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Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:34,766 --> 00:00:38,349 Ambition? Well, I want to do something that's going to be lastingly useful... 2 00:00:38,349 --> 00:00:42,283 and leave some sort of mark behind me, not just a blank space. 3 00:00:42,284 --> 00:00:46,352 I think my ambition in life is to be famous, but I'm not quite sure. 4 00:01:03,174 --> 00:01:05,348 I've never experienced another generation, 5 00:01:05,348 --> 00:01:07,682 but I do feel we'll have something to say. 6 00:01:07,683 --> 00:01:10,817 We'll make a gigantic splash in the world to come. 7 00:01:10,817 --> 00:01:12,928 There's always a change going on. 8 00:01:12,929 --> 00:01:14,783 You never know what's gonna happen next. 9 00:01:14,784 --> 00:01:17,055 You never know what new clothes you're gonna have. 10 00:01:17,055 --> 00:01:19,006 You never know what the new records are gonna be. 11 00:01:19,007 --> 00:01:21,107 My stack of records keeps getting larger. 12 00:01:35,930 --> 00:01:38,297 You know how parents are. They always bug you... where you're going, 13 00:01:38,298 --> 00:01:40,248 when you're getting home, who you went with, 14 00:01:40,249 --> 00:01:42,968 what time you're gonna be back, don't stay on the phone too long. 15 00:01:42,968 --> 00:01:45,462 Then you get your own car, and you're free a little bit. 16 00:01:45,463 --> 00:01:47,362 But they're still holding on the rope. 17 00:02:21,901 --> 00:02:24,534 We're teenagers. 18 00:02:25,803 --> 00:02:27,969 But we didn't always exist. 19 00:02:29,672 --> 00:02:31,738 We were a wartime invention. 20 00:02:34,950 --> 00:02:36,883 Who would we become? 21 00:02:37,924 --> 00:02:40,355 Who would decide it? 22 00:02:40,355 --> 00:02:41,753 The adults? 23 00:02:44,577 --> 00:02:46,243 Or us? 24 00:03:22,419 --> 00:03:24,886 First we were just children. 25 00:03:26,417 --> 00:03:28,350 That's how they thought of us. 26 00:03:30,416 --> 00:03:34,084 And then all of a sudden we were supposed to be adults. 27 00:03:38,797 --> 00:03:42,198 Twelve years old, and I'd be off to work in the factory. 28 00:03:45,387 --> 00:03:47,053 I worked 74 hours a week. 29 00:03:48,746 --> 00:03:51,784 6:00 in the morning till 5:30 at night. 30 00:03:51,784 --> 00:03:53,683 Saturdays till noon. 31 00:03:55,911 --> 00:03:58,043 My hands were bruised and cut. 32 00:04:00,260 --> 00:04:02,226 I felt like a slave. 33 00:04:10,335 --> 00:04:13,150 Children have always worked, 34 00:04:13,151 --> 00:04:16,157 but it is only since the reign of the machine... 35 00:04:16,157 --> 00:04:19,791 that their work has been synonymous with slavery. 36 00:04:21,531 --> 00:04:24,858 There is no more terrible page in history... 37 00:04:24,858 --> 00:04:28,120 than that which records the enslavement of mere babies... 38 00:04:28,121 --> 00:04:30,855 by the industrial revolution. 39 00:04:33,912 --> 00:04:36,378 Adults knew it wasn't right. 40 00:04:38,709 --> 00:04:41,142 They wanted to protect us. 41 00:04:43,090 --> 00:04:46,257 So governments started to make child labor against the law. 42 00:04:51,759 --> 00:04:53,692 I started going to school. 43 00:04:55,917 --> 00:04:58,684 I loved having fun with my friends. 44 00:05:00,395 --> 00:05:02,161 We were young, 45 00:05:02,762 --> 00:05:05,129 and we were allowed to be. 46 00:05:07,208 --> 00:05:09,975 There was a second stage of life now. 47 00:05:12,679 --> 00:05:14,845 "Adolescence." 48 00:05:23,650 --> 00:05:26,283 In the factory we were prisoners, 49 00:05:27,104 --> 00:05:29,310 but in the streets... 50 00:05:29,311 --> 00:05:31,144 we were free. 51 00:05:35,325 --> 00:05:37,458 The cities were fast and hard. 52 00:05:38,843 --> 00:05:40,242 So were we. 53 00:05:42,906 --> 00:05:45,706 We formed gangs that roamed the streets. 54 00:05:47,352 --> 00:05:49,618 "Hooligans" is what the police called us. 55 00:05:50,614 --> 00:05:52,981 We carried knives. 56 00:05:52,981 --> 00:05:55,548 We robbed... and killed. 57 00:05:57,812 --> 00:06:00,179 Youth were a problem... 58 00:06:00,179 --> 00:06:02,145 that had to be controlled. 59 00:06:03,506 --> 00:06:06,160 My brother Scouts, 60 00:06:06,160 --> 00:06:10,510 you are doing much to prevent the present disgraceful waste... 61 00:06:10,511 --> 00:06:12,366 of human materials... 62 00:06:12,366 --> 00:06:14,508 and showing your poorer brothers... 63 00:06:14,509 --> 00:06:17,276 how to be good, successful men. 64 00:06:19,531 --> 00:06:22,057 One man thought he'd found a solution... 65 00:06:22,058 --> 00:06:24,324 to the problem of youth. 66 00:06:25,832 --> 00:06:27,878 A soldier called Robert Baden-Powell... 67 00:06:27,879 --> 00:06:30,679 wrote a military training manual for the young. 68 00:06:31,589 --> 00:06:33,789 Scouting for Boys it was called. 69 00:06:34,724 --> 00:06:36,924 It was a manifesto for a movement... 70 00:06:37,794 --> 00:06:40,032 the Boy Scouts. 71 00:06:40,033 --> 00:06:42,176 You are tested on your honor... 72 00:06:42,177 --> 00:06:46,143 to do your best to carry out the Scout Promise, 73 00:06:46,143 --> 00:06:49,244 which is to work for God and the king. 74 00:06:50,941 --> 00:06:54,108 Tracking and camping had always been a fantasy for me. 75 00:06:55,355 --> 00:06:57,818 I'd yearned for an awfully big adventure, 76 00:06:57,818 --> 00:06:59,651 and here it was. 77 00:07:02,136 --> 00:07:04,982 The Scouts came to America too. 78 00:07:04,983 --> 00:07:08,822 Hundreds of thousands of boys joined. 79 00:07:08,822 --> 00:07:10,356 They learned patriotism, 80 00:07:10,357 --> 00:07:14,004 courage and self-reliance. 81 00:07:14,005 --> 00:07:18,450 Once a Scout, always a Scout. 82 00:07:18,450 --> 00:07:21,744 I believed what Baden-Powell said... 83 00:07:21,744 --> 00:07:23,791 "The Scout is loyal to the king, 84 00:07:23,792 --> 00:07:27,631 to his officers, his parents and country. 85 00:07:27,631 --> 00:07:30,164 He must stick to them through thick and thin." 86 00:07:32,301 --> 00:07:34,220 We went from rat-faced slum kids... 87 00:07:34,220 --> 00:07:37,020 to fit and healthy soldiers, 88 00:07:37,963 --> 00:07:39,861 primed for war. 89 00:07:47,429 --> 00:07:53,284 Today, England is off to war. 90 00:07:53,284 --> 00:07:58,052 Meet the fall with the cry of liberty. 91 00:07:59,680 --> 00:08:01,758 If you didn't join up, 92 00:08:01,759 --> 00:08:03,825 you were letting everybody down. 93 00:08:05,150 --> 00:08:06,983 They made sure you knew it. 94 00:08:21,464 --> 00:08:25,814 In Germany, the news of war was intoxicating. 95 00:08:25,814 --> 00:08:27,925 ♪♪ 96 00:08:27,926 --> 00:08:30,893 There were bands playing, flags flying. 97 00:08:32,851 --> 00:08:35,602 What drove us was a feeling of adulthood... 98 00:08:35,603 --> 00:08:37,569 burning up inside. 99 00:08:38,672 --> 00:08:42,959 Half the population was under the age of 22. 100 00:08:42,960 --> 00:08:46,160 Almost all the boys applied for military service. 101 00:08:47,309 --> 00:08:49,228 13- or 14-year-olds... 102 00:08:49,229 --> 00:08:52,730 were crushed if they were rejected by the recruiting officers. 103 00:09:00,265 --> 00:09:02,498 Europe tore itself apart. 104 00:09:04,486 --> 00:09:06,820 And then the Americans came. 105 00:09:06,821 --> 00:09:09,060 More than two million soldiers, 106 00:09:09,061 --> 00:09:11,875 fully equipped and indomitable in spirit, 107 00:09:11,875 --> 00:09:16,610 were safely transported across 3,000 miles of seas, 108 00:09:16,610 --> 00:09:18,720 where they turned the tide of battle, 109 00:09:18,721 --> 00:09:20,960 one imperishable glory... 