All language subtitles for How the Universe Works s04e06 Secret History Of The Moon.en

Imagine a space scientist

A barren land

Hot enough to boil water

Where the mysterious drilling in the surface
Delegate from the impact of the battles

Reveal a maze of dusty tunnels

Each of them wide enough to leave a city

This world is dead

However, it broadcasts life on its nearest neighboring planet

This space place is closer than you imagine

It is our moon

"The Ways of the Universe"

Look at our system
Solar system from the perspective of a space visitor

What will surprise you?

What makes you reconsider?

The answer is not possible?

Our giant moon

If you look at our moon and its satellites

All other satellites in our solar system

It is very strange

It's huge, much bigger than
Other satellites in the solar system

Compared to his planet

It is a huge moon, it makes us

A binary planet. Two particles revolve around each other

To some extent

Our moon is near the size of a planet
Unique in the solar system

This is a giant delegate of
Battles serve as our guardian angel

His great appeal lifts the tide that leads life

In the Earth's oceans

The moon keeps our planet Milan

It regulates climate and seasons

Without the moon, when man came

We owe everything to the moon

Yet its composition is even greater

Mysterious Mysteries in Planetary Science

There are many theories about the emergence of our giant moon

But they all start in the same way

The formation of the inner solar system

4.6 billion years ago

When the solar system arose, it seemed

Is quite different from what it seems now

Instead of a few planets and a large space

Around the sun, there is a disk

This disk was thick

It consisted of gas, dust and rocky bodies

The sun shone with life

The distance of gas withdrawal nearby

The fallen rocky fallows gather together

Over time to be planets like Earth

But it is more than we see today

The huge rocks contend for their positions

Intersect in their struggle to find stable orbits

Could one of those planets be destined for him

To become our moon?

