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- Some call this,
"The Land God Made in Anger."
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Others, "The Gates of Hell."
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Scorching heat.
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Shimmering mirages.
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The deserts of Namibia
in South West Africa.
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This is a hostile place.
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Yet there's life here in abundance.
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How do these creatures survive?
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Animals this size are rare in the desert.
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Large bodies need huge
quantities of food and water.
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In the deserts of Namibia,
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both are in short supply.
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Some of the largest animals on the planet
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flourishing in one of the
driest landscapes on Earth.
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Namibia's desert kingdom is
framed by two enduring rivers,
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to the north and the south.
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You can travel for days here
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and see nothing but dust and sand.
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00:02:15,690 --> 00:02:18,900
The secret to survival
in this barren landscape
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lies in these vast, dry
valleys cut through the land.
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River beds with no sign of water.
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Yet here, even without
rain, life clings on.
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00:02:59,280 --> 00:03:03,483
These rivers of sand are
the desert's beating heart.
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Strangely, the Namib
Desert is created by water.
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Far inland, rivers flow
through the mountains.
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This is a land of rock and water.
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And with so much water,
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there's no shortage of life.
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Rock hyraxes make their homes
on the steep valley sides.
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Swifts nest here by the thousand
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and they're constantly on the
wing in search of insects.
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Over millions of years,
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water wears away the rock.
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It carves deep gorges,
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grinds mountains into sand,
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and washes it down towards the sea.
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Eventually, sandy sediment
flows from the river's mouth,
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and settles on the ocean floor.
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Here, a new force takes hold.
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00:05:00,030 --> 00:05:02,640
The powerful Benguela current sweeps
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the sand northwards along the coast,
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and back in towards land.
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Tides and storms deposit
it along the desert coast.
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Billions of tons of sand are dumped here,
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then driven inland by
the relentless trade wind
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to create the vast, beautiful,
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and hostile dunes of Namibia's desert.
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No rain.
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No water.
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Just sand.
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It blows across the empty plains,
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swirls through the dry valleys
that cut through the desert.
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The valley floor is home to creatures
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that could survive nowhere else here.
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Springbok.
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Oryx.
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Even elephants.
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The trees are a clue to
these animals' survival.
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Plants cannot grow without
one vital ingredient.
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Somewhere here, there is water.
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It's so dry in the Namib Desert
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that water usually only
flows down these sand valleys
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for a month or two each year.
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Even then, the river
rarely reaches the sea.
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The sand is deep and dry.
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The water sinks away.
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Only the deepest roots can find it.
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It's what makes life here possible.
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Even a full-grown bull elephant struggles
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to reach the good stuff.
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It's time to get creative.
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Elephants are social animals.
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They're not all tall enough to reach,
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so once the branch is down,
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it's not long before others want to share.
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The bull's having none of it.
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Well, maybe he could let the
youngster have just a bit.
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By the time the rest of the gang arrive,
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there's nothing left.
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00:10:00,930 --> 00:10:03,840
The fact that so many
elephants can live here
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is testament to their
extraordinary survival skills.
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The babies of these
desert elephants suckle
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from their mothers for up to seven years.
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Much longer than their
cousins on the savannah.
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Without that, it's
unlikely they'd survive.
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00:10:29,940 --> 00:10:32,703
Adult males are mostly solitary.
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They live away from the herd.
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00:10:36,780 --> 00:10:39,633
And this one has had enough of company.
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He's off.
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00:10:54,780 --> 00:10:58,752
These old giants know
every inch of the desert.
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00:11:40,620 --> 00:11:43,680
They know exactly where to find food,
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and they know how long it may be
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before the river flows again.
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00:12:02,130 --> 00:12:04,260
Moisture trapped beneath the sand
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is not the only source of water here.
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00:12:18,180 --> 00:12:21,090
The same trade winds that create the dunes
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also nourish the plants.
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00:12:30,106 --> 00:12:34,773
The weather along Namibia's
coast is notoriously brutal.
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The shoreline is littered with wrecks.
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Those who survived the sea
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mostly died of thirst or exposure.
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The few who lived to tell the
tale gave this shore its name,
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the Skeleton Coast.
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00:13:29,061 --> 00:13:32,070
But these same currents
that threaten ships
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00:13:32,070 --> 00:13:33,723
also water the desert.
