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1
00:00:08,174 --> 00:00:09,909
When a plane crashes...
2
00:00:09,976 --> 00:00:12,612
What the hell?
3
00:00:09,976 --> 00:00:12,612
What the hell?
4
00:00:12,679 --> 00:00:13,980
...the
shock is profound.
5
00:00:18,351 --> 00:00:21,721
But when two planes are
found in the wreckage...
6
00:00:21,788 --> 00:00:24,257
The runway was occupied,
and that's something
7
00:00:21,788 --> 00:00:24,257
The runway was occupied,
and that's something
8
00:00:24,324 --> 00:00:25,892
that should never happen.
9
00:00:25,959 --> 00:00:29,863
...the extent of
the tragedy is multiplied.
10
00:00:29,929 --> 00:00:31,831
Oh god, Oh god!
11
00:00:29,929 --> 00:00:31,831
Oh god, Oh god!
12
00:00:36,202 --> 00:00:37,904
It's up
to investigators...
13
00:00:37,971 --> 00:00:40,840
727's wings sliced right
through the fuselage.
14
00:00:40,907 --> 00:00:42,609
...to solve
multiple mysteries.
15
00:00:40,907 --> 00:00:42,609
...to solve
multiple mysteries.
16
00:00:42,675 --> 00:00:43,543
Why would he lie?
17
00:00:46,413 --> 00:00:47,280
What's that?
18
00:00:50,884 --> 00:00:52,786
My God.
19
00:00:52,852 --> 00:00:55,455
Three collisions
raise the same question...
20
00:00:52,852 --> 00:00:55,455
Three collisions
raise the same question...
21
00:00:55,522 --> 00:00:58,658
how did two planes end
up on the same runway...
22
00:00:58,725 --> 00:00:59,659
Oh no.
23
00:00:59,726 --> 00:01:01,694
...at the same time?
24
00:00:59,726 --> 00:01:01,694
...at the same time?
25
00:01:01,761 --> 00:01:04,531
For an airplane to
be on an active runway
26
00:01:04,597 --> 00:01:07,700
when they shouldn't,
somebody did something wrong.
27
00:01:04,597 --> 00:01:07,700
when they shouldn't,
somebody did something wrong.
28
00:01:07,767 --> 00:01:09,235
Ladies and gentlemen,
29
00:01:09,302 --> 00:01:10,570
we are starting our approach.
30
00:01:10,637 --> 00:01:12,172
We lost both engines.
31
00:01:10,637 --> 00:01:12,172
We lost both engines.
32
00:01:12,238 --> 00:01:12,906
Put the mask over your nose.
33
00:01:12,972 --> 00:01:14,107
Emergency.
34
00:01:14,174 --> 00:01:15,475
Mayday, mayday.
35
00:01:15,542 --> 00:01:16,109
FLIGHT ATTENDANT (ON
PA): Brace for impact!
36
00:01:20,413 --> 00:01:21,981
He's going to crash!
37
00:01:32,292 --> 00:01:33,960
Detroit Metropolitan Airport.
38
00:01:40,166 --> 00:01:41,534
In the tower...
39
00:01:41,601 --> 00:01:43,636
Man, I don't think I've
ever seen fog this bad.
40
00:01:41,601 --> 00:01:43,636
Man, I don't think I've
ever seen fog this bad.
41
00:01:43,703 --> 00:01:45,705
...controllers
are dealing with fog that's
42
00:01:45,772 --> 00:01:48,408
blanketed the entire airport.
43
00:01:45,772 --> 00:01:48,408
blanketed the entire airport.
44
00:01:48,475 --> 00:01:52,145
It's so thick, they can't see
the planes they're guarding.
45
00:01:52,212 --> 00:01:54,180
Northwest 299, ready to taxi.
46
00:01:52,212 --> 00:01:54,180
Northwest 299, ready to taxi.
47
00:01:55,815 --> 00:01:58,518
Northwest 299, metro ground,
taxi to runway 3 center
48
00:01:58,585 --> 00:02:00,920
via Oscar 6, Fox, and X-ray.
49
00:01:58,585 --> 00:02:00,920
via Oscar 6, Fox, and X-ray.
50
00:02:00,987 --> 00:02:03,356
The ground controller
is directing Northwest
51
00:02:03,423 --> 00:02:06,125
flight 299 to the runway.
52
00:02:03,423 --> 00:02:06,125
flight 299 to the runway.
53
00:02:06,192 --> 00:02:08,862
It's a Boeing 727
bound for Memphis
54
00:02:08,928 --> 00:02:12,365
with 146 passengers on board.
55
00:02:08,928 --> 00:02:12,365
with 146 passengers on board.
56
00:02:12,432 --> 00:02:15,902
Only way they could know
where the aircraft were
57
00:02:15,969 --> 00:02:19,739
on the airport was to have
the pilots give them positions
58
00:02:15,969 --> 00:02:19,739
on the airport was to have
the pilots give them positions
59
00:02:19,806 --> 00:02:21,040
as to where they were.
60
00:02:21,107 --> 00:02:23,776
Northwest 299, what's
your position now?
61
00:02:23,843 --> 00:02:26,679
OK, we just
turned down onto X-ray 299.
62
00:02:23,843 --> 00:02:26,679
OK, we just
turned down onto X-ray 299.
63
00:02:26,746 --> 00:02:27,747
Roger.
64
00:02:27,814 --> 00:02:30,884
Switch to tower control 118.4.
65
00:02:27,814 --> 00:02:30,884
Switch to tower control 118.4.
66
00:02:30,950 --> 00:02:33,319
After reaching
the runway threshold,
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00:02:33,386 --> 00:02:37,123
control of a 727 passes
from the ground controller
68
00:02:33,386 --> 00:02:37,123
control of a 727 passes
from the ground controller
69
00:02:37,190 --> 00:02:39,292
to the tower controller.
70
00:02:39,359 --> 00:02:43,630
Northwest 299, metro
tower, runway 3 center, clear
71
00:02:39,359 --> 00:02:43,630
Northwest 299, metro
tower, runway 3 center, clear
72
00:02:43,696 --> 00:02:45,064
for takeoff.
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00:02:45,131 --> 00:02:45,999
Roger.
74
00:02:56,509 --> 00:02:57,777
80 knots.
75
00:02:57,844 --> 00:02:59,946
Suddenly, midway down the runway,
76
00:03:00,013 --> 00:03:04,918
the 727 encounters
the unexpected...
77
00:03:04,984 --> 00:03:09,756
A DC-9 with 40
passengers on board.
78
00:03:04,984 --> 00:03:09,756
A DC-9 with 40
passengers on board.
79
00:03:09,822 --> 00:03:11,157
In its cockpit...
80
00:03:11,224 --> 00:03:12,725
Oh no.
81
00:03:11,224 --> 00:03:12,725
Oh no.
82
00:03:12,792 --> 00:03:14,127
...there's
nothing the pilots
83
00:03:14,193 --> 00:03:16,996
can do to prevent a collision.
84
00:03:17,063 --> 00:03:17,797
Oh God.
85
00:03:17,864 --> 00:03:19,299
Oh God!
86
00:03:17,864 --> 00:03:19,299
Oh God!
87
00:03:25,104 --> 00:03:26,639
Northwest 299 aborting.
88
00:03:26,706 --> 00:03:28,675
There's an aircraft on the
runway, and we struck his,
89
00:03:28,741 --> 00:03:29,976
uh, right wing.
90
00:03:30,043 --> 00:03:32,412
The 727
wing has sliced
91
00:03:32,478 --> 00:03:35,815
through the DC-9's fuselage.
92
00:03:36,883 --> 00:03:39,085
Inside the DC-9, there's chaos.
93
00:03:50,396 --> 00:03:52,198
Firefighters and emergency response
94
00:03:52,265 --> 00:03:54,834
teams rush to the scene.
95
00:03:52,265 --> 00:03:54,834
teams rush to the scene.
96
00:03:54,901 --> 00:03:58,504
No one on the 727 is
injured, but the same
97
00:03:58,571 --> 00:03:59,572
is not true of the DC-9.
98
00:04:01,541 --> 00:04:02,675
The aircraft
99
00:04:02,742 --> 00:04:04,177
was virtually burned out.
100
00:04:04,243 --> 00:04:07,347
The passenger
compartment was gutted.
101
00:04:04,243 --> 00:04:07,347
The passenger
compartment was gutted.
102
00:04:07,413 --> 00:04:11,184
The pilots of the
DC-9 survive the collision,
103
00:04:11,250 --> 00:04:15,355
but eight of the 44 people
on board are killed.
104
00:04:11,250 --> 00:04:15,355
but eight of the 44 people
on board are killed.
105
00:04:15,421 --> 00:04:18,758
The DC-9 is identified as
another Northwest Airlines
106
00:04:15,421 --> 00:04:18,758
The DC-9 is identified as
another Northwest Airlines
107
00:04:18,825 --> 00:04:22,495
plane, flight 1482
bound for Pittsburgh.
108
00:04:23,896 --> 00:04:25,798
The National
Transportation Safety Board
109
00:04:23,896 --> 00:04:25,798
The National
Transportation Safety Board
110
00:04:25,865 --> 00:04:30,036
launches an investigation
into the accident.
111
00:04:25,865 --> 00:04:30,036
launches an investigation
into the accident.
112
00:04:30,103 --> 00:04:33,373
The 727's wing sliced
right through the fuselage.
113
00:04:36,009 --> 00:04:38,678
We obviously knew
what happened in a gross sense.
114
00:04:38,745 --> 00:04:40,847
Two aircraft came together and...
115
00:04:40,913 --> 00:04:43,883
and a tragic event occurred.
116
00:04:40,913 --> 00:04:43,883
and a tragic event occurred.
117
00:04:43,950 --> 00:04:46,719
How did the
DC-9 end up in the path
118
00:04:46,786 --> 00:04:50,223
of the oncoming 727?
119
00:04:46,786 --> 00:04:50,223
of the oncoming 727?
120
00:04:50,289 --> 00:04:53,393
Investigators immediately
suspect the thick fog played
121
00:04:53,459 --> 00:04:55,228
a major part in the accident.
122
00:04:53,459 --> 00:04:55,228
a major part in the accident.
123
00:04:55,294 --> 00:04:58,665
Visibility was 3/4 of a mile
an hour before the accident.
124
00:04:58,731 --> 00:05:02,568
But then it drops to a 1/4 mile.
125
00:04:58,731 --> 00:05:02,568
But then it drops to a 1/4 mile.
126
00:05:02,635 --> 00:05:05,171
1/4 mile is the minimum.
127
00:05:05,238 --> 00:05:08,274
Did the DC-9 get
lost in the fog on the way
128
00:05:05,238 --> 00:05:08,274
Did the DC-9 get
lost in the fog on the way
129
00:05:08,341 --> 00:05:11,244
to the runway?
130
00:05:11,310 --> 00:05:14,447
Visibility was at least 1/4 mile.
131
00:05:11,310 --> 00:05:14,447
Visibility was at least 1/4 mile.
132
00:05:14,514 --> 00:05:18,084
That would allow
operations to continue.
133
00:05:14,514 --> 00:05:18,084
That would allow
operations to continue.
134
00:05:18,151 --> 00:05:21,087
Before the accident, every
other aircraft that took off
135
00:05:21,154 --> 00:05:24,390
had no problem at all finding
the end of the proper runway
136
00:05:21,154 --> 00:05:24,390
had no problem at all finding
the end of the proper runway
137
00:05:24,457 --> 00:05:25,658
and departing.
138
00:05:25,725 --> 00:05:31,097
But our men in the
DC-9 didn't do this.
139
00:05:25,725 --> 00:05:31,097
But our men in the
DC-9 didn't do this.
140
00:05:31,164 --> 00:05:33,099
Why did
the DC-9 lose its
141
00:05:33,166 --> 00:05:35,101
way when other aircraft didn't?
142
00:05:39,372 --> 00:05:44,043
Investigators wonder if
ground control is at fault.
143
00:05:39,372 --> 00:05:44,043
Investigators wonder if
ground control is at fault.
144
00:05:44,110 --> 00:05:47,413
I cleared them to use,
uh, Oscar 6, foxtrot,
145
00:05:47,480 --> 00:05:49,982
and X-ray to runway 3 center.
146
00:05:47,480 --> 00:05:49,982
and X-ray to runway 3 center.
147
00:05:51,584 --> 00:05:53,486
The ground
controller tells investigators
148
00:05:53,553 --> 00:05:57,023
he gave the DC-9's crew,
First Officer Jim Schifferns
149
00:05:53,553 --> 00:05:57,023
he gave the DC-9's crew,
First Officer Jim Schifferns
150
00:05:57,090 --> 00:05:59,826
and Captain Bill Lovelace,
specific instructions
151
00:05:59,892 --> 00:06:01,828
to get to the runway.