110 00:09:20,961 --> 00:09:26,592 and triumph to the greatest war that the world has ever known. 111 00:09:26,592 --> 00:09:29,826 They brought new music, dances and films. 112 00:09:31,133 --> 00:09:35,260 American culture started to spread. 113 00:09:35,261 --> 00:09:38,011 Our boys made good in France. 114 00:09:38,011 --> 00:09:41,311 The word "American" has a new meaning in Europe. 115 00:10:08,051 --> 00:10:10,351 When my brother died in the war, 116 00:10:12,145 --> 00:10:16,780 they sent us a frame that said "Died on the field of honor." 117 00:10:18,062 --> 00:10:20,362 There is no field of honor. 118 00:10:21,933 --> 00:10:24,466 An entire generation was gutted. 119 00:10:25,611 --> 00:10:28,645 We lost all loyalty and trust. 120 00:10:32,073 --> 00:10:34,540 We were shell-shocked. 121 00:10:36,135 --> 00:10:38,868 The pound of the guns drove us mad. 122 00:10:40,709 --> 00:10:43,542 Millions of young men were massacred. 123 00:10:46,370 --> 00:10:49,568 The old had sent us to die, 124 00:10:49,569 --> 00:10:51,335 and we hated them. 125 00:11:25,528 --> 00:11:30,165 After the war, everyone wanted to be born anew, 126 00:11:30,166 --> 00:11:32,065 to blot out the past. 127 00:11:34,196 --> 00:11:36,863 There was this reckless sense of release, 128 00:11:38,675 --> 00:11:42,353 and I felt a kind of wildness inside. 129 00:11:42,354 --> 00:11:44,049 What do they want? 130 00:11:44,049 --> 00:11:46,703 They say, "We want beer." 131 00:11:46,704 --> 00:11:50,702 Spending their money, debauching their character, 132 00:11:50,702 --> 00:11:53,132 rotting their bodies... 133 00:11:53,133 --> 00:11:55,133 and jeopardizing their immortal souls. 134 00:11:59,723 --> 00:12:03,562 My father says I can't go out every night. 135 00:12:03,562 --> 00:12:06,056 But what on earth does he want me to do? 136 00:12:06,057 --> 00:12:08,590 Just sit around at home all evening? 137 00:12:10,247 --> 00:12:12,773 I don't trust my parents anymore. 138 00:12:12,774 --> 00:12:14,673 I just want to be with my friends. 139 00:12:17,187 --> 00:12:19,873 Our world is speedy, 140 00:12:19,874 --> 00:12:22,107 and they're old. 141 00:12:27,167 --> 00:12:30,014 The power of today is in our hands. 142 00:12:30,014 --> 00:12:34,844 We who number ourselves among the so-called wild and wicked youth... 143 00:12:34,844 --> 00:12:38,912 would prefer to go out with drums beating and bugles blowing. 144 00:12:40,411 --> 00:12:42,970 We want to be young before we're old. 145 00:12:42,970 --> 00:12:47,320 They call us flappers, flaming youth. 146 00:12:47,321 --> 00:12:52,990 The times have made us awfully experienced for our age. 147 00:12:55,381 --> 00:12:57,779 I got all the new jazz records. 148 00:12:57,780 --> 00:13:01,586 My mum thought it was awful noise. 149 00:13:01,586 --> 00:13:03,985 She asked me why it was good, and I said, 150 00:13:03,986 --> 00:13:06,119 "Because it comes from America." 151 00:13:09,167 --> 00:13:11,086 You'd hear people say, 152 00:13:11,087 --> 00:13:14,721 "Those who get the youth get the future." 153 00:13:16,077 --> 00:13:18,859 Our parents had ruined Germany, 154 00:13:18,860 --> 00:13:21,627 and we wanted a new kind of community. 155 00:13:24,169 --> 00:13:27,336 So we joined youth groups. 156 00:13:27,336 --> 00:13:30,503 There had been youth movements even before the war. 157 00:13:30,504 --> 00:13:33,171 Workers' youth groups, Jewish youth groups, 158 00:13:35,366 --> 00:13:39,076 but the most important group was the Wandervogel... 159 00:13:39,076 --> 00:13:41,543 "Wandering Birds." 160 00:13:43,779 --> 00:13:47,489 Our teachers and our parents didn't understand us. 161 00:13:47,489 --> 00:13:50,189 So we created our own world. 162 00:13:51,136 --> 00:13:53,568 Youth were leading youth. 163 00:13:55,517 --> 00:13:57,755 We'd run through forests, 164 00:13:57,756 --> 00:14:00,315 lay together at bonfires, 165 00:14:00,315 --> 00:14:02,553 make flower wreaths and photos, 166 00:14:02,554 --> 00:14:05,048 sing and dance. 167 00:14:05,048 --> 00:14:07,830 Then drop off our clothes... 168 00:14:07,831 --> 00:14:10,231 and feel free. 169 00:14:16,020 --> 00:14:18,253 To be young was the style. 170 00:14:19,826 --> 00:14:22,033 And it was for sale. 171 00:14:22,034 --> 00:14:23,888 Records, 172 00:14:23,888 --> 00:14:26,830 cigarettes, perfume. 173 00:14:26,831 --> 00:14:30,510 And all those glamorous Hollywood stars to admire. 174 00:14:30,510 --> 00:14:32,781 I wanted to be like Valentino. 175 00:14:32,782 --> 00:14:34,860 He always got the girls. 176 00:14:34,861 --> 00:14:39,882 When he died, we rushed the funeral by the thousands. 177 00:14:39,882 --> 00:14:42,115 They called it a riot. 178 00:14:44,456 --> 00:14:47,190 I wish I could have been there. 179 00:14:56,420 --> 00:14:59,788 ♪♪ 180 00:15:21,502 --> 00:15:24,125 In Britain there was a new breed, 181 00:15:24,126 --> 00:15:26,792 and we defined ourselves by our youth. 182 00:15:29,947 --> 00:15:32,981 They called us the Bright Young People. 183 00:15:34,680 --> 00:15:38,166 It started with a few girls who liked dressing up, 184 00:15:38,167 --> 00:15:40,470 doing hoaxes and treasure hunts, 185 00:15:40,470 --> 00:15:42,536 making a fool of everyone. 186 00:15:43,380 --> 00:15:45,279 We took it all very seriously. 187 00:15:47,729 --> 00:15:49,762 Except when we didn't. 188 00:15:54,991 --> 00:15:58,358 The police were trying to shut down all of London's nightlife. 189 00:16:01,484 --> 00:16:03,550 So we created our own. 190 00:16:50,752 --> 00:16:53,818 There was this one girl who shined especially bright. 191 00:16:56,765 --> 00:16:58,631 Her name was Brenda Dean Paul. 192 00:17:08,825 --> 00:17:11,859 Brenda hit the scene in 1926. 193 00:17:12,727 --> 00:17:14,660 She was 19. 194 00:17:20,501 --> 00:17:22,834 She came from a broken home. 195 00:17:24,178 --> 00:17:26,178 Longed to be famous. 196 00:17:30,320 --> 00:17:32,366 She played many parts, but... 197 00:17:32,367 --> 00:17:37,970 the most convincing was her role as life and soul of the party. 198 00:17:41,772 --> 00:17:43,435 Pajama parties, 199 00:17:43,435 --> 00:17:45,833 Greek parties, Russian parties, 200 00:17:45,834 --> 00:17:47,720 sailor parties, American parties, 201 00:17:47,721 --> 00:17:51,322 murder parties, baby parties. 202 00:17:55,334 --> 00:17:58,068 We called them "freak" parties. 203 00:17:59,557 --> 00:18:02,591 And it didn't take long for them to become big affairs. 204 00:18:14,304 --> 00:18:18,071 Girls were like boys, and the boys like girls. 205 00:18:19,390 --> 00:18:21,823 Sometimes you couldn't even tell us apart. 206 00:18:22,811 --> 00:18:24,744 We liked it that way. 207 00:18:27,066 --> 00:18:30,400 A couple of gossip columnists wrote it all up in the papers. 208 00:18:31,160 --> 00:18:32,759 They made it into... 209 00:18:34,455 --> 00:18:36,421 a "movement." 210 00:18:47,474 --> 00:18:49,424 But for Brenda... 211 00:18:49,425 --> 00:18:52,859 once she started she couldn't stop. 212 00:18:54,511 --> 00:18:57,378 She crashed her car, and then she fell ill. 213 00:18:58,541 --> 00:19:00,574 Perhaps it was all the late nights. 214 00:19:01,483 --> 00:19:03,349 Or perhaps it was the abortion. 215 00:19:05,833 --> 00:19:07,784 Somebody gave her morphine, 216 00:19:07,785 --> 00:19:12,220 and Brenda became London's first and most notorious junkie. 217 00:19:15,654 --> 00:19:19,288 Scandal, drug busts, prison. 218 00:19:19,812 --> 00:19:22,562 Brenda became famous, 219 00:19:22,563 --> 00:19:25,230 but not in the way she had wanted. 