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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:01,367 --> 00:00:05,300 A Spanish settlement stained in innocent blood. 2 00:00:05,467 --> 00:00:08,766 What begins as an unpleasant scheme 3 00:00:08,767 --> 00:00:10,466 leads to bodies 4 00:00:10,467 --> 00:00:11,967 lying in the dust. 5 00:00:14,400 --> 00:00:18,500 In Wisconsin, a serene institution seized 6 00:00:18,667 --> 00:00:20,866 out of righteous anger. 7 00:00:20,867 --> 00:00:23,800 As the National Guard surrounded the area, 8 00:00:23,967 --> 00:00:27,166 there were reports of the back and forth shooting 9 00:00:27,333 --> 00:00:28,300 that happened. 10 00:00:30,767 --> 00:00:33,867 And a subterranean lair in France, 11 00:00:34,033 --> 00:00:37,700 designed with a disturbing objective. 12 00:00:37,867 --> 00:00:41,466 Hitler is convinced that German technology 13 00:00:41,467 --> 00:00:43,566 can still win the war, 14 00:00:43,567 --> 00:00:48,800 and Joe Kennedy, heir to an American political dynasty, 15 00:00:48,967 --> 00:00:53,166 is going to die on his way here. 16 00:01:02,667 --> 00:01:06,600 In America's Midwest, lies an isolated structure, 17 00:01:06,767 --> 00:01:09,867 caught in the crosshairs of a tribe's mission to reclaim 18 00:01:10,033 --> 00:01:11,700 what was once theirs. 19 00:01:15,867 --> 00:01:19,400 Tucked away from the road is a wide, open clearing. 20 00:01:19,567 --> 00:01:22,867 And in the middle of it, there is this colossal, 21 00:01:23,033 --> 00:01:25,667 Georgian style mansion. 22 00:01:25,834 --> 00:01:30,367 It's far too big, too grand, to be a single-family residence. 23 00:01:30,533 --> 00:01:35,999 But who built it and why is it standing empty today? 24 00:01:36,000 --> 00:01:39,300 When you go inside, the stark concrete 25 00:01:39,467 --> 00:01:42,700 offers few clues to its former purpose. 26 00:01:42,867 --> 00:01:45,566 It's bare and cavernous. 27 00:01:45,567 --> 00:01:49,000 This was once a place of religious devotion. 28 00:01:49,166 --> 00:01:50,900 It would become the symbol 29 00:01:51,066 --> 00:01:53,000 of a bitter struggle to be heard. 30 00:01:53,166 --> 00:01:56,900 Some said that it existed on stolen land, 31 00:01:57,066 --> 00:01:59,300 and that conflict would come to a head 32 00:01:59,467 --> 00:02:02,866 in a very dramatic confrontation. 33 00:02:02,867 --> 00:02:06,100 This land is Menominee ancestral lands. 34 00:02:06,266 --> 00:02:09,467 As a people, we've been here since time immemorial. 35 00:02:10,767 --> 00:02:12,967 On a cold January day, 36 00:02:13,133 --> 00:02:15,666 a group descended onto this compound 37 00:02:15,667 --> 00:02:17,567 with shotguns and rifles. 38 00:02:18,867 --> 00:02:21,266 Their motto was "Deed or death." 39 00:02:22,367 --> 00:02:25,667 This was a month-long, armed standoff 40 00:02:25,834 --> 00:02:29,767 and soon it gains national recognition. 41 00:02:29,934 --> 00:02:31,467 Suddenly, you had everyone, 42 00:02:31,633 --> 00:02:33,867 from national grassroots organizations 43 00:02:34,033 --> 00:02:35,999 to movie stars like Marlon Brando, 44 00:02:36,000 --> 00:02:38,166 showing up to the protests. 45 00:02:43,767 --> 00:02:45,600 Chris Caldwell is president 46 00:02:45,767 --> 00:02:48,467 of the College of the Menominee Nation. 47 00:02:48,633 --> 00:02:51,967 His family was involved in the battle that unfolded 48 00:02:52,133 --> 00:02:55,166 in this building in the 1970s. 49 00:02:55,333 --> 00:02:58,099 My Aunt Chris talks about being in here, 50 00:02:58,100 --> 00:02:59,967 ducking from gunfire, 51 00:03:00,200 --> 00:03:03,967 you know, trying to make sure the kids that were with them 52 00:03:04,133 --> 00:03:05,900 knew to duck. 53 00:03:06,066 --> 00:03:09,900 It's been a process to reconcile those things. 54 00:03:11,767 --> 00:03:13,766 When this site was first built, 55 00:03:13,767 --> 00:03:15,166 it stood on territory 56 00:03:15,333 --> 00:03:18,265 that had been taken away from the Menominee. 57 00:03:18,266 --> 00:03:20,766 Its original function belies 58 00:03:20,767 --> 00:03:24,200 what would eventually transpire here. 59 00:03:24,367 --> 00:03:27,766 This grand building was originally constructed in 1939, 60 00:03:27,767 --> 00:03:31,066 as a private residence for a wealthy widow from New York 61 00:03:31,233 --> 00:03:32,367 and her sick daughter. 62 00:03:32,533 --> 00:03:36,000 But sadly, she died before it can be completed. 63 00:03:36,900 --> 00:03:39,400 Then, in the 1950s, the woman donated 64 00:03:39,567 --> 00:03:42,767 the unfinished house and the land to the Alexian Brothers, 65 00:03:42,934 --> 00:03:46,100 an organization that was close to her heart. 66 00:03:46,266 --> 00:03:48,766 The Alexian Brothers are a Catholic group 67 00:03:48,767 --> 00:03:52,800 devoted to religious study and taking care of the sick. 68 00:03:52,967 --> 00:03:55,000 And they turned the property 69 00:03:55,166 --> 00:03:57,766 into what's known as a "novitiate", 70 00:03:57,767 --> 00:04:01,066 somewhere where inductees would come to study 71 00:04:01,233 --> 00:04:04,165 and learn and prepare to take their vows. 72 00:04:04,166 --> 00:04:07,166 The Novitiate operated like this for over 20 years, 73 00:04:07,333 --> 00:04:11,265 but in 1972, they moved their operations to Chicago, 74 00:04:11,266 --> 00:04:14,266 and this building is left empty. 75 00:04:14,433 --> 00:04:17,366 This could've been the end of the Novitiate story, 76 00:04:17,367 --> 00:04:20,999 but events were underway that would send it 77 00:04:21,000 --> 00:04:23,466 on a collision course 78 00:04:23,467 --> 00:04:25,367 with an unfolding crisis 79 00:04:25,533 --> 00:04:27,567 at a nearby Native American reservation. 80 00:04:29,066 --> 00:04:32,567 The Menominee historically inhabited a vast area 81 00:04:32,734 --> 00:04:34,700 that stretched across Wisconsin 82 00:04:34,867 --> 00:04:37,400 to the Upper Peninsula in Michigan. 83 00:04:37,567 --> 00:04:41,265 A series of treaties with the US government in the 1800s 84 00:04:41,266 --> 00:04:44,366 saw their land shrink from 10 million acres 85 00:04:44,367 --> 00:04:47,466 to just 230,000. 86 00:04:47,467 --> 00:04:49,766 Still, the Menominee remained 87 00:04:49,767 --> 00:04:53,066 one of the wealthiest Native tribes in North America, 88 00:04:53,233 --> 00:04:57,500 because they had large interest in timber. 89 00:04:57,667 --> 00:05:02,066 But in the 1950s, their way of life and land 90 00:05:02,233 --> 00:05:05,367 would be threatened once more. 91 00:05:05,533 --> 00:05:07,467 The tribe was doing so well 92 00:05:07,633 --> 00:05:09,567 that the Bureau of Indian Affairs 93 00:05:09,734 --> 00:05:13,600 decided that they were ready to be relieved 94 00:05:13,767 --> 00:05:16,100 from federal government support, 95 00:05:16,266 --> 00:05:18,300 and, in the term of the time, 96 00:05:18,467 --> 00:05:22,866 assimilated into mainstream US society. 