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00:13:41,880 --> 00:13:45,423
Cold seawater is heated
by the warm desert shore.
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00:13:51,960 --> 00:13:54,279
Moisture rises into the air.
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00:14:02,010 --> 00:14:03,510
From time to time,
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the trade winds blow
this humid air inland.
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00:14:12,240 --> 00:14:14,853
Banks of mist drift across the desert.
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In the sand river,
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in the cool of the morning,
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water condenses on the leaves.
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For one ephemeral hour
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it's almost as though it had rained.
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00:15:12,145 --> 00:15:14,995
But soon reality returns.
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For desert giraffes,
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finding food is only half the battle.
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00:15:30,090 --> 00:15:33,003
The hard part is winning a mate.
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These two males are normally content
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in each other's company.
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00:15:44,550 --> 00:15:47,511
But when a female comes by, that changes.
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Male giraffes impress females by sparring.
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This fight is comparatively gentle.
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00:16:34,740 --> 00:16:36,406
They can be brutal.
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The female's not impressed.
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She may not be ready.
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00:16:48,930 --> 00:16:51,753
Or perhaps she's aware
that they're not alone.
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00:17:17,640 --> 00:17:21,663
A lion pride this size is
extremely rare in the desert.
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00:17:22,890 --> 00:17:25,623
Three females and five cubs.
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00:17:30,960 --> 00:17:32,493
There is enough prey for them,
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but these desert lions
have been persecuted
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by humans to near extinction.
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00:17:41,190 --> 00:17:44,793
Many of the animals that
remain now wear radio collars.
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00:17:46,140 --> 00:17:48,120
Tracking the prides provides
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some small measure of protection.
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Here, for now, they
are comparatively safe.
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There's time to play in
the cool of the morning.
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00:18:11,100 --> 00:18:12,933
There's a whole world to explore.
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00:18:30,660 --> 00:18:33,244
But there are hard times ahead.
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00:18:42,690 --> 00:18:46,113
The sand river has been
dry for almost a year.
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00:18:47,970 --> 00:18:50,010
And with every passing day,
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the land grows drier.
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00:18:53,850 --> 00:18:56,793
It could be months
before water flows again.
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00:19:03,840 --> 00:19:05,133
Yet life goes on.
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00:19:14,550 --> 00:19:17,223
Lovebirds shelter in
the shade of the rocks.
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00:19:22,170 --> 00:19:24,270
There are still seeds for them to feed on,
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00:19:25,440 --> 00:19:28,233
and a new generation
of lovebirds to create.
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00:19:33,960 --> 00:19:36,210
Baboons thrive here.
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00:19:36,210 --> 00:19:37,893
These are true survivors.
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00:19:39,720 --> 00:19:42,873
They too find shelter on the
sand river's rocky walls.
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Fruits and leaves
provide welcome moisture.
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In the sand river,
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00:20:27,840 --> 00:20:31,023
food can be found if
you know where to look.
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00:20:37,290 --> 00:20:41,013
The older more experienced
baboons rarely go hungry.
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Food is not the problem.
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00:20:55,020 --> 00:20:57,500
As always here, it's water.
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A meerkat family finds just enough
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to eat on the slopes above the valley.
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00:21:16,830 --> 00:21:19,773
They can survive here because
they don't need to drink.
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They get all the water
they need from their food.
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It's a small family,
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just five adults and three babies.
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It's all the land can support.
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00:21:40,500 --> 00:21:42,414
Life is far from easy.
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Every day they must scratch a living
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from the unforgiving sand and gravel.
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Breakfast may be grubs or beetles,
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if they are lucky, a juicy scorpion.
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Just as the insects make it possible
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for meerkats to live here,
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so the meerkats make
life possible for others.
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They must watch for foxes,
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jackals, snakes, and
for danger from above.
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00:22:37,350 --> 00:22:39,663
Eagles patrol these skies.
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This one has already made a kill.
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But it's not from their group.
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For now, the skies are safe.
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While the family forages,
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at least one always stands guard.
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An alarm bark.
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One has spotted danger.
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00:23:22,080 --> 00:23:24,783
This Cape fox is uncomfortably close.
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00:23:28,500 --> 00:23:30,660
He may just be resting,
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00:23:30,660 --> 00:23:32,973
or he could be contemplating breakfast.
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00:23:47,970 --> 00:23:51,393
Most likely, he's just warming
up in the early morning sun.
