding the forest and helping to
sustain more species of animals
293
00:38:48,800 --> 00:38:51,880
than anywhere else on Earth.
294
00:39:03,400 --> 00:39:08,000
It was only with satellites that
scientists were able to calculate
295
00:39:08,000 --> 00:39:11,920
that over 27,000,000 tonnes
of dust
296
00:39:11,920 --> 00:39:14,000
makes this journey every year.
297
00:39:17,560 --> 00:39:21,360
A gift that has helped to make
these rainforests
298
00:39:21,360 --> 00:39:24,360
some of the most diverse
on the planet.
299
00:39:30,280 --> 00:39:33,480
Ancient forces are at work
across our planet.
300
00:39:35,840 --> 00:39:38,840
Their impact etched
on the landscape.
301
00:39:51,640 --> 00:39:56,160
A 1,300km scar runs
through California.
302
00:40:00,360 --> 00:40:02,080
The San Andreas Fault.
303
00:40:05,920 --> 00:40:09,720
Created by the shifting
of tectonic plates
304
00:40:09,720 --> 00:40:11,640
over the last 30 million years.
305
00:40:19,640 --> 00:40:20,680
The Grand Canyon.
306
00:40:24,040 --> 00:40:27,160
Carved by the Colorado River,
over millennia...
307
00:40:30,400 --> 00:40:32,520
..now over a kilometre deep.
308
00:40:39,760 --> 00:40:43,680
And Uluru, Ayres Rock, in Australia
309
00:40:43,680 --> 00:40:46,360
has been eroded into an
island of stone...
310
00:40:50,080 --> 00:40:52,440
..over 500 million years.
311
00:40:58,360 --> 00:41:02,680
But now, we can see the
Earth's surface transform
312
00:41:02,680 --> 00:41:04,320
in almost real-time.
313
00:41:08,960 --> 00:41:12,080
In the South Pacific,
two islands...
314
00:41:16,520 --> 00:41:17,680
..become one.
315
00:41:26,880 --> 00:41:29,880
New land, formed in a
matter of weeks...
316
00:41:33,400 --> 00:41:37,520
..by the eruption
of an underwater volcano.
317
00:41:45,720 --> 00:41:50,800
Satellites allow us to monitor
dramatic change over time.
318
00:41:57,000 --> 00:41:58,960
And there's one change
319
00:41:58,960 --> 00:42:03,640
that fundamentally affects the
lives of animals -
320
00:42:03,640 --> 00:42:05,040
the passing seasons.
321
00:42:13,240 --> 00:42:15,360
These are the Himalaya...
322
00:42:18,680 --> 00:42:22,560
..a wall of rock, stretching
between India and China.
323
00:42:28,240 --> 00:42:30,280
When winter arrives,
324
00:42:30,280 --> 00:42:33,400
the Hengduan range in the East
of the Himalaya
325
00:42:33,400 --> 00:42:34,880
becomes locked in ice.
326
00:42:42,400 --> 00:42:45,640
The temperature rarely rises
above freezing.
327
00:42:50,840 --> 00:42:53,760
Most animals leave the mountains,
328
00:42:53,760 --> 00:42:55,560
choosing lower valleys
329
00:42:55,560 --> 00:42:57,360
to escape the extreme cold.
330
00:43:04,520 --> 00:43:05,960
But not all.
331
00:43:14,000 --> 00:43:16,240
Living 4,000 metres above
sea level...
332
00:43:20,400 --> 00:43:21,920
..Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys...
333
00:43:24,360 --> 00:43:26,840
..are the world's highest
living primate.
334
00:43:33,040 --> 00:43:34,640
With dense fur...
335
00:43:36,240 --> 00:43:38,840
..and a shortened nose
to avoid frostbite...
336
00:43:41,320 --> 00:43:42,920
..they're built for the cold.
337
00:43:48,520 --> 00:43:50,440
This male is a year old.
338
00:43:54,640 --> 00:43:57,760
Without a full adult coat,
339
00:43:57,760 --> 00:43:59,800
he huddles close to his mother
for warmth.