There are many theories

About the emergence of our giant moon

Assume a theory that he was walking around

In our system the sun and we were a whole

According to the theory of families

A passing planet passes very soon

Of the land of the young, and did
The gravity of our entire planet

The planet settled in Earth orbit

It became the moon we see today

This theory took everything

But scientists needed proof of their authenticity

It is true that the moon is a captive planet

We expect its components

Will be different from Earth

It was something that grew up in a place different from Earth

Then he was captured, so we expect them to be

Made of different materials

To prove the theory

Scientists needed to compare the first moon rocks

With similar samples on the ground

The best rock for comparison is a metal that is not formed

Except when the newborn moon was still melted

On the ground, this type of rock is formed

"In active places volcanoes such as" Iceland

You see this anorthoscope

Anorthosis is formed in a manner
Different from normal basalt

You may count it as white foam

On top of a dim beer, it floats upward

So in the magma environment

... consists and floats higher

Sea of ??magma

Take an anthurpose sample from the moon

Important because rocks are darker

Its chemical composition may be altered by asteroid collisions

We take a sample of those anortholic rocks

Because we will not know the origin of the moon

Of dark matter

We must have this rock composition to tell us about

The origin of the moon

, In the 1970s
Apollo astronauts collected samples

They brought her to the ground to compare them

The results stunned the scientific world

They found that the components of the moon

Almost identical

With ground crust components

So the hypothesis that the moon was
A captive planet from somewhere

In the solar system have been excluded

It can never be corrected

The rocks looked like earth in several respects

This was a mystery

Excluding the theory of the captive planet

Planetary scientists did something

"The scholars said," We must meet and know this

"They went together to a conference in" Kuna - Hawaii

All prominent scientists in planetary science

They argued all the salient assumptions

People thought that scientists without imagination

We're just robots looking at things and analyzing them

Not so

If you want to know how something like the moon grew up

Your imagination must be wild

And try to impose those crazy assumptions

But you must be bound by reality

They confined themselves together in a room

They left this meeting
"This is useful

The new theory
Focusing on water content

Of the moon rocks

It was surprisingly dry

Something must be heating
The moon is very hot

We were directed to think that it should

Be a kind of collision

The theory was based on a hypothesis

A catastrophic collision 4.5 billion years ago

But she did not hit the moon

She was hitting the ground

There was a crazy theory
That when the earth was formed

While she was young

Another particle the size of a planet

Something about the size of Mars

... came and hit the ground

He detonated a large quantity of material

Which merged and formed the moon

It was a fantastic hypothesis

She was a pioneer

Scientists have launched the planet
"Near the size of Mars by" Thea

Imagine how the collision happened

4.5 billion years ago

Thea hit the ground

The tossing of the collision is melting into space

Forming a ring of burning rocks around the earth

... if we can turn back time

We somehow stood on
The surface of the earth when the moon grew

It would have been amazing

A luminous ring of fire was stretching across the sky

There was a shiny ball here in the sky

Of glowing magma

With all the small berries and rocks that were attracted

To that point because of the enormous gravity

, It was the first moon
The particle that will eventually become

The moon in our skies today

Our moon grew up in less than a year

Its crust is chemically identical with the earth's crust

Because they share the same origin

, This collision theory, although it seemed strange

They do the best job in interpretation

Everything we see about the moon

Has become the hypothesis of the theoretical clash prominent

In the birth of our giant moon

But when the space probes
Visit the far side of the moon

I found what refutes the theory

Our moon has a secret

He grew up with a twin

Look at the moon tonight

You may see a familiar face

Or perhaps a rabbit

Or a tree, depending on your culture

Myths and myths surrounding the engraved forms

On the moon

But what you can
Those signs are to be cut off from a mystery

Our Giant Guard?

What we call the "human face moon" is only a chain

From light and dark patches
On the moon, of course

People are programmed to recognize faces everywhere

That's why we see this ... face

These dark patches look unique to the moon

Centuries ago, astronomers thought they saw

The vast ocean of liquid water

We now know that dark pigments are old floods

Of lava

"Scientist of Planetary Geology" by Gani Radhibo

Pick up a scene from above
"For similar characteristics on" Hawaii

Using a research camera

This flow of lava on which we stand is similar

The things we would see if we stood

On the dark patches of the moon

It's dark

It is made of basalt and flows

In a massive flow of lava across the surface

It turned out that the dark plains of lava on the moon

Are battle scars

Evidence of a violent past

Four billion years ago, asteroids raged

On the newborn moon, torn by its surface

Where the torn crust is thin

The melted lava flows
Hot Subcontinent of the Moon

Scattered in great pools

And harden to be scars
Which we see today from the earth

Strangely, though, the moon is spinning

The gravity of the earth is firmly attached to it

Where it is the same face
Directed to us in all ages

Making monuments on the far side of the moon

A great mystery

In all times, the distant side of the moon

It was invisible to the earth

It's the back side, you can not see it

, In 1959

"Soviet spacecraft" Luna-3

Passed by the distant moon

She filmed it for the first time

Astronomers thought the vision of vamps
White and black known

They received a big surprise

When the scientists saw the pictures, they were stunned

The far side looked different
Quite on the near side

It is filled with volcanoes

It looked like a huge split

No one expected it at all

There are still collision nozzles
Huge in the far side

But they were weak on a regular basis

There seemed to be no dark lava flow on the surface

But why?

The only solution we came up with

Is a difference in thickness between the crust

The near side and the farthest side crust

This must be the side
The remote is so thick that

Lava can not rise through it

And erupt out across the surface

In contrast, on the side
Facing, very high

Lava can easily climb through the cracks

And flow to the surface

NASA's new missions confirmed that the crust

In the back of the moon more than thirty thickness
Miles on the veneer on the facade

The far side is thicker

It is not as if a part of it is thick without the other

The other side of the moon

It has more crust
Thickness of near side

It's weird

One of the greatest mysteries in planetary science

For over fifty years

Why was the crust of the far side too thick?

