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Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:06,000 --> 00:00:09,620 HE PLAYS SLAP BASS 2 00:00:17,280 --> 00:00:19,240 BOBBY BYRD: What you going to play now? 3 00:00:19,240 --> 00:00:21,200 JAMES BROWN: Bobby, I don't know, 4 00:00:21,200 --> 00:00:25,340 but whatsoever I play, it's got to be funky. 5 00:00:25,340 --> 00:00:26,320 Yow! 6 00:00:26,320 --> 00:00:30,980 MUSIC: Give It Up or Turnit a Loose by James Brown 7 00:00:33,460 --> 00:00:34,600 What is funk? 8 00:00:34,600 --> 00:00:37,000 Well, it's funky, but, beyond that, 9 00:00:37,000 --> 00:00:41,100 I don't know if I can describe it, but when you hear it, you know what 10 00:00:41,100 --> 00:00:43,940 it is. And, perhaps more importantly, 11 00:00:43,940 --> 00:00:46,840 you know it when you feel it. 12 00:00:46,840 --> 00:00:50,200 Funk itself is an essence of energy. 13 00:00:50,200 --> 00:00:53,240 You know how they say, "Use the force, Luke"? 14 00:00:53,240 --> 00:00:57,160 You're free of all the rules, and you just let go 15 00:00:57,160 --> 00:00:59,960 and let the groove take over. 16 00:00:59,960 --> 00:01:02,880 MUSIC: Funky Stuff by Kool & the Gang 17 00:01:02,880 --> 00:01:06,320 # Can't get enough of that funky stuff... # 18 00:01:06,320 --> 00:01:09,440 There's no sad funk songs. 19 00:01:09,440 --> 00:01:14,280 Funk's primary purpose is to get people moving, 20 00:01:14,280 --> 00:01:18,000 get people dancing, shaking their behinds, having a good time. 21 00:01:19,440 --> 00:01:21,680 # I said, Whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa 22 00:01:21,680 --> 00:01:23,960 # Whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, yeah... # 23 00:01:23,960 --> 00:01:27,800 You're not thinking in the sense of trying to reason everything out. 24 00:01:27,800 --> 00:01:31,800 That part of your being you've kind of surrendered to something 25 00:01:31,800 --> 00:01:34,480 greater than yourself. 26 00:01:34,480 --> 00:01:38,920 What its music instructed you to do is dance in a way that the 27 00:01:38,920 --> 00:01:40,840 music dictates. 28 00:01:42,440 --> 00:01:47,280 Funk music literally instructs you on how to move. 29 00:01:50,440 --> 00:01:54,960 The story is in the rhythm. You know, you just, like... 30 00:01:54,960 --> 00:01:58,120 HE PLAYS FUNK RIFF 31 00:01:58,120 --> 00:02:03,040 HE PLAYS SAME RIFF 32 00:02:03,040 --> 00:02:05,560 And people are like, "Oh, come on now," right? 33 00:02:05,560 --> 00:02:08,840 "I don't know what you're talking about. We want the funk, 34 00:02:08,840 --> 00:02:11,320 "got to have the funk." OK, that's good enough for me. 35 00:02:11,320 --> 00:02:12,760 MUSIC: Give Up the Funk by Parliament 36 00:02:12,760 --> 00:02:14,120 # We need the funk, we gotta have that funk... # 37 00:02:14,120 --> 00:02:18,720 Funk music offers us this opportunity to reach 38 00:02:18,720 --> 00:02:23,480 for a certain kind of transcendent feeling and freedom in the way 39 00:02:23,480 --> 00:02:27,880 we move through the world that we're not often granted elsewhere. 40 00:02:27,880 --> 00:02:30,760 Funk is about transcendent joy. 41 00:02:30,760 --> 00:02:34,520 Funk is a reminder that it's a joy to be in this world. 42 00:02:37,080 --> 00:02:40,440 Funk is really a spiritual experience. 43 00:02:40,440 --> 00:02:43,520 Is there a black music that is a black music that is a black music, 44 00:02:43,520 --> 00:02:46,320 then it would be funk. 45 00:02:46,320 --> 00:02:49,400 HE PLAYS BASS RIFF 46 00:02:49,400 --> 00:02:52,440 Funk was the domain of black folks in the early '70s, but, you know, 47 00:02:52,440 --> 00:02:54,240 once you put it out there into 48 00:02:54,240 --> 00:02:57,120 the world, you don't know who it's going to affect. 49 00:02:57,120 --> 00:02:58,680 Hit it! 50 00:02:58,680 --> 00:03:00,440 MUSIC: Doin' It to Death by James Brown 51 00:03:00,440 --> 00:03:03,840 # We gonna have a funky good time... # 52 00:03:03,840 --> 00:03:06,400 When funk got out into the world, it was only a matter of time 53 00:03:06,400 --> 00:03:08,880 before people across the globe hear it and feel it. 54 00:03:12,160 --> 00:03:13,920 Funk lives on. 55 00:03:13,920 --> 00:03:18,480 We have Bruno Mars, D'Angelo, Janelle Monae, Cory Henry. 56 00:03:18,480 --> 00:03:22,120 Funk will continue to live as long as there is music, 57 00:03:22,120 --> 00:03:24,320 and music is not going anywhere. 58 00:03:24,320 --> 00:03:25,960 How you feel, brother? 59 00:03:25,960 --> 00:03:28,880 Funk music, it's easy to speak the same language. 60 00:03:28,880 --> 00:03:31,920 # We gonna have a funky good time... # 61 00:03:31,920 --> 00:03:35,760 It's not only universal, it's interplanetary. 62 00:03:35,760 --> 00:03:41,880 # We gonna take you higher. # 63 00:03:43,880 --> 00:03:47,720 MUSIC: Give Up the Funk by Parliament 64 00:03:55,600 --> 00:03:58,280 Hammer headlines from the News of the Day. 65 00:03:58,280 --> 00:04:01,440 NEWSREEL: Unopposed bombing raids sent defenceless civilians 66 00:04:01,440 --> 00:04:04,640 fleeing in stark terror. 67 00:04:04,640 --> 00:04:06,120 After the Second World War, 68 00:04:06,120 --> 00:04:08,600 there was a sense that the world had been in chaos. 69 00:04:08,600 --> 00:04:11,720 NEWSREEL: The happy crowd screamed their relief at the end 70 00:04:11,720 --> 00:04:13,080 of the greatest war in history. 71 00:04:13,080 --> 00:04:16,760 We've just been through this tumultuous planetary event. 72 00:04:16,760 --> 00:04:19,080 NEWSREEL: It's a great day for the whole world, 73 00:04:19,080 --> 00:04:21,040 and especially for the servicemen. 74 00:04:21,040 --> 00:04:25,080 What do we need to do to kind of move and feel safe? 75 00:04:25,080 --> 00:04:29,360 One, two, heel of the hand, one, two... 76 00:04:29,360 --> 00:04:32,000 There was this rise of something we call leisure culture. 77 00:04:32,000 --> 00:04:34,360 Suddenly there is this idea that young people 78 00:04:34,360 --> 00:04:36,920 could have their own dances and their own culture. 79 00:04:36,920 --> 00:04:39,720 MUSIC: Bandstand Boogie by Les Elgart and his Orchestra 80 00:04:39,720 --> 00:04:40,880 ANNOUNCER: From Philadelphia, 81 00:04:40,880 --> 00:04:43,400 it's time for America's favourite dance party, American Bandstand. 82 00:04:44,680 --> 00:04:46,400 Everybody watched American Bandstand. 83 00:04:46,400 --> 00:04:49,040 I mean, that thing was huge. 84 00:04:49,040 --> 00:04:50,560 Shall we stroll a bit. 85 00:04:50,560 --> 00:04:53,760 By the Diamonds, The Stroll. 86 00:04:53,760 --> 00:04:56,360 # Come, let's stroll 87 00:04:56,360 --> 00:04:59,400 # Stroll across the floor... # 88 00:04:59,400 --> 00:05:01,800 "Funky" is not the way you would describe 89 00:05:01,800 --> 00:05:04,640 the dancers on American Bandstand, not in the least bit. 90 00:05:04,640 --> 00:05:07,720 Perhaps the opposite of funky, whatever that is. 91 00:05:07,720 --> 00:05:11,520 # And let's go strolling 92 00:05:11,520 --> 00:05:15,640 # In wonderland... # 93 00:05:15,640 --> 00:05:18,760 American Bandstand represented 94 00:05:18,760 --> 00:05:22,080 the conservatism of 1950s culture, 95 00:05:22,080 --> 00:05:24,880 and the whiteness was glaring. 96 00:05:24,880 --> 00:05:28,440 This was the height of Jim Crow racism, 97 00:05:28,440 --> 00:05:33,880 and the show really reflected those policies. 98 00:05:33,880 --> 00:05:37,440 MUSIC: My Girl by The Temptations 99 00:05:39,840 --> 00:05:43,040 # I got sunshine 100 00:05:43,040 --> 00:05:47,120 # On a cloudy day... # 101 00:05:47,120 --> 00:05:49,120 Berry Gordy Jr, 102 00:05:49,120 --> 00:05:51,040 early in starting his record company, 103 00:05:51,040 --> 00:05:54,440 wanted Motown to be "the sound of Young America," 104 00:05:54,440 --> 00:05:56,520 he wanted to cross over. 105 00:05:56,520 --> 00:05:59,040 He wanted his music to be played on the same radio 106 00:05:59,040 --> 00:06:01,360 stations as Elvis Presley, as The Beatles, as Frank Sinatra. 107 00:06:01,360 --> 00:06:05,800 # What can make me feel this way? 108 00:06:05,800 --> 00:06:08,200 # My girl... # 109 00:06:08,200 --> 00:06:13,560 Motown was trying to satisfy how Black Americans could kind of fit 110 00:06:13,560 --> 00:06:16,360 in to the media place. 111 00:06:16,360 --> 00:06:19,680 # I got so much honey 112 00:06:19,680 --> 00:06:22,160 # The bees envy me... # 113 00:06:22,160 --> 00:06:25,040 And one way to do that was to be respectable. 114 00:06:25,040 --> 00:06:29,880 So Motown hired choreographers to actually train the artists 115 00:06:29,880 --> 00:06:31,800 how to dance in public. 116 00:06:31,800 --> 00:06:34,520 So it's not like The Temptations or The Supremes needed 117 00:06:34,520 --> 00:06:37,600 practice in dancing, but they needed to be trained in how to be 118 00:06:37,600 --> 00:06:42,720 presentable to a general, overwhelmingly white audience. 119 00:06:42,720 --> 00:06:44,480 MUSIC: Shop Around by the Miracles 120 00:06:44,480 --> 00:06:47,600 # Just because you've become a young man now 121 00:06:47,600 --> 00:06:50,880 # There's still some things that you don't understand now 122 00:06:50,880 --> 00:06:53,320 # Before you ask some girl for her hand now... # 123 00:06:53,320 --> 00:06:57,360 The artists were impeccably dressed, impeccably in sync. 124 00:06:57,360 --> 00:07:00,080 # My mama told me 125 00:07:00,080 --> 00:07:02,200 # You better shop around... # 126 00:07:02,200 --> 00:07:05,400 Now, it was always soul underneath. Don't get it twisted. 127 00:07:05,400 --> 00:07:08,520 They weren't trying to completely emulate white music, 128 00:07:08,520 --> 00:07:10,880 but what they were trying to do was show that we have the 129 00:07:10,880 --> 00:07:14,760 sophistication and also we have this underlying soul. 130 00:07:14,760 --> 00:07:16,800 # My mama told me 131 00:07:16,800 --> 00:07:19,000 # You better shop around... # 132 00:07:19,000 --> 00:07:23,200 In an era where people are focused on assimilating, 133 00:07:23,200 --> 00:07:26,600 you have to suppress certain things about yourself in order to be 134 00:07:26,600 --> 00:07:29,760 accepted in mainstream society. 135 00:07:29,760 --> 00:07:31,880 NEWSREEL: The new negro family, 136 00:07:31,880 --> 00:07:37,080 their name is Wells or Wilson, Smith or Brown, or Alexander or Green. 137 00:07:37,080 --> 00:07:42,240 All over the country, families such as this are enjoying new prosperity. 138 00:07:42,240 --> 00:07:46,600 Black people had to be concerned with white observation 139 00:07:46,600 --> 00:07:49,160 and what white people thought about them. 140 00:07:49,160 --> 00:07:52,320 What we now term as respectability politics, 141 00:07:52,320 --> 00:07:56,760 it is about being as put-together, as presentable, 142 00:07:56,760 --> 00:08:00,240 as literally clean as possible. 143 00:08:01,880 --> 00:08:06,280 # I need love, love to ease my mind 144 00:08:06,280 --> 00:08:10,040 I need to find, find someone to call mine 145 00:08:10,040 --> 00:08:11,760 # But mama said 146 00:08:11,760 --> 00:08:13,360 # You can't hurry love... # 147 00:08:13,360 --> 00:08:15,800 Berry Gordy contains them so they could be accepted 148 00:08:15,800 --> 00:08:17,640 by this larger white audience. 149 00:08:17,640 --> 00:08:20,440 So, that's one thing he thought. The other thing he thought is, 150 00:08:20,440 --> 00:08:23,080 getting involved in political issues - like the civil rights 151 00:08:23,080 --> 00:08:25,960 movement or the anti-war movement - 152 00:08:25,960 --> 00:08:29,680 if his singers come out publicly in favour of those things, 153 00:08:29,680 --> 00:08:33,400 that might cause them to not be accepted by the white community. 154 00:08:33,400 --> 00:08:37,480 So he tamps down their politics, at least in their public presentations. 155 00:08:37,480 --> 00:08:40,040 All of them have political ideas and what they feel about 156 00:08:40,040 --> 00:08:42,720 the civil rights movement, but it doesn't show up in those 157 00:08:42,720 --> 00:08:44,920 early songs in the 1960s. 158 00:08:44,920 --> 00:08:47,560 They're not down in Selma doing a benefit, 159 00:08:47,560 --> 00:08:50,400 when the Selma to Montgomery marches are going on, 160 00:08:50,400 --> 00:08:53,480 Tony Bennett is there, Sam Cooke goes down there, 161 00:08:53,480 --> 00:08:57,120 Aretha Franklin goes - but not The Temptations, not The Supremes. 162 00:08:57,120 --> 00:09:00,800 Berry Gordy is not going to allow them to be a part of that publicly. 163 00:09:08,040 --> 00:09:11,360 # Calling out around the world 164 00:09:11,360 --> 00:09:14,400 # Are you ready for a brand-new beat? 165 00:09:14,400 --> 00:09:19,200 # Summer's here and the time is right 166 00:09:19,200 --> 00:09:22,160 # For dancing in the street... # 167 00:09:22,160 --> 00:09:25,960 Starting in 1963, you have mass protests in Birmingham, 168 00:09:25,960 --> 00:09:30,280 and then you have the mass uprising in New York, in 1964, 169 00:09:30,280 --> 00:09:33,480 culminating in the Watts Rebellion in 1965. 