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It's a calculated risk,
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but perhaps there is time to
catch that beetle after all.
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In the end,
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the family decide that the fox
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is just too close for comfort.
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He's not going anywhere.
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In fact, he may have moved in for good.
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This may be a safer home.
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The rocky outcrop will help
shelter them from the sun
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and from predators, for now.
197
00:25:16,050 --> 00:25:19,173
But inevitably, predators
will find them again.
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00:25:20,160 --> 00:25:24,428
Life in the sand river
means constantly moving on.
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00:25:33,440 --> 00:25:37,770
On the vast barren plains
between the sand river valleys,
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00:25:37,770 --> 00:25:39,273
life is even tougher.
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00:25:41,070 --> 00:25:44,433
As always, it's all
about the hunt for water.
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00:25:46,620 --> 00:25:49,890
Ostriches can walk huge distances.
203
00:25:49,890 --> 00:25:51,483
They're built for the desert.
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Oryx and springbok, too.
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They're in search of
a rare desert jewel...
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00:26:21,540 --> 00:26:23,850
A small fresh water spring,
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far from the sand river.
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00:26:32,663 --> 00:26:35,250
For the animals that can get here,
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00:26:35,250 --> 00:26:37,773
there's a trickle of water all year round.
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Martins take a drink on the wing.
211
00:26:51,118 --> 00:26:55,075
Sandgrouse fly in from
up to 60 kilometers away.
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00:27:30,330 --> 00:27:33,090
Huge flocks gather every morning.
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They dip their breast feathers,
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00:27:34,920 --> 00:27:37,710
soaking up water to carry
back for their young
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00:27:37,710 --> 00:27:39,635
way off in the desert.
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00:27:42,240 --> 00:27:43,593
They must remain alert.
217
00:27:45,120 --> 00:27:47,253
Falcons watch over the oasis.
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00:27:49,650 --> 00:27:53,106
For them, too, this is a place of plenty.
219
00:28:00,750 --> 00:28:03,420
The grouse see a predator coming.
220
00:28:03,420 --> 00:28:04,696
They scatter.
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00:28:13,680 --> 00:28:16,470
This time, the falcon misses,
222
00:28:16,470 --> 00:28:18,729
but soon she'll try again.
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00:28:29,010 --> 00:28:32,820
The oasis attracts animals
for kilometers around.
224
00:28:32,820 --> 00:28:36,243
Often, the need for water
outweighs the need to hunt.
225
00:28:38,400 --> 00:28:39,420
In any case,
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00:28:39,420 --> 00:28:42,813
ostriches have very little to
fear from a thirsty jackal.
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00:28:52,280 --> 00:28:55,113
They can drink and bathe in peace.
228
00:29:22,770 --> 00:29:24,990
With so little vegetation here,
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00:29:24,990 --> 00:29:26,463
they won't find much to eat.
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00:29:32,040 --> 00:29:34,773
This is a place to visit, not to stay.
231
00:29:41,790 --> 00:29:43,350
After the ostriches,
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00:29:43,350 --> 00:29:44,853
the oryx take their turn.
233
00:29:46,920 --> 00:29:48,603
They guard the water jealously.
234
00:29:51,870 --> 00:29:53,853
They have a strict drinking order.
235
00:29:56,430 --> 00:29:58,320
The strongest must drink their fill
236
00:29:58,320 --> 00:30:00,663
before the weaker animals get a chance.
237
00:30:20,430 --> 00:30:21,930
In extreme drought,
238
00:30:21,930 --> 00:30:24,900
a low ranking oryx can die of thirst
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00:30:24,900 --> 00:30:27,332
within meters of the spring.
240
00:30:31,590 --> 00:30:33,510
For the sandgrouse, too,
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00:30:33,510 --> 00:30:35,546
death is never far away.
242
00:30:58,080 --> 00:31:00,827
This time, the falcon doesn't miss.
243
00:31:28,925 --> 00:31:30,870
In the sand river valley,
244
00:31:30,870 --> 00:31:33,810
the elephants have developed
their own unique way
245
00:31:33,810 --> 00:31:34,920
to get water.
246
00:31:40,170 --> 00:31:42,930
The trees have deep roots.
247
00:31:42,930 --> 00:31:45,930
They're proof that there is water here.
248
00:31:45,930 --> 00:31:48,295
The only problem is reaching it.