152
00:05:59,892 --> 00:06:01,828
to get to the runway.
153
00:06:01,894 --> 00:06:04,864
Northwest 1482, taxi to Oscar 6
154
00:06:04,931 --> 00:06:07,934
to foxtrot, report making
a right turn on X-ray.
155
00:06:04,931 --> 00:06:07,934
to foxtrot, report making
a right turn on X-ray.
156
00:06:08,000 --> 00:06:10,203
Oscar 6 to foxtrot,
report X-ray.
157
00:06:12,772 --> 00:06:15,575
Beginning on taxiway Oscar 6,
158
00:06:15,641 --> 00:06:18,778
the aircraft was to take
foxtrot and then X-ray
159
00:06:15,641 --> 00:06:18,778
the aircraft was to take
foxtrot and then X-ray
160
00:06:18,845 --> 00:06:21,114
to the start of the runway.
161
00:06:21,180 --> 00:06:25,017
Northwest 1482, what's
your position now?
162
00:06:21,180 --> 00:06:25,017
Northwest 1482, what's
your position now?
163
00:06:25,084 --> 00:06:29,388
But when asked for
an update on their progress...
164
00:06:29,455 --> 00:06:32,625
We're headed eastbound
on Oscar 6 here.
165
00:06:29,455 --> 00:06:32,625
We're headed eastbound
on Oscar 6 here.
166
00:06:35,528 --> 00:06:38,564
Uh, eastbound on Oscar 6?
167
00:06:35,528 --> 00:06:38,564
Uh, eastbound on Oscar 6?
168
00:06:38,631 --> 00:06:42,502
The crew's
response didn't make sense.
169
00:06:38,631 --> 00:06:42,502
The crew's
response didn't make sense.
170
00:06:42,568 --> 00:06:45,671
They announced that they
were eastbound on Oscar
171
00:06:45,738 --> 00:06:47,607
6, which was an impossibility.
172
00:06:47,673 --> 00:06:51,744
It's a northwest-southeast
oriented taxiway.
173
00:06:47,673 --> 00:06:51,744
It's a northwest-southeast
oriented taxiway.
174
00:06:51,811 --> 00:06:55,481
OK, I think we might
have missed Oscar 6.
175
00:06:51,811 --> 00:06:55,481
OK, I think we might
have missed Oscar 6.
176
00:06:55,548 --> 00:06:57,884
I see a sign here
that says, uh...
177
00:06:57,950 --> 00:07:00,887
the arrow's to Oscar 5.
178
00:06:57,950 --> 00:07:00,887
the arrow's to Oscar 5.
179
00:07:00,953 --> 00:07:03,389
The folks in the
tower realized that the pilots
180
00:07:03,456 --> 00:07:06,058
in the dc9 were probably
becoming a little confused
181
00:07:03,456 --> 00:07:06,058
in the dc9 were probably
becoming a little confused
182
00:07:06,125 --> 00:07:07,927
about where they were.
183
00:07:07,994 --> 00:07:10,730
Instead of
remaining straight on Oscar 6,
184
00:07:10,797 --> 00:07:16,402
the aircraft turned left
and past taxiway Oscar five.
185
00:07:10,797 --> 00:07:16,402
the aircraft turned left
and past taxiway Oscar five.
186
00:07:16,469 --> 00:07:18,871
I realized they had
made a wrong turn,
187
00:07:16,469 --> 00:07:18,871
I realized they had
made a wrong turn,
188
00:07:18,938 --> 00:07:21,440
so I gave them directions
to get them back on track.
189
00:07:21,507 --> 00:07:25,711
Northwest 1482 at Oscar 4,
make the right turn onto X-ray,
190
00:07:21,507 --> 00:07:25,711
Northwest 1482 at Oscar 4,
make the right turn onto X-ray,
191
00:07:25,778 --> 00:07:27,780
report crossing 927.
192
00:07:27,847 --> 00:07:30,683
The DC-9 was then
directed to continue straight
193
00:07:27,847 --> 00:07:30,683
The DC-9 was then
directed to continue straight
194
00:07:30,750 --> 00:07:34,554
to Oscar 4, turn
right onto X-ray,
195
00:07:34,620 --> 00:07:39,959
cross inactive runway
927, and then follow X-ray
196
00:07:34,620 --> 00:07:39,959
cross inactive runway
927, and then follow X-ray
197
00:07:40,026 --> 00:07:43,529
back to the runway for takeoff.
198
00:07:40,026 --> 00:07:43,529
back to the runway for takeoff.
199
00:07:43,596 --> 00:07:44,897
Roger.
200
00:07:44,964 --> 00:07:48,301
At Oscar 4, make the
right turn onto X-ray.
201
00:07:44,964 --> 00:07:48,301
At Oscar 4, make the
right turn onto X-ray.
202
00:07:48,367 --> 00:07:51,003
The DC-9 radioed
back, OK, I understand,
203
00:07:51,070 --> 00:07:52,605
or something to that effect.
204
00:07:52,672 --> 00:07:55,241
And everybody calmed down
and thought that they had
205
00:07:52,672 --> 00:07:55,241
And everybody calmed down
and thought that they had
206
00:07:55,308 --> 00:07:57,877
straightened everything out.
207
00:07:57,944 --> 00:08:01,314
But somehow, five
minutes later, the DC-9
208
00:07:57,944 --> 00:08:01,314
But somehow, five
minutes later, the DC-9
209
00:08:01,380 --> 00:08:03,316
ended up on the active runway.
210
00:08:05,885 --> 00:08:08,154
Somebody did something wrong.
211
00:08:05,885 --> 00:08:08,154
Somebody did something wrong.
212
00:08:08,221 --> 00:08:12,225
Investigators need
to find out who and why.
213
00:08:08,221 --> 00:08:12,225
Investigators need
to find out who and why.
214
00:08:12,291 --> 00:08:13,426
We hoped we would
215
00:08:13,492 --> 00:08:15,595
find out, why did
you miss all this
216
00:08:15,661 --> 00:08:18,030
and wind up on an active runway?
217
00:08:15,661 --> 00:08:18,030
and wind up on an active runway?
218
00:08:18,097 --> 00:08:19,599
Investigators interview
219
00:08:19,665 --> 00:08:23,870
the DC-9's crew, starting
with Captain Bill Lovelace.
220
00:08:23,936 --> 00:08:26,472
The captain was kind of
a mild-mannered fellow.
221
00:08:23,936 --> 00:08:26,472
The captain was kind of
a mild-mannered fellow.
222
00:08:26,539 --> 00:08:27,740
He loved to fly.
223
00:08:27,807 --> 00:08:29,609
I wasn't familiar
with the layout
224
00:08:29,675 --> 00:08:32,311
of the taxiways and runways.
225
00:08:29,675 --> 00:08:32,311
of the taxiways and runways.
226
00:08:32,378 --> 00:08:34,113
He recently
returned to flying
227
00:08:34,180 --> 00:08:37,783
after a six-year medical
leave and was unfamiliar
228
00:08:34,180 --> 00:08:37,783
after a six-year medical
leave and was unfamiliar
229
00:08:37,850 --> 00:08:39,151
with the airport in Detroit.
230
00:08:41,687 --> 00:08:43,289
So I asked my first officer...
231
00:08:41,687 --> 00:08:43,289
So I asked my first officer...
232
00:08:45,791 --> 00:08:47,593
Where have you
been flying out of?
233
00:08:47,660 --> 00:08:49,762
Memphis and Detroit.
234
00:08:47,660 --> 00:08:49,762
Memphis and Detroit.
235
00:08:49,829 --> 00:08:51,998
Good, you can help me find
my way around these taxiways
236
00:08:52,064 --> 00:08:52,832
here in Detroit.
237
00:08:52,899 --> 00:08:54,634
I sure can.
238
00:08:52,899 --> 00:08:54,634
I sure can.
239
00:08:54,700 --> 00:08:56,602
The first officer
who bragged about his knowledge
240
00:08:56,669 --> 00:08:59,972
of the airport, that would
have enhanced the likelihood
241
00:09:00,039 --> 00:09:02,975
that the captain would have
trusted the first officer
242
00:09:03,042 --> 00:09:05,878
to help navigate in Detroit.
243
00:09:05,945 --> 00:09:08,114
I thought, great,
someone in the copilot seat
244
00:09:05,945 --> 00:09:08,114
I thought, great,
someone in the copilot seat
245
00:09:08,180 --> 00:09:09,715
who knows where he's going.
246
00:09:09,782 --> 00:09:14,854
But, uh, we still
got lost somehow.
247
00:09:09,782 --> 00:09:14,854
But, uh, we still
got lost somehow.
248
00:09:14,921 --> 00:09:17,823
The NTSB next
questions First Officer Jim
249
00:09:17,890 --> 00:09:21,127
Schifferns, a former
military pilot who joined
250
00:09:17,890 --> 00:09:21,127
Schifferns, a former
military pilot who joined
251
00:09:21,193 --> 00:09:22,728
Northwest earlier that year.
252
00:09:25,231 --> 00:09:28,634
He was a little brash,
perhaps a little cocky.
253
00:09:28,701 --> 00:09:32,738
I wouldn't say a know-it-all,
but he'd been around the horn.
254
00:09:28,701 --> 00:09:32,738
I wouldn't say a know-it-all,
but he'd been around the horn.
255
00:09:32,805 --> 00:09:35,741
Captain Lovelace
misunderstood.
256
00:09:35,808 --> 00:09:38,344
What I meant was I
knew the procedures
257
00:09:35,808 --> 00:09:38,344
What I meant was I
knew the procedures
258
00:09:38,411 --> 00:09:41,747
for pushing back from the
gate, not the physical layout
259
00:09:41,814 --> 00:09:42,648
of the airport.
260
00:09:41,814 --> 00:09:42,648
of the airport.
261
00:09:44,283 --> 00:09:45,718
Investigators conclude the first officer,
262
00:09:45,785 --> 00:09:49,188
whether deliberately or not,
misled the captain about
263
00:09:45,785 --> 00:09:49,188
whether deliberately or not,
misled the captain about
264
00:09:49,255 --> 00:09:51,724
his knowledge of the airport.
265
00:09:51,791 --> 00:09:54,627
Our DC-9 crew was
really not familiar
266
00:09:51,791 --> 00:09:54,627
Our DC-9 crew was
really not familiar
267
00:09:54,694 --> 00:09:56,195
with the Detroit Airport.
268
00:09:56,262 --> 00:09:58,664
And then you bring in
all the other things,
269
00:09:58,731 --> 00:10:01,901
like low visibility, it all
comes together to create
270
00:09:58,731 --> 00:10:01,901
like low visibility, it all
comes together to create
271
00:10:01,968 --> 00:10:04,203
a dangerous situation.
272
00:10:04,270 --> 00:10:05,972
Still, investigators wonder
273
00:10:06,038 --> 00:10:07,873
how two professional
pilots could
274
00:10:07,940 --> 00:10:10,643
become so dangerously lost.
275
00:10:10,710 --> 00:10:12,812
OK, let's see where they go.
276
00:10:10,710 --> 00:10:12,812
OK, let's see where they go.
277
00:10:12,878 --> 00:10:14,680
And let's confirm any
directional changes
278
00:10:14,747 --> 00:10:16,048
with the FDR data.
279
00:10:16,115 --> 00:10:18,150
To trace their
route, investigators
280
00:10:16,115 --> 00:10:18,150
To trace their
route, investigators
281
00:10:18,217 --> 00:10:20,453
combine the plane's
heading changes captured
282
00:10:20,519 --> 00:10:23,389
by the flight data recorder
with the conversation
283
00:10:23,456 --> 00:10:26,225
recorded in the cockpit.
284
00:10:23,456 --> 00:10:26,225
recorded in the cockpit.
285
00:10:26,292 --> 00:10:29,161
Before the plane starts
to taxi, the team
286
00:10:29,228 --> 00:10:31,931
hears something on the tape
that gets their attention.
287
00:10:29,228 --> 00:10:31,931
hears something on the tape
that gets their attention.
288
00:10:31,998 --> 00:10:34,233
I've always flown
with an ejection seat.
289
00:10:34,300 --> 00:10:35,901
I've used it twice.
290
00:10:35,968 --> 00:10:38,070
At the departure
gate, the first officer
291
00:10:35,968 --> 00:10:38,070
At the departure
gate, the first officer
292
00:10:38,137 --> 00:10:41,407
began to boast about
his military service.
293
00:10:41,474 --> 00:10:44,443
I got shot
down once over Southeast Asia.
294
00:10:41,474 --> 00:10:44,443
I got shot
down once over Southeast Asia.
295
00:10:44,510 --> 00:10:46,679
I didn't have time
to get scared.
