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1
00:00:07,407 --> 00:00:09,142
OK, and we're marker inbound.
2
00:00:09,209 --> 00:00:11,010
Don't forget to give
me my call outs.
3
00:00:11,077 --> 00:00:15,248
Captain and first officer
have to work together as a team.
4
00:00:11,077 --> 00:00:15,248
Captain and first officer
have to work together as a team.
5
00:00:15,315 --> 00:00:17,283
But cockpits containing...
6
00:00:17,350 --> 00:00:18,418
Tony, what did you do?
7
00:00:17,350 --> 00:00:18,418
Tony, what did you do?
8
00:00:18,485 --> 00:00:19,753
...domineering
captains...
9
00:00:19,819 --> 00:00:23,356
Heading 230, understand?
10
00:00:23,423 --> 00:00:25,558
...poor communicators...
11
00:00:23,423 --> 00:00:25,558
...poor communicators...
12
00:00:25,625 --> 00:00:27,327
No!
13
00:00:27,394 --> 00:00:29,329
All he had to say was, stop,
you're turning the wrong way.
14
00:00:29,396 --> 00:00:31,264
...and
intimidated rookies...
15
00:00:29,396 --> 00:00:31,264
...and
intimidated rookies...
16
00:00:31,331 --> 00:00:32,265
I did nothing.
17
00:00:32,332 --> 00:00:34,267
...let the personal...
18
00:00:34,334 --> 00:00:35,668
Don't be so stupid.
19
00:00:35,735 --> 00:00:36,803
...get in the
way of the professional...
20
00:00:35,735 --> 00:00:36,803
...get in the
way of the professional...
21
00:00:36,870 --> 00:00:38,438
There were words
that you wouldn't
22
00:00:38,505 --> 00:00:41,174
expect to hear in a
professional crew environment.
23
00:00:41,241 --> 00:00:42,842
...and
doomed many lives.
24
00:00:41,241 --> 00:00:42,842
...and
doomed many lives.
25
00:00:45,578 --> 00:00:49,516
Investigators must now unravel
three needless tragedies...
26
00:00:45,578 --> 00:00:49,516
Investigators must now unravel
three needless tragedies...
27
00:00:49,582 --> 00:00:52,252
He made a habit of
failing his checkrides.
28
00:00:52,318 --> 00:00:53,420
...stemming from...
29
00:00:53,486 --> 00:00:54,521
We're crashing!
30
00:00:53,486 --> 00:00:54,521
We're crashing!
31
00:00:54,587 --> 00:00:56,189
...bad pilot pairings.
32
00:01:01,227 --> 00:01:02,595
Ladies and gentlemen,
33
00:01:02,662 --> 00:01:04,097
we are starting our approach.
34
00:01:04,164 --> 00:01:05,432
We lost both engines.
35
00:01:06,699 --> 00:01:09,068
AIRCRAFT CREW (OVER
PA): Emergency descent.
36
00:01:09,135 --> 00:01:09,803
Brace for impact!
37
00:01:24,250 --> 00:01:28,121
In Douala, Cameroon,
Kenya Airways Flight 507
38
00:01:28,188 --> 00:01:32,592
is waiting for a
bad storm to pass.
39
00:01:28,188 --> 00:01:32,592
is waiting for a
bad storm to pass.
40
00:01:32,659 --> 00:01:34,594
Ladies and
gentlemen, we are going
41
00:01:34,661 --> 00:01:36,396
to wait for the
weather conditions
42
00:01:34,661 --> 00:01:36,396
to wait for the
weather conditions
43
00:01:36,463 --> 00:01:40,467
to improve before we take off.
44
00:01:40,533 --> 00:01:42,869
There are
108 passengers on board
45
00:01:40,533 --> 00:01:42,869
There are
108 passengers on board
46
00:01:42,936 --> 00:01:49,275
the new Boeing 737-800.
47
00:01:42,936 --> 00:01:49,275
the new Boeing 737-800.
48
00:01:49,342 --> 00:01:53,146
Flight 507 began in
Abidjan earlier in the day.
49
00:01:53,213 --> 00:01:56,583
It's stopping over at Douala
and flying on to Nairobi, Kenya.
50
00:01:53,213 --> 00:01:56,583
It's stopping over at Douala
and flying on to Nairobi, Kenya.
51
00:01:59,552 --> 00:02:01,754
But the storm has
caused an hour's delay.
52
00:01:59,552 --> 00:02:01,754
But the storm has
caused an hour's delay.
53
00:02:06,292 --> 00:02:10,396
Captain Francis
Wamwea is in command.
54
00:02:10,463 --> 00:02:13,199
Let's see what
this storm is doing.
55
00:02:10,463 --> 00:02:13,199
Let's see what
this storm is doing.
56
00:02:13,266 --> 00:02:18,204
He's got more
than 8,000 flying hours.
57
00:02:13,266 --> 00:02:18,204
He's got more
than 8,000 flying hours.
58
00:02:18,271 --> 00:02:21,708
23-year-old Andrew Kiuru
is the first officer.
59
00:02:21,774 --> 00:02:23,676
There might be
a way around it.
60
00:02:27,213 --> 00:02:29,716
Tower, Kenya 507.
61
00:02:29,782 --> 00:02:32,352
Looks like there's a
break in the weather.
62
00:02:29,782 --> 00:02:32,352
Looks like there's a
break in the weather.
63
00:02:32,418 --> 00:02:34,621
Requesting startup.
64
00:02:34,687 --> 00:02:36,389
OK, 507.
65
00:02:34,687 --> 00:02:36,389
OK, 507.
66
00:02:36,456 --> 00:02:38,691
Startup approved.
67
00:02:38,758 --> 00:02:39,526
Startup checklist.
68
00:02:39,592 --> 00:02:40,493
Quickly, please.
69
00:02:44,597 --> 00:02:47,867
Generators on.
70
00:02:47,934 --> 00:02:52,572
OK, request taxi clearance.
71
00:02:47,934 --> 00:02:52,572
OK, request taxi clearance.
72
00:02:52,639 --> 00:02:55,275
As the plane
taxis to the runway,
73
00:02:52,639 --> 00:02:55,275
As the plane
taxis to the runway,
74
00:02:55,341 --> 00:02:59,345
the first officer focuses
on takeoff preparations.
75
00:02:59,412 --> 00:03:01,781
Wait till we line up.
76
00:02:59,412 --> 00:03:01,781
Wait till we line up.
77
00:03:01,848 --> 00:03:03,416
OK.
78
00:03:03,483 --> 00:03:06,185
Usually, things happen
quickly, though.
79
00:03:03,483 --> 00:03:06,185
Usually, things happen
quickly, though.
80
00:03:06,252 --> 00:03:07,420
Right.
81
00:03:07,487 --> 00:03:08,321
OK.
82
00:03:08,388 --> 00:03:09,622
Try to keep up.
83
00:03:17,864 --> 00:03:20,266
Captain Wamwea
verifies the position
84
00:03:17,864 --> 00:03:20,266
Captain Wamwea
verifies the position
85
00:03:20,333 --> 00:03:21,401
of a thunderstorm...
86
00:03:21,467 --> 00:03:22,802
Let's have a look.
87
00:03:22,869 --> 00:03:24,671
...before
confirming a route around it.
88
00:03:22,869 --> 00:03:24,671
...before
confirming a route around it.
89
00:03:27,340 --> 00:03:29,909
Tower, Kenya 507.
90
00:03:29,976 --> 00:03:32,245
After departure, we
would like to maintain
91
00:03:29,976 --> 00:03:32,245
After departure, we
would like to maintain
92
00:03:32,312 --> 00:03:36,749
a heading slightly left of
runway due to weather ahead.
93
00:03:32,312 --> 00:03:36,749
a heading slightly left of
runway due to weather ahead.
94
00:03:36,816 --> 00:03:39,285
Right.
95
00:03:39,352 --> 00:03:42,622
Sorry, slightly right.
96
00:03:39,352 --> 00:03:42,622
Sorry, slightly right.
97
00:03:42,689 --> 00:03:43,590
Approved.
98
00:03:50,063 --> 00:03:53,967
OK, takeoff thrust is set.
99
00:03:54,033 --> 00:03:55,635
Speed building on both.
100
00:03:55,702 --> 00:03:57,270
Check.
101
00:03:57,337 --> 00:03:58,671
80 knots.
102
00:03:58,738 --> 00:03:59,939
Check.
103
00:04:00,006 --> 00:04:03,242
V1 rotate.
104
00:04:03,309 --> 00:04:05,511
Just after
midnight, Kenya Airways
105
00:04:05,578 --> 00:04:07,680
Flight 507 finally takes off.
106
00:04:05,578 --> 00:04:07,680
Flight 507 finally takes off.
107
00:04:13,553 --> 00:04:14,787
Get up.
108
00:04:14,854 --> 00:04:15,722
OK.
109
00:04:23,529 --> 00:04:26,299
1,000 feet and climbing.
110
00:04:23,529 --> 00:04:26,299
1,000 feet and climbing.
111
00:04:26,366 --> 00:04:31,270
The 737 begins
turning to avoid the storm.
112
00:04:26,366 --> 00:04:31,270
The 737 begins
turning to avoid the storm.
113
00:04:31,337 --> 00:04:32,872
N1.
114
00:04:32,939 --> 00:04:36,009
After reaching 1,500
feet, the captain calls for...
115
00:04:32,939 --> 00:04:36,009
After reaching 1,500
feet, the captain calls for...
116
00:04:36,075 --> 00:04:37,410
OK, command.
117
00:04:37,477 --> 00:04:39,278
...the
autopilot to be engaged.
118
00:04:39,345 --> 00:04:40,980
So should I remain
on this heading?
119
00:04:41,047 --> 00:04:41,914
Yep.
120
00:04:47,120 --> 00:04:53,860
2,400 feet and climbing.
121
00:04:47,120 --> 00:04:53,860
2,400 feet and climbing.
122
00:04:53,926 --> 00:04:55,461
Now we're getting into it.
123
00:04:53,926 --> 00:04:55,461
Now we're getting into it.
124
00:05:04,971 --> 00:05:06,973
Bank angle, bank angle.
125
00:05:04,971 --> 00:05:06,973
Bank angle, bank angle.
126
00:05:07,040 --> 00:05:12,845
Suddenly, the 737
rolls dangerously to the right.
127
00:05:07,040 --> 00:05:12,845
Suddenly, the 737
rolls dangerously to the right.
128
00:05:14,080 --> 00:05:15,048
Bank angle, bank
129
00:05:15,114 --> 00:05:17,784
angle, bank angle, bank angle.
130
00:05:17,850 --> 00:05:22,088
The captain
struggles to level the plane.
131
00:05:17,850 --> 00:05:22,088
The captain
struggles to level the plane.
132
00:05:22,155 --> 00:05:24,023
Bank angle, bank angle.
133
00:05:22,155 --> 00:05:24,023
Bank angle, bank angle.
134
00:05:32,465 --> 00:05:33,032
Bank angle.
135
00:05:33,099 --> 00:05:34,400
We're crashing!
136
00:05:34,467 --> 00:05:35,635
Yeah, we are crashing.
137
00:05:35,702 --> 00:05:36,936
Left, left!
138
00:05:35,702 --> 00:05:36,936
Left, left!
139
00:05:37,003 --> 00:05:38,004
Bank angle, bank angle.
140
00:05:38,071 --> 00:05:40,773
Left correction!
141
00:05:40,840 --> 00:05:43,710
Bank angle, bank angle.
142
00:05:40,840 --> 00:05:43,710
Bank angle, bank angle.
143
00:05:43,776 --> 00:05:45,812
Bank angle, bank angle.
144
00:05:49,549 --> 00:05:51,884
Bank angle.
145
00:05:57,924 --> 00:06:02,662
Flight 507 has
plunged into a swamp.
146
00:05:57,924 --> 00:06:02,662
Flight 507 has
plunged into a swamp.
147
00:06:02,729 --> 00:06:06,432
Search teams spend two days
looking for the wreckage.
148
00:06:02,729 --> 00:06:06,432
Search teams spend two days
looking for the wreckage.
149
00:06:06,499 --> 00:06:09,736
It's found in a mangrove swamp
southeast of the airport.
150
00:06:14,607 --> 00:06:18,444
All 114 people on
board the 737 are dead.
151
00:06:14,607 --> 00:06:18,444
All 114 people on
board the 737 are dead.
152
00:06:22,515 --> 00:06:25,718
An international air accident
team arrives in Cameroon
153
00:06:22,515 --> 00:06:25,718
An international air accident
team arrives in Cameroon
154
00:06:25,785 --> 00:06:28,721
to investigate the case.