249
00:31:50,700 --> 00:31:53,373
The baboons grow excited
when the elephants arrive.
250
00:32:14,640 --> 00:32:16,563
They know what's coming next.
251
00:32:31,770 --> 00:32:35,626
The elephants are their
ticket to a free drink.
252
00:32:53,370 --> 00:32:56,073
These huge bulls know the desert well.
253
00:32:57,450 --> 00:33:00,090
And their sense of
smell is powerful enough
254
00:33:00,090 --> 00:33:03,213
to sniff out the smallest amount of water,
255
00:33:04,290 --> 00:33:05,943
even buried underground.
256
00:33:16,950 --> 00:33:19,440
When he's pinpointed the spot,
257
00:33:19,440 --> 00:33:21,856
the bull begins to dig.
258
00:33:30,960 --> 00:33:33,903
All the baboons need to do is wait.
259
00:33:45,690 --> 00:33:47,520
About a meter down,
260
00:33:47,520 --> 00:33:49,593
the elephant finds what he's looking for.
261
00:33:55,650 --> 00:33:58,288
He siphons off the sandy water
262
00:34:01,800 --> 00:34:04,273
to leave a fresh, clear pool.
263
00:34:12,990 --> 00:34:16,923
The elephants of the sand river
know all the places to dig.
264
00:34:19,890 --> 00:34:22,803
Most likely, they learned
from their families.
265
00:34:25,230 --> 00:34:28,773
Elephants pass knowledge from
generation to generation.
266
00:34:32,500 --> 00:34:34,210
It's the key to their success.
267
00:34:37,860 --> 00:34:39,630
The baboons wait for the elephants
268
00:34:39,630 --> 00:34:41,853
to leave the freshly dug wells.
269
00:34:45,720 --> 00:34:49,383
Even an eagle welcomes a drink
of fresh water in the desert.
270
00:34:56,550 --> 00:34:58,320
For all these animals,
271
00:34:58,320 --> 00:35:00,213
this is a fleeting opportunity.
272
00:35:02,160 --> 00:35:05,498
All too soon, these wells will run dry.
273
00:35:20,760 --> 00:35:22,503
The elephants go on their way.
274
00:35:24,240 --> 00:35:28,233
But they leave behind a new
opportunity for hungry animals.
275
00:35:30,720 --> 00:35:31,553
Their dung.
276
00:35:33,600 --> 00:35:36,783
The elephant's digestive
system is very inefficient.
277
00:35:37,740 --> 00:35:40,290
Their dung contains plenty of nutrients
278
00:35:40,290 --> 00:35:42,030
they couldn't digest.
279
00:35:42,030 --> 00:35:43,110
For the elephants,
280
00:35:43,110 --> 00:35:46,200
that means a constant search for food
281
00:35:46,200 --> 00:35:49,410
while other animals
feast on undigested seeds
282
00:35:49,410 --> 00:35:51,633
and insects that gather on the dung.
283
00:36:15,990 --> 00:36:18,330
Soon, the last drops of water
284
00:36:18,330 --> 00:36:20,913
and the last scraps of dung will be gone.
285
00:36:23,940 --> 00:36:26,463
Searing heat scorches the desert.
286
00:36:28,950 --> 00:36:31,083
One day the river will flow again.
287
00:36:35,400 --> 00:36:38,880
But first, it must rain
in mountains hundreds
288
00:36:38,880 --> 00:36:40,918
of kilometers to the east.
289
00:37:01,470 --> 00:37:03,690
Until then, the next drink
290
00:37:03,690 --> 00:37:06,333
and the next meal are never certain.
291
00:37:11,220 --> 00:37:13,803
The lion cubs are about five months old.
292
00:37:14,850 --> 00:37:17,280
They need fresh meat every few days,
293
00:37:17,280 --> 00:37:19,273
or else they'll starve.
294
00:37:28,200 --> 00:37:31,323
Francolins pick over the
remains of the elephant dung.
295
00:37:35,130 --> 00:37:39,063
Ideal stalking practice for
ambitious young predators.
296
00:38:12,600 --> 00:38:14,310
Luckily for the birds,
297
00:38:14,310 --> 00:38:16,443
the lion cubs are easily distracted.
298
00:38:17,310 --> 00:38:19,470
These youngsters still have a lot to learn
299
00:38:19,470 --> 00:38:21,393
before they can kill for themselves.
