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Ambition? Well, I want to do something
that's going to be lastingly useful...
2
00:00:38,349 --> 00:00:42,283
and leave some sort of mark behind
me, not just a blank space.
3
00:00:42,284 --> 00:00:46,352
I think my ambition in life is to
be famous, but I'm not quite sure.
4
00:01:03,174 --> 00:01:05,348
I've never experiencedanother generation,
5
00:01:05,348 --> 00:01:07,682
but I do feel we'll
have something to say.
6
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We'll make a gigantic splash
in the world to come.
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There's always
a change going on.
8
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You never know
what's gonna happen next.
9
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You never know what
new clothes you're gonna have.
10
00:01:17,055 --> 00:01:19,006
You never know what the
new records are gonna be.
11
00:01:19,007 --> 00:01:21,107
My stack of records
keeps getting larger.
12
00:01:35,930 --> 00:01:38,297
You know how parents are. They
always bug you... where you're going,
13
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when you're getting home,
who you went with,
14
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what time you're gonna be back,
don't stay on the phone too long.
15
00:01:42,968 --> 00:01:45,462
Then you get your own car,
and you're free a little bit.
16
00:01:45,463 --> 00:01:47,362
But they're still
holding on the rope.
17
00:02:21,901 --> 00:02:24,534
We're teenagers.
18
00:02:25,803 --> 00:02:27,969
But we didn't always exist.
19
00:02:29,672 --> 00:02:31,738
We were a wartime invention.
20
00:02:34,950 --> 00:02:36,883
Who would we become?
21
00:02:37,924 --> 00:02:40,355
Who would decide it?
22
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The adults?
23
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Or us?
24
00:03:22,419 --> 00:03:24,886
First we were just children.
25
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That's how they thought of us.
26
00:03:30,416 --> 00:03:34,084
And then all of a suddenwe were supposed to be adults.
27
00:03:38,797 --> 00:03:42,198
Twelve years old, and I'd be
off to work in the factory.
28
00:03:45,387 --> 00:03:47,053
I worked 74 hours a week.
29
00:03:48,746 --> 00:03:51,784
6:00 in the morningtill 5:30 at night.
30
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Saturdays till noon.
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My hands were bruised and cut.
32
00:04:00,260 --> 00:04:02,226
I felt like a slave.
33
00:04:10,335 --> 00:04:13,150
Children have always worked,
34
00:04:13,151 --> 00:04:16,157
but it is only sincethe reign of the machine...
35
00:04:16,157 --> 00:04:19,791
that their work has beensynonymous with slavery.
36
00:04:21,531 --> 00:04:24,858
There is no moreterrible page in history...
37
00:04:24,858 --> 00:04:28,120
than that which records the
enslavement of mere babies...
38
00:04:28,121 --> 00:04:30,855
by the industrial revolution.
39
00:04:33,912 --> 00:04:36,378
Adults knew it wasn't right.
40
00:04:38,709 --> 00:04:41,142
They wanted to protect us.
41
00:04:43,090 --> 00:04:46,257
So governments started to make
child labor against the law.
42
00:04:51,759 --> 00:04:53,692
I started going to school.
43
00:04:55,917 --> 00:04:58,684
I loved having funwith my friends.
44
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We were young,
45
00:05:02,762 --> 00:05:05,129
and we were allowed to be.
46
00:05:07,208 --> 00:05:09,975
There was a second stageof life now.
47
00:05:12,679 --> 00:05:14,845
"Adolescence."
48
00:05:23,650 --> 00:05:26,283
In the factorywe were prisoners,
49
00:05:27,104 --> 00:05:29,310
but in the streets...
50
00:05:29,311 --> 00:05:31,144
we were free.
51
00:05:35,325 --> 00:05:37,458
The cities were fast and hard.
52
00:05:38,843 --> 00:05:40,242
So were we.
53
00:05:42,906 --> 00:05:45,706
We formed gangsthat roamed the streets.
54
00:05:47,352 --> 00:05:49,618
"Hooligans"is what the police called us.
55
00:05:50,614 --> 00:05:52,981
We carried knives.
56
00:05:52,981 --> 00:05:55,548
We robbed... and killed.
57
00:05:57,812 --> 00:06:00,179
Youth were a problem...
58
00:06:00,179 --> 00:06:02,145
that had to be controlled.
59
00:06:03,506 --> 00:06:06,160
My brother Scouts,
60
00:06:06,160 --> 00:06:10,510
you are doing much to prevent the
present disgraceful waste...
61
00:06:10,511 --> 00:06:12,366
of human materials...
62
00:06:12,366 --> 00:06:14,508
and showingyour poorer brothers...
63
00:06:14,509 --> 00:06:17,276
how to be good, successful men.
64
00:06:19,531 --> 00:06:22,057
One man thoughthe'd found a solution...
65
00:06:22,058 --> 00:06:24,324
to the problem of youth.
66
00:06:25,832 --> 00:06:27,878
A soldier calledRobert Baden-Powell...
67
00:06:27,879 --> 00:06:30,679
wrote a militarytraining manual for the young.
68
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Scouting for Boys
it was called.
69
00:06:34,724 --> 00:06:36,924
It was a manifestofor a movement...
70
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the Boy Scouts.
71
00:06:40,033 --> 00:06:42,176
You are tested on your honor...
72
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to do your best to carry outthe Scout Promise,
73
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which is to workfor God and the king.
74
00:06:50,941 --> 00:06:54,108
Tracking and camping had
always been a fantasy for me.
75
00:06:55,355 --> 00:06:57,818
I'd yearnedfor an awfully big adventure,
76
00:06:57,818 --> 00:06:59,651
and here it was.
77
00:07:02,136 --> 00:07:04,982
The Scouts came to America too.
78
00:07:04,983 --> 00:07:08,822
Hundreds of thousandsof boys joined.
79
00:07:08,822 --> 00:07:10,356
They learned patriotism,
80
00:07:10,357 --> 00:07:14,004
courage and self-reliance.
81
00:07:14,005 --> 00:07:18,450
Once a Scout, always a Scout.
82
00:07:18,450 --> 00:07:21,744
I believedwhat Baden-Powell said...
83
00:07:21,744 --> 00:07:23,791
"The Scoutis loyal to the king,
84
00:07:23,792 --> 00:07:27,631
to his officers,his parents and country.
85
00:07:27,631 --> 00:07:30,164
He must stick to themthrough thick and thin."
86
00:07:32,301 --> 00:07:34,220
We went fromrat-faced slum kids...
87
00:07:34,220 --> 00:07:37,020
to fit and healthy soldiers,
88
00:07:37,963 --> 00:07:39,861
primed for war.
89
00:07:47,429 --> 00:07:53,284
Today, England is off to war.
90
00:07:53,284 --> 00:07:58,052
Meet the fallwith the cry of liberty.
91
00:07:59,680 --> 00:08:01,758
If you didn't join up,
92
00:08:01,759 --> 00:08:03,825
you were lettingeverybody down.
93
00:08:05,150 --> 00:08:06,983
They made sure you knew it.
94
00:08:21,464 --> 00:08:25,814
In Germany, the news of warwas intoxicating.
95
00:08:25,814 --> 00:08:27,925
♪♪
96
00:08:27,926 --> 00:08:30,893
There were bands playing,flags flying.
97
00:08:32,851 --> 00:08:35,602
What drove us wasa feeling of adulthood...
98
00:08:35,603 --> 00:08:37,569
burning up inside.
99
00:08:38,672 --> 00:08:42,959
Half the populationwas under the age of 22.
100
00:08:42,960 --> 00:08:46,160
Almost all the boys appliedfor military service.
101
00:08:47,309 --> 00:08:49,228
13- or 14-year-olds...
102
00:08:49,229 --> 00:08:52,730
were crushed if they were rejected
by the recruiting officers.
103
00:09:00,265 --> 00:09:02,498
Europe tore itself apart.
104
00:09:04,486 --> 00:09:06,820
And then the Americans came.
105
00:09:06,821 --> 00:09:09,060
More than two million soldiers,
106
00:09:09,061 --> 00:09:11,875
fully equippedand indomitable in spirit,
107
00:09:11,875 --> 00:09:16,610
were safely transportedacross 3,000 miles of seas,
108
00:09:16,610 --> 00:09:18,720
where they turnedthe tide of battle,
109
00:09:18,721 --> 00:09:20,960
one imperishable glory...
110
00:09:20,961 --> 00:09:26,592
and triumph to the greatest warthat the world has ever known.
111
00:09:26,592 --> 00:09:29,826
They brought new music,dances and films.
112
00:09:31,133 --> 00:09:35,260
American culturestarted to spread.
113
00:09:35,261 --> 00:09:38,011
Our boys made good in France.
114
00:09:38,011 --> 00:09:41,311
The word "American"has a new meaning in Europe.
115
00:10:08,051 --> 00:10:10,351
When my brother diedin the war,
116
00:10:12,145 --> 00:10:16,780
they sent us a frame that said
"Died on the field of honor."
