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That's one small step for man,
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one giant leap for mankind.
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All those years, we had very,
very few inquiries
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about von Braun's past.
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We never really had
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any questions about what, what
are all these Germans doing,
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you know,
involved in this program?
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That never came up.
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He was kind of untouchable.
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He was the rocket man,
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and he was taking us
to the moon.
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Then when things
began to change,
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he handled it quite well.
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I believe you were forced
to join the Nazi party,
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as I understand it.
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No, this isn't quite right.
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Um...
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I was trying to make it sound...
I got a letter one fine day
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which said, "We understand you
would like to join the party",
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and here is a form,
an application form."
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But the circumstances
were such that...
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the message would have
been very loud and clear,
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you know,
had you not sent it in.
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He disavowed any loyalty
to Hitler
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or to the German cause.
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He acknowledged
the regime's crimes.
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He tried to avoid discussing
the politics of World War II.
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Do you have a statement...
Dr. von Braun, were you... were you aware
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that there was a slave camp
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near the plant you worked
in Germany?
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Well, you are misinformed.
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The slave camp was about
400 miles from where I worked,
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because I was in charge of the
development of the V-2 rocket,
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which took place
in Peenemuünde on the Baltic,
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and this slave camp was
in Central Germany
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in the Harz Mountains...
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Were you aware that there were
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any atrocities
taking place there?
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I learned later on
that there were
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atrocities taking place there,
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but I was not involved
in this whole operation.
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He had to have known
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that all those people he saw
pushing heavy equipment
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were horribly abused.
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He would have had to have been
blind, deaf, and mute
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not to have known that.
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Do you feel that it will
hinder your reputation at all?
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Well, that remains to be seen.
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As I say, I think
this record is for inspection.
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And... I have nothing to hide,
I had nothing to hide,
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and... I told the court
what I knew.
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I was here as a witness;
I'm not implicated.
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Remember that.
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Only a few short weeks ago,
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we shared the glory of
man's first sight of the world
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as God sees it,
as a single sphere
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reflecting light in the darkness.
00:00:00.000
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reflecting light
in the darkness.
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As the Apollo astronauts
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00:06:06,666 --> 00:06:08,968
flew over the moon's
gray surface on Christmas Eve...
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They spoke to us of the beauty
of Earth.
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Get lost!
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In the time that they
were focused
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on going to the moon,
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the world had changed.
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Society had changed
in pretty fundamental ways.
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After Apollo 8,
President Nixon sent me around
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to make talks on
the different college campuses.
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Everywhere I went,
I met with antagonism
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and even hatred.
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I think I represented,
to these people,
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the establishment.
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At one of the places,
I had to go in by helicopter
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because they'd barricaded
the entrance to the college.
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And at Columbia,
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I was run off the stage
by a guy in a gorilla suit.
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They threw marshmallows at me.
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It was unbelievable.
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When we went to Cornell,
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it was like going
into an enemy camp.
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I couldn't believe
I was in America.
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And I must say, when you
continually point your finger
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at the establishment
and big business,
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I'd like to just shoot it back
at you a little bit.
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Many of us think
one of the greatest problems
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we have in the environment
of the future
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is the current crop of
irresponsible college radicals.
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The difference
between the reaction
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on the American campuses
and overseas
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was like night and day.
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To the people of this planet,
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what is the meaning
of this stupendous venture?
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They were excited,
they were happy,
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they were very congratulatory,
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they were wonderful.
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Everywhere.
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Except on the American campus.
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Even in Russia,
they were very, very friendly.
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I was there in 1969,
my family and I.
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This was before
the lunar landing.
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We spent two weeks over there,
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going all over the country.
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They couldn't have been
more nice to us.
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Another warm welcome for
the traveling American astronaut
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who came far out of his way,
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all the way to central Siberia,
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to pay tribute
to Soviet science.
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Colonel Borman,
you've seen something
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of the world of Soviet science...
How does it impress you?
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Very much.
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They certainly have
a fine institute here.
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The intellectuals there
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understood their system
was corrupt and couldn't last,
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00:09:01,140 --> 00:09:03,174
but they were afraid to
talk about it 00:00:00.000
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00:09:03,175 --> 00:09:03,209
but they were afraid
to talk about it
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unless you got them off
by themselves.
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It was that kind of a society.
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And I like to think
that the Apollo program
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had a lot to do with
the subsequent dismantling
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of the Soviet Union.
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00:09:17,390 --> 00:09:19,525
Have you had any feeling
from the cosmonauts
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of their view toward the pending
moon landing and Apollo 11?
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00:09:22,929 --> 00:09:24,473
Well, I think they feel
the same way about that
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as we do about theirs...
They wish us all success,
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as we've done on
every one of their flights.
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I remember trying to write
as much as I could
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about what the Russians
were doing.
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We knew very little.
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Occasionally, they'd show us
spy photography from Baikonur,
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from the Soviet launching site.
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But there was
a lot of guess work.
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00:10:04,136 --> 00:10:05,805
Korolyov.
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00:10:05,838 --> 00:10:08,874
He was the von Braun,
if you will,
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00:10:08,908 --> 00:10:11,611
of the Russian space program.
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00:10:11,644 --> 00:10:13,879
He died.
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00:10:13,913 --> 00:10:17,817
And, in my mind, that's when
things started to change,
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as far as the Russians
were concerned.
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00:10:20,252 --> 00:10:23,255
They tried to put together
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00:10:23,289 --> 00:10:25,091
a giant rocket.
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00:10:25,124 --> 00:10:26,868
But I always felt
that once they lost Korolyov,
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they really lost the genius
of the Russian program.
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00:10:34,834 --> 00:10:37,503
The Korolyov lunar program
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to send the man to the moon,
it have a very sad history.
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The Soviet Union have
the same ideas as the Americans,
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but our design
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of the lunar vehicle
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failed from the very beginning
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00:11:00,159 --> 00:11:06,432
because Korolyov
technically made it
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00:11:06,465 --> 00:11:10,002
in the wrong way.
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00:11:10,036 --> 00:11:13,739
The N1 program,
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00:11:13,773 --> 00:11:16,008
it was very complicated project,
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with 30 engines
that have to work together,
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00:11:19,478 --> 00:11:23,516
and if you did not test it
by stages,
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00:11:23,549 --> 00:11:27,453
you have too many new things.
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00:11:27,486 --> 00:11:30,623
Korolyov's people,
after Korolyov's death,
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they say, "Let's assemble
everything together"
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"without testing.
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Maybe you will have
a good luck."
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00:00:00.000
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Korolyov died,
but this project was doomed
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from very beginning.
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Resuming our interview
on "Meet the Press"
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from Cape Kennedy, Florida,
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our guests today
are the three astronauts
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who commanded Apollo missions
8, 9, and 10.
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00:12:32,785 --> 00:12:34,220
Colonel Borman,
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00:12:34,253 --> 00:12:36,155
during your trip to Russia,
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did you get any indication
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00:12:38,290 --> 00:12:40,025
in your talks with the Russians
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00:12:40,059 --> 00:12:43,095
when they might be sending
cosmonauts to land on the moon?
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00:12:43,129 --> 00:12:46,432
Do you think that they still
want to land men on the moon?
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00:12:46,465 --> 00:12:48,200
There's no question about it.
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They... he told...
everywhere, the indication was,
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00:12:51,270 --> 00:12:52,838
"Not only will we land
on the moon,
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"will we go to the moon,
we'll go to the planets
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and eventually, man will leave
the solar system."
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And I believe that.
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NASA called a press conference
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to introduce the Apollo 11 crew,
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00:13:11,757 --> 00:13:14,527
and I went to that.
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They were introduced,
the three guys.
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Ladies and gentlemen,
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it's my considerable pleasure
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00:13:21,567 --> 00:13:25,304
to introduce to you
our Apollo 11 crew.
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00:13:25,337 --> 00:13:27,072
Neil and Buzz and Mike Collins...
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00:13:27,106 --> 00:13:29,475
This was the crew
that, if all went well,
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Apollo 11, with Neil Armstrong
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and Buzz Aldrin,
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was going to be the crew
that landed,
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and Neil was the commander.
191
00:13:40,052 --> 00:13:41,420
Which one of you gentlemen
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will be the first man
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to step onto the lunar surface,
194
00:13:44,423 --> 00:13:47,793
and what do you think
your reaction will be?
195
00:13:47,827 --> 00:13:51,497
The current plan involves
one man on the lunar surface
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for approximately
three-quarters of an hour
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00:13:53,532 --> 00:13:55,935
prior to
the second man's emergence.
198
00:13:55,968 --> 00:13:58,337
Now, which person is which
199
00:13:58,370 --> 00:14:03,108
has not been decided
at this point.
200
00:14:03,142 --> 00:14:06,145
Neil was going to be
the commander,
201
00:14:06,178 --> 00:14:07,646
but there was
two schools of thought
202
00:14:07,680 --> 00:14:11,217
as to what we should do
after landing.
203
00:14:11,250 --> 00:14:12,484
The first man would
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00:14:12,518 --> 00:14:14,353
exit the spacecraft,
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00:14:14,386 --> 00:14:17,590
most probably taking down
with him
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00:14:17,623 --> 00:14:19,758
what we call
a lunar equipment conveyor.
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00:14:19,792 --> 00:14:25,297
This is a pulley-type system
which enables us to transfer
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00:14:25,331 --> 00:14:28,434
various pieces of equipment.
209
00:14:28,467 --> 00:14:29,969
And the first priority
on the surface
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00:14:30,002 --> 00:14:32,972
is to take photographs
from the LEM itself
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00:14:33,005 --> 00:14:35,741
at the landing site.
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00:14:35,774 --> 00:14:38,777
And the second priority
is a contingency sample...
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00:14:38,811 --> 00:14:42,781
Obviously, Neil and I
might have differences.
214
00:14:42,815 --> 00:14:45,651
He said that he
understood the significance
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00:14:45,684 --> 00:14:49,755
and he wasn't going to rule
himself out of being first...
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00:14:49,788 --> 00:14:51,290
priority is an E.V.A.
evaluation...
217
00:14:51,323 --> 00:14:55,828
And so there was a standoff.
218
00:14:55,861 --> 00:14:57,162
So it's at this point
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00:14:57,196 --> 00:14:59,598
that the second person
220
00:14:59,632 --> 00:15:02,001
would exit the spacecraft.
00:00:00.000.
221
00:15:02,034 --> 00:15:06,038
Buzz, his father
was a retired general,
222
00:15:06,071 --> 00:15:10,409
and he went on a press campaign,
came to my office in New York,
223
00:15:10,442 --> 00:15:17,049
to campaign for Buzz to be the
first man on the moon, not Neil.
224
00:15:17,082 --> 00:15:22,087
The controversy was inspired
by Buzz's father.
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00:15:25,391 --> 00:15:26,926
Hey, Buzz,
226
00:15:26,959 --> 00:15:29,795
as I recall,
isn't your middle name "Moon"?
227
00:15:29,828 --> 00:15:31,773
My mother's middle name is Moon.
Your mother's family name?
228
00:15:31,797 --> 00:15:34,166
That was my grandfather's name.
229
00:15:34,199 --> 00:15:37,236
By coincidence or good fortune,
230
00:15:37,269 --> 00:15:41,507
my mother was named Marion Moon.
231
00:15:41,540 --> 00:15:43,776
That was her maiden name.
232
00:15:43,809 --> 00:15:46,912
So she was Marion Moon Aldrin.
233
00:15:46,946 --> 00:15:51,750
My grandmother was known
as Mama Moon.
234
00:15:51,784 --> 00:15:53,686
I had two older sisters.
235
00:15:53,719 --> 00:15:56,121
They didn't know
what to call me,
236
00:15:56,155 --> 00:16:01,460
but I was their baby brother,
so it was "Buzzer,"
237
00:16:01,493 --> 00:16:03,929
and it got shortened to Buzz.
238
00:16:05,564 --> 00:16:10,970
We had a taste of the publicity
from Gemini 12.
239
00:16:11,003 --> 00:16:12,814
This celebration in Montclair
is for hometown boy.
240
00:16:12,838 --> 00:16:15,674
Lieutenant Colonel
Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin,
241
00:16:15,708 --> 00:16:18,310
the record-setting space walker,
who, along with...
242
00:16:18,344 --> 00:16:22,414
She just looked
like she was uncomfortable
243
00:16:22,448 --> 00:16:26,518
about being in the press.
244
00:16:26,552 --> 00:16:30,990
Before we were announced
as the crew to Apollo 11,
245
00:16:31,023 --> 00:16:35,327
my mother died.
246
00:16:35,361 --> 00:16:38,263
Committed suicide.
247
00:16:38,297 --> 00:16:42,835
I felt that she didn't want
to look forward
248
00:16:42,868 --> 00:16:46,638
to that sort of thing again.
249
00:16:46,672 --> 00:16:49,508
She didn't want
to be a part of it.
250
00:16:53,312 --> 00:16:56,648
I wondered if each of the three
could tell us very briefly
251
00:16:56,682 --> 00:16:58,484
how your families have reacted
252
00:16:58,517 --> 00:17:01,887
to the fact that you're
taking this historic mission.
253
00:17:07,760 --> 00:17:11,730
Well, who wants to
take a crack at it?
254
00:17:11,764 --> 00:17:16,268
Well, I think
in my particular case,
255
00:17:16,301 --> 00:17:19,538
my family has had five years now
256
00:17:19,571 --> 00:17:24,977
to become accustomed
to this eventuality,
257
00:17:25,010 --> 00:17:30,082
and over six months
to face it quite closely.
258
00:17:39,391 --> 00:17:41,693
Colonel Collins, you'll be
the only one of the three
259
00:17:41,727 --> 00:17:43,695
making this first moon flight
260
00:17:43,729 --> 00:17:46,598
who will not have an opportunity
to walk on the moon's surface.
261
00:17:46,632 --> 00:17:48,067
How do you feel about that?
262
00:17:48,100 --> 00:17:50,302
Well, I think that the way
263
00:17:50,335 --> 00:17:51,403
we've put Apollo together,
264
00:17:51,437 --> 00:17:53,539
it's a three-man job.
265
00:17:53,572 --> 00:17:56,742
All three men are required
to do the total mission,
266
00:17:56,775 --> 00:17:58,177
and of course,
I'll be the only one
267
00:17:58,210 --> 00:18:00,345
on board the command
and service module.
268
00:18:00,379 --> 00:18:04,882
I honestly felt really privileged
to be on Apollo 11, 00:00:00.000
269
00:18:04,883 --> 00:18:04,917
I honestly felt really
privileged to be on Apollo 11,
270
00:18:04,918 --> 00:18:09,988
to have one
of those three seats.
271
00:18:10,022 --> 00:18:11,266
Did I have
the best of the three?
272
00:18:11,290 --> 00:18:12,591
No.
273
00:18:12,624 --> 00:18:14,359
But was I pleased with
the one I had?
274
00:18:14,393 --> 00:18:16,762
Yes!
275
00:18:16,795 --> 00:18:18,664
I do have one complaint,
however.
276
00:18:18,697 --> 00:18:21,033
I'd like to point out
to those of you,
277
00:18:21,066 --> 00:18:22,610
particularly
in the television business,
278
00:18:22,634 --> 00:18:25,871
that I have no TV set on board,
279
00:18:25,904 --> 00:18:28,073
and therefore I'm going
to be one of the few Americans
280
00:18:28,107 --> 00:18:30,843
who's not going to
be able to see the E.V.A...
281
00:18:30,876 --> 00:18:32,678
So I'd like you
282
00:18:32,711 --> 00:18:34,613
to save the tapes for me,
please.
283
00:18:34,646 --> 00:18:36,982
I'd like to look at them
after the flight.
284
00:18:39,651 --> 00:18:42,187
They were three distinct
personalities.
285
00:18:43,789 --> 00:18:45,557
Armstrong was
286
00:18:45,591 --> 00:18:50,028
the gold standard
for the calm, committed,
287
00:18:50,062 --> 00:18:55,167
professional pilot that he was.
288
00:18:55,200 --> 00:18:56,735
I probably knew Neil
289
00:18:56,768 --> 00:18:59,037
better than most people,
290
00:18:59,071 --> 00:19:02,441
because we were
in Gemini together as a crew.
291
00:19:04,510 --> 00:19:07,813
Then he and I became the two
who were selected
292
00:19:07,846 --> 00:19:11,984
to fly the lunar module
training vehicle.
293
00:19:12,017 --> 00:19:14,019
It really was
an exceptional simulation
294
00:19:14,052 --> 00:19:19,291
of the lunar module
in one-sixth lunar gravity.
295
00:19:25,797 --> 00:19:28,300
The day of the accident,
I went out in the morning.
296
00:19:31,003 --> 00:19:34,706
There was a bit of a wind.
297
00:19:37,943 --> 00:19:41,213
That afternoon, Neil went over
to fly this thing.
298
00:19:43,415 --> 00:19:47,786
Unbeknownst to us on that day,
299
00:19:47,819 --> 00:19:53,525
the sensor for the hydrogen
peroxide fuel had failed.
300
00:19:56,995 --> 00:19:58,797
So when the red light came on
and they said,
301
00:19:58,830 --> 00:20:01,433
"Okay, Neil, you've got
30 seconds to go,
302
00:20:01,466 --> 00:20:04,102
"head on down," he didn't know,
303
00:20:04,136 --> 00:20:06,004
nor did the ground know,
304
00:20:06,038 --> 00:20:09,374
that he really only had
about 15 seconds of fuel.
305
00:20:30,162 --> 00:20:32,965
Neil was
the consummate test pilot.
306
00:20:32,998 --> 00:20:35,033
He packed up,
went to his office.
307
00:20:35,067 --> 00:20:36,301
You know?
308
00:20:36,335 --> 00:20:38,937
He said, "Yeah, I ejected."
309
00:20:38,971 --> 00:20:41,940
That's Neil Armstrong for you.
310
00:20:45,744 --> 00:20:50,048
Six months later,
another test pilot crashed. 00:00:00.000.