300
00:38:37,680 --> 00:38:41,433
For now, it's up to their
mothers to supply them with food.
301
00:38:48,450 --> 00:38:51,360
Lions are ambush predators,
302
00:38:51,360 --> 00:38:53,730
but in this desert environment,
303
00:38:53,730 --> 00:38:55,263
opportunities are rare,
304
00:38:56,700 --> 00:38:59,193
and concealment is hard.
305
00:39:01,890 --> 00:39:06,060
One cub can't resist
and follows the adults.
306
00:39:06,060 --> 00:39:09,390
It's a mistake that could spoil the hunt
307
00:39:09,390 --> 00:39:11,793
and cost the small youngster its life.
308
00:39:27,990 --> 00:39:31,277
An oryx is heading towards
them, an opportunity.
309
00:39:38,820 --> 00:39:40,950
The lionesses split.
310
00:39:40,950 --> 00:39:43,653
Two females hide behind a rocky outcrop.
311
00:39:47,010 --> 00:39:49,143
The other takes the direct approach,
312
00:39:50,010 --> 00:39:51,923
and the ambush is set.
313
00:40:20,869 --> 00:40:24,119
But the cub spooks a herd of springbok.
314
00:40:36,270 --> 00:40:37,710
For the lone female,
315
00:40:37,710 --> 00:40:39,990
the moment is lost.
316
00:40:39,990 --> 00:40:40,886
Or is it?
317
00:40:43,530 --> 00:40:46,053
The other two are hidden
just around the corner.
318
00:40:47,490 --> 00:40:49,230
For the sand river lions,
319
00:40:49,230 --> 00:40:52,113
nine out of 10 hunts ends in failure.
320
00:40:59,640 --> 00:41:02,133
But this time they're in luck.
321
00:41:06,720 --> 00:41:09,240
The females will eat their fill,
322
00:41:09,240 --> 00:41:12,213
then bring the cubs in
to feed on what remains.
323
00:41:14,790 --> 00:41:17,130
But while most of the cubs wait patiently
324
00:41:17,130 --> 00:41:18,753
for the females to return,
325
00:41:19,920 --> 00:41:21,665
their sibling is lost.
326
00:41:41,190 --> 00:41:42,693
The lionesses return.
327
00:41:49,050 --> 00:41:51,153
The cubs are delighted to see them,
328
00:41:52,260 --> 00:41:55,503
but the adults soon realize
that one is missing.
329
00:42:04,380 --> 00:42:06,273
They call for the missing cub.
330
00:42:20,970 --> 00:42:23,703
The result is potentially a disaster.
331
00:42:26,130 --> 00:42:30,810
The calls have attracted the
attention of two large males.
332
00:42:30,810 --> 00:42:33,420
If they fathered the cubs here,
333
00:42:33,420 --> 00:42:35,310
all will be well.
334
00:42:35,310 --> 00:42:38,250
If not, they'll kill them in order
335
00:42:38,250 --> 00:42:39,933
to sire cubs of their own.
336
00:42:45,450 --> 00:42:47,130
All alone in the bush,
337
00:42:47,130 --> 00:42:49,473
the stray cub is an easy target.
338
00:42:50,940 --> 00:42:53,010
Unless it finds its way
back to the protection
339
00:42:53,010 --> 00:42:56,785
of its mother, it could
easily lose its life.
340
00:43:03,870 --> 00:43:07,703
The sun sets after another
dry day in the sand river,
341
00:43:09,360 --> 00:43:12,612
the land perpetually waiting for rain.
342
00:43:15,060 --> 00:43:19,587
A world balanced on a knife
edge between life and death.
343
00:43:21,720 --> 00:43:25,290
Dry, clear skies offer starscapes
344
00:43:25,290 --> 00:43:27,393
of unparalleled brilliance.
345
00:43:33,810 --> 00:43:36,120
The cold desert night,
346
00:43:36,120 --> 00:43:38,793
a respite from the brutal heat of the day.
347
00:44:01,333 --> 00:44:03,420
Then a new day begins,
348
00:44:03,420 --> 00:44:06,093
and the temperature
starts to climb once more.
349
00:44:20,100 --> 00:44:23,073
Mouse birds warm themselves
in the morning sun.
350
00:44:37,322 --> 00:44:41,786
A caracal scans the desert
in search of breakfast.