296
00:10:46,746 --> 00:10:47,446
Ooh.
297
00:10:47,513 --> 00:10:48,914
Is that right?
298
00:10:47,513 --> 00:10:48,914
Is that right?
299
00:10:48,981 --> 00:10:51,617
And then, uh, when I
was flying T-38S one time,
300
00:10:51,684 --> 00:10:53,119
I had an engine fire.
301
00:10:53,185 --> 00:10:55,621
The tower controller said,
you are on fire, eject.
302
00:10:53,185 --> 00:10:55,621
The tower controller said,
you are on fire, eject.
303
00:10:55,688 --> 00:10:57,023
Bam!
I...
304
00:10:57,089 --> 00:10:58,457
- Wow.
- Shh.
305
00:10:58,524 --> 00:10:59,291
Wow.
306
00:11:00,559 --> 00:11:02,695
At that time in
the NTSB, a lot of us
307
00:11:02,762 --> 00:11:04,930
had military backgrounds.
308
00:11:04,997 --> 00:11:07,967
He and I were in the same
place at nearly the same time,
309
00:11:04,997 --> 00:11:07,967
He and I were in the same
place at nearly the same time,
310
00:11:08,034 --> 00:11:09,602
so my ears perked up.
311
00:11:09,668 --> 00:11:11,737
Is he some kind of war hero?
312
00:11:11,804 --> 00:11:13,839
Sounds like it.
313
00:11:11,804 --> 00:11:13,839
Sounds like it.
314
00:11:13,906 --> 00:11:16,475
To bailout or eject
out of two different airplanes,
315
00:11:16,542 --> 00:11:19,645
well, that's very rare.
316
00:11:16,542 --> 00:11:19,645
well, that's very rare.
317
00:11:19,712 --> 00:11:22,281
Investigators review
the first officer's military
318
00:11:22,348 --> 00:11:25,317
record to verify his story.
319
00:11:22,348 --> 00:11:25,317
record to verify his story.
320
00:11:25,384 --> 00:11:26,652
Check this out.
321
00:11:26,719 --> 00:11:28,154
He's clearly embellishing.
322
00:11:29,522 --> 00:11:31,624
It turns out that
he didn't bail out
323
00:11:29,522 --> 00:11:31,624
It turns out that
he didn't bail out
324
00:11:31,690 --> 00:11:34,260
of any aircraft at any time.
325
00:11:34,326 --> 00:11:37,263
We even have a phrase
for that... stolen valor.
326
00:11:34,326 --> 00:11:37,263
We even have a phrase
for that... stolen valor.
327
00:11:37,329 --> 00:11:38,731
Why would he lie?
328
00:11:38,798 --> 00:11:40,099
That's
a good question.
329
00:11:42,701 --> 00:11:45,971
The NTSB needs to
know why first officer Jim
330
00:11:46,038 --> 00:11:49,175
Schifferns lied to the captain
about his military record
331
00:11:46,038 --> 00:11:49,175
Schifferns lied to the captain
about his military record
332
00:11:49,241 --> 00:11:51,977
just minutes before
Northwest 1482
333
00:11:52,044 --> 00:11:55,448
strayed onto an active runway.
334
00:11:52,044 --> 00:11:55,448
strayed onto an active runway.
335
00:11:55,514 --> 00:11:57,516
Investigators check
his employment record
336
00:11:57,583 --> 00:11:58,417
for an answer.
337
00:12:03,055 --> 00:12:04,523
He was still on probation.
338
00:12:04,590 --> 00:12:08,194
So he needed the captain
to give him a good report.
339
00:12:04,590 --> 00:12:08,194
So he needed the captain
to give him a good report.
340
00:12:08,260 --> 00:12:11,163
I think the first
officer was bringing to impress
341
00:12:11,230 --> 00:12:13,732
the captain because
a bad mark would
342
00:12:13,799 --> 00:12:18,504
be tantamount to not getting a
career with Northwest Airlines.
343
00:12:13,799 --> 00:12:18,504
be tantamount to not getting a
career with Northwest Airlines.
344
00:12:18,571 --> 00:12:21,507
But did the first
officer's boasting influence
345
00:12:21,574 --> 00:12:25,111
decision-making in the cockpit?
346
00:12:21,574 --> 00:12:25,111
decision-making in the cockpit?
347
00:12:25,177 --> 00:12:28,747
3 center,
exit the ramp at Oscar 6.
348
00:12:28,814 --> 00:12:30,149
Did you get all that?
349
00:12:28,814 --> 00:12:30,149
Did you get all that?
350
00:12:30,216 --> 00:12:31,750
Yeah, but I'm going
to need you to have...
351
00:12:31,817 --> 00:12:34,220
Kind of wind around
here, and Oscar 6
352
00:12:34,286 --> 00:12:35,654
is going to be right
around the corner here.
353
00:12:34,286 --> 00:12:35,654
is going to be right
around the corner here.
354
00:12:35,721 --> 00:12:37,389
OK.
355
00:12:37,456 --> 00:12:40,392
The CDR reveals that,
as the plane begins to taxi,
356
00:12:40,459 --> 00:12:42,862
the dynamic in the
cockpit changed.
357
00:12:40,459 --> 00:12:42,862
the dynamic in the
cockpit changed.
358
00:12:42,928 --> 00:12:45,197
The first officer
was correct in offering
359
00:12:45,264 --> 00:12:46,499
up help to the captain.
360
00:12:46,565 --> 00:12:49,869
This is just the way
things should work.
361
00:12:46,565 --> 00:12:49,869
This is just the way
things should work.
362
00:12:49,935 --> 00:12:52,037
Uh, left turn or right turn?
363
00:12:52,104 --> 00:12:54,540
Yeah, well, this is
the inner taxiway here.
364
00:12:52,104 --> 00:12:54,540
Yeah, well, this is
the inner taxiway here.
365
00:12:54,607 --> 00:12:56,242
We're still going for Oscar 6.
366
00:12:56,308 --> 00:12:58,244
So... left turn?
367
00:12:58,310 --> 00:12:59,178
Yeah.
368
00:13:03,115 --> 00:13:04,483
The first officer was
369
00:13:04,550 --> 00:13:06,952
kind of taking on a bit
more responsibility,
370
00:13:04,550 --> 00:13:06,952
kind of taking on a bit
more responsibility,
371
00:13:07,019 --> 00:13:08,921
a bit more, a bit more.
372
00:13:08,988 --> 00:13:12,358
And then he started to
direct the taxi itself.
373
00:13:08,988 --> 00:13:12,358
And then he started to
direct the taxi itself.
374
00:13:12,424 --> 00:13:14,527
Seems like the first
officer is calling the shots.
375
00:13:16,996 --> 00:13:19,565
We're
headed eastbound on Oscar 6
376
00:13:16,996 --> 00:13:19,565
We're
headed eastbound on Oscar 6
377
00:13:19,632 --> 00:13:21,267
here.
378
00:13:21,333 --> 00:13:25,104
Just as the controller said,
you can't go east on Oscar 6.
379
00:13:21,333 --> 00:13:25,104
Just as the controller said,
you can't go east on Oscar 6.
380
00:13:25,171 --> 00:13:29,074
Oscar 6 runs north-south.
381
00:13:29,141 --> 00:13:33,412
Northwest 1482, at Oscar 4
take the right turn on X-ray,
382
00:13:29,141 --> 00:13:33,412
Northwest 1482, at Oscar 4
take the right turn on X-ray,
383
00:13:33,479 --> 00:13:35,748
report crossing 927.
384
00:13:33,479 --> 00:13:35,748
report crossing 927.
385
00:13:35,814 --> 00:13:38,184
As their
predicament worsened...
386
00:13:38,250 --> 00:13:41,253
So what do we do here.
387
00:13:38,250 --> 00:13:41,253
So what do we do here.
388
00:13:41,320 --> 00:13:43,756
You make the right turn
and report crossing 27.
389
00:13:46,825 --> 00:13:48,928
The captain
became completely reliant on
390
00:13:46,825 --> 00:13:48,928
The captain
became completely reliant on
391
00:13:48,994 --> 00:13:50,696
the first officer's guidance.
392
00:13:50,763 --> 00:13:53,666
This role reversal
was pretty total.
393
00:13:50,763 --> 00:13:53,666
This role reversal
was pretty total.
394
00:13:53,732 --> 00:13:55,534
There's Oscar 4.
395
00:13:55,601 --> 00:13:59,038
And this is X-ray.
396
00:13:59,104 --> 00:14:03,008
OK, so the last
instruction was at Oscar 4,
397
00:13:59,104 --> 00:14:03,008
OK, so the last
instruction was at Oscar 4,
398
00:14:03,075 --> 00:14:05,177
turn right onto X-ray.
399
00:14:08,314 --> 00:14:09,782
Right over here then.
400
00:14:09,848 --> 00:14:11,617
Yeah, that way.
401
00:14:09,848 --> 00:14:11,617
Yeah, that way.
402
00:14:11,684 --> 00:14:15,554
I think we... we're
on X-ray here now.
403
00:14:15,621 --> 00:14:18,290
There is no way
they're on X-ray.
404
00:14:15,621 --> 00:14:18,290
There is no way
they're on X-ray.
405
00:14:18,357 --> 00:14:20,459
They never make
it on to X-ray.
406
00:14:20,526 --> 00:14:22,027
The captain
suddenly realized
407
00:14:22,094 --> 00:14:25,297
they missed the taxiway
and were now on a runway.
408
00:14:22,094 --> 00:14:25,297
they missed the taxiway
and were now on a runway.
409
00:14:25,364 --> 00:14:27,633
What runway is this?
410
00:14:27,700 --> 00:14:30,636
Turn left over there.
411
00:14:27,700 --> 00:14:30,636
Turn left over there.
412
00:14:30,703 --> 00:14:34,373
No, wait, wait,
that's a runway too.
413
00:14:34,440 --> 00:14:37,343
They are totally disoriented.
414
00:14:34,440 --> 00:14:37,343
They are totally disoriented.
415
00:14:37,409 --> 00:14:39,078
Tell them
we're out here, we're stuck.
416
00:14:39,144 --> 00:14:43,482
We can't see anything, but
I believe we're on a runway.
417
00:14:39,144 --> 00:14:43,482
We can't see anything, but
I believe we're on a runway.
418
00:14:43,549 --> 00:14:47,953
Somehow, they've made it here.
419
00:14:43,549 --> 00:14:47,953
Somehow, they've made it here.
420
00:14:48,020 --> 00:14:49,488
And we've got
two planes facing
421
00:14:49,555 --> 00:14:51,223
each other on the same runway.
422
00:14:54,226 --> 00:14:58,264
But there's signs and surface
markings all along here.
423
00:14:58,330 --> 00:15:00,599
I don't get it.
424
00:14:58,330 --> 00:15:00,599
I don't get it.
425
00:15:00,666 --> 00:15:02,568
When an aircraft
gets lost on the airfield,
426
00:15:02,635 --> 00:15:05,537
usually, the pilots will spot
signs or something like that,
427
00:15:02,635 --> 00:15:05,537
usually, the pilots will spot
signs or something like that,
428
00:15:05,604 --> 00:15:08,240
help clarify the position in
the controller's mind of where
429
00:15:08,307 --> 00:15:10,943
the aircraft is exactly.
430
00:15:11,010 --> 00:15:13,312
Investigators are baffled.
431
00:15:11,010 --> 00:15:13,312
Investigators are baffled.
432
00:15:13,379 --> 00:15:16,682
Why didn't the airport signs
and runway markings prevent
433
00:15:16,749 --> 00:15:18,284
the pilots from getting lost?
434
00:15:16,749 --> 00:15:18,284
the pilots from getting lost?
435
00:15:21,754 --> 00:15:24,390
To better understand
what happened...
436
00:15:21,754 --> 00:15:24,390
To better understand
what happened...
437
00:15:24,456 --> 00:15:25,858
Let's do this.
438
00:15:25,924 --> 00:15:27,259
...investigators
retrace their route.
439
00:15:30,095 --> 00:15:31,997
The only way to
fix this in our minds
440
00:15:32,064 --> 00:15:35,401
was to perform what we
call a taxi demonstration.
441
00:15:32,064 --> 00:15:35,401
was to perform what we
call a taxi demonstration.
442
00:15:35,467 --> 00:15:36,702
Wow.
443
00:15:36,769 --> 00:15:37,836
Will you look at that?
444
00:15:41,807 --> 00:15:43,976
The team discovers
that the yellow taxi
445
00:15:44,043 --> 00:15:47,212
markings were badly faded.
446
00:15:44,043 --> 00:15:47,212
markings were badly faded.
447
00:15:47,279 --> 00:15:51,150
I can barely see
it on a bright day.