311
00:21:19,745 --> 00:21:22,147
I never flew it after that.
312
00:21:28,053 --> 00:21:30,155
It's easy to see
that the lunar landings
313
00:21:30,188 --> 00:21:34,693
might have well
had crashes on the moon.
314
00:21:56,581 --> 00:22:01,453
The Soviets had another
secret lunar project,
315
00:22:01,486 --> 00:22:07,492
an automatic lunar system
called Luna 15.
316
00:22:07,526 --> 00:22:10,796
We wanted to land it on the moon
317
00:22:10,829 --> 00:22:14,633
the same way as Apollo.
318
00:22:18,303 --> 00:22:23,275
It was possible that
this will just drill the moon,
319
00:22:23,308 --> 00:22:24,609
extract some soil,
320
00:22:24,643 --> 00:22:27,913
and then fly back to the Earth
321
00:22:27,946 --> 00:22:31,950
before the Americans,
because it was more efficient.
322
00:22:37,055 --> 00:22:40,125
And we have scheduled
this launch
323
00:22:40,158 --> 00:22:42,427
more or less at the same time,
324
00:22:42,461 --> 00:22:46,732
on the summer 1969.
325
00:23:16,061 --> 00:23:19,231
Moscow's morning newspapers
today ignored
326
00:23:19,264 --> 00:23:22,167
the impending Apollo 11 flight
to the moon.
327
00:23:22,200 --> 00:23:25,504
The Russians are not saying
very much about Luna 15, either.
328
00:23:25,537 --> 00:23:27,539
That's their own
unmanned spaceship
329
00:23:27,572 --> 00:23:28,816
that is expected
to reach the moon
330
00:23:28,840 --> 00:23:30,409
either today or tomorrow.
331
00:23:30,442 --> 00:23:32,077
I don't think anything
in history
332
00:23:32,110 --> 00:23:34,446
has ever happened like this,
Frank,
333
00:23:34,479 --> 00:23:35,981
with any group so large.
334
00:23:36,014 --> 00:23:38,417
We think there must be
at least a million people.
335
00:23:38,450 --> 00:23:40,819
And to us,
it's a terribly moving scene.
336
00:23:42,454 --> 00:23:44,222
There are a million people
337
00:23:44,256 --> 00:23:46,491
who made their way
down to the Cape
338
00:23:46,525 --> 00:23:49,394
to see this rocket go off.
339
00:23:49,428 --> 00:23:51,930
One million people
in the immediate environment
340
00:23:51,963 --> 00:23:53,131
of Cape Kennedy
341
00:23:53,165 --> 00:23:56,802
to watch it go off
from that launch complex 39A.
342
00:24:00,105 --> 00:24:01,873
Now may I have your attention?
343
00:24:01,907 --> 00:24:05,009
I'd like to take this opportunity
to discuss 00:00:00.000
344
00:24:05,010 --> 00:24:05,043
I'd like to take
this opportunity to discuss
345
00:24:05,044 --> 00:24:08,046
the Apollo 11 profile, which
will begin tomorrow morning.
346
00:24:08,079 --> 00:24:09,357
They will climb
through an airlock
347
00:24:09,381 --> 00:24:11,850
into the lunar module.
348
00:24:11,883 --> 00:24:14,386
The third astronaut...
These astronauts being
349
00:24:14,419 --> 00:24:16,688
Armstrong, Aldrin, and Collins...
350
00:24:16,721 --> 00:24:20,959
Collins will remain on board
the Command and Service Module
351
00:24:20,992 --> 00:24:22,694
serving as a communication link
352
00:24:22,727 --> 00:24:25,363
between the surface of the Earth
and the surface of the moon.
353
00:24:35,340 --> 00:24:39,044
They're against the spacecraft.
354
00:24:50,489 --> 00:24:53,225
At the time of
the Apollo 11 launch,
355
00:24:53,258 --> 00:24:56,728
Ralph Abernathy
led a group of protesters
356
00:24:56,761 --> 00:24:58,897
to the Kennedy Space Center
357
00:24:58,930 --> 00:25:02,868
to protest the priorities
of the federal government.
358
00:25:02,901 --> 00:25:06,104
Ladies and gentlemen
of the press,
359
00:25:06,137 --> 00:25:11,977
on the eve of
one of man's noblest ventures,
360
00:25:12,010 --> 00:25:14,279
I am profoundly moved
361
00:25:14,312 --> 00:25:20,452
by our nation's scientific
achievements in space
362
00:25:20,485 --> 00:25:23,922
and by the heroism
of the three men
363
00:25:23,955 --> 00:25:28,260
who are embarking for the moon.
364
00:25:28,293 --> 00:25:31,696
I have not come to Cape Kennedy
365
00:25:31,730 --> 00:25:39,730
merely to experience the thrill
of this historic launching.
366
00:25:39,804 --> 00:25:44,342
I'm here to demonstrate
in a symbolic way
367
00:25:44,376 --> 00:25:48,213
the tragic and inexcusable gulf
368
00:25:48,246 --> 00:25:53,251
between America's
technological abilities
369
00:25:53,285 --> 00:25:56,187
and our social injustice.
370
00:26:01,593 --> 00:26:04,296
Tom Paine went out
to Ralph Abernathy's group
371
00:26:04,329 --> 00:26:05,964
and met with them.
372
00:26:05,997 --> 00:26:08,667
He's the new head of NASA,
and they talked.
373
00:26:10,368 --> 00:26:12,103
Ladies and gentlemen,
374
00:26:12,137 --> 00:26:14,005
I'm here because
you invited me to be here
375
00:26:14,039 --> 00:26:15,407
and because I want to be here.
376
00:26:15,440 --> 00:26:19,444
If it were possible
for us tomorrow morning
377
00:26:19,477 --> 00:26:22,781
to not push the button
and to solve the problems
378
00:26:22,814 --> 00:26:24,282
for which you are concerned,
379
00:26:24,316 --> 00:26:26,651
believe me,
we would not push the button,
380
00:26:26,685 --> 00:26:28,753
but the problem is that...
381
00:26:28,787 --> 00:26:30,956
He said, you know,
this is something
382
00:26:30,989 --> 00:26:34,426
that we as a nation have decided
that we need to do,
383
00:26:34,459 --> 00:26:37,462
and we think that these
results are going
384
00:26:37,495 --> 00:26:39,864
to be positive for everybody.
385
00:26:39,898 --> 00:26:44,302
We would like to see you hitch
your wagons to our rockets,
386
00:26:44,336 --> 00:26:47,305
and to tell the American people
that the NASA program
387
00:26:47,339 --> 00:26:50,442
is an indication
of what this country can do...
388
00:26:50,475 --> 00:26:53,178
And then he invited
a select group of the people
389
00:26:53,211 --> 00:26:55,981
who were in the protest
to attend the launch,
390
00:26:56,014 --> 00:26:57,549
among them Ralph Abernathy.
391
00:26:57,582 --> 00:26:59,651
To encourage
this country to tackle
392
00:26:59,684 --> 00:27:02,853
many of its other problems.
00:00:00.000
393
00:27:02,854 --> 00:27:03,934
many of its other problems.
394
00:27:05,790 --> 00:27:08,093
As our brave, courageous
395
00:27:08,126 --> 00:27:10,362
heroes
396
00:27:10,395 --> 00:27:13,798
make their way
to the moon tomorrow,
397
00:27:13,832 --> 00:27:15,100
may they never forget
398
00:27:15,133 --> 00:27:18,937
their suffering brothers
and sisters
399
00:27:18,970 --> 00:27:20,772
down here on the Earth.
400
00:27:20,805 --> 00:27:22,907
May they think about us tomorrow
401
00:27:22,941 --> 00:27:26,511
and pray for us
as we will be praying for them.
402
00:28:02,414 --> 00:28:04,416
The urge to explore
403
00:28:04,449 --> 00:28:08,753
was so deeply ingrained
in the human psyche.
404
00:28:10,388 --> 00:28:14,459
That goes back to our
earliest days as Homo sapiens,
405
00:28:14,492 --> 00:28:17,028
this curiosity.
406
00:28:17,062 --> 00:28:21,433
What was this large,
shiny, white globe?
407
00:28:21,466 --> 00:28:22,901
What was it?
408
00:28:22,934 --> 00:28:24,869
Was it God?
409
00:28:24,903 --> 00:28:30,942
We attributed so many
explanations to the moon.
410
00:28:30,975 --> 00:28:34,746
And now, at last,
we had the opportunity
411
00:28:34,779 --> 00:28:40,652
to go and see for ourselves...
To satisfy that curiosity.
412
00:28:40,685 --> 00:28:44,122
It was something that
you couldn't just turn off.
413
00:28:51,496 --> 00:28:57,268
Tomorrow,
we the crew of Apollo 11 are...
414
00:28:59,003 --> 00:29:03,675
privileged to represent
the United States
415
00:29:03,708 --> 00:29:08,079
in our first attempt to take man
416
00:29:08,113 --> 00:29:12,884
to another heavenly body.
417
00:29:12,917 --> 00:29:16,855
We feel very honored
418
00:29:16,888 --> 00:29:21,493
that we can participate
in this voyage,
419
00:29:21,526 --> 00:29:24,829
represent our nation.
420
00:29:24,863 --> 00:29:29,167
We think the country
has provided us
421
00:29:29,200 --> 00:29:35,173
with the finest equipment,
the finest training,
422
00:29:35,206 --> 00:29:40,712
the finest preparation
that anyone can receive.
423
00:29:43,047 --> 00:29:46,351
We look forward to going.
424
00:29:46,384 --> 00:29:48,219
We thank all of you
425
00:29:48,253 --> 00:29:50,221
for your help and your prayers.
426
00:29:52,757 --> 00:29:54,359
Good morning,
ladies and gentlemen,
427
00:29:54,392 --> 00:29:56,561
I'm Frank Reynolds
at ABC space headquarters
428
00:29:56,594 --> 00:29:58,196
in New York.
429
00:29:58,229 --> 00:30:01,933
It is July 16, 1969,
430
00:30:01,966 --> 00:30:05,602
and we are all about to witness the
fulfillment of that promise 00:00:00.000
431
00:30:05,603 --> 00:30:05,637
and we are all about to witness
the fulfillment of that promise
432
00:30:05,638 --> 00:30:07,505
that President Kennedy made
433
00:30:07,539 --> 00:30:09,808
at Rice University Stadium
in Texas
434
00:30:09,841 --> 00:30:12,610
on September 12, 1962.
435
00:30:22,921 --> 00:30:24,556
They take with them this morning
436
00:30:24,589 --> 00:30:27,592
the good wishes
and the admiration
437
00:30:27,625 --> 00:30:30,128
of a world of people,
438
00:30:30,161 --> 00:30:31,830
as man,
439
00:30:31,863 --> 00:30:38,169
a species born and who's lived
all his life on Earth,
440
00:30:38,203 --> 00:30:42,006
moves with this journey
out into the solar system,
441
00:30:42,040 --> 00:30:45,977
and so presumably begins,
with this journey,
442
00:30:46,010 --> 00:30:49,814
his dispersal in other places
443
00:30:49,848 --> 00:30:53,318
out in the universe.
444
00:30:55,220 --> 00:30:57,589
Astronauts Neil Armstrong,
Buzz Aldrin,
445
00:30:57,622 --> 00:30:59,090
and then, finally, Mike Collins,
446
00:30:59,123 --> 00:31:00,625
with their suit technicians
447
00:31:00,658 --> 00:31:03,561
and director of flight crew
operations Deke Slayton
448
00:31:03,595 --> 00:31:05,830
now boarding the transfer van.
449
00:31:05,864 --> 00:31:08,399
The transfer van now departing
450
00:31:08,433 --> 00:31:10,535
from the manned spacecraft
operations building
451
00:31:10,568 --> 00:31:11,870
at the Kennedy Space Center
452
00:31:11,903 --> 00:31:13,538
on the start
of its eight-mile trip
453
00:31:13,571 --> 00:31:16,774
to Launch Pad A
here at Complex 39.
454
00:31:16,808 --> 00:31:18,619
Right now, our count
at three hours, three minutes,
455
00:31:18,643 --> 00:31:19,644
and counting,
456
00:31:19,677 --> 00:31:21,579
aiming toward
the planned liftoff time
457
00:31:21,613 --> 00:31:24,883
of 9:32 a.m.
Eastern Daylight Time.
458
00:31:24,916 --> 00:31:27,652
This is launch control.
459
00:31:41,432 --> 00:31:45,737
It was still twilight,
460
00:31:45,770 --> 00:31:50,441
and I could hear the faint siren
461
00:31:50,475 --> 00:31:51,976
and some blinking lights,
462
00:31:52,010 --> 00:31:53,912
and looked off to my right,
463
00:31:53,945 --> 00:31:57,548
and there was the convoy
of half a dozen vehicles
464
00:31:57,582 --> 00:32:01,052
bringing the astronauts
to the launch pad.
465
00:32:01,085 --> 00:32:05,156
And it was just the most
beautiful thing you ever saw.
466
00:32:17,302 --> 00:32:21,973
The riskiest part
of most missions at that time,
467
00:32:22,006 --> 00:32:24,542
to my mind, were the launch.
468
00:32:24,575 --> 00:32:27,078
You're sitting
on a small atom bomb.
469
00:32:27,111 --> 00:32:30,181
Of course, the landing
had never been done before;
470
00:32:30,214 --> 00:32:32,483
That's very risky.
471
00:32:34,419 --> 00:32:39,590
This was the culmination
of a lot of lives that were lost
472
00:32:39,624 --> 00:32:42,760
and a lot of lives
that were tragically broken.
473
00:32:42,794 --> 00:32:47,365
So I was quite concerned
about the mission.
474
00:32:51,502 --> 00:32:54,739
It was clear, first of all,
to the NASA people
475
00:32:54,772 --> 00:32:59,477
that success was not guaranteed
and that there was a chance
476
00:32:59,510 --> 00:33:01,913
of a catastrophic occurrence
477
00:33:01,946 --> 00:33:03,947
with the worst possible...
00:00:00.000
478
00:33:03,948 --> 00:33:03,982
with the worst possible...
479
00:33:03,983 --> 00:33:07,285
Astronauts being
stranded on the moon alive,
480
00:33:07,318 --> 00:33:10,521
but unable to get back.
481
00:33:10,555 --> 00:33:14,492
Nixon had brought
Apollo 8 commander Frank Borman
482
00:33:14,525 --> 00:33:15,793
into the White House
483
00:33:15,827 --> 00:33:20,264
to advise he and his associates.
484
00:33:20,298 --> 00:33:21,866
And it was Borman that said,
485
00:33:21,899 --> 00:33:24,669
"Prepare for what you say
to the widows."
486
00:33:32,810 --> 00:33:34,412
So, up there this morning,
487
00:33:34,445 --> 00:33:36,414
let's all think
of those three men...
488
00:33:36,447 --> 00:33:39,684
Three superb pilots.
489
00:33:39,717 --> 00:33:41,552
Armstrong, the commander;
490
00:33:41,586 --> 00:33:44,422
Aldrin, the man
who will share the journey,
491
00:33:44,455 --> 00:33:47,225
the unknown part of
this lunar journey to the moon;
492
00:33:47,258 --> 00:33:48,902
And Collins, the man
who's going to fly them round.
493
00:33:48,926 --> 00:33:51,729
And here they are at breakfast
a couple of hours ago,
494
00:33:51,763 --> 00:33:53,464
and the traditional
steak and eggs,
495
00:33:53,498 --> 00:33:54,632
and how they can eat it
496
00:33:54,665 --> 00:33:56,868
with this journey before them,
497
00:33:56,901 --> 00:33:58,302
Lord alone knows.
498
00:34:03,074 --> 00:34:04,675
At this moment,
499
00:34:04,709 --> 00:34:07,412
millions of Frenchmen are glued
to their television sets
500
00:34:07,445 --> 00:34:10,214
to watch
the launching of Apollo 11.
501
00:34:10,248 --> 00:34:13,251
Britain is not a participant
in the space race,
502
00:34:13,284 --> 00:34:16,254
but she is an avid spectator.
503
00:34:16,287 --> 00:34:18,890
They're going
to land on the moon.
504
00:34:18,923 --> 00:34:20,925
And then what are they
going to do?
505
00:34:20,958 --> 00:34:23,094
They're going to walk around.
506
00:34:23,127 --> 00:34:25,863
And then what are they going to do?
Go back up.
507
00:34:25,897 --> 00:34:26,998
Well, in my opinion,
508
00:34:27,031 --> 00:34:30,435
it's a very, very marvelous
achievement.
509
00:34:30,468 --> 00:34:31,803
I only hope it's successful.
510
00:34:31,836 --> 00:34:33,805
I think it's disgusting.
511
00:34:33,838 --> 00:34:36,441
It's a pity they haven't got
something else to do.
512
00:34:44,682 --> 00:34:48,986
It has to be over 100 degrees
here in the broiling Florida sun
513
00:34:49,020 --> 00:34:51,889
where the V.I.Ps.,
the very important persons,
514
00:34:51,923 --> 00:34:56,027
and indeed, the V.V.I.Ps... the
very, very important persons...
515
00:34:56,060 --> 00:35:00,598
Are gathered to watch
this launch just downrange.
516
00:35:00,631 --> 00:35:03,601
Among them here
are former President Johnson,
517
00:35:03,634 --> 00:35:05,803
who helped to shape
the space program
518
00:35:05,837 --> 00:35:07,205
as Senate majority leader,
519
00:35:07,238 --> 00:35:09,340
the new vice president,
Mr. Agnew,
520
00:35:09,373 --> 00:35:12,276
who has already
stirred a controversy
521
00:35:12,310 --> 00:35:14,846
by suggesting that this
administration commit itself
522
00:35:14,879 --> 00:35:18,082
to sending a man to Mars
by the end of the century.
523
00:35:18,116 --> 00:35:19,417
We're now coming up on...