220 00:19:29,026 --> 00:19:32,928 Did she really think she could stay young forever? 221 00:19:32,928 --> 00:19:35,395 Yes. Probably in that moment we all did. 222 00:19:37,534 --> 00:19:40,468 We were just too tired to break away. 223 00:19:41,405 --> 00:19:43,803 Eventually Brenda crashed, 224 00:19:43,803 --> 00:19:46,770 but by then nobody could really remember or care. 225 00:19:47,418 --> 00:19:49,418 We were all crashing, 226 00:19:50,424 --> 00:19:53,124 and then the whole world did too. 227 00:20:25,456 --> 00:20:27,522 Adults were in a panic. 228 00:20:29,005 --> 00:20:33,228 But we were the ones who would inherit this mess. 229 00:20:33,229 --> 00:20:36,362 Today the largest single group of the nation's unemployed... 230 00:20:36,362 --> 00:20:39,881 are young men and women between the ages of 16 and 24. 231 00:20:39,882 --> 00:20:42,153 Boys like 18-year-old Warren Harper, 232 00:20:42,153 --> 00:20:45,319 hardest hit of a generation which has grown up in depression. 233 00:20:45,320 --> 00:20:48,710 Warren himself never has had a steady job in all his life, 234 00:20:48,710 --> 00:20:50,757 never has owned an overcoat. 235 00:20:50,758 --> 00:20:53,668 When he goes out looking for work, he wears borrowed clothing. 236 00:20:53,669 --> 00:20:55,716 He gets up late and spends most of his time... 237 00:20:55,716 --> 00:20:58,466 hanging around talking with other boys who are out of work... 238 00:20:58,467 --> 00:21:02,235 and wondering what's wrong when a fella wants to work and can't. 239 00:21:09,376 --> 00:21:11,870 You couldn't even work. 240 00:21:11,871 --> 00:21:14,973 I was fired at 16. 241 00:21:14,973 --> 00:21:18,841 The governor wanted to take on an errand boy who'd do my job cheaper. 242 00:21:21,114 --> 00:21:22,777 Nothing to do with my time. 243 00:21:22,778 --> 00:21:24,544 Nothing to spend. 244 00:21:25,626 --> 00:21:27,659 Nothing to do tomorrow, nor the day after. 245 00:21:28,824 --> 00:21:31,257 I was a living corpse. 246 00:21:35,157 --> 00:21:37,724 Not only old people had grief, 247 00:21:39,379 --> 00:21:41,078 but young ones too. 248 00:21:43,218 --> 00:21:45,952 Our future looked bleak. 249 00:21:51,056 --> 00:21:53,294 Some parents were suffering so bad... 250 00:21:53,294 --> 00:21:55,174 they couldn't look after their children anymore. 251 00:21:58,604 --> 00:22:00,270 Those kids hit the road. 252 00:22:02,603 --> 00:22:05,257 They were the children's army. 253 00:22:05,257 --> 00:22:06,823 Hoboes, 254 00:22:06,824 --> 00:22:09,159 boxcar riders, 255 00:22:09,160 --> 00:22:09,791 young tramps. 256 00:22:14,373 --> 00:22:17,040 People thought there was no hope for youth. 257 00:22:18,914 --> 00:22:21,781 But we were searching for something to believe in. 258 00:22:22,722 --> 00:22:25,189 And we were willing to fight for it. 259 00:22:28,544 --> 00:22:31,745 As fast as one mob is broken up, another gathers. 260 00:22:33,278 --> 00:22:35,708 Politics was our problem too. 261 00:22:35,709 --> 00:22:38,376 We are not looking for charity. We want an opportunity to work. 262 00:22:42,905 --> 00:22:45,687 There was talk of revolution. 263 00:22:45,688 --> 00:22:47,754 And they feared us. 264 00:22:51,573 --> 00:22:53,620 There were the Communists... 265 00:22:53,621 --> 00:22:56,244 and the Nazis, 266 00:22:56,244 --> 00:22:58,343 and we took up sides. 267 00:23:01,234 --> 00:23:04,784 People would come up to you in the street and ask, 268 00:23:04,784 --> 00:23:06,316 "Who are you with?" 269 00:23:07,311 --> 00:23:09,326 If you gave them the wrong answer, 270 00:23:09,326 --> 00:23:11,059 they would attack. 271 00:23:30,696 --> 00:23:33,095 Radical change was in the air. 272 00:23:33,096 --> 00:23:35,750 5,000 fascists rally to their mobilization... 273 00:23:35,750 --> 00:23:37,732 for the much advertised march through the East End. 274 00:23:37,733 --> 00:23:39,652 Communists jammed the fascists' route, 275 00:23:39,653 --> 00:23:43,588 resisting the peaceful efforts of the outnumbered police to clear the way. 276 00:23:43,588 --> 00:23:47,256 I was there when the fascists started marching down my street. 277 00:23:48,482 --> 00:23:51,015 I wasn't gonna let my country go that way. 278 00:23:53,407 --> 00:23:55,807 We had to get involved. 279 00:23:56,894 --> 00:24:00,095 We weren't gonna be another lost generation. 280 00:24:09,594 --> 00:24:14,136 Let us carry on the good that the past has given us. 281 00:24:14,136 --> 00:24:17,719 The best of that good is the spirit of America, 282 00:24:17,720 --> 00:24:21,270 and the spirit of America is the spirit in which youth... 283 00:24:21,270 --> 00:24:25,876 can find the fulfillment of its ideals. 284 00:24:25,876 --> 00:24:30,194 It is for the new generation to participate in the decision... 285 00:24:30,195 --> 00:24:32,658 and to give strength and spirit... 286 00:24:32,658 --> 00:24:35,217 and continuity... 287 00:24:35,218 --> 00:24:39,953 to our government and to our national life. 288 00:25:45,566 --> 00:25:50,236 Melita Maschmann was a typical middle-class girl. 289 00:25:50,236 --> 00:25:54,394 Her parents complained about the unemployment and poverty, 290 00:25:54,395 --> 00:25:56,395 but they didn't do a thing. 291 00:25:58,201 --> 00:26:00,201 Melita wanted action. 292 00:26:01,656 --> 00:26:03,789 So she joined the Hitler Youth. 293 00:26:07,575 --> 00:26:10,677 My mother expected me to be unquestioning and obedient, 294 00:26:10,677 --> 00:26:12,476 like the maids. 295 00:26:13,364 --> 00:26:15,410 I rebelled. 296 00:26:15,410 --> 00:26:18,010 I wanted to be different... 297 00:26:19,218 --> 00:26:23,019 to escape from my narrow childish life. 298 00:26:28,461 --> 00:26:31,403 I was a March Violet, 299 00:26:31,404 --> 00:26:35,406 one of the many youth who joined after Hitler became chancellor. 300 00:26:45,705 --> 00:26:48,805 Every weekend we had tests and competitions. 301 00:26:50,566 --> 00:26:54,596 Swimming, sports, obstacle races. 302 00:26:54,596 --> 00:26:58,297 There were camping trips and holidays too. 303 00:27:04,193 --> 00:27:07,026 I can only recall this feeling of happiness... 304 00:27:09,246 --> 00:27:12,924 to be allowed to belong to a community... 305 00:27:12,924 --> 00:27:16,358 which embraced the whole youth of the nation. 306 00:27:29,048 --> 00:27:31,415 Millions of us joined the Hitler Youth. 307 00:27:32,950 --> 00:27:35,476 It felt like the Wandervogel, 308 00:27:35,477 --> 00:27:39,612 only now we were part of the national cause. 309 00:27:41,874 --> 00:27:44,207 Youth were leading youth. 310 00:27:48,368 --> 00:27:51,982 We were at the center of the government's plan... 311 00:27:51,982 --> 00:27:54,716 because we would shape the future. 312 00:28:01,675 --> 00:28:04,842 They wanted us to be strong. 313 00:28:04,842 --> 00:28:08,425 Hitler said his youth should be tough as leather, 314 00:28:08,426 --> 00:28:10,920 swift as greyhounds... 315 00:28:10,920 --> 00:28:13,453 and hard as Krupp steel. 316 00:28:15,398 --> 00:28:17,989 A young German... 317 00:28:17,989 --> 00:28:20,990 was the most exciting thing you could be. 318 00:28:32,033 --> 00:28:34,111 Big-city backwoodsmen. 319 00:28:34,112 --> 00:28:35,871 New York boys are getting back to nature... 320 00:28:35,871 --> 00:28:38,365 in the citizens conservation camp at Yellowstone Park. 321 00:28:38,366 --> 00:28:40,413 That's pretty. 322 00:28:40,414 --> 00:28:43,740 An important part of the national recovery program are these camps, 323 00:28:43,740 --> 00:28:45,755 one of the president's pet projects. 