117
00:10:18,062 --> 00:10:20,362
There is no field of honor.
118
00:10:21,933 --> 00:10:24,466
An entire generationwas gutted.
119
00:10:25,611 --> 00:10:28,645
We lost all loyalty and trust.
120
00:10:32,073 --> 00:10:34,540
We were shell-shocked.
121
00:10:36,135 --> 00:10:38,868
The pound of the gunsdrove us mad.
122
00:10:40,709 --> 00:10:43,542
Millions of young menwere massacred.
123
00:10:46,370 --> 00:10:49,568
The old had sent us to die,
124
00:10:49,569 --> 00:10:51,335
and we hated them.
125
00:11:25,528 --> 00:11:30,165
After the war,everyone wanted to be born anew,
126
00:11:30,166 --> 00:11:32,065
to blot out the past.
127
00:11:34,196 --> 00:11:36,863
There was this recklesssense of release,
128
00:11:38,675 --> 00:11:42,353
and I felt a kind ofwildness inside.
129
00:11:42,354 --> 00:11:44,049
What do they want?
130
00:11:44,049 --> 00:11:46,703
They say, "We want beer."
131
00:11:46,704 --> 00:11:50,702
Spending their money,
debauching their character,
132
00:11:50,702 --> 00:11:53,132
rotting their bodies...
133
00:11:53,133 --> 00:11:55,133
and jeopardizingtheir immortal souls.
134
00:11:59,723 --> 00:12:03,562
My father saysI can't go out every night.
135
00:12:03,562 --> 00:12:06,056
But what on earthdoes he want me to do?
136
00:12:06,057 --> 00:12:08,590
Just sit aroundat home all evening?
137
00:12:10,247 --> 00:12:12,773
I don't trustmy parents anymore.
138
00:12:12,774 --> 00:12:14,673
I just want to bewith my friends.
139
00:12:17,187 --> 00:12:19,873
Our world is speedy,
140
00:12:19,874 --> 00:12:22,107
and they're old.
141
00:12:27,167 --> 00:12:30,014
The power of todayis in our hands.
142
00:12:30,014 --> 00:12:34,844
We who number ourselves among the
so-called wild and wicked youth...
143
00:12:34,844 --> 00:12:38,912
would prefer to go out with drums
beating and bugles blowing.
144
00:12:40,411 --> 00:12:42,970
We want to be youngbefore we're old.
145
00:12:42,970 --> 00:12:47,320
They call us flappers,flaming youth.
146
00:12:47,321 --> 00:12:52,990
The times have made us awfully
experienced for our age.
147
00:12:55,381 --> 00:12:57,779
I got all the new jazz records.
148
00:12:57,780 --> 00:13:01,586
My mum thoughtit was awful noise.
149
00:13:01,586 --> 00:13:03,985
She asked me why it was good,and I said,
150
00:13:03,986 --> 00:13:06,119
"Because it comes from America."
151
00:13:09,167 --> 00:13:11,086
You'd hear people say,
152
00:13:11,087 --> 00:13:14,721
"Those who get the youthget the future."
153
00:13:16,077 --> 00:13:18,859
Our parents had ruined Germany,
154
00:13:18,860 --> 00:13:21,627
and we wanteda new kind of community.
155
00:13:24,169 --> 00:13:27,336
So we joined youth groups.
156
00:13:27,336 --> 00:13:30,503
There had been youth movementseven before the war.
157
00:13:30,504 --> 00:13:33,171
Workers' youth groups,Jewish youth groups,
158
00:13:35,366 --> 00:13:39,076
but the most important groupwas the Wandervogel...
159
00:13:39,076 --> 00:13:41,543
"Wandering Birds."
160
00:13:43,779 --> 00:13:47,489
Our teachers and our parentsdidn't understand us.
161
00:13:47,489 --> 00:13:50,189
So we created our own world.
162
00:13:51,136 --> 00:13:53,568
Youth were leading youth.
163
00:13:55,517 --> 00:13:57,755
We'd run through forests,
164
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lay together at bonfires,
165
00:14:00,315 --> 00:14:02,553
make flower wreaths and photos,
166
00:14:02,554 --> 00:14:05,048
sing and dance.
167
00:14:05,048 --> 00:14:07,830
Then drop off our clothes...
168
00:14:07,831 --> 00:14:10,231
and feel free.
169
00:14:16,020 --> 00:14:18,253
To be young was the style.
170
00:14:19,826 --> 00:14:22,033
And it was for sale.
171
00:14:22,034 --> 00:14:23,888
Records,
172
00:14:23,888 --> 00:14:26,830
cigarettes, perfume.
173
00:14:26,831 --> 00:14:30,510
And all those glamorousHollywood stars to admire.
174
00:14:30,510 --> 00:14:32,781
I wanted to be like Valentino.
175
00:14:32,782 --> 00:14:34,860
He always got the girls.
176
00:14:34,861 --> 00:14:39,882
When he died, we rushedthe funeral by the thousands.
177
00:14:39,882 --> 00:14:42,115
They called it a riot.
178
00:14:44,456 --> 00:14:47,190
I wish I could have been there.
179
00:14:56,420 --> 00:14:59,788
♪♪
180
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In Britainthere was a new breed,
181
00:15:24,126 --> 00:15:26,792
and we defined ourselvesby our youth.
182
00:15:29,947 --> 00:15:32,981
They called usthe Bright Young People.
183
00:15:34,680 --> 00:15:38,166
It started with a few girlswho liked dressing up,
184
00:15:38,167 --> 00:15:40,470
doing hoaxesand treasure hunts,
185
00:15:40,470 --> 00:15:42,536
making a fool of everyone.
186
00:15:43,380 --> 00:15:45,279
We took it all very seriously.
187
00:15:47,729 --> 00:15:49,762
Except when we didn't.
188
00:15:54,991 --> 00:15:58,358
The police were trying to shut
down all of London's nightlife.
189
00:16:01,484 --> 00:16:03,550
So we created our own.
190
00:16:50,752 --> 00:16:53,818
There was this one girlwho shined especially bright.
191
00:16:56,765 --> 00:16:58,631
Her name was Brenda Dean Paul.
192
00:17:08,825 --> 00:17:11,859
Brenda hit the scene in 1926.
193
00:17:12,727 --> 00:17:14,660
She was 19.
194
00:17:20,501 --> 00:17:22,834
She came from a broken home.
195
00:17:24,178 --> 00:17:26,178
Longed to be famous.
196
00:17:30,320 --> 00:17:32,366
She played many parts, but...
197
00:17:32,367 --> 00:17:37,970
the most convincing was her role
as life and soul of the party.
198
00:17:41,772 --> 00:17:43,435
Pajama parties,
199
00:17:43,435 --> 00:17:45,833
Greek parties, Russian parties,
200
00:17:45,834 --> 00:17:47,720
sailor parties,American parties,
201
00:17:47,721 --> 00:17:51,322
murder parties, baby parties.
202
00:17:55,334 --> 00:17:58,068
We called them "freak" parties.
203
00:17:59,557 --> 00:18:02,591
And it didn't take longfor them to become big affairs.
204
00:18:14,304 --> 00:18:18,071
Girls were like boys,and the boys like girls.
205
00:18:19,390 --> 00:18:21,823
Sometimes you couldn't eventell us apart.
206
00:18:22,811 --> 00:18:24,744
We liked it that way.
207
00:18:27,066 --> 00:18:30,400
A couple of gossip columnistswrote it all up in the papers.
208
00:18:31,160 --> 00:18:32,759
They made it into...
209
00:18:34,455 --> 00:18:36,421
a "movement."
210
00:18:47,474 --> 00:18:49,424
But for Brenda...
211
00:18:49,425 --> 00:18:52,859
once she startedshe couldn't stop.
212
00:18:54,511 --> 00:18:57,378
She crashed her car,and then she fell ill.
213
00:18:58,541 --> 00:19:00,574
Perhaps it wasall the late nights.
214
00:19:01,483 --> 00:19:03,349
Or perhaps it was the abortion.
215
00:19:05,833 --> 00:19:07,784
Somebody gave her morphine,
216
00:19:07,785 --> 00:19:12,220
and Brenda became London'sfirst and most notorious junkie.
217
00:19:15,654 --> 00:19:19,288
Scandal, drug busts, prison.
218
00:19:19,812 --> 00:19:22,562
Brenda became famous,
219
00:19:22,563 --> 00:19:25,230
but not in the wayshe had wanted.
220
00:19:29,026 --> 00:19:32,928
Did she really thinkshe could stay young forever?
221
00:19:32,928 --> 00:19:35,395
Yes. Probablyin that moment we all did.
222
00:19:37,534 --> 00:19:40,468
We were just too tiredto break away.
223
00:19:41,405 --> 00:19:43,803
Eventually Brenda crashed,
224
00:19:43,803 --> 00:19:46,770
but by then nobody couldreally remember or care.