Collision theory does not cover it

She formed the moon but did not say why

Quite different from one another

Unless something strange happens

New era of super computers bring

The first amazing explanation

Maybe the collision made "Thea" two satellites

Not a single moon

This dual birth may also be explained

Our moon is different sides

According to the theory, 4.5 billion years ago

There were two moons in the night sky

The younger moon pursued his older brother

Gradually approaching

... In the end, the two moons slowly merged

The smaller moon covered
The far side of the Big Moon

They made a new thicker crust

Not all collisions
High-speed violent incidents

Which extrudes materials everywhere

Instead of just bumping into him

He merged with him

Torn and merged with the moon

Basically, when you look at half of the moon

You see one body

And when you look at the other side of the moon

You see most of the other body that covered

The first body, for this is
Thicker in this aspect

Qamaran is one

The evidence of this global collision is increasing

At least within supercomputers

But not all astronomers are convinced

Looking in the sky for a different solution

And finally found it on a space planet

It was roasted alive

, 480 light-years away from our solar system

Earth-like rocky planet
It revolves around a star similar to the sun

But not a place of life

Corot-7b is "very close to its sun"

This strange outer planet
The star revolves around sixty times

From the distance of the earth's rotation around the sun

This great convergence remains one of the faces of the planet

Facing his partner

The face of the moon remains facing the earth

... and the result
Connie BBQ

Heat rises to more than 3000 degrees Fahrenheit

On the planet's closest face

The rock surface shrinks into a boiling ocean

Of liquid magma

In contrast, the shaded distant side of the planet

It has a hard and cool crust

This burning outer planet is inspiring

An amazing new theory about composition

Our moon is heterogeneous

The hypothesis comes from two young researchers

They have no background on moon science

For I work in the field of outer planets, so I know little

About the lunar terrain when the whole thing started

In 2011, Jason Wright was discussing

The outer planets are close to their star with their colleagues

When the discussion turned to ambiguity

The crust of my face is the moon

And then I remembered that the moon when it was formed

It was very close to the ground, and the earth was

Very hot after the collision that the moon formed

In fact, the geometry itself is quite the same

"With the system" Corot-7B

That made me think
"Maybe something similar happened with the moon"

Suppose "Jason" that the earth is hot

The face of the moon was burned

Stars also burn planets nearby

If you imagine the composition of the moon

The earth was a huge burning ball hanging

In the sky, it will be the side
The distance to the moon is very cold

The face of the moon was hot

By the melted earth

The vast clouds of vapor
Metal flows from the hot surface

Feeding a cloud surrounding the moon

On the cold face, condensing
Those metals are falling rain

To adopt a thicker crust

It is an organized hypothesis, but it does not succeed

Unless the moon keeps one face
On the ground immediately after its formation

"Jason" asked the graduate "Arbita Roy

That she felt this was possible

When Jason came to me with the hypothesis

He was enthusiastic about her

I think it was strong

Check accounts of the moon's extended restriction

It was very easy

The figure was so small that we were surprised

It was about a hundred days

It is very fast in astronomical time scale

The scientific jump of "Arbeta" means

The near side of the moon is restricted to the earth

While our planet is still melted

To support Jason's theory of the flaming moon

It is still very new but has props

In science, if there were two theories explain something

In a good way, we will tend to theory

Which has a more natural result

This theory of inflamed land is a natural result

Because we do not know it happened

Fortunately, the surface of the earth

Cooler today

But the interior is still hot

Thanks to the radioactive decay of metals

This rising heat is what revolutionizes volcanoes

And the geological activity we see on the surface today

There are mountain chains that have made their way

And other mountain ranges that were put in the ocean

The earth's crust is constantly changing

The moon has no radiation

So scientists have always assumed that its center

Cool and its geological features are dead

But assume a series of unexplained observations

We are wrong again about the moon

One of the big questions we are trying to answer

Over the course of a few decades
Previous Is there any activity

Lag on the moon?

For hundreds of years, astronomers reported

About strange emissions of light from the moon

Others saw red flares

It lasted for minutes at a time

Do those rare signs show that the heart

The geology of the moon is still beating?

The moon is too small, so that it
For more than four billion years

He must have repented all this time

There are still things we see

Perhaps denote

That something is happening inside

Arsterx is a "volcanic zone"

In the north-west of the face near the moon

It is a hot spot in exotic sights

Scientists have reported more than seven hundred glare here

In the last 50 years

Even Neil Armstrong saw something strange

"From the window of a landing vehicle" Apollo-11

Houston, "I look north toward Erstrx now"

There is an

More light about it

There is a brilliance of it ... very light

Flag 11, we receive it

What is going on in Arsterx?