97 00:05:22,867 --> 00:05:25,466 The government establishes a policy of termination, 98 00:05:25,467 --> 00:05:28,000 which ends the tribe's sovereign status 99 00:05:28,166 --> 00:05:31,600 and changes the responsibility that the federal government 100 00:05:31,767 --> 00:05:33,166 has towards them. 101 00:05:34,100 --> 00:05:37,967 With termination came an instant tax bill 102 00:05:38,133 --> 00:05:42,166 for the 230,000 acres of our reservation lands. 103 00:05:43,100 --> 00:05:45,400 We had to find a way to pay for that, 104 00:05:45,567 --> 00:05:48,100 and our communities declined. 105 00:05:48,266 --> 00:05:49,400 They went from being 106 00:05:49,567 --> 00:05:51,999 one of the most affluent tribes in the nation 107 00:05:52,000 --> 00:05:53,800 to being desperately poor, 108 00:05:53,967 --> 00:05:57,099 with all the social ills that come along with poverty. 109 00:05:57,100 --> 00:06:01,266 It just pushed the Menominee, I feel, over the brink 110 00:06:01,433 --> 00:06:03,600 to "we really need to figure out 111 00:06:03,767 --> 00:06:06,900 "how do we get back our lands, 112 00:06:07,066 --> 00:06:10,000 how do we get back that connection." 113 00:06:10,166 --> 00:06:11,566 One faction of the tribe 114 00:06:11,567 --> 00:06:14,165 felt the only way to get their voice heard 115 00:06:14,166 --> 00:06:16,166 was direct action. 116 00:06:16,767 --> 00:06:21,165 These were members of the Menominee Warrior Society. 117 00:06:21,166 --> 00:06:24,800 During this period, the same political activism 118 00:06:24,967 --> 00:06:28,400 that we saw on college campuses and Vietnam War protests 119 00:06:28,567 --> 00:06:31,867 was also sweeping Native communities across the country. 120 00:06:32,867 --> 00:06:36,165 Many of the members of the Warrior Society 121 00:06:36,166 --> 00:06:39,567 were inspired by activist takeovers, 122 00:06:39,734 --> 00:06:41,900 like that of Alcatraz in 1969. 123 00:06:43,100 --> 00:06:47,000 In 1975, the Menominee Warrior Society 124 00:06:47,166 --> 00:06:49,500 decided to make their stand. 125 00:06:49,667 --> 00:06:52,300 The target was the Alexian Novitiate, 126 00:06:52,467 --> 00:06:54,666 which had been vacant for three years, 127 00:06:54,667 --> 00:06:58,366 apart from a lone caretaker and his family. 128 00:06:58,367 --> 00:07:01,300 The Menominee Warriors saw this 129 00:07:01,467 --> 00:07:05,200 as a visible symbol of land 130 00:07:05,367 --> 00:07:08,099 that they believed was rightfully theirs. 131 00:07:08,100 --> 00:07:11,300 On New Year's Day, a band of about 40 Menominee 132 00:07:11,467 --> 00:07:14,967 armed with shotguns and rifles arrived at the compound. 133 00:07:15,133 --> 00:07:17,366 They were led by a man they called "the General", 134 00:07:17,367 --> 00:07:19,000 Michael Sturdevant. 135 00:07:20,266 --> 00:07:22,500 They seize the property, and they take the caretaker 136 00:07:22,667 --> 00:07:24,700 and his family hostage. 137 00:07:24,867 --> 00:07:27,066 The Novitiate was now under the control 138 00:07:27,233 --> 00:07:29,367 of the Menominee Warrior Society. 139 00:07:30,700 --> 00:07:33,100 The local police came out in force 140 00:07:33,266 --> 00:07:35,700 and surrounded the building. 141 00:07:35,867 --> 00:07:37,700 The state government acted quickly 142 00:07:37,867 --> 00:07:39,265 to contain the takeover. 143 00:07:39,266 --> 00:07:42,800 The last thing they wanted was for the protest to spread. 144 00:07:44,266 --> 00:07:45,967 Even the National Guard are called in, 145 00:07:46,133 --> 00:07:49,200 eventually grow into a force of over 2,000 troops, 146 00:07:49,367 --> 00:07:52,066 and then you have a standoff at the Novitiate. 147 00:07:52,233 --> 00:07:55,767 The situation had become a powder keg 148 00:07:55,934 --> 00:07:57,567 ready to ignite. 149 00:07:57,734 --> 00:08:00,300 The Warrior Society believed that they were really 150 00:08:00,467 --> 00:08:02,367 in a life and death struggle 151 00:08:02,533 --> 00:08:05,266 for the future of their tribe and their rights. 152 00:08:08,867 --> 00:08:12,467 2 In the early hours of New Year's Day, 1975, 153 00:08:12,633 --> 00:08:15,967 the Menominee Warrior Society led an armed takeover 154 00:08:16,133 --> 00:08:17,800 of the Alexian Novitiate. 155 00:08:17,967 --> 00:08:21,400 A nerve-wracking standoff ensued. 156 00:08:21,567 --> 00:08:23,467 When the Wisconsin National Guard 157 00:08:23,633 --> 00:08:25,200 was called in by the governor, 158 00:08:25,367 --> 00:08:26,999 there were different interactions 159 00:08:27,000 --> 00:08:29,600 between the Warrior Society 160 00:08:29,767 --> 00:08:33,099 and the different local community groups. 161 00:08:33,100 --> 00:08:37,300 And so, there was gunfire back and forth. 162 00:08:37,467 --> 00:08:39,400 The Warrior Society is completely 163 00:08:39,567 --> 00:08:41,166 outmanned and outgunned, 164 00:08:41,333 --> 00:08:42,600 and the government doesn't want 165 00:08:42,767 --> 00:08:43,967 any deaths on their hands, 166 00:08:44,133 --> 00:08:46,467 especially in this already tense situation. 167 00:08:48,000 --> 00:08:50,300 The National Guard had one key advantage. 168 00:08:50,467 --> 00:08:53,200 They were able to cut off the power to the building. 169 00:08:53,367 --> 00:08:55,667 Soon, the heat was out. 170 00:08:55,834 --> 00:08:59,766 It was cold at the time, and supporters would find ways 171 00:08:59,767 --> 00:09:04,766 to sneak into the building-- you know, bring supplies 172 00:09:04,767 --> 00:09:08,165 and other things like that to help. 173 00:09:08,166 --> 00:09:10,367 The actor and activist, Marlon Brando, 174 00:09:10,533 --> 00:09:12,767 even arrived at the Novitiate 175 00:09:12,934 --> 00:09:16,165 to support the Warrior group. 176 00:09:16,166 --> 00:09:18,266 Despite the celebrity backing, 177 00:09:18,433 --> 00:09:20,866 local public opinion about the takeover 178 00:09:20,867 --> 00:09:22,700 was split. 179 00:09:22,867 --> 00:09:24,166 In the surrounding white community, of course, 180 00:09:24,333 --> 00:09:26,800 many were outraged by what they saw as an insurrection. 181 00:09:27,867 --> 00:09:31,567 Even on the reservation itself, there were those who thought 182 00:09:31,734 --> 00:09:33,999 that it would undermine their chances 183 00:09:34,000 --> 00:09:35,467 to have their rights restored. 184 00:09:36,900 --> 00:09:41,300 On February 2nd, after a month-long occupation, 185 00:09:41,467 --> 00:09:45,566 a deal was reached between the Warrior Society 186 00:09:45,567 --> 00:09:47,300 and the Alexian Brothers. 187 00:09:48,667 --> 00:09:52,100 The Brothers agreed to sell the Novitiate to the Menominee 188 00:09:52,266 --> 00:09:53,900 for the sum of $1. 