448
00:15:51,216 --> 00:15:53,485
It was
obvious that if we
449
00:15:51,216 --> 00:15:53,485
It was
obvious that if we
450
00:15:53,552 --> 00:15:56,889
got confused in broad
daylight with no fog,
451
00:15:56,955 --> 00:16:01,226
perfect visibility, that the
issue was more acute when
452
00:15:56,955 --> 00:16:01,226
perfect visibility, that the
issue was more acute when
453
00:16:01,293 --> 00:16:04,063
you could barely see your
hand in front of your face
454
00:16:04,129 --> 00:16:05,264
out there.
455
00:16:04,129 --> 00:16:05,264
out there.
456
00:16:11,870 --> 00:16:15,074
Investigators continue
to the Oscar 4 intersection
457
00:16:15,140 --> 00:16:18,143
where the DC-9 failed to
make the critical right turn.
458
00:16:15,140 --> 00:16:18,143
where the DC-9 failed to
make the critical right turn.
459
00:16:21,347 --> 00:16:23,015
So which way is
the Oscar 4 sign
460
00:16:23,082 --> 00:16:25,184
pointing, right
or straight ahead?
461
00:16:23,082 --> 00:16:25,184
pointing, right
or straight ahead?
462
00:16:33,225 --> 00:16:35,794
They discover that
the signage at the intersection
463
00:16:33,225 --> 00:16:35,794
They discover that
the signage at the intersection
464
00:16:35,861 --> 00:16:37,863
is confusing.
465
00:16:37,930 --> 00:16:40,933
The only way for pilots to
really be certain of where they
466
00:16:40,999 --> 00:16:44,103
are is to have
unmistakable signs
467
00:16:40,999 --> 00:16:44,103
are is to have
unmistakable signs
468
00:16:44,169 --> 00:16:47,373
that offer pilots
clear and readily
469
00:16:44,169 --> 00:16:47,373
that offer pilots
clear and readily
470
00:16:47,439 --> 00:16:49,274
interpretable information.
471
00:16:49,341 --> 00:16:51,944
Investigators finally
think they know what happened
472
00:16:52,010 --> 00:16:54,046
on the day of the collision.
473
00:16:52,010 --> 00:16:54,046
on the day of the collision.
474
00:16:54,113 --> 00:16:56,115
Now, what runway is this?
475
00:16:56,181 --> 00:16:59,385
This is a runway.
476
00:16:56,181 --> 00:16:59,385
This is a runway.
477
00:16:59,451 --> 00:17:02,321
A dysfunctional
and disoriented DC-9 crew
478
00:17:02,388 --> 00:17:05,491
mistakenly taxied
onto an active runway,
479
00:17:02,388 --> 00:17:05,491
mistakenly taxied
onto an active runway,
480
00:17:05,557 --> 00:17:09,528
at the same time as the Boeing
727 was cleared for takeoff.
481
00:17:19,872 --> 00:17:22,641
80 knots.
482
00:17:22,708 --> 00:17:25,344
Oh no.
483
00:17:22,708 --> 00:17:25,344
Oh no.
484
00:17:25,411 --> 00:17:27,112
Oh god, oh god!
485
00:17:34,586 --> 00:17:36,688
In the
aftermath of the crash,
486
00:17:34,586 --> 00:17:36,688
In the
aftermath of the crash,
487
00:17:36,755 --> 00:17:39,992
Detroit Metropolitan
Airport improved signage
488
00:17:40,058 --> 00:17:42,828
and now uses highly
visible reflective paint
489
00:17:40,058 --> 00:17:42,828
and now uses highly
visible reflective paint
490
00:17:42,895 --> 00:17:45,531
for all airfield markings.
491
00:17:45,597 --> 00:17:48,000
Ground radar
with audible and aural warnings,
492
00:17:45,597 --> 00:17:48,000
Ground radar
with audible and aural warnings,
493
00:17:48,066 --> 00:17:51,336
as well, to tell controllers
of an impending collision
494
00:17:51,403 --> 00:17:55,140
is in place at most major
airports at this point in time.
495
00:17:51,403 --> 00:17:55,140
is in place at most major
airports at this point in time.
496
00:17:55,207 --> 00:17:57,743
That's gone a long ways to
preventing actual collisions
497
00:17:57,810 --> 00:17:58,744
from happening.
498
00:18:01,213 --> 00:18:03,215
The high
volume of daily traffic
499
00:18:03,282 --> 00:18:07,286
poses a constant challenge for
both pilots and controllers.
500
00:18:03,282 --> 00:18:07,286
poses a constant challenge for
both pilots and controllers.
501
00:18:07,352 --> 00:18:11,723
It can become overwhelming,
with devastating consequences.
502
00:18:07,352 --> 00:18:11,723
It can become overwhelming,
with devastating consequences.
503
00:18:13,225 --> 00:18:17,696
It's just before sunset
on America's West Coast.
504
00:18:13,225 --> 00:18:17,696
It's just before sunset
on America's West Coast.
505
00:18:17,763 --> 00:18:21,600
US air Flight 1493 out of
Columbus, Ohio, cruises
506
00:18:21,667 --> 00:18:25,771
toward Los Angeles
International Airport.
507
00:18:21,667 --> 00:18:25,771
toward Los Angeles
International Airport.
508
00:18:25,838 --> 00:18:32,878
There are 89 passengers and six
crew on board the Boeing 737.
509
00:18:25,838 --> 00:18:32,878
There are 89 passengers and six
crew on board the Boeing 737.
510
00:18:32,945 --> 00:18:35,013
Just confirm the
visual approach
511
00:18:35,080 --> 00:18:39,251
for US Air 1493 is 24-Left.
512
00:18:35,080 --> 00:18:39,251
for US Air 1493 is 24-Left.
513
00:18:39,318 --> 00:18:42,321
That's correct, US Air 1493.
514
00:18:39,318 --> 00:18:42,321
That's correct, US Air 1493.
515
00:18:42,387 --> 00:18:45,190
48-year-old
Captain Colin Shaw has logged
516
00:18:45,257 --> 00:18:48,060
more than 16,000 flying hours.
517
00:18:45,257 --> 00:18:48,060
more than 16,000 flying hours.
518
00:18:48,126 --> 00:18:51,930
First Officer David Kelly
is 32 with 4,300 hours
519
00:18:51,997 --> 00:18:53,532
of flying experience.
520
00:18:51,997 --> 00:18:53,532
of flying experience.
521
00:18:58,003 --> 00:19:01,406
In the control tower...
522
00:18:58,003 --> 00:19:01,406
In the control tower...
523
00:19:01,473 --> 00:19:05,310
246 heading 270, contact
Los Angeles departure.
524
00:19:01,473 --> 00:19:05,310
246 heading 270, contact
Los Angeles departure.
525
00:19:05,377 --> 00:19:06,812
Goodnight.
526
00:19:06,879 --> 00:19:09,214
...Robin Wascher
is handling two runways,
527
00:19:09,281 --> 00:19:11,650
including runway 24 left.
528
00:19:09,281 --> 00:19:11,650
including runway 24 left.
529
00:19:11,717 --> 00:19:13,952
Like all controllers,
she uses flight
530
00:19:14,019 --> 00:19:18,457
strips to keep track of all
planes arriving and departing.
531
00:19:14,019 --> 00:19:18,457
strips to keep track of all
planes arriving and departing.
532
00:19:18,524 --> 00:19:22,427
SkyWest 569, taxi into
position, hold runway 24 left.
533
00:19:22,494 --> 00:19:24,630
Traffic will cross downfield.
534
00:19:22,494 --> 00:19:24,630
Traffic will cross downfield.
535
00:19:24,696 --> 00:19:27,232
Roger.
536
00:19:27,299 --> 00:19:29,434
Eight miles
from LAX, the pilots
537
00:19:27,299 --> 00:19:29,434
Eight miles
from LAX, the pilots
538
00:19:29,501 --> 00:19:32,704
radio for landing instructions.
539
00:19:32,771 --> 00:19:37,776
US Air 1493, inside Roman.
540
00:19:32,771 --> 00:19:37,776
US Air 1493, inside Roman.
541
00:19:37,843 --> 00:19:41,146
But there's no response.
542
00:19:41,213 --> 00:19:43,582
Wascher is busy with other
planes on the ground.
543
00:19:46,151 --> 00:19:49,454
Sundance 518, taxi
across Runway 24-Left.
544
00:19:46,151 --> 00:19:49,454
Sundance 518, taxi
across Runway 24-Left.
545
00:19:49,521 --> 00:19:52,024
Contact ground 0.65 when
you're off the runway.
546
00:19:55,627 --> 00:19:58,230
Flight 1493
can't land until it
547
00:19:58,297 --> 00:19:59,831
receives Wascher's clearance.
548
00:19:58,297 --> 00:19:59,831
receives Wascher's clearance.
549
00:19:59,898 --> 00:20:04,436
US Air 1493 for the
left side, 24-Left.
550
00:20:04,503 --> 00:20:08,473
The 737 is only
one minute from the runway.
551
00:20:04,503 --> 00:20:08,473
The 737 is only
one minute from the runway.
552
00:20:08,540 --> 00:20:16,014
Out of 1,000 feet.
553
00:20:08,540 --> 00:20:16,014
Out of 1,000 feet.
554
00:20:16,081 --> 00:20:17,649
Thank you, US Air 1493.
555
00:20:16,081 --> 00:20:17,649
Thank you, US Air 1493.
556
00:20:17,716 --> 00:20:20,018
You're cleared to land, 24-Left.
557
00:20:20,085 --> 00:20:24,489
Cleared to land,
24-Left, 1493.
558
00:20:20,085 --> 00:20:24,489
Cleared to land,
24-Left, 1493.
559
00:20:24,556 --> 00:20:25,591
Looks real good.
560
00:20:35,734 --> 00:20:36,568
What the hell!
561
00:20:43,475 --> 00:20:46,345
US Air 1493
bursts into flames
562
00:20:46,411 --> 00:20:49,581
upon landing at LAX.
563
00:20:46,411 --> 00:20:49,581
upon landing at LAX.
564
00:20:49,648 --> 00:20:53,485
It skids across the
tarmac and slams
565
00:20:49,648 --> 00:20:53,485
It skids across the
tarmac and slams
566
00:20:53,552 --> 00:20:54,820
into an abandoned building.
567
00:21:05,197 --> 00:21:08,033
Firefighters hurry to the scene.
568
00:21:08,100 --> 00:21:10,335
20 people on the fly are dead.
569
00:21:10,402 --> 00:21:12,371
Two more will succumb
to their injuries
570
00:21:10,402 --> 00:21:12,371
Two more will succumb
to their injuries
571
00:21:12,437 --> 00:21:13,438
in the days that follow.
572
00:21:16,975 --> 00:21:22,748
As rescue efforts continue,
a shocking discovery is made.
573
00:21:22,814 --> 00:21:25,250
Firefighters pull a
propeller from the wreckage.
574
00:21:22,814 --> 00:21:25,250
Firefighters pull a
propeller from the wreckage.
575
00:21:28,053 --> 00:21:29,788
As soon as we
found out that information,
576
00:21:28,053 --> 00:21:29,788
As soon as we
found out that information,
577
00:21:29,855 --> 00:21:34,092
we started actively looking
to see what aircraft, if any,
578
00:21:34,159 --> 00:21:35,427
were missing.
579
00:21:34,159 --> 00:21:35,427
were missing.
580
00:21:35,494 --> 00:21:37,195
So we started looking
at the flight strips
581
00:21:37,262 --> 00:21:39,398
that were already departed.
582
00:21:39,464 --> 00:21:41,867
And then we looked at the
ones that were still pending.
583
00:21:39,464 --> 00:21:41,867
And then we looked at the
ones that were still pending.
584
00:21:41,933 --> 00:21:44,670
Uh, what about SkyWest 569?
585
00:21:44,736 --> 00:21:46,605
No, we
haven't heard from them.
586
00:21:49,007 --> 00:21:53,111
SkyWest 569, a
19-seat twin engine plane
587
00:21:49,007 --> 00:21:53,111
SkyWest 569, a
19-seat twin engine plane
588
00:21:53,178 --> 00:21:55,580
bound for Palmdale,
California, isn't
589
00:21:55,647 --> 00:21:58,817
responding to radio calls.
590
00:21:58,884 --> 00:22:01,987
Emergency crews eventually
find the wrecked commuter plane
591
00:21:58,884 --> 00:22:01,987
Emergency crews eventually
find the wrecked commuter plane
592
00:22:02,054 --> 00:22:06,825
beneath the 737.
593
00:22:02,054 --> 00:22:06,825
beneath the 737.
594
00:22:06,892 --> 00:22:10,629
It was a horrific scene.