170 00:09:33,480 --> 00:09:38,360 # All we need is music, sweet music 171 00:09:38,360 --> 00:09:42,080 # There'll be music everywhere 172 00:09:42,080 --> 00:09:46,520 # There'll be swinging, swaying and records playing 173 00:09:46,520 --> 00:09:48,480 # Dancing in the street... # 174 00:09:48,480 --> 00:09:51,840 It's a song that you could listen to and think is just about dance. 175 00:09:51,840 --> 00:09:54,440 But at a time of real political shift and change, 176 00:09:54,440 --> 00:09:58,240 and new kinds of struggle, it's also articulating a message 177 00:09:58,240 --> 00:10:04,200 to this mass mobilisation of black people into the streets to protest. 178 00:10:04,200 --> 00:10:07,680 # It doesn't matter what you wear 179 00:10:07,680 --> 00:10:11,080 # Just as long as you are there 180 00:10:11,080 --> 00:10:12,520 # So come on 181 00:10:12,520 --> 00:10:15,640 # Every guy, grab a girl 182 00:10:15,640 --> 00:10:19,120 # Everywhere around the world 183 00:10:19,120 --> 00:10:20,880 # They're dancing... # 184 00:10:20,880 --> 00:10:24,200 People understood that the call to dance in the streets was about 185 00:10:24,200 --> 00:10:27,760 a call for people to engage with the revolution that was happening 186 00:10:27,760 --> 00:10:30,160 at the time, in which people were rioting. 187 00:10:30,160 --> 00:10:33,160 People were resisting the establishment culture. 188 00:10:33,160 --> 00:10:36,200 And the call to dance is not just a call to dance, 189 00:10:36,200 --> 00:10:39,120 but also a call to come together and to protest. 190 00:10:39,120 --> 00:10:40,600 We want Black power. 191 00:10:40,600 --> 00:10:42,360 We want Black power! 192 00:10:42,360 --> 00:10:45,680 We want Black power! We want Black power! 193 00:10:45,680 --> 00:10:47,520 We want Black power! 194 00:10:48,840 --> 00:10:51,880 A lot of people identified with moving away from of a certain 195 00:10:51,880 --> 00:10:55,560 kind of respectability. 196 00:10:55,560 --> 00:10:58,160 All of that needs a soundtrack. 197 00:10:58,160 --> 00:11:01,640 That soundtrack to all of the upheavals of the '60s 198 00:11:01,640 --> 00:11:07,520 doesn't really want things to be so polished and so manicured. 199 00:11:07,520 --> 00:11:09,400 # Watch me 200 00:11:09,400 --> 00:11:12,160 # Watch me, hey! 201 00:11:12,160 --> 00:11:15,760 # I got something that makes me want to shout 202 00:11:15,760 --> 00:11:20,320 # I got something to tell me what it's all about, ha 203 00:11:20,320 --> 00:11:24,240 # I got soul and I'm super bad... # 204 00:11:24,240 --> 00:11:28,000 When you get to the late '60s, early '70s, a lot of people feel like, 205 00:11:28,000 --> 00:11:30,840 "I'm not interested in assimilating. 206 00:11:30,840 --> 00:11:34,240 "I'm interested in being as Black as I can possibly be." 207 00:11:34,240 --> 00:11:38,120 # Now I got a move that tells me what to do... # 208 00:11:38,120 --> 00:11:41,560 It captures the sentiment of a generational change, 209 00:11:41,560 --> 00:11:45,640 where conformity is not the priority. 210 00:11:45,640 --> 00:11:47,800 # I love 211 00:11:47,800 --> 00:11:49,720 # I love to do my thing 212 00:11:49,720 --> 00:11:51,720 # Ha! 213 00:11:51,720 --> 00:11:55,080 # And I, and I don't need no-one else... # 214 00:11:55,080 --> 00:11:57,840 Black folks have finally reached a point where we're not trying to 215 00:11:57,840 --> 00:12:00,200 impress you. We don't care what you think. 216 00:12:00,200 --> 00:12:05,600 I'm in this other space here. I'm in the funk. 217 00:12:05,600 --> 00:12:10,280 The Black power movement is not about reforming the society. 218 00:12:10,280 --> 00:12:15,560 It's more about reforming the way we think and the way Black folks act. 219 00:12:15,560 --> 00:12:17,680 # I'm super bad... # 220 00:12:17,680 --> 00:12:20,560 And James said, "Boom! We're blowing all that out, 221 00:12:20,560 --> 00:12:22,760 "and y'all going to deal with it." 222 00:12:22,760 --> 00:12:25,200 And people just got exhilarated by it. 223 00:12:25,200 --> 00:12:28,240 # I got something that tells me what to do... # 224 00:12:28,240 --> 00:12:30,960 The definition for funk, it would be James Brown. 225 00:12:30,960 --> 00:12:33,960 # I got soul, uh 226 00:12:33,960 --> 00:12:35,720 # And I'm super bad... # 227 00:12:35,720 --> 00:12:38,280 Seeing James Brown do splits... 228 00:12:38,280 --> 00:12:40,240 ..spins... 229 00:12:40,240 --> 00:12:43,640 ..and him sweating onstage abundantly, 230 00:12:43,640 --> 00:12:46,560 with just wetness all over him 231 00:12:46,560 --> 00:12:48,680 was funk to me. 232 00:12:48,680 --> 00:12:50,040 # I don't give a.... # 233 00:12:51,320 --> 00:12:54,000 He is just, like, all funk. 234 00:12:54,000 --> 00:12:56,320 I don't think he could do nothing else but funk. 235 00:12:58,800 --> 00:13:01,280 Even if he was singing the Star Spangled Banner, 236 00:13:01,280 --> 00:13:02,840 it was going to be funky. 237 00:13:05,200 --> 00:13:07,320 # Gimme! # 238 00:13:07,320 --> 00:13:10,000 He was just super, super Black, you know? 239 00:13:10,000 --> 00:13:13,400 Like, a lot of people were afraid to say something to him, you know. 240 00:13:13,400 --> 00:13:16,920 I would talk to him like a normal person, you know. 241 00:13:16,920 --> 00:13:19,720 He was not normal, though. 242 00:13:19,720 --> 00:13:21,760 # I, I, I, I, I 243 00:13:21,760 --> 00:13:23,360 # I got it 244 00:13:23,360 --> 00:13:25,200 # Uh, get it! # 245 00:13:25,200 --> 00:13:27,560 What Brown took out of gospel music was the vamp, 246 00:13:27,560 --> 00:13:29,880 the idea that you're just going to stay on one chord 247 00:13:29,880 --> 00:13:32,600 and have everyone, you know... 248 00:13:32,600 --> 00:13:36,640 HE PLAYS RIFF 249 00:13:36,640 --> 00:13:38,080 It ain't going nowhere. 250 00:13:40,240 --> 00:13:43,640 HE LOOPS COUNTER RIFF 251 00:13:47,240 --> 00:13:49,160 And then you had the rhythm guitar. 252 00:13:49,160 --> 00:13:53,160 HE PLAYS CHORDS 253 00:13:56,040 --> 00:13:58,400 And that creates this whole... Oh, my God. 254 00:13:58,400 --> 00:14:00,760 HE VOCALISES HARMONY 255 00:14:02,320 --> 00:14:05,760 It's an onslaught of just, a groove. 256 00:14:05,760 --> 00:14:09,520 How do you resist such a heavy groove? 257 00:14:09,520 --> 00:14:11,440 Answer - you can't. 258 00:14:11,440 --> 00:14:14,080 # Get back, I want to do some such 259 00:14:14,080 --> 00:14:15,560 # I got soul 260 00:14:17,200 --> 00:14:18,640 # And I'm super bad 261 00:14:20,920 --> 00:14:22,640 # I got soul! 262 00:14:22,640 --> 00:14:24,280 # All right 263 00:14:24,280 --> 00:14:25,800 # And I'm super bad 264 00:14:25,800 --> 00:14:28,400 # Ah, ah! # 265 00:14:28,400 --> 00:14:34,320 There is not a lot of room for straying from the groove. 266 00:14:34,320 --> 00:14:38,360 And the only way you get that kind of cohesion, 267 00:14:38,360 --> 00:14:42,480 that kind of accuracy, that kind of tightness, 268 00:14:42,480 --> 00:14:44,160 is by rehearsing it. 269 00:14:44,160 --> 00:14:46,280 We rehearsed all the time. 270 00:14:46,280 --> 00:14:49,880 As long as he could, as often as he could, you know. 271 00:14:49,880 --> 00:14:52,160 I don't think he had anything else to do. 272 00:14:52,160 --> 00:14:55,320 HE PLAYS RIFF 273 00:14:55,320 --> 00:14:57,880 I played with James Brown. 274 00:14:57,880 --> 00:15:00,640 And, look, James Brown basically only played one chord 275 00:15:00,640 --> 00:15:03,680 for the whole song, so, you know, you just got to learn the groove. 276 00:15:03,680 --> 00:15:05,800 But come to find it wasn't as easy as that. 277 00:15:05,800 --> 00:15:07,880 I want to go to the bridge. 278 00:15:07,880 --> 00:15:10,640 Can I go to the bridge? can I go to the bridge? 279 00:15:10,640 --> 00:15:12,280 Cos I was like... 280 00:15:12,280 --> 00:15:14,720 HE PLAYS RIFF 281 00:15:14,720 --> 00:15:16,800 Can I go to the bridge? 282 00:15:16,800 --> 00:15:18,560 "Going to change to the bridge!" 283 00:15:18,560 --> 00:15:20,400 Yeah, I know I heard that time before. 284 00:15:20,400 --> 00:15:22,120 I'm going to the bridge. 285 00:15:22,120 --> 00:15:23,520 Oh, Lord, when is he going to take a breath? 286 00:15:23,520 --> 00:15:25,280 "Hit me!" 287 00:15:27,080 --> 00:15:28,920 I didn't hit it. 288 00:15:28,920 --> 00:15:31,200 And that ended my stay with James Brown. 289 00:15:31,200 --> 00:15:32,680 But it didn't matter. 290 00:15:32,680 --> 00:15:34,440 I played with James Brown. 291 00:15:39,280 --> 00:15:42,320 First concert I ever went to, my mom took me to see James Brown. 292 00:15:42,320 --> 00:15:44,000 I'll never forget. 293 00:15:44,000 --> 00:15:46,800 He had two drummers, and I don't know what that meant. 294 00:15:46,800 --> 00:15:50,240 But to me, as a 14-year-old kid, it meant, 295 00:15:50,240 --> 00:15:52,920 this is going to be so funky, he's going to wear one out! 296 00:15:52,920 --> 00:15:54,680 He needs backup! 297 00:15:56,720 --> 00:15:59,080 We were in California at the time. 298 00:15:59,080 --> 00:16:01,240 James Brown called up, and said, "Send the band over here. 299 00:16:01,240 --> 00:16:03,520 "We're going to record a tune." 300 00:16:03,520 --> 00:16:06,120 James Brown brought a bunch of kids in the studio, 301 00:16:06,120 --> 00:16:08,120 and he said, "Say it loudly." 302 00:16:08,120 --> 00:16:10,320 They said, "I'm black and I'm proud!" 303 00:16:10,320 --> 00:16:12,240 # Say it loud 304 00:16:12,240 --> 00:16:14,080 # I'm black and I'm proud! 305 00:16:14,080 --> 00:16:15,680 # Say it loud... # 306 00:16:15,680 --> 00:16:18,160 It became an anthem for the Black movement. 307 00:16:21,920 --> 00:16:23,560 It was everywhere. 308 00:16:23,560 --> 00:16:25,360 It was EVERYWHERE. 309 00:16:25,360 --> 00:16:28,080 You know, I was 14 when he came out with Say It Loud - I'm Black 310 00:16:28,080 --> 00:16:33,000 and I'm Proud, and until the day I die, it will be the most 311 00:16:33,000 --> 00:16:37,720 significant song ever for me, because it taught me Black pride. 312 00:16:39,840 --> 00:16:42,880 It just set off like fireworks, and it allowed us the ability 313 00:16:42,880 --> 00:16:47,880 to just unapologetically be who you are. 314 00:16:47,880 --> 00:16:52,720 And it's no accident that it is one of the architects of funk 315 00:16:52,720 --> 00:16:54,960 that gives us that anthem. 316 00:16:54,960 --> 00:16:58,680 Now, we demands a chance to do things by ourself. 317 00:16:58,680 --> 00:17:02,280 We're beating our heads against the wall and working for someone else. 318 00:17:02,280 --> 00:17:03,960 We're people, too. 319 00:17:03,960 --> 00:17:06,080 We're like the birds and the bees. 320 00:17:06,080 --> 00:17:09,960 But we'd rather die on our feet than keep living on our knees. 321 00:17:09,960 --> 00:17:11,920 # Say it loud! # 322 00:17:11,920 --> 00:17:14,480 It was so empowering for me. 323 00:17:14,480 --> 00:17:16,960 "Say it loud, I'm black and I'm proud!" 324 00:17:16,960 --> 00:17:20,280 You know, "I'd rather down my feet than to keep living on my knees." 325 00:17:20,280 --> 00:17:22,000 Those kind of messages. 326 00:17:22,000 --> 00:17:23,400 # Say it loud! # 327 00:17:25,200 --> 00:17:27,840 We were tired of all the repression. 328 00:17:27,840 --> 00:17:30,800 All the stay in the line, don't look up. 329 00:17:30,800 --> 00:17:33,000 You know, keep your head down. 330 00:17:33,000 --> 00:17:34,920 Be a good negro. 331 00:17:34,920 --> 00:17:37,320 Same people that are listening to Martin Luther King 332 00:17:37,320 --> 00:17:38,720 and others say... 333 00:17:38,720 --> 00:17:43,920 # We shall overcome some day... # 334 00:17:43,920 --> 00:17:47,040 ..they're listening to Amiri Baraka saying... 335 00:17:47,040 --> 00:17:50,600 # Who will survive America? 336 00:17:50,600 --> 00:17:52,720 # Very few negroes 337 00:17:52,720 --> 00:17:56,000 # No crackers at all.... # 338 00:17:56,000 --> 00:17:59,640 You had this energy of a Black revolution. 339 00:17:59,640 --> 00:18:03,160 And James Brown put it in the beats, put it in the music. 340 00:18:03,160 --> 00:18:04,920 It was on the radio. 341 00:18:04,920 --> 00:18:06,480 Say it loud! I'm Black and I'm proud! 342 00:18:06,480 --> 00:18:07,800 Go ahead, James. 343 00:18:07,800 --> 00:18:09,120 # Say it loud! # 344 00:18:09,120 --> 00:18:11,440 And folks were like, "Whoa! Give me some of this." 345 00:18:11,440 --> 00:18:13,000 # Say it loud! 346 00:18:13,000 --> 00:18:15,040 # I'm Black and I'm proud 347 00:18:15,040 --> 00:18:17,040 And you know who was singing, "I'm Black and I'm proud"? 348 00:18:17,040 --> 00:18:19,400 All those young kids. 349 00:18:19,400 --> 00:18:21,080 There's no melody. 350 00:18:21,080 --> 00:18:22,720 All you got to do is scream it. 351 00:18:22,720 --> 00:18:24,680 "I'm Black and I'm proud!" That's all you got to do. 352 00:18:24,680 --> 00:18:26,800 You want to sing along? There it is. 353 00:18:26,800 --> 00:18:28,320 # Say it loud! # 354 00:18:30,280 --> 00:18:34,560 I really felt that there was no-one in the world more important 355 00:18:34,560 --> 00:18:36,160 than James Brown. 