189 00:09:54,066 --> 00:09:57,100 At that point, the Warrior Society 190 00:09:57,266 --> 00:09:58,500 peacefully surrendered, 191 00:09:58,667 --> 00:10:00,400 and 39 of them were arrested. 192 00:10:00,567 --> 00:10:02,967 Looking back, we have to give credit 193 00:10:03,133 --> 00:10:04,600 to the cool heads on both sides. 194 00:10:04,767 --> 00:10:06,165 It ended peacefully 195 00:10:06,166 --> 00:10:09,999 and did not erupt in outright bloodshed. 196 00:10:10,000 --> 00:10:12,999 Five members of the group were charged, 197 00:10:13,000 --> 00:10:15,900 including their leader, Michael Sturdevant, 198 00:10:16,066 --> 00:10:17,367 who was imprisoned. 199 00:10:19,667 --> 00:10:22,367 In April of 1975, 200 00:10:22,533 --> 00:10:24,900 three months after the Novitiate standoff, 201 00:10:25,066 --> 00:10:28,367 the US government restored the Menominee's status 202 00:10:28,533 --> 00:10:30,999 as a federally recognized tribe. 203 00:10:31,000 --> 00:10:34,667 This granted the Menominee the right to self-govern 204 00:10:34,834 --> 00:10:39,300 their existing 230,000 acres of reservation land. 205 00:10:39,467 --> 00:10:41,567 It's unclear how much this occupation 206 00:10:41,734 --> 00:10:43,566 influenced that decision. 207 00:10:43,567 --> 00:10:46,100 Despite the efforts of the Warrior Society, 208 00:10:46,266 --> 00:10:50,100 the Menominee were unable to maintain the building. 209 00:10:50,266 --> 00:10:52,400 Eventually, they decided that the best course of action 210 00:10:52,567 --> 00:10:55,866 was just to give the building back to the Alexian Brothers. 211 00:10:55,867 --> 00:10:57,466 Over the next 50 years, 212 00:10:57,467 --> 00:11:00,166 the property sat empty and suffered damage, 213 00:11:00,333 --> 00:11:02,667 including a fire that gutted the mansion. 214 00:11:07,700 --> 00:11:10,767 In 2021, the Novitiate was purchased 215 00:11:10,934 --> 00:11:14,700 by new owners, who are restoring the property. 216 00:11:14,867 --> 00:11:17,366 Its future use is yet to be decided, 217 00:11:17,367 --> 00:11:20,367 but the Menominee tribe is being consulted. 218 00:11:21,567 --> 00:11:24,265 It was only a building in a moment of time 219 00:11:24,266 --> 00:11:26,366 for the Menominee people, 220 00:11:26,367 --> 00:11:28,467 but there's a lot of significance 221 00:11:28,633 --> 00:11:30,000 that came along with it. 222 00:11:30,166 --> 00:11:34,165 There's a responsibility to learn the lessons 223 00:11:34,166 --> 00:11:36,000 from those events. 224 00:11:41,166 --> 00:11:44,767 In Northern France, tranquil green fields disguise 225 00:11:44,934 --> 00:11:48,767 a conspiracy to lay waste to an entire population. 226 00:11:53,300 --> 00:11:55,800 We're not far from the English Channel. 227 00:11:55,967 --> 00:12:01,265 We're not far from Paris, but here it's the country. 228 00:12:01,266 --> 00:12:03,000 And then you start to see evidence 229 00:12:03,166 --> 00:12:04,999 that there's more here than meets the eye. 230 00:12:05,000 --> 00:12:07,666 There are these huge chunks of concrete 231 00:12:07,667 --> 00:12:08,967 that are really smashed apart. 232 00:12:09,133 --> 00:12:12,400 What could have caused these massive holes 233 00:12:12,567 --> 00:12:14,200 in the quiet French countryside? 234 00:12:15,467 --> 00:12:18,866 Nearby, an entrance leading into the hillside 235 00:12:18,867 --> 00:12:21,767 reveals something unexpected hidden below. 236 00:12:22,767 --> 00:12:26,100 Parts of it looks like it could be a railroad tunnel, 237 00:12:26,266 --> 00:12:29,566 but as you look deeper, it's a lot more than that. 238 00:12:29,567 --> 00:12:32,466 The architecture is very utilitarian, 239 00:12:32,467 --> 00:12:33,800 and it tells you that 240 00:12:33,967 --> 00:12:36,066 this was probably a military facility. 241 00:12:37,166 --> 00:12:39,200 Masses of concrete, 242 00:12:39,367 --> 00:12:42,866 the smell of slave laborers' 243 00:12:42,867 --> 00:12:44,200 blood and sweat. 244 00:12:45,200 --> 00:12:49,200 This has got to be Nazi engineering. 245 00:12:50,300 --> 00:12:54,999 This subterranean complex was built as a last resort 246 00:12:55,000 --> 00:12:57,300 to save an evil empire. 247 00:12:58,367 --> 00:13:01,066 The threat it posed was unlike anything 248 00:13:01,233 --> 00:13:03,700 the world had seen before. 249 00:13:03,867 --> 00:13:05,500 It was a race against time. 250 00:13:05,667 --> 00:13:07,767 Could the Allies stop this weapon 251 00:13:07,934 --> 00:13:10,266 before the Nazis reign terror down on London? 252 00:13:15,900 --> 00:13:19,800 In early 1943, things aren't going well for the Nazis. 253 00:13:19,967 --> 00:13:23,867 The campaign in Russia is slowing down, 254 00:13:24,033 --> 00:13:26,467 and the Allies are gaining ground in North Africa. 255 00:13:26,633 --> 00:13:29,766 Hitler thinks that if he gets German scientists, 256 00:13:29,767 --> 00:13:32,767 German engineers, working in the right direction, 257 00:13:32,934 --> 00:13:37,466 they will create "Wunderwaffen", "wonder weapons", 258 00:13:37,467 --> 00:13:42,700 and those wonder weapons are gonna win the war. 259 00:13:42,867 --> 00:13:45,467 On June 13, 1944, 260 00:13:45,633 --> 00:13:48,866 seven days after the D-Day landings, 261 00:13:48,867 --> 00:13:53,999 Hitler unveiled the first wave of a new destructive power 262 00:13:54,000 --> 00:13:56,200 developed under the wonder weapon program. 263 00:13:56,367 --> 00:13:59,467 They were called "vengeance weapons". 264 00:13:59,633 --> 00:14:03,367 The V1 was a flying bomb that buzzed when it went overhead. 265 00:14:03,533 --> 00:14:07,466 And when it was about to drop, it got totally silent, 266 00:14:07,467 --> 00:14:09,000 meaning that the people below 267 00:14:09,166 --> 00:14:11,265 knew it was about to strike them. 268 00:14:11,266 --> 00:14:13,666 Four months later, the Führer revealed 269 00:14:13,667 --> 00:14:15,600 the next stage of his plot 270 00:14:15,767 --> 00:14:18,367 to wipe London from the map. 271 00:14:18,533 --> 00:14:20,467 The V2 rockets were essentially 272 00:14:20,633 --> 00:14:22,367 the first ballistic missile. 273 00:14:22,533 --> 00:14:25,200 They're going to hit without warning, 274 00:14:25,367 --> 00:14:27,700 and at speeds that you just can't intercept. 275 00:14:29,800 --> 00:14:31,967 Hitler really believes 276 00:14:32,133 --> 00:14:34,766 that by sending the vengeance weapons, 277 00:14:34,767 --> 00:14:38,099 the "Vergeltungswaffen", into England, 278 00:14:38,100 --> 00:14:41,700 he is going to break the British will to fight. 279 00:14:43,400 --> 00:14:46,867 But the crazed dictator still had one last piece 280 00:14:47,033 --> 00:14:49,466 of his destructive puzzle to complete. 281 00:14:49,467 --> 00:14:53,367 It was called the Fortress of Mimoyecques. 