595
00:22:10,696 --> 00:22:13,098
The front end of
the airplane was
596
00:22:10,696 --> 00:22:13,098
The front end of
the airplane was
597
00:22:13,165 --> 00:22:15,000
impaled against the building.
598
00:22:15,067 --> 00:22:18,670
We could see parts of
another aircraft underneath.
599
00:22:15,067 --> 00:22:18,670
We could see parts of
another aircraft underneath.
600
00:22:18,737 --> 00:22:22,274
There were
12 people on board.
601
00:22:22,340 --> 00:22:26,678
Rescuers find no survivors.
602
00:22:22,340 --> 00:22:26,678
Rescuers find no survivors.
603
00:22:26,745 --> 00:22:29,414
The National Transportation
Safety Board dispatches
604
00:22:26,745 --> 00:22:29,414
The National Transportation
Safety Board dispatches
605
00:22:29,481 --> 00:22:32,651
a team of investigators to LAX.
606
00:22:32,718 --> 00:22:34,853
The scenario of the accident
607
00:22:34,920 --> 00:22:40,125
resulted in two planes being
on the runway at the same time.
608
00:22:40,192 --> 00:22:42,294
The runway was occupied.
609
00:22:40,192 --> 00:22:42,294
The runway was occupied.
610
00:22:42,360 --> 00:22:45,197
And that's something that
should never happen when
611
00:22:45,263 --> 00:22:48,166
a landing clearance is granted.
612
00:22:45,263 --> 00:22:48,166
a landing clearance is granted.
613
00:22:48,233 --> 00:22:50,035
Which one of these planes
was cleared for 24-Left?
614
00:22:53,238 --> 00:22:55,807
Recordings of Robin
Wascher's communications in the
615
00:22:55,874 --> 00:22:58,910
tower might provide an answer.
616
00:22:55,874 --> 00:22:58,910
tower might provide an answer.
617
00:22:58,977 --> 00:23:02,814
SkyWest 569, taxi up and
hold short of Runway 24-Left.
618
00:23:02,881 --> 00:23:05,317
Roger, hold short.
619
00:23:02,881 --> 00:23:05,317
Roger, hold short.
620
00:23:05,383 --> 00:23:07,753
Moments before
the accident, Wascher
621
00:23:07,819 --> 00:23:10,455
was prepping the SkyWest
commuter plane for takeoff.
622
00:23:10,522 --> 00:23:11,990
46, affirmative.
623
00:23:10,522 --> 00:23:11,990
46, affirmative.
624
00:23:12,057 --> 00:23:14,359
SkyWest 569,
taxi into position
625
00:23:14,426 --> 00:23:16,595
and hold Runway 24-Left.
626
00:23:16,661 --> 00:23:20,132
Traffic will be
crossing downfield.
627
00:23:16,661 --> 00:23:20,132
Traffic will be
crossing downfield.
628
00:23:20,198 --> 00:23:22,834
The pilots, as
instructed, taxied to takeoff
629
00:23:22,901 --> 00:23:25,771
position and stopped
so that Wascher could
630
00:23:22,901 --> 00:23:25,771
position and stopped
so that Wascher could
631
00:23:25,837 --> 00:23:28,673
clear a third aircraft to taxi
across the runway in front
632
00:23:28,740 --> 00:23:30,408
of them.
633
00:23:28,740 --> 00:23:30,408
of them.
634
00:23:30,475 --> 00:23:33,512
OK, 24-Left,
position and hold, SkyWest 569.
635
00:23:33,578 --> 00:23:37,349
OK, stop right there.
636
00:23:33,578 --> 00:23:37,349
OK, stop right there.
637
00:23:37,415 --> 00:23:42,387
SkyWest 569
followed Wascher's directions.
638
00:23:37,415 --> 00:23:42,387
SkyWest 569
followed Wascher's directions.
639
00:23:42,454 --> 00:23:45,590
All right, let's keep going.
640
00:23:45,657 --> 00:23:47,025
ROBIN WASCHER (ON
RADIO): Wings West 5006,
641
00:23:45,657 --> 00:23:47,025
ROBIN WASCHER (ON
RADIO): Wings West 5006,
642
00:23:47,092 --> 00:23:48,727
taxi cross Runway 24-Left.
643
00:23:48,794 --> 00:23:50,395
Next, Wascher instructs
644
00:23:50,462 --> 00:23:55,534
the plane in front of SkyWest
569 to cross the runway.
645
00:23:50,462 --> 00:23:55,534
the plane in front of SkyWest
569 to cross the runway.
646
00:23:55,600 --> 00:23:58,804
Wings West 5006, taxi
across runway 24-Left.
647
00:24:01,339 --> 00:24:04,609
But there's no
response from that plane.
648
00:24:04,676 --> 00:24:07,012
Wings West 5006, grou...
649
00:24:04,676 --> 00:24:07,012
Wings West 5006, grou...
650
00:24:07,078 --> 00:24:08,914
tower.
651
00:24:08,980 --> 00:24:10,749
It takes nearly
a minute for Wascher
652
00:24:10,816 --> 00:24:12,417
to reestablish radio contact.
653
00:24:10,816 --> 00:24:12,417
to reestablish radio contact.
654
00:24:15,020 --> 00:24:17,956
Wings West
5006 on frequency again.
655
00:24:15,020 --> 00:24:17,956
Wings West
5006 on frequency again.
656
00:24:18,023 --> 00:24:18,723
Changed radios.
657
00:24:18,790 --> 00:24:20,826
Sorry about that.
658
00:24:20,892 --> 00:24:25,363
They advised her
they had inadvertently
659
00:24:20,892 --> 00:24:25,363
They advised her
they had inadvertently
660
00:24:25,430 --> 00:24:27,065
been on another frequency.
661
00:24:27,132 --> 00:24:29,267
5006, you're back with me.
662
00:24:27,132 --> 00:24:29,267
5006, you're back with me.
663
00:24:29,334 --> 00:24:31,303
Yeah, we
didn't mean to switch radios.
664
00:24:31,369 --> 00:24:32,938
We're on now.
665
00:24:33,004 --> 00:24:36,641
And that created a distraction
for the local controller.
666
00:24:33,004 --> 00:24:36,641
And that created a distraction
for the local controller.
667
00:24:36,708 --> 00:24:38,376
And that's
when US Air Flight
668
00:24:38,443 --> 00:24:41,713
1493, still a minute
from touchdown,
669
00:24:38,443 --> 00:24:41,713
1493, still a minute
from touchdown,
670
00:24:41,780 --> 00:24:43,982
requests clearance to land.
671
00:24:44,049 --> 00:24:49,821
US Air 1493 for the
left side, 24-Left.
672
00:24:44,049 --> 00:24:49,821
US Air 1493 for the
left side, 24-Left.
673
00:24:49,888 --> 00:24:51,389
Thank you, US Air 1493.
674
00:24:51,456 --> 00:24:54,259
You're cleared to land, 24-Left.
675
00:24:51,456 --> 00:24:54,259
You're cleared to land, 24-Left.
676
00:24:54,326 --> 00:24:56,228
US Air 1493 was cleared
677
00:24:56,294 --> 00:24:58,463
to land on the same
runway during the time
678
00:24:58,530 --> 00:25:01,733
that SkyWest 569 was
still sitting in position
679
00:24:58,530 --> 00:25:01,733
that SkyWest 569 was
still sitting in position
680
00:25:01,800 --> 00:25:04,302
on that same runway.
681
00:25:04,369 --> 00:25:08,440
Cleared to land,
24-Left, 1493.
682
00:25:04,369 --> 00:25:08,440
Cleared to land,
24-Left, 1493.
683
00:25:08,506 --> 00:25:13,278
It's a mistake
that cost 34 lives.
684
00:25:08,506 --> 00:25:13,278
It's a mistake
that cost 34 lives.
685
00:25:13,345 --> 00:25:15,714
The team now needs to
find out from Robin
686
00:25:15,780 --> 00:25:19,484
Wascher what went wrong.
687
00:25:15,780 --> 00:25:19,484
Wascher what went wrong.
688
00:25:19,551 --> 00:25:22,487
I couldn't find the
flight progress strip.
689
00:25:22,554 --> 00:25:26,191
Wascher explains
that, as SkyWest 569 waited
690
00:25:22,554 --> 00:25:26,191
Wascher explains
that, as SkyWest 569 waited
691
00:25:26,258 --> 00:25:28,360
on the runway for
permission to take off,
692
00:25:28,426 --> 00:25:30,495
she was distracted
by a third plane
693
00:25:28,426 --> 00:25:30,495
she was distracted
by a third plane
694
00:25:30,562 --> 00:25:33,331
requesting clearance to depart.
695
00:25:33,398 --> 00:25:39,037
Tower, Wings
West 5072 is ready for takeoff.
696
00:25:33,398 --> 00:25:39,037
Tower, Wings
West 5072 is ready for takeoff.
697
00:25:39,104 --> 00:25:44,643
Wings West 5072?
698
00:25:39,104 --> 00:25:44,643
Wings West 5072?
699
00:25:44,709 --> 00:25:47,712
I need a strip for
Wings West 5072.
700
00:25:44,709 --> 00:25:47,712
I need a strip for
Wings West 5072.
701
00:25:47,779 --> 00:25:51,516
I couldn't find the strip, so I
asked my supervisor to help me.
702
00:25:51,583 --> 00:25:55,086
While Wascher looked
for the strip for Flight 5072,
703
00:25:51,583 --> 00:25:55,086
While Wascher looked
for the strip for Flight 5072,
704
00:25:55,153 --> 00:25:59,691
she forgot she had already moved
Sky West 569 onto the runway.
705
00:25:55,153 --> 00:25:59,691
she forgot she had already moved
Sky West 569 onto the runway.
706
00:25:59,758 --> 00:26:02,627
US Air
1493 for the left side.
707
00:26:02,694 --> 00:26:06,031
And then she
cleared Flight 1493 to land.
708
00:26:02,694 --> 00:26:06,031
And then she
cleared Flight 1493 to land.
709
00:26:06,097 --> 00:26:07,632
Thank you, US Air 1493.
710
00:26:07,699 --> 00:26:08,833
You're cleared to land, 24-Left.
711
00:26:13,305 --> 00:26:14,172
What the hell!
712
00:26:30,989 --> 00:26:35,093
This is a situation that no
controller wants to go through.
713
00:26:30,989 --> 00:26:35,093
This is a situation that no
controller wants to go through.
714
00:26:35,160 --> 00:26:39,130
You train your whole career
for this not to happen.
715
00:26:42,834 --> 00:26:45,704
But the NTSB isn't
ready to close the case
716
00:26:45,770 --> 00:26:48,306
of the LAX collision yet.
717
00:26:45,770 --> 00:26:48,306
of the LAX collision yet.
718
00:26:48,373 --> 00:26:50,842
Anytime that you do an investigation,
719
00:26:50,909 --> 00:26:54,112
it's easy to point the
blame at one individual.
720
00:26:50,909 --> 00:26:54,112
it's easy to point the
blame at one individual.
721
00:26:54,179 --> 00:26:58,550
What you want to do is to
say, why did this occur,
722
00:26:58,616 --> 00:27:01,252
and what can we do to
prevent a reoccurrence?
723
00:26:58,616 --> 00:27:01,252
and what can we do to
prevent a reoccurrence?
724
00:27:03,188 --> 00:27:06,424
Documents provided
by lax air traffic controllers
725
00:27:03,188 --> 00:27:06,424
Documents provided
by lax air traffic controllers
726
00:27:06,491 --> 00:27:09,527
have revealed that the tower
was understaffed in the months
727
00:27:09,594 --> 00:27:16,267
before the deadly collision
on Runway 24-Left,
728
00:27:09,594 --> 00:27:16,267
before the deadly collision
on Runway 24-Left,
729
00:27:16,334 --> 00:27:18,269
and that some
sections of the runway
730
00:27:16,334 --> 00:27:18,269
and that some
sections of the runway
731
00:27:18,336 --> 00:27:20,372
are invisible to controllers.
732
00:27:25,010 --> 00:27:26,511
We went up in the tower
733
00:27:26,578 --> 00:27:28,747
and asked the air
traffic controllers
734
00:27:28,813 --> 00:27:31,149
to step aside while
we sat in their chairs
735
00:27:28,813 --> 00:27:31,149
to step aside while
we sat in their chairs
736
00:27:31,216 --> 00:27:34,119
and looked out the window.
737
00:27:34,185 --> 00:27:38,123
The view that the air traffic
controller was presented with
738
00:27:34,185 --> 00:27:38,123
The view that the air traffic
controller was presented with
739
00:27:38,189 --> 00:27:45,263
had an obstruction, a light
pole that produced a glare.
740
00:27:38,189 --> 00:27:45,263
had an obstruction, a light
pole that produced a glare.