155
00:06:28,788 --> 00:06:32,892
This was the toughest accident
scene I've been on in my career
156
00:06:28,788 --> 00:06:32,892
This was the toughest accident
scene I've been on in my career
157
00:06:32,959 --> 00:06:35,428
at Boeing.
158
00:06:35,495 --> 00:06:38,064
With so much of the
physical evidence obliterated,
159
00:06:35,495 --> 00:06:38,064
With so much of the
physical evidence obliterated,
160
00:06:38,131 --> 00:06:42,835
investigators face
a huge challenge.
161
00:06:38,131 --> 00:06:42,835
investigators face
a huge challenge.
162
00:06:42,902 --> 00:06:45,772
The team gets a break
when the 737's flight
163
00:06:45,838 --> 00:06:47,640
data recorder is recovered.
164
00:06:51,611 --> 00:06:54,080
Well, looks pretty
good, considering.
165
00:06:51,611 --> 00:06:54,080
Well, looks pretty
good, considering.
166
00:06:58,651 --> 00:07:00,153
The search for
the cockpit voice recorder
167
00:06:58,651 --> 00:07:00,153
The search for
the cockpit voice recorder
168
00:07:00,219 --> 00:07:01,454
continues.
169
00:07:05,191 --> 00:07:07,693
In the meantime,
investigators can search
170
00:07:05,191 --> 00:07:07,693
In the meantime,
investigators can search
171
00:07:07,760 --> 00:07:09,595
the flight data for clues.
172
00:07:09,662 --> 00:07:12,832
They hope it will reveal
why a new Boeing aircraft
173
00:07:09,662 --> 00:07:12,832
They hope it will reveal
why a new Boeing aircraft
174
00:07:12,899 --> 00:07:15,201
crashed so soon after takeoff.
175
00:07:15,268 --> 00:07:16,602
Let's see what we've got.
176
00:07:19,038 --> 00:07:21,941
The data showed us the
airplane was behaving
177
00:07:22,008 --> 00:07:23,609
as we would expect it to.
178
00:07:23,676 --> 00:07:25,778
It was a perfectly
airworthy aircraft.
179
00:07:23,676 --> 00:07:25,778
It was a perfectly
airworthy aircraft.
180
00:07:25,845 --> 00:07:28,514
There's no question about it.
181
00:07:28,581 --> 00:07:31,651
As investigators
examine the data...
182
00:07:28,581 --> 00:07:31,651
As investigators
examine the data...
183
00:07:31,717 --> 00:07:33,186
Look at this.
184
00:07:33,252 --> 00:07:35,822
...the pilot's control
wheel inputs after takeoff
185
00:07:35,888 --> 00:07:36,756
attract their attention.
186
00:07:35,888 --> 00:07:36,756
attract their attention.
187
00:07:36,823 --> 00:07:37,690
Rotate.
188
00:07:40,893 --> 00:07:44,864
They make a
surprising discovery.
189
00:07:40,893 --> 00:07:44,864
They make a
surprising discovery.
190
00:07:44,931 --> 00:07:47,500
He was turning left from the
moment they left the ground.
191
00:07:50,269 --> 00:07:52,939
That information showed
us that right after takeoff
192
00:07:53,005 --> 00:07:55,141
the aircraft started to roll
to the right a little bit,
193
00:07:53,005 --> 00:07:55,141
the aircraft started to roll
to the right a little bit,
194
00:07:55,208 --> 00:07:58,978
and the pilot corrected it.
195
00:07:59,045 --> 00:08:02,215
And then he keeps making
corrections to the left.
196
00:07:59,045 --> 00:08:02,215
And then he keeps making
corrections to the left.
197
00:08:02,281 --> 00:08:06,052
It looks like he's trying
to keep the plane level.
198
00:08:02,281 --> 00:08:06,052
It looks like he's trying
to keep the plane level.
199
00:08:06,118 --> 00:08:08,788
Investigators wonder
what caused the aircraft's
200
00:08:08,855 --> 00:08:11,624
slight roll to the right.
201
00:08:11,691 --> 00:08:15,561
They dig deeper into
the flight data.
202
00:08:11,691 --> 00:08:15,561
They dig deeper into
the flight data.
203
00:08:15,628 --> 00:08:17,029
Bingo.
204
00:08:17,096 --> 00:08:19,165
It's the way the
flaps are rigged,
205
00:08:17,096 --> 00:08:19,165
It's the way the
flaps are rigged,
206
00:08:19,232 --> 00:08:20,666
gave it a slight right roll.
207
00:08:23,135 --> 00:08:25,204
On this
particular 737,
208
00:08:23,135 --> 00:08:25,204
On this
particular 737,
209
00:08:25,271 --> 00:08:27,607
the left flap
provided slightly more
210
00:08:27,673 --> 00:08:29,542
lift than the one on the right.
211
00:08:29,609 --> 00:08:32,879
While climbing, pilots needed
to compensate for the difference
212
00:08:29,609 --> 00:08:32,879
While climbing, pilots needed
to compensate for the difference
213
00:08:32,945 --> 00:08:35,648
by making constant
adjustments to the roll.
214
00:08:35,715 --> 00:08:39,819
It's similar to driving
down the freeway in your car
215
00:08:35,715 --> 00:08:39,819
It's similar to driving
down the freeway in your car
216
00:08:39,886 --> 00:08:42,622
and just letting
go of the wheel.
217
00:08:39,886 --> 00:08:42,622
and just letting
go of the wheel.
218
00:08:42,688 --> 00:08:45,758
Then it'll start to drift
off one way or another.
219
00:08:45,825 --> 00:08:49,195
That's the way the airplane was
slowly and naturally banking.
220
00:08:45,825 --> 00:08:49,195
That's the way the airplane was
slowly and naturally banking.
221
00:08:49,262 --> 00:08:51,898
The discovery
explains why the captain kept
222
00:08:51,964 --> 00:08:55,268
his control column turned to the
left immediately after takeoff.
223
00:08:51,964 --> 00:08:55,268
his control column turned to the
left immediately after takeoff.
224
00:08:58,871 --> 00:09:00,206
Well, that's weird.
225
00:08:58,871 --> 00:09:00,206
Well, that's weird.
226
00:09:00,273 --> 00:09:02,074
But it doesn't
account for some readings
227
00:09:02,141 --> 00:09:04,777
in the flight data.
228
00:09:04,844 --> 00:09:06,579
Look at this.
229
00:09:04,844 --> 00:09:06,579
Look at this.
230
00:09:06,646 --> 00:09:09,615
The captain's control
wheel inputs seem to stop.
231
00:09:09,682 --> 00:09:12,151
It's like he just let go of it.
232
00:09:09,682 --> 00:09:12,151
It's like he just let go of it.
233
00:09:12,218 --> 00:09:14,887
Six degrees right,
he does nothing.
234
00:09:14,954 --> 00:09:19,191
11 degrees, 15
degrees, 20 degrees,
235
00:09:14,954 --> 00:09:19,191
11 degrees, 15
degrees, 20 degrees,
236
00:09:19,258 --> 00:09:21,894
30 degrees and still nothing.
237
00:09:25,131 --> 00:09:26,999
Why did the
crew stop leveling
238
00:09:27,066 --> 00:09:29,068
the plane despite
banking further
239
00:09:29,135 --> 00:09:31,871
and further to the right?
240
00:09:29,135 --> 00:09:31,871
and further to the right?
241
00:09:31,938 --> 00:09:34,106
Bank angle, bank angle.
242
00:09:36,142 --> 00:09:38,611
The airplane just
continues to roll right
243
00:09:38,678 --> 00:09:41,948
up to 110 degrees of bank.
244
00:09:42,014 --> 00:09:44,850
The crew didn't recover
it before impact.
245
00:09:44,917 --> 00:09:46,319
The data
paints a baffling
246
00:09:46,385 --> 00:09:47,787
picture of the short flight.
247
00:09:51,257 --> 00:09:54,360
Who flies like that?
248
00:09:51,257 --> 00:09:54,360
Who flies like that?
249
00:09:54,427 --> 00:09:56,829
With little
physical evidence to go on
250
00:09:56,896 --> 00:09:59,131
and perplexing
flight data, the team
251
00:09:59,198 --> 00:10:03,369
is eager to locate the plane's
cockpit voice recorder.
252
00:09:59,198 --> 00:10:03,369
is eager to locate the plane's
cockpit voice recorder.
253
00:10:03,436 --> 00:10:06,172
It may be all they have
to solve the mystery
254
00:10:03,436 --> 00:10:06,172
It may be all they have
to solve the mystery
255
00:10:06,238 --> 00:10:08,040
of Flight 507's crash.
256
00:10:13,913 --> 00:10:15,948
It takes five
weeks for searchers
257
00:10:16,015 --> 00:10:18,317
to recover Kenya
Airways Flight 507's
258
00:10:16,015 --> 00:10:18,317
to recover Kenya
Airways Flight 507's
259
00:10:18,384 --> 00:10:23,122
cockpit voice recorder from a
swamp near Douala International
260
00:10:23,189 --> 00:10:24,290
Airport.
261
00:10:23,189 --> 00:10:24,290
Airport.
262
00:10:24,357 --> 00:10:26,058
Started.
263
00:10:26,125 --> 00:10:28,627
Investigators hope
it will reveal why the pilots
264
00:10:28,694 --> 00:10:31,130
didn't take action until
the aircraft reached
265
00:10:28,694 --> 00:10:31,130
didn't take action until
the aircraft reached
266
00:10:31,197 --> 00:10:33,299
an extreme right bank angle.
267
00:10:33,366 --> 00:10:34,333
Selected.
268
00:10:34,400 --> 00:10:36,102
Check.
269
00:10:36,168 --> 00:10:37,336
N1.
270
00:10:37,403 --> 00:10:38,804
FIRST OFFICER (ON
TAPE): OK, command.
271
00:10:38,871 --> 00:10:41,173
That's the call to
activate the autopilot.
272
00:10:45,277 --> 00:10:47,847
So should I remain
on this heading?
273
00:10:47,913 --> 00:10:50,216
Yep.
274
00:10:47,913 --> 00:10:50,216
Yep.
275
00:10:50,282 --> 00:10:53,052
Flight data confirms
that the captain released
276
00:10:53,119 --> 00:10:55,788
the control column after
calling for the autopilot
277
00:10:53,119 --> 00:10:55,788
the control column after
calling for the autopilot
278
00:10:55,855 --> 00:10:57,189
to be engaged.
279
00:10:57,256 --> 00:10:59,759
But investigators
spot a problem.
280
00:10:59,825 --> 00:11:02,962
The autopilot didn't come on.
281
00:10:59,825 --> 00:11:02,962
The autopilot didn't come on.
282
00:11:03,029 --> 00:11:05,398
He thought the 737
was flying itself.
283
00:11:05,464 --> 00:11:07,767
Investigators are stunned.
284
00:11:05,464 --> 00:11:07,767
Investigators are stunned.
285
00:11:07,833 --> 00:11:10,302
After the captain released
the control column,
286
00:11:10,369 --> 00:11:13,205
55 seconds passed
before pilots noticed
287
00:11:10,369 --> 00:11:13,205
55 seconds passed
before pilots noticed
288
00:11:13,272 --> 00:11:16,275
the plane was out of control.
289
00:11:16,342 --> 00:11:18,244
There was nobody
flying the controls,
290
00:11:16,342 --> 00:11:18,244
There was nobody
flying the controls,
291
00:11:18,310 --> 00:11:21,147
so nothing was
controlling the airplane.
292
00:11:21,213 --> 00:11:22,882
The chilling
discovery gives
293
00:11:22,948 --> 00:11:24,850
the investigation a new focus.
294
00:11:22,948 --> 00:11:24,850
the investigation a new focus.
295
00:11:24,917 --> 00:11:25,818
N1.
296
00:11:25,885 --> 00:11:27,720
OK, command.
297
00:11:27,787 --> 00:11:32,091
Why didn't
the autopilot turn on?
298
00:11:27,787 --> 00:11:32,091
Why didn't
the autopilot turn on?
299
00:11:32,158 --> 00:11:36,162
The captain calls for the
autopilot to be engaged.
300
00:11:32,158 --> 00:11:36,162
The captain calls for the
autopilot to be engaged.
301
00:11:36,228 --> 00:11:40,099
But the first officer
does not respond.
302
00:11:40,166 --> 00:11:43,169
Investigators suspect
that the first officer was so
303
00:11:40,166 --> 00:11:43,169
Investigators suspect
that the first officer was so
304
00:11:43,235 --> 00:11:46,038
focused on inputting the
route around the storm
305
00:11:46,105 --> 00:11:49,742
that he never engaged
the autopilot.
306
00:11:46,105 --> 00:11:49,742
that he never engaged
the autopilot.
307
00:11:49,809 --> 00:11:50,976
Now we're getting into it.