356 00:18:36,160 --> 00:18:38,960 He was bigger than the president or kings to me. 357 00:18:38,960 --> 00:18:40,480 He really was. 358 00:18:44,320 --> 00:18:46,800 HE PLAYS BASSLINE 359 00:18:49,600 --> 00:18:52,360 That's the bassline to Doing It To Death, 360 00:18:52,360 --> 00:18:55,760 otherwise known as Gonna Have a Funky Good Time. 361 00:18:55,760 --> 00:18:57,400 And, man, that thing was so funky. 362 00:18:57,400 --> 00:18:58,640 Hit it. 363 00:19:02,160 --> 00:19:04,920 # Lookit here, ha! 364 00:19:04,920 --> 00:19:07,880 # We're gonna have a funky good time 365 00:19:09,160 --> 00:19:11,960 # We're gonna have a funky good time 366 00:19:13,800 --> 00:19:16,760 James Brown had this approach to music where... 367 00:19:16,760 --> 00:19:18,760 I call it simplexity. 368 00:19:18,760 --> 00:19:20,040 Simplexity. 369 00:19:20,040 --> 00:19:22,040 It's simple... 370 00:19:22,040 --> 00:19:24,600 ..but when you put it all together, it's complex. 371 00:19:32,000 --> 00:19:37,320 And then Fred Wesley played the funkiest trombone solo 372 00:19:37,320 --> 00:19:40,120 that ever got recorded. 373 00:19:40,120 --> 00:19:42,480 I don't think anybody's going to argue with me. 374 00:19:51,400 --> 00:19:53,480 This was a funk solo - 375 00:19:53,480 --> 00:19:56,040 and a funk solo had repetition in it. 376 00:19:58,720 --> 00:20:01,440 HE VOCALISES 377 00:20:15,080 --> 00:20:17,960 FRED PLAYS SOLO 378 00:20:23,600 --> 00:20:26,880 Everybody who hear that solo remembered it, you know. 379 00:20:26,880 --> 00:20:29,320 Somebody say, "Are you Fred Wesley?" I say, "Yeah." 380 00:20:29,320 --> 00:20:31,280 HE VOCALISES 381 00:20:31,280 --> 00:20:34,120 The first thing they say. I say, "Oh, yeah, OK, all right." 382 00:20:37,200 --> 00:20:42,560 I usually think that James Brown is one of the great musical geniuses 383 00:20:42,560 --> 00:20:44,280 of the 20th century. 384 00:20:45,640 --> 00:20:46,920 Come on! 385 00:20:46,920 --> 00:20:48,240 # Hey, hey! 386 00:20:48,240 --> 00:20:49,960 # I feel all right... # 387 00:20:49,960 --> 00:20:53,480 Because the rhythmic concept that James Brown introduced to American 388 00:20:53,480 --> 00:20:56,880 popular music basically brought the elements that we thought of 389 00:20:56,880 --> 00:20:58,880 being background into the foreground. 390 00:20:58,880 --> 00:21:01,840 And because what James Brown did was so simple - 391 00:21:01,840 --> 00:21:03,800 or at least it seemed simple - 392 00:21:03,800 --> 00:21:06,880 it's hard for people to understand that it is genius. 393 00:21:08,120 --> 00:21:09,440 # The Monkey 394 00:21:09,440 --> 00:21:10,800 # Mashed Potatoes 395 00:21:10,800 --> 00:21:12,080 # Jump Back Jack # 396 00:21:12,080 --> 00:21:13,440 # See you later, alligator.... # 397 00:21:13,440 --> 00:21:16,520 Everything in funk music is folded into percussion. 398 00:21:16,520 --> 00:21:20,680 Drums, guitar, even the vocals are folded into percussion. 399 00:21:20,680 --> 00:21:23,480 # Did you hear 400 00:21:23,480 --> 00:21:25,400 # Bout that new breed, babe? 401 00:21:25,400 --> 00:21:27,240 # All right 402 00:21:27,240 --> 00:21:29,160 # Ain't no drag 403 00:21:29,160 --> 00:21:31,600 # Ow! Papa's got a brand-new bag 404 00:21:33,920 --> 00:21:35,680 # Papa... # 405 00:21:35,680 --> 00:21:39,000 Like a Holy Grail, James Brown, he discovered the one. 406 00:21:39,000 --> 00:21:40,840 # Do the Jerk 407 00:21:40,840 --> 00:21:42,200 # Do the Twist... # 408 00:21:42,200 --> 00:21:43,960 What is the one? 409 00:21:43,960 --> 00:21:46,840 The one? The musical terminology, the one? 410 00:21:46,840 --> 00:21:49,200 I don't really know, but I know that that was the thing. 411 00:21:49,200 --> 00:21:52,160 Like, that's what Bootsy talks about, that James taught him. 412 00:21:52,160 --> 00:21:53,720 One, two, three. 413 00:21:53,720 --> 00:21:55,800 And you hit on the one. One. 414 00:21:55,800 --> 00:21:58,240 You know? One. 415 00:21:58,240 --> 00:22:00,200 Here you go. One. 416 00:22:00,200 --> 00:22:02,160 BOOTSY PLAYS BASSLINE 417 00:22:02,160 --> 00:22:03,400 And then you want to break it down. 418 00:22:03,400 --> 00:22:04,880 Break down. One. 419 00:22:04,880 --> 00:22:06,600 Two, three, four. 420 00:22:06,600 --> 00:22:08,800 ONE, two, three, four. 421 00:22:08,800 --> 00:22:10,280 BOOTSY: One. 422 00:22:11,800 --> 00:22:14,600 MARCUS PLAYS BASSLINE 423 00:22:16,640 --> 00:22:19,120 ONE, two, three, four. 424 00:22:19,120 --> 00:22:20,480 ONE, two... 425 00:22:21,800 --> 00:22:23,320 One... 426 00:22:24,960 --> 00:22:27,160 You got to keep hitting that one. 427 00:22:27,160 --> 00:22:31,520 James Brown found out that if you hit the one strong, 428 00:22:31,520 --> 00:22:34,360 that what comes after that... is funky. 429 00:22:36,520 --> 00:22:39,160 Take a song like I Don't Want Nobody to Give Me Nothing - 430 00:22:39,160 --> 00:22:43,600 Open The Door I'll Get It Myself, and James Brown's band hits... 431 00:22:43,600 --> 00:22:45,640 HE VOCALISES INTRO 432 00:22:48,480 --> 00:22:52,080 # I don't want nobody to give me nothing 433 00:22:52,080 --> 00:22:54,000 # Open up the door 434 00:22:54,000 --> 00:22:55,360 # I'll get it myself 435 00:22:56,840 --> 00:23:00,520 # I don't want nobody to give me nothing 436 00:23:00,520 --> 00:23:02,400 # Open up the door 437 00:23:02,400 --> 00:23:04,440 # I'll get it myself... # 438 00:23:05,720 --> 00:23:07,600 James Brown tapped into something. 439 00:23:07,600 --> 00:23:10,600 Like Nikola Tesla says, "There's this electricity 440 00:23:10,600 --> 00:23:13,960 "that's in the atmosphere that we can tap into it." 441 00:23:13,960 --> 00:23:15,840 Well, James Brown tapped into that. 442 00:23:18,200 --> 00:23:19,400 One. 443 00:23:20,400 --> 00:23:21,440 One. 444 00:23:22,440 --> 00:23:23,640 One. 445 00:23:24,880 --> 00:23:27,200 When you dancing, you might not be counting, 446 00:23:27,200 --> 00:23:29,200 but you know that beat's coming, 447 00:23:29,200 --> 00:23:31,400 and that's when your body, like, syncs up. 448 00:23:33,280 --> 00:23:34,400 One. 449 00:23:35,520 --> 00:23:37,120 One. 450 00:23:37,120 --> 00:23:39,720 Landing on the one does something magical. 451 00:23:39,720 --> 00:23:42,480 It literally mobilises you, 452 00:23:42,480 --> 00:23:45,080 and makes you want to shake your... something. 453 00:23:49,160 --> 00:23:50,320 # Baby! 454 00:23:51,560 --> 00:23:53,480 # Get up... 455 00:23:53,480 --> 00:23:55,880 And you feel it, you feel the concussion of it 456 00:23:55,880 --> 00:23:58,520 coming at you in a different place, 457 00:23:58,520 --> 00:24:00,800 that kicks you upside the head 458 00:24:00,800 --> 00:24:02,800 and makes you let all the funk loose. 459 00:24:02,800 --> 00:24:04,880 # Turning it loose 460 00:24:04,880 --> 00:24:06,880 # All right 461 00:24:06,880 --> 00:24:08,840 # Hey! 462 00:24:08,840 --> 00:24:10,760 # Got to have it 463 00:24:10,760 --> 00:24:12,680 # Turning it loose 464 00:24:12,680 --> 00:24:14,320 All right... # 465 00:24:14,320 --> 00:24:16,400 People like to dance, people like to move. 466 00:24:16,400 --> 00:24:19,200 When you give them something to move to, they're happy. 467 00:24:21,360 --> 00:24:23,560 # All right, come on 468 00:24:23,560 --> 00:24:25,320 # Good God, come on... # 469 00:24:25,320 --> 00:24:28,040 Why does this music make you want to dance? 470 00:24:28,040 --> 00:24:30,320 I'm trying to... 471 00:24:30,320 --> 00:24:32,240 ..in my little brain trying to figure out, 472 00:24:32,240 --> 00:24:35,040 what is it about this music that makes you want to dance? 473 00:24:41,400 --> 00:24:44,160 Listening to any music starts with vibrating air molecules 474 00:24:44,160 --> 00:24:45,720 going into our ears. 475 00:24:47,560 --> 00:24:49,840 And then it starts to go all the way up to a pathway 476 00:24:49,840 --> 00:24:52,120 that winds up on the side of the brain over here, 477 00:24:52,120 --> 00:24:54,080 and that's called the auditory cortex. 478 00:24:59,800 --> 00:25:02,520 It goes right to parts of the brain that are involved in 479 00:25:02,520 --> 00:25:03,920 motor function movement. 480 00:25:05,360 --> 00:25:07,600 When you think about what's happening in funk, 481 00:25:07,600 --> 00:25:09,280 your brain is saying, 482 00:25:09,280 --> 00:25:12,240 "OK, I'm dealing with some really interesting rhythm here." 483 00:25:13,600 --> 00:25:16,800 Your body is in tune with it, you're actually moving to it. 484 00:25:16,800 --> 00:25:19,040 It's a direct connection. 485 00:25:19,040 --> 00:25:21,880 Because of the rhythm, because of those projections to this 486 00:25:21,880 --> 00:25:24,200 motor centre, which is going to make you move your arms 487 00:25:24,200 --> 00:25:25,680 and move your legs and shake your booty. 488 00:25:25,680 --> 00:25:27,200 There's no question about it. 489 00:25:27,200 --> 00:25:29,040 # Can't get enough 490 00:25:31,400 --> 00:25:33,280 # Of that funky stuff 491 00:25:36,280 --> 00:25:39,560 Funk is kind of taking us higher, because it's driving this liking, 492 00:25:39,560 --> 00:25:43,000 wanting response that's all about feeling good. 493 00:25:43,000 --> 00:25:46,920 If you're with other people, doing an activity like dancing together, 494 00:25:46,920 --> 00:25:50,640 that turns on what's called the dopamine reward system. 495 00:25:50,640 --> 00:25:54,720 And so, when we like something, we get this not only dopamine reward, 496 00:25:54,720 --> 00:25:58,360 but something else gets triggered - endorphins. 497 00:25:58,360 --> 00:26:00,680 Endorphins are things that make you not feel pain, 498 00:26:00,680 --> 00:26:02,400 or not care about pain. 499 00:26:07,640 --> 00:26:09,960 So, when you're with a group of people experiencing something 500 00:26:09,960 --> 00:26:13,080 together like that, you can actually drive this sense of self-acceptance 501 00:26:13,080 --> 00:26:15,400 and acceptance within the group. 502 00:26:19,920 --> 00:26:23,160 You become one with the community, one with the music, 503 00:26:23,160 --> 00:26:26,800 and you give up a little bit of your own self 504 00:26:26,800 --> 00:26:30,280 in order to gain this greater thing. 505 00:26:30,280 --> 00:26:32,800 And it's completely transcendent. 506 00:26:32,800 --> 00:26:35,480 We dance as a form of communication and expression 507 00:26:35,480 --> 00:26:37,920 that is outside of language. 508 00:26:37,920 --> 00:26:42,000 It is about the carnal, the fact that we are actual human beings 509 00:26:42,000 --> 00:26:46,080 made of flesh, with fear and desire. 510 00:26:46,080 --> 00:26:48,400 And I think that's so important. 511 00:26:48,400 --> 00:26:52,720 And that's the part of us that often was neglected. 512 00:26:52,720 --> 00:26:57,320 And so, it found a home in this music that allows us 513 00:26:57,320 --> 00:27:01,080 to be desired and desirable. 514 00:27:05,520 --> 00:27:10,920 Certain rhythms have a way of putting you into a trance-like state 515 00:27:10,920 --> 00:27:14,320 or activating a kind of euphoria. 516 00:27:14,320 --> 00:27:18,440 The listener had to be exposed to these rhythms for a sustained period 517 00:27:18,440 --> 00:27:21,840 of time for the euphoria to really kick in. 518 00:27:21,840 --> 00:27:25,360 # Happy music makes you feel good 519 00:27:25,360 --> 00:27:27,400 # All the time... # 520 00:27:27,400 --> 00:27:30,240 Funk is something that takes you over. 521 00:27:30,240 --> 00:27:34,520 Most Western music is about the melody and about the song. 522 00:27:34,520 --> 00:27:36,920 But when you get to funk, 523 00:27:36,920 --> 00:27:39,920 you're talking about music based on the groove. 524 00:27:39,920 --> 00:27:42,480 Repetition of chants, repetition of riffs and grooves. 525 00:27:42,480 --> 00:27:46,400 It's like you learn at some point, oh, there's nothing wrong with that. 526 00:27:46,400 --> 00:27:47,880 That's not a shortcoming. 527 00:27:47,880 --> 00:27:49,240 That's a good thing. 528 00:27:51,000 --> 00:27:54,400 When I played in funk bands coming up, when we found the right groove, 529 00:27:54,400 --> 00:27:58,520 we would play that groove for an hour and a half. 530 00:27:58,520 --> 00:28:00,520 Nobody changes anything. 531 00:28:00,520 --> 00:28:02,600 The band leader in our group, 532 00:28:02,600 --> 00:28:04,360 when we got the groove right, 533 00:28:04,360 --> 00:28:06,560 he would say, "OK, I got to run some errands. 534 00:28:06,560 --> 00:28:09,280 "Y'all keep playing that groove till I get back." 535 00:28:09,280 --> 00:28:12,240 And then you start to discover a deeper part of yourself, man. 536 00:28:12,240 --> 00:28:14,160 You know, you just lost in it. 537 00:28:16,280 --> 00:28:18,600 MARTIN LUTHER KING: I have a dream 538 00:28:18,600 --> 00:28:22,720 that my four little children will one day live in a nation 539 00:28:22,720 --> 00:28:25,720 where they will not be judged by the colour of their skin, 540 00:28:25,720 --> 00:28:27,880 but by the content of their character. 541 00:28:27,880 --> 00:28:30,360 I have a dream today. 542 00:28:33,520 --> 00:28:34,960 # Get up 543 00:28:34,960 --> 00:28:37,760 # Dance to the music! # 544 00:28:37,760 --> 00:28:42,120 Sly and the Family Stone is the musical version of I Have a Dream. 