324 00:28:45,756 --> 00:28:48,571 They're a great thing for city boys. 325 00:28:48,571 --> 00:28:52,281 Roosevelt created the Civilian Conservation Corps... 326 00:28:52,282 --> 00:28:55,249 and other programs that put youth to work. 327 00:28:57,400 --> 00:29:00,567 It was job training, but we were getting paid. 328 00:29:02,806 --> 00:29:05,273 Maybe our protests were heard. 329 00:29:13,682 --> 00:29:15,664 On a bank of the Avon, 330 00:29:15,665 --> 00:29:18,191 you will find the men of the first Grith Fyrd, 331 00:29:18,192 --> 00:29:20,111 or Peace Army camp, 332 00:29:20,111 --> 00:29:23,085 where young men of all classes can develop themselves... 333 00:29:23,086 --> 00:29:25,805 both physically and mentally. 334 00:29:25,806 --> 00:29:27,505 We had labor camps. 335 00:29:29,003 --> 00:29:32,489 Instructional Centers is what they were called. 336 00:29:32,489 --> 00:29:34,889 They gave us something worthwhile to do. 337 00:29:43,302 --> 00:29:45,468 The government was taking us seriously. 338 00:29:46,563 --> 00:29:48,930 It gave us a real boost. 339 00:29:50,466 --> 00:29:53,600 Young people were part of the solution. 340 00:29:53,600 --> 00:29:55,066 We were prospering. 341 00:29:57,183 --> 00:29:59,883 And we were going to change the world. 342 00:30:02,685 --> 00:30:05,884 ♪ Happy days are here again ♪ 343 00:30:05,884 --> 00:30:09,530 ♪ The skies above are clear again ♪ 344 00:30:09,531 --> 00:30:13,210 ♪ Let us sing a song of cheer again ♪ 345 00:30:13,210 --> 00:30:17,078 ♪ Happy days are here again ♪♪ 346 00:30:18,647 --> 00:30:21,748 ♪♪ 347 00:30:42,865 --> 00:30:46,511 Let me tell you in plain American English. 348 00:30:46,512 --> 00:30:48,143 I'm a jitterbug, 349 00:30:48,144 --> 00:30:50,711 and I'm crazy about swing. 350 00:30:52,910 --> 00:30:56,364 For years we oompahed to sticky fox-trots. 351 00:30:56,364 --> 00:31:00,234 And then came swing with its solid rhythm. 352 00:31:00,235 --> 00:31:02,378 ♪♪ 353 00:31:02,378 --> 00:31:05,640 Negro bands playing hot, 354 00:31:05,641 --> 00:31:07,407 but with the power of a big orchestra. 355 00:31:09,063 --> 00:31:11,942 It was free, beautiful music, 356 00:31:11,943 --> 00:31:15,577 and it let us cut loose and act like normal kids for a change. 357 00:31:18,340 --> 00:31:22,275 Every day into music shops from coast to coast... 358 00:31:22,275 --> 00:31:24,257 go more and more customers, 359 00:31:24,258 --> 00:31:26,336 all for the same thing... 360 00:31:26,337 --> 00:31:28,288 the latest in swing music. 361 00:31:28,288 --> 00:31:30,846 Swing! Swing! 362 00:31:30,847 --> 00:31:33,662 It's the rhythm, rhythm, rhythm that gets 'em. 363 00:31:33,663 --> 00:31:35,613 The hot-cha-cha, 364 00:31:35,613 --> 00:31:38,716 the boogie-woogie, the vicey versa, the nuts and bats. 365 00:31:38,717 --> 00:31:41,851 It's movement, movement, rhythm, rhythm and all that. 366 00:31:47,545 --> 00:31:50,445 Ever since the crash, life's been so grim. 367 00:31:52,088 --> 00:31:55,122 Jitterbugs were changing the mood. 368 00:31:57,462 --> 00:32:00,062 We were the new flaming youth. 369 00:32:04,756 --> 00:32:07,623 When Benny Goodman played New York, it was madness. 370 00:32:11,186 --> 00:32:14,053 There was a whole youth craze catching on. 371 00:32:15,728 --> 00:32:17,761 Adults weren't ready to integrate, 372 00:32:18,702 --> 00:32:20,668 but jitterbugs were. 373 00:32:22,124 --> 00:32:24,858 White kids took their cues from us Negroes. 374 00:32:25,899 --> 00:32:29,600 Where we couldn't go, our songs would. 375 00:32:34,184 --> 00:32:38,252 Our music made the feet of the world dance. 376 00:32:47,940 --> 00:32:51,440 Swing broke out to the mass audience. 377 00:32:53,249 --> 00:32:55,359 If you didn't live in the city, 378 00:32:55,360 --> 00:32:57,215 then you could hear it on the radio. 379 00:32:57,215 --> 00:32:59,037 And so the Camel Caravan... 380 00:32:59,038 --> 00:33:02,236 Shows like Camel Caravan and Let's Dance. 381 00:33:02,237 --> 00:33:07,579 You could live the dream without ever having to leave your bedroom. 382 00:33:07,579 --> 00:33:10,873 I hereby dedicate... 383 00:33:10,873 --> 00:33:16,443 the World's Fair of 1939. 384 00:33:19,735 --> 00:33:22,165 When they had the World's Fair, 385 00:33:22,166 --> 00:33:24,277 it was about the future, 386 00:33:24,277 --> 00:33:27,243 and jitterbugs were at the center of it all. 387 00:33:29,043 --> 00:33:31,922 I heard them talking about us on the radio. 388 00:33:31,922 --> 00:33:33,904 They said, 389 00:33:33,905 --> 00:33:36,719 "Once you've glimpsed the world of tomorrow, 390 00:33:36,719 --> 00:33:38,862 you can never look back. 391 00:33:38,863 --> 00:33:41,645 You may enter it a girl of today. 392 00:33:41,646 --> 00:33:44,940 You'll come out a girl of tomorrow." 393 00:33:44,940 --> 00:33:47,242 I want to tell you, I have never seen... 394 00:33:47,243 --> 00:33:50,186 such a spectacle as this in all my life. 395 00:33:50,186 --> 00:33:53,820 Swing was the voice of youth, the sound of freedom. 396 00:33:55,175 --> 00:33:56,997 It was real. 397 00:33:56,998 --> 00:33:58,724 It was alive. 398 00:33:58,725 --> 00:34:00,707 Enthusiastic young jitterbugs... 399 00:34:00,708 --> 00:34:03,975 young Americans living for the world of tomorrow. 400 00:34:44,218 --> 00:34:46,584 When the Hitler Youth started, 401 00:34:46,584 --> 00:34:48,416 it was an inspiring cause. 402 00:34:51,319 --> 00:34:54,486 But now it was the establishment. 403 00:34:56,117 --> 00:34:58,650 Membership was compulsory. 404 00:35:02,290 --> 00:35:06,025 Slowly, you lost yourself. 405 00:35:08,144 --> 00:35:12,494 It was the denial and the degradation of the individual... 406 00:35:12,494 --> 00:35:14,794 into the mass. 407 00:35:30,823 --> 00:35:33,509 If you didn't like it, 408 00:35:33,510 --> 00:35:35,710 there was no escape. 409 00:35:43,268 --> 00:35:45,134 At 16 and 17, 410 00:35:46,850 --> 00:35:49,316 you crawled inside yourself. 411 00:35:51,967 --> 00:35:53,666 Psychologically... 412 00:35:55,998 --> 00:35:57,998 you were armed. 413 00:36:06,235 --> 00:36:11,129 Germany has invaded Poland and has bombed many towns. 414 00:36:11,129 --> 00:36:14,363 General mobilization has been ordered in Britain and France. 415 00:36:19,766 --> 00:36:23,433 Melita had quickly climbed the ranks of the Hitler Youth. 416 00:36:25,715 --> 00:36:31,185 Once the war started, she left home to serve as a youth press officer. 417 00:36:34,033 --> 00:36:36,335 Melita was the ideal youth leader... 418 00:36:36,335 --> 00:36:39,918 rigorous, hardworking, 419 00:36:39,919 --> 00:36:42,786 and she believed in Germany's superior moral position. 420 00:36:48,363 --> 00:36:50,857 She quickly lost her Jewish friends, 421 00:36:50,858 --> 00:36:54,125 but sacrifices had to be made. 422 00:36:58,855 --> 00:37:01,989 You had only two choices... 423 00:37:01,989 --> 00:37:06,023 have Jewish friends or be a National Socialist. 424 00:37:09,345 --> 00:37:12,896 When I had to pass along the ghetto street, 425 00:37:12,897 --> 00:37:17,833 the wretchedness of the children brought a lump into my throat. 426 00:37:20,862 --> 00:37:22,781 But gradually, 427 00:37:22,782 --> 00:37:26,216 I learned to switch off my private feelings. 428 00:37:31,739 --> 00:37:35,385 Everything that I was or had been... 429 00:37:35,385 --> 00:37:38,886 was now absorbed into the whole. 430 00:38:05,071 --> 00:38:07,738 Not everyone was willing to comply. 431 00:38:10,861 --> 00:38:12,827 There were the Hamburg Swings. 