308
00:11:51,043 --> 00:11:53,012
It seems
the captain assumed
309
00:11:53,079 --> 00:11:55,781
the autopilot was
controlling the aircraft and
310
00:11:53,079 --> 00:11:55,781
the autopilot was
controlling the aircraft and
311
00:11:55,848 --> 00:11:58,184
the pre-selected right turn.
312
00:11:58,250 --> 00:12:01,387
Bank angle, bank angle.
313
00:11:58,250 --> 00:12:01,387
Bank angle, bank angle.
314
00:12:01,454 --> 00:12:02,822
Bank angle, bank angle.
315
00:12:02,888 --> 00:12:04,356
The pilots only noticed
316
00:12:04,423 --> 00:12:08,494
there was a problem when the
bank angle warning sounded.
317
00:12:04,423 --> 00:12:08,494
there was a problem when the
bank angle warning sounded.
318
00:12:08,561 --> 00:12:12,164
This means the plane
exceeded a 35-degree roll
319
00:12:08,561 --> 00:12:12,164
This means the plane
exceeded a 35-degree roll
320
00:12:12,231 --> 00:12:15,768
and was flying into danger.
321
00:12:15,835 --> 00:12:17,770
We're crashing!
322
00:12:17,837 --> 00:12:19,939
Yet, the
737's bank angle
323
00:12:17,837 --> 00:12:19,939
Yet, the
737's bank angle
324
00:12:20,005 --> 00:12:21,740
warning is designed
to give pilots
325
00:12:21,807 --> 00:12:24,176
enough time to regain control.
326
00:12:21,807 --> 00:12:24,176
enough time to regain control.
327
00:12:24,243 --> 00:12:26,412
So why didn't the crew recover?
328
00:12:26,479 --> 00:12:28,881
They should have been
trained for such a scenario.
329
00:12:31,383 --> 00:12:35,087
Investigators dig into the
pilots' backgrounds for clues.
330
00:12:35,154 --> 00:12:36,922
Wait.
331
00:12:35,154 --> 00:12:36,922
Wait.
332
00:12:36,989 --> 00:12:38,491
Look at this.
333
00:12:38,557 --> 00:12:40,826
They find serious
shortcomings in the captain's
334
00:12:40,893 --> 00:12:41,560
training records.
335
00:12:44,163 --> 00:12:46,465
Inadequate knowledge of
systems and procedures,
336
00:12:46,532 --> 00:12:50,336
insufficient flight
discipline, poor cockpit scans,
337
00:12:46,532 --> 00:12:50,336
insufficient flight
discipline, poor cockpit scans,
338
00:12:50,402 --> 00:12:52,104
below standard.
339
00:12:52,171 --> 00:12:54,473
Yikes.
340
00:12:52,171 --> 00:12:54,473
Yikes.
341
00:12:54,540 --> 00:12:55,774
Get up.
342
00:12:55,841 --> 00:12:57,243
OK.
343
00:12:57,309 --> 00:12:59,512
We discovered that captain
had a history of training
344
00:12:59,578 --> 00:13:02,882
difficulties and lack
of systems knowledge
345
00:12:59,578 --> 00:13:02,882
difficulties and lack
of systems knowledge
346
00:13:02,948 --> 00:13:05,384
for autoflight
systems and so forth.
347
00:13:05,451 --> 00:13:09,788
So he had some red
flags in his history.
348
00:13:05,451 --> 00:13:09,788
So he had some red
flags in his history.
349
00:13:09,855 --> 00:13:12,258
The first officer's
report isn't any better.
350
00:13:09,855 --> 00:13:12,258
The first officer's
report isn't any better.
351
00:13:12,324 --> 00:13:15,227
The first officer was young
and fairly inexperienced.
352
00:13:15,294 --> 00:13:19,064
He had had some training
feedback, like you
353
00:13:15,294 --> 00:13:19,064
He had had some training
feedback, like you
354
00:13:19,131 --> 00:13:22,401
need to be more proactive
about calling out deviations
355
00:13:22,468 --> 00:13:23,369
and so forth.
356
00:13:23,435 --> 00:13:25,304
Not an A-level crew.
357
00:13:23,435 --> 00:13:25,304
Not an A-level crew.
358
00:13:25,371 --> 00:13:27,072
It's a
troubling discovery,
359
00:13:27,139 --> 00:13:30,809
but it still doesn't add up.
360
00:13:27,139 --> 00:13:30,809
but it still doesn't add up.
361
00:13:30,876 --> 00:13:33,012
It should have been
a simple recovery.
362
00:13:33,078 --> 00:13:35,080
Even a less
experienced captain
363
00:13:35,147 --> 00:13:37,283
and a novice first
officer would have had
364
00:13:35,147 --> 00:13:37,283
and a novice first
officer would have had
365
00:13:37,349 --> 00:13:40,019
basic upset recovery skills.
366
00:13:40,085 --> 00:13:41,854
Was there something
here that we are
367
00:13:41,921 --> 00:13:43,422
missing in the investigation?
368
00:13:41,921 --> 00:13:43,422
missing in the investigation?
369
00:13:43,489 --> 00:13:45,824
They returned to
the flight data and the voice
370
00:13:45,891 --> 00:13:48,827
recording for additional clues.
371
00:13:45,891 --> 00:13:48,827
recording for additional clues.
372
00:13:50,129 --> 00:13:51,163
Bank angle.
373
00:13:53,632 --> 00:13:56,835
When the bank warning
came on and the aircraft was
374
00:13:53,632 --> 00:13:56,835
When the bank warning
came on and the aircraft was
375
00:13:56,902 --> 00:14:01,407
in a right roll, the captain
turned it further to the right,
376
00:13:56,902 --> 00:14:01,407
in a right roll, the captain
turned it further to the right,
377
00:14:01,473 --> 00:14:04,476
which aggravated the situation.
378
00:14:04,543 --> 00:14:07,513
When he realized
the autopilot was disengaged,
379
00:14:04,543 --> 00:14:07,513
When he realized
the autopilot was disengaged,
380
00:14:07,580 --> 00:14:11,550
the captain activated it.
381
00:14:11,617 --> 00:14:14,086
But when the plane
didn't level immediately,
382
00:14:11,617 --> 00:14:14,086
But when the plane
didn't level immediately,
383
00:14:14,153 --> 00:14:16,589
he turned the control
column erratically.
384
00:14:16,655 --> 00:14:19,491
Those inputs overrode
the autopilot.
385
00:14:16,655 --> 00:14:19,491
Those inputs overrode
the autopilot.
386
00:14:19,558 --> 00:14:23,596
22 degrees to
the right, 20 left,
387
00:14:23,662 --> 00:14:28,634
45 right, then 11 to the left.
388
00:14:23,662 --> 00:14:28,634
45 right, then 11 to the left.
389
00:14:28,701 --> 00:14:30,402
That's not helping.
390
00:14:28,701 --> 00:14:30,402
That's not helping.
391
00:14:30,469 --> 00:14:31,904
We're crashing!
392
00:14:31,971 --> 00:14:34,306
Yeah, we are crashing.
393
00:14:34,373 --> 00:14:37,042
Then, "yes, we are crashing."
394
00:14:34,373 --> 00:14:37,042
Then, "yes, we are crashing."
395
00:14:37,109 --> 00:14:41,347
Left, left, left corrections.
396
00:14:41,413 --> 00:14:44,950
Left correction!
397
00:14:41,413 --> 00:14:44,950
Left correction!
398
00:14:45,017 --> 00:14:47,186
The timing of the
first officer's response
399
00:14:47,253 --> 00:14:50,055
is significant.
400
00:14:47,253 --> 00:14:50,055
is significant.
401
00:14:50,122 --> 00:14:53,592
It took him ten
seconds to speak up.
402
00:14:53,659 --> 00:14:56,929
The first officer
read the situation correctly.
403
00:14:53,659 --> 00:14:56,929
The first officer
read the situation correctly.
404
00:14:56,996 --> 00:14:58,197
We're crashing!
405
00:14:58,264 --> 00:14:59,465
Yeah, we are crashing.
406
00:14:59,531 --> 00:15:01,667
The pilots
needed to turn left.
407
00:14:59,531 --> 00:15:01,667
The pilots
needed to turn left.
408
00:15:01,734 --> 00:15:03,168
Left, left!
409
00:15:03,235 --> 00:15:04,169
Bank angle.
410
00:15:04,236 --> 00:15:05,638
Left correction!
411
00:15:05,704 --> 00:15:08,240
So why did First
Officer Kiuru stay silent?
412
00:15:05,704 --> 00:15:08,240
So why did First
Officer Kiuru stay silent?
413
00:15:11,243 --> 00:15:13,979
They go back to the first leg
of the flight from Abidjan
414
00:15:11,243 --> 00:15:13,979
They go back to the first leg
of the flight from Abidjan
415
00:15:14,046 --> 00:15:18,050
to Douala on the
recording for clues.
416
00:15:18,117 --> 00:15:19,118
Let's hear it.
417
00:15:18,117 --> 00:15:19,118
Let's hear it.
418
00:15:21,654 --> 00:15:23,022
FIRST OFFICER (ON
TAPE): Sorry, Did you
419
00:15:23,088 --> 00:15:25,557
say an altitude of 14,000 feet?
420
00:15:23,088 --> 00:15:25,557
say an altitude of 14,000 feet?
421
00:15:25,624 --> 00:15:27,960
Yes, don't be so stupid.
422
00:15:28,027 --> 00:15:30,362
Write it down if
you can't remember.
423
00:15:28,027 --> 00:15:30,362
Write it down if
you can't remember.
424
00:15:30,429 --> 00:15:32,064
Wow.
425
00:15:32,131 --> 00:15:35,501
There were words like
"stupid," "shut up,"
426
00:15:35,567 --> 00:15:37,269
stuff like that
that you wouldn't
427
00:15:35,567 --> 00:15:37,269
stuff like that
that you wouldn't
428
00:15:37,336 --> 00:15:41,140
expect to hear in a
professional crew environment.
429
00:15:41,206 --> 00:15:43,108
What is wrong with you?
430
00:15:41,206 --> 00:15:43,108
What is wrong with you?
431
00:15:43,175 --> 00:15:44,643
Did you not hear
the instruction?
432
00:15:44,710 --> 00:15:47,946
The first officer
seemed to shut down.
433
00:15:48,013 --> 00:15:51,116
Heading 2-3-0.
434
00:15:48,013 --> 00:15:51,116
Heading 2-3-0.
435
00:15:51,183 --> 00:15:52,418
Understand?
436
00:15:52,484 --> 00:15:54,520
Investigators believe the captain's
437
00:15:52,484 --> 00:15:54,520
Investigators believe the captain's
438
00:15:54,586 --> 00:15:57,356
intimidating manner
prevented the first officer
439
00:15:57,423 --> 00:15:58,657
from speaking up sooner.
440
00:16:01,493 --> 00:16:03,262
Bank angle, bank angle.
441
00:16:03,329 --> 00:16:05,698
The captain's behavior
toward the first officer
442
00:16:05,764 --> 00:16:08,267
on the first flight
likely caused
443
00:16:05,764 --> 00:16:08,267
on the first flight
likely caused
444
00:16:08,334 --> 00:16:10,736
him to adopt a passive role.
445
00:16:10,803 --> 00:16:14,406
You need both pilots actively
engaged in checking each other
446
00:16:10,803 --> 00:16:14,406
You need both pilots actively
engaged in checking each other
447
00:16:14,473 --> 00:16:17,309
and catching errors.
448
00:16:17,376 --> 00:16:20,412
So a heightened ego?
449
00:16:17,376 --> 00:16:20,412
So a heightened ego?
450
00:16:20,479 --> 00:16:21,246
Really?
451
00:16:21,313 --> 00:16:22,981
History with him.
452
00:16:23,048 --> 00:16:25,150
Captain Wamwea's
treatment of his first officer
453
00:16:23,048 --> 00:16:25,150
Captain Wamwea's
treatment of his first officer
454
00:16:25,217 --> 00:16:28,187
leads investigators to delve
deeper into the captain's
455
00:16:28,253 --> 00:16:30,389
professional history.
456
00:16:28,253 --> 00:16:30,389
professional history.
457
00:16:30,456 --> 00:16:34,259
He had a lot of concerning
things in his training files
458
00:16:34,326 --> 00:16:37,996
about being overbearing,
being authoritarian
459
00:16:34,326 --> 00:16:37,996
about being overbearing,
being authoritarian
460
00:16:38,063 --> 00:16:40,065
in terms of how he dealt
with other crew members.
461
00:16:43,102 --> 00:16:47,239
So we have our young,
reserved first officer
462
00:16:47,306 --> 00:16:49,074
and an overbearing captain.
463
00:16:47,306 --> 00:16:49,074
and an overbearing captain.