351
00:45:03,570 --> 00:45:05,752
Pied crows mob her.
352
00:45:10,050 --> 00:45:12,350
She'll take their chicks
if she can find them.
353
00:45:21,780 --> 00:45:23,580
Unlike the lions,
354
00:45:23,580 --> 00:45:25,383
the caracal hunts alone.
355
00:45:28,770 --> 00:45:32,010
Her huge ears can detect
even the smallest movement
356
00:45:32,010 --> 00:45:33,403
in the undergrowth.
357
00:45:43,479 --> 00:45:44,694
A mouse.
358
00:46:33,680 --> 00:46:37,743
The caracal gets both food and
moisture from a single meal.
359
00:46:43,140 --> 00:46:46,053
Morning has brought good
fortune for the lions, too.
360
00:46:48,480 --> 00:46:50,835
The males have stayed away.
361
00:46:52,890 --> 00:46:56,043
It's a sure sign that they
are the cubs' fathers.
362
00:46:58,620 --> 00:46:59,910
If they weren't,
363
00:46:59,910 --> 00:47:02,463
by now the cubs would most likely be dead.
364
00:47:08,550 --> 00:47:12,450
And finally, after many anxious hours,
365
00:47:12,450 --> 00:47:15,980
the pride's stray emerges from the dunes.
366
00:47:32,190 --> 00:47:36,920
A joyful reunion amongst the
parched and tangled roots.
367
00:47:45,030 --> 00:47:47,550
For once in this harsh land,
368
00:47:47,550 --> 00:47:48,513
a happy ending.
369
00:48:01,470 --> 00:48:06,030
The males continue their long
march around their territory,
370
00:48:06,030 --> 00:48:07,683
checking for intruders.
371
00:48:19,530 --> 00:48:22,784
The pride survives to hunt another day.
372
00:48:40,140 --> 00:48:43,683
The relentless search for
water and food continues.
373
00:48:48,510 --> 00:48:50,580
Life clings on,
374
00:48:50,580 --> 00:48:52,800
scrabbling for dry grass,
375
00:48:52,800 --> 00:48:54,887
bitter seeds, and fruit.
376
00:49:00,660 --> 00:49:02,730
In the sand river itself,
377
00:49:02,730 --> 00:49:03,971
it never rains.
378
00:49:12,210 --> 00:49:15,690
But in the mountains far
to the desert's east,
379
00:49:15,690 --> 00:49:17,019
there is change.
380
00:49:19,320 --> 00:49:21,540
Hundreds of kilometers away,
381
00:49:21,540 --> 00:49:24,273
at long last, rain has fallen.
382
00:49:29,490 --> 00:49:32,670
It pours through rocks and canyons,
383
00:49:32,670 --> 00:49:34,863
and spills out onto the desert floor.
384
00:49:42,780 --> 00:49:43,890
In the sand river,
385
00:49:43,890 --> 00:49:46,593
there is a familiar harsh blue sky.
386
00:49:49,140 --> 00:49:52,170
Finally, many hours later,
387
00:49:52,170 --> 00:49:54,765
the river comes to life.
388
00:50:16,620 --> 00:50:18,153
It's a meager trickle,
389
00:50:19,140 --> 00:50:22,503
but it's more water than this
valley has seen for a year.
390
00:50:27,990 --> 00:50:30,817
The life-blood of the Namib Desert.
391
00:50:37,110 --> 00:50:39,873
The reason why anything
can live here at all.
392
00:50:46,710 --> 00:50:48,963
The water will soon soak away.
393
00:50:49,980 --> 00:50:53,851
It will pool amongst the
rocks below the sand.
394
00:50:58,290 --> 00:51:01,203
The roots of the trees
will reach down towards it.
395
00:51:04,680 --> 00:51:07,203
Their growth will fuel new life.
396
00:51:12,120 --> 00:51:14,493
The sand river is renewed.
397
00:51:22,170 --> 00:51:23,003
And then?
398
00:51:26,880 --> 00:51:28,173
Life goes on.
399
00:51:34,080 --> 00:51:37,191
The future here is always uncertain.
400
00:51:59,910 --> 00:52:04,620
Namibia's desert kingdom endures,
401
00:52:04,620 --> 00:52:07,053
as it has for thousands of years.
402
00:52:08,550 --> 00:52:12,691
And the sand river waits
once more for the rains.
29842
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