524
00:35:19,450 --> 00:35:22,787
Ten minutes away
from our Apollo liftoff.
525
00:35:22,820 --> 00:35:26,791
Mark, T minus ten minutes
and counting,
526
00:35:26,824 --> 00:35:28,435
we're aiming for
our planned liftoff of...
527
00:35:28,459 --> 00:35:31,729
I was doing the countdown
commentary
528
00:35:31,762 --> 00:35:35,266
from the back row
of the launch control center.
529
00:35:35,299 --> 00:35:37,177
Launch control center
is about three-and-a-half miles
530
00:35:37,201 --> 00:35:41,372
from the launch pads,
which is considered to be
531
00:35:41,405 --> 00:35:45,776
the safe distance as far
as sound and blast is concerned.
532
00:35:45,810 --> 00:35:50,681
My God, we had 3,000 press
people in there for Apollo 11.
533
00:35:52,884 --> 00:35:56,187
They did all kinds of tests,
acoustics tests.
534
00:35:56,220 --> 00:35:58,456
They equated the sound
to sitting in the first row
535
00:35:58,489 --> 00:36:01,726
of a hard rock heavy metal band.
536
00:36:01,759 --> 00:36:03,527
It was just... 00:00:00.000.
537
00:36:03,528 --> 00:36:03,561
It was just...
538
00:36:03,562 --> 00:36:05,630
Wow.
539
00:36:05,663 --> 00:36:07,265
That Eagle was sold.
540
00:36:07,298 --> 00:36:08,966
The swing arm now coming back
541
00:36:09,000 --> 00:36:11,869
to its fully retracted position
as our countdown continues.
542
00:36:11,903 --> 00:36:15,473
T minus four minutes,
50 seconds, and counting.
543
00:36:15,506 --> 00:36:18,309
Skip Schulman
informing the astronauts
544
00:36:18,342 --> 00:36:20,578
that the swing arm's
now coming back...
545
00:36:20,611 --> 00:36:25,283
I think there were 500 people
in that launch control center.
546
00:36:25,316 --> 00:36:28,486
Just rows and rows
of consoles and technicians
547
00:36:28,519 --> 00:36:30,555
sitting looking at
their own particular gauge
548
00:36:30,588 --> 00:36:33,424
that they were monitoring.
549
00:36:33,457 --> 00:36:36,294
I was the only civilian
in there,
550
00:36:36,327 --> 00:36:38,563
because that's
where I was supervising
551
00:36:38,596 --> 00:36:42,934
the filming of the launch.
552
00:36:42,967 --> 00:36:45,703
That's the first time
I understood
553
00:36:45,736 --> 00:36:49,974
what it meant to smell fear.
554
00:36:50,007 --> 00:36:52,877
I've heard that expression
ever since I was a kid,
555
00:36:52,910 --> 00:36:56,781
and it was a distinctive smell.
556
00:36:56,814 --> 00:36:59,951
It wasn't body odor,
it was the smell of fear.
557
00:36:59,984 --> 00:37:02,620
Every single
one of those 500 people
558
00:37:02,653 --> 00:37:04,422
was afraid that it would be
559
00:37:04,455 --> 00:37:05,899
their little gauge,
their little valve,
560
00:37:05,923 --> 00:37:08,893
that would go wrong.
561
00:37:10,428 --> 00:37:11,762
All indications
562
00:37:11,796 --> 00:37:14,398
coming into the control center
at this time
563
00:37:14,432 --> 00:37:15,833
indicate we are go,
564
00:37:15,866 --> 00:37:18,536
one minute, 25 seconds
in the counting...
565
00:37:18,569 --> 00:37:19,846
We're getting close,
we're getting close.
566
00:37:19,870 --> 00:37:21,138
All the second-stage tanks
567
00:37:21,172 --> 00:37:22,206
now pressurized,
568
00:37:22,240 --> 00:37:24,308
35 seconds and counting,
569
00:37:24,342 --> 00:37:26,877
we are still go with Apollo 11.
570
00:37:26,911 --> 00:37:30,448
30 seconds and counting.
571
00:37:30,481 --> 00:37:32,984
Astronauts report it feels good.
572
00:37:33,017 --> 00:37:34,752
T minus 25 seconds.
573
00:37:36,988 --> 00:37:38,789
20 seconds and counting.
574
00:37:41,225 --> 00:37:42,627
T minus 15 seconds,
575
00:37:42,660 --> 00:37:44,662
guidance is internal.
576
00:37:44,695 --> 00:37:46,030
12, 11,
577
00:37:46,063 --> 00:37:51,202
ten, nine,
ignition sequence starts,
578
00:37:51,235 --> 00:37:53,871
six, five, four,
579
00:37:53,904 --> 00:37:59,644
three, two, one, zero,
all engine running.
580
00:37:59,677 --> 00:38:01,846
Liftoff, we have a liftoff,
581
00:38:01,879 --> 00:38:04,482
32 minutes past the hour.
582
00:38:04,515 --> 00:38:07,118
Liftoff on Apollo 11.
583
00:38:07,151 --> 00:38:09,120
She's passing the tower,
she's lifting up.
584
00:38:09,153 --> 00:38:10,821
Tower clear.
585
00:38:10,855 --> 00:38:13,357
We have tower clear,
we have tower clear.
586
00:38:13,391 --> 00:38:16,627
We're beginning to feel
the first thunderous roar.
587
00:38:23,434 --> 00:38:25,636
Boy, it looks good.
588
00:38:30,808 --> 00:38:33,477
The building's shaking.
589
00:38:33,511 --> 00:38:37,782
What a moment,
man on the way to the moon.
590
00:38:52,963 --> 00:38:58,102
00:00:00.000
591
00:39:02,707 --> 00:39:06,944
You could feel the vibrations
in the ground.
592
00:39:06,977 --> 00:39:10,181
The sound was deafening,
593
00:39:10,214 --> 00:39:14,585
making your shirt
and your slacks flap.
594
00:39:22,226 --> 00:39:27,131
It was a big-dog experience,
flat out,
595
00:39:27,164 --> 00:39:30,368
it was...
it just took your breath away.
596
00:39:33,771 --> 00:39:36,841
Burning hot, straight,
and true all the way
597
00:39:36,874 --> 00:39:41,512
toward a moon
218,000 miles distant.
598
00:39:41,545 --> 00:39:43,481
A moment many Americans,
many people
599
00:39:43,514 --> 00:39:45,683
never believed could happen
or would happen.
600
00:39:47,685 --> 00:39:49,086
We're through the region of
601
00:39:49,120 --> 00:39:51,389
maximum dynamic pressure now.
602
00:39:59,430 --> 00:40:04,335
No Saturn 5 rocket ever blew up.
603
00:40:04,368 --> 00:40:08,072
Saturn 1, the 1B,
and the Saturn 5,
604
00:40:08,105 --> 00:40:09,740
I thought surely
one of those suckers
605
00:40:09,774 --> 00:40:10,975
was going to blow up.
606
00:40:13,778 --> 00:40:16,580
It's a real tribute
to the engineering
607
00:40:16,614 --> 00:40:19,150
of von Braun's people,
primarily.
608
00:40:24,054 --> 00:40:27,591
33 Saturns were flown
609
00:40:27,625 --> 00:40:29,059
in the time
that they were built...
610
00:40:29,093 --> 00:40:31,762
Never failed.
611
00:40:31,796 --> 00:40:33,164
They completed their mission,
612
00:40:33,197 --> 00:40:35,065
and they never
carried a weapon in space.
613
00:40:36,767 --> 00:40:40,438
And it was done by a bunch
of government guys, you know.
614
00:40:40,471 --> 00:40:42,239
There's really nothing
to say about it...
615
00:40:42,273 --> 00:40:43,873
What can you say
about a sight like that?
616
00:42:19,870 --> 00:42:21,839
This is CBS News color coverage
617
00:42:26,377 --> 00:42:30,548
The Epic Journey of Apollo 11."
618
00:42:30,581 --> 00:42:35,252
As a director, I had to
make this very, very exciting,
619
00:42:35,286 --> 00:42:38,789
and make it more like a movie.
620
00:42:38,822 --> 00:42:41,559
We alone spent
almost a million dollars
621
00:42:41,592 --> 00:42:43,761
on the production,
622
00:42:43,794 --> 00:42:47,565
which for a news event
in those days, in '69,
623
00:42:47,598 --> 00:42:50,534
was astronomical.
624
00:42:52,102 --> 00:42:55,272
Remembering all the great
science fiction B-films
625
00:42:55,306 --> 00:42:57,274
I saw as a boy,
626
00:42:57,308 --> 00:43:00,945
I got a sense of things
627
00:43:00,978 --> 00:43:04,014
that I would like to try and do,
628
00:43:04,048 --> 00:43:07,451
like creating
a full-sized mock-up
629
00:43:07,484 --> 00:43:09,219
on a lunar landscape
630
00:43:09,253 --> 00:43:11,789
and using models
to explain things.
631
00:43:11,822 --> 00:43:16,594
The time is next Sunday,
the place is the lunar surface.
632
00:43:18,362 --> 00:43:21,465
We would say,
"CBS News simulation,".
633
00:43:21,498 --> 00:43:22,666
"CBS News animation,"
634
00:43:22,700 --> 00:43:25,436
telling the audience
this is not from the moon
635
00:43:25,469 --> 00:43:28,606
at this moment in time
or in space.
636
00:43:31,208 --> 00:43:36,680
Doug Trumbull, the great special
effects creator for "2001,"
637
00:43:36,714 --> 00:43:40,651
I called him and hired him
to work for me.
638
00:43:42,386 --> 00:43:44,888
I needed Doug to create
639
00:43:44,922 --> 00:43:49,293
a system for putting
alpha-numeric graphics
640
00:43:49,326 --> 00:43:51,195
on the screen.
641
00:43:51,228 --> 00:43:54,732
We named it HAL,
in honor of HAL from "2001."
642
00:43:54,765 --> 00:43:56,433
HAL has characteristics
643
00:43:56,467 --> 00:43:59,169
unlike most of
the sophisticated machines
644
00:43:59,203 --> 00:44:01,171
you've ever seen, so...
645
00:44:01,205 --> 00:44:02,606
We had Walter talk to HAL.
646
00:44:02,640 --> 00:44:04,875
Welcome to CBS, HAL.
647
00:44:04,908 --> 00:44:07,544
Are your memory banks
keyed up for today's events?
648
00:44:08,779 --> 00:44:10,047
We didn't have a voice,
649
00:44:10,080 --> 00:44:12,583
we didn't go that far.
650
00:44:12,616 --> 00:44:13,884
Might show us, for instance,
651
00:44:13,917 --> 00:44:15,819
how Columbia,
the Command Module,
652
00:44:15,853 --> 00:44:17,421
acquires tracking stations...
653
00:44:17,454 --> 00:44:18,932
We stayed on... I mean,
we were on the air
654
00:44:18,956 --> 00:44:21,358
for 36 straight hours.
655
00:44:21,392 --> 00:44:26,063
We knew that the whole world
was seeing this.
656
00:44:27,297 --> 00:44:28,899
11, Houston,
657
00:44:28,932 --> 00:44:30,343
that's a beautiful picture
now we've got.
658
00:44:30,367 --> 00:44:32,069
We're looking
at a 12-second delay.
659
00:44:32,102 --> 00:44:34,383
And to us, you're just bringing
it down by the optics now.
660
00:44:36,573 --> 00:44:39,076
So, things are going well,
661
00:44:39,109 --> 00:44:41,879
they went into Earth orbit
exactly as planned.
662
00:44:41,912 --> 00:44:44,982
They have gone into their
trans-lunar trajectory,
663
00:44:45,015 --> 00:44:46,250
their course to the moon,
664
00:44:46,283 --> 00:44:47,785
exactly as planned.
665
00:44:47,818 --> 00:44:49,687
They have docked
with the lunar module
666
00:44:49,720 --> 00:44:54,358
still in the third stage
of their Saturn rocket.
667
00:44:54,391 --> 00:44:56,794
They will be ejecting that,
668
00:44:56,827 --> 00:44:59,463
and then, with the lunar module
attached to their nose,
669
00:44:59,496 --> 00:45:01,899
they'll be on the way
to the moon.
670
00:45:01,932 --> 00:45:03,266
Yeah, we're about to open the hatch now.
00:00:00.000.
671
00:45:03,267 --> 00:45:03,300
Yeah, we're about to open
the hatch now.
672
00:45:03,301 --> 00:45:07,004
Right.
673
00:45:07,037 --> 00:45:11,542
We'd been training for
six months on doing something
674
00:45:11,575 --> 00:45:12,910
and getting closer and closer,
675
00:45:12,943 --> 00:45:16,046
and now it's approaching
the time,
676
00:45:16,080 --> 00:45:20,117
and you've finished
your training.
677
00:45:24,521 --> 00:45:28,659
The vehicle is surprisingly free
of any debris moving around,
678
00:45:28,692 --> 00:45:31,428
it's very clean.
679
00:45:31,462 --> 00:45:33,731
11, Houston, it's pretty hard
to describe this view,
680
00:45:33,764 --> 00:45:37,234
it's really, really great.
681
00:45:37,267 --> 00:45:41,538
Now you know how we feel.
682
00:45:41,572 --> 00:45:45,142
Hey, that's a great shot
right there.
683
00:45:45,175 --> 00:45:47,144
We see you in there.
684
00:45:47,177 --> 00:45:50,247
Guess that's Neil and Mike.
685
00:45:50,280 --> 00:45:52,750
Better be, anyway.
686
00:46:11,068 --> 00:46:14,271
But how is the Apollo spaceship
doing?
687
00:46:14,304 --> 00:46:16,473
Latest reports from Houston
say the craft
688
00:46:16,507 --> 00:46:18,709
is in its tenth orbit
of the moon,
689
00:46:18,742 --> 00:46:20,310
while the Soviet spacecraft
Luna 15
690
00:46:20,344 --> 00:46:23,881
is also still in orbit,
but in an elongated path.
691
00:46:23,914 --> 00:46:27,584
Bob, what's the scene
at Houston now?
692
00:46:27,618 --> 00:46:29,353
Well, it's a bit early
in the morning,
693
00:46:29,386 --> 00:46:30,563
but they're beginning to gather.
694
00:46:30,587 --> 00:46:31,989
I think probably you could
695
00:46:32,022 --> 00:46:33,524
sum up the situation here,
696
00:46:33,557 --> 00:46:35,559
the feeling
in most people's mind
697
00:46:35,592 --> 00:46:38,162
is that it's a tremendous sense
of history,
698
00:46:38,195 --> 00:46:40,898
an awareness that this is
699
00:46:40,931 --> 00:46:42,976
the most important thing
historically that's happened
700
00:46:43,000 --> 00:46:44,001
for a long time,
701
00:46:44,034 --> 00:46:45,769
possibly the greatest
physical event
702
00:46:45,803 --> 00:46:47,271
that has ever taken place.
703
00:46:47,304 --> 00:46:48,906
What's the speculation
704
00:46:48,939 --> 00:46:51,041
about the first words
Neil Armstrong will utter
705
00:46:51,074 --> 00:46:52,509
as he steps off the ship?
706
00:46:52,543 --> 00:46:54,678
Well, everyone's noticed
707
00:46:54,711 --> 00:46:57,347
that they're a pretty taciturn
group,
708
00:46:57,381 --> 00:46:58,715
the crew of Apollo 11,
709
00:46:58,749 --> 00:46:59,950
and no one really knows,
710
00:46:59,983 --> 00:47:01,294
and he's been very careful
not to say anything.
711
00:47:01,318 --> 00:47:02,853
He's avoided it.
712
00:47:02,886 --> 00:47:04,464
But there's one curious
little rumor going around.
713
00:47:04,488 --> 00:47:05,823
He comes from a place in Ohio
714
00:47:05,856 --> 00:47:07,558
called Wapakoneta.
715
00:47:07,591 --> 00:47:10,327
Wapakoneta is known
for a cheese factory,
716
00:47:10,360 --> 00:47:12,229
a small cheese factory,
717
00:47:12,262 --> 00:47:15,065
run and owned by a man
called Freddie Fisher.
718
00:47:15,098 --> 00:47:17,234
And for months now,
Armstrong has been playing
719
00:47:17,267 --> 00:47:18,378
a little game
with Freddie Fisher,
720
00:47:18,402 --> 00:47:20,170
because that company's
been trying
721
00:47:20,204 --> 00:47:21,939
to capitalize on the publicity
722
00:47:21,972 --> 00:47:25,309
by referring to the moon
as being made of their cheese.
723
00:47:25,342 --> 00:47:29,112
So it's possible that he may
make some reference to cheese
724
00:47:29,146 --> 00:47:31,014
and it may well be
Freddie Fisher's cheese
725
00:47:31,048 --> 00:47:32,316
that he talks about.
726
00:47:32,349 --> 00:47:35,052
You really think
he might be that corny?
727
00:47:35,085 --> 00:47:38,121
Well, yes.
728
00:47:41,291 --> 00:47:43,460
11, you got
a pretty big audience.
729
00:47:43,493 --> 00:47:46,330
It's live in the U.S.,
it's going live to Japan,
730
00:47:46,363 --> 00:47:48,866
Western Europe,
and much of South America.
731
00:47:48,899 --> 00:47:50,901
Everybody reports
very good color.
732
00:47:50,934 --> 00:47:52,636
Appreciate the great show.
733
00:47:54,471 --> 00:47:55,849
Looks like
it's going to be impossible
734
00:47:55,873 --> 00:47:57,374
to get away from the fact
735
00:47:57,407 --> 00:48:00,978
that you guys are dominating all the
news back here on Earth. 00:00:00.000.
736
00:48:02,512 --> 00:48:05,015
Even "Pravda" in Russia
is headlining the mission
737
00:48:05,048 --> 00:48:09,786
and calls Neil
the tsar of the ship.
738
00:48:09,820 --> 00:48:14,925
Neil wasn't particularly
outgoing.
739
00:48:14,958 --> 00:48:19,096
He was hard to get to know.