432 00:38:14,252 --> 00:38:17,853 They were obsessed with American music and British fashion. 433 00:38:19,850 --> 00:38:22,550 It didn't matter if it was against Nazi law. 434 00:38:25,799 --> 00:38:27,365 They had no manifesto. 435 00:38:29,351 --> 00:38:34,320 Still, their mere presence was a threat to the regime. 436 00:38:42,658 --> 00:38:45,992 Tommie Scheel fell in love with swing. 437 00:38:51,583 --> 00:38:55,197 It all started when a friend of his came back from New York... 438 00:38:55,198 --> 00:38:57,131 with all the latest records. 439 00:38:58,876 --> 00:39:01,977 Tommie heard something in swing he liked. 440 00:39:02,842 --> 00:39:05,113 It was a new youth language, 441 00:39:05,114 --> 00:39:07,547 and Nazis weren't allowed. 442 00:39:10,295 --> 00:39:13,654 Once the war started, if you weren't in uniform, 443 00:39:13,655 --> 00:39:17,189 everyone knew what you believed in or what you didn't. 444 00:39:19,188 --> 00:39:21,938 Tommie wore British suits. 445 00:39:21,938 --> 00:39:24,872 He wouldn't put on the Hitler Youth uniform. 446 00:39:26,737 --> 00:39:30,805 It was important not to look like faithful German younglings. 447 00:39:46,443 --> 00:39:48,943 The Nazis hated swing. 448 00:39:50,121 --> 00:39:53,154 They banned all art and social dancing. 449 00:39:54,854 --> 00:39:57,754 Boys and girls were forbidden to mix. 450 00:40:02,243 --> 00:40:04,810 Swing shows were raided by police. 451 00:40:06,176 --> 00:40:09,087 When one Hamburg Swing was arrested, they told him, 452 00:40:09,088 --> 00:40:12,415 "Anything that begins with Duke Ellington... 453 00:40:12,416 --> 00:40:15,116 ends with an assassination attempt on Hitler." 454 00:40:19,516 --> 00:40:23,084 So Tommie and his friends met at his parents' house... 455 00:40:24,923 --> 00:40:27,356 where nobody could see them dance. 456 00:40:51,155 --> 00:40:54,161 Once, for fun, 457 00:40:54,162 --> 00:40:56,912 they dressed up like American gangsters... 458 00:40:56,913 --> 00:40:59,580 and pretended to rob a friend's villa. 459 00:41:01,455 --> 00:41:03,421 Of course they took pictures. 460 00:41:04,781 --> 00:41:06,747 It was their art. 461 00:41:13,482 --> 00:41:15,782 Once the Gestapo got ahold of the pictures, 462 00:41:17,736 --> 00:41:20,069 they wished they'd never done it. 463 00:41:25,092 --> 00:41:28,459 Robbery charges were brought against them. 464 00:41:29,889 --> 00:41:32,556 Police reports called them criminals. 465 00:41:33,504 --> 00:41:35,838 It said they were race defilers, 466 00:41:35,838 --> 00:41:37,437 they fornicated, 467 00:41:39,101 --> 00:41:41,433 they were homosexuals and robbers. 468 00:41:43,610 --> 00:41:46,904 It wasn't just kids having fun. 469 00:41:46,905 --> 00:41:49,472 They were a direct threat to the nation. 470 00:42:00,246 --> 00:42:03,980 When they arrested Tommie, they beat him. 471 00:42:05,555 --> 00:42:08,113 He was shipped to a political prison, 472 00:42:08,113 --> 00:42:10,246 much like a concentration camp. 473 00:42:12,112 --> 00:42:14,638 He survived, 474 00:42:14,638 --> 00:42:18,206 eventually finding his way to his beloved America. 475 00:42:21,676 --> 00:42:23,776 But most of his friends did not. 476 00:42:54,660 --> 00:42:59,074 A date which will live in infamy. 477 00:42:59,074 --> 00:43:01,985 Following yesterday's shattering and unprovoked attacks, 478 00:43:01,986 --> 00:43:04,992 the United States formally declared war on the empire of Japan. 479 00:43:04,993 --> 00:43:06,944 Today the nation is stirring... 480 00:43:06,944 --> 00:43:09,374 as it slowly realizes the immense extent... 481 00:43:09,375 --> 00:43:11,677 of the enterprise on which it has embarked. 482 00:43:11,677 --> 00:43:13,884 More than 16 million young Americans, 483 00:43:13,885 --> 00:43:17,308 in answer to the highest obligation of their citizenship, 484 00:43:17,309 --> 00:43:20,859 place themselves at the disposal of their country. 485 00:43:20,859 --> 00:43:23,769 I will obey the orders of the president of the United States... 486 00:43:23,770 --> 00:43:27,768 The government was asking us to defend freedom, 487 00:43:27,768 --> 00:43:29,901 and we answered the call. 488 00:43:32,726 --> 00:43:36,427 We thought democracy was something worth fighting for. 489 00:43:41,138 --> 00:43:43,281 The Americans were coming. 490 00:43:43,282 --> 00:43:46,000 It was world war all over again. 491 00:43:46,000 --> 00:43:48,399 The youth of Britain certainly means to play its part... 492 00:43:48,400 --> 00:43:50,063 in shaping the future. 493 00:43:50,063 --> 00:43:53,453 The authorities know how keen all these boys of 17 are... 494 00:43:53,454 --> 00:43:55,520 a sign of the times. 495 00:43:57,675 --> 00:43:59,775 We'd been at war for two years now. 496 00:44:10,087 --> 00:44:11,953 I lived in London during the Blitz. 497 00:44:14,278 --> 00:44:17,279 I slept in the Underground while the bombs dropped, 498 00:44:21,508 --> 00:44:23,975 then came up to see the buildings crumbling. 499 00:44:32,545 --> 00:44:35,212 I was excited when the G.I.s arrived from America. 500 00:44:37,182 --> 00:44:40,893 They brought all the swing music I'd been listening to and made it live. 501 00:44:40,894 --> 00:44:43,548 Who wants to listen to some sentimental ballad... 502 00:44:43,548 --> 00:44:46,108 when you're young and you can dance the "A" Train with the Yanks? 503 00:44:47,546 --> 00:44:50,457 The G.I.s looked so sharp, 504 00:44:50,457 --> 00:44:55,259 like we were in black and white and here they came, in color. 505 00:44:57,462 --> 00:44:59,444 When you think of entertainment, 506 00:44:59,445 --> 00:45:02,676 you must somehow think of Piccadilly, the hub of entertainment. 507 00:45:02,676 --> 00:45:05,586 In Shaftesbury Avenue, less than a hundred yards from the circus, 508 00:45:05,587 --> 00:45:09,490 is Rainbow Corner, famous American entertainment headquarters. 509 00:45:09,490 --> 00:45:11,632 Ices and lasses, and what more could you want? 510 00:45:11,633 --> 00:45:13,766 Unless it's more lasses than ices. 511 00:45:16,110 --> 00:45:19,405 Rainbow Corner was open all day and all night. 512 00:45:19,406 --> 00:45:21,260 But sometimes they had to close it... 513 00:45:21,260 --> 00:45:23,793 because there were so many of us on the street outside. 514 00:45:26,633 --> 00:45:29,640 For a night, I could forget about the war. 515 00:45:29,641 --> 00:45:31,623 And are they enjoying it. 516 00:45:31,624 --> 00:45:35,526 Such an occasion as this, small though it may be in itself, 517 00:45:35,526 --> 00:45:37,381 it's just another happy indication... 518 00:45:37,382 --> 00:45:40,036 of the friendly relationship and happy understanding... 519 00:45:40,036 --> 00:45:43,670 that exist between ourselves and our cousins across the Atlantic. 520 00:46:12,059 --> 00:46:14,858 In Europe they were treating us like equals. 521 00:46:17,432 --> 00:46:19,598 But back home was a different story. 522 00:46:21,846 --> 00:46:23,946 We were the enemy. 523 00:46:29,459 --> 00:46:33,394 Warren Wall was 16 when the war started, 524 00:46:33,394 --> 00:46:35,927 the eldest of seven brothers and sisters. 525 00:46:37,007 --> 00:46:39,774 He hoped to become an electrical engineer. 526 00:46:46,764 --> 00:46:49,865 Sometimes I feel so alone. 527 00:46:54,058 --> 00:46:55,957 I don't wanna run with the gangs. 528 00:46:58,727 --> 00:47:00,093 I wanna work... 529 00:47:01,223 --> 00:47:02,889 and gain respect. 530 00:47:04,453 --> 00:47:06,886 But most of my friends don't see it that way. 531 00:47:08,291 --> 00:47:11,892 They tell me, why try to fit into a white man's world? 