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FEMALE NARRATOR: From a distance,
they look like shadows on the water.
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The ones we're approaching
lie just along the California coast.
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There's a forest under here,
and these are the tops of its trees.
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(CAWING)
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This is a forest of giant kelp,
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the largest plants in the ocean,
as tall as office buildings.
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On the surface,
trees this tall would need rigid trunks.
8
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Not the giant kelp.
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00:03:15,278 --> 00:03:19,489
Tiny floats along each stem
are enough to hold it up.
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It is anchored to the ocean floor
by a root-like structure called a holdfast.
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No nourishment is provided
through the holdfast.
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00:03:29,042 --> 00:03:32,794
All nutrients are absorbed
directly from the water itself.
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00:03:40,136 --> 00:03:44,806
Every habitat on Earth has evolved
its own village of relationships,
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its own citizens.
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All sharks sink unless they swim.
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This female swell shark
has settled here for a purpose.
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Every few months, she lays a single egg.
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00:05:04,345 --> 00:05:08,473
Ten months later,
helped by little hooks on its back,
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the baby swell shark
will struggle from its case.
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This is the approach to life
his species has evolved.
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They begin it alone.
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This fiery little sentry
is a garibaldi.
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The nest he's guarding is that dark patch
on the side of the rock.
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00:06:18,461 --> 00:06:23,173
Moray eels have powerful, crushing jaws
and sharp teeth,
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but they are not a threat to the garibaldi.
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00:06:25,968 --> 00:06:29,388
The prey they lie in wait for is octopus.
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00:06:43,986 --> 00:06:47,531
The octopus has blundered
into the garibaldi's nest.
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00:07:11,055 --> 00:07:15,976
Morays stalk their victims not by sight,
but smell.
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That squirt of ink contains an anesthetic
that foils the moray's sensitive nose.
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Like a banner on a castle wall,
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the dazzling garibaldi
posts himself on his ramparts,
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a guard whose watch is never done.
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He protects his nest
from hungry fish and scavengers.
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Sea urchins are a constant annoyance.
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It's the male garibaldi
who makes the nest,
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nibbling it neatly out of a patch of algae.
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He ends up with a space
about a foot and a half across.
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This nest already has eggs in it,
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but if the male keeps things tidy,
he may still attract another female.
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When he sees her, he goes
straight to the courtship acrobatics.
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Each time he does a loop, he clucks twice.
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(CLUCKING)
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The courtship worked.
The female is laying eggs.
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From time to time
the male moves in to fertilize the eggs.
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Since the female will eat the eggs
if she gets the chance,
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her fierce little partner chases her away
as soon as the laying is done.
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(CLUCKING)
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00:09:57,555 --> 00:09:59,139
In a couple of weeks,
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a swarm of tiny garibaldi
will drift away on the current
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to join the ebb and flow
of other new life in the underwater forest.
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Many will be caught and consumed
by animals like this tube anemone,
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a creature that snares its food
in a thicket of stinging tentacles.
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Others will escape into a great living mass
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of minute plants and animals
called ocean plankton.
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00:10:36,552 --> 00:10:39,429
But even there they are still food.
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The pelagic jellyfish harvests them
with a paralyzing sting.
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The face of an escarpment
below the kelp forest.
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These corals look like plants,
but they're animals.
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Their branches
comb the passing current for plankton.
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Deeper lies an even stranger world,
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a sort of vast shag carpet of
diminutive starfish known as brittle stars.
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A sheep crab gallops clumsily
across the brittle star garden.
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Is this kelp crab
about to make a meal of his captive?
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No. The larger crab is a male.
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He shelters and protects
the smaller female,
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who is carrying a brood of eggs.
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These sarcastic fringeheads,
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00:14:44,925 --> 00:14:48,845
yes, they are called sarcastic fringeheads,
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have moved into adjacent empty shells.
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The trouble is they're both males.
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In the face of threats like these,
one will have to leave,
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and his vacant shell
will be available for a female.
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Night gathers.