740
00:48:21,098 --> 00:48:26,336
I'm not much of a cocktail
discussion person, either.
741
00:48:28,639 --> 00:48:31,608
Yeah, hello there, sports fans,
you got a little bit of me,
742
00:48:31,642 --> 00:48:33,010
but Neil is in the center couch
743
00:48:33,043 --> 00:48:35,913
and Buzz is doing
the camera work this time.
744
00:48:35,946 --> 00:48:38,582
Roger, it's a little dark
there...
745
00:48:38,615 --> 00:48:42,152
Mike was the one that probably
had the better sense of humor
746
00:48:42,185 --> 00:48:45,188
of seeing the lighter side
of life.
747
00:48:45,222 --> 00:48:47,224
I would have put on
a coat and tie
748
00:48:47,257 --> 00:48:49,326
if I'd known about this
ahead of time.
749
00:48:49,359 --> 00:48:52,930
We are very comfortable up here
though, we do have a happy home.
750
00:48:52,963 --> 00:48:54,765
There's plenty of room
for the three of us,
751
00:48:54,798 --> 00:48:57,367
and I think...
752
00:48:57,401 --> 00:49:02,372
Mike asked him, at one time when
we were in the command module,
753
00:49:02,406 --> 00:49:03,974
approaching the moon,
754
00:49:04,007 --> 00:49:06,810
he said, "Well, Neil,
have you thought"
755
00:49:06,843 --> 00:49:09,079
about what you're going to say?"
756
00:49:09,112 --> 00:49:13,750
Because of course the newspapers
were posing the question,
757
00:49:13,784 --> 00:49:15,452
"What will the first man say
758
00:49:15,485 --> 00:49:18,922
when he puts his foot
on the ground?"
759
00:49:18,956 --> 00:49:22,993
Mike said, "Did you think
about what you're going to say?"
760
00:49:23,026 --> 00:49:27,264
And Neil said, "No, no,
I'll wait till I get there"
761
00:49:27,297 --> 00:49:28,365
and think about it,"
762
00:49:28,398 --> 00:49:30,367
and I don't think
Mike believed him,
763
00:49:30,400 --> 00:49:34,237
and I didn't, either.
764
00:49:38,842 --> 00:49:40,811
Columbia, Houston...
We'll have I.O.S.
765
00:49:40,844 --> 00:49:44,014
at one-zero-one-two-eight,
AOS for you...
766
00:49:44,047 --> 00:49:47,250
One-zero-two-one-five, over.
767
00:49:47,284 --> 00:49:48,986
Houston has just told Apollo 11,
768
00:49:49,019 --> 00:49:50,921
"We'll see you
on the other side."
769
00:49:50,954 --> 00:49:53,156
They told them that
a few minutes ago.
770
00:49:53,190 --> 00:49:55,759
They are not,
as everybody knows by now,
771
00:49:55,792 --> 00:49:57,394
a very talkative crew.
772
00:49:57,427 --> 00:49:59,863
They said, "We'll see you
on the other side,"
773
00:49:59,896 --> 00:50:03,433
and the response
from Apollo 11 was, "Okay."
774
00:50:18,382 --> 00:50:21,518
We're approaching one of the
critical moments of this flight.
775
00:50:21,551 --> 00:50:24,421
At 1:46 p.m.
Eastern Daylight Time,
776
00:50:24,454 --> 00:50:26,189
the command module
and the lunar module
777
00:50:26,223 --> 00:50:28,992
will begin undocking,
778
00:50:29,026 --> 00:50:32,295
the lunar module cutting itself
free from the command module,
779
00:50:32,329 --> 00:50:33,397
beginning the maneuvers,
780
00:50:33,430 --> 00:50:36,666
which, in two hours
and 32 minutes from now,
781
00:50:36,700 --> 00:50:39,336
should place it
on the surface of the moon.
782
00:50:55,519 --> 00:50:58,155
Hear you loud and clear,
Houston.
783
00:50:58,188 --> 00:50:59,823
Roger, same now.
784
00:50:59,856 --> 00:51:01,825
Could you repeat
your burn status report?
785
00:51:01,858 --> 00:51:04,727
We copied the residuals and burn time
and that was about it. 00:00:00.000.
786
00:51:04,728 --> 00:51:04,761
We copied the residuals and
burn time and that was about it.
787
00:51:04,762 --> 00:51:08,098
Send the whole thing again,
please.
788
00:51:08,131 --> 00:51:11,201
It was right perfect.
789
00:51:11,234 --> 00:51:14,304
Altitude zero, burn time 557...
790
00:51:14,337 --> 00:51:17,607
Zero, one, eight-eight, niner.
791
00:51:17,641 --> 00:51:19,976
As they're circling
the moon now,
792
00:51:20,010 --> 00:51:25,282
at this altitude,
the Luna 15 is in an orbit
793
00:51:25,315 --> 00:51:27,617
similar to the one that
the lunar module will assume
794
00:51:27,651 --> 00:51:31,855
after that descent orbit
insertion burn.
795
00:51:31,888 --> 00:51:36,326
Showed... 60.9 by 169.9.
796
00:51:36,359 --> 00:51:38,261
It does increase the speculation
797
00:51:38,295 --> 00:51:42,232
as to what
the Soviet unmanned spacecraft
798
00:51:42,265 --> 00:51:44,634
is doing up there.
799
00:51:44,668 --> 00:51:46,603
Okay, Charlie, we're in the lab.
800
00:51:46,636 --> 00:51:49,439
Okay, it's a go there, CapCom,
on the hot and fire.
801
00:51:49,473 --> 00:51:51,150
Okay, all flight controllers,
going around the horn,
802
00:51:51,174 --> 00:51:52,209
go-no go for undocking.
803
00:51:52,242 --> 00:51:54,511
- Okay, retro?
- Go.
804
00:51:54,544 --> 00:51:56,780
- Fido? Go.
- Guidance? Go.
805
00:51:56,813 --> 00:51:58,381
- Control? Go.
- Telcom? Go.
806
00:51:58,415 --> 00:51:59,950
- GNC? Go.
- E-Com? Go.
807
00:51:59,983 --> 00:52:01,384
Surgeon? Go.
808
00:52:01,418 --> 00:52:03,120
CapCom, we're go for undocking.
809
00:52:06,389 --> 00:52:09,993
When it was time to descend
from lunar orbit
810
00:52:10,026 --> 00:52:10,994
and land on the moon,
811
00:52:11,027 --> 00:52:12,395
I was there watching.
812
00:52:13,763 --> 00:52:18,368
The descent to the lunar surface
happened pretty quickly.
813
00:52:18,401 --> 00:52:20,437
It was tense.
814
00:52:20,470 --> 00:52:22,572
Hello, Eagle, Houston.
815
00:52:22,606 --> 00:52:25,075
We're standing by, over.
816
00:52:32,916 --> 00:52:34,260
Eagle, Houston...
Houston, we see you
817
00:52:34,284 --> 00:52:35,619
on the steerable, over.
818
00:52:38,488 --> 00:52:40,724
Roger, Eagle is undocked.
819
00:52:42,759 --> 00:52:43,960
Roger, how does it look?
820
00:52:43,994 --> 00:52:45,962
The Eagle has wings.
821
00:52:45,996 --> 00:52:48,698
Rog.
822
00:52:59,843 --> 00:53:03,079
Eagle, Houston,
we recommend you yaw ten right.
823
00:53:03,113 --> 00:53:04,891
It will help us on
the high-gain signal strength.
824
00:53:04,915 --> 00:53:06,950
Over.
825
00:53:40,917 --> 00:53:43,987
Okay, all flight controllers,
go-no go for powered descent.
826
00:53:44,020 --> 00:53:45,855
Retro? MAN: Go. Fido? Go.
827
00:53:45,889 --> 00:53:47,958
- Guidance? Go.
- Control? Go.
828
00:53:47,991 --> 00:53:49,492
- TelCom? Go.
- GNC? Go.
829
00:53:49,526 --> 00:53:50,927
- E-Com? Go.
- Surgeon? Go.
830
00:53:50,961 --> 00:53:53,830
CapCom, we're go
for powered descent.
831
00:53:55,565 --> 00:53:57,834
Gene Kranz getting
a go-no go for descent.
832
00:54:00,470 --> 00:54:03,405
I did not think we'd land Apollo 11.
00:00:00.000
833
00:54:03,406 --> 00:54:03,440
I did not think we'd land
Apollo 11.
834
00:54:03,441 --> 00:54:05,442
I don't think anybody
835
00:54:05,475 --> 00:54:08,011
thought we would actually land
the first time.
836
00:54:08,044 --> 00:54:09,355
We figured that something
would happen,
837
00:54:09,379 --> 00:54:10,847
we'd get a wave-off, you know,
838
00:54:10,880 --> 00:54:12,549
something...
It just wouldn't go right.
839
00:54:12,582 --> 00:54:13,817
Moments now.
840
00:54:13,850 --> 00:54:15,852
Roger.
841
00:54:15,885 --> 00:54:20,090
They are face down,
windows down.
842
00:54:20,123 --> 00:54:22,359
You're go to continue
powered descent,
843
00:54:22,392 --> 00:54:24,561
you're a go
to continue powered descent.
844
00:54:26,129 --> 00:54:27,631
Okay, everybody,
let's hang tight
845
00:54:27,664 --> 00:54:29,432
and look for landing radar.
846
00:54:29,466 --> 00:54:32,969
Ten minutes to the touch down.
847
00:54:36,106 --> 00:54:37,874
Boy.
848
00:54:37,907 --> 00:54:41,578
Ten minutes
to a landing on the moon.
849
00:54:41,611 --> 00:54:44,648
Bear in mind that for everyone
all over the world
850
00:54:44,681 --> 00:54:45,915
who was watching this,
851
00:54:45,949 --> 00:54:50,053
during the descent to the moon,
852
00:54:50,086 --> 00:54:52,322
it was an audio experience.
853
00:54:52,355 --> 00:54:55,225
The camera that shows
the descent right to the surface
854
00:54:55,258 --> 00:54:57,861
is a film camera,
855
00:54:57,894 --> 00:54:59,362
so as it was happening,
856
00:54:59,396 --> 00:55:01,464
it's not readily viewable.
857
00:55:01,498 --> 00:55:05,368
You're seeing here
our CBS simulation
858
00:55:05,402 --> 00:55:07,637
of what should be taking place
at this moment,
859
00:55:07,671 --> 00:55:10,874
according to the flight plan.
860
00:55:13,443 --> 00:55:15,145
Our position is just down range.
861
00:55:15,178 --> 00:55:16,579
It appears to be a little long.
862
00:55:16,613 --> 00:55:19,215
Roger, copy.
863
00:55:19,249 --> 00:55:21,785
That was Armstrong saying
that they're a little long,
864
00:55:21,818 --> 00:55:23,286
down range on position.
865
00:55:23,320 --> 00:55:24,688
They'll have to correct
slightly.
866
00:55:24,721 --> 00:55:26,489
They should be
through 45,000 feet...
867
00:55:28,992 --> 00:55:32,595
I kept thinking,
as the lunar module went down
868
00:55:32,629 --> 00:55:35,198
from the command module
in lunar orbit,
869
00:55:35,231 --> 00:55:37,434
and got closer and closer
and closer,
870
00:55:37,467 --> 00:55:39,936
I kept thinking
they were going to abort.
871
00:55:39,969 --> 00:55:42,138
I mean, they're not going
to make it on the first try.
872
00:55:42,172 --> 00:55:44,908
Inconceivable in my eyes.
873
00:55:44,941 --> 00:55:46,185
Houston, you're looking
at our Delta H.
874
00:55:46,209 --> 00:55:47,444
That's affirmative.
875
00:55:47,477 --> 00:55:48,912
Program alarm.
876
00:55:48,945 --> 00:55:50,447
Looking good to us, over.
877
00:55:51,281 --> 00:55:54,451
It's a 1202.
878
00:55:54,484 --> 00:55:55,485
1202.
879
00:55:55,518 --> 00:55:56,595
Of course the computer was,
880
00:55:56,619 --> 00:55:57,854
you know, overloading.
881
00:55:57,887 --> 00:56:00,090
Houston, give us a reading
882
00:56:00,123 --> 00:56:02,492
on the 1202 program alarm.
883
00:56:02,525 --> 00:56:04,728
They had a computer
on the spacecraft
884
00:56:04,761 --> 00:56:06,696
that would make your iPhone
885
00:56:06,730 --> 00:56:09,099
look like the most powerful
thing in the world.
886
00:56:09,132 --> 00:56:11,000
It was, it was primitive.
887
00:56:11,034 --> 00:56:12,969
We're still go,
altitude 27,000 feet...
888
00:56:13,002 --> 00:56:14,504
Same alarm,
889
00:56:14,537 --> 00:56:16,873
and it appears to come up
when have a 1668 up.
890
00:56:16,906 --> 00:56:18,675
Roger, copy.
891
00:56:18,708 --> 00:56:19,876
Okay, we'll monitor...
892
00:56:19,909 --> 00:56:21,378
What's this alarm, Wally?
893
00:56:21,411 --> 00:56:23,613
It's a go case
894
00:56:23,646 --> 00:56:25,982
that just apparently some...
895
00:56:26,015 --> 00:56:28,852
function that's coming up
on the computers.
896
00:56:28,885 --> 00:56:30,720
Delta H looks good now.
897
00:56:30,754 --> 00:56:32,489
Roger, Delta H is
looking good to us.
898
00:56:32,522 --> 00:56:34,891
Okay, all flight controllers,
hang tight.
899
00:56:34,924 --> 00:56:36,626
There were all these problems.
900
00:56:36,659 --> 00:56:38,895
Descent two, fuel crit.
901
00:56:38,928 --> 00:56:40,397
Descent two,
902
00:56:40,430 --> 00:56:43,233
fuel critical.
He didn't want to say critical.
903
00:56:43,266 --> 00:56:45,135
Eagle, Houston,
it's descent two.
904
00:56:45,168 --> 00:56:46,536
Fuel to monitor, over.
905
00:56:46,569 --> 00:56:47,880
They were running low
on propellant
906
00:56:47,904 --> 00:56:53,610
and they had overshot
the landing site.
907
00:56:53,643 --> 00:56:54,978
Boy.
908
00:56:55,011 --> 00:56:56,913
Down to two.
909
00:56:56,946 --> 00:57:00,283
Altitude 13,005.
910
00:57:00,316 --> 00:57:02,251
They're just a little under
five miles 00:00:00.000.
911
00:57:02,252 --> 00:57:02,285
They're just
a little under five miles
912
00:57:02,286 --> 00:57:03,553
from the landing site.
913
00:57:03,586 --> 00:57:05,455
And that high gate...
914
00:57:05,488 --> 00:57:07,133
We're now in the approach phase,
everything looking good.
915
00:57:07,157 --> 00:57:08,825
They have 70 seconds in which
916
00:57:08,858 --> 00:57:10,160
to redesignate the landing site,
917
00:57:10,193 --> 00:57:11,795
to take a good look at it now
918
00:57:11,828 --> 00:57:12,962
if they want to change it.
919
00:57:12,996 --> 00:57:14,297
Says we're go.
920
00:57:14,330 --> 00:57:15,765
Altitude 9,200 feet.
921
00:57:15,799 --> 00:57:17,167
You're looking great.
922
00:57:17,200 --> 00:57:19,302
In that high gate now,
923
00:57:19,335 --> 00:57:22,739
slowing down below 300 miles
an hour...
924
00:57:22,772 --> 00:57:24,774
129 feet per second...
925
00:57:24,808 --> 00:57:26,342
Just a little more
926
00:57:26,376 --> 00:57:29,078
than 100-mile-an-hour
descent rate.
927
00:57:34,050 --> 00:57:37,554
They're getting a look now such
as no man has ever had
928
00:57:37,587 --> 00:57:39,756
at the surface of the moon.
929
00:57:39,789 --> 00:57:42,325
They should be getting
a good look at it now.
930
00:57:42,358 --> 00:57:44,260
They should decide very soon
if they like it.
931
00:57:44,294 --> 00:57:46,335
Eagle, you're looking great,
coming up nine minutes.
932
00:57:48,131 --> 00:57:49,632
We're now in the approach phase.
933
00:57:49,666 --> 00:57:52,435
Everything looking good.
934
00:57:52,469 --> 00:57:54,637
Okay, all flight controllers,
go-no go for landing.
935
00:57:54,671 --> 00:57:56,172
Retro? MAN: Go. Fido? Go.
936
00:57:56,206 --> 00:57:57,574
- Guidance? Go.
- Control? Go.
937
00:57:57,607 --> 00:57:59,075
- TelCom? Go.
- GNC? Go.
938
00:57:59,108 --> 00:58:00,844
- E-Com? Go.
- Surgeon? Go.
939
00:58:00,877 --> 00:58:02,946
CapCom, we're go for landing.
940
00:58:02,979 --> 00:58:04,779
Eagle, Houston,
you're a go for landing, over.
941
00:58:08,318 --> 00:58:10,019
Roger, understand.
942
00:58:10,053 --> 00:58:12,288
Go for landing, 3,000 feet.
943
00:58:12,322 --> 00:58:13,656
Program alarm.
944
00:58:13,690 --> 00:58:15,758
- 1201.
- 1201.
945
00:58:15,792 --> 00:58:17,360
Roger, 1201 alarm.
946
00:58:17,393 --> 00:58:21,231
Good heavens.
947
00:58:21,264 --> 00:58:26,369
Gene Kranz, who was
the mission director,
948
00:58:26,402 --> 00:58:29,038
he had to make a decision
to let the landing proceed
949
00:58:29,072 --> 00:58:32,442
or whether to abort it.
950
00:58:32,475 --> 00:58:33,810
Roger, 1201 alarm.
951
00:58:33,843 --> 00:58:35,144
- Same type.
- We're go, flight.
952
00:58:35,178 --> 00:58:36,746
Okay, we're go.
953
00:58:36,779 --> 00:58:38,248
- We're go. Same type.