741
00:27:50,101 --> 00:27:53,271
The investigation
also discovers that ground radar
742
00:27:50,101 --> 00:27:53,271
The investigation
also discovers that ground radar
743
00:27:53,338 --> 00:27:56,307
systems used to track
planes while taxiing
744
00:27:56,374 --> 00:27:59,110
weren't operational on
the day of the accident.
745
00:27:56,374 --> 00:27:59,110
weren't operational on
the day of the accident.
746
00:27:59,177 --> 00:27:59,978
You're holding short.
747
00:28:00,045 --> 00:28:01,513
Is that correct, sir?
748
00:28:01,579 --> 00:28:03,281
Yes, ma'am, we're holding short.
749
00:28:03,348 --> 00:28:07,652
It was in constant out
of service, in service,
750
00:28:03,348 --> 00:28:07,652
It was in constant out
of service, in service,
751
00:28:07,719 --> 00:28:11,423
out of service, in service,
and gave the management
752
00:28:07,719 --> 00:28:11,423
out of service, in service,
and gave the management
753
00:28:11,489 --> 00:28:13,224
a lot of trouble.
754
00:28:13,291 --> 00:28:16,327
Los Angeles airport has always
been known as one of the number
755
00:28:16,394 --> 00:28:19,164
one runway incursion
airports in the system.
756
00:28:16,394 --> 00:28:19,164
one runway incursion
airports in the system.
757
00:28:19,230 --> 00:28:21,733
And changes were overdue.
758
00:28:26,237 --> 00:28:28,840
In the months and
years following the accident,
759
00:28:28,907 --> 00:28:31,976
improvements were made to air
traffic facilities to make
760
00:28:32,043 --> 00:28:34,479
the airport a safer place.
761
00:28:34,546 --> 00:28:36,281
The equipment
we're using at Los Angeles
762
00:28:34,546 --> 00:28:36,281
The equipment
we're using at Los Angeles
763
00:28:36,347 --> 00:28:38,183
tower today gives
the controllers
764
00:28:38,249 --> 00:28:41,853
the tools they need to make
sure that the runways are clear.
765
00:28:38,249 --> 00:28:41,853
the tools they need to make
sure that the runways are clear.
766
00:28:41,920 --> 00:28:44,155
Without those
safety measures in place,
767
00:28:44,222 --> 00:28:47,525
Robin Wascher lost
track of the situation,
768
00:28:44,222 --> 00:28:47,525
Robin Wascher lost
track of the situation,
769
00:28:47,592 --> 00:28:50,161
something that should never
happen at a control tower.
770
00:28:53,098 --> 00:28:56,234
Linate Airport, Milan, Italy...
771
00:28:56,301 --> 00:28:58,403
it's just after 8:00 AM.
772
00:28:58,470 --> 00:29:02,040
The runways and taxiways
are shrouded in a dense fog,
773
00:28:58,470 --> 00:29:02,040
The runways and taxiways
are shrouded in a dense fog,
774
00:29:02,107 --> 00:29:04,008
similar to that
which covered Detroit
775
00:29:04,075 --> 00:29:06,044
Airport 11 years earlier.
776
00:29:04,075 --> 00:29:06,044
Airport 11 years earlier.
777
00:29:06,111 --> 00:29:08,646
Alitalia 226 cleared for takeoff, 36.
778
00:29:08,713 --> 00:29:10,715
Report when rolling.
779
00:29:10,782 --> 00:29:15,920
Even so, planes
take off every two minutes.
780
00:29:10,782 --> 00:29:15,920
Even so, planes
take off every two minutes.
781
00:29:15,987 --> 00:29:17,422
Linate, buongiorno.
782
00:29:15,987 --> 00:29:17,422
Linate, buongiorno.
783
00:29:17,489 --> 00:29:20,925
Delta India Echo Victor
X-ray requesting startup.
784
00:29:20,992 --> 00:29:23,628
Delta Victor X-ray, you are
cleared to start your engines.
785
00:29:20,992 --> 00:29:23,628
Delta Victor X-ray, you are
cleared to start your engines.
786
00:29:26,297 --> 00:29:27,699
Paolo Zacchetti is the ground
787
00:29:27,765 --> 00:29:29,734
controller responsible
for guiding flights
788
00:29:27,765 --> 00:29:29,734
controller responsible
for guiding flights
789
00:29:29,801 --> 00:29:32,904
to the start of the runway.
790
00:29:32,971 --> 00:29:34,939
Taxi via Romeo 5.
791
00:29:32,971 --> 00:29:34,939
Taxi via Romeo 5.
792
00:29:35,006 --> 00:29:39,244
Call me back at the stop bar
of the main runway extension.
793
00:29:39,310 --> 00:29:42,447
Scandinavian 606, taxi to
your holding position, Cat 3.
794
00:29:39,310 --> 00:29:42,447
Scandinavian 606, taxi to
your holding position, Cat 3.
795
00:29:42,514 --> 00:29:46,584
Scandinavian 686, taxi
to holding position, Cat 3.
796
00:29:46,651 --> 00:29:47,919
On the
way to the runway
797
00:29:46,651 --> 00:29:47,919
On the
way to the runway
798
00:29:47,986 --> 00:29:51,256
is Scandinavian
Airlines Flight 686,
799
00:29:51,322 --> 00:29:53,958
a Boeing MD-87
bound for Copenhagen
800
00:29:51,322 --> 00:29:53,958
a Boeing MD-87
bound for Copenhagen
801
00:29:54,025 --> 00:29:57,395
with 110 people on board.
802
00:29:57,462 --> 00:29:59,597
Taxi holding point Cat 3.
803
00:29:57,462 --> 00:29:59,597
Taxi holding point Cat 3.
804
00:29:59,664 --> 00:30:02,634
The captain is
Joakim Gustafsson.
805
00:30:02,700 --> 00:30:05,336
He's been with SAS for
more than a decade.
806
00:30:02,700 --> 00:30:05,336
He's been with SAS for
more than a decade.
807
00:30:05,403 --> 00:30:08,573
Scandinavian 686,
your position please.
808
00:30:08,640 --> 00:30:10,108
We still haven't reached the
809
00:30:10,175 --> 00:30:13,778
main taxiway, Scandinavian 686.
810
00:30:10,175 --> 00:30:13,778
main taxiway, Scandinavian 686.
811
00:30:13,845 --> 00:30:15,446
First Officer
Anders Hyllander
812
00:30:15,513 --> 00:30:19,150
has been flying for the airline
for the past four years.
813
00:30:15,513 --> 00:30:19,150
has been flying for the airline
for the past four years.
814
00:30:19,217 --> 00:30:23,454
The SAS crew were very
highly experienced pilots,
815
00:30:19,217 --> 00:30:23,454
The SAS crew were very
highly experienced pilots,
816
00:30:23,521 --> 00:30:28,626
so couldn't ask more for
two qualified pilots.
817
00:30:28,693 --> 00:30:31,796
In such thick fog,
the pilots rely on Zacchetti
818
00:30:28,693 --> 00:30:31,796
In such thick fog,
the pilots rely on Zacchetti
819
00:30:31,863 --> 00:30:35,233
to guide them to the runway.
820
00:30:31,863 --> 00:30:35,233
to guide them to the runway.
821
00:30:35,300 --> 00:30:38,303
Scandinavian 686,
your position please.
822
00:30:38,369 --> 00:30:40,672
Now you are on the main taxiway.
823
00:30:40,738 --> 00:30:45,577
Yes, now we are entering the
main taxiway, Scandinavian 686.
824
00:30:40,738 --> 00:30:45,577
Yes, now we are entering the
main taxiway, Scandinavian 686.
825
00:30:45,643 --> 00:30:48,279
Flight 686
turns off the taxiway
826
00:30:45,643 --> 00:30:48,279
Flight 686
turns off the taxiway
827
00:30:48,346 --> 00:30:49,280
and onto the runway.
828
00:30:53,151 --> 00:30:58,089
Zacchetti hands the flight
off to the tower controller.
829
00:30:58,156 --> 00:30:59,390
Tower, buongiorno.
830
00:30:58,156 --> 00:30:59,390
Tower, buongiorno.
831
00:30:59,457 --> 00:31:03,695
Scandinavian 686,
sequence to 36-Right.
832
00:31:03,761 --> 00:31:05,830
Ciao, Scandinavian 686.
833
00:31:03,761 --> 00:31:05,830
Ciao, Scandinavian 686.
834
00:31:05,897 --> 00:31:07,031
The wind is calm.
835
00:31:07,098 --> 00:31:08,166
Report rolling.
836
00:31:08,233 --> 00:31:10,635
When airborne, squawk ident.
837
00:31:10,702 --> 00:31:13,304
The flight is
cleared for takeoff at 8:09 AM.
838
00:31:10,702 --> 00:31:13,304
The flight is
cleared for takeoff at 8:09 AM.
839
00:31:16,107 --> 00:31:20,345
And we are rolling,
Scandinavian 686.
840
00:31:16,107 --> 00:31:20,345
And we are rolling,
Scandinavian 686.
841
00:31:20,411 --> 00:31:24,082
Auto throttle on.
842
00:31:20,411 --> 00:31:24,082
Auto throttle on.
843
00:31:24,148 --> 00:31:25,116
Set thrust.
844
00:31:37,495 --> 00:31:38,363
V1.
845
00:31:40,632 --> 00:31:41,499
Rotate.
846
00:31:40,632 --> 00:31:41,499
Rotate.
847
00:31:50,441 --> 00:31:53,811
What's that?
848
00:31:50,441 --> 00:31:53,811
What's that?
849
00:31:53,878 --> 00:31:56,281
Come on, come on.
850
00:31:57,382 --> 00:31:58,449
Come on.
851
00:32:07,925 --> 00:32:10,561
Scandinavian Airlines Flight 686
852
00:32:10,628 --> 00:32:13,264
has been struck by catastrophe.
853
00:32:13,331 --> 00:32:18,636
But because of the thick
fog, no one is aware of it.
854
00:32:13,331 --> 00:32:18,636
But because of the thick
fog, no one is aware of it.
855
00:32:18,703 --> 00:32:22,907
Until a severely burned baggage
handler emerges from the fog.
856
00:32:18,703 --> 00:32:22,907
Until a severely burned baggage
handler emerges from the fog.
857
00:32:35,853 --> 00:32:37,889
We want to know
what happened on the runway.
858
00:32:42,126 --> 00:32:45,029
10 tons of jet
fuel feed a massive fire
859
00:32:42,126 --> 00:32:45,029
10 tons of jet
fuel feed a massive fire
860
00:32:45,096 --> 00:32:47,899
where the Boeing MD-87
has collided with one
861
00:32:47,965 --> 00:32:51,135
of Linate airport's hangars.
862
00:32:47,965 --> 00:32:51,135
of Linate airport's hangars.
863
00:32:51,202 --> 00:32:54,806
Awful, terrible
devastation, the collapse
864
00:32:54,872 --> 00:32:58,443
of a roof over the
hangar, and the SAS
865
00:32:54,872 --> 00:32:58,443
of a roof over the
hangar, and the SAS
866
00:32:58,509 --> 00:33:02,947
airplane completely destroyed.
867
00:32:58,509 --> 00:33:02,947
airplane completely destroyed.
868
00:33:03,014 --> 00:33:05,083
While emergency
crews battle the fire...
869
00:33:07,685 --> 00:33:10,021
There are two aircraft
unaccounted for.
870
00:33:07,685 --> 00:33:10,021
There are two aircraft
unaccounted for.
871
00:33:12,890 --> 00:33:14,025
...ground
controller Paola
872
00:33:12,890 --> 00:33:14,025
...ground
controller Paola
873
00:33:14,092 --> 00:33:16,561
Zacchetti realizes
a four-seat Cessna
874
00:33:16,627 --> 00:33:19,364
Citation is unaccounted for.
875
00:33:19,430 --> 00:33:24,001
The main attention was
focused on the SAS airplane,
876
00:33:19,430 --> 00:33:24,001
The main attention was
focused on the SAS airplane,
877
00:33:24,068 --> 00:33:28,573
so nobody thought that
there was another airplane.
878
00:33:24,068 --> 00:33:28,573
so nobody thought that
there was another airplane.
879
00:33:28,639 --> 00:33:30,975
A private aircraft is
missing, a Cessna 525.
880
00:33:35,380 --> 00:33:37,749
Ground crews
immediately organize a search.
881
00:33:40,718 --> 00:33:45,189
26 minutes after the crash, they
find what's left of the Cessna
882
00:33:40,718 --> 00:33:45,189
26 minutes after the crash, they
find what's left of the Cessna
883
00:33:45,256 --> 00:33:48,025
midway down the runway
where the accident occurred.