464
00:16:49,141 --> 00:16:50,509
A lethal combination.
465
00:16:56,315 --> 00:16:58,550
So should I remain
on this heading?
466
00:16:58,617 --> 00:16:59,685
Yep.
467
00:16:59,752 --> 00:17:01,253
In the
end, investigators
468
00:16:59,752 --> 00:17:01,253
In the
end, investigators
469
00:17:01,320 --> 00:17:03,555
conclude that one
major mistake lay
470
00:17:03,622 --> 00:17:05,257
at the heart of the tragedy...
471
00:17:05,324 --> 00:17:09,361
the crew's failure to ensure
the autopilot was engaged.
472
00:17:05,324 --> 00:17:09,361
the crew's failure to ensure
the autopilot was engaged.
473
00:17:09,428 --> 00:17:12,698
Additionally, the pairing of a
domineering, verbally abusive
474
00:17:09,428 --> 00:17:12,698
Additionally, the pairing of a
domineering, verbally abusive
475
00:17:12,765 --> 00:17:15,401
captain with an
apprehensive young pilot
476
00:17:15,467 --> 00:17:17,403
compounded the danger.
477
00:17:18,771 --> 00:17:20,639
Bank angle, bank angle.
478
00:17:32,684 --> 00:17:35,721
In the wake
of Flight 507's crash,
479
00:17:35,788 --> 00:17:38,524
Cameroon's commission
of inquiry made a series
480
00:17:35,788 --> 00:17:38,524
Cameroon's commission
of inquiry made a series
481
00:17:38,590 --> 00:17:42,594
of recommendations,
including regularly updating
482
00:17:38,590 --> 00:17:42,594
of recommendations,
including regularly updating
483
00:17:42,661 --> 00:17:45,497
safety manuals relating
to cockpit procedures
484
00:17:45,564 --> 00:17:49,535
and crew responsibility...
485
00:17:45,564 --> 00:17:49,535
and crew responsibility...
486
00:17:49,601 --> 00:17:52,404
They made changes to the
standard operating procedures
487
00:17:52,471 --> 00:17:55,674
about who's responsible
for engaging the autopilot.
488
00:17:52,471 --> 00:17:55,674
about who's responsible
for engaging the autopilot.
489
00:17:55,741 --> 00:17:58,744
...and improved
pilot training with a focus
490
00:17:58,811 --> 00:18:01,647
on upset recovery.
491
00:17:58,811 --> 00:18:01,647
on upset recovery.
492
00:18:01,713 --> 00:18:05,117
Communication in the cockpit
is like the fabric that
493
00:18:05,184 --> 00:18:06,852
holds a good flight together.
494
00:18:05,184 --> 00:18:06,852
holds a good flight together.
495
00:18:06,919 --> 00:18:10,522
And when these break down,
then you may be in trouble.
496
00:18:15,427 --> 00:18:17,563
And when another
professional mismatch
497
00:18:17,629 --> 00:18:19,765
leads to panic in the cockpit...
498
00:18:17,629 --> 00:18:19,765
leads to panic in the cockpit...
499
00:18:19,832 --> 00:18:22,768
Left, left, left!
500
00:18:22,835 --> 00:18:25,504
...a short commuter
flight goes horribly wrong.
501
00:18:22,835 --> 00:18:25,504
...a short commuter
flight goes horribly wrong.
502
00:18:32,444 --> 00:18:35,514
It's a cold and rainy night at
Zurich International Airport.
503
00:18:39,318 --> 00:18:42,120
Passengers on board
Crossair Flight 498
504
00:18:39,318 --> 00:18:42,120
Passengers on board
Crossair Flight 498
505
00:18:42,187 --> 00:18:44,223
are waiting for takeoff
to Dresden, Germany.
506
00:18:47,593 --> 00:18:50,796
Captain Pavel Gruzin
is in command.
507
00:18:47,593 --> 00:18:50,796
Captain Pavel Gruzin
is in command.
508
00:18:50,863 --> 00:18:52,397
And ready?
509
00:18:52,464 --> 00:18:55,601
And Rastislav
Kolesar is first officer.
510
00:18:52,464 --> 00:18:55,601
And Rastislav
Kolesar is first officer.
511
00:18:55,667 --> 00:18:56,602
Checklist completed.
512
00:18:56,668 --> 00:18:57,903
Both
513
00:18:57,970 --> 00:18:59,137
Pilots came
from Eastern Europe
514
00:18:59,204 --> 00:19:01,206
to work in Switzerland.
515
00:18:59,204 --> 00:19:01,206
to work in Switzerland.
516
00:19:01,273 --> 00:19:02,241
Set takeoff power.
517
00:19:06,612 --> 00:19:08,847
Takeoff power set.
518
00:19:08,914 --> 00:19:12,217
Tonight, they're
flying a Saab 340 turboprop.
519
00:19:08,914 --> 00:19:12,217
Tonight, they're
flying a Saab 340 turboprop.
520
00:19:15,487 --> 00:19:16,355
Get up.
521
00:19:18,857 --> 00:19:21,360
Before the
aircraft clears the clouds,
522
00:19:21,426 --> 00:19:24,830
the controller makes a slight
change to the flight path.
523
00:19:21,426 --> 00:19:24,830
the controller makes a slight
change to the flight path.
524
00:19:24,897 --> 00:19:27,666
498, turn left to Zurich East.
525
00:19:27,733 --> 00:19:29,668
Turning left to Zurich East.
526
00:19:27,733 --> 00:19:29,668
Turning left to Zurich East.
527
00:19:29,735 --> 00:19:33,672
Crossair Four-niner-eight.
528
00:19:33,739 --> 00:19:36,508
The new route takes
the plane south of the airport
529
00:19:33,739 --> 00:19:36,508
The new route takes
the plane south of the airport
530
00:19:36,575 --> 00:19:38,877
over a navigation beacon
and on to Dresden.
531
00:19:41,747 --> 00:19:44,850
As the plane begins to
turn, the first officer
532
00:19:44,917 --> 00:19:47,719
notices something wrong.
533
00:19:44,917 --> 00:19:47,719
notices something wrong.
534
00:19:47,786 --> 00:19:51,557
Turning... turning
left to Zurich East.
535
00:19:51,623 --> 00:19:52,558
We should left!
536
00:20:00,532 --> 00:20:02,367
No, no.
537
00:20:02,434 --> 00:20:05,203
Crossair 498, confirm
you are turning left.
538
00:20:05,270 --> 00:20:06,772
Please, standby.
539
00:20:05,270 --> 00:20:06,772
Please, standby.
540
00:20:06,838 --> 00:20:08,740
The plane
should be turning left,
541
00:20:08,807 --> 00:20:13,312
but instead it's
banking to the right.
542
00:20:08,807 --> 00:20:13,312
but instead it's
banking to the right.
543
00:20:13,378 --> 00:20:14,980
OK, continue right
to Zurich East.
544
00:20:19,284 --> 00:20:19,952
No!
545
00:20:27,492 --> 00:20:31,430
Left, left, left!
546
00:20:27,492 --> 00:20:31,430
Left, left, left!
547
00:20:36,635 --> 00:20:37,502
No!
548
00:20:43,442 --> 00:20:46,411
Flight 498
slams into the ground
549
00:20:46,478 --> 00:20:47,946
just four miles
from the airport.
550
00:20:46,478 --> 00:20:47,946
just four miles
from the airport.
551
00:20:50,782 --> 00:20:53,986
All seven passengers and
three crew die on impact.
552
00:20:50,782 --> 00:20:53,986
All seven passengers and
three crew die on impact.
553
00:20:56,922 --> 00:21:01,426
The next morning, investigators
inspect the wreckage.
554
00:20:56,922 --> 00:21:01,426
The next morning, investigators
inspect the wreckage.
555
00:21:01,493 --> 00:21:06,298
The crash site itself provides
them with their first lead.
556
00:21:01,493 --> 00:21:06,298
The crash site itself provides
them with their first lead.
557
00:21:06,365 --> 00:21:09,835
If you can't see a bigger
structure of an aircraft
558
00:21:09,901 --> 00:21:13,739
and you see a crater,
that leads you to the idea
559
00:21:09,901 --> 00:21:13,739
and you see a crater,
that leads you to the idea
560
00:21:13,805 --> 00:21:19,511
that this aircraft has to come
quite steep into the ground.
561
00:21:13,805 --> 00:21:19,511
that this aircraft has to come
quite steep into the ground.
562
00:21:19,578 --> 00:21:22,447
The debris field tells
investigators the direction
563
00:21:22,514 --> 00:21:25,384
the plane was flying.
564
00:21:22,514 --> 00:21:25,384
the plane was flying.
565
00:21:25,450 --> 00:21:28,453
They discover it was turning
in the opposite direction
566
00:21:28,520 --> 00:21:32,491
to its designated flight path.
567
00:21:28,520 --> 00:21:32,491
to its designated flight path.
568
00:21:32,557 --> 00:21:34,860
They question air traffic
controllers working
569
00:21:34,926 --> 00:21:37,029
the night of the accident.
570
00:21:34,926 --> 00:21:37,029
the night of the accident.
571
00:21:37,095 --> 00:21:40,766
Why weren't they flying
the standard departure?
572
00:21:40,832 --> 00:21:43,669
498 turn left to Zurich East.
573
00:21:40,832 --> 00:21:43,669
498 turn left to Zurich East.
574
00:21:43,735 --> 00:21:45,003
Air traffic controllers
575
00:21:45,070 --> 00:21:47,906
tell investigators
Crossair 498 turned right
576
00:21:45,070 --> 00:21:47,906
tell investigators
Crossair 498 turned right
577
00:21:47,973 --> 00:21:51,910
and not left as instructed.
578
00:21:51,977 --> 00:21:55,547
Crossair 498, confirm
you are turning left.
579
00:21:51,977 --> 00:21:55,547
Crossair 498, confirm
you are turning left.
580
00:21:55,614 --> 00:21:56,848
Please, standby.
581
00:21:56,915 --> 00:21:58,617
The controller
assumed the captain
582
00:21:58,684 --> 00:22:00,419
wanted to follow
a different route
583
00:21:58,684 --> 00:22:00,419
wanted to follow
a different route
584
00:22:00,485 --> 00:22:02,087
and approved the course change.
585
00:22:02,154 --> 00:22:04,356
OK, continue right
to Zurich East.
586
00:22:07,793 --> 00:22:12,464
Moments later, the
plane spiraled out of control.
587
00:22:07,793 --> 00:22:12,464
Moments later, the
plane spiraled out of control.
588
00:22:12,531 --> 00:22:15,934
A steep right turn developed,
which led to a collision
589
00:22:16,001 --> 00:22:17,636
with ground.
590
00:22:17,703 --> 00:22:23,408
But there was no indication
about the reason for that.
591
00:22:23,475 --> 00:22:25,343
The team hopes
the black boxes will
592
00:22:23,475 --> 00:22:25,343
The team hopes
the black boxes will
593
00:22:25,410 --> 00:22:28,880
help focus the investigation.
594
00:22:28,947 --> 00:22:31,850
While experts recover
the recorders' data,
595
00:22:28,947 --> 00:22:31,850
While experts recover
the recorders' data,
596
00:22:31,917 --> 00:22:34,586
crash site debris
provides a big lead...
597
00:22:37,022 --> 00:22:40,892
a pilot's mostly
intact flight bag.
598
00:22:40,959 --> 00:22:45,464
It belonged to Captain
Gruzin, and its contents
599
00:22:40,959 --> 00:22:45,464
It belonged to Captain
Gruzin, and its contents
600
00:22:45,530 --> 00:22:46,698
are disturbing.
601
00:22:50,969 --> 00:22:53,405
There were some
personal items in there,
602
00:22:53,472 --> 00:22:57,042
and with them we
found this medication.
603
00:22:53,472 --> 00:22:57,042
and with them we
found this medication.
604
00:22:57,109 --> 00:23:01,012
No label or box with it.
605
00:22:57,109 --> 00:23:01,012
No label or box with it.
606
00:23:01,079 --> 00:23:04,549
It is quite uncommon that
you find some medication
607
00:23:04,616 --> 00:23:08,019
in a pilot's bag.
608
00:23:04,616 --> 00:23:08,019
in a pilot's bag.
609
00:23:08,086 --> 00:23:10,822
Turning left to Zurich East.
610
00:23:10,889 --> 00:23:12,591
We should left!
611
00:23:10,889 --> 00:23:12,591
We should left!
612
00:23:12,657 --> 00:23:15,827
Investigators consider
a deeply troubling scenario.
613
00:23:15,894 --> 00:23:19,030
Was a drug-impaired
captain at the controls
614
00:23:15,894 --> 00:23:19,030
Was a drug-impaired
captain at the controls
615
00:23:19,097 --> 00:23:20,732
on the night of the crash?