- We're go.
954
00:58:38,281 --> 00:58:40,650
Flight fighter right on,
real good.
955
00:58:40,683 --> 00:58:42,051
2,000 feet, 2,000 feet,
956
00:58:42,085 --> 00:58:43,553
into the AGS, 47 degrees.
957
00:58:43,586 --> 00:58:45,188
Roger.
958
00:58:45,221 --> 00:58:47,056
How's our margin looking, Bob?
959
00:58:47,090 --> 00:58:49,559
It looks okay, we're
about four and a half.
960
00:58:49,592 --> 00:58:51,261
Okay, rog.
961
00:58:51,294 --> 00:58:52,862
He stayed cool and calm
962
00:58:52,896 --> 00:58:54,697
and he kept everybody focused.
963
00:58:54,731 --> 00:58:55,999
No panic.
964
00:58:56,032 --> 00:58:57,209
He had confidence in Armstrong,
965
00:58:57,233 --> 00:59:01,137
that Armstrong would manage
966
00:59:01,170 --> 00:59:03,806
the fuel consumption
967
00:59:03,840 --> 00:59:06,142
and the altitude.
968
00:59:06,175 --> 00:59:07,377
But it was touch-and-go.
969
00:59:07,410 --> 00:59:08,845
They got a momentary alarm
970
00:59:08,878 --> 00:59:10,222
on their system there,
but decided that...
971
00:59:10,246 --> 00:59:11,748
Eagle looking great, you're go.
972
00:59:11,781 --> 00:59:14,350
It was nothing.
973
00:59:14,384 --> 00:59:17,053
Now, to our right, now...
974
00:59:17,086 --> 00:59:18,688
The other thing that happened...
975
00:59:18,721 --> 00:59:21,157
The landing site
that he was supposed to land
976
00:59:21,190 --> 00:59:23,860
was a big crater,
977
00:59:23,893 --> 00:59:26,296
and Neil,
he saw this giant crater
978
00:59:26,329 --> 00:59:29,532
about 60 feet deep,
100 yards wide,
979
00:59:29,566 --> 00:59:32,201
and he put that thing
in a hover position
980
00:59:32,235 --> 00:59:35,505
with 30 seconds of fuel left
in the tank.
981
00:59:35,538 --> 00:59:37,907
They've got a good look
at their site now.
982
00:59:37,941 --> 00:59:39,652
This is the point in time
they're going to hover,
983
00:59:39,676 --> 00:59:41,520
- they've got to make a decision.
- Down three and a half.
984
00:59:41,544 --> 00:59:44,347
I think we'd better
be quiet now.
985
00:59:44,380 --> 00:59:45,915
Rog.
986
00:59:45,949 --> 00:59:48,685
Okay, the only call-outs
from now on will be fuel.
987
00:59:48,718 --> 00:59:52,422
All we knew was that Armstrong
988
00:59:52,455 --> 00:59:54,123
was manually steering
the lunar module
989
00:59:54,157 --> 00:59:57,727
looking for a safe place
to land,
990
00:59:57,760 --> 01:00:03,031
and the fuel kept running lower,
and lower, and lower. 00:00:00.000
991
01:00:03,032 --> 01:00:03,066
and the fuel kept running lower,
and lower, and lower.
992
01:00:03,067 --> 01:00:05,201
Okay, 75 feet.
993
01:00:05,234 --> 01:00:07,937
Guys, we're looking good,
down a half... six forward.
994
01:00:07,971 --> 01:00:10,840
- Low level.
- Low level.
995
01:00:10,873 --> 01:00:14,944
60 seconds, lights on.
996
01:00:14,978 --> 01:00:18,615
Down two and a half.
997
01:00:18,648 --> 01:00:22,118
Forward, forward.
998
01:00:22,151 --> 01:00:23,853
40 feet down, two and a half,
999
01:00:23,886 --> 01:00:25,622
picking up some dust.
1000
01:00:25,655 --> 01:00:27,657
Big shadow.
1001
01:00:27,690 --> 01:00:29,959
Four forward, four forward,
1002
01:00:29,993 --> 01:00:31,728
drifting to the right a little.
1003
01:00:31,761 --> 01:00:34,430
- Down a half.
- 30, 30 seconds.
1004
01:00:34,464 --> 01:00:36,132
Contact light.
1005
01:00:36,165 --> 01:00:37,567
Okay, engines stopped.
1006
01:00:37,600 --> 01:00:38,768
A.C.A. out of descent.
1007
01:00:38,801 --> 01:00:39,902
Copy.
1008
01:00:39,936 --> 01:00:41,137
Mode control, both auto.
1009
01:00:41,170 --> 01:00:42,448
Descent engine command override
off.
1010
01:00:42,472 --> 01:00:43,806
Engine arm off.
1011
01:00:43,840 --> 01:00:45,108
We've had shut down.
1012
01:00:45,141 --> 01:00:46,342
413 is in.
1013
01:00:46,376 --> 01:00:47,577
Holy.
1014
01:00:47,610 --> 01:00:49,812
They made it, on the first try.
1015
01:00:49,846 --> 01:00:51,247
We copy you down, Eagle.
1016
01:00:55,985 --> 01:00:58,988
Tranquility Base here,
the Eagle has landed.
1017
01:00:59,022 --> 01:01:01,891
Roger, 20, Tranquility,
we copy you on the ground.
1018
01:01:01,924 --> 01:01:03,469
You got a bunch of guys
about to turn blue,
1019
01:01:03,493 --> 01:01:04,737
we're breathing again...
Thanks a lot.
1020
01:01:04,761 --> 01:01:06,162
Man on the moon.
1021
01:01:06,195 --> 01:01:07,597
"Houston, Tranquility Base."
1022
01:01:07,630 --> 01:01:09,032
We're looking good here.
1023
01:01:09,065 --> 01:01:10,633
"The Eagle has landed."
1024
01:01:10,667 --> 01:01:12,101
Eagle has landed,
Tranquility Base.
1025
01:01:12,135 --> 01:01:14,871
Boy.
1026
01:01:14,904 --> 01:01:16,839
Okay, keep the chatter down
in this room.
1027
01:01:16,873 --> 01:01:19,575
It looks like we're venting
the oxidizer now.
1028
01:01:19,609 --> 01:01:22,011
Roger, Eagle, and you
are stay for T1.
1029
01:01:22,045 --> 01:01:25,081
Houston, the autotargeting was
1030
01:01:25,114 --> 01:01:28,117
taking us right into
a football field-sized crater...
1031
01:01:28,151 --> 01:01:33,523
Neil landed with
17 seconds of fuel left.
1032
01:01:33,556 --> 01:01:35,758
Rog, Tranquility, be advised,
1033
01:01:35,792 --> 01:01:38,728
there are lots of smiling faces
in this room
1034
01:01:38,761 --> 01:01:40,430
and all over the world, over.
1035
01:01:54,911 --> 01:01:57,280
That's what the cheers
and applause are for.
1036
01:01:57,313 --> 01:01:59,549
They're on the moon right now.
1037
01:02:02,218 --> 01:02:06,489
And it's a standing ovation.
1038
01:02:06,522 --> 01:02:08,458
Very inspiring.
1039
01:02:17,166 --> 01:02:20,603
You ripped the copy
out of a typewriter.
1040
01:02:20,636 --> 01:02:22,081
And you've got
your Western Union guy,
1041
01:02:22,105 --> 01:02:23,372
grab the copy,
1042
01:02:23,406 --> 01:02:25,775
run over, teletype to New York.
1043
01:02:25,808 --> 01:02:27,910
And there was a guy in New York
1044
01:02:27,944 --> 01:02:31,647
who was assigned
to ripping my copy
1045
01:02:31,681 --> 01:02:33,349
off the teletype machine,
1046
01:02:33,382 --> 01:02:35,518
rushing it over
to the national desk,
1047
01:02:35,551 --> 01:02:39,822
and he told me that was the most
exciting day of his life.
1048
01:02:39,856 --> 01:02:43,493
It was a good day,
I mean, it was a giddy day,
1049
01:02:43,526 --> 01:02:45,428
I think, for a lot of us.
1050
01:02:45,461 --> 01:02:47,430
Another morning newspaper...
1051
01:02:47,463 --> 01:02:51,701
Nothing quite matched that day.
1052
01:02:51,734 --> 01:02:53,569
Yes, Jim, I don't want
to interrupt you,
1053
01:02:53,603 --> 01:02:56,405
but we have just
had a bulletin from U.P.I,
1054
01:02:56,439 --> 01:02:58,875
United Press International,
from Jodrell Bank in England.
1055
01:02:58,908 --> 01:03:01,077
The Jodrell Bank
tracking station said today
1056
01:03:01,110 --> 01:03:04,045
indications were Russia's
Luna 15 satellite 00:00:00.000
1057
01:03:04,046 --> 01:03:04,080
indications were
Russia's Luna 15 satellite
1058
01:03:04,081 --> 01:03:06,482
has landed on the moon.
1059
01:03:06,516 --> 01:03:09,852
They say now that Luna 15
has landed on the moon
1060
01:03:09,886 --> 01:03:14,323
in the Sea of Crises,
about 500 miles away
1061
01:03:14,357 --> 01:03:16,893
from the landing site
of Apollo 11.
1062
01:03:16,926 --> 01:03:19,095
If we look at
the moon's surface,
1063
01:03:19,128 --> 01:03:22,231
Luna 15 came over
Eagle's landing area.
1064
01:03:22,265 --> 01:03:25,001
This is roughly site two here,
1065
01:03:25,034 --> 01:03:26,602
and somewhere in this area
1066
01:03:26,636 --> 01:03:30,206
is where Jodrell Bank
claims Luna 15 landed.
1067
01:03:30,239 --> 01:03:30,940
One of the scientists
1068
01:03:30,973 --> 01:03:33,042
at Jodrell Bank
1069
01:03:33,075 --> 01:03:34,343
is now quoted as saying,
1070
01:03:34,377 --> 01:03:36,479
"It is now possible
that the Russian probe
1071
01:03:36,512 --> 01:03:39,582
will be back faster
than the Americans."
1072
01:03:39,615 --> 01:03:41,384
There may be savings in time
1073
01:03:41,417 --> 01:03:44,720
with an unmanned craft
with no docking procedure.
1074
01:03:51,227 --> 01:03:52,495
So, recapping:
1075
01:03:52,528 --> 01:03:55,565
All is well at Tranquility Base
aboard Eagle,
1076
01:03:55,598 --> 01:03:58,034
the moon walk due to begin
about 20 minutes from now.
1077
01:04:00,269 --> 01:04:01,737
The moonwalk now beginning
1078
01:04:01,771 --> 01:04:07,343
just about an hour later
than originally planned.
1079
01:04:07,376 --> 01:04:10,279
That screen, blank at the moment
there in Mission Control
1080
01:04:10,313 --> 01:04:14,383
as we look at it direct
via satellite from Houston.
1081
01:04:14,417 --> 01:04:16,586
Houston, this is Tranquility.
1082
01:04:16,619 --> 01:04:18,988
We're standing by for a go
for cabin depress, over.
1083
01:04:19,021 --> 01:04:20,756
Tranquility Base,
1084
01:04:20,790 --> 01:04:23,459
this is Houston, you are go
for cabin depressurization.
1085
01:04:23,492 --> 01:04:25,995
Go for cabin depressurization.
1086
01:04:26,028 --> 01:04:28,664
Roger, thank you.
1087
01:04:28,698 --> 01:04:29,799
Armstrong beginning
1088
01:04:29,832 --> 01:04:31,834
that very cumbersome
and difficult act
1089
01:04:31,868 --> 01:04:33,078
of getting down
on his stomach...
1090
01:04:33,102 --> 01:04:34,303
How am I doing?
1091
01:04:34,337 --> 01:04:35,571
You're doing fine.
1092
01:04:35,605 --> 01:04:37,773
To go out feet first.
1093
01:04:37,807 --> 01:04:40,409
They're obviously going
extra-careful.
1094
01:04:40,443 --> 01:04:41,644
At most...
1095
01:04:41,677 --> 01:04:43,145
Unless he really
takes his time...
1096
01:04:43,179 --> 01:04:44,523
It should be no more
than a minute and a half
1097
01:04:44,547 --> 01:04:46,315
to two minutes from now.
1098
01:04:48,718 --> 01:04:50,753
Okay, Houston, I'm on the porch.
1099
01:04:50,786 --> 01:04:54,490
Armstrong is out
on the porch, outside.
1100
01:04:54,523 --> 01:04:55,992
Okay.
1101
01:05:01,297 --> 01:05:03,532
Hand rails there.
1102
01:05:03,566 --> 01:05:06,535
Then from the front porch down
to the first rung of the ladder.
1103
01:05:06,569 --> 01:05:09,305
Any minute now, he should
release the controls
1104
01:05:09,338 --> 01:05:10,606
that turns on the television.
1105
01:05:10,640 --> 01:05:12,475
Any minute now
we should see pictures.
1106
01:05:15,745 --> 01:05:20,049
Houston, roger, we copy, and
we're standing by for your TV.
1107
01:05:20,082 --> 01:05:22,184
Can we verify
TV circuit breaker in?
1108
01:05:23,819 --> 01:05:25,187
Roger, TV circuit breaker's in.
1109
01:05:27,990 --> 01:05:29,358
And read you five square.
1110
01:05:29,392 --> 01:05:30,693
Roger.
1111
01:05:33,696 --> 01:05:35,197
And we're getting
a picture on the TV.
1112
01:05:40,770 --> 01:05:42,605
There's a great deal
of contrast in it,
1113
01:05:42,638 --> 01:05:45,908
and currently it's
upside down on our monitor,
1114
01:05:45,942 --> 01:05:47,677
but we can make out
a fair amount of detail.
1115
01:05:49,845 --> 01:05:51,213
Man, that's...
1116
01:05:58,421 --> 01:06:00,523
Okay, can you
verify the position,
1117
01:06:00,556 --> 01:06:03,325
the opening eye you have on the camera?
00:00:00.000
1118
01:06:03,326 --> 01:06:03,359
the opening eye you have
on the camera?
1119
01:06:03,360 --> 01:06:07,563
Stand by.
1120
01:06:11,067 --> 01:06:13,769
There he is, there's a foot
coming down the step.
1121
01:06:18,808 --> 01:06:21,811
Okay, Neil, we can see you
coming down the ladder now.
1122
01:06:25,081 --> 01:06:28,551
There is Armstrong.
1123
01:06:28,584 --> 01:06:31,053
Okay, I just checked
1124
01:06:31,087 --> 01:06:35,391
getting back up
to that first step, it's...
1125
01:06:35,424 --> 01:06:37,193
The ladder didn't collapse
too far,
1126
01:06:37,226 --> 01:06:39,962
but it's adequate
to get back up.
1127
01:06:39,996 --> 01:06:41,464
Roger, we copy.
1128
01:06:41,497 --> 01:06:43,466
It's a pretty good little jump.
1129
01:06:59,582 --> 01:07:03,853
I'm at the foot of the ladder,
the LEM foot pads
1130
01:07:03,886 --> 01:07:07,356
are only depressed
in the surface
1131
01:07:07,390 --> 01:07:10,159
about one or two inches,
1132
01:07:10,192 --> 01:07:15,531
although the surface appears
to be very finely grained
1133
01:07:15,564 --> 01:07:17,266
as you get close to it,
1134
01:07:17,299 --> 01:07:19,502
it's almost like a powder.
1135
01:07:22,705 --> 01:07:24,707
Going to step off the LEM now.
1136
01:07:34,417 --> 01:07:39,522
That's one small step for man,
1137
01:07:39,555 --> 01:07:44,393
one giant leap for mankind.
1138
01:08:00,476 --> 01:08:03,846
That was Neil's quote,
I didn't understand.
1139
01:08:03,879 --> 01:08:05,247
One small step for man,
1140
01:08:05,281 --> 01:08:08,317
but I didn't get
the second phrase.
1141
01:08:08,350 --> 01:08:12,521
If some one of our monitors
here, at space headquarters,
1142
01:08:12,555 --> 01:08:13,889
was able to hear that,
1143
01:08:13,923 --> 01:08:15,324
we'd like to know what it was.
1144
01:08:15,357 --> 01:08:16,826
Surface is fine and powdery.
1145
01:08:16,859 --> 01:08:21,630
I can pick it up loosely
with my toe.
1146
01:08:21,664 --> 01:08:23,732
It does adhere
1147
01:08:23,766 --> 01:08:28,771
in fine layers
like powdered charcoal
1148
01:08:28,804 --> 01:08:33,742
to the sole and insides
of my boot.
1149
01:08:35,644 --> 01:08:38,214
His quote was,
1150
01:08:38,247 --> 01:08:42,985
"That's one small step for man,
one giant leap for mankind."
1151
01:08:43,018 --> 01:08:44,587
the footprints of my boots,
1152
01:08:44,620 --> 01:08:46,655
and the treads,
1153
01:08:46,689 --> 01:08:50,159
in the fine, sandy particles.
1154
01:08:54,096 --> 01:08:56,632
Neil, this is Houston,
we're copying.
1155
01:08:58,267 --> 01:08:59,744
There was a video camera
that was recording them
1156
01:08:59,768 --> 01:09:01,170
coming down the ladder,
1157
01:09:01,203 --> 01:09:03,338
and then there was another
portable camera 00:00:00.000
1158
01:09:03,339 --> 01:09:03,372
and then there
was another portable camera
1159
01:09:03,373 --> 01:09:07,176
which they took and moved out
away from the lunar module.
1160
01:09:16,018 --> 01:09:20,956
And that was the only vision
that humans around the world had
1161
01:09:20,990 --> 01:09:23,526
of what was happening
on the moon.
1162
01:09:23,559 --> 01:09:26,295
Here you come
into our field of view.
1163
01:09:28,731 --> 01:09:33,769
Let me move that
over the edge for you.
1164
01:09:33,802 --> 01:09:35,738
There was a ghostly quality
about it
1165
01:09:35,771 --> 01:09:40,309
because you can see
through people.