884
00:33:54,599 --> 00:33:57,802
The disaster has claimed
the lives of all 110 people
885
00:33:54,599 --> 00:33:57,802
The disaster has claimed
the lives of all 110 people
886
00:33:57,869 --> 00:34:01,706
on the MD-87, along with
four onboard the Cessna.
887
00:34:04,809 --> 00:34:06,978
Four more were killed
inside the hangar.
888
00:34:12,750 --> 00:34:15,052
This is the most
serious accident
889
00:34:12,750 --> 00:34:15,052
This is the most
serious accident
890
00:34:15,119 --> 00:34:17,989
in the history in Italy.
891
00:34:18,055 --> 00:34:20,191
My God.
892
00:34:18,055 --> 00:34:20,191
My God.
893
00:34:20,258 --> 00:34:22,360
Mario Pica is
the lead investigator
894
00:34:22,427 --> 00:34:27,732
for Italy's National Agency
for Flight Safety, the ANSV.
895
00:34:22,427 --> 00:34:27,732
for Italy's National Agency
for Flight Safety, the ANSV.
896
00:34:27,799 --> 00:34:31,335
It was mandatory to
find out really what happened
897
00:34:31,402 --> 00:34:33,871
and find the reasons
that could help
898
00:34:31,402 --> 00:34:33,871
and find the reasons
that could help
899
00:34:33,938 --> 00:34:35,606
us to avoid it happening again.
900
00:34:38,609 --> 00:34:40,845
The Swedish
accident investigation board
901
00:34:40,912 --> 00:34:43,414
also sends a team to Milan.
902
00:34:43,481 --> 00:34:45,750
We were called
to be part of the investigation
903
00:34:43,481 --> 00:34:45,750
We were called
to be part of the investigation
904
00:34:45,817 --> 00:34:48,486
as it was in the
Scandinavian Airlines plane.
905
00:34:48,553 --> 00:34:51,289
Here's what we know so far.
906
00:34:48,553 --> 00:34:51,289
Here's what we know so far.
907
00:34:51,355 --> 00:34:53,357
The MD-87...
908
00:34:53,424 --> 00:34:54,692
Measuring the distance,
909
00:34:54,759 --> 00:34:58,529
we are certain that
the MD-87 had traveled
910
00:34:54,759 --> 00:34:58,529
we are certain that
the MD-87 had traveled
911
00:34:58,596 --> 00:35:02,366
for about 40 seconds
and gone 1,500 meters
912
00:34:58,596 --> 00:35:02,366
for about 40 seconds
and gone 1,500 meters
913
00:35:02,433 --> 00:35:04,368
before striking the Cessna.
914
00:35:04,435 --> 00:35:05,770
- ACTOR AS MARIO
- ...and go here.
915
00:35:05,837 --> 00:35:06,671
Ah.
916
00:35:09,774 --> 00:35:11,409
Did the
SAS pilots have
917
00:35:11,476 --> 00:35:14,111
any warning that another
plane was on the runway?
918
00:35:11,476 --> 00:35:14,111
any warning that another
plane was on the runway?
919
00:35:16,814 --> 00:35:18,449
Weather, weather.
920
00:35:18,516 --> 00:35:21,752
Weather reports show
visibility was only 160 feet
921
00:35:18,516 --> 00:35:21,752
Weather reports show
visibility was only 160 feet
922
00:35:21,819 --> 00:35:25,423
at the time of the collision.
923
00:35:25,490 --> 00:35:26,324
V1.
924
00:35:25,490 --> 00:35:26,324
V1.
925
00:35:29,093 --> 00:35:30,461
Rotate.
926
00:35:30,528 --> 00:35:32,830
That means
SAS pilots wouldn't
927
00:35:30,528 --> 00:35:32,830
That means
SAS pilots wouldn't
928
00:35:32,897 --> 00:35:36,300
have been able to see the
Cessna until just before impact.
929
00:35:36,367 --> 00:35:38,569
What's that?
930
00:35:36,367 --> 00:35:38,569
What's that?
931
00:35:38,636 --> 00:35:40,805
With the
heavy fog that morning
932
00:35:40,872 --> 00:35:46,277
it was clear that environmental
factor was contributing
933
00:35:40,872 --> 00:35:46,277
it was clear that environmental
factor was contributing
934
00:35:46,344 --> 00:35:49,380
cause of the event.
935
00:35:49,447 --> 00:35:52,617
But modern airports
like Linate operate safely
936
00:35:49,447 --> 00:35:52,617
But modern airports
like Linate operate safely
937
00:35:52,683 --> 00:35:54,385
in low visibility every day.
938
00:35:57,188 --> 00:35:59,223
Planes can avoid
each other at night,
939
00:35:59,290 --> 00:36:01,392
so why should it be
any different in fog?
940
00:36:04,629 --> 00:36:08,633
What went wrong
the morning of the accident?
941
00:36:04,629 --> 00:36:08,633
What went wrong
the morning of the accident?
942
00:36:08,699 --> 00:36:11,569
We have to consider
this right off the bat.
943
00:36:11,636 --> 00:36:14,839
One of the first thought
that came to mind was...
944
00:36:11,636 --> 00:36:14,839
One of the first thought
that came to mind was...
945
00:36:14,906 --> 00:36:16,073
Pilot error.
946
00:36:16,140 --> 00:36:19,510
...the possibility
of a pilot error.
947
00:36:19,577 --> 00:36:21,145
One of
the pilots was not
948
00:36:19,577 --> 00:36:21,145
One of
the pilots was not
949
00:36:21,212 --> 00:36:23,481
where he was supposed to be.
950
00:36:23,548 --> 00:36:25,416
The question is, which one?
951
00:36:28,219 --> 00:36:32,123
Investigators turn to control
tower recordings for answers.
952
00:36:28,219 --> 00:36:32,123
Investigators turn to control
tower recordings for answers.
953
00:36:32,189 --> 00:36:34,191
We have
to listen to the facts.
954
00:36:34,258 --> 00:36:36,994
Our expectation was
that the ATC recording
955
00:36:37,061 --> 00:36:40,131
would reveal what actually
was being said that morning.
956
00:36:37,061 --> 00:36:40,131
would reveal what actually
was being said that morning.
957
00:36:44,602 --> 00:36:46,871
They pay close
attention to ground controller
958
00:36:46,938 --> 00:36:49,340
Paolo Zacchetti's
conversations with the Cessna,
959
00:36:49,407 --> 00:36:52,376
call sign Delta Victor X-ray.
960
00:36:49,407 --> 00:36:52,376
call sign Delta Victor X-ray.
961
00:36:52,443 --> 00:36:55,880
Delta Victor
X-ray, taxi north via Romeo 5.
962
00:36:55,947 --> 00:36:58,115
Call me back at the stop bar
of the main runway extension.
963
00:36:58,182 --> 00:36:59,684
Roger.
964
00:36:59,750 --> 00:37:03,688
Via Romeo 5, call you back
before reaching main runway.
965
00:36:59,750 --> 00:37:03,688
Via Romeo 5, call you back
before reaching main runway.
966
00:37:03,754 --> 00:37:06,357
Zacchetti instructed
the Cessna to go north
967
00:37:06,424 --> 00:37:09,293
from the apron along
taxiway Romeo 5
968
00:37:06,424 --> 00:37:09,293
from the apron along
taxiway Romeo 5
969
00:37:09,360 --> 00:37:12,296
to a taxiway that runs
parallel to Runway 36R.
970
00:37:14,799 --> 00:37:17,702
The route should have kept
the Cessna off the runway.
971
00:37:17,768 --> 00:37:20,905
But he ended up here instead.
972
00:37:17,768 --> 00:37:20,905
But he ended up here instead.
973
00:37:20,972 --> 00:37:24,342
Investigators make a shocking discovery.
974
00:37:24,408 --> 00:37:27,578
The Cessna didn't
follow the taxiway Romeo 5
975
00:37:24,408 --> 00:37:27,578
The Cessna didn't
follow the taxiway Romeo 5
976
00:37:27,645 --> 00:37:30,915
for which it had been
authorized but took
977
00:37:30,982 --> 00:37:33,985
instead taxiway Romeo 6.
978
00:37:30,982 --> 00:37:33,985
instead taxiway Romeo 6.
979
00:37:34,051 --> 00:37:35,553
It seems
that the Cessna
980
00:37:35,620 --> 00:37:38,689
pilots made the fatal error
that caused the crash.
981
00:37:35,620 --> 00:37:38,689
pilots made the fatal error
that caused the crash.
982
00:37:38,756 --> 00:37:40,257
Call you back before reaching
983
00:37:40,324 --> 00:37:41,926
the main runway.
984
00:37:41,993 --> 00:37:44,862
But the revelation
raises an important question.
985
00:37:41,993 --> 00:37:44,862
But the revelation
raises an important question.
986
00:37:44,929 --> 00:37:46,697
So why didn't anyone notice?
987
00:37:49,567 --> 00:37:51,268
It's
ground controls job
988
00:37:49,567 --> 00:37:51,268
It's
ground controls job
989
00:37:51,335 --> 00:37:54,905
to monitor the movement of all
aircraft across the airport.
990
00:37:54,972 --> 00:37:58,509
That morning, it was Paolo
Zacchetti's responsibility.
991
00:37:54,972 --> 00:37:58,509
That morning, it was Paolo
Zacchetti's responsibility.
992
00:37:58,576 --> 00:38:01,746
Delta Victor X-ray, continue
your taxi on the main apron.
993
00:38:01,812 --> 00:38:03,280
Roger.
994
00:38:01,812 --> 00:38:03,280
Roger.
995
00:38:03,347 --> 00:38:06,117
Continue to taxi on main
apron, Delta Victor X-ray.
996
00:38:06,183 --> 00:38:07,618
That is correct.
997
00:38:07,685 --> 00:38:09,854
And please call me back
entering the main taxiway.
998
00:38:07,685 --> 00:38:09,854
And please call me back
entering the main taxiway.
999
00:38:09,920 --> 00:38:13,824
Main apron, main taxiway?
1000
00:38:13,891 --> 00:38:17,428
But Linate airport
has several aprons and taxiways,
1001
00:38:13,891 --> 00:38:17,428
But Linate airport
has several aprons and taxiways,
1002
00:38:17,495 --> 00:38:21,599
none of them designated as main.
1003
00:38:17,495 --> 00:38:21,599
none of them designated as main.
1004
00:38:21,666 --> 00:38:24,568
Investigators now want
to know how Zacchetti
1005
00:38:24,635 --> 00:38:26,170
lost track of the Cessna.
1006
00:38:24,635 --> 00:38:26,170
lost track of the Cessna.
1007
00:38:29,040 --> 00:38:32,243
Air traffic control recordings
reveal that Paolo Zacchetti
1008
00:38:32,309 --> 00:38:35,780
failed to clearly differentiate
aprons from taxiways
1009
00:38:32,309 --> 00:38:35,780
failed to clearly differentiate
aprons from taxiways
1010
00:38:35,846 --> 00:38:37,782
when giving directions
to the Cessna
1011
00:38:37,848 --> 00:38:40,284
that collided with an MD-87.
1012
00:38:37,848 --> 00:38:40,284
that collided with an MD-87.
1013
00:38:40,351 --> 00:38:43,521
Please call me back
entering the main taxiway.
1014
00:38:43,587 --> 00:38:45,623
The communication
with the tower and the pilots
1015
00:38:43,587 --> 00:38:45,623
The communication
with the tower and the pilots
1016
00:38:45,690 --> 00:38:48,793
that morning of the
accident was inconsistent.
1017
00:38:48,859 --> 00:38:51,328
It used the word main
for different things...
1018
00:38:48,859 --> 00:38:51,328
It used the word main
for different things...
1019
00:38:51,395 --> 00:38:54,165
main runway, main
apron, main taxiway.
1020
00:38:54,231 --> 00:38:56,167
The controllers
choice of words
1021
00:38:56,233 --> 00:38:58,369
may have led the Cessna
pilots to believe
1022
00:38:56,233 --> 00:38:58,369
may have led the Cessna
pilots to believe
1023
00:38:58,436 --> 00:39:00,137
they were on the correct route.
1024
00:39:00,204 --> 00:39:04,141
So that it was a communication
below acceptable standard.
1025
00:39:00,204 --> 00:39:04,141
So that it was a communication
below acceptable standard.
1026
00:39:04,208 --> 00:39:05,476
Play that again.
1027
00:39:05,543 --> 00:39:07,912
Investigators also hear a transmission
1028
00:39:07,978 --> 00:39:08,979
from the Cessna...
1029
00:39:09,046 --> 00:39:10,514
Approaching Sierra 4.
1030
00:39:09,046 --> 00:39:10,514
Approaching Sierra 4.
1031
00:39:10,581 --> 00:39:13,184
...that
puzzles them further.