225
00:19:47,418 --> 00:19:49,418
We were all crashing,
226
00:19:50,424 --> 00:19:53,124
and thenthe whole world did too.
227
00:20:25,456 --> 00:20:27,522
Adults were in a panic.
228
00:20:29,005 --> 00:20:33,228
But we were the oneswho would inherit this mess.
229
00:20:33,229 --> 00:20:36,362
Today the largest single groupof the nation's unemployed...
230
00:20:36,362 --> 00:20:39,881
are young men and womenbetween the ages of 16 and 24.
231
00:20:39,882 --> 00:20:42,153
Boys like 18-year-oldWarren Harper,
232
00:20:42,153 --> 00:20:45,319
hardest hit of a generation which
has grown up in depression.
233
00:20:45,320 --> 00:20:48,710
Warren himself never has hada steady job in all his life,
234
00:20:48,710 --> 00:20:50,757
never has owned an overcoat.
235
00:20:50,758 --> 00:20:53,668
When he goes out looking for work,
he wears borrowed clothing.
236
00:20:53,669 --> 00:20:55,716
He gets up lateand spends most of his time...
237
00:20:55,716 --> 00:20:58,466
hanging around talking with other
boys who are out of work...
238
00:20:58,467 --> 00:21:02,235
and wondering what's wrong when a
fella wants to work and can't.
239
00:21:09,376 --> 00:21:11,870
You couldn't even work.
240
00:21:11,871 --> 00:21:14,973
I was fired at 16.
241
00:21:14,973 --> 00:21:18,841
The governor wanted to take on an
errand boy who'd do my job cheaper.
242
00:21:21,114 --> 00:21:22,777
Nothing to do with my time.
243
00:21:22,778 --> 00:21:24,544
Nothing to spend.
244
00:21:25,626 --> 00:21:27,659
Nothing to do tomorrow,nor the day after.
245
00:21:28,824 --> 00:21:31,257
I was a living corpse.
246
00:21:35,157 --> 00:21:37,724
Not only old people had grief,
247
00:21:39,379 --> 00:21:41,078
but young ones too.
248
00:21:43,218 --> 00:21:45,952
Our future looked bleak.
249
00:21:51,056 --> 00:21:53,294
Some parentswere suffering so bad...
250
00:21:53,294 --> 00:21:55,174
they couldn't look aftertheir children anymore.
251
00:21:58,604 --> 00:22:00,270
Those kids hit the road.
252
00:22:02,603 --> 00:22:05,257
They were the children's army.
253
00:22:05,257 --> 00:22:06,823
Hoboes,
254
00:22:06,824 --> 00:22:09,159
boxcar riders,
255
00:22:09,160 --> 00:22:09,791
young tramps.
256
00:22:14,373 --> 00:22:17,040
People thoughtthere was no hope for youth.
257
00:22:18,914 --> 00:22:21,781
But we were searchingfor something to believe in.
258
00:22:22,722 --> 00:22:25,189
And we were willingto fight for it.
259
00:22:28,544 --> 00:22:31,745
As fast as one mob is broken up,another gathers.
260
00:22:33,278 --> 00:22:35,708
Politics was our problem too.
261
00:22:35,709 --> 00:22:38,376
We are not looking for charity.
We want an opportunity to work.
262
00:22:42,905 --> 00:22:45,687
There was talk of revolution.
263
00:22:45,688 --> 00:22:47,754
And they feared us.
264
00:22:51,573 --> 00:22:53,620
There were the Communists...
265
00:22:53,621 --> 00:22:56,244
and the Nazis,
266
00:22:56,244 --> 00:22:58,343
and we took up sides.
267
00:23:01,234 --> 00:23:04,784
People would come up to youin the street and ask,
268
00:23:04,784 --> 00:23:06,316
"Who are you with?"
269
00:23:07,311 --> 00:23:09,326
If you gave themthe wrong answer,
270
00:23:09,326 --> 00:23:11,059
they would attack.
271
00:23:30,696 --> 00:23:33,095
Radical change was in the air.
272
00:23:33,096 --> 00:23:35,750
5,000 fascists rallyto their mobilization...
273
00:23:35,750 --> 00:23:37,732
for the much advertised marchthrough the East End.
274
00:23:37,733 --> 00:23:39,652
Communists jammedthe fascists' route,
275
00:23:39,653 --> 00:23:43,588
resisting the peaceful efforts of the
outnumbered police to clear the way.
276
00:23:43,588 --> 00:23:47,256
I was there when the fascistsstarted marching down my street.
277
00:23:48,482 --> 00:23:51,015
I wasn't gonna letmy country go that way.
278
00:23:53,407 --> 00:23:55,807
We had to get involved.
279
00:23:56,894 --> 00:24:00,095
We weren't gonna beanother lost generation.
280
00:24:09,594 --> 00:24:14,136
Let us carry on the goodthat the past has given us.
281
00:24:14,136 --> 00:24:17,719
The best of that goodis the spirit of America,
282
00:24:17,720 --> 00:24:21,270
and the spirit of Americais the spirit in which youth...
283
00:24:21,270 --> 00:24:25,876
can find the fulfillmentof its ideals.
284
00:24:25,876 --> 00:24:30,194
It is for the new generation to
participate in the decision...
285
00:24:30,195 --> 00:24:32,658
and to give strengthand spirit...
286
00:24:32,658 --> 00:24:35,217
and continuity...
287
00:24:35,218 --> 00:24:39,953
to our government
and to our national life.
288
00:25:45,566 --> 00:25:50,236
Melita Maschmann wasa typical middle-class girl.
289
00:25:50,236 --> 00:25:54,394
Her parents complained aboutthe unemployment and poverty,
290
00:25:54,395 --> 00:25:56,395
but they didn't do a thing.
291
00:25:58,201 --> 00:26:00,201
Melita wanted action.
292
00:26:01,656 --> 00:26:03,789
So she joined the Hitler Youth.
293
00:26:07,575 --> 00:26:10,677
My mother expected me to beunquestioning and obedient,
294
00:26:10,677 --> 00:26:12,476
like the maids.
295
00:26:13,364 --> 00:26:15,410
I rebelled.
296
00:26:15,410 --> 00:26:18,010
I wanted to be different...
297
00:26:19,218 --> 00:26:23,019
to escape frommy narrow childish life.
298
00:26:28,461 --> 00:26:31,403
I was a March Violet,
299
00:26:31,404 --> 00:26:35,406
one of the many youth who joinedafter Hitler became chancellor.
300
00:26:45,705 --> 00:26:48,805
Every weekend we had testsand competitions.
301
00:26:50,566 --> 00:26:54,596
Swimming, sports,obstacle races.
302
00:26:54,596 --> 00:26:58,297
There were camping tripsand holidays too.
303
00:27:04,193 --> 00:27:07,026
I can only recallthis feeling of happiness...
304
00:27:09,246 --> 00:27:12,924
to be allowedto belong to a community...
305
00:27:12,924 --> 00:27:16,358
which embracedthe whole youth of the nation.
306
00:27:29,048 --> 00:27:31,415
Millions of us joinedthe Hitler Youth.
307
00:27:32,950 --> 00:27:35,476
It felt like the Wandervogel,
308
00:27:35,477 --> 00:27:39,612
only now we were part ofthe national cause.
309
00:27:41,874 --> 00:27:44,207
Youth were leading youth.
310
00:27:48,368 --> 00:27:51,982
We were at the centerof the government's plan...
311
00:27:51,982 --> 00:27:54,716
because we wouldshape the future.
312
00:28:01,675 --> 00:28:04,842
They wanted us to be strong.
313
00:28:04,842 --> 00:28:08,425
Hitler said his youthshould be tough as leather,
314
00:28:08,426 --> 00:28:10,920
swift as greyhounds...
315
00:28:10,920 --> 00:28:13,453
and hard as Krupp steel.
316
00:28:15,398 --> 00:28:17,989
A young German...
317
00:28:17,989 --> 00:28:20,990
was the most exciting thingyou could be.
318
00:28:32,033 --> 00:28:34,111
Big-city backwoodsmen.
319
00:28:34,112 --> 00:28:35,871
New York boysare getting back to nature...
320
00:28:35,871 --> 00:28:38,365
in the citizens conservationcamp at Yellowstone Park.
321
00:28:38,366 --> 00:28:40,413
That's pretty.
322
00:28:40,414 --> 00:28:43,740
An important part of the national
recovery program are these camps,
323
00:28:43,740 --> 00:28:45,755
one of the president'spet projects.
324
00:28:45,756 --> 00:28:48,571
They're a great thingfor city boys.
325
00:28:48,571 --> 00:28:52,281
Roosevelt created the CivilianConservation Corps...
326
00:28:52,282 --> 00:28:55,249
and other programsthat put youth to work.
327
00:28:57,400 --> 00:29:00,567
It was job training,but we were getting paid.
328
00:29:02,806 --> 00:29:05,273
Maybe our protests were heard.