1166
01:09:40,342 --> 01:09:42,511
Well, that's a very clever way
they had
1167
01:09:42,545 --> 01:09:49,118
of limiting the amount of signal
that they had to broadcast.
1168
01:09:49,151 --> 01:09:51,787
You couldn't transmit
high-definition television
1169
01:09:51,820 --> 01:09:54,290
from the equipment
that they had on the moon.
1170
01:09:54,323 --> 01:09:56,158
It couldn't be done.
1171
01:09:56,192 --> 01:09:58,394
So you're going
to have to pare down
1172
01:09:58,427 --> 01:10:00,396
your expectations of the quality
1173
01:10:00,429 --> 01:10:02,865
of the image
that you're going to see.
1174
01:10:06,869 --> 01:10:09,038
Okay, ready for me to come out?
1175
01:10:09,071 --> 01:10:11,140
All set.
1176
01:10:11,173 --> 01:10:14,410
Okay, you saw what difficulties
I was having.
1177
01:10:14,443 --> 01:10:19,114
I'll try to watch your PLSS
from underneath here.
1178
01:10:19,148 --> 01:10:23,352
Aldrin about to emerge,
apparently, from the spacecraft.
1179
01:10:23,385 --> 01:10:27,022
Okay, your foot looks
like it's clear and okay.
1180
01:10:27,056 --> 01:10:30,292
Your toes are about
to come over the sill.
1181
01:10:30,326 --> 01:10:32,094
Okay, now drop your PLSS down.
1182
01:10:32,127 --> 01:10:34,330
There you go, you're clear.
1183
01:10:34,363 --> 01:10:36,865
Now I want to back up
1184
01:10:36,899 --> 01:10:38,500
and partially close the hatch,
1185
01:10:38,534 --> 01:10:41,237
making sure not to lock it
on my way out.
1186
01:10:44,006 --> 01:10:46,075
Definitely a good thought!
1187
01:10:46,108 --> 01:10:47,476
It's a very simple matter
1188
01:10:47,509 --> 01:10:51,080
to hop down
from one step to the next.
1189
01:10:51,113 --> 01:10:52,948
You're on-you've got
three more steps
1190
01:10:52,982 --> 01:10:56,652
and then a long one.
1191
01:10:56,685 --> 01:11:00,155
Okay, I'm going to leave
that one foot up there
1192
01:11:00,189 --> 01:11:02,791
and both hands down
to about the fourth rung up.
1193
01:11:02,825 --> 01:11:04,093
There you go.
1194
01:11:04,126 --> 01:11:05,427
That's a good step.
1195
01:11:05,461 --> 01:11:07,263
Yep.
1196
01:11:07,296 --> 01:11:08,664
About a three-footer.
1197
01:11:12,201 --> 01:11:15,037
And now we have
two Americans on the moon.
1198
01:11:29,818 --> 01:11:31,153
Beautiful view.
1199
01:11:31,186 --> 01:11:33,389
Isn't that something?
1200
01:11:33,422 --> 01:11:36,859
Magnificent sight out here.
1201
01:11:36,892 --> 01:11:39,395
Magnificent desolation.
1202
01:12:00,249 --> 01:12:05,721
00:00:00.000
1203
01:12:05,754 --> 01:12:11,093
There's no way that words
can really describe
1204
01:12:11,126 --> 01:12:15,464
the enormity
or the timelessness,
1205
01:12:15,497 --> 01:12:17,766
the magnificence.
1206
01:12:21,036 --> 01:12:24,573
It was so desolate.
1207
01:12:24,606 --> 01:12:27,409
But I could have thought
and thought beforehand
1208
01:12:27,443 --> 01:12:31,313
and I probably wouldn't
have come up with that.
1209
01:12:53,736 --> 01:12:56,705
It's this, yet it's that.
1210
01:13:25,234 --> 01:13:29,671
We had gotten ourselves
onto another world
1211
01:13:29,705 --> 01:13:33,609
and put our foot there.
1212
01:13:41,817 --> 01:13:46,989
It was not just
"we the Americans."
1213
01:13:51,493 --> 01:13:54,163
It was "we the humans."
1214
01:13:54,196 --> 01:13:58,100
"We the people of Earth."
1215
01:14:01,637 --> 01:14:04,640
It was one of us.
1216
01:14:38,874 --> 01:14:44,480
Neil is now unveiling
the plaque...
1217
01:14:44,513 --> 01:14:46,915
For those who haven't
read the plaque,
1218
01:14:46,949 --> 01:14:49,751
we will read the plaque
that's on the front landing gear
1219
01:14:49,785 --> 01:14:51,487
of this LEM.
1220
01:14:51,520 --> 01:14:56,592
There's two hemispheres,
one showing
1221
01:14:56,625 --> 01:15:00,729
each of the two hemispheres
of Earth.
1222
01:15:00,762 --> 01:15:04,665
Underneath, it says, "Here men
from the planet Earth 00:00:00.000."
1223
01:15:04,666 --> 01:15:04,700
Underneath, it says,
"Here men from the planet Earth
1224
01:15:04,701 --> 01:15:07,803
"first set foot upon the moon.
1225
01:15:07,836 --> 01:15:12,007
"July 1969, A.D.
1226
01:15:12,040 --> 01:15:15,978
We came in peace
for all mankind."
1227
01:15:16,011 --> 01:15:19,147
It has
the crew members' signatures
1228
01:15:19,181 --> 01:15:24,086
and the signature of the
president of the United States.
1229
01:15:24,119 --> 01:15:25,554
Before the flight,
1230
01:15:25,587 --> 01:15:29,458
we knew there was going to be
some kind of plaque.
1231
01:15:29,491 --> 01:15:33,829
And they were kicking around
what it should say.
1232
01:15:33,862 --> 01:15:36,465
NASA had to clear it
with the White House.
1233
01:15:36,498 --> 01:15:37,742
And they said, "Well," you know,
1234
01:15:37,766 --> 01:15:40,836
"I don't see anything in there
about God."
1235
01:15:40,869 --> 01:15:45,107
And, you know,
"The president's big on God."
1236
01:15:45,140 --> 01:15:47,175
The person in the White House
that was responsible
1237
01:15:47,209 --> 01:15:49,511
for signing off on the design
of the plaque
1238
01:15:49,545 --> 01:15:53,048
said, "We put in A.D..."
1239
01:15:53,081 --> 01:15:55,651
As a sneaky way of noting
1240
01:15:55,684 --> 01:16:00,455
that we were
using a Christian calendar.
1241
01:16:00,489 --> 01:16:03,091
Houston, Columbia
on the high gate, over.
1242
01:16:03,125 --> 01:16:05,160
Columbia, this is Houston
1243
01:16:05,193 --> 01:16:07,195
reading you
loud and clear, over.
1244
01:16:07,229 --> 01:16:08,740
I guess you're about
the only person around
1245
01:16:08,764 --> 01:16:13,735
that doesn't have
TV coverage of the feed.
1246
01:16:13,769 --> 01:16:16,905
That's all right,
I don't mind a bit.
1247
01:16:16,939 --> 01:16:18,840
How is the quality of the TV?
1248
01:16:18,874 --> 01:16:23,545
It's beautiful, Mike,
it really is.
1249
01:16:23,579 --> 01:16:25,113
Gee, that's great.
1250
01:16:25,147 --> 01:16:26,815
Is the lighting halfway decent?
1251
01:16:26,848 --> 01:16:28,617
Yes, indeed, they've got
the flag up now.
1252
01:16:28,650 --> 01:16:31,653
You can see the stars and
stripes on the lunar surface.
1253
01:16:31,687 --> 01:16:33,121
Beautiful, just beautiful.
1254
01:16:35,090 --> 01:16:37,693
The flag was an act of Congress.
1255
01:16:37,726 --> 01:16:42,764
Congress passed a resolution
requiring it.
1256
01:16:42,798 --> 01:16:46,101
A lot of people felt
there shouldn't be a flag.
1257
01:16:46,134 --> 01:16:50,706
They said, "Who are we
to put our American flag up?"
1258
01:16:53,375 --> 01:16:55,310
So they planted a flag
on the moon.
1259
01:16:55,344 --> 01:16:58,480
But... they do that
on mountaintops.
1260
01:16:58,513 --> 01:17:01,550
In fact, people
would consider it strange
1261
01:17:01,583 --> 01:17:04,086
if they didn't plant a flag.
1262
01:17:04,119 --> 01:17:05,687
Say again, Houston?
1263
01:17:05,721 --> 01:17:07,189
Roger, we'd like
to get both of you
1264
01:17:07,222 --> 01:17:09,524
in the field of view
of the camera...
1265
01:17:09,558 --> 01:17:11,860
President Nixon, he wanted NASA
1266
01:17:11,893 --> 01:17:14,796
to even play
"The Star-Spangled Banner."
1267
01:17:14,830 --> 01:17:16,398
At least we got that canned.
1268
01:17:16,431 --> 01:17:18,634
I just talked
to the president...
1269
01:17:18,667 --> 01:17:21,136
People knew it was an American
on the moon.
1270
01:17:21,169 --> 01:17:22,580
You didn't have to play
the "Star-Spangled Banner"
1271
01:17:22,604 --> 01:17:23,739
to tell them that.
1272
01:17:25,340 --> 01:17:28,644
Neil and Buzz, the president
of the United States
1273
01:17:28,677 --> 01:17:30,178
is in his office now
1274
01:17:30,212 --> 01:17:35,384
and would like to say
a few words to you, over.
1275
01:17:35,417 --> 01:17:38,253
Let's face it, he had
nothing to do with Apollo 11,
1276
01:17:38,286 --> 01:17:40,055
and I told him that.
1277
01:17:40,088 --> 01:17:41,289
That would be an honor.
1278
01:17:41,323 --> 01:17:42,591
I said you ought to be
1279
01:17:42,624 --> 01:17:44,726
very, very concise, short,
1280
01:17:44,760 --> 01:17:48,764
and humble about it,
or at least not grandstanding.
1281
01:17:48,797 --> 01:17:50,032
Go ahead, Mr. President,
1282
01:17:50,065 --> 01:17:52,434
this is Houston, out.
1283
01:17:52,467 --> 01:17:53,835
Hello, Neil and Buzz,
1284
01:17:53,869 --> 01:17:56,371
I'm talking to you by telephone
1285
01:17:56,405 --> 01:17:59,241
from the oval room
at the White House,
1286
01:17:59,274 --> 01:18:00,575
and this certainly has to be
1287
01:18:00,609 --> 01:18:05,346
the most historic telephone call ever made.
00:00:00.000
1288
01:18:05,347 --> 01:18:05,380
the most historic telephone call
ever made.
1289
01:18:05,381 --> 01:18:08,083
I just can't tell you
how proud we all are
1290
01:18:08,116 --> 01:18:10,085
of what you've.
1291
01:18:10,118 --> 01:18:11,486
For every American,
this has to be
1292
01:18:11,520 --> 01:18:13,588
the proudest day of our lives,
1293
01:18:13,622 --> 01:18:15,991
and for people
all over the world,
1294
01:18:16,024 --> 01:18:20,529
I am sure they too join
with Americans
1295
01:18:20,562 --> 01:18:24,366
in recognizing
what an immense feat this is.
1296
01:18:24,399 --> 01:18:27,002
Because of what you have done,
1297
01:18:27,035 --> 01:18:31,873
the heavens have become
a part of man's world,
1298
01:18:31,907 --> 01:18:36,545
and as you talk to us
from the Sea of Tranquility,
1299
01:18:36,578 --> 01:18:38,947
it inspires us
to redouble our efforts
1300
01:18:38,980 --> 01:18:44,319
to bring peace and tranquility
to Earth.
1301
01:18:44,352 --> 01:18:49,291
For one priceless moment
in the whole history of man,
1302
01:18:49,324 --> 01:18:53,328
all the people
on this Earth are truly one.
1303
01:18:53,361 --> 01:18:55,230
One in their pride
in what you have done,
1304
01:18:55,263 --> 01:18:58,667
and one in our prayers
1305
01:18:58,700 --> 01:19:01,770
that you will return safely
to Earth.
1306
01:19:19,421 --> 01:19:21,790
For a brief period of time,
people just sort of paused
1307
01:19:21,823 --> 01:19:24,526
and watched this thing
take place.
1308
01:19:27,329 --> 01:19:30,699
And there was a sort of
momentary sense of community
1309
01:19:30,732 --> 01:19:34,269
all around the world.
1310
01:19:38,039 --> 01:19:39,584
I believe I'm out of
your field of view,
1311
01:19:39,608 --> 01:19:42,377
is that right, now, Houston?
1312
01:19:42,410 --> 01:19:44,479
That's affirmative, Buzz.
1313
01:19:44,513 --> 01:19:47,983
Now, once the two of us
put the flag up...
1314
01:19:48,016 --> 01:19:49,551
You're in our field of view now.
1315
01:19:49,584 --> 01:19:51,520
I knew where the TV was,
1316
01:19:51,553 --> 01:19:53,155
so I got in front of it
1317
01:19:53,188 --> 01:19:57,893
and demonstrated different ways
of moving around.
1318
01:20:00,428 --> 01:20:02,798
The TV was looking
at the scenery.
1319
01:20:02,831 --> 01:20:07,836
We happened to be
passing through.
1320
01:20:07,869 --> 01:20:11,106
In about two or three,
or maybe four, easy paces,
1321
01:20:11,139 --> 01:20:14,342
can bring you
some fairly smooth...
1322
01:20:14,376 --> 01:20:16,812
There was the being in the suit
1323
01:20:16,845 --> 01:20:21,950
and the lightness
of the gravity,
1324
01:20:21,983 --> 01:20:24,352
but you know you're on camera.
1325
01:20:24,386 --> 01:20:28,223
You're going to have cameras
on you all the time.
1326
01:20:32,694 --> 01:20:35,931
What can I do? Well, I can hop
like this.
1327
01:20:35,964 --> 01:20:37,966
So-called kangaroo hop
does work,
1328
01:20:37,999 --> 01:20:42,070
but it seems that your forward
mobility is not quite as good.
1329
01:20:42,103 --> 01:20:44,706
I got a big backpack
1330
01:20:44,739 --> 01:20:48,577
and you have to acknowledge
that you're carrying that
1331
01:20:48,610 --> 01:20:50,846
when you make a turn.
1332
01:20:50,879 --> 01:20:53,915
You do have to be rather careful
1333
01:20:53,949 --> 01:20:57,485
to keep track of
where your center of mass is.
1334
01:20:57,519 --> 01:21:02,056
It really wasn't what you'd
call a challenge 00:00:00.000.
1335
01:21:02,057 --> 01:21:02,090
It really wasn't what you'd call
a challenge
1336
01:21:02,091 --> 01:21:05,427
other than to look nonchalant
in front of people.
1337
01:21:05,460 --> 01:21:08,430
This may be a function
of this suit,
1338
01:21:08,463 --> 01:21:11,900
as well as lack
of gravity forces.
1339
01:21:15,704 --> 01:21:17,172
Early in our being outside,
1340
01:21:17,205 --> 01:21:20,375
I heard Neil
say something about it...
1341
01:21:20,408 --> 01:21:22,844
"Beautiful, isn't it?"
1342
01:21:24,579 --> 01:21:29,451
And I thought,
"That's not beautiful."
1343
01:21:38,059 --> 01:21:39,728
The date's now indelible.
1344
01:21:39,761 --> 01:21:41,897
It's going to be remembered
as long as man survives.
1345
01:21:41,930 --> 01:21:45,734
July 20, 1969,
1346
01:21:45,767 --> 01:21:50,205
the day man reached
and walked on the moon.
1347
01:21:52,607 --> 01:21:54,209
We heard on the news today, 11,
1348
01:21:54,242 --> 01:21:58,546
that "The New York Times"
came out with a, headlines,
1349
01:21:58,580 --> 01:22:00,215
the largest headlines
they've ever used
1350
01:22:00,248 --> 01:22:02,183
in the history of the newspaper.
1351
01:22:04,319 --> 01:22:07,322
Yes, well, landing and walking
on the moon, of course,
1352
01:22:07,355 --> 01:22:09,033
is only the halfway point
in Apollo 11's mission.
1353
01:22:09,057 --> 01:22:10,358
Now Armstrong and Aldrin
1354
01:22:10,392 --> 01:22:13,695
must safely return
to the command module
1355
01:22:13,728 --> 01:22:17,666
and begin the long
and very welcome journey home.
1356
01:22:17,699 --> 01:22:21,036
Crew of Eagle going through
their pre-ignition checklist.
1357
01:22:21,069 --> 01:22:23,939
Standing by for two minutes...
1358
01:22:23,972 --> 01:22:26,207
The only thing NASA had
on the mission
1359
01:22:26,241 --> 01:22:28,944
that did not have redundancy
1360
01:22:28,977 --> 01:22:31,313
was the ascent engine
on the lunar module.
1361
01:22:31,346 --> 01:22:34,683
They had one shot
to light that thing
1362
01:22:34,716 --> 01:22:37,018
and go back up into lunar orbit.
1363
01:22:38,486 --> 01:22:41,289
And if it didn't work
on the first try,
1364
01:22:41,323 --> 01:22:43,692
the likelihood of it
working on the second try
1365
01:22:43,725 --> 01:22:46,761
was pretty slim.
1366
01:22:46,795 --> 01:22:48,730
Or zero.
1367
01:22:48,763 --> 01:22:51,399
And they knew that.
1368
01:22:53,101 --> 01:22:57,038
We did at one point
have a "Marooned!" headline
1369
01:22:57,072 --> 01:23:00,475
in type, with big typeface.
1370
01:23:02,844 --> 01:23:07,649
If the ascent engine
on the moon didn't light up,
1371
01:23:07,682 --> 01:23:09,050
they were marooned.
1372
01:23:09,084 --> 01:23:14,222
So that was the headline
we had, ready to go.