532 00:47:16,352 --> 00:47:22,055 I don't believe I or any Negro can help but feel inferior. 533 00:47:31,611 --> 00:47:34,878 Scouting's one program where I'm nearly an equal. 534 00:47:36,632 --> 00:47:40,533 I can compete with white boys and get the same recognition. 535 00:47:42,134 --> 00:47:45,434 I'd like to be the first Negro Eagle Scout in the city. 536 00:47:47,603 --> 00:47:49,903 But somehow I'm stuck. 537 00:47:51,474 --> 00:47:55,476 I don't know whether it's me or the Scout leadership. 538 00:48:04,367 --> 00:48:07,233 I've always wanted to be an athlete. 539 00:48:10,092 --> 00:48:12,843 And I know you can't give up all your strength on girls... 540 00:48:12,843 --> 00:48:15,243 and expect to give your best in athletic games. 541 00:48:17,641 --> 00:48:19,336 But when I was 14, 542 00:48:19,336 --> 00:48:22,438 I had sex for the first time with a girl, 543 00:48:22,439 --> 00:48:24,705 and I thought I was hot stuff. 544 00:48:26,084 --> 00:48:28,451 I'll never forget the experience... 545 00:48:29,860 --> 00:48:33,410 because for weeks I was darn near eaten up. 546 00:48:33,410 --> 00:48:37,278 I had to go to my father, and he just laughed. 547 00:49:07,801 --> 00:49:10,231 I've seen lots of people... 548 00:49:10,231 --> 00:49:13,142 whose actions make me dislike them, 549 00:49:13,143 --> 00:49:15,175 even despise them. 550 00:49:18,387 --> 00:49:23,313 But my father says we should be fighting for our rights, 551 00:49:23,313 --> 00:49:25,046 not picking fights. 552 00:49:31,535 --> 00:49:35,693 But at times, I've just itched to take a crack at a white guy... 553 00:49:35,693 --> 00:49:38,527 just to see if he can take it like he can dish it. 554 00:49:40,588 --> 00:49:46,325 When I get disrespected, I get so angry I could explode. 555 00:49:53,639 --> 00:49:57,350 I want to appeal to all the people of Harlem... 556 00:49:57,350 --> 00:50:00,325 for your complete cooperation... 557 00:50:00,326 --> 00:50:04,067 in order to bring to a speedy end... 558 00:50:04,067 --> 00:50:07,713 this most unfortunate condition... 559 00:50:07,713 --> 00:50:13,184 which was brought about by a few rowdies and hoodlums. 560 00:50:13,185 --> 00:50:14,911 And during the past 10 days, 561 00:50:14,911 --> 00:50:17,022 the zoot-suit warfare here in Los Angeles. 562 00:50:17,023 --> 00:50:21,502 Mobs attacked and roughed up harmless citizens of Mexican descent. 563 00:50:21,502 --> 00:50:25,244 Cars were stopped, the occupants pulled out, doors ripped from the cars. 564 00:50:25,245 --> 00:50:28,579 That's what happens when the mob starts to take things into its own hands. 565 00:50:33,082 --> 00:50:36,665 Why would young people fight for democracy... 566 00:50:36,665 --> 00:50:41,048 if we're just gonna be treated like second-class citizens? 567 00:50:41,048 --> 00:50:43,606 Aside from the physical evidences of the war, 568 00:50:43,607 --> 00:50:48,117 the psychological impact of the war is of extreme importance... 569 00:50:48,117 --> 00:50:51,818 in consideration of the conduct of the children at this time. 570 00:50:53,235 --> 00:50:55,249 The lid had blown off, 571 00:50:55,250 --> 00:50:58,584 and all our anger poured out. 572 00:51:00,656 --> 00:51:03,919 And they searched for a reason why. 573 00:51:03,920 --> 00:51:05,870 Have you ever had any obsessions? 574 00:51:05,870 --> 00:51:08,812 Ideas that drive you to do something? 575 00:51:08,813 --> 00:51:11,403 Well, yeah, I guess so. 576 00:51:11,404 --> 00:51:13,483 I remember when I was a kid I used to have spells... 577 00:51:13,483 --> 00:51:17,084 where I was afraid to touch a knife for fear I'd cut my throat. 578 00:51:21,320 --> 00:51:23,271 Upon America's youth, 579 00:51:23,272 --> 00:51:25,158 the excitement and emotional tension of war... 580 00:51:25,158 --> 00:51:27,684 is today exerting an influence... 581 00:51:27,685 --> 00:51:30,723 which psychiatrists fear may be felt for years to come. 582 00:51:30,724 --> 00:51:35,874 And the conversion to all-out war effort of American industry and the American community... 583 00:51:35,874 --> 00:51:38,753 has confronted many young people, like their elders, 584 00:51:38,753 --> 00:51:42,154 with a profound and unsettling change in their manner of living. 585 00:51:45,983 --> 00:51:47,849 The depression was long gone. 586 00:51:49,245 --> 00:51:51,739 Millions of people were on the move, 587 00:51:51,739 --> 00:51:53,672 just going where the work was. 588 00:51:57,753 --> 00:52:00,279 Dad's working again all hours. 589 00:52:00,280 --> 00:52:02,295 Mom too. 590 00:52:02,296 --> 00:52:04,629 So I'm at home alone a lot. 591 00:52:05,974 --> 00:52:07,907 It gets a little lonely. 592 00:52:11,315 --> 00:52:14,161 Freed from parental authority, 593 00:52:14,162 --> 00:52:17,712 youngsters are venturing into new and unwholesome worlds. 594 00:52:17,712 --> 00:52:21,775 Experiments with new sensations, such as the smoking of marijuana, 595 00:52:21,776 --> 00:52:25,811 are tempting more and more teenage youngsters along dangerous paths. 596 00:52:28,461 --> 00:52:30,507 To many adolescent girls, 597 00:52:30,508 --> 00:52:32,842 even those in their earliest teens, 598 00:52:32,843 --> 00:52:36,077 war is opening up avenues of unaccustomed excitement. 599 00:52:37,225 --> 00:52:40,519 To them any man in uniform seems a hero. 600 00:52:40,520 --> 00:52:43,687 And in towns crowded with footloose soldiers or sailors, 601 00:52:43,687 --> 00:52:47,780 it is easy for them to get passing attention they could not normally expect. 602 00:52:47,780 --> 00:52:50,531 Do you realize what time it is? 603 00:52:50,532 --> 00:52:53,165 Oh, Mother, don't be such an old fuddy-duddy. 604 00:53:04,606 --> 00:53:06,005 No! 605 00:53:09,499 --> 00:53:14,426 Is it wise for a girl of your age to go steady with just one boy, June? 606 00:53:14,426 --> 00:53:18,520 Well, Miss Norton, I don't think a girl should confine her dating schedule to just one boy. 607 00:53:18,521 --> 00:53:21,751 She needs the companionship of all of them. 608 00:53:21,751 --> 00:53:24,918 ♪ There's a girl named Kate, and she thinks she's really great ♪ 609 00:53:24,919 --> 00:53:26,652 ♪ But she's not ♪ 610 00:53:29,558 --> 00:53:33,693 ♪ All the boys stare at the girl with blonde hair It's not fair ♪ 611 00:53:36,563 --> 00:53:39,026 They called us Victory Girls. 612 00:53:39,026 --> 00:53:40,625 Khaki Whaki young women. 613 00:53:41,328 --> 00:53:42,894 Juvenile delinquents. 614 00:53:42,895 --> 00:53:44,494 Are you pregnant? 615 00:53:45,261 --> 00:53:47,361 Yes! Yes, I am! 616 00:53:53,610 --> 00:53:57,193 Johnny and 200,000 other youngsters who are arrested each year... 617 00:53:57,194 --> 00:53:59,627 are America's number one crime problem. 618 00:54:00,711 --> 00:54:03,174 Now what will become of this boy? 619 00:54:03,175 --> 00:54:06,309 Will he be fingerprinted, photographed, 620 00:54:06,309 --> 00:54:10,595 given a permanent criminal record at 15? 621 00:54:10,596 --> 00:54:12,963 Will he grow up in reformatories and prisons... 622 00:54:12,963 --> 00:54:15,730 to become a bitter and seasoned criminal? 623 00:54:16,834 --> 00:54:18,720 Can't something be done... 624 00:54:18,720 --> 00:54:22,750 to help these twisted young lives and set them straight? 625 00:54:22,751 --> 00:54:25,718 Golly, what do you suppose is going to happen to us now? 626 00:54:34,235 --> 00:54:37,466 To keep youngsters away from dives and drinking places, 627 00:54:37,466 --> 00:54:39,577 there is the dry nightclub, 628 00:54:39,578 --> 00:54:43,352 organized and operated by the local young people themselves. 