282 00:14:54,266 --> 00:14:59,100 Caroline Albert is an expert on this clandestine Nazi facility. 283 00:15:15,367 --> 00:15:18,566 Construction on the site begins in 1943. 284 00:15:18,567 --> 00:15:20,467 Over 1,200 workers arrive to begin 285 00:15:20,633 --> 00:15:22,266 digging out those tunnels. 286 00:15:22,433 --> 00:15:26,099 Despite all this natural reinforcement, they went ahead 287 00:15:26,100 --> 00:15:30,266 and put a 16-foot reinforced concrete top over it. 288 00:15:31,166 --> 00:15:35,466 The Allies were completely unaware of the ferocity brewing 289 00:15:35,467 --> 00:15:37,999 beneath the French countryside. 290 00:15:38,000 --> 00:15:39,866 It was basically a huge cannon, 291 00:15:39,867 --> 00:15:41,200 and it fired shells 292 00:15:41,367 --> 00:15:44,800 using multiple explosive charges along its barrel. 293 00:15:44,967 --> 00:15:50,366 The round goes past firing chamber after firing chamber, 294 00:15:50,367 --> 00:15:53,099 going faster and faster 295 00:15:53,100 --> 00:15:57,867 until it is able to fly all the way to London 296 00:15:58,033 --> 00:16:00,700 and bang!-- deliver a payload 297 00:16:00,867 --> 00:16:04,900 right into the center of the enemy capital. 298 00:16:05,066 --> 00:16:08,667 But this complex wouldn't house just one of these super guns. 299 00:16:08,834 --> 00:16:14,366 Each of the five firing shafts was meant to hold five cannons, 300 00:16:14,367 --> 00:16:16,166 totaling 25 in all. 301 00:16:17,567 --> 00:16:21,766 In theory, it could fire 600 shells an hour, 24 hours a day. 302 00:16:21,767 --> 00:16:24,767 The Allies had no idea what was coming. 303 00:16:26,567 --> 00:16:29,867 Yet the French Resistance spotted something sinister 304 00:16:30,033 --> 00:16:33,767 was underway and alerted British intelligence. 305 00:16:33,934 --> 00:16:37,166 When Allied reconnaissance flights discover this space, 306 00:16:37,333 --> 00:16:39,165 they're not quite sure what it is, 307 00:16:39,166 --> 00:16:40,766 but they know that it's big, 308 00:16:40,767 --> 00:16:42,265 they know that it's Nazi, 309 00:16:42,266 --> 00:16:44,266 and they know that it has to be destroyed. 310 00:16:48,767 --> 00:16:52,466 2 At Mimoyecques Fortress during World War II, 311 00:16:52,467 --> 00:16:56,366 Hitler ordered the construction of the V3 cannon, 312 00:16:56,367 --> 00:16:58,999 a weapon of such fury 313 00:16:59,000 --> 00:17:01,666 he believed it could turn the tide of the conflict 314 00:17:01,667 --> 00:17:02,767 in his favor. 315 00:17:03,166 --> 00:17:07,600 Between November 1943 and the spring of 1944, 316 00:17:07,767 --> 00:17:09,867 British and US airmen fought 317 00:17:10,033 --> 00:17:11,967 through an onslaught of anti-aircraft fire 318 00:17:12,133 --> 00:17:15,999 to try and really take this place out. 319 00:17:16,000 --> 00:17:19,000 They drop over 4,000 tons of armaments, 320 00:17:19,166 --> 00:17:20,600 and it's still there. 321 00:17:20,767 --> 00:17:23,466 Something else needs to happen to destroy this. 322 00:17:23,467 --> 00:17:27,165 The Allies turned to the brilliant engineer 323 00:17:27,166 --> 00:17:28,300 Barnes Wallis, 324 00:17:28,467 --> 00:17:30,866 who created an innovative bouncing bomb 325 00:17:30,867 --> 00:17:34,000 to destroy German dams earlier in the war. 326 00:17:35,300 --> 00:17:39,467 Now, we need to destroy a German concrete bunker. 327 00:17:40,867 --> 00:17:43,400 He developed a extra large bomb 328 00:17:43,567 --> 00:17:45,500 that was called "the Tallboy". 329 00:17:45,667 --> 00:17:47,867 It would bury itself in the earth before exploding, 330 00:17:48,033 --> 00:17:50,367 and it would create an earthquake. 331 00:17:50,533 --> 00:17:54,367 It was the perfect weapon to destroy underground structures. 332 00:17:55,367 --> 00:17:57,667 Throughout the spring of 1944, 333 00:17:57,834 --> 00:18:01,366 the Nazis rushed to complete the V3 cannons. 334 00:18:01,367 --> 00:18:03,666 But before they could be deployed, 335 00:18:03,667 --> 00:18:06,900 the skies darkened over Mimoyecques. 336 00:18:07,066 --> 00:18:09,767 On July 6, 1944, the Allies send 337 00:18:09,934 --> 00:18:12,400 over 100 Halifax bombers. 338 00:18:12,567 --> 00:18:15,066 They're carpet bombing the target 339 00:18:15,233 --> 00:18:18,900 in order to destroy anything on the surface. 340 00:18:19,767 --> 00:18:24,567 And then, the Lancaster bombers are going to fly in 341 00:18:24,734 --> 00:18:26,567 with the Tallboy bomb. 342 00:18:28,567 --> 00:18:31,367 Three near misses and then a direct hit. 343 00:18:33,300 --> 00:18:35,366 With that hit, they've managed to smash 344 00:18:35,367 --> 00:18:37,600 through that massive concrete roof. 345 00:18:47,700 --> 00:18:52,467 Yet the Allies still feared the site could be operational. 346 00:18:52,633 --> 00:18:55,165 They couldn't take the chance that Hitler's weapon 347 00:18:55,166 --> 00:18:57,700 could still flatten London. 348 00:18:57,867 --> 00:19:01,567 US Navy airmen were tasked with a top secret mission, 349 00:19:01,734 --> 00:19:04,666 to take Mimoyecques out once and for all. 350 00:19:04,667 --> 00:19:08,900 It was codenamed "Operation Anvil". 351 00:19:09,066 --> 00:19:13,767 This is a project designed to take worn-out bombers 352 00:19:13,934 --> 00:19:19,100 and turn them into an early form of drone. 353 00:19:19,266 --> 00:19:22,867 They would have pilots on board who would set the explosives, 354 00:19:23,033 --> 00:19:26,066 parachute out, and the plane would continue on 355 00:19:26,233 --> 00:19:27,500 to its target. 356 00:19:28,767 --> 00:19:32,766 One brave pilot steps up for the mission, and that pilot was 357 00:19:32,767 --> 00:19:34,300 Joseph P. Kennedy. 358 00:19:36,000 --> 00:19:38,300 Joseph was the eldest of the Kennedy children, 359 00:19:38,467 --> 00:19:40,800 and his father had been grooming him to be president 360 00:19:40,967 --> 00:19:42,166 from a young age. 361 00:19:43,100 --> 00:19:45,667 On August 12, 1944, 362 00:19:45,834 --> 00:19:48,600 he and his co-pilot took to the skies. 363 00:19:49,800 --> 00:19:54,300 Kennedy radios in the code words "spade flush" to indicate 364 00:19:54,467 --> 00:19:56,800 that they were about to jump out of the plane, 365 00:19:56,967 --> 00:20:00,000 but then those ended up being his very last words. 366 00:20:01,767 --> 00:20:07,100 The whole plane goes up into enormous explosions, 367 00:20:07,266 --> 00:20:11,466 there is literally nothing left 368 00:20:11,467 --> 00:20:13,600 of Kennedy and his co-pilot. 369 00:20:15,467 --> 00:20:18,467 It's sad that when JFK heard the news, he said, 370 00:20:18,633 --> 00:20:20,567 "And now the burden falls on me." 371 00:20:22,400 --> 00:20:25,066 Less than a month after Kennedy's tragic death, 372 00:20:25,233 --> 00:20:27,467 Canadian troops arrived at Mimoyecques 373 00:20:27,633 --> 00:20:31,100 and found it had been abandoned by the retreating Nazis. 