1373
01:23:19,294 --> 01:23:21,830
This engine burns seven minutes
and 18 seconds, Frank,
1374
01:23:21,863 --> 01:23:24,532
to get them
into a 9.9-mile orbit.
1375
01:23:24,566 --> 01:23:26,234
And it has to work.
1376
01:23:26,267 --> 01:23:28,636
Yep.
1377
01:23:28,670 --> 01:23:33,241
Nine, eight, seven, six, five,
1378
01:23:33,274 --> 01:23:35,944
fourth stage,
engine-armed ascent, proceed.
1379
01:23:42,717 --> 01:23:43,952
Beautiful.
1380
01:23:43,985 --> 01:23:46,154
26, 36 feet per second up...
1381
01:23:49,591 --> 01:23:50,925
That ascent engine
1382
01:23:50,959 --> 01:23:53,037
that had never been fired before
in similar circumstances
1383
01:23:53,061 --> 01:23:56,598
has fired.
1384
01:23:56,631 --> 01:23:59,300
Very quiet ride.
1385
01:23:59,334 --> 01:24:01,870
Armstrong and Aldrin
are off the lunar surface
1386
01:24:01,903 --> 01:24:04,605
after a stay of 21 hours and 36
minutes, 00:00:00.000
1387
01:24:04,606 --> 01:24:04,639
after a stay of 21 hours
and 36 minutes,
1388
01:24:04,640 --> 01:24:07,308
and all continues
to go exactly as planned.
1389
01:24:07,342 --> 01:24:10,578
Per second vertical rise...
1390
01:24:14,716 --> 01:24:18,186
Here we go, Houston, they
request manual start override.
1391
01:24:49,417 --> 01:24:54,689
All the steps involved
in Apollo,
1392
01:24:54,722 --> 01:24:58,093
all that hard work,
all that detective work,
1393
01:24:58,126 --> 01:25:04,632
all that head-scratching
and eureka moments...
1394
01:25:04,666 --> 01:25:08,203
Getting out to the moon,
getting down on the moon,
1395
01:25:08,236 --> 01:25:09,537
getting up from the moon
1396
01:25:09,571 --> 01:25:11,739
and getting back
to the mothership...
1397
01:25:11,773 --> 01:25:16,244
Sort of a winnowing of problems.
1398
01:25:16,277 --> 01:25:19,581
They all came together
pretty much perfectly.
1399
01:25:27,155 --> 01:25:28,423
The big news this morning,
1400
01:25:28,456 --> 01:25:30,525
Jodrell Bank
has just come through
1401
01:25:30,558 --> 01:25:33,561
and said that
now they're tracking data.
1402
01:25:33,595 --> 01:25:36,564
As they analyze,
it indicates that Luna 15
1403
01:25:36,598 --> 01:25:38,600
may have plunged
to the surface of the moon
1404
01:25:38,633 --> 01:25:40,802
at around 300 miles an hour...
1405
01:25:40,835 --> 01:25:43,371
Lovell said if Luna 15
hit the surface at that speed,
1406
01:25:43,404 --> 01:25:45,773
nothing could be likely
to survive such a landing.
1407
01:25:45,807 --> 01:25:49,043
Hit the moon's surface
at a speed of 300 miles an hour,
1408
01:25:49,077 --> 01:25:51,746
indicating it may have
crash-landed.
1409
01:26:44,866 --> 01:26:46,534
I was not with my father
1410
01:26:46,568 --> 01:26:48,670
when the Apollo 11 landed.
1411
01:26:48,703 --> 01:26:53,241
I was on my vacation
with my friends.
1412
01:26:54,209 --> 01:26:55,577
And we were...
1413
01:26:55,610 --> 01:26:59,013
You won't believe it...
In Chernobyl.
1414
01:26:59,047 --> 01:27:01,149
It was this river, Pripyat,
1415
01:27:01,182 --> 01:27:04,151
with the forest filled with
mushroom, 00:00:00.000
1416
01:27:04,152 --> 01:27:04,185
with the forest
filled with mushroom,
1417
01:27:04,186 --> 01:27:06,588
and we have one of our friend,
1418
01:27:06,621 --> 01:27:11,125
he was officer
from the KGB intelligence,
1419
01:27:11,159 --> 01:27:13,928
and he had the telescope.
1420
01:27:13,962 --> 01:27:18,566
So we have this telescope
and look there.
1421
01:27:26,040 --> 01:27:29,010
It was no broadcast
on the Soviet television.
1422
01:27:29,043 --> 01:27:31,980
It was just small several lines
1423
01:27:32,013 --> 01:27:35,250
somewhere in the middle
of the newspaper
1424
01:27:35,283 --> 01:27:38,486
that American reported
that they landed on the moon.
1425
01:27:45,860 --> 01:27:47,462
But then, later,
1426
01:27:47,495 --> 01:27:50,164
I brought this film
to my father,
1427
01:27:50,198 --> 01:27:52,567
it was 16 millimeters.
1428
01:27:52,600 --> 01:27:55,970
Of course,
Soviets did not show anybody
1429
01:27:56,004 --> 01:27:57,739
except the professionals,
1430
01:27:57,772 --> 01:28:01,309
but we watched this movie
together.
1431
01:28:11,886 --> 01:28:17,425
He say he cannot understand
why Soviets failed
1432
01:28:17,458 --> 01:28:22,030
to send man to the moon.
1433
01:28:22,063 --> 01:28:25,767
We just sadly said,
"Yes, they did it."
1434
01:28:31,673 --> 01:28:36,210
The stars and stripes
flies proudly now
1435
01:28:36,244 --> 01:28:38,179
over the Sea of Tranquility.
1436
01:28:38,212 --> 01:28:41,115
A new chapter
in human history has opened.
1437
01:28:41,149 --> 01:28:43,217
The race for the moon is over.
1438
01:28:43,251 --> 01:28:46,321
Man's probe
into the universe has begun.
1439
01:28:48,723 --> 01:28:52,060
Roger, the Hornet is
on the station,
1440
01:28:52,093 --> 01:28:53,661
just far enough
off the target point
1441
01:28:53,695 --> 01:28:56,464
to keep from getting hit.
1442
01:28:59,434 --> 01:29:01,903
Yes, we see it, we see it.
1443
01:29:01,936 --> 01:29:03,171
Here it is.
1444
01:29:03,204 --> 01:29:04,806
Apollo 11 coming right down
1445
01:29:04,839 --> 01:29:08,009
toward the primary...
1446
01:29:23,758 --> 01:29:27,228
I was proud
for the human beings.
1447
01:29:28,429 --> 01:29:30,298
You know, we compete
with each other,
1448
01:29:30,331 --> 01:29:34,769
but at the same time,
we have respect.
1449
01:29:46,080 --> 01:29:49,550
I think everybody felt
that they had a piece of it.
1450
01:29:49,584 --> 01:29:54,655
Everybody felt they
had a piece of it, and they did.
1451
01:29:54,689 --> 01:29:57,592
I thought at the time, it was
the beginning of something.
1452
01:29:57,625 --> 01:30:02,796
I thought it was the beginning of moving
out to other planets. 00:00:00.000
1453
01:30:02,797 --> 01:30:05,237
I thought it was the beginning
of moving out to other planets.
1454
01:30:11,172 --> 01:30:13,741
Of course, that question
still remains,
1455
01:30:13,775 --> 01:30:15,176
the question of contamination,
1456
01:30:15,209 --> 01:30:17,211
whether enough precautions
have been taken
1457
01:30:17,245 --> 01:30:18,546
to protect the Earth
1458
01:30:18,579 --> 01:30:20,090
from anything
that they might bring back
1459
01:30:20,114 --> 01:30:22,183
in the way
of rudimentary forms of life.
1460
01:30:22,216 --> 01:30:24,218
The opinion seems to be
generally
1461
01:30:24,252 --> 01:30:27,989
among the scientists who are
represented here, at least,
1462
01:30:28,022 --> 01:30:30,925
that the possibility
of some sort of contamination
1463
01:30:30,958 --> 01:30:32,827
is very, very remote,
1464
01:30:32,860 --> 01:30:36,931
and that adequate steps
have been taken to prevent it,
1465
01:30:36,964 --> 01:30:37,965
at least adequate
1466
01:30:37,999 --> 01:30:41,502
as far as anyone
can possibly figure out.
1467
01:30:41,536 --> 01:30:44,439
The door opens and out come.
1468
01:30:44,472 --> 01:30:46,207
America's Apollo 11 astronauts,
waving,
1469
01:30:46,240 --> 01:30:48,009
albeit their faces
completely covered
1470
01:30:48,042 --> 01:30:50,812
by these B.I.G. suits.
1471
01:30:50,845 --> 01:30:53,114
On the one hand, you got rooms
full of scientists
1472
01:30:53,147 --> 01:30:54,925
saying, "We don't think
there are any germs up there",
1473
01:30:54,949 --> 01:30:56,551
"but should there be,
1474
01:30:56,584 --> 01:30:59,654
"we ain't gonna expose
the population of the Earth
1475
01:30:59,687 --> 01:31:00,855
to these germs."
1476
01:31:00,888 --> 01:31:03,958
So they had
all these procedures.
1477
01:31:06,027 --> 01:31:07,862
But then, look at it this way.
1478
01:31:07,895 --> 01:31:09,797
Suppose there were germs
on the moon.
1479
01:31:09,831 --> 01:31:13,134
There are germs on the moon,
we come back,
1480
01:31:13,167 --> 01:31:16,304
the command module is full
of lunar germs.
1481
01:31:16,337 --> 01:31:18,940
Command module lands
in the Pacific Ocean,
1482
01:31:18,973 --> 01:31:20,508
and what do they do?
1483
01:31:20,541 --> 01:31:23,044
They open the hatch...
You gotta open the hatch...
1484
01:31:23,077 --> 01:31:24,512
All the damn germs come out!
1485
01:31:28,416 --> 01:31:29,817
You have to laugh a little bit,
1486
01:31:29,851 --> 01:31:32,687
because when you get
in the life boat
1487
01:31:32,720 --> 01:31:34,956
out of the spacecraft,
1488
01:31:34,989 --> 01:31:38,993
you have this
biological isolation garment,
1489
01:31:39,026 --> 01:31:41,896
the BIG garment.
1490
01:31:41,929 --> 01:31:44,465
They've got disinfectant,
and they've got a rag,
1491
01:31:44,499 --> 01:31:47,802
and they sponge you down.
1492
01:31:47,835 --> 01:31:49,370
When they get through,
1493
01:31:49,403 --> 01:31:52,106
they have a weight
and they tie it around the rag
1494
01:31:52,139 --> 01:31:55,610
and they throw it overboard,
and it takes all those germs
1495
01:31:55,643 --> 01:31:57,612
down to the bottom of the ocean.
1496
01:31:57,645 --> 01:32:03,651
I wonder if they're going
to survive down there.
1497
01:32:03,684 --> 01:32:05,186
I mean, it doesn't make
any sense.
1498
01:32:05,219 --> 01:32:09,056
There was a huge flaw
in the planning.
1499
01:32:28,476 --> 01:32:30,511
President Nixon
waving to the astronauts.
1500
01:32:30,545 --> 01:32:33,247
The curtains have been drawn,
1501
01:32:33,281 --> 01:32:36,183
and there they are
in the rear window.
1502
01:32:36,217 --> 01:32:38,319
Have you been able to
follow some of the things
1503
01:32:38,352 --> 01:32:39,696
that have happened
when you were gone?
1504
01:32:39,720 --> 01:32:41,031
Did you know about
the all-star game?
1505
01:32:41,055 --> 01:32:42,490
Yes, sir.
1506
01:32:42,523 --> 01:32:44,759
The capsule communicators
have been giving us
1507
01:32:44,792 --> 01:32:46,003
daily news reports.
They keep you posted.
1508
01:32:46,027 --> 01:32:47,328
Yeah, were you American League
1509
01:32:47,361 --> 01:32:48,996
or National League?
1510
01:32:49,030 --> 01:32:51,065
I'm a National League man...
I'm non-partisan, sir.
1511
01:32:51,098 --> 01:32:52,500
That's right.
1512
01:32:52,533 --> 01:32:54,268
There's the politician
in the group, right.
1513
01:32:59,273 --> 01:33:02,275
We had to be in isolation,
I believe, 00:00:00.000.
1514
01:33:02,276 --> 01:33:02,310
We had to be in isolation,
I believe,
1515
01:33:02,311 --> 01:33:06,180
21 days from the time
we left the moon.
1516
01:33:08,382 --> 01:33:10,585
It wasn't as if
some horrible injustice
1517
01:33:10,618 --> 01:33:12,620
had been done to us, it was...
1518
01:33:12,653 --> 01:33:15,122
It was fine.
1519
01:33:16,390 --> 01:33:17,925
I was glad to be back.
1520
01:33:23,030 --> 01:33:25,466
Do you suppose Neil Armstrong
and Buzz Aldrin
1521
01:33:25,499 --> 01:33:29,370
have any concept
of what's in store for them?
1522
01:33:29,403 --> 01:33:31,038
The first men to have
1523
01:33:31,072 --> 01:33:33,608
set foot on the moon,
of meeting this dream
1524
01:33:33,641 --> 01:33:36,043
of two billion years...
1525
01:33:36,077 --> 01:33:39,647
Their lives
can never be the same.
1526
01:33:56,998 --> 01:33:58,666
You're now national heroes.
1527
01:33:58,699 --> 01:34:01,335
What are your initial feelings
1528
01:34:01,369 --> 01:34:03,070
about being heroes?
1529
01:34:03,104 --> 01:34:05,673
How do you believe
it will change your lives?
1530
01:34:05,706 --> 01:34:07,384
And do you think that
maybe you'll get another chance
1531
01:34:07,408 --> 01:34:08,542
to go to the moon,
1532
01:34:08,576 --> 01:34:10,711
or are you going to be too busy
being heroes?
1533
01:34:17,852 --> 01:34:21,889
The trip around the world
was very, very interesting.
1534
01:34:21,922 --> 01:34:24,759
They put a whole big airplane
at our disposal, you know,
1535
01:34:24,792 --> 01:34:27,061
the backup Air Force One.
1536
01:34:27,094 --> 01:34:29,330
It had a whole crew,
the three of us
1537
01:34:29,363 --> 01:34:31,899
and our three wives,
1538
01:34:31,932 --> 01:34:33,968
some people
from NASA headquarters.
1539
01:34:34,001 --> 01:34:37,972
28 cities in 33 days,
or something like that.
1540
01:34:46,681 --> 01:34:49,583
These guys, they'd never
really been out,
1541
01:34:49,617 --> 01:34:52,820
exposed to anything like this.
1542
01:34:56,724 --> 01:34:59,660
A tantos amigos...
1543
01:35:01,595 --> 01:35:03,531
That stuff just went totally
1544
01:35:03,564 --> 01:35:06,967
beyond any of our belief
what would have happened.
1545
01:35:07,001 --> 01:35:09,470
And I think the astronauts
were just totally overcome.
1546
01:35:09,503 --> 01:35:12,339
The presidential jet
has arrived at Heathrow,
1547
01:35:12,373 --> 01:35:15,276
bringing America's
man on the moon team to Britain.
1548
01:35:21,849 --> 01:35:24,618
It's the only communist country
of their tour,
1549
01:35:24,652 --> 01:35:27,154
so for this reason,
Yugoslavia regards the visit
1550
01:35:27,188 --> 01:35:28,689
of the three American astronauts
1551
01:35:28,723 --> 01:35:30,725
as a special
and significant honor.
1552
01:35:30,758 --> 01:35:34,095
These astronauts were famous.
1553
01:35:34,128 --> 01:35:36,263
It was unbelievable how much
1554
01:35:36,297 --> 01:35:38,566
people came out to see them.
1555
01:35:41,702 --> 01:35:44,638
I think
Kennedy would have loved that,
1556
01:35:44,672 --> 01:35:47,641
to have seen the effect
1557
01:35:47,675 --> 01:35:49,443
that his boys, you might say,
1558
01:35:49,477 --> 01:35:53,347
had around the world.
1559
01:35:53,380 --> 01:35:57,485
That was a wonderful chance
for America
1560
01:35:57,518 --> 01:36:00,421
to touch all these other countries.
00:00:00.000.
1561
01:36:02,723 --> 01:36:05,126
Once they saw
what the rest of the world
1562
01:36:05,159 --> 01:36:08,229
thought about NASA
and what they had accomplished,
1563
01:36:08,262 --> 01:36:12,533
then they realized,
"Hey, we made an impact."
1564
01:36:16,003 --> 01:36:19,340
We saw many, many signs
that said,
1565
01:36:19,373 --> 01:36:20,741
"We did it."
1566
01:36:24,011 --> 01:36:27,348
Not us... "we,"
they, the whole world.
1567
01:36:31,485 --> 01:36:33,721
They all had that identical
feeling of,
1568
01:36:33,754 --> 01:36:36,023
"By golly, we... mankind...
Did this thing,
1569
01:36:36,056 --> 01:36:38,726
and we're all brothers
together."
1570
01:36:38,759 --> 01:36:39,927
And it'd certainly be nice
1571
01:36:39,960 --> 01:36:42,696
if we could use
the space program to...
1572
01:36:42,730 --> 01:36:45,733
to further that feeling.
1573
01:36:45,766 --> 01:36:50,271
How to do it is a
more complicated question.
1574
01:36:51,672 --> 01:36:53,040
Ladies and gentlemen,
1575
01:36:53,073 --> 01:36:55,576
welcome to the Apollo 11
press conference.
1576
01:36:55,609 --> 01:37:00,481
You know, the most frequently
asked question is,
1577
01:37:00,514 --> 01:37:01,982
"What did it feel like?"
1578
01:37:02,016 --> 01:37:05,152
When you first
stepped on the moon,
1579
01:37:05,186 --> 01:37:07,788
did it strike you
as you were stepping
1580
01:37:07,822 --> 01:37:10,591
that you were stepping
on a piece of the Earth?