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A hungry sunstar storms through
a mass of brittle stars, who flee in panic.
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When daylight fades,
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creatures who shun the light of day
emerge from their lairs.
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Darkness is their special cloak.
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The California spiny lobster is protected
by a tough hide as hard as a rock
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called an exoskeleton.
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The only trouble with this suit of armor
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is that it has to be thrown away
once a year for the lobster to grow.
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It's called molting.
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The lobster has already
leaked out enzymes.
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The enzymes weaken his old shell.
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Now he drinks large amounts of water
in order to put pressure on the shell.
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Next, he expels the water from his body,
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allowing him
to struggle out of his old shell.
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It's an exhausting process.
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For 10 minutes, the lobster is defenseless.
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(CRACKING)
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The new shell will be soft and pliable.
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Before it hardens, the lobster will drink,
steadily swelling his body
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until he's about a quarter of an inch bigger
than he was last year.
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00:20:32,314 --> 00:20:37,860
As the night deepens,
strangers ascend from the depths.
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Tonight, and only tonight,
the opalescent squid will mate.
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In a frenzy, they seize each other,
coupling again and again.
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When a male succeeds,
his tentacles flush red.
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Females produce egg cases
almost as long as their bodies.
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With strong threads,
they anchor the cases in the sand,
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00:21:43,218 --> 00:21:47,680
covering the ocean floor
with swaying drifts of progeny.
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00:21:56,106 --> 00:22:01,610
And this is how it ends.
Every adult will die.
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In the world of the kelp forest,
nothing goes to waste
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and every death provides a meal to life.
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Bat rays awaken to the feast.
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(BARKING)
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Sea lions are stuffed to the whiskers
with squid.
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(BARKING CONTINUES)
108
00:26:08,275 --> 00:26:10,651
What are these sea lions doing?
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Your guess is as good as ours.
No one's ever witnessed this before.
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00:26:19,160 --> 00:26:22,997
Every morning they arrive
to chew these stems.
111
00:26:23,081 --> 00:26:24,832
We don't know why.
112
00:26:25,542 --> 00:26:28,752
Maybe this is the way
sea lions brush their teeth.
113
00:26:57,741 --> 00:27:01,535
This rocky environment
was once a part of the kelp forest.
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00:27:03,997 --> 00:27:07,833
It's been transformed
into its present state by sea urchins.
115
00:27:08,752 --> 00:27:11,170
It's called an urchin barrens.
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00:27:16,301 --> 00:27:19,803
Sea urchins
have a powerful appetite for kelp.
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00:27:22,932 --> 00:27:25,643
Here they are stripping the ocean bare.
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Whole forests are set adrift
by these spiny little regiments.
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Packed as densely
as 300 to the square yard,
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00:27:39,991 --> 00:27:43,619
the urchins
devour the giant kelp's holdfasts.
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00:27:52,128 --> 00:27:57,800
But the urchins have enemies, too,
and the sunstar is a deadly one.
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00:28:22,617 --> 00:28:24,785
There's a balance here.
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00:28:24,869 --> 00:28:29,248
The urchins eat the kelp,
the sunstar eats the urchins,
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00:28:29,332 --> 00:28:32,209
the giant kelp returns.
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00:28:32,293 --> 00:28:37,506
The endless flux
of ruin and renewal of life itself.
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Like fish made of light,
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a school of Spanish mackerel
hunts along the edge of the forest.
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Special organs in their sides
help them weave and dart in harmony,
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as if they were a single creature.
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00:31:04,988 --> 00:31:06,864
We are drawn to the ocean.
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00:31:06,948 --> 00:31:11,827
Life came from the sea,
and perhaps all life longs to return to it.
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00:31:12,579 --> 00:31:16,373
Each species follows its separate thread,
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00:31:16,457 --> 00:31:20,002
but a thread that knits its fate
into the fate of others.
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00:31:20,795 --> 00:31:25,465
None is exempt from this,
on land or in the sea.
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00:31:26,301 --> 00:31:30,137
The destiny of each is tied to all.
11646
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