Volcanic aspects of the volcano

Give planetary scientists an idea

Because where there is smoke, there must be fire

Guide on how these events occur on the moon

Is its place

It is in a very privileged location

On the moon, it is very similar

What we stand now

Erstrx "covered with a great flood"
Of volcanic ash

Some scientists believe that those
Thin light material

Responsible for the evidence
The alien we see from the earth

The type of ash I'm carrying now

A little wet due to modern rains

... in the area, while the ash

Which we had to carry in the "Erstrx" would be soft

The gases emitted from this active volcano

Carry particles of fine volcanic ash

And evaporate into the air

The sun illuminates columns, making them visible for miles

Something similar might happen on the moon

There is gas, coming out of an outlet

Captures the very soft lunar dust and scatters it

Through its features

So we see it lit by sunlight

If the theory is correct

It means that the moon's volcanoes are still active

There is something amazing

It is hard to understand our minds

About the fact that the moon

It may still spring today

I mean we thought for years

The moon is cold and dead

But these events may now occur

This means that the moon is not dead

Moon neighborhood, this is very exciting

We thought we understood the moon

But the deeper the scientists

They found another secret

Probably the biggest secret yet

It was without the moon when we were here

The earth and the moon were born together

They have dramatically shaped the evolution of each other

We now believe that life has taken a strong start

With our giant moon

This is the Earth 4.4 billion years ago

Near the time scientists thought
That life on earth has begun

The newborn moon settles
Only fifteen thousand miles away

To appear more massive in the sky than today

His attractiveness raises an enormous range
In the warm, young Earth oceans

At that time, the tide could not be measured by foot

They were measured by miles

There were tsunami waves that were drifting

On the land and then retreat to the sea

The moon's gravity makes waves

Pulling the Earth's oceans towards it

In the bump of the water, when the earth revolves

This extrusion drifts on the land as a mound

The closer the moon, the greater the gravity

The tide was stronger

Some scientists believe that the rocky ponds are warm

Left by the first tidal waves

It has formed the ideal hydrocarbon space

For the components of life to come together

Good about the swamp

When environments change

Water progresses and brings nutrients and then recedes

The nutrients are concentrated

So there was a process

She focused on what was left behind

In a way that led to the emergence of life

4.4 billion years ago

Tidal waves provoked organic molecules

Of the earth's surface

When the tide recedes, these chemicals lag behind

In shallow rock pools

Then evaporate in the heat of the sun

To concentrate its chemical components

Perhaps the first life arose

Inside this organic rich stew

If we had little moons
Around the Earth like Mars

There were never waves
The tides that bear

Elements and energy to the beach environment

Where life may have had a foot

So, we did not have minerals

We did not have energy

Maybe we would not have had a life

Did the moon bring life to earth?

... Scientists are still deliberating, but surely

Smart life takes time to develop

In our case, at least four billion years

We gradually changed from simple single cells

To the creature who wonders about its origins

And the moon gave life to stability to develop

By maintaining the stability of the central tilt of the earth

For more than four billion years

The moon maintained this inclination and rose

By establishing the pivotal role

He maintained that the chapters were the same

Century after century, and millennium after millennium

When we look at Milan Earth

He was the same at the time

Where complex life was present

This is very important

When we came from simple creatures

Mono-cell to more complex creatures

The great balance has helped

How things are different

Without the moon?