374 00:20:31,266 --> 00:20:34,867 They also made another chilling discovery. 375 00:20:35,033 --> 00:20:39,000 The fortress had already been destroyed beyond repair 376 00:20:39,166 --> 00:20:41,900 by the earlier Tallboy bombing raid. 377 00:20:54,767 --> 00:20:57,700 Today, the upper level tunnels of Mimoyecques 378 00:20:57,867 --> 00:21:00,065 can be visited by the public. 379 00:21:00,066 --> 00:21:03,366 But the lower levels were so badly damaged, 380 00:21:03,367 --> 00:21:05,967 some of the secrets of Hitler's vengeance fortress 381 00:21:06,133 --> 00:21:07,667 will never be known. 382 00:21:28,567 --> 00:21:31,366 In a remote region of southern Spain, 383 00:21:31,367 --> 00:21:33,400 an isolated structure conceals 384 00:21:33,567 --> 00:21:37,166 a story of forbidden love and ruthless retribution. 385 00:21:41,400 --> 00:21:45,566 We're in this landscape of rugged hills and dusty plains. 386 00:21:45,567 --> 00:21:48,800 It feels like something more from the Wild West than Spain. 387 00:21:50,166 --> 00:21:53,466 It's an arid, barren place. 388 00:21:53,467 --> 00:21:56,667 Even in the best of times, eking out an existence here 389 00:21:56,834 --> 00:21:57,867 must have been hard. 390 00:21:59,066 --> 00:22:02,300 Yet signs of life reveal somebody settled 391 00:22:02,467 --> 00:22:04,367 in this unforgiving landscape. 392 00:22:05,467 --> 00:22:08,366 All the way out here, there's this structure. 393 00:22:08,367 --> 00:22:11,666 It's kind of hauntingly beautiful, standing alone 394 00:22:11,667 --> 00:22:14,266 against this vast, empty scenery. 395 00:22:16,367 --> 00:22:18,800 Walking around, you can see a lot of the rooms 396 00:22:18,967 --> 00:22:20,367 are just empty shells. 397 00:22:20,533 --> 00:22:23,500 It's hard to tell what this place once was. 398 00:22:24,667 --> 00:22:26,767 Then you start to see clues. 399 00:22:28,300 --> 00:22:32,100 With its bell tower and raised area inside for an altar, 400 00:22:32,266 --> 00:22:35,566 you quickly realize this was a church. 401 00:22:35,567 --> 00:22:39,066 You also get the feeling that this is a home. 402 00:22:39,233 --> 00:22:41,666 You've got the kitchen and the pantry, 403 00:22:41,667 --> 00:22:43,266 but apart from these details, 404 00:22:43,433 --> 00:22:46,066 many of the traces of whoever lived here 405 00:22:46,233 --> 00:22:47,867 have long since disappeared. 406 00:22:49,200 --> 00:22:52,600 In the beginning, this was a peaceful dwelling. 407 00:22:52,767 --> 00:22:57,166 It became the scene of a shameful crime of revenge. 408 00:22:58,166 --> 00:23:01,100 This place has been immortalized 409 00:23:01,266 --> 00:23:05,800 in books, in plays, and even Hollywood films. 410 00:23:07,367 --> 00:23:09,165 Grooms jilted at the altar, 411 00:23:09,166 --> 00:23:11,000 lovers fleeing in the night, 412 00:23:11,166 --> 00:23:12,400 violent confrontations... 413 00:23:12,567 --> 00:23:14,165 this story has it all. 414 00:23:14,166 --> 00:23:18,033 It's like the original telenovela. 415 00:23:20,467 --> 00:23:23,265 2 In the desolate plains of Almería, Spain, 416 00:23:23,266 --> 00:23:27,566 is a crumbling ruin that would become infamous. 417 00:23:27,567 --> 00:23:32,600 Miguel Jaume Mora is a guide in this arid region. 418 00:23:32,767 --> 00:23:34,666 Growing up as a child, I've heard 419 00:23:34,667 --> 00:23:37,367 so many stories about this place. 420 00:23:37,533 --> 00:23:39,400 The first time I came 421 00:23:39,567 --> 00:23:44,066 was roughly 17, 18 years ago, 422 00:23:44,233 --> 00:23:47,099 and I was so impressed, actually. 423 00:23:47,100 --> 00:23:49,767 Like many locals, Miguel was drawn 424 00:23:49,934 --> 00:23:51,165 to the tale of intrigue 425 00:23:51,166 --> 00:23:53,400 that unfolded within these walls. 426 00:23:54,667 --> 00:23:58,366 This building is well known all over the country 427 00:23:58,367 --> 00:24:01,400 for all its tragic happenings. 428 00:24:01,567 --> 00:24:06,000 It is a very important part of the local culture. 429 00:24:06,166 --> 00:24:10,100 It's a shame, actually, to see the state in which it is. 430 00:24:11,100 --> 00:24:13,265 Essentially, it's a kind of farm complex 431 00:24:13,266 --> 00:24:15,467 common in the south of Spain. 432 00:24:15,633 --> 00:24:18,999 It was originally built in the 1700s by Dominican monks, 433 00:24:19,000 --> 00:24:21,467 and that's why it has such an elaborate chapel. 434 00:24:21,633 --> 00:24:23,500 They were given the property 435 00:24:23,667 --> 00:24:27,000 because no one wanted to live here. 436 00:24:27,166 --> 00:24:30,000 Life here would have been very difficult. 437 00:24:30,166 --> 00:24:33,400 It was called the "Cortijo del Fraile", 438 00:24:34,500 --> 00:24:37,300 the "Farmhouse of the Friar". 439 00:24:37,467 --> 00:24:39,967 But in the mid 1830s, the government decides 440 00:24:40,133 --> 00:24:42,400 it's gonna take possession of many of the properties 441 00:24:42,567 --> 00:24:44,166 that were owned by the church. 442 00:24:44,333 --> 00:24:45,967 They sold it to raise money, 443 00:24:46,133 --> 00:24:48,800 and so the farm goes into private hands. 444 00:24:48,967 --> 00:24:51,466 For almost a century, the rhythms of life 445 00:24:51,467 --> 00:24:54,100 in this dusty outpost remained the same. 446 00:24:55,367 --> 00:24:58,466 Farmers growing and selling their produce, 447 00:24:58,467 --> 00:25:01,766 living in harmony with the seasons. 448 00:25:01,767 --> 00:25:04,100 But in the early 1900s, 449 00:25:04,266 --> 00:25:06,867 a new family arrived at the Cortijo. 450 00:25:07,367 --> 00:25:11,566 With them, came scandal and murder. 451 00:25:11,567 --> 00:25:13,666 One of the families that lived here, uh, 452 00:25:13,667 --> 00:25:16,000 was a widower with his daughters, 453 00:25:16,166 --> 00:25:17,667 Carmen and Francisca, 454 00:25:17,834 --> 00:25:20,000 who was known to everyone as "Paca". 455 00:25:22,200 --> 00:25:24,999 Paca was given a cruel nickname, 456 00:25:25,000 --> 00:25:26,266 "Paca la Coja," 457 00:25:26,433 --> 00:25:27,567 meaning "Paca the Lame". 458 00:25:28,800 --> 00:25:31,467 While the family blamed her limp on polio, 459 00:25:31,633 --> 00:25:33,666 it's said that the real story 460 00:25:33,667 --> 00:25:37,166 is her father beat her so badly as a baby, 461 00:25:37,333 --> 00:25:39,934 he permanently damaged her hip. 462 00:25:42,400 --> 00:25:46,600 Well, we're just in the house where Paca lived, 463 00:25:46,767 --> 00:25:48,866 here at the farm. 464 00:25:48,867 --> 00:25:51,567 This room was one of the bedrooms, 465 00:25:51,734 --> 00:25:54,900 and it could have actually been Paca's bedroom. 466 00:25:56,467 --> 00:25:59,700 Eventually, the elder sister, Carmen, 467 00:25:59,867 --> 00:26:02,667 got married and moved out of the Cortijo, 468 00:26:02,834 --> 00:26:06,300 and Paca grew increasingly close 469 00:26:06,467 --> 00:26:08,266 with her cousin, Francisco. 