340
00:44:03,080 --> 00:44:07,720
In just a few months,
he'll leave her side
341
00:44:07,720 --> 00:44:09,200
and go it alone.
342
00:44:13,200 --> 00:44:16,240
Before then,
there are lessons to learn.
343
00:44:22,120 --> 00:44:23,360
The most important...
344
00:44:27,080 --> 00:44:28,360
..to find food.
345
00:44:32,920 --> 00:44:37,120
While other animals head
down the mountain to feed,
346
00:44:37,120 --> 00:44:42,040
the male must follow his
family up...
347
00:44:50,240 --> 00:44:51,800
..500 metres...
348
00:44:54,680 --> 00:44:57,760
..through some of the hardest
terrain on Earth.
349
00:45:27,480 --> 00:45:29,400
The slopes are shrouded in shadow.
350
00:45:35,560 --> 00:45:38,720
But there is a little sunlight
on the peaks.
351
00:45:40,560 --> 00:45:42,800
It takes the edge off the cold.
352
00:45:54,200 --> 00:45:56,040
But there's only lichen to eat.
353
00:46:09,200 --> 00:46:13,440
It will keep them
alive, but it's far from a feast.
354
00:46:22,160 --> 00:46:26,520
These monkeys endure winter on these
peaks for good reason...
355
00:46:29,240 --> 00:46:33,960
..which becomes clear
when you look down from space.
356
00:46:39,560 --> 00:46:42,920
Most of the Himalaya
run west to east,
357
00:46:42,920 --> 00:46:45,560
forming a barrier to tropical air
moving north.
358
00:46:49,680 --> 00:46:53,040
But the valleys of the Hengduans
run north to south.
359
00:46:57,640 --> 00:47:02,600
This allows warm, moist air
to funnel up the deep valleys.
360
00:47:10,480 --> 00:47:12,440
By combining satellite images...
361
00:47:18,040 --> 00:47:21,800
..we can watch the mountains
transform, as spring arrives.
362
00:47:29,320 --> 00:47:32,640
The tropical air increases
plant growth,
363
00:47:32,640 --> 00:47:34,280
creating a unique environment.
364
00:47:40,960 --> 00:47:45,640
Amongst the lush greens,
bursts of colour.
365
00:48:02,200 --> 00:48:06,200
Rhododendrons bloom in
their thousands.
366
00:48:20,760 --> 00:48:22,440
By toughing it out,
367
00:48:22,440 --> 00:48:25,200
the monkeys are rewarded
with a paradise.
368
00:48:32,640 --> 00:48:36,840
A secret kingdom, where they can
feed without competition.
369
00:48:44,960 --> 00:48:48,200
Sweet rhododendron nectar
is a real treat.
370
00:49:05,200 --> 00:49:07,800
Spring brings new life to the troop.
371
00:49:16,840 --> 00:49:18,480
With the mothers hands full...
372
00:49:20,520 --> 00:49:24,440
..it's this male's cue to
start out on his own.
373
00:49:27,680 --> 00:49:29,680
Making the most of this new world...
374
00:49:32,200 --> 00:49:35,320
..before winter reclaims it again.
375
00:49:47,440 --> 00:49:49,200
While satellites allow us
376
00:49:49,200 --> 00:49:51,520
to explore Earth's most remote
landscapes...
377
00:49:55,600 --> 00:49:58,080
..we can also see our cities.
378
00:50:05,600 --> 00:50:07,320
Find famous landmarks...
379
00:50:16,120 --> 00:50:19,000
..and even ourselves.
380
00:50:28,120 --> 00:50:32,520
In Mecca, pilgrims from across
the globe come together
381
00:50:32,520 --> 00:50:34,480
to worship during the Hajj.
382
00:50:43,720 --> 00:50:48,120
In the UK, the green fields
of Glastonbury
383
00:50:48,120 --> 00:50:52,240
transform into the world's
most iconic festival.
384
00:50:58,240 --> 00:50:59,640
In the desert of Nevada...