329
00:29:13,682 --> 00:29:15,664
On a bank of the Avon,
330
00:29:15,665 --> 00:29:18,191
you will find the menof the first Grith Fyrd,
331
00:29:18,192 --> 00:29:20,111
or Peace Army camp,
332
00:29:20,111 --> 00:29:23,085
where young men of all classes
can develop themselves...
333
00:29:23,086 --> 00:29:25,805
both physically and mentally.
334
00:29:25,806 --> 00:29:27,505
We had labor camps.
335
00:29:29,003 --> 00:29:32,489
Instructional Centersis what they were called.
336
00:29:32,489 --> 00:29:34,889
They gave us somethingworthwhile to do.
337
00:29:43,302 --> 00:29:45,468
The governmentwas taking us seriously.
338
00:29:46,563 --> 00:29:48,930
It gave us a real boost.
339
00:29:50,466 --> 00:29:53,600
Young peoplewere part of the solution.
340
00:29:53,600 --> 00:29:55,066
We were prospering.
341
00:29:57,183 --> 00:29:59,883
And we were going tochange the world.
342
00:30:02,685 --> 00:30:05,884
♪ Happy days are here again ♪
343
00:30:05,884 --> 00:30:09,530
♪ The skies above
are clear again ♪
344
00:30:09,531 --> 00:30:13,210
♪ Let us sing
a song of cheer again ♪
345
00:30:13,210 --> 00:30:17,078
♪ Happy days are here again ♪♪
346
00:30:18,647 --> 00:30:21,748
♪♪
347
00:30:42,865 --> 00:30:46,511
Let me tell youin plain American English.
348
00:30:46,512 --> 00:30:48,143
I'm a jitterbug,
349
00:30:48,144 --> 00:30:50,711
and I'm crazy about swing.
350
00:30:52,910 --> 00:30:56,364
For years we oompahedto sticky fox-trots.
351
00:30:56,364 --> 00:31:00,234
And then came swingwith its solid rhythm.
352
00:31:00,235 --> 00:31:02,378
♪♪
353
00:31:02,378 --> 00:31:05,640
Negro bands playing hot,
354
00:31:05,641 --> 00:31:07,407
but with the powerof a big orchestra.
355
00:31:09,063 --> 00:31:11,942
It was free, beautiful music,
356
00:31:11,943 --> 00:31:15,577
and it let us cut loose and act
like normal kids for a change.
357
00:31:18,340 --> 00:31:22,275
Every day into music shopsfrom coast to coast...
358
00:31:22,275 --> 00:31:24,257
go more and more customers,
359
00:31:24,258 --> 00:31:26,336
all for the same thing...
360
00:31:26,337 --> 00:31:28,288
the latest in swing music.
361
00:31:28,288 --> 00:31:30,846
Swing! Swing!
362
00:31:30,847 --> 00:31:33,662
It's the rhythm, rhythm, rhythmthat gets 'em.
363
00:31:33,663 --> 00:31:35,613
The hot-cha-cha,
364
00:31:35,613 --> 00:31:38,716
the boogie-woogie, the vicey
versa, the nuts and bats.
365
00:31:38,717 --> 00:31:41,851
It's movement, movement,rhythm, rhythm and all that.
366
00:31:47,545 --> 00:31:50,445
Ever since the crash,life's been so grim.
367
00:31:52,088 --> 00:31:55,122
Jitterbugswere changing the mood.
368
00:31:57,462 --> 00:32:00,062
We were the new flaming youth.
369
00:32:04,756 --> 00:32:07,623
When Benny Goodman played
New York, it was madness.
370
00:32:11,186 --> 00:32:14,053
There was a wholeyouth craze catching on.
371
00:32:15,728 --> 00:32:17,761
Adults weren't readyto integrate,
372
00:32:18,702 --> 00:32:20,668
but jitterbugs were.
373
00:32:22,124 --> 00:32:24,858
White kids took their cuesfrom us Negroes.
374
00:32:25,899 --> 00:32:29,600
Where we couldn't go,our songs would.
375
00:32:34,184 --> 00:32:38,252
Our music made the feetof the world dance.
376
00:32:47,940 --> 00:32:51,440
Swing broke outto the mass audience.
377
00:32:53,249 --> 00:32:55,359
If you didn't live in the city,
378
00:32:55,360 --> 00:32:57,215
then you could hear iton the radio.
379
00:32:57,215 --> 00:32:59,037
And so the Camel Caravan...
380
00:32:59,038 --> 00:33:02,236
Shows like Camel Caravan
and Let's Dance.
381
00:33:02,237 --> 00:33:07,579
You could live the dream without
ever having to leave your bedroom.
382
00:33:07,579 --> 00:33:10,873
I hereby dedicate...
383
00:33:10,873 --> 00:33:16,443
the World's Fair of 1939.
384
00:33:19,735 --> 00:33:22,165
When they had the World's Fair,
385
00:33:22,166 --> 00:33:24,277
it was about the future,
386
00:33:24,277 --> 00:33:27,243
and jitterbugswere at the center of it all.
387
00:33:29,043 --> 00:33:31,922
I heard them talkingabout us on the radio.
388
00:33:31,922 --> 00:33:33,904
They said,
389
00:33:33,905 --> 00:33:36,719
"Once you've glimpsedthe world of tomorrow,
390
00:33:36,719 --> 00:33:38,862
you can never look back.
391
00:33:38,863 --> 00:33:41,645
You may enter ita girl of today.
392
00:33:41,646 --> 00:33:44,940
You'll come outa girl of tomorrow."
393
00:33:44,940 --> 00:33:47,242
I want to tell you,I have never seen...
394
00:33:47,243 --> 00:33:50,186
such a spectacle as thisin all my life.
395
00:33:50,186 --> 00:33:53,820
Swing was the voice of youth,the sound of freedom.
396
00:33:55,175 --> 00:33:56,997
It was real.
397
00:33:56,998 --> 00:33:58,724
It was alive.
398
00:33:58,725 --> 00:34:00,707
Enthusiastic young jitterbugs...
399
00:34:00,708 --> 00:34:03,975
young Americans livingfor the world of tomorrow.
400
00:34:44,218 --> 00:34:46,584
When the Hitler Youth started,
401
00:34:46,584 --> 00:34:48,416
it was an inspiring cause.
402
00:34:51,319 --> 00:34:54,486
But nowit was the establishment.
403
00:34:56,117 --> 00:34:58,650
Membership was compulsory.
404
00:35:02,290 --> 00:35:06,025
Slowly, you lost yourself.
405
00:35:08,144 --> 00:35:12,494
It was the denial and the
degradation of the individual...
406
00:35:12,494 --> 00:35:14,794
into the mass.
407
00:35:30,823 --> 00:35:33,509
If you didn't like it,
408
00:35:33,510 --> 00:35:35,710
there was no escape.
409
00:35:43,268 --> 00:35:45,134
At 16 and 17,
410
00:35:46,850 --> 00:35:49,316
you crawled inside yourself.
411
00:35:51,967 --> 00:35:53,666
Psychologically...
412
00:35:55,998 --> 00:35:57,998
you were armed.
413
00:36:06,235 --> 00:36:11,129
Germany has invaded Polandand has bombed many towns.
414
00:36:11,129 --> 00:36:14,363
General mobilization has been
ordered in Britain and France.
415
00:36:19,766 --> 00:36:23,433
Melita had quickly climbedthe ranks of the Hitler Youth.
416
00:36:25,715 --> 00:36:31,185
Once the war started, she left home
to serve as a youth press officer.
417
00:36:34,033 --> 00:36:36,335
Melita wasthe ideal youth leader...
418
00:36:36,335 --> 00:36:39,918
rigorous, hardworking,
419
00:36:39,919 --> 00:36:42,786
and she believed in Germany'ssuperior moral position.
420
00:36:48,363 --> 00:36:50,857
She quickly losther Jewish friends,
421
00:36:50,858 --> 00:36:54,125
but sacrifices had to be made.
422
00:36:58,855 --> 00:37:01,989
You had only two choices...
423
00:37:01,989 --> 00:37:06,023
have Jewish friendsor be a National Socialist.
424
00:37:09,345 --> 00:37:12,896
When I had to passalong the ghetto street,
425
00:37:12,897 --> 00:37:17,833
the wretchedness of the childrenbrought a lump into my throat.
426
00:37:20,862 --> 00:37:22,781
But gradually,
427
00:37:22,782 --> 00:37:26,216
I learned to switch offmy private feelings.
428
00:37:31,739 --> 00:37:35,385
Everythingthat I was or had been...
429
00:37:35,385 --> 00:37:38,886
was now absorbedinto the whole.
430
00:38:05,071 --> 00:38:07,738
Not everyonewas willing to comply.
431
00:38:10,861 --> 00:38:12,827
There were the Hamburg Swings.
432
00:38:14,252 --> 00:38:17,853
They were obsessed with American
music and British fashion.