470 00:26:09,567 --> 00:26:14,767 She was in love with her cousin when they were children. 471 00:26:14,934 --> 00:26:16,767 The usual thing when they would play, 472 00:26:16,934 --> 00:26:20,566 "well, you're gonna be my boyfriend, 473 00:26:20,567 --> 00:26:23,800 and when we're older, we'll probably get married." 474 00:26:25,367 --> 00:26:27,667 But Paca's father paid no attention 475 00:26:27,834 --> 00:26:30,567 to her youthful infatuation, 476 00:26:30,734 --> 00:26:32,300 and in 1926, 477 00:26:32,467 --> 00:26:35,467 began looking for a suitable husband for her. 478 00:26:36,367 --> 00:26:39,666 Whoever she married would receive a generous payment, 479 00:26:39,667 --> 00:26:41,265 called a "dowry," 480 00:26:41,266 --> 00:26:43,600 and they would play an integral role 481 00:26:43,767 --> 00:26:45,900 in the running of the Cortijo. 482 00:26:46,066 --> 00:26:49,200 As it happened, Paca's sister came up with a plan 483 00:26:49,367 --> 00:26:50,866 for who she should marry. 484 00:26:50,867 --> 00:26:54,800 There was a local laborer named Casimiro. 485 00:26:54,967 --> 00:26:57,800 He just so happened to be her husband's brother. 486 00:26:57,967 --> 00:26:59,467 How convenient. 487 00:27:01,567 --> 00:27:05,666 It seems like this was all part of a sinister plan to marry 488 00:27:05,667 --> 00:27:08,165 her sister to someone inside the family 489 00:27:08,166 --> 00:27:09,467 that they could control. 490 00:27:10,667 --> 00:27:12,999 Carmen was very ambitious. 491 00:27:13,000 --> 00:27:15,967 She wanted to try to gather all the properties 492 00:27:16,133 --> 00:27:19,467 and get her husband to be the farmer 493 00:27:19,633 --> 00:27:23,300 that was in charge of this farm. 494 00:27:23,467 --> 00:27:27,766 Paca was completely unaware of her sister's cruel intentions, 495 00:27:27,767 --> 00:27:30,000 and agreed to the marriage. 496 00:27:30,166 --> 00:27:34,265 It was a decision that ended in tragedy. 497 00:27:34,266 --> 00:27:36,700 On the evening of the 22nd of July, 498 00:27:36,867 --> 00:27:39,265 the year 1928, 499 00:27:39,266 --> 00:27:42,066 is a reception of the wedding. 500 00:27:42,233 --> 00:27:45,800 The tradition at the time was to celebrate first, 501 00:27:45,967 --> 00:27:48,667 and then hold the wedding ceremony the following morning. 502 00:27:50,166 --> 00:27:54,400 All the guests started to arrive, and among these guests 503 00:27:54,567 --> 00:27:55,999 that were invited to the wedding, 504 00:27:56,000 --> 00:27:58,166 her cousin, Francisco. 505 00:27:59,000 --> 00:28:01,466 Francisco didn't come to celebrate. 506 00:28:01,467 --> 00:28:03,967 He was simply biding his time. 507 00:28:05,166 --> 00:28:07,800 Francisco seizes the opportunity, 508 00:28:07,967 --> 00:28:09,967 and he sneaks into her bedroom. 509 00:28:10,133 --> 00:28:12,099 He begs Paca to run away with him 510 00:28:12,100 --> 00:28:14,467 so that they can be married the next morning. 511 00:28:16,000 --> 00:28:17,566 She never... 512 00:28:17,567 --> 00:28:21,166 was in love with Casimiro. 513 00:28:21,333 --> 00:28:23,567 That's when she started to think about it. 514 00:28:23,734 --> 00:28:27,867 And she told Francisco, "It's now or never." 515 00:28:28,033 --> 00:28:31,000 And that's when they escaped 516 00:28:31,166 --> 00:28:34,667 through this passage to the stables. 517 00:28:34,834 --> 00:28:38,700 The lovers believe they will be long gone before anybody 518 00:28:38,867 --> 00:28:41,400 realizes what had happened, but they were wrong. 519 00:28:43,200 --> 00:28:45,567 Paca's sister and her husband, 520 00:28:45,734 --> 00:28:48,265 whose plan was going very badly now, 521 00:28:48,266 --> 00:28:50,467 also rode out into the desert, 522 00:28:50,633 --> 00:28:53,100 and it wouldn't be long before they found them. 523 00:28:58,867 --> 00:29:01,866 2 On July 23rd, 1928, 524 00:29:01,867 --> 00:29:04,999 an infamous wedding was set to take place. 525 00:29:05,000 --> 00:29:08,666 Paca, the bride to be, was not in love with the man 526 00:29:08,667 --> 00:29:10,700 she was arranged to marry, 527 00:29:10,867 --> 00:29:13,767 the brother of her sister's husband, Casimiro. 528 00:29:14,266 --> 00:29:17,666 Instead, she eloped with her cousin Francisco. 529 00:29:17,667 --> 00:29:20,500 Paca's sister, Carmen, was furious. 530 00:29:22,000 --> 00:29:25,700 She told her husband, José, and they got a horse 531 00:29:25,867 --> 00:29:27,667 and soon went chasing them. 532 00:29:29,467 --> 00:29:32,667 It's said that they hid behind some undergrowth 533 00:29:32,834 --> 00:29:33,967 as the lovers approached, 534 00:29:34,133 --> 00:29:36,500 and then they jumped out to confront them. 535 00:29:37,567 --> 00:29:40,200 José had a revolver. 536 00:29:40,367 --> 00:29:45,165 He brought it out and he just shot three times, three shots, 537 00:29:45,166 --> 00:29:47,366 and killed Francisco. 538 00:29:47,367 --> 00:29:52,999 And apparently, Carmen told José, 539 00:29:53,000 --> 00:29:56,567 "I'll be in charge of my sister." 540 00:29:56,734 --> 00:30:00,866 Carmen begins strangling her until... 541 00:30:00,867 --> 00:30:03,700 well, until she stops moving. 542 00:30:03,867 --> 00:30:07,567 The murderous couple fled the scene and left the bodies 543 00:30:07,734 --> 00:30:10,166 to be discovered by the other guests, out looking. 544 00:30:11,467 --> 00:30:14,166 They found Francisco dead on the floor, 545 00:30:14,333 --> 00:30:15,867 and Paca nearby, 546 00:30:16,033 --> 00:30:18,000 desperately clinging to life. 547 00:30:19,567 --> 00:30:23,900 At first, Paca was unwilling to reveal who had attacked her, 548 00:30:24,066 --> 00:30:27,100 fearing it would bring shame to the family. 549 00:30:27,266 --> 00:30:30,099 But she eventually identified the assailants 550 00:30:30,100 --> 00:30:33,566 to the authorities, and a trial date was set. 551 00:30:33,567 --> 00:30:36,667 Her sister Carmen was found guilty of attempted murder, 552 00:30:36,834 --> 00:30:40,099 but she served just 15 months in jail. 553 00:30:40,100 --> 00:30:43,866 Her husband, who killed Francisco, 554 00:30:43,867 --> 00:30:45,367 was sentenced to just 555 00:30:45,533 --> 00:30:47,867 eight years in prison for the murder. 556 00:30:49,000 --> 00:30:52,165 The events of that night were a media sensation. 557 00:30:52,166 --> 00:30:54,999 Newspapers across the country wrote about 558 00:30:55,000 --> 00:30:57,967 this horrific incident. 559 00:30:58,133 --> 00:31:01,000 The breathless coverage also caught the attention 560 00:31:01,166 --> 00:31:03,400 of a well-known Spanish author. 561 00:31:03,567 --> 00:31:07,767 It inspired one of his greatest works. 