Look at Mars only to see the catastrophic effects

The unstable mile

Mars already has a mile up to sixty degrees

... meant this

It was cool in the equator on Mars

It was warmer on the poles

This environment is very difficult

Life has to grow and flourish

When we look at Mars
We see his central tendency

... may swing to this degree

Which has curbed life

If the land is tilted to that problem

Ice ages ended and ended as seasons

Maybe life needed that
Start from scratch again and again

It does not have time to evolve into complex creatures

Mars acts as an indicator that our giant moon

He was a contributor to Genesis

Smart life on Earth

Scientists believe the increase

That global partnerships
A similarity is the key to finding

Other smart neighborhoods in the universe

When we look at the outer planets

And wonder you may contain
Civilizations and advanced forms of life

Some had large moons

Without others

We said to first see planets with moons

For this reason, we know

In this world, we have moon
Great and we have an advanced life

When we look beyond our solar system

We look at the galaxy

Look for outer planets
Which may be suitable for habitation

Maybe we should look for a particle

He has a giant moon in the right place

About his star

Perhaps it would be the right place to look for life

If we wanted to see

These distant outer planets are close

We will need a cheap, reliable way to space

The moon may be the key to solving that journey

Towards the stars

Thinkers

That the amount of human invasion of space

Surprisingly, the moon may be the key

To achieve those dreams

Because the lunar launch platform is much easier
Of the Earth with regard to the atmosphere and gravity

If we set up a base on the moon, for example

We need a little energy to get out of the moon

We proceed to explore other bodies from there

What will it take to build a lunar launch platform?