616
00:23:20,799 --> 00:23:24,503
It is always of great
concern because we all
617
00:23:20,799 --> 00:23:24,503
It is always of great
concern because we all
618
00:23:24,569 --> 00:23:27,639
know that we're not supposed
to take any kind of drugs
619
00:23:27,706 --> 00:23:29,508
when we go flying.
620
00:23:29,574 --> 00:23:31,843
The team must
identify the medication
621
00:23:29,574 --> 00:23:31,843
The team must
identify the medication
622
00:23:31,910 --> 00:23:34,946
and determine whether Captain
Gruzin took any before stepping
623
00:23:35,013 --> 00:23:38,016
into the cockpit.
624
00:23:35,013 --> 00:23:38,016
into the cockpit.
625
00:23:38,083 --> 00:23:38,950
Get this to the lab.
626
00:23:39,017 --> 00:23:39,885
OK.
627
00:23:46,758 --> 00:23:48,527
The test
results identify
628
00:23:46,758 --> 00:23:48,527
The test
results identify
629
00:23:48,593 --> 00:23:52,631
phenazepam, a powerful
sedative similar to Valium.
630
00:23:52,697 --> 00:23:56,735
The drug is often used to
treat anxiety disorders.
631
00:23:52,697 --> 00:23:56,735
The drug is often used to
treat anxiety disorders.
632
00:23:56,802 --> 00:23:59,237
In this case, there
was a medication
633
00:23:59,304 --> 00:24:02,040
which was very
strong, and which can
634
00:23:59,304 --> 00:24:02,040
which was very
strong, and which can
635
00:24:02,107 --> 00:24:06,244
have an effect on your
capability to fly an airplane.
636
00:24:02,107 --> 00:24:06,244
have an effect on your
capability to fly an airplane.
637
00:24:06,311 --> 00:24:08,246
Investigators must wait for the results
638
00:24:08,313 --> 00:24:10,615
of the tissue analysis.
639
00:24:10,682 --> 00:24:13,051
Could an impaired
pilot be the reason
640
00:24:10,682 --> 00:24:13,051
Could an impaired
pilot be the reason
641
00:24:13,118 --> 00:24:16,087
10 people lost their lives
in a tragic accident?
642
00:24:17,923 --> 00:24:22,694
The investigation into the
crash of Crossair Flight 498
643
00:24:17,923 --> 00:24:22,694
The investigation into the
crash of Crossair Flight 498
644
00:24:22,761 --> 00:24:24,729
comes to a dead end
with the results
645
00:24:22,761 --> 00:24:24,729
comes to a dead end
with the results
646
00:24:24,796 --> 00:24:26,898
from the tissue analysis.
647
00:24:26,965 --> 00:24:30,836
Though Captain Gruzin had traces
of a sedative in his system,
648
00:24:26,965 --> 00:24:30,836
Though Captain Gruzin had traces
of a sedative in his system,
649
00:24:30,902 --> 00:24:34,139
the tests don't reveal if the
amount was sufficient to affect
650
00:24:34,206 --> 00:24:35,874
his flying.
651
00:24:35,941 --> 00:24:40,545
We were not able to rule out
this effect in the accident,
652
00:24:35,941 --> 00:24:40,545
We were not able to rule out
this effect in the accident,
653
00:24:40,612 --> 00:24:45,550
but we were also not
sure that this medication
654
00:24:40,612 --> 00:24:45,550
but we were also not
sure that this medication
655
00:24:45,617 --> 00:24:48,620
had an effect for sure.
656
00:24:45,617 --> 00:24:48,620
had an effect for sure.
657
00:24:48,687 --> 00:24:51,289
With the data from
the black boxes now available,
658
00:24:51,356 --> 00:24:55,093
the team turns to the cockpit
voice recording for answers.
659
00:24:51,356 --> 00:24:55,093
the team turns to the cockpit
voice recording for answers.
660
00:24:55,160 --> 00:24:56,628
FIRST OFFICER (ON
TAPE): Tail is up.
661
00:24:56,695 --> 00:24:58,530
They listen to
the pilots' conversation
662
00:24:58,597 --> 00:25:00,866
in the cockpit alongside
the flight data.
663
00:24:58,597 --> 00:25:00,866
in the cockpit alongside
the flight data.
664
00:25:03,335 --> 00:25:07,739
Right here the turn is
starting to get very steep.
665
00:25:03,335 --> 00:25:07,739
Right here the turn is
starting to get very steep.
666
00:25:07,806 --> 00:25:09,107
Oh, no, no!
667
00:25:09,174 --> 00:25:11,710
The captain's
sudden agitated reaction
668
00:25:11,776 --> 00:25:12,744
provides a clue.
669
00:25:11,776 --> 00:25:12,744
provides a clue.
670
00:25:15,213 --> 00:25:18,183
That timing can't
be coincidence.
671
00:25:15,213 --> 00:25:18,183
That timing can't
be coincidence.
672
00:25:18,250 --> 00:25:20,318
Investigators know that the captain's
673
00:25:20,385 --> 00:25:22,554
flight display
changes the moment
674
00:25:22,621 --> 00:25:23,922
a turn becomes too steep.
675
00:25:26,391 --> 00:25:31,897
The system is designed that
if you go into an abnormal bank
676
00:25:26,391 --> 00:25:31,897
The system is designed that
if you go into an abnormal bank
677
00:25:31,963 --> 00:25:36,735
or pitch angle, he removes
unnecessary information
678
00:25:31,963 --> 00:25:36,735
or pitch angle, he removes
unnecessary information
679
00:25:36,801 --> 00:25:41,039
to make the recovery
easier for the pilot.
680
00:25:41,106 --> 00:25:42,974
The timing of the
captain's remark
681
00:25:41,106 --> 00:25:42,974
The timing of the
captain's remark
682
00:25:43,041 --> 00:25:46,311
convinces investigators his
instruments were working.
683
00:25:46,378 --> 00:25:50,615
But for some reason, the pilot
turned further to the right.
684
00:25:46,378 --> 00:25:50,615
But for some reason, the pilot
turned further to the right.
685
00:25:50,682 --> 00:25:52,350
Left!
686
00:25:52,417 --> 00:25:54,052
I think the problem
was that he was
687
00:25:52,417 --> 00:25:54,052
I think the problem
was that he was
688
00:25:54,119 --> 00:25:56,955
not aware of what was going on.
689
00:25:57,022 --> 00:26:00,058
What so confused
an experienced pilot
690
00:25:57,022 --> 00:26:00,058
What so confused
an experienced pilot
691
00:26:00,125 --> 00:26:02,861
that he was unable to
distinguish left from right?
692
00:26:05,730 --> 00:26:08,266
The team examines the
pilot's records at Crossair.
693
00:26:05,730 --> 00:26:08,266
The team examines the
pilot's records at Crossair.
694
00:26:11,870 --> 00:26:13,071
Nothing yet.
695
00:26:11,870 --> 00:26:13,071
Nothing yet.
696
00:26:13,138 --> 00:26:14,339
You?
697
00:26:14,406 --> 00:26:16,107
Investigators need to dig deeper
698
00:26:16,174 --> 00:26:19,611
into the crew's training.
699
00:26:16,174 --> 00:26:19,611
into the crew's training.
700
00:26:19,678 --> 00:26:22,213
The search for an answer
takes them to Russia, where
701
00:26:22,280 --> 00:26:25,817
Captain Gruzin learned to fly.
702
00:26:22,280 --> 00:26:25,817
Captain Gruzin learned to fly.
703
00:26:25,884 --> 00:26:27,118
Thank you for seeing us.
704
00:26:27,185 --> 00:26:28,853
Captain Gruzin was trained
705
00:26:28,920 --> 00:26:31,790
on Soviet-era aircraft,
the first officer
706
00:26:28,920 --> 00:26:31,790
on Soviet-era aircraft,
the first officer
707
00:26:31,856 --> 00:26:34,359
on Western planes.
708
00:26:34,426 --> 00:26:36,995
Investigators learned
that both pilots completed
709
00:26:34,426 --> 00:26:36,995
Investigators learned
that both pilots completed
710
00:26:37,062 --> 00:26:39,664
their training successfully.
711
00:26:39,731 --> 00:26:43,001
But then Russian experts
share a troubling cluster
712
00:26:39,731 --> 00:26:43,001
But then Russian experts
share a troubling cluster
713
00:26:43,068 --> 00:26:45,270
of similar accidents.
714
00:26:45,337 --> 00:26:48,406
Pilots trained on
Soviet-era aircraft were
715
00:26:45,337 --> 00:26:48,406
Pilots trained on
Soviet-era aircraft were
716
00:26:48,473 --> 00:26:50,742
becoming confused
by a crucial flight
717
00:26:50,809 --> 00:26:53,678
instrument on Western planes...
718
00:26:53,745 --> 00:26:57,115
the attitude indicator,
or artificial horizon.
719
00:26:53,745 --> 00:26:57,115
the attitude indicator,
or artificial horizon.
720
00:26:57,182 --> 00:26:58,817
This was very
surprising for us
721
00:26:58,883 --> 00:27:01,119
because this
problem was not well
722
00:26:58,883 --> 00:27:01,119
because this
problem was not well
723
00:27:01,186 --> 00:27:07,125
known at this time in the
Western part of aviation.
724
00:27:01,186 --> 00:27:07,125
known at this time in the
Western part of aviation.
725
00:27:07,192 --> 00:27:09,260
Pilots in
the former Soviet Union
726
00:27:09,327 --> 00:27:11,363
were trained to fly
using an attitude
727
00:27:11,429 --> 00:27:13,965
indicator that looks very
different from the ones
728
00:27:11,429 --> 00:27:13,965
indicator that looks very
different from the ones
729
00:27:14,032 --> 00:27:16,368
in Western planes.
730
00:27:16,434 --> 00:27:21,373
Turning left to Zurich East,
Crossair four-niner-eight.
731
00:27:16,434 --> 00:27:21,373
Turning left to Zurich East,
Crossair four-niner-eight.
732
00:27:21,439 --> 00:27:24,109
In the West, the
aircraft symbol at the center
733
00:27:21,439 --> 00:27:24,109
In the West, the
aircraft symbol at the center
734
00:27:24,175 --> 00:27:27,045
is static while the
background moves.
735
00:27:27,112 --> 00:27:29,714
Soviet or Eastern
attitude indicators
736
00:27:29,781 --> 00:27:31,416
work in the opposite way.
737
00:27:29,781 --> 00:27:31,416
work in the opposite way.
738
00:27:31,483 --> 00:27:36,721
The aircraft symbol moves, and
the horizon remains static.
739
00:27:31,483 --> 00:27:36,721
The aircraft symbol moves, and
the horizon remains static.
740
00:27:36,788 --> 00:27:39,891
It's easy to see how a
pilot might get confused.
741
00:27:39,958 --> 00:27:43,828
This discovery was really
crucial for a probable cause
742
00:27:39,958 --> 00:27:43,828
This discovery was really
crucial for a probable cause
743
00:27:43,895 --> 00:27:44,763
of this accident.
744
00:27:47,766 --> 00:27:49,234
Under stress and possibly
745
00:27:47,766 --> 00:27:49,234
Under stress and possibly
746
00:27:49,300 --> 00:27:52,237
affected by a sedative,
Captain Gruzin
747
00:27:52,303 --> 00:27:54,105
may have reverted
to what he learned
748
00:27:52,303 --> 00:27:54,105
may have reverted
to what he learned
749
00:27:54,172 --> 00:27:57,108
when he first became a pilot.
750
00:27:57,175 --> 00:27:58,710
No!
751
00:27:58,777 --> 00:28:00,979
In his confusion,
he became convinced
752
00:27:58,777 --> 00:28:00,979
In his confusion,
he became convinced
753
00:28:01,046 --> 00:28:03,448
he was in a steep
left turn, so he
754
00:28:03,515 --> 00:28:06,751
turned right,
putting the aircraft
755
00:28:03,515 --> 00:28:06,751
turned right,
putting the aircraft
756
00:28:06,818 --> 00:28:08,520
into a deadly, spiraling dive.
757
00:28:16,895 --> 00:28:19,998
But a question remains
unanswered... what prevented
758
00:28:16,895 --> 00:28:19,998
But a question remains
unanswered... what prevented
759
00:28:20,065 --> 00:28:22,333
the first officer from
noticing his captain's
760
00:28:22,400 --> 00:28:24,969
mistake before it was too late?
761
00:28:22,400 --> 00:28:24,969
mistake before it was too late?
762
00:28:25,036 --> 00:28:27,772
Climbing level 110,
Crossair four-niner-eight.
763
00:28:27,839 --> 00:28:29,040
It was
the first officer's
764
00:28:29,107 --> 00:28:32,410
job to monitor the instruments.