545 00:28:42,120 --> 00:28:46,040 There's Sly, there's his brother, there's his sister. 546 00:28:46,040 --> 00:28:48,080 The white guy's the drummer. 547 00:28:48,080 --> 00:28:51,800 # Dance to the music! # 548 00:28:51,800 --> 00:28:54,360 They're all wearing these interesting kind of colours onstage. 549 00:28:54,360 --> 00:28:57,280 Sly got his Afro. It's multiracial. 550 00:28:57,280 --> 00:29:00,080 It captured what was happening in the Bay Area, that whole 551 00:29:00,080 --> 00:29:03,960 Summer Of Love vibe, but it was also deeply embedded in black music. 552 00:29:03,960 --> 00:29:06,720 # All we need is a drummer 553 00:29:06,720 --> 00:29:10,240 # The people only need a beat, yeah... # 554 00:29:10,240 --> 00:29:12,720 If you say, "All we need is a drummer," that's... 555 00:29:12,720 --> 00:29:14,880 that's African. Like...! 556 00:29:14,880 --> 00:29:16,640 All we need is a beat. 557 00:29:21,480 --> 00:29:25,080 That's a statement of not just the importance of the beat, 558 00:29:25,080 --> 00:29:27,080 but also optimism. 559 00:29:27,080 --> 00:29:28,960 Like, let's go. 560 00:29:28,960 --> 00:29:32,200 Sly and the Family stone were aspirational. 561 00:29:32,200 --> 00:29:36,600 They really wanted a future where we could all get along, 562 00:29:36,600 --> 00:29:39,040 be together, have fun. 563 00:29:39,040 --> 00:29:43,080 So, it is very much a flavour of hippie funk. 564 00:29:43,080 --> 00:29:46,080 # Dance to the music 565 00:29:46,080 --> 00:29:49,520 # We're gonna dance to the music! 566 00:29:49,520 --> 00:29:51,800 # Dance to the music... # 567 00:29:51,800 --> 00:29:56,000 James Brown was funky, in a pocket. 568 00:29:56,000 --> 00:30:00,040 Then Sly just jumped off the stage and just took it to a whole another 569 00:30:00,040 --> 00:30:02,960 psychedelic rock, funk level. 570 00:30:07,960 --> 00:30:13,640 And then when you had Larry Graham slapping the hell out of that bass, 571 00:30:13,640 --> 00:30:16,120 how could you not understand that ain't usual? 572 00:30:16,120 --> 00:30:18,240 # Dance to the music 573 00:30:20,840 --> 00:30:22,720 # All night long... # 574 00:30:24,680 --> 00:30:27,040 Bass players all around the world were like, 575 00:30:27,040 --> 00:30:29,240 "What is he doing? What's that sound?" 576 00:30:29,240 --> 00:30:31,080 We heard that, we said, "What is it?" 577 00:30:31,080 --> 00:30:34,120 We had never heard a bass like that. We weren't even sure it was a bass. 578 00:30:34,120 --> 00:30:36,560 # Mama's so happy... # 579 00:30:36,560 --> 00:30:39,680 The most revolutionary aspect of Thank You For Letting Me 580 00:30:39,680 --> 00:30:43,200 Be Myself Again is Larry Graham's right thumb. 581 00:30:43,200 --> 00:30:45,480 Larry Graham said he just kind of started using his thumb 582 00:30:45,480 --> 00:30:47,880 to kind of mimic a bass drum. 583 00:30:47,880 --> 00:30:49,920 You know... 584 00:30:49,920 --> 00:30:52,200 HE PLAYS BASSLINE 585 00:30:55,920 --> 00:30:59,360 That song was so monumental that everyone that heard that song 586 00:30:59,360 --> 00:31:02,360 rehearsed it and practised it ad nauseum. 587 00:31:05,240 --> 00:31:06,720 In their garage bands... 588 00:31:10,760 --> 00:31:12,200 ..in their high schools... 589 00:31:13,560 --> 00:31:14,960 ..amongst themselves. 590 00:31:16,440 --> 00:31:18,520 I remember going to this bass camp, 591 00:31:18,520 --> 00:31:22,880 and there were probably 50 electric bass players sitting in the room, 592 00:31:22,880 --> 00:31:25,320 and all 50 of them, you know, they were just like... 593 00:31:25,320 --> 00:31:27,920 HE SLAPS ERRATICALLY 594 00:31:30,880 --> 00:31:32,320 And I was just like... 595 00:31:33,840 --> 00:31:38,560 "Hey, erm, do any of you guys play with your fingers?" 596 00:31:38,560 --> 00:31:40,640 # Stiff all in the collar 597 00:31:43,040 --> 00:31:45,120 # Stuffy in the face... # 598 00:31:47,480 --> 00:31:51,520 Larry Graham figures out a way to take a riff, 599 00:31:51,520 --> 00:31:54,280 but to make it a feeling. 600 00:31:54,280 --> 00:31:59,280 Because he's expressing in a way that no-one's ever expressed before, 601 00:31:59,280 --> 00:32:01,400 a feeling of Blackness. 602 00:32:02,560 --> 00:32:04,320 # I want to thank you 603 00:32:04,320 --> 00:32:07,120 # For letting me be myself 604 00:32:07,120 --> 00:32:08,760 # Again 605 00:32:10,240 --> 00:32:12,040 Sly Stone changed the game. 606 00:32:12,040 --> 00:32:18,160 He gave everybody the template for incorporating soul, gospel, 607 00:32:18,160 --> 00:32:25,240 rock, jazz, joy and inclusion into funk 608 00:32:25,240 --> 00:32:28,360 that is so powerful you can't run from it. 609 00:32:28,360 --> 00:32:30,440 Sly came along. 610 00:32:30,440 --> 00:32:34,240 He became extremely pop with funk. 611 00:32:34,240 --> 00:32:38,000 I mean, his stuff was funky, but slick, clever, 612 00:32:38,000 --> 00:32:41,040 and good musicians and everything. 613 00:32:41,040 --> 00:32:44,440 Funk became the thing to do. 614 00:32:48,880 --> 00:32:52,240 # Friends, inquisitive friends 615 00:32:52,240 --> 00:32:57,240 # Are asking me what's come over me... # 616 00:32:57,240 --> 00:33:02,240 By the time we got the hit record, Testify, Motown was peaking. 617 00:33:02,240 --> 00:33:04,680 It was always about Motown to me. 618 00:33:04,680 --> 00:33:08,080 We was always trying to prove we was worthy of being with Motown. 619 00:33:09,320 --> 00:33:12,000 George Clinton is writing and producing 620 00:33:12,000 --> 00:33:14,360 and arranging for Motown acts. 621 00:33:14,360 --> 00:33:17,640 But Motown is a respectability place. 622 00:33:17,640 --> 00:33:21,360 And he realises that that's not his strength, 623 00:33:21,360 --> 00:33:25,120 and so he won't last at Motown much longer. 624 00:33:26,600 --> 00:33:29,320 You could not beat that stuff. 625 00:33:29,320 --> 00:33:31,480 Cos, I mean, you got to come up with a hit single every time 626 00:33:31,480 --> 00:33:33,360 you put a record out. 627 00:33:33,360 --> 00:33:36,040 And everybody was changing to rock and roll. 628 00:33:36,040 --> 00:33:39,120 Cause the Led Zeppelins, and the Cream, and Rolling Stones, 629 00:33:39,120 --> 00:33:41,800 all that, Beatles, they was taking over. 630 00:33:41,800 --> 00:33:44,080 So we chose funk. 631 00:33:45,960 --> 00:33:49,160 They played four nights at the Phelps Lounge. 632 00:33:49,160 --> 00:33:53,000 First night, it's the Parliaments, you know, matching suits, 633 00:33:53,000 --> 00:33:55,640 doo-wop, you know, a couple of spins, 634 00:33:55,640 --> 00:33:58,240 grabbing the microphone and, you know... 635 00:33:58,240 --> 00:33:59,600 That's what they're doing. 636 00:33:59,600 --> 00:34:01,640 We still had Motown all in us. 637 00:34:01,640 --> 00:34:05,080 But we learned that, you play Motown loud, 638 00:34:05,080 --> 00:34:08,440 it was just like playing rock and roll. 639 00:34:08,440 --> 00:34:12,560 On the last night, George Clinton goes into the bathroom, 640 00:34:12,560 --> 00:34:16,920 he puts his head in the sink to wash out the process. 641 00:34:16,920 --> 00:34:19,480 Comes out in a baby diaper. 642 00:34:21,440 --> 00:34:22,920 Well, all right! 643 00:34:22,920 --> 00:34:24,480 Starchild. 644 00:34:24,480 --> 00:34:27,080 Citizens of the Universe, Recording Angels. 645 00:34:27,080 --> 00:34:29,120 We have returned to claim the Pyramids. 646 00:34:29,120 --> 00:34:31,040 Partying on the Mothership. 647 00:34:31,040 --> 00:34:33,560 I am the Mothership Connection. 648 00:34:33,560 --> 00:34:35,720 If you hear any noise, ain't nobody but me and the boys 649 00:34:35,720 --> 00:34:37,320 out here tonight. 650 00:34:37,320 --> 00:34:40,440 We're going to turn the mother out tonight. Are you ready to get down? 651 00:34:40,440 --> 00:34:42,080 Are you ready? 652 00:34:45,320 --> 00:34:47,120 So, we're all in New York, 653 00:34:47,120 --> 00:34:48,640 and George come up to us and said, 654 00:34:48,640 --> 00:34:51,360 "Listen, man, I'm going funkadelic. 655 00:34:51,360 --> 00:34:53,360 Said, "What do you mean, funkadelic?" 656 00:34:55,000 --> 00:34:57,120 Psychedelic was the thing that was happening. 657 00:34:57,120 --> 00:34:59,880 We just threw funk and delic together. 658 00:34:59,880 --> 00:35:01,480 We became Funkadelic. 659 00:35:01,480 --> 00:35:02,960 Sing! 660 00:35:02,960 --> 00:35:06,760 # If you hear any noise it's just me and the boys 661 00:35:06,760 --> 00:35:07,920 # Hit me... # 662 00:35:09,320 --> 00:35:11,120 # You got to hit the band.... # 663 00:35:12,760 --> 00:35:17,360 I joined Parliament-Funkadelic fresh out of high school as a vocalist, 664 00:35:17,360 --> 00:35:19,200 as part of the band. 665 00:35:19,200 --> 00:35:21,320 We going to turn the motherfucker out. 666 00:35:21,320 --> 00:35:23,920 It was just sort of this hard presence that they were 667 00:35:23,920 --> 00:35:25,840 just trying to present. 668 00:35:25,840 --> 00:35:28,640 A dip in your hip and come on to the mothership... 669 00:35:28,640 --> 00:35:31,800 So you still had to be that aggressive, but also be feminine, 670 00:35:31,800 --> 00:35:34,160 which is kind of a hard thing to do. 671 00:35:34,160 --> 00:35:36,960 You know, it's like, I'm going to pump this out, 672 00:35:36,960 --> 00:35:41,000 but, you know, I still want to have my feminine side too. 673 00:35:44,840 --> 00:35:46,320 Moves that... 674 00:35:48,240 --> 00:35:50,520 Things like that, yeah. 675 00:35:52,640 --> 00:35:54,360 What do you think? 676 00:35:56,160 --> 00:35:59,200 # If you ain't gonna get it on 677 00:35:59,200 --> 00:36:01,680 # Take your dead ass home... # 678 00:36:01,680 --> 00:36:03,840 GEORGE: We started clowning. 679 00:36:03,840 --> 00:36:06,120 We went on into absurd. 680 00:36:06,120 --> 00:36:08,120 We wore diapers. 681 00:36:08,120 --> 00:36:10,640 We wore sheets, we wore wigs. 682 00:36:17,640 --> 00:36:20,680 Everybody was smoking weed, tripping on acid. 683 00:36:20,680 --> 00:36:23,400 You can just lose yourself in it, and that was the thing. 684 00:36:27,160 --> 00:36:28,720 Y'all ready to give up the funk? 685 00:36:31,560 --> 00:36:34,640 I want you to free your mind, and your ass will follow tonight. 686 00:36:36,440 --> 00:36:39,480 GEORGE: We wanted to be more than just a singing group. 687 00:36:39,480 --> 00:36:41,320 We wanted it to be a play. 688 00:36:41,320 --> 00:36:43,480 We wanted to have a funk opera. 689 00:36:43,480 --> 00:36:46,040 We had seen Pink Floyd do that. 690 00:36:46,040 --> 00:36:49,120 So we had our own mythology. 691 00:36:49,120 --> 00:36:52,000 Hey, everybody funking, and don't know.... 692 00:36:52,000 --> 00:36:55,920 Parliament-Funkadelic is like a cult. 693 00:36:57,720 --> 00:37:02,000 And it came to pass that Dr Funkenstein returned to find 694 00:37:02,000 --> 00:37:04,400 that the planet had fallen prey to the... 695 00:37:04,400 --> 00:37:09,160 It's almost like reading a comic book, but seeing it in real life. 696 00:37:13,880 --> 00:37:16,360 JEANETTE VOCALISES 697 00:37:22,880 --> 00:37:24,880 # Flash light 698 00:37:24,880 --> 00:37:26,680 # Red light... # 699 00:37:26,680 --> 00:37:29,320 If you're going to make a full sound, 700 00:37:29,320 --> 00:37:32,000 you're going to need some female vocals. 701 00:37:32,000 --> 00:37:33,840 # Most of all to funk 702 00:37:33,840 --> 00:37:36,240 # Help them find the funk 703 00:37:36,240 --> 00:37:38,040 # Most of all to funk 704 00:37:38,040 --> 00:37:40,680 # Help them find the funk... # 705 00:37:40,680 --> 00:37:45,360 It's that sauce that you put on your spaghetti that makes it better. 706 00:37:45,360 --> 00:37:47,720 # Flash light... # 707 00:37:49,640 --> 00:37:51,960 We had Bernie Worrell, 708 00:37:51,960 --> 00:37:56,000 who was classically trained keyboard player. 709 00:37:56,000 --> 00:37:59,640 Bernie could play anything on the keyboard. 710 00:37:59,640 --> 00:38:01,960 Just had the funk energy. 711 00:38:06,120 --> 00:38:08,880 But he also revolutionised funk music, 712 00:38:08,880 --> 00:38:11,880 because he would play the bass on the synthesiser. 713 00:38:11,880 --> 00:38:15,400 Which was the new sound that Emerson, Lake and Palmer, 714 00:38:15,400 --> 00:38:17,800 King Crimson used in rock and roll. 715 00:38:20,720 --> 00:38:24,720 Bernie actually was playing what he thought Larry Graham would play, 716 00:38:24,720 --> 00:38:27,400 from, you know, Sly and the Family Stone. 717 00:38:27,400 --> 00:38:30,560 He actually imitated Larry's style. 718 00:38:30,560 --> 00:38:33,200 GEORGE VOCALISES BASSLINE 719 00:38:34,960 --> 00:38:36,880 # Stop light 720 00:38:39,680 --> 00:38:42,920 Bass players just saw their whole careers just crumbling 721 00:38:42,920 --> 00:38:44,720 in front of their eyes. 722 00:38:54,640 --> 00:38:56,600 GEORGE VOCALISES 723 00:38:56,600 --> 00:38:58,080 That chant right there. 724 00:39:00,360 --> 00:39:02,320 At grade school, sixth grade, 725 00:39:02,320 --> 00:39:04,600 I had a Jewish friend, that was his bar mitzvah. 726 00:39:06,120 --> 00:39:07,640 I remember him practising... 