1032
00:39:13,250 --> 00:39:16,887
I don't see it anywhere.
1033
00:39:13,250 --> 00:39:16,887
I don't see it anywhere.
1034
00:39:16,954 --> 00:39:18,322
It's not here.
1035
00:39:18,389 --> 00:39:19,957
Listening to the communications,
1036
00:39:20,024 --> 00:39:24,295
I was baffled when I heard
pilot reporting a Sierra 4.
1037
00:39:20,024 --> 00:39:24,295
I was baffled when I heard
pilot reporting a Sierra 4.
1038
00:39:24,361 --> 00:39:28,933
The controller's
maps don't show S4 at all.
1039
00:39:24,361 --> 00:39:28,933
The controller's
maps don't show S4 at all.
1040
00:39:28,999 --> 00:39:32,236
Investigators are beginning
to suspect the error goes
1041
00:39:32,303 --> 00:39:34,905
beyond the poor communications
between Zacchetti
1042
00:39:32,303 --> 00:39:34,905
beyond the poor communications
between Zacchetti
1043
00:39:34,972 --> 00:39:36,807
and the Cessna's pilot.
1044
00:39:38,809 --> 00:39:42,513
I asked him if he
knew where Sierra 4 was.
1045
00:39:38,809 --> 00:39:42,513
I asked him if he
knew where Sierra 4 was.
1046
00:39:42,580 --> 00:39:45,616
What is Sierra 4?
1047
00:39:42,580 --> 00:39:45,616
What is Sierra 4?
1048
00:39:45,683 --> 00:39:46,717
I have no idea.
1049
00:39:46,784 --> 00:39:48,486
That was very simple.
1050
00:39:48,552 --> 00:39:51,388
He confessed he didn't
know where Sierra 4 was.
1051
00:39:48,552 --> 00:39:51,388
He confessed he didn't
know where Sierra 4 was.
1052
00:39:51,455 --> 00:39:53,858
Pica learns
that Zacchetti's managers
1053
00:39:53,924 --> 00:39:56,093
never gave him a
tour of the taxiways
1054
00:39:56,160 --> 00:39:57,361
as part of his training.
1055
00:39:56,160 --> 00:39:57,361
as part of his training.
1056
00:39:57,428 --> 00:39:59,029
Approaching Sierra 4.
1057
00:39:59,096 --> 00:40:02,133
Delta Victor X-ray, roger.
1058
00:40:02,199 --> 00:40:03,868
Maintain the stop bar.
1059
00:40:02,199 --> 00:40:03,868
Maintain the stop bar.
1060
00:40:03,934 --> 00:40:05,669
I'll call you back.
1061
00:40:05,736 --> 00:40:07,738
Had he
received proper training,
1062
00:40:07,805 --> 00:40:10,541
Zacchetti would have
realized the Cessna wasn't on
1063
00:40:07,805 --> 00:40:10,541
Zacchetti would have
realized the Cessna wasn't on
1064
00:40:10,608 --> 00:40:13,310
taxiway Romeo 5 as instructed.
1065
00:40:13,377 --> 00:40:17,181
Instead, it was on Romeo
6 and about to cross
1066
00:40:13,377 --> 00:40:17,181
Instead, it was on Romeo
6 and about to cross
1067
00:40:17,248 --> 00:40:19,216
the active runway.
1068
00:40:19,283 --> 00:40:21,719
Air traffic controller
didn't stop the Cessna.
1069
00:40:19,283 --> 00:40:21,719
Air traffic controller
didn't stop the Cessna.
1070
00:40:21,786 --> 00:40:23,387
Delta Victor X-ray.
1071
00:40:23,454 --> 00:40:25,222
And at that
moment, the tower
1072
00:40:25,289 --> 00:40:27,925
clears the MD-87 for takeoff.
1073
00:40:25,289 --> 00:40:27,925
clears the MD-87 for takeoff.
1074
00:40:27,992 --> 00:40:31,729
Scandinavian 686 Linate
cleared for takeoff.
1075
00:40:31,796 --> 00:40:32,897
Delta Victor X-ray,
1076
00:40:32,963 --> 00:40:34,865
continue your taxi
on the main apron.
1077
00:40:32,963 --> 00:40:34,865
continue your taxi
on the main apron.
1078
00:40:34,932 --> 00:40:36,734
He should have
stopped the Cessna.
1079
00:40:36,801 --> 00:40:38,402
But unfortunately...
1080
00:40:38,469 --> 00:40:40,671
Roger, continue to
taxi on main apron.
1081
00:40:38,469 --> 00:40:40,671
Roger, continue to
taxi on main apron.
1082
00:40:40,738 --> 00:40:45,943
...he thought that the
Cessna was on R5 taxiway.
1083
00:40:40,738 --> 00:40:45,943
...he thought that the
Cessna was on R5 taxiway.
1084
00:40:46,010 --> 00:40:49,947
It's a fatal
series of errors.
1085
00:40:50,014 --> 00:40:54,084
And we are rolling,
Scandinavian 686.
1086
00:40:50,014 --> 00:40:54,084
And we are rolling,
Scandinavian 686.
1087
00:40:54,151 --> 00:40:56,353
Just as
the MD-87 reaches
1088
00:40:56,420 --> 00:41:03,260
a speed of 145 knots, or 160mph,
the Cessna crosses the runway.
1089
00:40:56,420 --> 00:41:03,260
a speed of 145 knots, or 160mph,
the Cessna crosses the runway.
1090
00:41:06,964 --> 00:41:09,300
Come on, come on.
1091
00:41:10,334 --> 00:41:11,368
Come on.
1092
00:41:18,843 --> 00:41:21,111
Investigators now
have a picture of the events
1093
00:41:21,178 --> 00:41:22,713
leading up to the disaster.
1094
00:41:21,178 --> 00:41:22,713
leading up to the disaster.
1095
00:41:24,448 --> 00:41:28,686
But they still wonder, why
didn't taxiway direction signs
1096
00:41:24,448 --> 00:41:28,686
But they still wonder, why
didn't taxiway direction signs
1097
00:41:28,752 --> 00:41:30,621
alert the Cessna
pilots that they were
1098
00:41:30,688 --> 00:41:33,657
heading in the wrong direction?
1099
00:41:30,688 --> 00:41:33,657
heading in the wrong direction?
1100
00:41:33,724 --> 00:41:37,061
The team looks at guidance
signs at Linate airport
1101
00:41:37,127 --> 00:41:40,064
that are supposed to
help guide the pilots.
1102
00:41:37,127 --> 00:41:40,064
that are supposed to
help guide the pilots.
1103
00:41:40,130 --> 00:41:42,099
The status of those markings
1104
00:41:42,166 --> 00:41:43,834
were in very poor condition.
1105
00:41:43,901 --> 00:41:48,138
It was surrounded by high grass,
and there was only a very few
1106
00:41:43,901 --> 00:41:48,138
It was surrounded by high grass,
and there was only a very few
1107
00:41:48,205 --> 00:41:50,641
of those markings.
1108
00:41:50,708 --> 00:41:53,510
The markings painted
directly onto the tarmac
1109
00:41:50,708 --> 00:41:53,510
The markings painted
directly onto the tarmac
1110
00:41:53,577 --> 00:41:56,680
are also vital for pilots.
1111
00:41:56,747 --> 00:42:01,151
When we came to the
intersection between Romeo 5
1112
00:41:56,747 --> 00:42:01,151
When we came to the
intersection between Romeo 5
1113
00:42:01,218 --> 00:42:05,856
and Romeo 6, we could see that
the markings on the ground
1114
00:42:01,218 --> 00:42:05,856
and Romeo 6, we could see that
the markings on the ground
1115
00:42:05,923 --> 00:42:09,560
were so badly painted that
even in good visibility
1116
00:42:05,923 --> 00:42:09,560
were so badly painted that
even in good visibility
1117
00:42:09,627 --> 00:42:11,095
it was difficult to read them.
1118
00:42:11,161 --> 00:42:12,663
The faded
markings helped
1119
00:42:12,730 --> 00:42:15,466
to explain why the
Cessna turned right
1120
00:42:12,730 --> 00:42:15,466
to explain why the
Cessna turned right
1121
00:42:15,532 --> 00:42:19,703
when, to avoid the runway,
it should have turned left.
1122
00:42:19,770 --> 00:42:22,206
But investigators
know Linate airport
1123
00:42:19,770 --> 00:42:22,206
But investigators
know Linate airport
1124
00:42:22,273 --> 00:42:26,477
should have yet another tool to
prevent this kind of disaster...
1125
00:42:26,543 --> 00:42:29,380
ground radar that can
detect the movement
1126
00:42:26,543 --> 00:42:29,380
ground radar that can
detect the movement
1127
00:42:29,446 --> 00:42:33,851
of all aircraft and vehicles
on the surface of an airport.
1128
00:42:29,446 --> 00:42:33,851
of all aircraft and vehicles
on the surface of an airport.
1129
00:42:33,918 --> 00:42:36,520
Delta Victor
X-ray, confirm your position.
1130
00:42:36,587 --> 00:42:39,089
But when the
team talks to controllers...
1131
00:42:39,156 --> 00:42:42,493
No, there is no
ground radar in Linate.
1132
00:42:39,156 --> 00:42:42,493
No, there is no
ground radar in Linate.
1133
00:42:42,559 --> 00:42:44,762
We have not had it in years.
1134
00:42:44,828 --> 00:42:48,499
...they discover
another deficiency at Linate.
1135
00:42:44,828 --> 00:42:48,499
...they discover
another deficiency at Linate.
1136
00:42:48,565 --> 00:42:52,002
The ground radar of Linate,
the old one was dismantled.
1137
00:42:48,565 --> 00:42:52,002
The ground radar of Linate,
the old one was dismantled.
1138
00:42:52,069 --> 00:42:53,570
The new one was in boxes.
1139
00:42:53,637 --> 00:42:56,307
It had been there for years
and not yet installed.
1140
00:42:56,373 --> 00:42:57,107
Why?
1141
00:42:57,174 --> 00:42:58,042
I don't know.
1142
00:42:57,174 --> 00:42:58,042
I don't know.
1143
00:43:02,146 --> 00:43:04,548
Everything which could go wrong
1144
00:43:02,146 --> 00:43:04,548
Everything which could go wrong
1145
00:43:04,615 --> 00:43:08,385
did go wrong at that airport.
1146
00:43:08,452 --> 00:43:10,220
In the
aftermath, Linate
1147
00:43:08,452 --> 00:43:10,220
In the
aftermath, Linate
1148
00:43:10,287 --> 00:43:14,158
underwent a major overhaul
to improve safety.
1149
00:43:14,224 --> 00:43:15,559
GROUND CONTROLLER (ON
RADIO): Alitalia 212,
1150
00:43:14,224 --> 00:43:15,559
GROUND CONTROLLER (ON
RADIO): Alitalia 212,
1151
00:43:15,626 --> 00:43:16,727
hold your position.
1152
00:43:16,794 --> 00:43:18,095
You are crossing
an active runway.
1153
00:43:18,162 --> 00:43:23,701
Repeat, hold your
position, Alitalia 212.
1154
00:43:18,162 --> 00:43:23,701
Repeat, hold your
position, Alitalia 212.
1155
00:43:23,767 --> 00:43:25,769
Oh god, oh god!
1156
00:43:25,836 --> 00:43:28,739
Changes brought in
after three catastrophic runway
1157
00:43:25,836 --> 00:43:28,739
Changes brought in
after three catastrophic runway
1158
00:43:28,806 --> 00:43:29,807
collisions...
1159
00:43:29,873 --> 00:43:31,408
What the hell!
1160
00:43:31,475 --> 00:43:33,811
...have made the
chance of a runway disaster
1161
00:43:31,475 --> 00:43:33,811
...have made the
chance of a runway disaster
1162
00:43:33,877 --> 00:43:34,812
far less likely.
1163
00:43:34,878 --> 00:43:35,779
What's that?
1164
00:43:43,921 --> 00:43:45,289
Right now, air
traffic controllers
1165
00:43:45,356 --> 00:43:47,658
have a tremendous
amount of resources
1166
00:43:47,725 --> 00:43:54,098
available to them versus what
they did even 10, 20 years ago.
1167
00:43:47,725 --> 00:43:54,098
available to them versus what
they did even 10, 20 years ago.
1168
00:43:54,164 --> 00:43:56,300
And I think the safety record
that we have in the industry
1169
00:43:56,367 --> 00:43:57,968
shows their abilities.
1170
00:43:56,367 --> 00:43:57,968
shows their abilities.
1171
00:43:58,035 --> 00:43:59,503
The air traffic
control world has
1172
00:43:59,570 --> 00:44:01,372
grown so much, for the better.
89573
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