562 00:31:07,934 --> 00:31:12,265 Five years on, Federico García Lorca premiered his play, 563 00:31:12,266 --> 00:31:14,266 "Bodas de sangre", 564 00:31:14,433 --> 00:31:16,600 or "Blood Wedding." 565 00:31:16,767 --> 00:31:19,667 The play opens to nationwide acclaim 566 00:31:19,834 --> 00:31:22,265 and to this day it's performed around the world. 567 00:31:22,266 --> 00:31:25,000 And the story of the terrible events 568 00:31:25,166 --> 00:31:28,066 that took place on this farmstead are immortalized. 569 00:31:28,233 --> 00:31:31,266 Paca died in 1987. 570 00:31:31,433 --> 00:31:34,667 She refused to ever talk about what happened 571 00:31:34,834 --> 00:31:36,165 at this remote farm. 572 00:31:36,166 --> 00:31:38,200 She lived out her days as a recluse 573 00:31:38,367 --> 00:31:39,867 in a house near the Cortijo. 574 00:31:40,033 --> 00:31:41,666 She never married again, 575 00:31:41,667 --> 00:31:44,300 and it's said she wore black for the rest of her life, 576 00:31:44,467 --> 00:31:47,166 in mourning for her true love, Francisco. 577 00:31:53,600 --> 00:31:57,099 After the events of the blood wedding faded into the past, 578 00:31:57,100 --> 00:32:00,567 life at the Cortijo returned to normal. 579 00:32:00,734 --> 00:32:04,100 Yet, that all changed in the 1960s. 580 00:32:04,867 --> 00:32:07,166 This is the age of the Spaghetti Westerns, 581 00:32:07,333 --> 00:32:10,700 Western movies with Italian directors, great soundtracks, 582 00:32:10,867 --> 00:32:12,867 and they're filmed in Italy and Spain. 583 00:32:14,600 --> 00:32:19,800 Of all the Spaghetti Western directors, none is more famous 584 00:32:19,967 --> 00:32:25,866 than Sergio Leone and his iconic "Dollars" trilogy. 585 00:32:25,867 --> 00:32:29,099 The Cortijo would be chosen to play a key role 586 00:32:29,100 --> 00:32:30,500 in two of those movies, 587 00:32:30,667 --> 00:32:33,100 1965's "For a Few Dollars More" 588 00:32:33,266 --> 00:32:36,700 and "The Good, the Bad and the Ugly" in 1966, 589 00:32:36,867 --> 00:32:40,200 both starring Clint Eastwood. 590 00:32:40,367 --> 00:32:44,766 It's even said that the harsh Almería sun was so bright 591 00:32:44,767 --> 00:32:47,400 it forced Eastwood to keep his eyes half-closed, 592 00:32:47,567 --> 00:32:52,367 giving rise to that famous, intense, gimlet stare. 593 00:32:53,600 --> 00:32:57,165 But its fame couldn't save it from decay, 594 00:32:57,166 --> 00:33:01,100 and the abandoned farm slowly descends into ruin. 595 00:33:07,100 --> 00:33:12,265 On the Albanian coast stands the faded icon of an era 596 00:33:12,266 --> 00:33:15,467 ruled by Europe's most obscure dynasty. 597 00:33:19,200 --> 00:33:22,800 It's neither ancient nor modern. 598 00:33:22,967 --> 00:33:26,900 It could be, from some angles, a mid-century hotel, 599 00:33:27,066 --> 00:33:32,566 but it also has the aspect of kind of a Moorish palace. 600 00:33:32,567 --> 00:33:35,165 The inside is just as stunning. 601 00:33:35,166 --> 00:33:37,400 The ceilings are adorned with ornate plaster, 602 00:33:37,567 --> 00:33:41,400 and the staircases are solid marble. 603 00:33:41,567 --> 00:33:43,667 This was clearly built to impress. 604 00:33:44,867 --> 00:33:48,000 The man behind this hilltop citadel 605 00:33:48,166 --> 00:33:50,367 was infamous for his iron will, 606 00:33:50,867 --> 00:33:54,500 respected and feared in equal measure. 607 00:33:54,667 --> 00:33:56,500 He was considered a traitor, 608 00:33:56,667 --> 00:33:57,833 a dictator, 609 00:33:57,834 --> 00:34:01,100 and one of the most important politicians of the country 610 00:34:01,266 --> 00:34:03,400 during the 20th century. 611 00:34:03,567 --> 00:34:06,466 His extravagance and his hubris brought in great wealth. 612 00:34:06,467 --> 00:34:09,066 It's what built places like this. 613 00:34:09,233 --> 00:34:13,367 But with a spectacular rise comes a spectacular fall. 614 00:34:18,066 --> 00:34:20,866 Andi Penari is a state historian 615 00:34:20,867 --> 00:34:24,266 and expert on the period in Albanian history 616 00:34:24,433 --> 00:34:28,066 when one man revolutionized the country. 617 00:34:28,233 --> 00:34:30,500 I mean, mixed feelings in here, 618 00:34:30,667 --> 00:34:33,266 visiting the entrance of this beautiful villa, 619 00:34:34,266 --> 00:34:39,100 'cause it reminds us of a time when aristocracy and nobility 620 00:34:39,266 --> 00:34:43,867 managed to control the country. 621 00:34:44,033 --> 00:34:48,500 It belongs to the most powerful men of the period. 622 00:34:48,667 --> 00:34:51,766 In the early 20th century, Ahmed Zogolli 623 00:34:51,767 --> 00:34:57,265 was a regional governor in northern Albania. 624 00:34:57,266 --> 00:35:02,400 But his ambition stretched far beyond his home region. 625 00:35:02,567 --> 00:35:06,566 Starting especially from the end of the First World War, 626 00:35:06,567 --> 00:35:09,600 he became the Minister of Interior 627 00:35:09,767 --> 00:35:13,466 and slowly started to gain more and more power. 628 00:35:13,467 --> 00:35:19,967 But in 1924, Zogolli was ousted after a leftist revolt. 629 00:35:20,133 --> 00:35:21,999 He returned seven months later 630 00:35:22,000 --> 00:35:24,500 with the backing of a mercenary army 631 00:35:24,667 --> 00:35:27,100 and seized control of the country, 632 00:35:27,266 --> 00:35:30,467 later installing himself as president. 633 00:35:31,367 --> 00:35:33,667 But he was not an enlightened leader. 634 00:35:33,834 --> 00:35:36,265 He was a brutal semi-dictator. 635 00:35:36,266 --> 00:35:40,000 He had no qualms about killing off his political opponents. 636 00:35:40,166 --> 00:35:42,066 The power-hungry tyrant, 637 00:35:42,233 --> 00:35:44,900 who had by now changed his name to Zogu, 638 00:35:45,066 --> 00:35:47,999 was still not content. 639 00:35:48,000 --> 00:35:52,000 His dream was to be recognized as actual royalty. 640 00:35:55,867 --> 00:35:56,867 2 In the 1920s, 641 00:35:57,033 --> 00:36:00,265 Albania was ruled over by Ahmed Zogu 642 00:36:00,266 --> 00:36:02,466 with an iron fist. 643 00:36:02,467 --> 00:36:04,766 Yet he wanted to be much more 644 00:36:04,767 --> 00:36:07,265 than just the country's president. 645 00:36:07,266 --> 00:36:08,867 With plenty of enemies, 646 00:36:09,033 --> 00:36:10,967 Zogu realized that he wasn't gonna succeed 647 00:36:11,133 --> 00:36:12,666 without backing from abroad, 648 00:36:12,667 --> 00:36:15,366 and he found a willing partner in Mussolini's Italy. 649 00:36:16,633 --> 00:36:19,566 Mussolini saw Albania as a strategic asset 650 00:36:19,567 --> 00:36:20,699 in the Balkan region 651 00:36:20,700 --> 00:36:24,166 that could strengthen his own fascist dictatorship. 652 00:36:24,333 --> 00:36:27,099 He was happy to pour money into the country 653 00:36:27,100 --> 00:36:32,266 in exchange for influence over its economy and society. 