727 00:39:07,640 --> 00:39:10,720 GEORGE VOCALISES 728 00:39:10,720 --> 00:39:13,680 And it just stuck with me... 729 00:39:13,680 --> 00:39:16,480 So, when I got that groove and stuck that in, 730 00:39:16,480 --> 00:39:19,440 and not thinking about it, but it just fitted. 731 00:39:23,360 --> 00:39:27,600 I was on a city bus one day, and Flash Light was out. 732 00:39:27,600 --> 00:39:30,400 People rocking boom boxes. 733 00:39:30,400 --> 00:39:33,640 And, you know, Flash Light comes on, and everybody on the bus 734 00:39:33,640 --> 00:39:36,000 starts jamming. 735 00:39:36,000 --> 00:39:39,920 And the bus turns into, like, this, you know, mobile disco. 736 00:39:45,080 --> 00:39:48,120 And, I mean, shit, even the driver was grooving to it. 737 00:39:48,120 --> 00:39:50,640 The song instantly created a commonality amongst 738 00:39:50,640 --> 00:39:53,280 all the riders on that bus. 739 00:39:58,160 --> 00:40:01,480 As a people in this country that really didn't allow us 740 00:40:01,480 --> 00:40:05,160 to express any emotions whatsoever, 741 00:40:05,160 --> 00:40:07,760 music was our therapy. 742 00:40:07,760 --> 00:40:10,360 And so, when they say, like, funk is freedom, 743 00:40:10,360 --> 00:40:12,520 that's what they're talking about. 744 00:40:24,160 --> 00:40:27,080 I'm of the opinion black people have always been funky. 745 00:40:27,080 --> 00:40:29,400 You know, black people have always been funky. 746 00:40:32,520 --> 00:40:34,400 It's in our DNA. 747 00:40:34,400 --> 00:40:37,800 Whether it's music, whether it's fashion, whether it's art. 748 00:40:37,800 --> 00:40:42,320 There's always a heavy dosage of funk in it 749 00:40:42,320 --> 00:40:46,080 when it's in the hands of black people. 750 00:40:47,440 --> 00:40:49,280 # We got the funk 751 00:40:49,280 --> 00:40:51,320 # We got the funk, yeah 752 00:40:51,320 --> 00:40:53,200 # We got the funk 753 00:40:53,200 --> 00:40:55,280 # We got the funk, yeah 754 00:40:55,280 --> 00:40:58,080 # We got the funk 755 00:40:58,080 --> 00:40:59,920 # We got the funk, yeah 756 00:40:59,920 --> 00:41:01,720 # We got the funk 757 00:41:01,720 --> 00:41:04,000 # We got the funk, yeah... # 758 00:41:04,000 --> 00:41:07,000 I mean, you had to be funky just coming here 759 00:41:07,000 --> 00:41:10,440 under those conditions and everything, and surviving. 760 00:41:10,440 --> 00:41:13,560 Black people have had to continuously make something 761 00:41:13,560 --> 00:41:16,120 out of nothing, to make something not just necessary, 762 00:41:16,120 --> 00:41:18,320 but to make something fly! 763 00:41:18,320 --> 00:41:22,480 Rock and roll, jazz, hip-hop. 764 00:41:22,480 --> 00:41:26,280 It is the innate funkiness that's passed down within us. 765 00:41:26,280 --> 00:41:30,280 That is the DNA of who black people 766 00:41:30,280 --> 00:41:32,200 have always been. 767 00:41:39,760 --> 00:41:43,920 The way black people express themselves in funky music, 768 00:41:43,920 --> 00:41:48,000 they also express themselves to Jesus the same way, you know? 769 00:41:58,160 --> 00:42:01,160 It's a spirit that gets in you. 770 00:42:01,160 --> 00:42:04,000 It's secular and it's spiritual. 771 00:42:07,240 --> 00:42:09,720 That's the way black people express themselves. 772 00:42:09,720 --> 00:42:11,520 You know, you just let it all out. 773 00:42:18,760 --> 00:42:21,640 We come to church, and we find a way to tarry with God, 774 00:42:21,640 --> 00:42:23,880 but also to tarry with each other. 775 00:42:25,480 --> 00:42:28,520 And you could let the hard edges of life fade and grow soft 776 00:42:28,520 --> 00:42:31,040 for a moment. 777 00:42:31,040 --> 00:42:33,400 And there's something incredibly cathartic about sharing 778 00:42:33,400 --> 00:42:35,320 that burden with each other. 779 00:42:37,560 --> 00:42:40,000 And so funk is doing the same thing. 780 00:42:40,000 --> 00:42:42,800 It's giving people a Saturday night that they can go to 781 00:42:42,800 --> 00:42:45,280 and they can tarry together. 782 00:42:45,280 --> 00:42:47,560 You know, it's that constant Saturday night, 783 00:42:47,560 --> 00:42:50,000 Sunday morning relationship. 784 00:42:52,720 --> 00:42:55,760 HE PLAYS VAMP 785 00:42:57,480 --> 00:43:00,080 You've got these secular styles that are sometimes 786 00:43:00,080 --> 00:43:03,920 prohibited in those sacred spaces. 787 00:43:03,920 --> 00:43:08,600 There's a lot of borrowings, where secular traditions 788 00:43:08,600 --> 00:43:11,800 are borrowing from gospel. 789 00:43:11,800 --> 00:43:15,280 And you see elements of funk beginning to rise, 790 00:43:15,280 --> 00:43:17,680 but it's not fully funkified. 791 00:43:19,440 --> 00:43:21,080 # Woo! 792 00:43:21,080 --> 00:43:22,960 # GP! 793 00:43:22,960 --> 00:43:25,280 # Lately, I've been going through some things 794 00:43:25,280 --> 00:43:27,000 # That's really got me... # 795 00:43:27,000 --> 00:43:29,440 But when Kirk Franklin came up with that song, Stomp, 796 00:43:29,440 --> 00:43:33,280 it was like, well, the church house is the funk house. 797 00:43:33,280 --> 00:43:34,320 # Now you know 798 00:43:34,320 --> 00:43:36,080 # Glory, glory... 799 00:43:36,080 --> 00:43:37,840 And of course it always was. 800 00:43:37,840 --> 00:43:41,440 It gave us a way to explore our funkiness inside a spiritual 801 00:43:41,440 --> 00:43:44,120 practice and spiritual deliverance. 802 00:43:44,120 --> 00:43:46,800 # Makes me clap my hands 803 00:43:46,800 --> 00:43:48,680 # Makes me want to dance 804 00:43:48,680 --> 00:43:50,320 # And stomp 805 00:43:50,320 --> 00:43:52,360 # Oh, you put them hands together 806 00:43:52,360 --> 00:43:54,400 # And have a Holy Ghost party with me. # 807 00:43:54,400 --> 00:43:57,440 You just take the George Clinton sample. 808 00:43:58,640 --> 00:44:01,960 # So I can't get around it.... # 809 00:44:01,960 --> 00:44:04,200 HE PLAYS CHORDS 810 00:44:05,280 --> 00:44:07,760 # Can I get a witness up in here? 811 00:44:09,680 --> 00:44:12,080 KIRK: So, you know, that's what brings the funk. 812 00:44:18,280 --> 00:44:19,640 It ain't over. 813 00:44:20,760 --> 00:44:22,120 It ain't over, you know? 814 00:44:24,440 --> 00:44:30,040 What makes funk gospel is when gospel begins to add chords 815 00:44:30,040 --> 00:44:34,000 that are intentional to affect emotion 816 00:44:34,000 --> 00:44:35,160 Like... 817 00:44:35,160 --> 00:44:36,640 # We want the funk.... # 818 00:44:36,640 --> 00:44:37,840 It's right there. 819 00:44:37,840 --> 00:44:40,760 HE VOCALISES 820 00:44:40,760 --> 00:44:42,120 Right? That's funk. 821 00:44:43,240 --> 00:44:44,760 Gospel go... 822 00:44:48,440 --> 00:44:49,880 You know? 823 00:44:49,880 --> 00:44:51,840 See, that's what gospel did to funk. 824 00:44:51,840 --> 00:44:53,520 Like, it lifted it, 825 00:44:53,520 --> 00:44:55,520 and then it made it back stanky again. 826 00:44:55,520 --> 00:44:58,120 You lift it, and you make it back stanky again. 827 00:44:58,120 --> 00:45:02,040 With funk, it is forever stanky. 828 00:45:07,840 --> 00:45:11,000 I remember being a young boy, 829 00:45:11,000 --> 00:45:14,040 and going to Black choir musicals. 830 00:45:14,040 --> 00:45:17,200 HE PLAYS CHORDS 831 00:45:29,720 --> 00:45:31,880 You a little boy hearing that. 832 00:45:31,880 --> 00:45:34,560 I mean, what else is that going to be but funk? 833 00:45:42,440 --> 00:45:46,520 I got all my musical education from the church, honestly. 834 00:45:46,520 --> 00:45:48,440 I'm a Pentecostal minister's son. 835 00:45:48,440 --> 00:45:51,840 And, incidentally, I found this chord called the seventh chord. 836 00:45:51,840 --> 00:45:54,080 It's a dominant seventh chord. 837 00:45:54,080 --> 00:45:56,920 That's the one that got me in trouble in church, 838 00:45:56,920 --> 00:45:58,760 because when I would play... 839 00:46:00,240 --> 00:46:02,560 # Bringing in the sheep 840 00:46:02,560 --> 00:46:04,520 # Bringing in the sheep... # 841 00:46:04,520 --> 00:46:06,080 Pages. 842 00:46:06,080 --> 00:46:07,800 But then I learned the seventh. 843 00:46:07,800 --> 00:46:09,760 HE PLAYS CHORDS 844 00:46:09,760 --> 00:46:14,400 # Bringing in the sheep 845 00:46:14,400 --> 00:46:16,360 # We were... # 846 00:46:16,360 --> 00:46:19,440 Miss Gonzalez, "Carlito, that's not Christian music. 847 00:46:19,440 --> 00:46:20,960 "That's the devil's music." 848 00:46:20,960 --> 00:46:22,240 "Devil's music?" 849 00:46:22,240 --> 00:46:24,640 Once they started labelling the seventh chord as the devil's music, 850 00:46:24,640 --> 00:46:26,320 I knew I was in trouble. 851 00:46:36,800 --> 00:46:41,320 A bass player that played at a local church is probably the same 852 00:46:41,320 --> 00:46:44,120 bass player that played in a local funk band. 853 00:46:44,120 --> 00:46:46,120 But the thing about the local funk band, 854 00:46:46,120 --> 00:46:48,600 they had to pay for a space to rehearse. 855 00:46:48,600 --> 00:46:50,760 They had to pay for sound, they had to pay for this thing. 856 00:46:50,760 --> 00:46:53,760 Where in the church, you had a place where you could shred 857 00:46:53,760 --> 00:46:56,040 almost every time you got together, 858 00:46:56,040 --> 00:46:59,440 and you also had a captivated audience. 859 00:47:05,360 --> 00:47:07,560 And if you're doing good, they standing up. 860 00:47:07,560 --> 00:47:09,200 "Oh, play, Tyre!" 861 00:47:09,200 --> 00:47:11,640 You know, "Play, Raekwon!" 862 00:47:11,640 --> 00:47:13,760 And now you know if you're killing, 863 00:47:13,760 --> 00:47:17,760 it's because in the church there's no barrier. 864 00:47:17,760 --> 00:47:20,600 There's no barrier for the response and for the, 865 00:47:20,600 --> 00:47:22,200 and getting to know if you can. 866 00:47:22,200 --> 00:47:24,640 There's going to be some young musicians over there talking about, 867 00:47:24,640 --> 00:47:26,480 "Ooh! Ooh!" 868 00:47:32,800 --> 00:47:36,440 In real time, you know if you funky or not. 869 00:47:36,440 --> 00:47:39,680 In real time, you know if you dope or not. 870 00:47:39,680 --> 00:47:41,240 # Swing down, sweet chariot 871 00:47:41,240 --> 00:47:44,000 # Stop and let me ride... # 872 00:47:44,000 --> 00:47:46,000 # Swing down, sweet chariot 873 00:47:46,000 --> 00:47:48,920 # Stop and let me ride 874 00:47:50,720 --> 00:47:54,560 Swing Down Sweet Chariot has a history that goes back 875 00:47:54,560 --> 00:47:57,680 to the spiritual - Swing Low, Sweet Chariot - 876 00:47:57,680 --> 00:48:01,160 but its reinterpretation by Parliament-Funkadelic 877 00:48:01,160 --> 00:48:04,440 puts funk in a spiritual context. 878 00:48:04,440 --> 00:48:07,080 # Everybody, swing down 879 00:48:07,080 --> 00:48:10,000 We had a band that everybody was straight out of the church, 880 00:48:10,000 --> 00:48:13,360 so there was overabundance of gospel in our songs. 881 00:48:13,360 --> 00:48:16,240 Even though we were singing songs about smoking weed, 882 00:48:16,240 --> 00:48:19,680 the overall feeling in it was always gospel. 883 00:48:19,680 --> 00:48:22,320 Our show is always gospel, even when it's being silly. 884 00:48:25,520 --> 00:48:28,320 Having that as a backdrop, having the Jimi Hendrix, 885 00:48:28,320 --> 00:48:32,280 James Brown as the other side of it, 886 00:48:32,280 --> 00:48:34,440 oh, it was blacker than black. 887 00:48:36,760 --> 00:48:38,680 We would be in this groove. 888 00:48:38,680 --> 00:48:40,680 You know, so we're there for a little while. 889 00:48:40,680 --> 00:48:42,200 And then Glenn would come in. 890 00:48:42,200 --> 00:48:43,760 # Do you want to ride... 891 00:48:43,760 --> 00:48:46,520 # Do you want to ride? 892 00:48:46,520 --> 00:48:49,520 # Do you want to ride tonight? 893 00:48:49,520 --> 00:48:51,960 If you were in church, you were singing to bring down 894 00:48:51,960 --> 00:48:53,680 the Holy Spirit. 895 00:48:53,680 --> 00:48:57,440 But they were singing to bring down a mothership. 896 00:49:03,440 --> 00:49:06,480 You're tuned into something ancient. 897 00:49:09,000 --> 00:49:11,560 And yet it's moving YOU into the future. 898 00:49:20,440 --> 00:49:24,120 Parliament-Funkadelic took their world into space 899 00:49:24,120 --> 00:49:27,200 and, at the time of what we call the great Space Race, 900 00:49:27,200 --> 00:49:31,480 the idea of going into space still felt very much like science fiction. 901 00:49:31,480 --> 00:49:33,600 Look, another one of those spaceships. 902 00:49:33,600 --> 00:49:36,160 All of this happening while you have people on Earth 903 00:49:36,160 --> 00:49:38,520 just trying to get basic rights. 904 00:49:38,520 --> 00:49:41,720 How come I ain't got no money here, and whitey is on the moon? 905 00:49:41,720 --> 00:49:43,840 And so, it became this irony. 906 00:49:43,840 --> 00:49:48,640 And yet, the idea of going into space was such an inspiration. 907 00:49:48,640 --> 00:49:51,360 Funk is a way to think about somewhere else. 908 00:49:51,360 --> 00:49:54,440 Like, here isn't really working. How could I be somewhere else? 909 00:49:54,440 --> 00:49:56,920 # Take me to your place in space 910 00:49:58,280 --> 00:50:01,280 # I'm sick and tired of the rat race... # 911 00:50:01,280 --> 00:50:04,080 So, when we get to all the interplanetary narratives, 912 00:50:04,080 --> 00:50:07,320 we're taken away from here and now towards somewhere else. 913 00:50:07,320 --> 00:50:09,680 # I'll take you out to see the place 914 00:50:11,520 --> 00:50:14,800 # Where the man in the moon has a smiling face... # 915 00:50:14,800 --> 00:50:17,320 What if we just had our own planet systems? 