433
00:38:19,850 --> 00:38:22,550
It didn't matterif it was against Nazi law.
434
00:38:25,799 --> 00:38:27,365
They had no manifesto.
435
00:38:29,351 --> 00:38:34,320
Still, their mere presencewas a threat to the regime.
436
00:38:42,658 --> 00:38:45,992
Tommie Scheelfell in love with swing.
437
00:38:51,583 --> 00:38:55,197
It all started when a friend of
his came back from New York...
438
00:38:55,198 --> 00:38:57,131
with all the latest records.
439
00:38:58,876 --> 00:39:01,977
Tommie heard somethingin swing he liked.
440
00:39:02,842 --> 00:39:05,113
It was a new youth language,
441
00:39:05,114 --> 00:39:07,547
and Nazis weren't allowed.
442
00:39:10,295 --> 00:39:13,654
Once the war started,if you weren't in uniform,
443
00:39:13,655 --> 00:39:17,189
everyone knew what you believed
in or what you didn't.
444
00:39:19,188 --> 00:39:21,938
Tommie wore British suits.
445
00:39:21,938 --> 00:39:24,872
He wouldn't put onthe Hitler Youth uniform.
446
00:39:26,737 --> 00:39:30,805
It was important not to looklike faithful German younglings.
447
00:39:46,443 --> 00:39:48,943
The Nazis hated swing.
448
00:39:50,121 --> 00:39:53,154
They bannedall art and social dancing.
449
00:39:54,854 --> 00:39:57,754
Boys and girlswere forbidden to mix.
450
00:40:02,243 --> 00:40:04,810
Swing showswere raided by police.
451
00:40:06,176 --> 00:40:09,087
When one Hamburg Swingwas arrested, they told him,
452
00:40:09,088 --> 00:40:12,415
"Anything that beginswith Duke Ellington...
453
00:40:12,416 --> 00:40:15,116
ends with an assassinationattempt on Hitler."
454
00:40:19,516 --> 00:40:23,084
So Tommie and his friendsmet at his parents' house...
455
00:40:24,923 --> 00:40:27,356
where nobodycould see them dance.
456
00:40:51,155 --> 00:40:54,161
Once, for fun,
457
00:40:54,162 --> 00:40:56,912
they dressed uplike American gangsters...
458
00:40:56,913 --> 00:40:59,580
and pretended to roba friend's villa.
459
00:41:01,455 --> 00:41:03,421
Of course they took pictures.
460
00:41:04,781 --> 00:41:06,747
It was their art.
461
00:41:13,482 --> 00:41:15,782
Once the Gestapogot ahold of the pictures,
462
00:41:17,736 --> 00:41:20,069
they wishedthey'd never done it.
463
00:41:25,092 --> 00:41:28,459
Robbery chargeswere brought against them.
464
00:41:29,889 --> 00:41:32,556
Police reportscalled them criminals.
465
00:41:33,504 --> 00:41:35,838
It saidthey were race defilers,
466
00:41:35,838 --> 00:41:37,437
they fornicated,
467
00:41:39,101 --> 00:41:41,433
they were homosexualsand robbers.
468
00:41:43,610 --> 00:41:46,904
It wasn't just kids having fun.
469
00:41:46,905 --> 00:41:49,472
They were a direct threatto the nation.
470
00:42:00,246 --> 00:42:03,980
When they arrested Tommie,they beat him.
471
00:42:05,555 --> 00:42:08,113
He was shippedto a political prison,
472
00:42:08,113 --> 00:42:10,246
much like a concentration camp.
473
00:42:12,112 --> 00:42:14,638
He survived,
474
00:42:14,638 --> 00:42:18,206
eventually finding his wayto his beloved America.
475
00:42:21,676 --> 00:42:23,776
But most of his friends did not.
476
00:42:54,660 --> 00:42:59,074
A date which will livein infamy.
477
00:42:59,074 --> 00:43:01,985
Following yesterday's shatteringand unprovoked attacks,
478
00:43:01,986 --> 00:43:04,992
the United States formally declared
war on the empire of Japan.
479
00:43:04,993 --> 00:43:06,944
Today the nation is stirring...
480
00:43:06,944 --> 00:43:09,374
as it slowly realizesthe immense extent...
481
00:43:09,375 --> 00:43:11,677
of the enterpriseon which it has embarked.
482
00:43:11,677 --> 00:43:13,884
More than 16 millionyoung Americans,
483
00:43:13,885 --> 00:43:17,308
in answer to the highestobligation of their citizenship,
484
00:43:17,309 --> 00:43:20,859
place themselves atthe disposal of their country.
485
00:43:20,859 --> 00:43:23,769
I will obey the orders of the
president of the United States...
486
00:43:23,770 --> 00:43:27,768
The government was asking usto defend freedom,
487
00:43:27,768 --> 00:43:29,901
and we answered the call.
488
00:43:32,726 --> 00:43:36,427
We thought democracy was
something worth fighting for.
489
00:43:41,138 --> 00:43:43,281
The Americans were coming.
490
00:43:43,282 --> 00:43:46,000
It was world war all over again.
491
00:43:46,000 --> 00:43:48,399
The youth of Britain certainlymeans to play its part...
492
00:43:48,400 --> 00:43:50,063
in shaping the future.
493
00:43:50,063 --> 00:43:53,453
The authorities know how keenall these boys of 17 are...
494
00:43:53,454 --> 00:43:55,520
a sign of the times.
495
00:43:57,675 --> 00:43:59,775
We'd been at warfor two years now.
496
00:44:10,087 --> 00:44:11,953
I lived in Londonduring the Blitz.
497
00:44:14,278 --> 00:44:17,279
I slept in the Undergroundwhile the bombs dropped,
498
00:44:21,508 --> 00:44:23,975
then came up to seethe buildings crumbling.
499
00:44:32,545 --> 00:44:35,212
I was excited when the G.I.sarrived from America.
500
00:44:37,182 --> 00:44:40,893
They brought all the swing music I'd
been listening to and made it live.
501
00:44:40,894 --> 00:44:43,548
Who wants to listento some sentimental ballad...
502
00:44:43,548 --> 00:44:46,108
when you're young and you can dance
the "A" Train with the Yanks?
503
00:44:47,546 --> 00:44:50,457
The G.I.s looked so sharp,
504
00:44:50,457 --> 00:44:55,259
like we were in black and whiteand here they came, in color.
505
00:44:57,462 --> 00:44:59,444
When you think of entertainment,
506
00:44:59,445 --> 00:45:02,676
you must somehow think of Piccadilly,
the hub of entertainment.
507
00:45:02,676 --> 00:45:05,586
In Shaftesbury Avenue, less than
a hundred yards from the circus,
508
00:45:05,587 --> 00:45:09,490
is Rainbow Corner, famous American
entertainment headquarters.
509
00:45:09,490 --> 00:45:11,632
Ices and lasses,and what more could you want?
510
00:45:11,633 --> 00:45:13,766
Unless it'smore lasses than ices.
511
00:45:16,110 --> 00:45:19,405
Rainbow Cornerwas open all day and all night.
512
00:45:19,406 --> 00:45:21,260
But sometimesthey had to close it...
513
00:45:21,260 --> 00:45:23,793
because there were so many of uson the street outside.
514
00:45:26,633 --> 00:45:29,640
For a night,I could forget about the war.
515
00:45:29,641 --> 00:45:31,623
And are they enjoying it.
516
00:45:31,624 --> 00:45:35,526
Such an occasion as this, small
though it may be in itself,
517
00:45:35,526 --> 00:45:37,381
it's just anotherhappy indication...
518
00:45:37,382 --> 00:45:40,036
of the friendly relationshipand happy understanding...
519
00:45:40,036 --> 00:45:43,670
that exist between ourselves and
our cousins across the Atlantic.
520
00:46:12,059 --> 00:46:14,858
In Europe they weretreating us like equals.
521
00:46:17,432 --> 00:46:19,598
But back homewas a different story.
522
00:46:21,846 --> 00:46:23,946
We were the enemy.
523
00:46:29,459 --> 00:46:33,394
Warren Wall was 16when the war started,
524
00:46:33,394 --> 00:46:35,927
the eldestof seven brothers and sisters.
525
00:46:37,007 --> 00:46:39,774
He hoped to becomean electrical engineer.
526
00:46:46,764 --> 00:46:49,865
Sometimes I feel so alone.
527
00:46:54,058 --> 00:46:55,957
I don't wanna runwith the gangs.
528
00:46:58,727 --> 00:47:00,093
I wanna work...
529
00:47:01,223 --> 00:47:02,889
and gain respect.
530
00:47:04,453 --> 00:47:06,886
But most of my friendsdon't see it that way.
531
00:47:08,291 --> 00:47:11,892
They tell me, why try to fitinto a white man's world?
532
00:47:16,352 --> 00:47:22,055
I don't believe I or any Negrocan help but feel inferior.
533
00:47:31,611 --> 00:47:34,878
Scouting's one programwhere I'm nearly an equal.