765
00:28:29,107 --> 00:28:32,410
job to monitor the instruments.
766
00:28:32,477 --> 00:28:34,779
Investigators reconstruct the flight
767
00:28:34,846 --> 00:28:37,248
to see what the first
officer was doing when
768
00:28:34,846 --> 00:28:37,248
to see what the first
officer was doing when
769
00:28:37,315 --> 00:28:39,150
things started to go wrong.
770
00:28:39,217 --> 00:28:40,919
OK, let's begin.
771
00:28:40,985 --> 00:28:42,287
In the air.
772
00:28:40,985 --> 00:28:42,287
In the air.
773
00:28:42,353 --> 00:28:45,890
Crossair 498,
climb to flight level 110.
774
00:28:45,957 --> 00:28:47,258
Climbing level 110.
775
00:28:47,325 --> 00:28:51,463
Crossair four-niner-eight.
776
00:28:47,325 --> 00:28:51,463
Crossair four-niner-eight.
777
00:28:51,529 --> 00:28:54,265
Investigators discover
the first officer must have
778
00:28:51,529 --> 00:28:54,265
Investigators discover
the first officer must have
779
00:28:54,332 --> 00:28:56,868
been looking down to
adjust some settings
780
00:28:56,935 --> 00:29:00,138
or was focused on
the overhead panel.
781
00:28:56,935 --> 00:29:00,138
or was focused on
the overhead panel.
782
00:29:00,205 --> 00:29:02,941
Bleeds are on.
783
00:29:03,007 --> 00:29:06,111
Set climb power.
784
00:29:03,007 --> 00:29:06,111
Set climb power.
785
00:29:06,177 --> 00:29:07,545
Coming.
786
00:29:07,612 --> 00:29:09,447
These duties keep
a pilot's gaze well away
787
00:29:09,514 --> 00:29:11,416
from the attitude indicator.
788
00:29:11,483 --> 00:29:14,819
By the time the first officer
could see what was happening,
789
00:29:11,483 --> 00:29:14,819
By the time the first officer
could see what was happening,
790
00:29:14,886 --> 00:29:18,256
the plane was already
in a steep right bank.
791
00:29:14,886 --> 00:29:18,256
the plane was already
in a steep right bank.
792
00:29:18,323 --> 00:29:20,325
Turning left to Zurich East.
793
00:29:20,391 --> 00:29:23,027
We should left!
794
00:29:23,094 --> 00:29:26,931
Crossair 498, confirm
you are turning left.
795
00:29:23,094 --> 00:29:26,931
Crossair 498, confirm
you are turning left.
796
00:29:26,998 --> 00:29:28,800
Please, standby.
797
00:29:28,867 --> 00:29:30,201
No!
798
00:29:28,867 --> 00:29:30,201
No!
799
00:29:30,268 --> 00:29:31,536
The stress in
the first officer's voice
800
00:29:31,603 --> 00:29:34,105
suggests he knew there
was a serious problem,
801
00:29:34,172 --> 00:29:36,274
but was unable to
communicate it clearly.
802
00:29:34,172 --> 00:29:36,274
but was unable to
communicate it clearly.
803
00:29:36,341 --> 00:29:38,009
Left, left!
804
00:29:38,076 --> 00:29:40,011
And the captain,
thinking his plane was already
805
00:29:40,078 --> 00:29:43,114
turning left, didn't understand
what his first officer
806
00:29:40,078 --> 00:29:43,114
turning left, didn't understand
what his first officer
807
00:29:43,181 --> 00:29:44,282
was trying to tell him.
808
00:29:44,349 --> 00:29:45,850
Left!
809
00:29:45,917 --> 00:29:48,153
Their English was
basically aviation English.
810
00:29:45,917 --> 00:29:48,153
Their English was
basically aviation English.
811
00:29:48,219 --> 00:29:49,387
Ah!
812
00:29:49,454 --> 00:29:53,158
And it is hard to
communicate fluently
813
00:29:53,224 --> 00:29:57,962
and to communicate
concerns well enough.
814
00:29:53,224 --> 00:29:57,962
and to communicate
concerns well enough.
815
00:30:02,400 --> 00:30:06,204
All he had to say was stop,
you're turning the wrong way.
816
00:30:02,400 --> 00:30:06,204
All he had to say was stop,
you're turning the wrong way.
817
00:30:06,271 --> 00:30:07,906
In the
end, the pairing
818
00:30:07,972 --> 00:30:11,075
of two pilots with very
limited English language skills
819
00:30:11,142 --> 00:30:14,112
proved lethal.
820
00:30:11,142 --> 00:30:14,112
proved lethal.
821
00:30:14,179 --> 00:30:18,483
After the crash of Flight 498,
the aviation industry worldwide
822
00:30:14,179 --> 00:30:18,483
After the crash of Flight 498,
the aviation industry worldwide
823
00:30:18,550 --> 00:30:21,319
improved training for pilots
from former Soviet bloc
824
00:30:21,386 --> 00:30:24,856
countries, and passing an
English language proficiency
825
00:30:21,386 --> 00:30:24,856
countries, and passing an
English language proficiency
826
00:30:24,923 --> 00:30:27,058
test became a requirement.
827
00:30:27,125 --> 00:30:29,227
Recommendations did
arise from the accident.
828
00:30:29,294 --> 00:30:32,096
People upgrading
to Western machines
829
00:30:29,294 --> 00:30:32,096
People upgrading
to Western machines
830
00:30:32,163 --> 00:30:35,233
received much more training on
the differences between Western
831
00:30:35,300 --> 00:30:37,001
and Eastern Bloc aircraft.
832
00:30:35,300 --> 00:30:37,001
and Eastern Bloc aircraft.
833
00:30:40,238 --> 00:30:43,575
But when mistrust in the
cockpit reaches a fever pitch...
834
00:30:40,238 --> 00:30:43,575
But when mistrust in the
cockpit reaches a fever pitch...
835
00:30:43,641 --> 00:30:44,442
Yaw damper.
836
00:30:44,509 --> 00:30:45,376
Autopilot all the way.
837
00:30:45,443 --> 00:30:47,178
Don't touch.
838
00:30:47,245 --> 00:30:49,547
...a straightforward
landing turns into a disaster.
839
00:30:47,245 --> 00:30:49,547
...a straightforward
landing turns into a disaster.
840
00:30:49,614 --> 00:30:50,381
Tony, what did you do?
841
00:30:50,448 --> 00:30:51,316
I did nothing.
842
00:30:58,189 --> 00:31:00,892
United Express Flight 6291
843
00:30:58,189 --> 00:31:00,892
United Express Flight 6291
844
00:31:00,959 --> 00:31:03,061
is en route from
Washington Dulles Airport
845
00:31:03,127 --> 00:31:04,128
to Columbus, Ohio.
846
00:31:07,198 --> 00:31:09,300
A winter cold front is
dropping temperatures
847
00:31:09,367 --> 00:31:11,402
below freezing in the region.
848
00:31:11,469 --> 00:31:12,937
Cold enough for you?
849
00:31:11,469 --> 00:31:12,937
Cold enough for you?
850
00:31:13,004 --> 00:31:15,607
Captain Derek
White is in the cockpit.
851
00:31:15,673 --> 00:31:17,475
Actually, I kind of like it.
852
00:31:17,542 --> 00:31:19,077
Really?
853
00:31:17,542 --> 00:31:19,077
Really?
854
00:31:19,143 --> 00:31:21,346
Anthony Samuels
is his first officer.
855
00:31:21,412 --> 00:31:24,048
He's been with United
Express for three months.
856
00:31:21,412 --> 00:31:24,048
He's been with United
Express for three months.
857
00:31:27,051 --> 00:31:28,386
Starting to get
the hang of it?
858
00:31:28,453 --> 00:31:30,154
Oh, yeah.
859
00:31:28,453 --> 00:31:30,154
Oh, yeah.
860
00:31:30,221 --> 00:31:33,591
They're piloting
a brand new Jetstream 4100,
861
00:31:33,658 --> 00:31:35,994
a small twin-engine turboprop.
862
00:31:38,730 --> 00:31:41,165
There are only five
passengers plus a flight
863
00:31:41,232 --> 00:31:42,300
attendant in the cabin.
864
00:31:41,232 --> 00:31:42,300
attendant in the cabin.
865
00:31:44,769 --> 00:31:51,175
Flight 6291 is cruising at
an altitude of 14,000 feet.
866
00:31:44,769 --> 00:31:51,175
Flight 6291 is cruising at
an altitude of 14,000 feet.
867
00:31:51,242 --> 00:31:55,079
United Express
6291, be advised,
868
00:31:51,242 --> 00:31:55,079
United Express
6291, be advised,
869
00:31:55,146 --> 00:32:00,351
we just had a report
of some icing at 1,400.
870
00:31:55,146 --> 00:32:00,351
we just had a report
of some icing at 1,400.
871
00:32:00,418 --> 00:32:04,055
Indianapolis Center,
United Express 6291,
872
00:32:04,122 --> 00:32:08,426
can we get 1,500 for a while?
873
00:32:04,122 --> 00:32:08,426
can we get 1,500 for a while?
874
00:32:08,493 --> 00:32:13,398
United Express 6291,
climb and maintain 1,500.
875
00:32:08,493 --> 00:32:13,398
United Express 6291,
climb and maintain 1,500.
876
00:32:13,464 --> 00:32:23,041
1,500, United Express 6291.
877
00:32:13,464 --> 00:32:23,041
1,500, United Express 6291.
878
00:32:23,107 --> 00:32:24,542
After flying
for several minutes
879
00:32:23,107 --> 00:32:24,542
After flying
for several minutes
880
00:32:24,609 --> 00:32:27,045
above the bad weather...
881
00:32:27,111 --> 00:32:28,579
I made the approach turn.
882
00:32:28,646 --> 00:32:32,116
...the pilots are
ready to begin their descent.
883
00:32:28,646 --> 00:32:32,116
...the pilots are
ready to begin their descent.
884
00:32:32,183 --> 00:32:37,722
United Express 6291,
reduce speed to 1-7-0 knots.
885
00:32:32,183 --> 00:32:37,722
United Express 6291,
reduce speed to 1-7-0 knots.
886
00:32:37,789 --> 00:32:39,157
The plane needs to slow
887
00:32:39,223 --> 00:32:42,560
down to make a safe approach.
888
00:32:39,223 --> 00:32:42,560
down to make a safe approach.
889
00:32:42,627 --> 00:32:50,301
Reduce speed to 170
knots, United Express 6291.
890
00:32:42,627 --> 00:32:50,301
Reduce speed to 170
knots, United Express 6291.
891
00:32:50,368 --> 00:32:54,472
United Express 6291,
Columbus Tower, runway
892
00:32:50,368 --> 00:32:54,472
United Express 6291,
Columbus Tower, runway
893
00:32:54,539 --> 00:32:56,741
2-8 left cleared to land.
894
00:32:56,808 --> 00:33:00,011
Wind 3-0-0 at 4 knots.
895
00:32:56,808 --> 00:33:00,011
Wind 3-0-0 at 4 knots.
896
00:33:00,078 --> 00:33:01,112
OK, if you have
all the speeds,
897
00:33:01,179 --> 00:33:04,215
don't worry about it anymore.
898
00:33:04,282 --> 00:33:06,651
The ref is 112, but
I got to input that.
899
00:33:04,282 --> 00:33:06,651
The ref is 112, but
I got to input that.
900
00:33:06,718 --> 00:33:07,685
I did it for you.
901
00:33:13,491 --> 00:33:15,226
OK, and we're marker inbound.
902
00:33:15,293 --> 00:33:16,427
Roger.
903
00:33:16,494 --> 00:33:18,563
Don't forget to
give me my call-outs.
904
00:33:16,494 --> 00:33:18,563
Don't forget to
give me my call-outs.
905
00:33:18,629 --> 00:33:20,565
The captain
reminds the first officer
906
00:33:20,631 --> 00:33:23,167
to report the altitude
and airspeed readings.
907
00:33:27,438 --> 00:33:29,807
As the plane pushes through
the mist and drizzle,
908
00:33:29,874 --> 00:33:32,643
the runway comes into view.
909
00:33:29,874 --> 00:33:32,643
the runway comes into view.
910
00:33:32,710 --> 00:33:35,780
Flaps 15, landing checks.
911
00:33:35,847 --> 00:33:38,783
Flaps 15, landing
gear down, three green.
912
00:33:35,847 --> 00:33:38,783
Flaps 15, landing
gear down, three green.
913
00:33:38,850 --> 00:33:39,717
Yaw damper.
914
00:33:45,289 --> 00:33:46,524
Tony, what did you do?
915
00:33:46,591 --> 00:33:47,492
I did nothing.