916 00:50:17,320 --> 00:50:19,760 What if we just claimed coming from other places 917 00:50:19,760 --> 00:50:22,280 so that we could be free? 918 00:50:22,280 --> 00:50:25,120 Then we could build the worlds we want to see. 919 00:50:25,120 --> 00:50:29,840 I am Sun Ra, ambassador from the intergalactic regions 920 00:50:29,840 --> 00:50:34,080 of the Council of Outer Space. 921 00:50:35,960 --> 00:50:39,960 # Come along and ride on a fantastic voyage 922 00:50:41,520 --> 00:50:43,800 # To the land of funk... # 923 00:50:46,600 --> 00:50:49,480 You're literally riding in a ship going somewhere, 924 00:50:49,480 --> 00:50:53,440 and I think that's a metaphor for how people perceive the power 925 00:50:53,440 --> 00:50:56,240 of funk, that it could actually transport you. 926 00:50:56,240 --> 00:50:58,000 It could beam you. 927 00:50:58,000 --> 00:51:00,040 Captain, someone has activated the transporter mechanism. 928 00:51:00,040 --> 00:51:02,800 Fire phasers. 929 00:51:02,800 --> 00:51:05,320 That was the thing playing out of this world. 930 00:51:07,640 --> 00:51:09,800 Jimi Hendrix, to me, was that. 931 00:51:09,800 --> 00:51:12,560 You know, was taking music out of space. 932 00:51:14,960 --> 00:51:17,880 If you go back to the sci-fi of the early 20th century, 933 00:51:17,880 --> 00:51:19,680 there were no black people. 934 00:51:19,680 --> 00:51:22,400 Whereas after George Clinton and Earth, Wind and Fire 935 00:51:22,400 --> 00:51:26,160 started injecting us into the future, you started to see 936 00:51:26,160 --> 00:51:29,760 Lando Calrissian, you know, in The Empire Strikes Back. 937 00:51:29,760 --> 00:51:32,600 You've got a lot of guts coming here after what you pulled. 938 00:51:34,000 --> 00:51:36,440 Afrofuturism was about saying, 939 00:51:36,440 --> 00:51:38,560 "We're going to build ourself out of new cloth. 940 00:51:38,560 --> 00:51:40,600 "We're going to come from outer space. 941 00:51:40,600 --> 00:51:45,520 "We're not going to root ourselves in the history of violence 942 00:51:45,520 --> 00:51:47,920 "and stripping of personhood. 943 00:51:47,920 --> 00:51:50,080 "We're going to recreate ourselves anew. 944 00:51:50,080 --> 00:51:52,520 "We are the new man, the new woman." 945 00:51:52,520 --> 00:51:55,200 # Check it out, check it out 946 00:51:55,200 --> 00:51:58,080 # Check it out, check it out, oh 947 00:51:58,080 --> 00:52:01,040 # Check it out, check it out 948 00:52:01,040 --> 00:52:04,760 # Check it out, check it out Oh... # 949 00:52:09,240 --> 00:52:12,800 And now you have Labelle and their transformation, 950 00:52:12,800 --> 00:52:15,320 going from this girl group and then, all of a sudden, 951 00:52:15,320 --> 00:52:18,040 they had these amazing costumes 952 00:52:18,040 --> 00:52:22,280 and they're singing about quasars and stars afar. 953 00:52:28,360 --> 00:52:30,360 We started as the Bluebelles. 954 00:52:30,360 --> 00:52:33,440 It was like a lot of girl groups - the Chantels, the Shirelles, 955 00:52:33,440 --> 00:52:35,000 the Ronettes. 956 00:52:42,360 --> 00:52:46,640 And it was like nice dresses and bouffants. 957 00:52:46,640 --> 00:52:51,440 And it felt innocent, in terms of like you were singing, you know, 958 00:52:51,440 --> 00:52:55,640 about love, and about dating, and boys, and going to the beach. 959 00:52:55,640 --> 00:52:59,000 But inside of us, we had been different from 960 00:52:59,000 --> 00:53:00,800 other girl groups anyway. 961 00:53:02,480 --> 00:53:06,040 And now we were presenting to an audience something 962 00:53:06,040 --> 00:53:08,320 that they hadn't seen before. 963 00:53:09,600 --> 00:53:11,880 # Voulez-vous coucher avec moi ce soir? 964 00:53:13,160 --> 00:53:15,560 # Voulez-vous coucher avec moi? 965 00:53:16,960 --> 00:53:21,160 # He sat in her boudoir while she freshened up... # 966 00:53:21,160 --> 00:53:23,560 And I think that first phrase set it up. 967 00:53:23,560 --> 00:53:27,760 # Hey sister, go sister, soul sister, go sister 968 00:53:27,760 --> 00:53:30,160 # Hey sister, go sister 969 00:53:30,160 --> 00:53:32,080 # Ooh... # 970 00:53:32,080 --> 00:53:33,520 # Go sister 971 00:53:35,520 --> 00:53:37,160 # Soul sister 972 00:53:43,000 --> 00:53:46,160 For me to get your attention, I've got to really do something 973 00:53:46,160 --> 00:53:48,880 to move you to where I am. 974 00:53:48,880 --> 00:53:51,360 To take you to a different place. 975 00:53:54,160 --> 00:53:56,880 If you are chained to the bottom of a boat, 976 00:53:56,880 --> 00:53:59,480 you have to have hope, 977 00:53:59,480 --> 00:54:03,360 an idea of a future, to survive. 978 00:54:03,360 --> 00:54:06,520 So, to me, that is the core, 979 00:54:06,520 --> 00:54:10,320 that is the seed of Afrofuturism, 980 00:54:10,320 --> 00:54:15,840 is that I can see a future beyond the bottom of this boat. 981 00:54:15,840 --> 00:54:20,120 # More, more, more! 982 00:54:20,120 --> 00:54:22,240 # Getcha, getcha, ya ya, da da... # 983 00:54:28,040 --> 00:54:32,480 In the late '40s and early '50s, there was the great migration 984 00:54:32,480 --> 00:54:36,320 of black folk leaving the south. 985 00:54:36,320 --> 00:54:39,160 Escaping the south. 986 00:54:39,160 --> 00:54:42,560 A lot of families moved from the south to the north 987 00:54:42,560 --> 00:54:47,440 because they saw a future in the north that they necessarily 988 00:54:47,440 --> 00:54:50,200 wouldn't have down south. 989 00:54:50,200 --> 00:54:53,040 It was about building something new, 990 00:54:53,040 --> 00:54:55,600 and they could see that in the north. 991 00:54:55,600 --> 00:54:59,120 # Gonna tell the story of morning glory 992 00:54:59,120 --> 00:55:02,160 # All about the serpentine fire... # 993 00:55:02,160 --> 00:55:04,960 The funk capital of the world... 994 00:55:04,960 --> 00:55:07,400 At first, I used to think it was, like, Detroit. 995 00:55:07,400 --> 00:55:11,000 # Walking down the street watching ladies go by 996 00:55:11,000 --> 00:55:12,800 # Watching you... # 997 00:55:14,640 --> 00:55:18,160 The funk capital of the US is New Orleans. 998 00:55:18,160 --> 00:55:19,720 Maybe DC? 999 00:55:19,720 --> 00:55:21,440 But maybe it was Texas? 1000 00:55:21,440 --> 00:55:23,080 Cincinnati. 1001 00:55:23,080 --> 00:55:24,360 # Said hold it tight 1002 00:55:24,360 --> 00:55:26,720 # Got to keep on dancing... # 1003 00:55:26,720 --> 00:55:28,480 Dayton, Ohio. 1004 00:55:28,480 --> 00:55:30,960 Certainly, Ohio. 1005 00:55:30,960 --> 00:55:32,960 I would have to say Ohio. 1006 00:55:32,960 --> 00:55:34,760 Somewhere in Ohio. 1007 00:55:34,760 --> 00:55:38,720 Have to be in Ohio, cos more funky bands come out of Ohio 1008 00:55:38,720 --> 00:55:41,040 than anywhere else in the world. 1009 00:55:51,320 --> 00:55:53,600 Thousands of people left the south, 1010 00:55:53,600 --> 00:55:57,360 and many of them settled in these industrial cities in the Midwest. 1011 00:56:04,520 --> 00:56:07,840 We also have a time in American funding of education 1012 00:56:07,840 --> 00:56:10,400 where you have music programmes. 1013 00:56:10,400 --> 00:56:14,640 We were still a country where a kid, especially a black kid, 1014 00:56:14,640 --> 00:56:17,800 could go to their public school, their public school had a band. 1015 00:56:17,800 --> 00:56:19,800 They could be handed an instrument. 1016 00:56:19,800 --> 00:56:21,960 You're going to seventh period like, 1017 00:56:21,960 --> 00:56:24,160 "I'll play that one. That looks interesting." 1018 00:56:24,160 --> 00:56:26,400 It was required - it wasn't optional - 1019 00:56:26,400 --> 00:56:28,040 you have to learn an instrument. 1020 00:56:32,200 --> 00:56:36,080 Most of those people came up to work industrial jobs, factory jobs. 1021 00:56:36,080 --> 00:56:39,040 That means they could own homes, they could have garages. 1022 00:56:39,040 --> 00:56:41,680 That means the kids could rehearse in basements. 1023 00:56:41,680 --> 00:56:43,800 And that helped the music flourish. 1024 00:56:43,800 --> 00:56:47,080 Now they're making enough money to afford instruments. 1025 00:56:47,080 --> 00:56:50,960 That's why you get this hotbed of funk music, 1026 00:56:50,960 --> 00:56:54,000 cos funk really depends on instruments. 1027 00:56:54,000 --> 00:56:56,760 And everybody was in a band. 1028 00:56:56,760 --> 00:56:58,760 I was in three bands. 1029 00:56:58,760 --> 00:57:03,560 And so, like, these huge bands came out of this region. 1030 00:57:03,560 --> 00:57:05,520 # When you're hot you're hot 1031 00:57:05,520 --> 00:57:07,240 # You really shoot your shot 1032 00:57:07,240 --> 00:57:09,320 # You're dynamite, child 1033 00:57:09,320 --> 00:57:11,400 # Yeah... # 1034 00:57:11,400 --> 00:57:14,280 The proximity of these cities are important. 1035 00:57:14,280 --> 00:57:17,640 You can get from Dayton to some other place in Ohio, Cincinnati 1036 00:57:17,640 --> 00:57:19,720 in a short period of time. 1037 00:57:19,720 --> 00:57:23,120 You can get from Detroit and Chicago in a short period of time. 1038 00:57:23,120 --> 00:57:26,200 If you got 18 dudes in the band, instead of 18 airline tickets, 1039 00:57:26,200 --> 00:57:29,280 you just putting them all on a bus. 1040 00:57:29,280 --> 00:57:33,080 So, the Midwest becomes this incubator for funk music. 1041 00:57:33,080 --> 00:57:36,040 We don't have funk as we understand it now without what's popping 1042 00:57:36,040 --> 00:57:38,320 in the Midwest in the late '60s and early '70s. 1043 00:57:46,200 --> 00:57:48,920 Nobody's really thinking about Minneapolis 1044 00:57:48,920 --> 00:57:50,880 until Prince comes along. 1045 00:57:52,880 --> 00:57:56,200 # Aristocrats on a mountain climb... # 1046 00:57:56,200 --> 00:57:59,880 He has such a strong vision at such a young age 1047 00:57:59,880 --> 00:58:02,400 of what this music could be. 1048 00:58:02,400 --> 00:58:07,360 He becomes the centre of that very identifiable 1049 00:58:07,360 --> 00:58:10,880 Minneapolis funk sound. 1050 00:58:10,880 --> 00:58:13,960 # America, America 1051 00:58:13,960 --> 00:58:17,320 # God shed His grace on thee 1052 00:58:17,320 --> 00:58:22,080 # America, America... # 1053 00:58:22,080 --> 00:58:27,160 Prince at his root was a Midwestern funk artist. 1054 00:58:27,160 --> 00:58:29,880 He grew up listening to the Ohio players - 1055 00:58:29,880 --> 00:58:33,840 James Brown, all of the major players. 1056 00:58:33,840 --> 00:58:38,520 He's citing funk, even as he's building his own musical world. 1057 00:58:38,520 --> 00:58:41,600 He's citing these bands and these artists who've come before him. 1058 00:58:41,600 --> 00:58:46,400 So, you see the direct lineage and flow through what will become 1059 00:58:46,400 --> 00:58:49,280 his own incredible career. 1060 00:58:52,280 --> 00:58:54,920 The Minneapolis sound is Midwest funk. 1061 00:58:54,920 --> 00:58:57,680 Cos all these bands are coming through that a young Prince 1062 00:58:57,680 --> 00:59:00,720 is being exposed to, and he's like, "Yeah, we can do this too." 1063 00:59:04,000 --> 00:59:09,280 Prince becomes the conduit to think about modern funk, in one way, 1064 00:59:09,280 --> 00:59:12,240 but not forgetting the innovators who came before him. 1065 00:59:19,520 --> 00:59:23,640 The hair, the splits, the mic work... 1066 00:59:23,640 --> 00:59:26,200 Yeah, I definitely consider Prince funky. 1067 00:59:26,200 --> 00:59:28,720 I mean, how could he not be funky? 1068 00:59:30,400 --> 00:59:33,360 Prince realises the power of taboo, 1069 00:59:33,360 --> 00:59:37,120 the power of titillation, salaciousness. 1070 00:59:38,520 --> 00:59:42,600 Prince had the sound of the present, and took the sound of the past, 1071 00:59:42,600 --> 00:59:46,640 and refiltered it into the sound of tomorrow. 1072 00:59:54,560 --> 00:59:58,120 Africa has always been a pretty big consumer 1073 00:59:58,120 --> 01:00:00,560 of American popular music. 1074 01:00:00,560 --> 01:00:03,640 Soul music started to get pumped in consistently, 1075 01:00:03,640 --> 01:00:06,440 and it's something that took off like nothing else had ever had. 1076 01:00:08,800 --> 01:00:12,920 Many African countries, they gained their independence in the 1960s. 1077 01:00:12,920 --> 01:00:16,600 At that time, Africa was looking for an identity for itself 1078 01:00:16,600 --> 01:00:19,680 coming out of colonialism. 1079 01:00:19,680 --> 01:00:22,160 Funk showed a new form of Blackness, 1080 01:00:22,160 --> 01:00:25,040 a way you could be black in the modern world. 1081 01:00:27,800 --> 01:00:30,960 Well, James, it seems like we are going back home. 1082 01:00:30,960 --> 01:00:33,240 Yeah, after such a long time. 1083 01:00:33,240 --> 01:00:37,760 We finally...got our heads together. 