385
00:51:02,080 --> 00:51:08,280
..a crescent is formed by 50,000
revellers at Burning Man festival.
386
00:51:15,560 --> 00:51:20,800
And crowds gather in the Vatican
to hear the Pope speak at Easter.
387
00:51:35,560 --> 00:51:41,920
In central China is the small
city of Dengfeng.
388
00:51:45,800 --> 00:51:50,960
Amongst the shapes of buildings,
bright red circles.
389
00:51:55,160 --> 00:51:57,560
Shaolin Kung Fu students.
390
00:52:18,400 --> 00:52:23,640
13-year-old Xing Yu La goes to a
very different kind of school.
391
00:52:23,640 --> 00:52:26,720
THEY SHOUT OUT
392
00:52:32,200 --> 00:52:34,760
The students here spend
their school life
393
00:52:34,760 --> 00:52:39,040
mastering the art of
Shaolin Kung Fu.
394
00:52:39,040 --> 00:52:42,000
SHOUTING
395
00:52:45,040 --> 00:52:48,320
Kung fu means hard training,
396
00:52:48,320 --> 00:52:52,680
and to be a champion takes
years of dedication.
397
00:53:06,120 --> 00:53:10,360
As well as normal lessons, Xing Yu
spends six hours a day...
398
00:53:12,560 --> 00:53:13,920
..six days a week...
399
00:53:15,760 --> 00:53:18,640
..learning multiple
martial art disciplines.
400
00:53:20,480 --> 00:53:21,560
Ah!
401
00:53:25,840 --> 00:53:27,200
Ah!
402
00:53:32,440 --> 00:53:34,640
And all his training
403
00:53:34,640 --> 00:53:38,000
culminates in a very special
performance.
404
00:53:59,880 --> 00:54:02,480
Xing Yu is part of a display
so impressive...
405
00:54:06,320 --> 00:54:07,400
Ah!
406
00:54:08,960 --> 00:54:11,040
..that while we film them
on the ground...
407
00:54:13,760 --> 00:54:15,440
..at the same moment,
408
00:54:15,440 --> 00:54:18,200
satellites capture the shapes
they make.
409
00:54:22,040 --> 00:54:28,080
THEY SHOUT TOGETHER
410
00:54:45,600 --> 00:54:48,400
A series of precise kung fu moves...
411
00:54:52,880 --> 00:54:55,400
..creating patterns visible
far above.
412
00:54:59,320 --> 00:55:03,760
Thousands of students performing
in perfect synchronicity.
413
00:55:45,920 --> 00:55:49,920
We first went into space to
discover other worlds.
414
00:55:53,080 --> 00:55:57,080
But it's only when we look back
that we realise
415
00:55:57,080 --> 00:56:00,680
just how special our home really is.
416
00:56:08,800 --> 00:56:10,000
Next time...
417
00:56:11,440 --> 00:56:14,520
..the view from space reveals
extraordinary landscapes...
418
00:56:17,760 --> 00:56:19,960
..covered in strange shapes...
419
00:56:22,160 --> 00:56:23,840
..and mysterious patterns.
420
00:56:30,400 --> 00:56:33,200
Water transforms Brazilian
sand dunes.
421
00:56:39,120 --> 00:56:41,320
A lake in China disappears...
422
00:56:43,280 --> 00:56:44,720
..leading to conflict.
423
00:56:49,640 --> 00:56:52,600
And the twists and turns
of the Amazon
424
00:56:52,600 --> 00:56:55,160
are the last hope
for vulnerable manatees.
425
00:57:01,840 --> 00:57:03,240
This is our home...
426
00:57:04,560 --> 00:57:07,320
..as you've never seen it before.
427
00:57:11,120 --> 00:57:16,360
The Open University has produced a
poster exploring Earth from space.
428
00:57:16,360 --> 00:57:17,680
To order your free copy, call...
429
00:57:21,320 --> 00:57:22,960
Or go to...
430
00:57:25,800 --> 00:57:28,240
..and follow the links to the
Open University.
32953
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