916
00:33:51,396 --> 00:33:52,163
Oh!
917
00:33:52,230 --> 00:33:53,097
Give me flaps up.
918
00:33:53,164 --> 00:33:53,731
No, no, no.
919
00:33:53,798 --> 00:33:55,233
Hold it, hold it.
920
00:33:53,798 --> 00:33:55,233
Hold it, hold it.
921
00:33:55,299 --> 00:33:57,368
They're up.
922
00:33:57,435 --> 00:33:58,302
Give me flaps up.
923
00:34:02,240 --> 00:34:03,141
Hold tight!
924
00:34:05,510 --> 00:34:06,411
Ah!
925
00:34:05,510 --> 00:34:06,411
Ah!
926
00:34:13,584 --> 00:34:16,854
Flight 6291
crashes into a warehouse only
927
00:34:16,921 --> 00:34:18,723
a mile short of the runway.
928
00:34:16,921 --> 00:34:18,723
a mile short of the runway.
929
00:34:18,790 --> 00:34:20,458
Follow me right behind.
930
00:34:20,525 --> 00:34:23,861
A family of three
escapes the fiery wreckage.
931
00:34:23,928 --> 00:34:25,830
They are the only
ones to survive.
932
00:34:23,928 --> 00:34:25,830
They are the only
ones to survive.
933
00:34:33,404 --> 00:34:37,175
After sunrise, lead investigator
Al Dickinson and his team
934
00:34:33,404 --> 00:34:37,175
After sunrise, lead investigator
Al Dickinson and his team
935
00:34:37,241 --> 00:34:41,813
from the National Transportation
Safety Board are on the scene.
936
00:34:41,879 --> 00:34:45,750
The fire was very
intense, and it
937
00:34:41,879 --> 00:34:45,750
The fire was very
intense, and it
938
00:34:45,817 --> 00:34:50,755
made it hard just to try to
identify the different pieces.
939
00:34:45,817 --> 00:34:50,755
made it hard just to try to
identify the different pieces.
940
00:34:50,822 --> 00:34:54,192
Yes, now, that's
what I wanted to see.
941
00:34:50,822 --> 00:34:54,192
Yes, now, that's
what I wanted to see.
942
00:34:54,258 --> 00:34:55,560
The flight data recorder
943
00:34:55,626 --> 00:34:57,462
and cockpit voice
recorder are found
944
00:34:57,528 --> 00:34:59,831
buried deep in the wreckage.
945
00:34:59,897 --> 00:35:03,835
Using Flight 6291's
airspeed and altitude,
946
00:34:59,897 --> 00:35:03,835
Using Flight 6291's
airspeed and altitude,
947
00:35:03,901 --> 00:35:06,370
the team tracks the
plane's descent.
948
00:35:03,901 --> 00:35:06,370
the team tracks the
plane's descent.
949
00:35:06,437 --> 00:35:08,639
OK, this is the ice
that they flew through.
950
00:35:08,706 --> 00:35:11,242
The data gives
the investigators a lead.
951
00:35:11,309 --> 00:35:12,577
Wow, 240 knots.
952
00:35:11,309 --> 00:35:12,577
Wow, 240 knots.
953
00:35:12,643 --> 00:35:15,146
They are screaming through this.
954
00:35:15,213 --> 00:35:18,683
And it looks like a slam dunk.
955
00:35:15,213 --> 00:35:18,683
And it looks like a slam dunk.
956
00:35:18,749 --> 00:35:21,519
A slam dunk is when a
plane approaches high and then
957
00:35:21,586 --> 00:35:24,422
descends rapidly to the runway.
958
00:35:21,586 --> 00:35:24,422
descends rapidly to the runway.
959
00:35:24,489 --> 00:35:27,158
It's usually done to get
through bad weather quickly,
960
00:35:27,225 --> 00:35:28,826
but it's a risky maneuver.
961
00:35:28,893 --> 00:35:31,429
You can fly really
fast to get through ice,
962
00:35:28,893 --> 00:35:31,429
You can fly really
fast to get through ice,
963
00:35:31,496 --> 00:35:34,398
but if you don't look well
ahead of the aircraft,
964
00:35:34,465 --> 00:35:36,767
you can easily slam it
right into the Earth.
965
00:35:34,465 --> 00:35:36,767
you can easily slam it
right into the Earth.
966
00:35:36,834 --> 00:35:40,271
Here they're going
so fast, the controller
967
00:35:40,338 --> 00:35:41,472
has to slow them down.
968
00:35:45,910 --> 00:35:50,748
United Express 6291,
reduce speed to 1-7-0 knots.
969
00:35:45,910 --> 00:35:50,748
United Express 6291,
reduce speed to 1-7-0 knots.
970
00:35:50,815 --> 00:35:53,851
In response, the
crew moves the thrust to idle
971
00:35:53,918 --> 00:35:57,955
and doesn't adjust it again.
972
00:35:53,918 --> 00:35:57,955
and doesn't adjust it again.
973
00:35:58,022 --> 00:36:01,792
Investigators discover the
plane dropped to 100 knots,
974
00:35:58,022 --> 00:36:01,792
Investigators discover the
plane dropped to 100 knots,
975
00:36:01,859 --> 00:36:05,329
well below 130 knots,
which is the minimum speed
976
00:36:05,396 --> 00:36:08,232
to prevent a stall.
977
00:36:05,396 --> 00:36:08,232
to prevent a stall.
978
00:36:08,299 --> 00:36:12,436
So they go from way
too fast to way too slow.
979
00:36:08,299 --> 00:36:12,436
So they go from way
too fast to way too slow.
980
00:36:12,503 --> 00:36:13,938
Why would pilots reduce
981
00:36:14,005 --> 00:36:16,807
their speed so dangerously low?
982
00:36:24,148 --> 00:36:28,719
Sifting through United
Express Flight 6291's...
983
00:36:24,148 --> 00:36:28,719
Sifting through United
Express Flight 6291's...
984
00:36:28,786 --> 00:36:30,488
It's here.
985
00:36:28,786 --> 00:36:30,488
It's here.
986
00:36:30,555 --> 00:36:32,323
...the investigators
make a surprising discovery.
987
00:36:32,390 --> 00:36:34,559
They were doing all this
with the autopilot on.
988
00:36:38,396 --> 00:36:40,631
So right up until
before they crashed,
989
00:36:40,698 --> 00:36:44,602
they were using the
autopilot to help them land?
990
00:36:40,698 --> 00:36:44,602
they were using the
autopilot to help them land?
991
00:36:47,338 --> 00:36:49,307
While an
aircraft on autopilot
992
00:36:47,338 --> 00:36:49,307
While an
aircraft on autopilot
993
00:36:49,373 --> 00:36:51,576
can follow the descent
path perfectly,
994
00:36:51,642 --> 00:36:53,578
the captain still
needs to monitor
995
00:36:53,644 --> 00:36:55,379
and control the airspeed.
996
00:36:53,644 --> 00:36:55,379
and control the airspeed.
997
00:36:55,446 --> 00:36:57,982
That's why pilots almost
always land manually.
998
00:37:01,485 --> 00:37:04,488
So they move thrust
to idle, the plane
999
00:37:04,555 --> 00:37:07,858
slows down below
the safe approach
1000
00:37:04,555 --> 00:37:07,858
slows down below
the safe approach
1001
00:37:07,925 --> 00:37:12,863
speed, which makes it descend.
1002
00:37:07,925 --> 00:37:12,863
speed, which makes it descend.
1003
00:37:12,930 --> 00:37:15,866
And the autopilot
tries to climb.
1004
00:37:15,933 --> 00:37:18,469
Because Flight 6291 drops
1005
00:37:15,933 --> 00:37:18,469
Because Flight 6291 drops
1006
00:37:18,536 --> 00:37:22,306
below the prescribed descent
path, or glide slope,
1007
00:37:22,373 --> 00:37:25,776
the autopilot pitches the
nose up to regain altitude.
1008
00:37:22,373 --> 00:37:25,776
the autopilot pitches the
nose up to regain altitude.
1009
00:37:25,843 --> 00:37:31,782
But this slows the plane even
more and takes it into a stall.
1010
00:37:25,843 --> 00:37:31,782
But this slows the plane even
more and takes it into a stall.
1011
00:37:35,119 --> 00:37:36,487
Tony, what did you do?
1012
00:37:35,119 --> 00:37:36,487
Tony, what did you do?
1013
00:37:36,554 --> 00:37:38,689
I did nothing.
1014
00:37:38,756 --> 00:37:41,959
Investigators now know
the sequence of events that led
1015
00:37:42,026 --> 00:37:44,629
to the crash, but
they still don't know
1016
00:37:42,026 --> 00:37:44,629
to the crash, but
they still don't know
1017
00:37:44,695 --> 00:37:47,331
why the pilots didn't
increase their airspeed
1018
00:37:47,398 --> 00:37:50,334
to save the plane.
1019
00:37:47,398 --> 00:37:50,334
to save the plane.
1020
00:37:50,401 --> 00:37:52,036
OK, let's go.
1021
00:37:52,103 --> 00:37:53,804
The team
listens to the cockpit
1022
00:37:53,871 --> 00:37:55,539
voice recording for clues.
1023
00:37:53,871 --> 00:37:55,539
voice recording for clues.
1024
00:37:55,606 --> 00:38:01,679
United Express 6291,
reduce speed to 1-7-0 knots.
1025
00:37:55,606 --> 00:38:01,679
United Express 6291,
reduce speed to 1-7-0 knots.
1026
00:38:01,746 --> 00:38:03,681
Reduce speed to 170 knots.
1027
00:38:06,617 --> 00:38:09,587
Just as the
pilots are cleared to land,
1028
00:38:09,654 --> 00:38:12,890
investigators hear
things going wrong.
1029
00:38:09,654 --> 00:38:12,890
investigators hear
things going wrong.
1030
00:38:12,957 --> 00:38:14,558
OK, if
you have all the speeds,
1031
00:38:14,625 --> 00:38:16,727
don't worry about it anymore.
1032
00:38:16,794 --> 00:38:18,429
FIRST OFFICER (ON
TAPE): Ref is 112.
1033
00:38:16,794 --> 00:38:18,429
FIRST OFFICER (ON
TAPE): Ref is 112.
1034
00:38:18,496 --> 00:38:19,563
I got to input that.
1035
00:38:19,630 --> 00:38:20,898
I did it for you.
1036
00:38:20,965 --> 00:38:23,501
Now, there's definitely
tension in the cockpit.
1037
00:38:23,567 --> 00:38:25,002
OK, and we're marker inbound.
1038
00:38:23,567 --> 00:38:25,002
OK, and we're marker inbound.
1039
00:38:25,069 --> 00:38:26,370
Roger.
1040
00:38:26,437 --> 00:38:27,705
Don't forget to give
me my call-outs.
1041
00:38:27,772 --> 00:38:29,774
FIRST OFFICER (ON
TAPE): OK, flaps nine.
1042
00:38:29,840 --> 00:38:31,575
Geared up.
1043
00:38:29,840 --> 00:38:31,575
Geared up.
1044
00:38:31,642 --> 00:38:33,878
Flaps, nine waiting
for three green.
1045
00:38:33,944 --> 00:38:36,080
Flaps 15, landing checks.
1046
00:38:36,147 --> 00:38:37,415
FIRST OFFICER (ON
TAPE): Flaps 15,
1047
00:38:36,147 --> 00:38:37,415
FIRST OFFICER (ON
TAPE): Flaps 15,
1048
00:38:37,481 --> 00:38:41,552
landing gear down, three green.
1049
00:38:41,619 --> 00:38:42,586
Wait.
1050
00:38:41,619 --> 00:38:42,586
Wait.
1051
00:38:42,653 --> 00:38:44,655
Did anyone hear any call-outs?
1052
00:38:44,722 --> 00:38:46,490
He should have been
calling out altitudes.
1053
00:38:46,557 --> 00:38:48,059
He should have been
calling out airspeeds,
1054
00:38:48,125 --> 00:38:49,827
but he wasn't doing any of that.
1055
00:38:48,125 --> 00:38:49,827
but he wasn't doing any of that.
1056
00:38:49,894 --> 00:38:53,497
The first officer's
omission is revealing.
1057
00:38:53,564 --> 00:38:54,532
Yaw damper.
1058
00:38:53,564 --> 00:38:54,532
Yaw damper.
1059
00:38:54,598 --> 00:38:55,433
Autopilot all the way.
1060
00:38:55,499 --> 00:38:56,634
Don't touch.
1061
00:38:56,701 --> 00:38:58,736
Don't touch, holding
on the yaw damper.
1062
00:38:58,803 --> 00:39:00,604
Disconnecting the yaw damper
1063
00:38:58,803 --> 00:39:00,604
Disconnecting the yaw damper
1064
00:39:00,671 --> 00:39:02,573
would turn off the autopilot.