534
00:47:36,632 --> 00:47:40,533
I can compete with white boysand get the same recognition.
535
00:47:42,134 --> 00:47:45,434
I'd like to be the first Negro
Eagle Scout in the city.
536
00:47:47,603 --> 00:47:49,903
But somehow I'm stuck.
537
00:47:51,474 --> 00:47:55,476
I don't know whether it's meor the Scout leadership.
538
00:48:04,367 --> 00:48:07,233
I've always wantedto be an athlete.
539
00:48:10,092 --> 00:48:12,843
And I know you can't give upall your strength on girls...
540
00:48:12,843 --> 00:48:15,243
and expect to give your bestin athletic games.
541
00:48:17,641 --> 00:48:19,336
But when I was 14,
542
00:48:19,336 --> 00:48:22,438
I had sex for the first timewith a girl,
543
00:48:22,439 --> 00:48:24,705
and I thought I was hot stuff.
544
00:48:26,084 --> 00:48:28,451
I'll never forgetthe experience...
545
00:48:29,860 --> 00:48:33,410
because for weeksI was darn near eaten up.
546
00:48:33,410 --> 00:48:37,278
I had to go to my father,and he just laughed.
547
00:49:07,801 --> 00:49:10,231
I've seen lots of people...
548
00:49:10,231 --> 00:49:13,142
whose actionsmake me dislike them,
549
00:49:13,143 --> 00:49:15,175
even despise them.
550
00:49:18,387 --> 00:49:23,313
But my father says we shouldbe fighting for our rights,
551
00:49:23,313 --> 00:49:25,046
not picking fights.
552
00:49:31,535 --> 00:49:35,693
But at times, I've just itched to
take a crack at a white guy...
553
00:49:35,693 --> 00:49:38,527
just to see if he can take itlike he can dish it.
554
00:49:40,588 --> 00:49:46,325
When I get disrespected,I get so angry I could explode.
555
00:49:53,639 --> 00:49:57,350
I want to appealto all the people of Harlem...
556
00:49:57,350 --> 00:50:00,325
for your complete cooperation...
557
00:50:00,326 --> 00:50:04,067
in order to bringto a speedy end...
558
00:50:04,067 --> 00:50:07,713
this mostunfortunate condition...
559
00:50:07,713 --> 00:50:13,184
which was brought aboutby a few rowdies and hoodlums.
560
00:50:13,185 --> 00:50:14,911
And during the past 10 days,
561
00:50:14,911 --> 00:50:17,022
the zoot-suit warfarehere in Los Angeles.
562
00:50:17,023 --> 00:50:21,502
Mobs attacked and roughed up harmless
citizens of Mexican descent.
563
00:50:21,502 --> 00:50:25,244
Cars were stopped, the occupants pulled
out, doors ripped from the cars.
564
00:50:25,245 --> 00:50:28,579
That's what happens when the mob starts
to take things into its own hands.
565
00:50:33,082 --> 00:50:36,665
Why would young peoplefight for democracy...
566
00:50:36,665 --> 00:50:41,048
if we're just gonna be treatedlike second-class citizens?
567
00:50:41,048 --> 00:50:43,606
Aside from the physicalevidences of the war,
568
00:50:43,607 --> 00:50:48,117
the psychological impact of the
war is of extreme importance...
569
00:50:48,117 --> 00:50:51,818
in consideration of the conduct
of the children at this time.
570
00:50:53,235 --> 00:50:55,249
The lid had blown off,
571
00:50:55,250 --> 00:50:58,584
and all our anger poured out.
572
00:51:00,656 --> 00:51:03,919
And they searchedfor a reason why.
573
00:51:03,920 --> 00:51:05,870
Have you ever had
any obsessions?
574
00:51:05,870 --> 00:51:08,812
Ideas that drive you
to do something?
575
00:51:08,813 --> 00:51:11,403
Well, yeah, I guess so.
576
00:51:11,404 --> 00:51:13,483
I remember when I was a kid
I used to have spells...
577
00:51:13,483 --> 00:51:17,084
where I was afraid to touch a
knife for fear I'd cut my throat.
578
00:51:21,320 --> 00:51:23,271
Upon America's youth,
579
00:51:23,272 --> 00:51:25,158
the excitement andemotional tension of war...
580
00:51:25,158 --> 00:51:27,684
is today exertingan influence...
581
00:51:27,685 --> 00:51:30,723
which psychiatrists fearmay be felt for years to come.
582
00:51:30,724 --> 00:51:35,874
And the conversion to all-out war effort of
American industry and the American community...
583
00:51:35,874 --> 00:51:38,753
has confronted many young
people, like their elders,
584
00:51:38,753 --> 00:51:42,154
with a profound and unsettling
change in their manner of living.
585
00:51:45,983 --> 00:51:47,849
The depression was long gone.
586
00:51:49,245 --> 00:51:51,739
Millions of peoplewere on the move,
587
00:51:51,739 --> 00:51:53,672
just going where the work was.
588
00:51:57,753 --> 00:52:00,279
Dad's working again all hours.
589
00:52:00,280 --> 00:52:02,295
Mom too.
590
00:52:02,296 --> 00:52:04,629
So I'm at home alone a lot.
591
00:52:05,974 --> 00:52:07,907
It gets a little lonely.
592
00:52:11,315 --> 00:52:14,161
Freed from parental authority,
593
00:52:14,162 --> 00:52:17,712
youngsters are venturinginto new and unwholesome worlds.
594
00:52:17,712 --> 00:52:21,775
Experiments with new sensations,
such as the smoking of marijuana,
595
00:52:21,776 --> 00:52:25,811
are tempting more and more teenage
youngsters along dangerous paths.
596
00:52:28,461 --> 00:52:30,507
To many adolescent girls,
597
00:52:30,508 --> 00:52:32,842
even thosein their earliest teens,
598
00:52:32,843 --> 00:52:36,077
war is opening up avenuesof unaccustomed excitement.
599
00:52:37,225 --> 00:52:40,519
To them any man in uniformseems a hero.
600
00:52:40,520 --> 00:52:43,687
And in towns crowded with
footloose soldiers or sailors,
601
00:52:43,687 --> 00:52:47,780
it is easy for them to get passing
attention they could not normally expect.
602
00:52:47,780 --> 00:52:50,531
Do you realize what time it is?
603
00:52:50,532 --> 00:52:53,165
Oh, Mother, don't be such
an old fuddy-duddy.
604
00:53:04,606 --> 00:53:06,005
No!
605
00:53:09,499 --> 00:53:14,426
Is it wise for a girl of your age to
go steady with just one boy, June?
606
00:53:14,426 --> 00:53:18,520
Well, Miss Norton, I don't think a girl should
confine her dating schedule to just one boy.
607
00:53:18,521 --> 00:53:21,751
She needs the companionship
of all of them.
608
00:53:21,751 --> 00:53:24,918
♪ There's a girl named Kate, and
she thinks she's really great ♪
609
00:53:24,919 --> 00:53:26,652
♪ But she's not ♪
610
00:53:29,558 --> 00:53:33,693
♪ All the boys stare at the girl
with blonde hair It's not fair ♪
611
00:53:36,563 --> 00:53:39,026
They called us Victory Girls.
612
00:53:39,026 --> 00:53:40,625
Khaki Whaki young women.
613
00:53:41,328 --> 00:53:42,894
Juvenile delinquents.
614
00:53:42,895 --> 00:53:44,494
Are you pregnant?
615
00:53:45,261 --> 00:53:47,361
Yes! Yes, I am!
616
00:53:53,610 --> 00:53:57,193
Johnny and 200,000 other youngsters
who are arrested each year...
617
00:53:57,194 --> 00:53:59,627
are America'snumber one crime problem.
618
00:54:00,711 --> 00:54:03,174
Now what will becomeof this boy?
619
00:54:03,175 --> 00:54:06,309
Will he befingerprinted, photographed,
620
00:54:06,309 --> 00:54:10,595
given a permanentcriminal record at 15?
621
00:54:10,596 --> 00:54:12,963
Will he grow upin reformatories and prisons...
622
00:54:12,963 --> 00:54:15,730
to become a bitterand seasoned criminal?
623
00:54:16,834 --> 00:54:18,720
Can't something be done...
624
00:54:18,720 --> 00:54:22,750
to help these twisted young
lives and set them straight?
625
00:54:22,751 --> 00:54:25,718
Golly, what do you suppose
is going to happen to us now?
626
00:54:34,235 --> 00:54:37,466
To keep youngsters awayfrom dives and drinking places,
627
00:54:37,466 --> 00:54:39,577
there is the dry nightclub,
628
00:54:39,578 --> 00:54:43,352
organized and operated by the
local young people themselves.
629
00:54:43,352 --> 00:54:46,167
Where they exist,experience has shown...
630
00:54:46,168 --> 00:54:51,126
that most youngsters prefer these
clubs to more dubious hangouts.