654 00:36:32,433 --> 00:36:35,367 Zogu now had the support he needed 655 00:36:35,533 --> 00:36:38,967 to fulfill his despotic desire. 656 00:36:39,133 --> 00:36:43,099 In 1928, with Italian approval, 657 00:36:43,100 --> 00:36:47,100 Zogu refashioned the governance of the entire country 658 00:36:47,266 --> 00:36:51,867 and named himself Zog I, King of Albania. 659 00:36:53,800 --> 00:36:56,667 So he was the man who controlled 660 00:36:56,834 --> 00:36:57,967 almost everything. 661 00:36:58,967 --> 00:37:00,967 He even developed a Zogu salute, 662 00:37:01,133 --> 00:37:02,266 which was a flat hand 663 00:37:02,433 --> 00:37:04,100 placed at the chest with the palm down. 664 00:37:06,567 --> 00:37:09,700 Next, the newly crowned King Zog 665 00:37:09,867 --> 00:37:13,367 embarked on a series of costly building projects. 666 00:37:14,467 --> 00:37:17,800 This one was called the Royal Villa of Durrës. 667 00:37:19,467 --> 00:37:21,766 The palace was finished in 1937. 668 00:37:21,767 --> 00:37:23,866 It had Italian marble, 669 00:37:23,867 --> 00:37:25,800 elaborate plaster work, 670 00:37:25,967 --> 00:37:28,866 all the best finishings in art. 671 00:37:28,867 --> 00:37:31,700 The idea was a place for the royal family to come 672 00:37:31,867 --> 00:37:34,667 during the summer to escape the heat of the city. 673 00:37:35,767 --> 00:37:37,467 But trouble was brewing. 674 00:37:38,367 --> 00:37:41,367 Mussolini had loaned Albania in excess 675 00:37:41,533 --> 00:37:44,366 of approximately $20 million, 676 00:37:44,367 --> 00:37:47,265 worth around $400 million today. 677 00:37:47,266 --> 00:37:51,367 And he wanted to see a return on his investment. 678 00:37:52,567 --> 00:37:55,500 Mussolini wanted to exert more control, 679 00:37:55,667 --> 00:37:57,367 not just over the government, 680 00:37:57,533 --> 00:38:00,667 even over Albanian culture. 681 00:38:00,834 --> 00:38:03,967 They were even mandating that Italian be taught 682 00:38:04,133 --> 00:38:06,767 in Albanian schools, but the king refused. 683 00:38:08,767 --> 00:38:11,467 Mussolini became increasingly frustrated 684 00:38:11,633 --> 00:38:14,400 with Zog's refusal to comply. 685 00:38:14,567 --> 00:38:18,165 In April 1939, he ordered his troops 686 00:38:18,166 --> 00:38:20,466 to invade Albania. 687 00:38:20,467 --> 00:38:22,900 They landed a small military force, 688 00:38:23,066 --> 00:38:25,165 and after some minor resistance, 689 00:38:25,166 --> 00:38:27,466 quickly took over the country. 690 00:38:27,467 --> 00:38:30,867 This was a stunning fall from grace. 691 00:38:31,033 --> 00:38:32,999 Zog had created a monarchy 692 00:38:33,000 --> 00:38:36,666 out of sheer force of will and political power, 693 00:38:36,667 --> 00:38:39,567 but he was deposed and exiled 694 00:38:39,734 --> 00:38:41,400 by his greatest ally. 695 00:38:41,567 --> 00:38:45,000 King Zog would never again step foot in his homeland 696 00:38:45,166 --> 00:38:47,600 and live the rest of his life as an exile 697 00:38:47,767 --> 00:38:50,166 in England, Egypt, and France. 698 00:38:51,567 --> 00:38:53,200 After World War II, 699 00:38:53,367 --> 00:38:56,766 another political earthquake swept Albania 700 00:38:56,767 --> 00:38:59,866 when it was taken over by a communist regime 701 00:38:59,867 --> 00:39:02,400 that operated under the protective umbrella 702 00:39:02,567 --> 00:39:04,032 of the Soviet Union. 703 00:39:04,033 --> 00:39:07,999 A royal palace had no place in the new People's Republic, 704 00:39:08,000 --> 00:39:10,600 so it was repurposed as a civil government building. 705 00:39:12,100 --> 00:39:15,800 But when communism crumbled in the early 1990s, 706 00:39:15,967 --> 00:39:20,567 Albania's switch to democracy created a new set of problems. 707 00:39:21,367 --> 00:39:24,100 Zog's former palace would be drawn 708 00:39:24,266 --> 00:39:26,566 into the turmoil that followed. 709 00:39:26,567 --> 00:39:29,867 Like so many other previously communist countries, 710 00:39:30,033 --> 00:39:34,367 they didn't have the economic or legal infrastructure 711 00:39:34,533 --> 00:39:38,567 to really make the transition to free market capitalism. 712 00:39:38,734 --> 00:39:40,700 Corruption was everywhere. 713 00:39:40,867 --> 00:39:44,099 The rudimentary financial system was soon dominated 714 00:39:44,100 --> 00:39:45,199 by Ponzi schemes, 715 00:39:45,200 --> 00:39:49,066 and even government officials-backed pyramid schemes. 716 00:39:50,000 --> 00:39:54,100 The pyramid schemes quickly began to default on payments 717 00:39:54,266 --> 00:39:56,967 and declared themselves bankrupt. 718 00:39:57,133 --> 00:40:00,600 Almost overnight, hundreds of thousands of people 719 00:40:00,767 --> 00:40:03,367 saw their savings vanish. 720 00:40:03,533 --> 00:40:07,666 The government collapsed, and anarchy ensued. 721 00:40:07,667 --> 00:40:09,666 Protests spread like wildfire, 722 00:40:09,667 --> 00:40:11,766 and arms depots began to be looted 723 00:40:11,767 --> 00:40:14,099 across the country. 724 00:40:14,100 --> 00:40:17,667 One report estimates that every Albanian male 725 00:40:17,834 --> 00:40:19,700 from the age of 10 upwards 726 00:40:19,867 --> 00:40:22,867 had at least one firearm in their possession. 727 00:40:23,033 --> 00:40:25,867 This was absolute chaos. 728 00:40:26,033 --> 00:40:27,800 In the harbor below the villa, 729 00:40:27,967 --> 00:40:29,566 people streamed onto ships 730 00:40:29,567 --> 00:40:30,867 to flee the country. 731 00:40:31,800 --> 00:40:36,366 In March 1997, with Albania on the brink of civil war, 732 00:40:36,367 --> 00:40:40,000 the violent disorder reached King Zog's lavish villa. 733 00:40:40,867 --> 00:40:42,400 People came in, 734 00:40:42,567 --> 00:40:43,999 they took almost everything in here. 735 00:40:44,000 --> 00:40:46,900 There were poor people trying to steal 736 00:40:47,066 --> 00:40:48,366 to get some money. 737 00:40:48,367 --> 00:40:52,200 So after that, the villa was totally, let's say, abandoned. 738 00:40:52,367 --> 00:40:53,967 And it remains like this. 739 00:40:54,133 --> 00:40:55,567 When you see it, you feel sad. 740 00:40:55,734 --> 00:40:58,266 And you see that, yeah, we built it. 741 00:40:58,433 --> 00:41:00,066 We have destroyed it. 742 00:41:04,567 --> 00:41:07,600 Today, King Zog's villa sits neglected 743 00:41:07,767 --> 00:41:09,700 above a modernizing city. 744 00:41:09,867 --> 00:41:12,999 His family came back to Albania in 2002 745 00:41:13,000 --> 00:41:15,967 and later reclaimed the property. 746 00:41:16,133 --> 00:41:19,467 They then sold it to private owners in 2023. 747 00:41:20,967 --> 00:41:25,667 King Zog's grandson is the head of the royal family, 748 00:41:25,834 --> 00:41:29,100 but any return to power at this point seems pretty unlikely. 60291

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