1065
00:39:02,640 --> 00:39:05,376
He doesn't want to
lose the autopilot.
1066
00:39:05,443 --> 00:39:08,612
This heated exchange
tells investigators the captain
1067
00:39:05,443 --> 00:39:08,612
This heated exchange
tells investigators the captain
1068
00:39:08,679 --> 00:39:11,816
has little faith in his own
skills to land manually,
1069
00:39:11,882 --> 00:39:15,119
and even less faith in his
first officer's abilities.
1070
00:39:11,882 --> 00:39:15,119
and even less faith in his
first officer's abilities.
1071
00:39:15,186 --> 00:39:17,722
The captain's comment
"yaw damper, don't touch,"
1072
00:39:17,788 --> 00:39:21,392
and the first officer
response, "don't touch,"
1073
00:39:17,788 --> 00:39:21,392
and the first officer
response, "don't touch,"
1074
00:39:21,459 --> 00:39:24,161
told us a lot about the
dynamics between the captain
1075
00:39:24,228 --> 00:39:25,763
and first officer.
1076
00:39:25,830 --> 00:39:27,898
It illustrated the tension
between the two of them
1077
00:39:27,965 --> 00:39:29,467
and the lack of trust.
1078
00:39:34,472 --> 00:39:35,506
OK, that's the stick shaker.
1079
00:39:35,573 --> 00:39:36,707
It's stalling.
1080
00:39:35,573 --> 00:39:36,707
It's stalling.
1081
00:39:36,774 --> 00:39:39,043
That only happens
when the airspeed
1082
00:39:39,110 --> 00:39:41,178
is approaching the stall speed.
1083
00:39:41,245 --> 00:39:43,714
They must take
immediate action, or
1084
00:39:41,245 --> 00:39:43,714
They must take
immediate action, or
1085
00:39:43,781 --> 00:39:45,649
the airplane will likely crash.
1086
00:39:45,716 --> 00:39:46,884
Tony, what did you do?
1087
00:39:46,951 --> 00:39:48,652
I did nothing.
1088
00:39:46,951 --> 00:39:48,652
I did nothing.
1089
00:39:48,719 --> 00:39:50,488
Rather than increase
airspeed, as he should have
1090
00:39:50,554 --> 00:39:52,990
done, the captain
wasted precious seconds
1091
00:39:53,057 --> 00:39:54,792
chastising his first officer.
1092
00:39:53,057 --> 00:39:54,792
chastising his first officer.
1093
00:39:54,859 --> 00:39:57,061
His first assumption
was that the first officer
1094
00:39:57,128 --> 00:40:00,531
had done something wrong,
which wasn't the case.
1095
00:39:57,128 --> 00:40:00,531
had done something wrong,
which wasn't the case.
1096
00:40:00,598 --> 00:40:02,166
I was dumbfounded.
1097
00:40:02,233 --> 00:40:03,601
Give me flaps up.
1098
00:40:03,667 --> 00:40:04,435
No, no, no, hold it.
1099
00:40:04,502 --> 00:40:05,536
Hold it.
1100
00:40:05,603 --> 00:40:06,604
Give me flaps up.
1101
00:40:05,603 --> 00:40:06,604
Give me flaps up.
1102
00:40:06,670 --> 00:40:10,141
Flaps up in a stall?
1103
00:40:10,207 --> 00:40:12,977
What were these guys thinking?
1104
00:40:10,207 --> 00:40:12,977
What were these guys thinking?
1105
00:40:13,043 --> 00:40:18,883
There is no training that
involves flaps up during any
1106
00:40:13,043 --> 00:40:18,883
There is no training that
involves flaps up during any
1107
00:40:18,949 --> 00:40:20,751
kind of a go-around situation.
1108
00:40:20,818 --> 00:40:23,821
With its flaps up,
the plane needs more speed
1109
00:40:23,888 --> 00:40:26,457
than usual to pull
out of a stall,
1110
00:40:23,888 --> 00:40:26,457
than usual to pull
out of a stall,
1111
00:40:26,524 --> 00:40:29,126
yet the crew doesn't notice
their airspeed is already
1112
00:40:29,193 --> 00:40:31,462
too slow.
1113
00:40:29,193 --> 00:40:31,462
too slow.
1114
00:40:31,529 --> 00:40:33,898
Up until that time,
he could have recovered.
1115
00:40:33,964 --> 00:40:36,867
But after that, he was
along for the ride.
1116
00:40:33,964 --> 00:40:36,867
But after that, he was
along for the ride.
1117
00:40:43,073 --> 00:40:46,477
It's pretty clear that the
captain did not feel he could
1118
00:40:46,544 --> 00:40:48,112
rely on the first officer.
1119
00:40:48,179 --> 00:40:51,081
It's also clear the first
officer did not diagnose
1120
00:40:48,179 --> 00:40:51,081
It's also clear the first
officer did not diagnose
1121
00:40:51,148 --> 00:40:52,516
the need for the
captain to increase
1122
00:40:52,583 --> 00:40:54,652
the airspeed as he should have.
1123
00:40:52,583 --> 00:40:54,652
the airspeed as he should have.
1124
00:40:54,718 --> 00:40:57,688
And therefore, it's
pretty clear that the team
1125
00:40:57,755 --> 00:41:00,724
of the captain and first
officer was ineffective.
1126
00:40:57,755 --> 00:41:00,724
of the captain and first
officer was ineffective.
1127
00:41:00,791 --> 00:41:02,493
Investigators wonder how
1128
00:41:02,560 --> 00:41:04,862
these pilots ended up
together in the cockpit
1129
00:41:04,929 --> 00:41:06,163
in the first place.
1130
00:41:06,230 --> 00:41:08,566
They study the pair's
professional histories
1131
00:41:08,632 --> 00:41:10,000
for answers.
1132
00:41:10,067 --> 00:41:13,537
I got the captain's records
and the first officer's.
1133
00:41:10,067 --> 00:41:13,537
I got the captain's records
and the first officer's.
1134
00:41:13,604 --> 00:41:14,972
The first
officer's airline
1135
00:41:15,039 --> 00:41:17,675
records are surprisingly thin.
1136
00:41:17,741 --> 00:41:19,777
That's it?
1137
00:41:17,741 --> 00:41:19,777
That's it?
1138
00:41:19,844 --> 00:41:22,279
This guy's totally green.
1139
00:41:22,346 --> 00:41:24,148
Hired six months
before the accident,
1140
00:41:24,215 --> 00:41:27,051
and he's only got 2.5
hours of line experience
1141
00:41:27,117 --> 00:41:30,187
on the Jetstream 4100.
1142
00:41:27,117 --> 00:41:30,187
on the Jetstream 4100.
1143
00:41:30,254 --> 00:41:35,259
The captain's records
also raise serious questions.
1144
00:41:35,326 --> 00:41:36,193
Look at this.
1145
00:41:35,326 --> 00:41:36,193
Look at this.
1146
00:41:38,996 --> 00:41:42,967
He made a habit of
failing his checkrides.
1147
00:41:38,996 --> 00:41:42,967
He made a habit of
failing his checkrides.
1148
00:41:43,033 --> 00:41:46,704
Checkrides verify a
pilot's competency and skill.
1149
00:41:50,107 --> 00:41:53,043
It's very rare that a
captain or first officer
1150
00:41:53,110 --> 00:41:54,778
will fail the checkride.
1151
00:41:53,110 --> 00:41:54,778
will fail the checkride.
1152
00:41:54,845 --> 00:41:59,650
This captain failed two check
rides within about a year.
1153
00:41:59,717 --> 00:42:02,586
Investigators then
talked to other first officers
1154
00:41:59,717 --> 00:42:02,586
Investigators then
talked to other first officers
1155
00:42:02,653 --> 00:42:05,022
who have flown with the
captain to find out more
1156
00:42:05,089 --> 00:42:07,591
about his habits when landing.
1157
00:42:05,089 --> 00:42:07,591
about his habits when landing.
1158
00:42:07,658 --> 00:42:10,961
So he usually used the
autopilot while he was landing?
1159
00:42:11,028 --> 00:42:13,797
Thank you.
1160
00:42:11,028 --> 00:42:13,797
Thank you.
1161
00:42:13,864 --> 00:42:19,136
When a pilot constantly
uses autopilot, in reality,
1162
00:42:13,864 --> 00:42:19,136
When a pilot constantly
uses autopilot, in reality,
1163
00:42:19,203 --> 00:42:22,840
he doesn't have confidence
in himself to fly approaches.
1164
00:42:22,907 --> 00:42:27,778
And pilots need to
have that confidence.
1165
00:42:22,907 --> 00:42:27,778
And pilots need to
have that confidence.
1166
00:42:27,845 --> 00:42:31,048
Investigators conclude
that United Express should not
1167
00:42:27,845 --> 00:42:31,048
Investigators conclude
that United Express should not
1168
00:42:31,115 --> 00:42:33,951
have paired a novice first
officer and a captain
1169
00:42:34,018 --> 00:42:39,056
with a history of
failures on the 4100.
1170
00:42:34,018 --> 00:42:39,056
with a history of
failures on the 4100.
1171
00:42:39,123 --> 00:42:41,325
Unfortunately, the organization
1172
00:42:41,392 --> 00:42:44,828
needed pilots to fly
the 4100 because they
1173
00:42:41,392 --> 00:42:44,828
needed pilots to fly
the 4100 because they
1174
00:42:44,895 --> 00:42:46,263
had been expanding.
1175
00:42:46,330 --> 00:42:48,866
And they chose to
pair this pair up,
1176
00:42:46,330 --> 00:42:48,866
And they chose to
pair this pair up,
1177
00:42:48,933 --> 00:42:52,369
and it wasn't a good pairing.
1178
00:42:52,436 --> 00:42:56,040
The NTSB recommends
more training to enable pilots
1179
00:42:52,436 --> 00:42:56,040
The NTSB recommends
more training to enable pilots
1180
00:42:56,106 --> 00:42:58,709
to recognize and
recover from a stall
1181
00:42:58,776 --> 00:43:03,013
and to manage high
speed approaches.
1182
00:42:58,776 --> 00:43:03,013
and to manage high
speed approaches.
1183
00:43:03,080 --> 00:43:06,750
Today, many more factors are
considered before pilots are
1184
00:43:03,080 --> 00:43:06,750
Today, many more factors are
considered before pilots are
1185
00:43:06,817 --> 00:43:08,886
placed in the cockpit together.
1186
00:43:08,953 --> 00:43:11,889
This cockpit resource
management training now
1187
00:43:11,956 --> 00:43:15,926
has moved great bounds
so that the first officer
1188
00:43:11,956 --> 00:43:15,926
has moved great bounds
so that the first officer
1189
00:43:15,993 --> 00:43:20,331
feels he can question a
decision from his captain.
1190
00:43:15,993 --> 00:43:20,331
feels he can question a
decision from his captain.
1191
00:43:20,397 --> 00:43:24,902
He can suggest solutions
to a situation,
1192
00:43:20,397 --> 00:43:24,902
He can suggest solutions
to a situation,
1193
00:43:24,969 --> 00:43:28,238
and he will be listened to.
1194
00:43:28,305 --> 00:43:29,373
We're crashing!
1195
00:43:29,440 --> 00:43:30,774
Left, left!
1196
00:43:29,440 --> 00:43:30,774
Left, left!
1197
00:43:30,841 --> 00:43:32,676
Three bad pilot pairings
1198
00:43:32,743 --> 00:43:34,311
that ended in disaster.
1199
00:43:34,378 --> 00:43:36,080
No!
1200
00:43:36,146 --> 00:43:38,816
Each a lesson for
greater scrutiny of a pilot's
1201
00:43:36,146 --> 00:43:38,816
Each a lesson for
greater scrutiny of a pilot's
1202
00:43:38,882 --> 00:43:42,052
history and the creation
of compatible partnerships
1203
00:43:42,119 --> 00:43:42,987
in the cockpit.
1204
00:43:42,119 --> 00:43:42,987
in the cockpit.
1205
00:43:45,956 --> 00:43:48,792
We put 93,000 flights in the
air over the Earth every day
1206
00:43:45,956 --> 00:43:48,792
We put 93,000 flights in the
air over the Earth every day
1207
00:43:48,859 --> 00:43:50,995
and get every one of them
back almost all the time
1208
00:43:51,061 --> 00:43:53,030
without anything
going seriously wrong.
1209
00:43:53,097 --> 00:43:56,033
And teamwork is what gets
airplanes with people
1210
00:43:53,097 --> 00:43:56,033
And teamwork is what gets
airplanes with people
1211
00:43:56,100 --> 00:43:57,267
back on the ground safely.
90469
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