1084 01:00:37,760 --> 01:00:41,280 Every little band in Kinshasa and Zaire 1085 01:00:41,280 --> 01:00:43,720 is playing the James Brown beat. 1086 01:00:43,720 --> 01:00:47,040 Now, it's a total, total, total French-speaking country, 1087 01:00:47,040 --> 01:00:50,440 and it's saying every one of your lyrics in English. 1088 01:00:50,440 --> 01:00:53,240 Now, that says a whole lot for me. 1089 01:00:53,240 --> 01:00:55,960 It says that we're not coming... 1090 01:00:55,960 --> 01:00:58,280 We're there. Black is here. 1091 01:01:00,960 --> 01:01:02,760 # Welcome, James Brown, to Nigeria 1092 01:01:05,520 --> 01:01:08,400 # We Nigerians, we are proud of you... # 1093 01:01:09,760 --> 01:01:12,880 In Lagos, James Brown was mobbed. 1094 01:01:16,360 --> 01:01:19,400 Right from the airport, people running beside his car 1095 01:01:19,400 --> 01:01:21,600 all the way to the hotel. 1096 01:01:21,600 --> 01:01:24,840 This is James Brown, and I'm looking forward to meeting 1097 01:01:24,840 --> 01:01:27,240 all the Nigerian cats during my tour! 1098 01:01:30,480 --> 01:01:32,480 People didn't have to understand the words. 1099 01:01:32,480 --> 01:01:36,440 They understood the emotions that were embedded in those wails, 1100 01:01:36,440 --> 01:01:39,360 the screams, the grunts. 1101 01:01:39,360 --> 01:01:44,200 Soul brother one, James Brown! 1102 01:01:44,200 --> 01:01:47,560 James Brown was so popular across Africa because his music 1103 01:01:47,560 --> 01:01:51,720 really bought out the Africanist qualities in African-American music. 1104 01:01:53,800 --> 01:01:55,880 I always wanted to go to Africa, 1105 01:01:55,880 --> 01:01:58,520 because I want to know where my soul come from, the heritage. 1106 01:01:58,520 --> 01:02:00,560 I want to know where it really started. 1107 01:02:00,560 --> 01:02:02,440 I have so much in common. 1108 01:02:02,440 --> 01:02:04,520 My music even got the drum syncopation, 1109 01:02:04,520 --> 01:02:06,800 the movements and the sound. 1110 01:02:06,800 --> 01:02:09,640 People looked at James Brown as if he was an African. 1111 01:02:09,640 --> 01:02:12,120 People really felt that he was one of their own. 1112 01:02:14,720 --> 01:02:17,640 There were lots of African imitators of James Brown, 1113 01:02:17,640 --> 01:02:19,800 and they tried to get that feeling. 1114 01:02:19,800 --> 01:02:22,440 Some of them even tried to sing and scream like James Brown. 1115 01:02:24,240 --> 01:02:27,280 But it was really Fela Kuti, in Nigeria, who kind of took that 1116 01:02:27,280 --> 01:02:30,320 James Brown influence, internalised it, 1117 01:02:30,320 --> 01:02:32,360 and pushed everything to the next level. 1118 01:02:38,560 --> 01:02:43,200 Fela saw James Brown, and was blown away. 1119 01:02:43,200 --> 01:02:48,200 But at the same time, he was coming from that rich foundation 1120 01:02:48,200 --> 01:02:52,160 of Juju music and Yoruba traditional music. 1121 01:03:06,400 --> 01:03:09,240 Fela had been in the United States. 1122 01:03:09,240 --> 01:03:11,920 He had been in Oakland, he'd seen the rise of the Black Panthers 1123 01:03:11,920 --> 01:03:14,720 and others in Oakland. 1124 01:03:14,720 --> 01:03:17,760 So he was aware of what was going on here. 1125 01:03:17,760 --> 01:03:21,840 But he intentionally went back to Nigeria and decided, 1126 01:03:21,840 --> 01:03:24,280 "We're going to do it our own way." 1127 01:03:33,760 --> 01:03:36,560 At the end of the '60s and the beginning of '70s, 1128 01:03:36,560 --> 01:03:40,240 he blew up in a whole new way when he invented this style of music 1129 01:03:40,240 --> 01:03:41,960 called Afrobeat. 1130 01:03:47,000 --> 01:03:49,920 They called him the James Brown of Africa. 1131 01:03:49,920 --> 01:03:55,440 He was definitely one of those African musicians that played, 1132 01:03:55,440 --> 01:03:58,760 you know, R&B, but African style. 1133 01:03:58,760 --> 01:04:00,480 You know, just get a groove. 1134 01:04:02,240 --> 01:04:05,080 Fela did not adapt funk to Africa, 1135 01:04:05,080 --> 01:04:10,520 so much as he went back to the well that funk originally grew from, 1136 01:04:10,520 --> 01:04:12,760 and started building his own from there. 1137 01:04:17,120 --> 01:04:20,440 His secret weapon, Tony Allen, the great drummer, who said, 1138 01:04:20,440 --> 01:04:22,640 "We don't have to play it like the Americans. 1139 01:04:22,640 --> 01:04:25,440 "We don't have to play those American funk beats." 1140 01:04:25,440 --> 01:04:28,720 We can take that structure, and make it more polyrhythmic 1141 01:04:28,720 --> 01:04:30,520 and really make it jump. 1142 01:04:32,560 --> 01:04:35,240 HE VOCALISES BEAT 1143 01:04:40,560 --> 01:04:45,680 When you are revolutionary, and you talk the truth, 1144 01:04:45,680 --> 01:04:48,600 people will come and slap you down. 1145 01:04:50,520 --> 01:04:52,960 Then you talk the truth again, 1146 01:04:52,960 --> 01:04:54,880 they lock you in jail. 1147 01:04:57,480 --> 01:05:01,800 Fela Kuti used his music as a platform for political expression, 1148 01:05:01,800 --> 01:05:07,640 his social outrage at hypocrisy or establishment doctrine in Nigeria. 1149 01:05:09,360 --> 01:05:13,560 Then when you are very strong and you talk again, 1150 01:05:13,560 --> 01:05:15,080 they may kill you. 1151 01:05:15,080 --> 01:05:17,880 They may even burn your house down. 1152 01:05:17,880 --> 01:05:19,480 They want to see the police beating. 1153 01:05:19,480 --> 01:05:21,080 It's terrible. I'll show you. 1154 01:05:21,080 --> 01:05:22,400 You must see it. 1155 01:05:22,400 --> 01:05:24,240 They beat the shit out of me. 1156 01:05:24,240 --> 01:05:26,600 It was more than just a musical statement. 1157 01:05:26,600 --> 01:05:28,720 It became a political statement. 1158 01:05:28,720 --> 01:05:33,360 And it was at a time when musicians were realising that they 1159 01:05:33,360 --> 01:05:37,160 could include social statements in their music 1160 01:05:37,160 --> 01:05:40,120 and have people dance at the same time. 1161 01:05:45,000 --> 01:05:48,840 I realised funk music doesn't only have to be about 1162 01:05:48,840 --> 01:05:51,160 get up off your ass and dance. 1163 01:05:56,080 --> 01:05:58,600 I guess Afrobeat could be viewed as African funk. 1164 01:05:58,600 --> 01:06:01,280 But there were other African musicians who were making 1165 01:06:01,280 --> 01:06:03,480 much more explicitly funky music. 1166 01:06:09,960 --> 01:06:13,040 At the beginning of the '70s, we made a sort of anthem 1167 01:06:13,040 --> 01:06:17,880 for the Cameroonian soccer team in the African Cup of Nations. 1168 01:06:20,960 --> 01:06:25,160 The side A was just a very conventional, very straight march. 1169 01:06:28,920 --> 01:06:31,960 But the B side was initially a filler record, 1170 01:06:31,960 --> 01:06:34,080 it was nothing that was meant to be serious. 1171 01:06:34,080 --> 01:06:36,800 But Cameroon did not win the African Cup of Nations, 1172 01:06:36,800 --> 01:06:40,400 and all the people of Cameroon were so upset that they broke 1173 01:06:40,400 --> 01:06:42,480 the record and threw it away. 1174 01:06:42,480 --> 01:06:46,240 But somehow it started showing up in record bins in New York, 1175 01:06:46,240 --> 01:06:50,280 just as the early disco scene was starting to take off. 1176 01:06:50,280 --> 01:06:52,280 Some DJs heard it, and said, 1177 01:06:52,280 --> 01:06:54,120 "Oh, no, no, no, no. 1178 01:06:54,120 --> 01:06:56,840 "That's the hit right there. Put that out." 1179 01:06:56,840 --> 01:06:58,840 And then that thing blew the whole world up. 1180 01:06:58,840 --> 01:07:01,520 # Mama ko mama sa maka makossa Mama ko mama sa maka makossa 1181 01:07:01,520 --> 01:07:04,560 # Mama ko mama sa maka makossa... # 1182 01:07:04,560 --> 01:07:07,800 What Soul Makossa showed was that there was funk coming out of Africa 1183 01:07:07,800 --> 01:07:10,120 that could groove New York City. 1184 01:07:10,120 --> 01:07:12,720 It could groove LA, it could groove London, it could groove Paris. 1185 01:07:18,080 --> 01:07:22,880 Manu Dibango spoke about playing that song at the Apollo Theatre, 1186 01:07:22,880 --> 01:07:28,440 and seeing all these black Americans just reaching across a time warp 1187 01:07:28,440 --> 01:07:33,200 and connecting with this mythical Africa of their dreams. 1188 01:07:36,000 --> 01:07:38,880 There was a sense of recognition that people didn't even know 1189 01:07:38,880 --> 01:07:40,720 how to put words to. 1190 01:07:40,720 --> 01:07:43,320 But they just knew that there was something deeper. 1191 01:07:43,320 --> 01:07:46,000 There was something that was spiritual about it. 1192 01:07:49,800 --> 01:07:54,200 # Tunga debo ombo e tunga nailso makossa... # 1193 01:07:54,200 --> 01:07:56,240 It was a beautiful cultural conversation. 1194 01:07:56,240 --> 01:07:59,680 And that was really the first time that African-Americans realised 1195 01:07:59,680 --> 01:08:03,280 that there was a modern contemporary urban Africa that was producing 1196 01:08:03,280 --> 01:08:06,720 funky music. Because everyone looks at Africa like it's traditional 1197 01:08:06,720 --> 01:08:09,160 and it's ancient. 1198 01:08:09,160 --> 01:08:14,320 But the funk cast African energies in a modern light. 1199 01:08:19,040 --> 01:08:21,600 Funk got the whole world dancing. 1200 01:08:21,600 --> 01:08:23,960 You certainly couldn't contain it culturally, and you couldn't 1201 01:08:23,960 --> 01:08:27,320 contain it geographically either, so just get it out there. 1202 01:08:27,320 --> 01:08:31,000 Our ears are very broad, a lot broader than any programmers 1203 01:08:31,000 --> 01:08:33,880 are ever willing to give listeners credit for. 1204 01:08:33,880 --> 01:08:37,920 And you're accepting of anything if it moves you. 1205 01:08:39,480 --> 01:08:42,480 # Hey kid, shake it loose together 1206 01:08:42,480 --> 01:08:44,160 # The spotlight's hitting something 1207 01:08:44,160 --> 01:08:47,120 # That's been known to change the weather 1208 01:08:47,120 --> 01:08:50,600 # We'll kill the fatted calf tonight so stick around... # 1209 01:08:51,760 --> 01:08:53,920 Bennie and the Jets broke out of Detroit. 1210 01:08:53,920 --> 01:08:57,280 I played it twice that night on my show. 1211 01:08:57,280 --> 01:08:59,600 The next morning, the morning DJ is calling me at home, waking me up, 1212 01:08:59,600 --> 01:09:01,440 "What is this song you played last night? 1213 01:09:01,440 --> 01:09:03,360 "Ginny and The Nets or something?" 1214 01:09:03,360 --> 01:09:06,680 Elton is on the phone with the radio station, calling from England. 1215 01:09:06,680 --> 01:09:08,960 # B-B-Bennie and the Jets 1216 01:09:11,320 --> 01:09:12,920 # Oh, but they're weird... 1217 01:09:12,920 --> 01:09:15,800 They said, "Listen, it's the number one R&B record in Detroit." 1218 01:09:15,800 --> 01:09:18,560 And I went, "R&B? It's number one?" 1219 01:09:18,560 --> 01:09:20,160 And they said, "Yeah." 1220 01:09:20,160 --> 01:09:22,360 I said, "Well, I'm a white boy from Pinner." 1221 01:09:22,360 --> 01:09:25,080 # She's got electric boots A mohair suit... # 1222 01:09:25,080 --> 01:09:27,280 And it's all because, as I grew up as a kid, 1223 01:09:27,280 --> 01:09:29,440 I loved to listen to R&B records. 1224 01:09:29,440 --> 01:09:32,080 Everybody that came out of England loved that kind of music. 1225 01:09:32,080 --> 01:09:34,440 # Bennie and the Jets... # 1226 01:09:34,440 --> 01:09:37,480 If you're not from here, you can just be like, "Well, I'm British. 1227 01:09:37,480 --> 01:09:39,000 "I'm from London. I'm from Liverpool. 1228 01:09:39,000 --> 01:09:41,040 "I just know I like this music." 1229 01:09:41,040 --> 01:09:45,320 And so that allows a point of entry that wasn't available 1230 01:09:45,320 --> 01:09:48,800 because of how racism works in this country. 1231 01:09:50,200 --> 01:09:52,920 He's, like, the biggest rock star in the world, you know? 1232 01:09:52,920 --> 01:09:55,280 But it introduced him to a whole other market. 1233 01:09:55,280 --> 01:09:57,000 All of a sudden, he's on Soul Train. 1234 01:09:57,000 --> 01:09:59,160 # B-B-Bennie and the Jets... # 1235 01:10:00,720 --> 01:10:03,760 It was all about that groove being on those hard beats. 1236 01:10:03,760 --> 01:10:06,360 HE VOCALISES BEAT 1237 01:10:06,360 --> 01:10:09,160 It's just dropping on these hard beats. 1238 01:10:16,840 --> 01:10:19,440 How you going to be funking like that over in Europe? 1239 01:10:19,440 --> 01:10:22,160 You ain't never been to the hood, and you pull out that? 1240 01:10:22,160 --> 01:10:24,520 Man, black folk all over were loving that record 1241 01:10:24,520 --> 01:10:28,120 when that record dropped, because it was authentic. 1242 01:10:28,120 --> 01:10:31,400 A great welcome, gang, for the gifted singer, composer, 1243 01:10:31,400 --> 01:10:34,480 producer, Mr David Bowie. 1244 01:10:34,480 --> 01:10:38,160 At that particular time, the music that I was listening to 1245 01:10:38,160 --> 01:10:41,040 was definitely the soul music that was really, really big 1246 01:10:41,040 --> 01:10:42,880 in the clubs in America. 1247 01:10:42,880 --> 01:10:44,440 Hi, David. Hello. 