629 00:54:43,352 --> 00:54:46,167 Where they exist, experience has shown... 630 00:54:46,168 --> 00:54:51,126 that most youngsters prefer these clubs to more dubious hangouts. 631 00:54:51,126 --> 00:54:54,324 We had a right to a place of our own. 632 00:54:54,325 --> 00:54:59,927 And adults started to realize that maybe some freedom might make us behave. 633 00:55:01,777 --> 00:55:04,544 So we started our own social clubs. 634 00:55:05,679 --> 00:55:08,398 They were called teen canteens. 635 00:55:08,399 --> 00:55:10,637 - This is fun, isn't it? - Yeah! 636 00:55:10,637 --> 00:55:13,452 You're sure you like to do things like this? Sure. 637 00:55:13,453 --> 00:55:17,323 I thought all girls wanted fellas to take them to fancy places... 638 00:55:17,323 --> 00:55:20,778 and spend lots of money. Not this girl. 639 00:55:20,779 --> 00:55:23,849 We called the clubs The Jive Hive, 640 00:55:23,849 --> 00:55:27,048 The Buzz Bucket, The Swing Haven, Hepcat Hall, 641 00:55:27,049 --> 00:55:29,607 Rhythm Rocker, Boogie and The Strut Hut. 642 00:55:29,607 --> 00:55:31,558 Hear the names? 643 00:55:31,559 --> 00:55:34,533 Proves that they're really ours. 644 00:55:34,533 --> 00:55:37,315 The canteen has its own laws about closing, 645 00:55:37,316 --> 00:55:39,427 and the members obey them. 646 00:55:39,428 --> 00:55:43,330 Some people may question our behavior when we keep the canteen open until 11:00. 647 00:55:43,330 --> 00:55:47,201 Nobody has to stay here till 11:00 just because the canteen is still open. 648 00:55:47,201 --> 00:55:50,399 There's no law that says you have to stay or you have to go. 649 00:55:50,400 --> 00:55:53,950 I have heard people talking about your late hours here. 650 00:55:53,950 --> 00:55:56,764 You'd better realize that the town could pass a law. 651 00:55:56,765 --> 00:56:01,500 You see, whatever the community decides is best for itself... 652 00:56:01,500 --> 00:56:03,355 usually becomes law. 653 00:56:03,356 --> 00:56:06,874 The community? Well, aren't we part of the community? 654 00:56:06,874 --> 00:56:08,408 Well, of course you are, Jack. 655 00:56:08,409 --> 00:56:10,648 Don't you think it would be better... 656 00:56:10,649 --> 00:56:14,583 if the canteen were to pass its own law to close weeknights at 10:30? 657 00:56:14,583 --> 00:56:18,646 And so Jack is learning about social controls. 658 00:56:18,647 --> 00:56:22,773 Social controls, moral code and law... 659 00:56:22,773 --> 00:56:26,674 have always played a part in the activities of the teen canteen. 660 00:56:30,195 --> 00:56:31,953 These leaders... 661 00:56:31,953 --> 00:56:34,576 the Hitlers and the Goebbels and the Görings... 662 00:56:34,577 --> 00:56:37,424 and, uh, so forth... 663 00:56:37,425 --> 00:56:40,943 have built up, uh... I don't know... 664 00:56:40,943 --> 00:56:44,141 some sort of a demi-godliness about them. 665 00:56:44,142 --> 00:56:47,981 The youth of Germany... they have likes and dislikes, 666 00:56:47,981 --> 00:56:50,147 and they want freedom just as much as other people do. 667 00:57:03,496 --> 00:57:04,928 The tide turned... 668 00:57:06,694 --> 00:57:09,261 and bombs rained from the sky. 669 00:57:13,635 --> 00:57:16,353 There were sirens every night... 670 00:57:16,354 --> 00:57:19,120 and several terrible attacks. 671 00:57:22,015 --> 00:57:24,748 We wanted to run away from this misery. 672 00:57:26,941 --> 00:57:30,876 It didn't matter where to, just away. 673 00:57:52,694 --> 00:57:54,580 Still, 674 00:57:54,581 --> 00:57:57,381 there were some who resisted Hitler's will. 675 00:57:58,387 --> 00:58:00,177 For years, 676 00:58:00,178 --> 00:58:03,512 underground gangs like the Edelweiss Pirates escaped into nature... 677 00:58:05,232 --> 00:58:07,465 far away from the regime. 678 00:58:11,246 --> 00:58:14,847 They declared eternal war on the Hitler Youth. 679 00:58:17,003 --> 00:58:18,698 In Cologne, 680 00:58:18,699 --> 00:58:22,026 they started a campaign of anti-Hitler graffiti, 681 00:58:22,026 --> 00:58:25,000 vandalism and sabotage. 682 00:58:25,001 --> 00:58:29,102 In just one month 600 of them were arrested. 683 00:58:31,974 --> 00:58:35,275 The Gestapo made an example of them. 684 00:58:41,602 --> 00:58:45,303 Kids of 13 or 14 were sent to the front. 685 00:58:49,216 --> 00:58:52,049 The old had sent us to die, 686 00:58:54,237 --> 00:58:56,403 and there was no turning back. 687 00:59:22,486 --> 00:59:25,886 My parents died in a night bombing attack by the British. 688 00:59:27,987 --> 00:59:32,322 The sight of smoking ruins became a daily occurrence. 689 00:59:39,342 --> 00:59:42,775 I believed that I would not outlive the Third Reich. 690 00:59:45,130 --> 00:59:48,424 If it was condemned to go under, 691 00:59:48,425 --> 00:59:50,024 then so was I. 692 00:59:53,863 --> 00:59:57,764 I was no longer able to suppress the realization... 693 00:59:59,557 --> 01:00:04,226 that all the sacrifices had been in vain. 694 01:00:15,936 --> 01:00:16,436 ♪♪ 695 01:00:20,542 --> 01:00:24,220 ♪ Fifteen thousand times a day ♪ 696 01:00:24,220 --> 01:00:29,114 ♪ I hear a voice within me say ♪ 697 01:00:29,114 --> 01:00:31,704 ♪ "Hide yourself behind a screen ♪ 698 01:00:31,705 --> 01:00:34,039 ♪ You shouldn't be heard You shouldn't be seen ♪ 699 01:00:34,040 --> 01:00:39,276 ♪ You're just an awful in-between" ♪ 700 01:00:43,445 --> 01:00:48,722 ♪ I'm past the stage of doll and carriage ♪ 701 01:00:48,722 --> 01:00:51,345 ♪ And not the age ♪ 702 01:00:51,346 --> 01:00:53,809 ♪ To think of marriage ♪ 703 01:00:53,810 --> 01:00:58,320 ♪ I'm too old for toys, and I'm too young for boys ♪ 704 01:00:58,320 --> 01:01:02,321 ♪ I'm just an in-between ♪ 705 01:01:03,373 --> 01:01:05,484 ♪ I'm not a child ♪ 706 01:01:05,485 --> 01:01:07,915 ♪ All children bore me ♪ 707 01:01:07,915 --> 01:01:10,217 ♪ I'm not grown up ♪ 708 01:01:10,218 --> 01:01:12,456 ♪ Grown-ups ignore me ♪ 709 01:01:12,457 --> 01:01:17,735 ♪ And in every sense I'm just on a fence ♪ 710 01:01:17,735 --> 01:01:22,036 ♪ I'm just an in-between ♪♪ 711 01:01:24,707 --> 01:01:26,626 There's nothing worse than a dope... 712 01:01:26,626 --> 01:01:29,025 who tries to look old or sophisticated, 713 01:01:29,026 --> 01:01:32,192 so all the makeup we use is just powder and lipstick. 714 01:01:32,193 --> 01:01:34,112 But we're fussy about lipstick. 715 01:01:34,112 --> 01:01:36,479 The right shade can make or break. 716 01:01:45,245 --> 01:01:47,675 Of course clothes are awfully important. 717 01:01:47,676 --> 01:01:50,907 If a girl doesn't dress right, the way everyone else is dressing, 718 01:01:50,908 --> 01:01:52,506 well, she's just out. 719 01:01:52,506 --> 01:01:55,192 She might as well be dead. 720 01:01:55,193 --> 01:01:57,336 I don't mean she needs a lot of clothes, 721 01:01:57,337 --> 01:02:00,503 and they don't have to be expensive, but they have to be right, 722 01:02:00,503 --> 01:02:03,670 or she just labels herself a crumb for life. 723 01:02:05,749 --> 01:02:07,156 What's this? 724 01:02:07,157 --> 01:02:08,979 What's what? 725 01:02:08,980 --> 01:02:12,314 Well, Jen, you're not going to Emily's party in those clothes, are you? 726 01:02:13,553 --> 01:02:15,760 Oh, Mother, it's only a hen party. 727 01:02:15,761 --> 01:02:18,191 Do you want them to think I'm different or something? 728 01:02:18,191 --> 01:02:19,854 Oh, all right. 729 01:02:19,855 --> 01:02:21,485 Bye. 730 01:02:21,486 --> 01:02:23,118 Be home early. 