It turned out that the biggest drawback is
Maintain the life of the ground crew

One of the greatest risks

In your presence on the moon

You are not protected by a magnetic shield

You do not have that on the moon

If a big solar storm strikes

The particle flow is high
Energy will strike astronauts

The card is too large to break cells

And destroy our nuclear DNA

The moon is also exposed to radiation

Which originate from outside the solar system

The distant supernovae throw charged particles

Called cosmic rays near the speed of light

On the ground, most of what comes comes from our atmosphere

But on the moon, the pioneers are in the crossfire

Many of them were told about seeing small flashes

When cosmic rays collide with their visual nerves

Space rocks contained another major danger

on the moon

On the moon, there is no atmosphere

If there was something the size of a grain of sand

They move faster than the speed of the shot

If he had collided with your colony

They can hole a large hole on the wall

Another major obstacle to long-term survival

On the moon is a large variation in temperature

One of the things we really do not think about

The air around us is that it distributes the heat

On the moon there is no air

If half your hand was in the sun

And the other half in the shade

The difference in temperature will be 400 degrees

Best prevention

Of those long-term problems

Is a thick layer of rock

But a recent discovery is supposed
That future pioneers

They will not need to dig to build their underground shelters

Their eminent fossils are found on the moon

The "alcove" is called the size of a football field

We see large openings leading to giant cave systems

May be the most suitable base for lunar exploration

Slots are network entrances

Of the vast tunnels, which extend for miles

Under the moon

There are caves under the surface there

They did not cut it

But her apartment is lava

Similar tunnels, called lava tubes

You are on the ground in
"Volcanic regions such as" Iceland

We are at the bottom of a pit formed

From a broken tube

We now know that it is on the moon

There are such holes, even if the indicators are correct

They also lead to such giant lava tubes

Lava pipes are formed when they begin
The melted rocks flowing in the cold

The surface hardens first

It secrete hot lava
Below it and still flowing

He splashed long tunnels under the ground

Live in such a tube
This will not be crazy

In fact this is a huge tube, very huge

But the pipes on the moon

Greater than ten times

On the moon, lava pipes are made

Under rocky rocks with hundreds of feet

It protects tunnels from radiation and microscopic comets

And maintains the temperature stability

Lava tube like this on the moon

It will be wonderful and stable, and probably not much colder

From the coldest cave on earth

Astronauts on the moon

They may lock themselves into those
Pipe by adding air valves

If we can colonize

Lava tube under the lunar surface

We can organize the environment

We can pump air

We can make the heat suitable

You can go out and walk around

In this huge tunnel under the surface

You can build an entire city there

And lighting the walls of the lunar tunnel

Scientists believe that lunar space stations

May be self-sufficient

There are nozzles in the shade always

It contains water ice, and this is very exciting

Because we did not realize the existence

Water on the moon so far

We thought the moon was dry

For several years .. and change the matter

We now know that it is in the soil

Inside the walls of the nozzles

Always shaded, there is
Lots and lots of water ice

Water is the optimal resource for the Lunar Launch Platform

In addition to drinking it, you can separate the water with electricity

, To create oxygen to breathe
And hydrogen for use as fuel

When you think about it, the rocket fuel
Composed of liquid hydrogen

And liquid oxygen

These are what water is

Bear the craters of the moon

About six billion tons of water ice

This is enough to launch 20 rockets into space

Every day for more than a hundred years

For more than four billion years

The leg of the moon is our evolution

It formed our climate, and in the future

His resources will allow us to invade space

But he will not live forever

Scientists have detailed the death of the moon

It will be harsh

For more than four billion years

The Earth and the Moon took turns

An extreme balance around the sun

But our heavenly neighbor is gradually escaping

Sometimes we talk about certain things

We always say there is nothing certain

As sunrise, right?

We can imagine the moon in the same way

It passes through its phases

It exists night after night and year after year

But it is clear that the moon

Stay away from this earth and see to

Interaction between the moon and the protrusion of the earth

The water bumps gravity

A little ahead of the moon

Because the earth revolves around itself
Faster than the moon's rotation around the earth

The moon gravitates the tension

And slow the rotation of the earth around its axis

Over billions of years

Earth turnover would have slowed considerably

We were walking fast

Maybe our turnover is weak now

But like a charismatic cord

The lunar attraction will accelerate its orbit

This speed makes the moon's orbit wider

He pushed him farther

It is a small amount, does not exceed

The 3.8 centimeter, about an inch and a half a year

After billions of years

The moon will shrink to a point in the night sky

The rotation of the earth around itself will be very slow

So that the moon appears above our heads

There will come a time when the earth will be fixed

The face of the earth will face one face of the moon

The two will be synchronized

There will be one place
On the ground you see the moon

So imagine that you will have to go

A holiday to see the moon at the time

But it will be a long time from now

I will not start booking your tickets now

Is this the distant future of our moon?

... Some scientists envision a more exciting end

Death will burn, which will destroy the moon

Perhaps life on earth

The process begins with the expansion of the sun

The real future history of the earth and moon system

Will fall on the sun

Amazing effects may occur

When the sun shines it expands

To fill the inner solar system
With more intense solar wind

These winds will intercept the moon

When the moon turns around the Earth there will be resistance

There will be more particles in space

The moon will resist

So the moon kept moving away from the earth

Billions of years

Maybe he will start coming back

This new internal path is a spiral of death

In the end, the moon will lick

Approaching

Because of the attractive forces

Tidal forces will be so strong

Explode from the ground

The moon will be removed from Earth 11,000 miles

Will arrive at the point of no return

The earthy pull of the earth will crush him in the end

You will vibrate and shake

Will bend

It will bend over and away from us

It is hard to say that you will see it in the end

... already ruptured

A whole world will be torn by the gravity of the earth

The lagoon of the moon

A Saturn-like ring will be made of rock remains

Having a ring around the earth will be an amazing sight

I would like to see it

You may look up and see the ring

It will be in the corner of the ground

If you were in the right place in the earth

, You will be able to see it
Wide and extended across the sky

I do not know if you could see her during the day

But at night

It will be one of the most wonderful scenes I can imagine

But the beauty will soon turn into horror

When the fall of the ring falls on the earth

It will be a spectacular spectacle

A scary sight

The whole sky will be full

With meteor showers flowing through the sky

It would be huge

In the end, all those materials

Will merge into the ground

, And now, these two brothers
Separated at the time of their birth

They will unite again in one body

A new land will be born from a fiery hell

But this world will be alive

The presence of the moon has allowed the emergence of life on Earth

The presence of the moon will also destroy life on Earth

The moon gave life, and it will also defeat it

These are regular events

Although it is not good for us

It is a pity to imagine

Earth without the moon

We are partners, we have influenced each other

Seeing the moon in the sky gives pleasure to

Each time, she did not say

We can only draw towards him

It's there every night staring at us

Of course, I wrote about him romances

We will continue to write about him

Life may not exist on earth without the moon

But even if life were created without it

You will be less romantic

Translated by:
markone129@gmail.com

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