631
00:54:51,126 --> 00:54:54,324
We had a rightto a place of our own.
632
00:54:54,325 --> 00:54:59,927
And adults started to realize that maybe
some freedom might make us behave.
633
00:55:01,777 --> 00:55:04,544
So we startedour own social clubs.
634
00:55:05,679 --> 00:55:08,398
They were called teen canteens.
635
00:55:08,399 --> 00:55:10,637
- This is fun, isn't it?- Yeah!
636
00:55:10,637 --> 00:55:13,452
You're sure you like to do
things like this? Sure.
637
00:55:13,453 --> 00:55:17,323
I thought all girls wanted fellas
to take them to fancy places...
638
00:55:17,323 --> 00:55:20,778
and spend lots of money.
Not this girl.
639
00:55:20,779 --> 00:55:23,849
We called the clubsThe Jive Hive,
640
00:55:23,849 --> 00:55:27,048
The Buzz Bucket,The Swing Haven, Hepcat Hall,
641
00:55:27,049 --> 00:55:29,607
Rhythm Rocker,Boogie and The Strut Hut.
642
00:55:29,607 --> 00:55:31,558
Hear the names?
643
00:55:31,559 --> 00:55:34,533
Proves that they're really ours.
644
00:55:34,533 --> 00:55:37,315
The canteen has its own lawsabout closing,
645
00:55:37,316 --> 00:55:39,427
and the members obey them.
646
00:55:39,428 --> 00:55:43,330
Some people may question our behavior when
we keep the canteen open until 11:00.
647
00:55:43,330 --> 00:55:47,201
Nobody has to stay here till 11:00 just
because the canteen is still open.
648
00:55:47,201 --> 00:55:50,399
There's no law that says you
have to stay or you have to go.
649
00:55:50,400 --> 00:55:53,950
I have heard people talking
about your late hours here.
650
00:55:53,950 --> 00:55:56,764
You'd better realize
that the town could pass a law.
651
00:55:56,765 --> 00:56:01,500
You see, whatever the community
decides is best for itself...
652
00:56:01,500 --> 00:56:03,355
usually becomes law.
653
00:56:03,356 --> 00:56:06,874
The community? Well, aren't
we part of the community?
654
00:56:06,874 --> 00:56:08,408
Well, of course you are, Jack.
655
00:56:08,409 --> 00:56:10,648
Don't you think
it would be better...
656
00:56:10,649 --> 00:56:14,583
if the canteen were to pass its own
law to close weeknights at 10:30?
657
00:56:14,583 --> 00:56:18,646
And so Jack is learningabout social controls.
658
00:56:18,647 --> 00:56:22,773
Social controls,moral code and law...
659
00:56:22,773 --> 00:56:26,674
have always played a part in the
activities of the teen canteen.
660
00:56:30,195 --> 00:56:31,953
These leaders...
661
00:56:31,953 --> 00:56:34,576
the Hitlers and the Goebbels
and the Görings...
662
00:56:34,577 --> 00:56:37,424
and, uh, so forth...
663
00:56:37,425 --> 00:56:40,943
have built up, uh...
I don't know...
664
00:56:40,943 --> 00:56:44,141
some sort
of a demi-godliness about them.
665
00:56:44,142 --> 00:56:47,981
The youth of Germany...they have likes and dislikes,
666
00:56:47,981 --> 00:56:50,147
and they want freedomjust as much as other people do.
667
00:57:03,496 --> 00:57:04,928
The tide turned...
668
00:57:06,694 --> 00:57:09,261
and bombs rained from the sky.
669
00:57:13,635 --> 00:57:16,353
There were sirensevery night...
670
00:57:16,354 --> 00:57:19,120
and several terrible attacks.
671
00:57:22,015 --> 00:57:24,748
We wanted to run awayfrom this misery.
672
00:57:26,941 --> 00:57:30,876
It didn't matter where to,just away.
673
00:57:52,694 --> 00:57:54,580
Still,
674
00:57:54,581 --> 00:57:57,381
there were somewho resisted Hitler's will.
675
00:57:58,387 --> 00:58:00,177
For years,
676
00:58:00,178 --> 00:58:03,512
underground gangs like the Edelweiss
Pirates escaped into nature...
677
00:58:05,232 --> 00:58:07,465
far away from the regime.
678
00:58:11,246 --> 00:58:14,847
They declared eternal waron the Hitler Youth.
679
00:58:17,003 --> 00:58:18,698
In Cologne,
680
00:58:18,699 --> 00:58:22,026
they started a campaignof anti-Hitler graffiti,
681
00:58:22,026 --> 00:58:25,000
vandalism and sabotage.
682
00:58:25,001 --> 00:58:29,102
In just one month600 of them were arrested.
683
00:58:31,974 --> 00:58:35,275
The Gestapo madean example of them.
684
00:58:41,602 --> 00:58:45,303
Kids of 13 or 14were sent to the front.
685
00:58:49,216 --> 00:58:52,049
The old had sent us to die,
686
00:58:54,237 --> 00:58:56,403
and there was no turning back.
687
00:59:22,486 --> 00:59:25,886
My parents died in a nightbombing attack by the British.
688
00:59:27,987 --> 00:59:32,322
The sight of smoking ruinsbecame a daily occurrence.
689
00:59:39,342 --> 00:59:42,775
I believed that I would notoutlive the Third Reich.
690
00:59:45,130 --> 00:59:48,424
If it was condemned to go under,
691
00:59:48,425 --> 00:59:50,024
then so was I.
692
00:59:53,863 --> 00:59:57,764
I was no longer ableto suppress the realization...
693
00:59:59,557 --> 01:00:04,226
that all the sacrificeshad been in vain.
694
01:00:15,936 --> 01:00:16,436
♪♪
695
01:00:20,542 --> 01:00:24,220
♪ Fifteen thousand times a day ♪
696
01:00:24,220 --> 01:00:29,114
♪ I hear a voice within me say ♪
697
01:00:29,114 --> 01:00:31,704
♪ "Hide yourself
behind a screen ♪
698
01:00:31,705 --> 01:00:34,039
♪ You shouldn't be heard
You shouldn't be seen ♪
699
01:00:34,040 --> 01:00:39,276
♪ You're just
an awful in-between" ♪
700
01:00:43,445 --> 01:00:48,722
♪ I'm past the stageof doll and carriage ♪
701
01:00:48,722 --> 01:00:51,345
♪ And not the age ♪
702
01:00:51,346 --> 01:00:53,809
♪ To think of marriage ♪
703
01:00:53,810 --> 01:00:58,320
♪ I'm too old for toys,
and I'm too young for boys ♪
704
01:00:58,320 --> 01:01:02,321
♪ I'm just an in-between ♪
705
01:01:03,373 --> 01:01:05,484
♪ I'm not a child ♪
706
01:01:05,485 --> 01:01:07,915
♪ All children bore me ♪
707
01:01:07,915 --> 01:01:10,217
♪ I'm not grown up ♪
708
01:01:10,218 --> 01:01:12,456
♪ Grown-ups ignore me ♪
709
01:01:12,457 --> 01:01:17,735
♪ And in every senseI'm just on a fence ♪
710
01:01:17,735 --> 01:01:22,036
♪ I'm just an in-between ♪♪
711
01:01:24,707 --> 01:01:26,626
There's nothingworse than a dope...
712
01:01:26,626 --> 01:01:29,025
who tries to look oldor sophisticated,
713
01:01:29,026 --> 01:01:32,192
so all the makeup we useis just powder and lipstick.
714
01:01:32,193 --> 01:01:34,112
But we're fussy about lipstick.
715
01:01:34,112 --> 01:01:36,479
The right shadecan make or break.
716
01:01:45,245 --> 01:01:47,675
Of course clothesare awfully important.
717
01:01:47,676 --> 01:01:50,907
If a girl doesn't dress right, the
way everyone else is dressing,
718
01:01:50,908 --> 01:01:52,506
well, she's just out.
719
01:01:52,506 --> 01:01:55,192
She might as well be dead.
720
01:01:55,193 --> 01:01:57,336
I don't mean she needsa lot of clothes,
721
01:01:57,337 --> 01:02:00,503
and they don't have to be expensive,
but they have to be right,
722
01:02:00,503 --> 01:02:03,670
or she just labels herselfa crumb for life.
723
01:02:05,749 --> 01:02:07,156
What's this?
724
01:02:07,157 --> 01:02:08,979
What's what?
725
01:02:08,980 --> 01:02:12,314
Well, Jen, you're not going to Emily's
party in those clothes, are you?
726
01:02:13,553 --> 01:02:15,760
Oh, Mother,
it's only a hen party.
727
01:02:15,761 --> 01:02:18,191
Do you want them to think
I'm different or something?
728
01:02:18,191 --> 01:02:19,854
Oh, all right.
729
01:02:19,855 --> 01:02:21,485
Bye.
730
01:02:21,486 --> 01:02:23,118
Be home early.