731 01:02:27,467 --> 01:02:31,902 Before Pearl Harbor, I was playing with paper dolls. 732 01:02:33,192 --> 01:02:35,878 After Pearl Harbor, 733 01:02:35,879 --> 01:02:38,612 I never played with dolls again. 734 01:02:41,509 --> 01:02:44,227 I'm part of the war effort now. 735 01:02:44,227 --> 01:02:46,370 Workers for victory. 736 01:02:46,371 --> 01:02:50,401 The National Youth Administration schooling in skilled mechanical trades, 737 01:02:50,401 --> 01:02:52,096 and you earn while you learn. 738 01:02:52,097 --> 01:02:55,839 And note the nifty new costumes too: Blue jeans. 739 01:02:55,839 --> 01:02:58,109 So here's your chance to take a slap at a Jap. 740 01:02:58,110 --> 01:03:00,510 The army of industry needs you. 741 01:03:08,667 --> 01:03:10,532 I'm earning my own money. 742 01:03:13,273 --> 01:03:15,372 I'm not a little kid anymore. 743 01:03:18,742 --> 01:03:22,677 And I want to be treated like an equal. 744 01:03:24,020 --> 01:03:26,771 I suppose you're going out again tonight. 745 01:03:26,772 --> 01:03:28,658 Yeah. So what? 746 01:03:28,658 --> 01:03:31,696 Jimmy, you have no business staying out half the night... 747 01:03:31,697 --> 01:03:34,064 and coming home all liquored up. 748 01:03:34,064 --> 01:03:37,518 Look, I'm getting sick and tired of being treated like a kid. 749 01:03:37,519 --> 01:03:39,790 I'm making as much money as you are, 750 01:03:39,791 --> 01:03:42,090 and I have a right to have a little fun. 751 01:03:57,224 --> 01:03:59,175 All the big businesses... 752 01:03:59,176 --> 01:04:01,382 were starting to understand how important we were. 753 01:04:01,382 --> 01:04:05,317 We are endeavoring to evaluate your group's social habits. 754 01:04:05,318 --> 01:04:07,751 Could you tell us in your own words? 755 01:04:08,867 --> 01:04:11,010 I can walk into a store... 756 01:04:11,011 --> 01:04:14,721 and buy clothes, records, magazines... 757 01:04:14,721 --> 01:04:17,375 all aimed right at me. 758 01:04:17,376 --> 01:04:19,550 Department stores, 759 01:04:19,550 --> 01:04:22,940 waking up to the special market represented by some six million girls... 760 01:04:22,941 --> 01:04:27,275 are earnestly concentrating on giving this exacting clientele what it wants. 761 01:04:30,202 --> 01:04:33,272 We're the bosses of the business now. 762 01:04:33,272 --> 01:04:35,798 A Big Bang. Uh, chocolate... 763 01:04:35,799 --> 01:04:37,558 - With chocolate sauce. - Chocolate sauce. 764 01:04:37,559 --> 01:04:39,637 And, uh, marshmallows, nuts. 765 01:04:39,637 --> 01:04:41,837 How about a cherry? A cherry. 766 01:04:49,970 --> 01:04:51,536 They called us subdebs. 767 01:04:53,424 --> 01:04:56,124 You'd see us all over the magazines. 768 01:04:58,158 --> 01:05:00,525 We weren't debutantes at all. 769 01:05:01,934 --> 01:05:04,601 Just regular old high school kids. 770 01:05:08,459 --> 01:05:10,592 But it sounded fancy. 771 01:05:11,466 --> 01:05:13,365 And we sure like fancy. 772 01:05:20,102 --> 01:05:23,492 I love being 17. 773 01:05:23,492 --> 01:05:26,493 I wish I could stay this age for a while. 774 01:05:30,466 --> 01:05:34,433 Seventeen is that perfect spot between adolescence... 775 01:05:34,434 --> 01:05:37,824 which means you're going somewhere... 776 01:05:37,824 --> 01:05:41,992 and adulthood... which means you're on the downgrade. 777 01:05:44,701 --> 01:05:45,201 ♪♪ 778 01:05:58,649 --> 01:06:00,949 Thank you very much, ladies and gentlemen. 779 01:06:08,116 --> 01:06:10,066 Whether they called us hooligans, 780 01:06:10,067 --> 01:06:14,546 flappers, jitterbugs or subdebs, 781 01:06:14,546 --> 01:06:16,879 we knew who we were. 782 01:06:19,057 --> 01:06:21,168 The time had come... 783 01:06:21,168 --> 01:06:22,967 to declare it. 784 01:06:32,653 --> 01:06:35,053 The article came out in the New York Times. 785 01:06:36,682 --> 01:06:39,449 The Teen-Age Bill of Rights. 786 01:06:40,616 --> 01:06:42,375 A declaration. 787 01:06:42,376 --> 01:06:44,486 A manifesto. 788 01:06:44,487 --> 01:06:48,054 It was like a contract between the generations. 789 01:06:49,892 --> 01:06:52,163 From the beginning of man's life on earth, 790 01:06:52,164 --> 01:06:56,514 there have been but two generations: The old and the young. 791 01:06:56,514 --> 01:06:59,072 And throughout the world's history, 792 01:06:59,072 --> 01:07:01,471 in every nation and in every time, 793 01:07:01,472 --> 01:07:02,942 the lives and fortunes of the young... 794 01:07:02,943 --> 01:07:06,461 have been inevitably ruled by the dictates of the old... 795 01:07:06,461 --> 01:07:10,763 who have called upon youth to enforce their aims and impose their will. 796 01:07:16,890 --> 01:07:18,585 Of all the world's youth, 797 01:07:18,585 --> 01:07:20,696 none are more fortunate by birthright and inheritance... 798 01:07:20,697 --> 01:07:24,951 than the 21 million boys and girls between the ages of 16 and 24... 799 01:07:24,951 --> 01:07:28,018 who constitute one vast and glamorous society. 800 01:07:45,585 --> 01:07:47,759 Today no one portion of the American population... 801 01:07:47,760 --> 01:07:51,594 is more consistently admired than its young men and women. 802 01:07:52,846 --> 01:07:55,468 For since the postwar days of the flapper, 803 01:07:55,469 --> 01:07:57,324 speakeasy and flaming youth, 804 01:07:57,324 --> 01:08:00,266 America's youngsters have led the styles and set the pace... 805 01:08:00,267 --> 01:08:02,533 for the young of every other nation. 806 01:08:15,335 --> 01:08:18,602 Each generation feels that it is the future. 807 01:08:20,133 --> 01:08:21,635 To the teenager, 808 01:08:21,636 --> 01:08:24,403 nothing is more important... 809 01:08:25,922 --> 01:08:28,768 Than to find out where we fit in... 810 01:08:28,768 --> 01:08:31,201 in relation to life around us. 811 01:08:32,959 --> 01:08:35,192 It is a serious quest. 812 01:08:36,349 --> 01:08:37,715 Often a painful one. 813 01:08:48,313 --> 01:08:51,799 Two atomic bombs three days apart. 814 01:08:51,800 --> 01:08:54,038 Japan has surrendered. 815 01:08:54,039 --> 01:08:57,140 And there's jubilation around this earth. 816 01:09:03,699 --> 01:09:07,968 This is a story that ends with a beginning. 817 01:09:10,545 --> 01:09:13,078 The old world was over, 818 01:09:14,127 --> 01:09:16,494 and a new figure emerged. 819 01:09:26,634 --> 01:09:29,257 It would become the model for youth... 820 01:09:29,258 --> 01:09:31,491 that still exists today. 821 01:09:32,744 --> 01:09:34,343 The teenager. 822 01:09:43,717 --> 01:09:46,684 American culture kept spreading around the world. 823 01:09:50,562 --> 01:09:52,862 They took away our weapons... 824 01:09:54,816 --> 01:09:57,550 and gave us Coca-Colas instead. 825 01:10:04,700 --> 01:10:07,366 The teenager was an American invention. 826 01:10:09,818 --> 01:10:11,517 It's what we wanted to be. 827 01:10:15,256 --> 01:10:17,256 We knew we could be blown up in an instant. 828 01:10:19,446 --> 01:10:21,646 So we lived in the now. 829 01:10:28,307 --> 01:10:31,707 Teenage was a compromise solution. 830 01:10:33,073 --> 01:10:35,606 We got the freedom we were looking for. 831 01:10:37,934 --> 01:10:40,334 But adults still had some control. 832 01:10:45,228 --> 01:10:48,426 A lot of people try to shape the future. 833 01:10:48,427 --> 01:10:50,346 Parents, the government, 834 01:10:50,346 --> 01:10:53,079 bankers, the police. 835 01:10:55,144 --> 01:10:57,611 But it's the young ones who will live in it. 836 01:10:58,854 --> 01:11:02,121 And we are the ones who will fight for it. 72655

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