1581
01:37:10,624 --> 01:37:14,061
Or sort of
what your inner feelings were,
1582
01:37:14,094 --> 01:37:16,931
whether you felt
you were standing in a desert,
1583
01:37:16,964 --> 01:37:18,632
or this was
really another world,
1584
01:37:18,666 --> 01:37:20,167
or how you felt at that point?
1585
01:37:20,201 --> 01:37:23,871
Well, there was no question
in our minds where we were.
1586
01:37:23,904 --> 01:37:25,739
We'd been orbiting
around the moon
1587
01:37:25,773 --> 01:37:27,808
for quite a while.
1588
01:37:31,145 --> 01:37:32,746
I don't think we did a good job
1589
01:37:32,780 --> 01:37:36,750
of preparing them
for what was expected of them,
1590
01:37:36,784 --> 01:37:40,754
especially after they flew
and came back.
1591
01:37:40,788 --> 01:37:43,824
Does it have a philosophical
dimension of any kind?
1592
01:37:43,858 --> 01:37:45,826
Mr. Aldrin?
1593
01:37:45,860 --> 01:37:51,665
They somehow want to know
what's in your inner thoughts.
1594
01:37:52,800 --> 01:37:54,468
If we were that kind of people,
1595
01:37:54,501 --> 01:37:59,673
we probably wouldn't have been
given the opportunity.
1596
01:37:59,707 --> 01:38:02,176
Poets, philosophers?
1597
01:38:02,209 --> 01:38:05,746
No, you want people
who are technically equipped
1598
01:38:05,779 --> 01:38:08,883
to make decisions.
1599
01:38:20,294 --> 01:38:25,766
I felt very small
1600
01:38:25,799 --> 01:38:28,702
and very lucky.
1601
01:38:28,736 --> 01:38:31,505
And as we looked up
on the surface...
1602
01:38:31,538 --> 01:38:33,440
from the surface of the moon,
1603
01:38:33,474 --> 01:38:39,313
we could see above us,
up here, the planet Earth.
1604
01:38:39,346 --> 01:38:41,916
And it was very small,
1605
01:38:41,949 --> 01:38:46,253
but it was very beautiful.
1606
01:38:46,287 --> 01:38:49,390
And it looked like...
1607
01:38:49,423 --> 01:38:52,393
a oasis in the heavens.
1608
01:38:52,426 --> 01:38:54,428
And we thought
it was very important
1609
01:38:54,461 --> 01:38:57,765
at that point,
1610
01:38:57,798 --> 01:39:03,703
for us, and men everywhere,
00:00:00.000
1611
01:39:03,704 --> 01:39:03,737
for us, and men everywhere,
1612
01:39:03,738 --> 01:39:08,475
to save that planet
as a beautiful oasis
1613
01:39:08,509 --> 01:39:13,380
that we together can enjoy
for all the future.
1614
01:39:31,865 --> 01:39:37,438
Today, as astronauts speed again
to the threshold of the moon,
1615
01:39:37,471 --> 01:39:39,807
and as we prepare
for the final achievement
1616
01:39:39,840 --> 01:39:41,909
of this national goal,
1617
01:39:41,942 --> 01:39:43,877
we have the obligation
to look ahead
1618
01:39:43,911 --> 01:39:47,648
to the role of the space program
will play in the future.
1619
01:39:47,681 --> 01:39:51,085
There was a recognition
1620
01:39:51,118 --> 01:39:52,595
that decisions
on what to do after Apollo
1621
01:39:52,619 --> 01:39:53,988
were urgently needed.
1622
01:39:55,122 --> 01:39:56,557
The idea
was that just looking out
1623
01:39:56,590 --> 01:39:57,891
to the end of the century
1624
01:39:57,925 --> 01:40:00,761
in justifying NASA's missions
1625
01:40:00,794 --> 01:40:03,030
wasn't a long enough view.
1626
01:40:03,063 --> 01:40:05,599
And one of von Braun's
assignments
1627
01:40:05,632 --> 01:40:08,435
was organizing a view of NASA
1628
01:40:08,469 --> 01:40:12,306
over the next hundred years
or so,
1629
01:40:12,339 --> 01:40:15,576
not just the 30 years remaining
in the 20th century.
1630
01:40:17,311 --> 01:40:20,414
Where do you think
we ought to go from here?
1631
01:40:20,447 --> 01:40:22,416
I think the next ten years
1632
01:40:22,449 --> 01:40:26,920
will undoubtedly
be a little more versatile.
1633
01:40:26,954 --> 01:40:30,424
We will have
a number of activities
1634
01:40:30,457 --> 01:40:33,660
in several areas rather than
one big thrust in one direction.
1635
01:40:35,195 --> 01:40:37,731
He was looking
at the big picture.
1636
01:40:37,765 --> 01:40:40,434
Von Braun
had a nuclear stage plan
1637
01:40:40,467 --> 01:40:42,736
for Saturn 5 to go to Mars,
1638
01:40:42,770 --> 01:40:47,207
and he met Kennedy
at Los Alamos.
1639
01:40:47,241 --> 01:40:49,309
They watched
a nuclear test firing
1640
01:40:49,343 --> 01:40:52,146
of an engine
of what was called a NERVA...
1641
01:40:52,179 --> 01:40:54,748
A nuclear engine test vehicle.
1642
01:40:54,782 --> 01:40:58,719
With that nuclear stage
on the top of the Saturn 5,
1643
01:40:58,752 --> 01:40:59,920
he was confident
1644
01:40:59,953 --> 01:41:02,923
that we could send a crew
out there.
1645
01:41:02,956 --> 01:41:04,124
If you had to estimate,
1646
01:41:04,158 --> 01:41:07,828
when would you see
a man on Mars?
1647
01:41:07,861 --> 01:41:10,731
Well, if you'll foot the bill,
in 1985,
1648
01:41:10,764 --> 01:41:11,899
but at the moment,
1649
01:41:11,932 --> 01:41:14,468
there's no national commitment
to do that,
1650
01:41:14,501 --> 01:41:16,837
and it would probably require
a national commitment
1651
01:41:16,870 --> 01:41:18,072
of a similar magnitude
1652
01:41:18,105 --> 01:41:20,741
as the Apollo program
to land a man on the moon.
1653
01:41:20,774 --> 01:41:23,544
But the technology
is there to do it,
1654
01:41:23,577 --> 01:41:26,647
and we could land a man on Mars
in a little over ten years
1655
01:41:26,680 --> 01:41:28,248
if we really wanted to do it.
1656
01:41:30,517 --> 01:41:32,986
And von Braun
presented that project
1657
01:41:33,020 --> 01:41:36,557
to Nixon's vice president,
Agnew,
1658
01:41:36,590 --> 01:41:39,159
two weeks after Neil
walked on the moon.
1659
01:41:39,193 --> 01:41:43,097
Nobody was listening,
nobody cared.
1660
01:41:53,373 --> 01:41:58,145
This is a live special report
from ABC Radio News...
1661
01:41:58,178 --> 01:41:59,980
The flight of Apollo 12.
1662
01:42:00,013 --> 01:42:02,615
I'm Mark Graham with Merrill Mueller...
00:00:00.000
1663
01:42:02,616 --> 01:42:02,649
I'm Mark Graham
with Merrill Mueller...
1664
01:42:02,650 --> 01:42:05,018
It was never going
to be the same again.
1665
01:42:06,920 --> 01:42:09,590
The quest was fulfilled.
1666
01:42:11,825 --> 01:42:13,994
And coverage
of the second mission,
1667
01:42:14,027 --> 01:42:17,831
you had to sell it a little bit
to your editors.
1668
01:42:19,533 --> 01:42:21,435
Like that doing something
for the first time
1669
01:42:21,468 --> 01:42:23,303
is so much better
1670
01:42:23,337 --> 01:42:25,005
than doing something
for the second time.
1671
01:42:25,038 --> 01:42:26,240
I mean, who remembers
1672
01:42:26,273 --> 01:42:28,275
the second team
that climbed Everest?
1673
01:42:30,244 --> 01:42:35,015
If you can do it once,
you can do it again.
1674
01:42:39,753 --> 01:42:41,655
The Apollo program,
short of money
1675
01:42:41,688 --> 01:42:43,290
and no longer
as fashionably popular
1676
01:42:43,323 --> 01:42:44,258
as it once was,
1677
01:42:44,291 --> 01:42:46,226
is ending.
1678
01:42:46,260 --> 01:42:47,403
But it will end
on a spectacular note,
1679
01:42:47,427 --> 01:42:49,229
with a nighttime launch,
1680
01:42:49,263 --> 01:42:50,864
perhaps one of
the most exciting sights
1681
01:42:50,898 --> 01:42:53,467
a visitor to Cape Kennedy
can see.
1682
01:42:56,303 --> 01:43:00,374
What is it in our makeup
that it is possible for us
1683
01:43:00,407 --> 01:43:02,809
to get excited
about an Apollo 11,
1684
01:43:02,843 --> 01:43:05,345
man's first step on the moon,
1685
01:43:05,379 --> 01:43:07,948
and within two short years
of that time,
1686
01:43:07,981 --> 01:43:12,319
be as blasé as the public
seems to be today about,
1687
01:43:12,352 --> 01:43:15,822
about this particular launch
and the space program generally?
1688
01:43:15,856 --> 01:43:18,692
Well, I think it's
the excitement of the new.
1689
01:43:18,725 --> 01:43:20,661
I mean, it's like
getting married,
1690
01:43:20,694 --> 01:43:25,098
you know, and being married.
1691
01:43:25,132 --> 01:43:26,400
The love is still there,
1692
01:43:26,433 --> 01:43:27,801
the excitement is still there,
1693
01:43:27,834 --> 01:43:30,704
but it's no longer
the honeymoon.
1694
01:43:33,440 --> 01:43:37,110
I was all in favor
of people going into space.
1695
01:43:41,915 --> 01:43:44,284
It was the particular way
of doing it
1696
01:43:44,318 --> 01:43:47,588
which didn't make sense.
1697
01:43:47,621 --> 01:43:49,022
Right from the beginning,
1698
01:43:49,056 --> 01:43:51,592
Kennedy thought of it
as a ten-year project.
1699
01:43:51,625 --> 01:43:54,361
And you went to the moon,
you waved your flags,
1700
01:43:54,394 --> 01:43:59,099
and you came home,
and that was it.
1701
01:43:59,132 --> 01:44:00,300
Apollo would have made sense
1702
01:44:00,334 --> 01:44:02,869
if it had been
a 100-year program.
1703
01:44:05,472 --> 01:44:09,142
The Apollo mission,
it was wonderful
1704
01:44:09,176 --> 01:44:13,614
that they managed to do
as much as they did.
1705
01:44:25,492 --> 01:44:28,095
It was amazing how quickly
1706
01:44:28,128 --> 01:44:30,764
the money dried up
in our space program.
1707
01:44:32,599 --> 01:44:35,902
At the Cape, they started
handing out pink slips
1708
01:44:35,936 --> 01:44:37,804
right after the launch.
1709
01:44:41,475 --> 01:44:44,745
There is such a thing
as spinoffs,
1710
01:44:44,778 --> 01:44:49,082
and in the early 1960s,
NASA brought together
1711
01:44:49,116 --> 01:44:51,752
hundreds of the best minds
it could find
1712
01:44:51,785 --> 01:44:53,587
to build
an Apollo guidance computer
1713
01:44:53,620 --> 01:44:55,622
capable enough to get these guys
1714
01:44:55,656 --> 01:44:57,024
to the moon and back
1715
01:44:57,057 --> 01:45:00,994
and small enough to fit in the
command module. 00:00:00.000.
1716
01:45:02,929 --> 01:45:06,667
At the end of the effort
to build that guidance computer,
1717
01:45:06,700 --> 01:45:08,869
the people working on it
dispersed.
1718
01:45:08,902 --> 01:45:12,839
And they went everywhere
you can imagine.
1719
01:45:12,873 --> 01:45:16,009
And these become
the individuals who sort of
1720
01:45:16,043 --> 01:45:20,314
build the computing industry
in the 1970s.
1721
01:45:22,182 --> 01:45:23,650
The thing about technology
1722
01:45:23,684 --> 01:45:26,219
is that every little advance
1723
01:45:26,253 --> 01:45:29,823
really multiplies
in a lot of unexpected areas.
1724
01:45:29,856 --> 01:45:32,526
And, in that sense,
I think that the space program
1725
01:45:32,559 --> 01:45:36,229
did a whole lot for technology.
1726
01:45:36,263 --> 01:45:39,866
I think they accelerated
miniaturization
1727
01:45:39,900 --> 01:45:42,669
in the area of computers
and everything else.
1728
01:45:42,703 --> 01:45:46,606
I mean, all kinds of things
were made smaller
1729
01:45:46,640 --> 01:45:48,475
because you needed
to make them smaller
1730
01:45:48,508 --> 01:45:50,744
in order to fly.
1731
01:45:56,583 --> 01:45:58,385
The Apollo project
1732
01:45:58,418 --> 01:46:00,654
was a great achievement.
1733
01:46:04,491 --> 01:46:06,293
National pride,
1734
01:46:06,326 --> 01:46:08,261
a dose of national pride
was a good thing
1735
01:46:08,295 --> 01:46:10,997
for the country.
1736
01:46:11,031 --> 01:46:14,334
It showed that this country
could do
1737
01:46:14,368 --> 01:46:19,706
what it wanted to do
technologically
1738
01:46:19,740 --> 01:46:24,444
if it devoted enough time
and effort and resources to it.
1739
01:46:24,478 --> 01:46:25,679
I think we could do
1740
01:46:25,712 --> 01:46:27,848
lots of things today
technologically
1741
01:46:27,881 --> 01:46:29,449
if there were
the political will,
1742
01:46:29,483 --> 01:46:35,355
and there was political will
to go to the moon.
1743
01:46:35,389 --> 01:46:40,694
I think the really interesting
thing in the future is Mars.
1744
01:46:44,464 --> 01:46:47,134
Mars is a long way off.
1745
01:46:47,167 --> 01:46:50,303
I don't get all philosophical
about,
1746
01:46:50,337 --> 01:46:52,372
"We need a place to escape
when the sun expands."
1747
01:46:52,406 --> 01:46:56,376
You know, the sun
isn't going to expand
1748
01:46:56,410 --> 01:46:57,854
before we've wiped ourselves out
ten times over
1749
01:46:57,878 --> 01:47:02,883
with global warming
or some other thing.
1750
01:47:02,916 --> 01:47:05,419
Sure, humans ought
to go to Mars,
1751
01:47:05,452 --> 01:47:07,053
but only after it's been
1752
01:47:07,087 --> 01:47:08,522
thoroughly worked over
for decades
1753
01:47:08,555 --> 01:47:10,891
by unmanned vehicles.
1754
01:47:18,665 --> 01:47:23,103
And irony of ironies,
as time has gone by,
1755
01:47:23,136 --> 01:47:24,771
the robotic program
now of course
1756
01:47:24,805 --> 01:47:27,340
has taken over
space exploration.
1757
01:47:30,644 --> 01:47:36,016
Mars now has something like
15 or 16 American-made machines
1758
01:47:36,049 --> 01:47:38,018
either flying over
or making their way across
1759
01:47:38,051 --> 01:47:42,889
the Martian surface.
1760
01:47:44,491 --> 01:47:45,701
I think that the manned program
1761
01:47:45,725 --> 01:47:48,028
only begins, really,
to make sense
1762
01:47:48,061 --> 01:47:51,198
when it becomes sort of
like the Mayflower
1763
01:47:51,231 --> 01:47:53,967
going across the Atlantic.
1764
01:47:54,000 --> 01:47:55,535
People go
because they want to go,
1765
01:47:55,569 --> 01:47:57,737
and they want
to go and live there.
1766
01:47:59,606 --> 01:48:02,007
So, to my mind, 00:00:00.000.
1767
01:48:02,008 --> 01:48:02,042
So, to my mind,
1768
01:48:02,043 --> 01:48:05,145
these are the adventurers
who will take risks
1769
01:48:05,178 --> 01:48:10,350
and go out there
and try and make a go of it.
1770
01:48:15,388 --> 01:48:17,824
I don't know whether Mars is
such an interesting place to go,
1771
01:48:17,858 --> 01:48:19,426
that remains to be seen.
1772
01:48:22,162 --> 01:48:27,434
Life expands,
and life always takes chances.
1773
01:48:30,136 --> 01:48:34,441
Taking risks is in fact
what makes life interesting.
1774
01:49:59,326 --> 01:50:01,094
I believe we should
go to the moon.
1775
01:50:01,127 --> 01:50:04,264
Three, two, one...
1776
01:50:04,297 --> 01:50:06,032
zero, liftoff.
1777
01:50:38,431 --> 01:50:39,966
But it will be done.
1778
01:50:40,000 --> 01:50:41,844
And it will be done before
the end of this decade.
1779
01:50:41,868 --> 01:50:44,704
00:00:00.000
1780
01:51:55,975 --> 01:51:57,444
Next time...
1781
01:51:57,477 --> 01:51:58,954
I had never seen
that many people in my life
1782
01:51:58,978 --> 01:52:00,447
in one place at one time.
1783
01:52:00,480 --> 01:52:02,482
Everything that could possibly
go wrong
1784
01:52:02,515 --> 01:52:04,250
was happening.
1785
01:52:04,284 --> 01:52:06,419
The outside world thought
it was a disaster area.
1786
01:52:06,453 --> 01:52:08,722
Well, that's not
what we thought.
1787
01:52:08,755 --> 01:52:10,890
If 400,000 people
could get together
1788
01:52:10,924 --> 01:52:13,493
and have absolutely no conflict,
1789
01:52:13,526 --> 01:52:15,261
we could change the world.
1790
01:52:15,295 --> 01:52:18,565
"Three Days
That Defined a Generation,"
1791
01:52:18,598 --> 01:52:22,035
next time,
on "American Experience."
1792
01:52:22,068 --> 01:52:24,028
Made possible in part
by Liberty Mutual Insurance.
135639
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