1248 01:10:45,760 --> 01:10:48,440 I kind of, you know, tried to do my own interpretation 1249 01:10:48,440 --> 01:10:50,200 of that kind of music. 1250 01:10:50,200 --> 01:10:52,880 I met him, and we got along really fine. 1251 01:10:52,880 --> 01:10:57,400 Here I was, a Puerto Rican with a gigantic afro and dashikis. 1252 01:10:57,400 --> 01:11:02,000 And here he is with REAL orange hair. 1253 01:11:02,000 --> 01:11:05,200 I told him, "Man, you are way too thin. You look like hell. 1254 01:11:05,200 --> 01:11:07,880 "You need to come to my house and get a real meal." 1255 01:11:07,880 --> 01:11:10,720 HE PLAYS RHYTHM PART 1256 01:11:10,720 --> 01:11:12,680 And so, we started developing this song. 1257 01:11:15,240 --> 01:11:18,840 So, as you can see, that one... 1258 01:11:18,840 --> 01:11:21,440 One, two, three, and... 1259 01:11:21,440 --> 01:11:23,280 One. 1260 01:11:23,280 --> 01:11:26,160 HE PLAYS LEAD PART 1261 01:11:28,840 --> 01:11:30,400 Another part. 1262 01:11:30,400 --> 01:11:31,920 HE PLAYS RIFF 1263 01:11:34,480 --> 01:11:37,200 When you have those three guitar parts answering each other, 1264 01:11:37,200 --> 01:11:39,560 perfect syncopation. 1265 01:11:39,560 --> 01:11:40,880 # Fame 1266 01:11:40,880 --> 01:11:44,240 # Makes a man take things over 1267 01:11:44,240 --> 01:11:45,960 # Fame 1268 01:11:45,960 --> 01:11:49,200 # Lets him loose and hard to swallow... # 1269 01:11:49,200 --> 01:11:53,440 Fame is one of those songs that becomes a hit with us first. 1270 01:11:53,440 --> 01:11:56,760 The black community makes it a hit, and then it becomes a national 1271 01:11:56,760 --> 01:11:59,120 and international hit with everybody. 1272 01:11:59,120 --> 01:12:01,880 But black people saw the funk, they heard the funk in it, 1273 01:12:01,880 --> 01:12:04,320 and they made it a hit first. 1274 01:12:04,320 --> 01:12:05,920 # Fame 1275 01:12:05,920 --> 01:12:09,320 # What you need is in the limo... # 1276 01:12:09,320 --> 01:12:13,160 His funky music was almost in contrast to the way 1277 01:12:13,160 --> 01:12:17,320 that he presented himself, as this duke-like figure, 1278 01:12:17,320 --> 01:12:19,480 wearing a suit, who's really stiff. 1279 01:12:19,480 --> 01:12:21,400 But the music is super funky. 1280 01:12:25,880 --> 01:12:27,920 He appeared on Soul Train, and let me tell you, 1281 01:12:27,920 --> 01:12:29,840 he was, like, so nervous. 1282 01:12:29,840 --> 01:12:32,560 But he was, like, so happy. 1283 01:12:32,560 --> 01:12:34,760 He was in heaven. 1284 01:12:34,760 --> 01:12:38,480 # Is it any wonder I reject you first? # 1285 01:12:38,480 --> 01:12:40,520 I think my stage movements was kind of my version 1286 01:12:40,520 --> 01:12:42,280 of James Brown movement. 1287 01:12:42,280 --> 01:12:43,600 # Fame 1288 01:12:43,600 --> 01:12:47,120 # Puts you where the things are hollow 1289 01:12:47,120 --> 01:12:48,760 # Fame 1290 01:12:52,880 --> 01:12:54,320 # Fame... # 1291 01:12:57,160 --> 01:12:59,600 We did what we call haul off-ing. 1292 01:12:59,600 --> 01:13:02,720 You ever hear people say, "I'll haul off and do this." 1293 01:13:02,720 --> 01:13:06,720 We exaggerated to the point that it was silly. 1294 01:13:06,720 --> 01:13:08,160 You know... 1295 01:13:08,160 --> 01:13:10,680 # Aw, we want the funk 1296 01:13:10,680 --> 01:13:12,480 # Give up the funk... # 1297 01:13:12,480 --> 01:13:15,000 We got that from David Bowie. 1298 01:13:15,000 --> 01:13:16,960 # Got to have that funk... # 1299 01:13:16,960 --> 01:13:19,120 I think it was in art school. 1300 01:13:19,120 --> 01:13:23,040 Somebody had a copy of the first Funkadelic record, 1301 01:13:23,040 --> 01:13:25,800 Maggot Brain, 1302 01:13:25,800 --> 01:13:30,080 with the woman buried in some pit or sand 1303 01:13:30,080 --> 01:13:32,360 with just her head sticking up. 1304 01:13:32,360 --> 01:13:35,520 And I thought, what? What is this? 1305 01:13:35,520 --> 01:13:36,920 What's going on here? 1306 01:13:43,480 --> 01:13:45,560 I saw them once live. 1307 01:13:49,920 --> 01:13:53,760 In the middle of the show, there was a chant that went up. 1308 01:13:53,760 --> 01:13:57,160 # Burning down the house! Burning down the house... # 1309 01:13:57,160 --> 01:13:59,120 They never used it in a song. 1310 01:14:01,160 --> 01:14:03,240 I thought, OK, it's an amazing phrase. 1311 01:14:03,240 --> 01:14:05,320 It's kind of up for grabs then. 1312 01:14:05,320 --> 01:14:07,240 # Burning down the house! 1313 01:14:09,360 --> 01:14:11,240 # My house 1314 01:14:11,240 --> 01:14:13,560 # Is out of the ordinary 1315 01:14:13,560 --> 01:14:15,360 # That's right 1316 01:14:15,360 --> 01:14:17,760 # Don't want to hurt nobody... # 1317 01:14:19,200 --> 01:14:21,760 I felt like I could try and imitate James Brown. 1318 01:14:21,760 --> 01:14:23,280 I could try and imitate Fela. 1319 01:14:23,280 --> 01:14:26,320 I can try and imitate Kool & the Gang, or whoever. 1320 01:14:26,320 --> 01:14:30,320 And I did try and do that, but I never got it quite right. 1321 01:14:32,080 --> 01:14:34,000 # Burning down the house. # 1322 01:14:36,000 --> 01:14:38,480 And I realised at some point, by missing, 1323 01:14:38,480 --> 01:14:40,920 I ended up with something else. 1324 01:14:40,920 --> 01:14:43,120 I ended up with something that was more mine. 1325 01:14:44,720 --> 01:14:47,960 It's got a funkiness, but it's not like everybody else I've heard. 1326 01:14:49,600 --> 01:14:53,240 And it was a transformative experience for me. 1327 01:14:53,240 --> 01:14:55,200 # Burning down the house! # 1328 01:14:56,880 --> 01:15:00,680 # You may find yourself living in a shotgun shack 1329 01:15:00,680 --> 01:15:04,480 # You may find yourself in another part of the world. # 1330 01:15:04,480 --> 01:15:07,600 When Once In A Lifetime started getting played on Black radio 1331 01:15:07,600 --> 01:15:10,640 and in dance clubs, it was like, phew... 1332 01:15:10,640 --> 01:15:12,480 That's validation. 1333 01:15:12,480 --> 01:15:16,120 # Letting the days go by Let the water hold me down 1334 01:15:16,120 --> 01:15:19,800 # Letting the days go by Water flowing underground 1335 01:15:19,800 --> 01:15:21,760 # Into the blue again... # 1336 01:15:21,760 --> 01:15:23,920 At the same time, the rock stations wouldn't play it. 1337 01:15:23,920 --> 01:15:25,720 They said, "This is too funky. 1338 01:15:25,720 --> 01:15:27,880 "We don't play that kind of stuff." 1339 01:15:27,880 --> 01:15:29,480 # Same as it ever was 1340 01:15:29,480 --> 01:15:32,800 # Same as it ever was... # 1341 01:15:32,800 --> 01:15:37,840 It speaks to the open-mindedness of the larger musical community 1342 01:15:37,840 --> 01:15:40,200 that we're not going to draw the kind of lines 1343 01:15:40,200 --> 01:15:41,760 that had been drawn for us. 1344 01:15:41,760 --> 01:15:43,800 # Same as it ever was... # 1345 01:15:48,640 --> 01:15:51,960 This was a kind of healing process for me. 1346 01:15:51,960 --> 01:15:55,400 This was a way to become part of a community. 1347 01:15:55,400 --> 01:15:58,960 # Into the blue again Into the silent water 1348 01:15:58,960 --> 01:16:00,720 # Under the rocks and stones... # 1349 01:16:00,720 --> 01:16:02,200 DAVID: It was spiritual, in a way. 1350 01:16:02,200 --> 01:16:04,560 I mean, it was very close to a church experience. 1351 01:16:06,280 --> 01:16:07,640 It was transcendent. 1352 01:16:07,640 --> 01:16:09,200 # Once in a lifetime 1353 01:16:09,200 --> 01:16:11,000 # Water flowing underground 1354 01:16:11,000 --> 01:16:24,880 # Same as it ever was 1355 01:16:24,880 --> 01:16:27,040 # Same as it ever was... # 1356 01:16:32,360 --> 01:16:35,040 Funk was the ideal foundation for hip-hop, right? 1357 01:16:35,040 --> 01:16:36,960 Cos it was this continuous groove. 1358 01:16:36,960 --> 01:16:38,760 It was just a natural marriage. 1359 01:16:38,760 --> 01:16:42,200 You can even narrow it down to one song in particular, 1360 01:16:42,200 --> 01:16:44,320 James Brown's Funky Drummer. 1361 01:16:44,320 --> 01:16:48,560 It's one of the most sampled songs in hip-hop to this day. 1362 01:16:48,560 --> 01:16:51,400 "One, two, three, four, hit it." 1363 01:16:51,400 --> 01:16:53,400 HE VOCALISES BEAT 1364 01:16:56,360 --> 01:16:58,320 # Beats to the rhyme, the rhyme I just made 1365 01:16:58,320 --> 01:17:00,680 # Party at the jammie till lights the night fade... # 1366 01:17:00,680 --> 01:17:02,840 James Brown is such a main staple of hip-hop, 1367 01:17:02,840 --> 01:17:04,640 because that's where we came from. 1368 01:17:04,640 --> 01:17:07,080 # Yes, the rhythm, the rebel 1369 01:17:07,080 --> 01:17:09,480 # Without a pause I'm lowering my level... # 1370 01:17:09,480 --> 01:17:11,600 # I'm gonna knock you out 1371 01:17:11,600 --> 01:17:14,040 # Mama said knock you out... # 1372 01:17:14,040 --> 01:17:17,600 Back in the '70s, the Nixon administration pulled away 1373 01:17:17,600 --> 01:17:20,640 art and public school funding. 1374 01:17:20,640 --> 01:17:23,120 Many a hip-hop pioneer has come to me and says, 1375 01:17:23,120 --> 01:17:26,000 "Yeah, man, I wanted to always be a saxophone player." 1376 01:17:26,000 --> 01:17:28,880 There's, like, one sax, you know what I'm saying? 1377 01:17:28,880 --> 01:17:30,880 So, it was just so limited. 1378 01:17:30,880 --> 01:17:33,880 And some schools, they just didn't have that available. 1379 01:17:36,960 --> 01:17:39,000 # I hold the microphone like a grudge 1380 01:17:39,000 --> 01:17:41,520 # B will hold the record so the needle don't budge... # 1381 01:17:41,520 --> 01:17:44,680 Suddenly, the turntable becomes an instrument. 1382 01:17:47,400 --> 01:17:49,800 You know, I'm a street cat, you know what I'm saying? 1383 01:17:49,800 --> 01:17:52,000 With turntables, using what I had. 1384 01:17:52,000 --> 01:17:53,960 That was the hip-hop part of it. 1385 01:17:53,960 --> 01:17:55,440 I didn't have a band. 1386 01:17:57,320 --> 01:18:00,560 Funk is the DNA, straight DNA, for hip-hop. 1387 01:18:00,560 --> 01:18:02,640 # Swing down, sweet chariot 1388 01:18:02,640 --> 01:18:05,000 # Stop and let me ride 1389 01:18:05,000 --> 01:18:06,600 # Hell, yeah... # 1390 01:18:06,600 --> 01:18:08,720 Sample the bass, sample the drums. 1391 01:18:13,440 --> 01:18:15,600 That becomes the new thing. 1392 01:18:20,080 --> 01:18:24,000 When I made 3 Feet High and Rising, I mean, all I listened to 1393 01:18:24,000 --> 01:18:25,880 was Parliament-Funkadelic. 1394 01:18:30,760 --> 01:18:34,720 My idea was to take that vibe and that feeling 1395 01:18:34,720 --> 01:18:37,640 that I got from P-Funk... 1396 01:18:37,640 --> 01:18:39,680 ..to hip-hop. 1397 01:18:41,560 --> 01:18:43,400 # Mirror, mirror on the wall 1398 01:18:43,400 --> 01:18:45,680 # Tell me, mirror, what is wrong? 1399 01:18:45,680 --> 01:18:49,680 # Can it be my De La clothes or is it just my De La song? # 1400 01:18:49,680 --> 01:18:53,120 When hip-hop come along, I had no idea they was going to make it 1401 01:18:53,120 --> 01:18:55,800 a legitimate thing... 1402 01:18:55,800 --> 01:18:58,640 ..till De La Soul showed up and paid us for it. 1403 01:18:58,640 --> 01:19:00,320 # Me, myself, and I 1404 01:19:01,920 --> 01:19:04,560 # Just me, myself, and I... # 1405 01:19:04,560 --> 01:19:07,000 Without funk, there would be no hip-hop. 1406 01:19:07,000 --> 01:19:09,880 If you took funk away from hip-hop, 1407 01:19:09,880 --> 01:19:12,280 there clearly would be no hip-hop. 1408 01:19:12,280 --> 01:19:14,280 I mean, to me, it's as simple as that. 1409 01:19:19,360 --> 01:19:21,160 Funk is always evolving. 1410 01:19:21,160 --> 01:19:23,840 It's almost like an organism, you know what I'm saying? 1411 01:19:23,840 --> 01:19:26,480 It goes from one thing to the next thing, to the next thing, 1412 01:19:26,480 --> 01:19:28,080 to the next thing. 1413 01:19:28,080 --> 01:19:29,880 It is not going anywhere. 1414 01:19:29,880 --> 01:19:32,840 It will always be, because it's in our soul. 1415 01:19:38,840 --> 01:19:41,840 Funk is able to come in and say, 1416 01:19:41,840 --> 01:19:44,320 "Listen to the music and get into a groove. 1417 01:19:47,120 --> 01:19:48,560 "It's OK to dance. 1418 01:19:48,560 --> 01:19:50,440 "Dance the way you choose to dance." 1419 01:19:52,560 --> 01:19:54,640 Free your mind, your ass will follow. 1420 01:19:59,200 --> 01:20:01,960 Funk said that it doesn't matter what dance you're doing, 1421 01:20:01,960 --> 01:20:03,640 but you better do one. 1422 01:20:05,120 --> 01:20:07,400 You better get down, you better move. 1423 01:20:15,600 --> 01:20:19,480 If you've done your best, you can literally leave it alone. 1424 01:20:19,480 --> 01:20:21,960 You've done all that's required of you. 1425 01:20:21,960 --> 01:20:24,320 So, do the best you can, and then funk it. 1426 01:20:24,320 --> 01:20:26,840 # We got the funk 1427 01:20:26,840 --> 01:20:28,840 # We got the funk, yeah 1428 01:20:28,840 --> 01:20:31,120 # We got the funk 1429 01:20:31,120 --> 01:20:33,200 # We got the funk, yeah 1430 01:20:59,080 --> 01:21:00,560 # We got the funk 1431 01:21:00,560 --> 01:21:02,520 # We got the funk, yeah... # 112497

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