731
01:02:27,467 --> 01:02:31,902
Before Pearl Harbor,I was playing with paper dolls.
732
01:02:33,192 --> 01:02:35,878
After Pearl Harbor,
733
01:02:35,879 --> 01:02:38,612
I never played with dolls again.
734
01:02:41,509 --> 01:02:44,227
I'm part of the war effort now.
735
01:02:44,227 --> 01:02:46,370
Workers for victory.
736
01:02:46,371 --> 01:02:50,401
The National Youth Administration
schooling in skilled mechanical trades,
737
01:02:50,401 --> 01:02:52,096
and you earn while you learn.
738
01:02:52,097 --> 01:02:55,839
And note the niftynew costumes too: Blue jeans.
739
01:02:55,839 --> 01:02:58,109
So here's your chanceto take a slap at a Jap.
740
01:02:58,110 --> 01:03:00,510
The army of industry needs you.
741
01:03:08,667 --> 01:03:10,532
I'm earning my own money.
742
01:03:13,273 --> 01:03:15,372
I'm not a little kid anymore.
743
01:03:18,742 --> 01:03:22,677
And I want to be treatedlike an equal.
744
01:03:24,020 --> 01:03:26,771
I suppose you're
going out again tonight.
745
01:03:26,772 --> 01:03:28,658
Yeah. So what?
746
01:03:28,658 --> 01:03:31,696
Jimmy, you have no business
staying out half the night...
747
01:03:31,697 --> 01:03:34,064
and coming home
all liquored up.
748
01:03:34,064 --> 01:03:37,518
Look, I'm getting sick and tired
of being treated like a kid.
749
01:03:37,519 --> 01:03:39,790
I'm making
as much money as you are,
750
01:03:39,791 --> 01:03:42,090
and I have a right
to have a little fun.
751
01:03:57,224 --> 01:03:59,175
All the big businesses...
752
01:03:59,176 --> 01:04:01,382
were starting to understandhow important we were.
753
01:04:01,382 --> 01:04:05,317
We are endeavoring to evaluate
your group's social habits.
754
01:04:05,318 --> 01:04:07,751
Could you tell us
in your own words?
755
01:04:08,867 --> 01:04:11,010
I can walk into a store...
756
01:04:11,011 --> 01:04:14,721
and buy clothes,records, magazines...
757
01:04:14,721 --> 01:04:17,375
all aimed right at me.
758
01:04:17,376 --> 01:04:19,550
Department stores,
759
01:04:19,550 --> 01:04:22,940
waking up to the special market
represented by some six million girls...
760
01:04:22,941 --> 01:04:27,275
are earnestly concentrating on giving
this exacting clientele what it wants.
761
01:04:30,202 --> 01:04:33,272
We're the bossesof the business now.
762
01:04:33,272 --> 01:04:35,798
A Big Bang. Uh, chocolate...
763
01:04:35,799 --> 01:04:37,558
- With chocolate sauce.
- Chocolate sauce.
764
01:04:37,559 --> 01:04:39,637
And, uh, marshmallows, nuts.
765
01:04:39,637 --> 01:04:41,837
How about a cherry? A cherry.
766
01:04:49,970 --> 01:04:51,536
They called us subdebs.
767
01:04:53,424 --> 01:04:56,124
You'd see usall over the magazines.
768
01:04:58,158 --> 01:05:00,525
We weren't debutantes at all.
769
01:05:01,934 --> 01:05:04,601
Just regularold high school kids.
770
01:05:08,459 --> 01:05:10,592
But it sounded fancy.
771
01:05:11,466 --> 01:05:13,365
And we sure like fancy.
772
01:05:20,102 --> 01:05:23,492
I love being 17.
773
01:05:23,492 --> 01:05:26,493
I wish I could stay this agefor a while.
774
01:05:30,466 --> 01:05:34,433
Seventeen is that perfect spotbetween adolescence...
775
01:05:34,434 --> 01:05:37,824
which meansyou're going somewhere...
776
01:05:37,824 --> 01:05:41,992
and adulthood... which meansyou're on the downgrade.
777
01:05:44,701 --> 01:05:45,201
♪♪
778
01:05:58,649 --> 01:06:00,949
Thank you very much,
ladies and gentlemen.
779
01:06:08,116 --> 01:06:10,066
Whether theycalled us hooligans,
780
01:06:10,067 --> 01:06:14,546
flappers,jitterbugs or subdebs,
781
01:06:14,546 --> 01:06:16,879
we knew who we were.
782
01:06:19,057 --> 01:06:21,168
The time had come...
783
01:06:21,168 --> 01:06:22,967
to declare it.
784
01:06:32,653 --> 01:06:35,053
The article came outin the New York Times.
785
01:06:36,682 --> 01:06:39,449
The Teen-Age Bill of Rights.
786
01:06:40,616 --> 01:06:42,375
A declaration.
787
01:06:42,376 --> 01:06:44,486
A manifesto.
788
01:06:44,487 --> 01:06:48,054
It was like a contractbetween the generations.
789
01:06:49,892 --> 01:06:52,163
From the beginningof man's life on earth,
790
01:06:52,164 --> 01:06:56,514
there have been but two
generations: The old and the young.
791
01:06:56,514 --> 01:06:59,072
And throughoutthe world's history,
792
01:06:59,072 --> 01:07:01,471
in every nationand in every time,
793
01:07:01,472 --> 01:07:02,942
the lives and fortunesof the young...
794
01:07:02,943 --> 01:07:06,461
have been inevitably ruledby the dictates of the old...
795
01:07:06,461 --> 01:07:10,763
who have called upon youth to enforce
their aims and impose their will.
796
01:07:16,890 --> 01:07:18,585
Of all the world's youth,
797
01:07:18,585 --> 01:07:20,696
none are more fortunateby birthright and inheritance...
798
01:07:20,697 --> 01:07:24,951
than the 21 million boys and girls
between the ages of 16 and 24...
799
01:07:24,951 --> 01:07:28,018
who constitute one vastand glamorous society.
800
01:07:45,585 --> 01:07:47,759
Today no one portionof the American population...
801
01:07:47,760 --> 01:07:51,594
is more consistently admiredthan its young men and women.
802
01:07:52,846 --> 01:07:55,468
For since the postwar daysof the flapper,
803
01:07:55,469 --> 01:07:57,324
speakeasy and flaming youth,
804
01:07:57,324 --> 01:08:00,266
America's youngsters have ledthe styles and set the pace...
805
01:08:00,267 --> 01:08:02,533
for the youngof every other nation.
806
01:08:15,335 --> 01:08:18,602
Each generation feelsthat it is the future.
807
01:08:20,133 --> 01:08:21,635
To the teenager,
808
01:08:21,636 --> 01:08:24,403
nothing is more important...
809
01:08:25,922 --> 01:08:28,768
Than to find outwhere we fit in...
810
01:08:28,768 --> 01:08:31,201
in relation to life around us.
811
01:08:32,959 --> 01:08:35,192
It is a serious quest.
812
01:08:36,349 --> 01:08:37,715
Often a painful one.
813
01:08:48,313 --> 01:08:51,799
Two atomic bombsthree days apart.
814
01:08:51,800 --> 01:08:54,038
Japan has surrendered.
815
01:08:54,039 --> 01:08:57,140
And there's jubilationaround this earth.
816
01:09:03,699 --> 01:09:07,968
This is a storythat ends with a beginning.
817
01:09:10,545 --> 01:09:13,078
The old world was over,
818
01:09:14,127 --> 01:09:16,494
and a new figure emerged.
819
01:09:26,634 --> 01:09:29,257
It would becomethe model for youth...
820
01:09:29,258 --> 01:09:31,491
that still exists today.
821
01:09:32,744 --> 01:09:34,343
The teenager.
822
01:09:43,717 --> 01:09:46,684
American culture keptspreading around the world.
823
01:09:50,562 --> 01:09:52,862
They took away our weapons...
824
01:09:54,816 --> 01:09:57,550
and gave us Coca-Colas instead.
825
01:10:04,700 --> 01:10:07,366
The teenagerwas an American invention.
826
01:10:09,818 --> 01:10:11,517
It's what we wanted to be.
827
01:10:15,256 --> 01:10:17,256
We knew we could beblown up in an instant.
828
01:10:19,446 --> 01:10:21,646
So we lived in the now.
829
01:10:28,307 --> 01:10:31,707
Teenage wasa compromise solution.
830
01:10:33,073 --> 01:10:35,606
We got the freedomwe were looking for.
831
01:10:37,934 --> 01:10:40,334
But adultsstill had some control.
832
01:10:45,228 --> 01:10:48,426
A lot of people tryto shape the future.
833
01:10:48,427 --> 01:10:50,346
Parents, the government,
834
01:10:50,346 --> 01:10:53,079
bankers, the police.
835
01:10:55,144 --> 01:10:57,611
But it's the young oneswho will live in it.
836
01:10:58,854 --> 01:11:02,121
And we are the oneswho will fight for it.
72655
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