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We're sending you back
to the future!
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00:00:03,882 --> 00:00:06,418
Why is time travel fun?
3
00:00:06,450 --> 00:00:07,886
Here we go.
4
00:00:07,918 --> 00:00:10,022
Because who doesn't
wonder about the past?
5
00:00:10,054 --> 00:00:12,623
Who doesn't wonder
about the future?
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00:00:12,656 --> 00:00:16,594
Somebody comes back from the
future to change what happened.
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00:00:16,627 --> 00:00:19,364
Are we basically in a movie
that's already been shot?
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00:00:19,397 --> 00:00:20,866
I'll be back.
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00:00:20,899 --> 00:00:23,001
Time travel stories
embrace the potential
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that we might open up
new timelines, new worlds,
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00:00:26,403 --> 00:00:29,308
and new possibilities
for ourselves as people.
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00:00:29,340 --> 00:00:34,879
That kind of imagination which
can see through everything.
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What are we always
trying to do when we
14
00:00:37,047 --> 00:00:38,474
tell stories
about time travel?
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00:00:38,490 --> 00:00:40,326
What I'm always trying to do
is to touch people
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00:00:40,359 --> 00:00:41,760
in the heart.
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00:00:41,792 --> 00:00:43,628
Today, I'm the age
you were when you left.
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00:00:43,661 --> 00:00:46,265
This would be a real good time
for you to come back.
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00:00:46,298 --> 00:00:49,135
If we can go any place
we want in time,
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00:00:49,167 --> 00:00:51,336
time is no longer our jailor.
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00:00:51,369 --> 00:00:56,808
Every second of our past
makes us who we are.
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00:00:56,841 --> 00:00:59,845
And the idea that we could
relive that or view it
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00:00:59,877 --> 00:01:01,579
from another perspective
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00:01:01,612 --> 00:01:06,585
is so human, and so spiritual, I
think that it touches everyone.
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00:01:40,818 --> 00:01:42,353
You've basically
covered just about
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00:01:42,386 --> 00:01:44,455
every base
in science fiction,
27
00:01:44,488 --> 00:01:49,494
from alien contact, monsters,
space travel, everything,
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00:01:49,527 --> 00:01:51,196
and you executive produced
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00:01:51,229 --> 00:01:52,797
the "Back To The Future"
series of films.
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00:01:52,830 --> 00:01:54,299
Series.
Yeah.
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00:01:54,333 --> 00:01:55,801
Do you think time
travel is possible?
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I asked Stephen Hawking
that one day,
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when I worked
with Errol Morris.
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00:01:58,803 --> 00:02:00,371
How many people
get to say that?
35
00:02:00,404 --> 00:02:01,906
But when I was working
with Errol Morris
36
00:02:01,940 --> 00:02:04,509
as his executive producer
on the documentary
37
00:02:04,543 --> 00:02:06,912
on Stephen Hawking's book,
"A Brief History of Time."
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00:02:06,945 --> 00:02:08,680
I asked Stephen Hawking
that question
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00:02:08,714 --> 00:02:10,949
because "Back To The Future"
just came out.
40
00:02:10,983 --> 00:02:12,785
And Stephen Hawking said
it's very possible
41
00:02:12,817 --> 00:02:13,719
to go into the future,
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00:02:13,752 --> 00:02:15,787
but impossible
to go back into the past.
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00:02:15,821 --> 00:02:19,758
Hey, we're time traveling now
at one minute per minute.
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00:02:19,791 --> 00:02:22,394
So he kind of was eluding
to the fact that everything in
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00:02:22,427 --> 00:02:24,495
"Back To The Future"
could never happen.
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00:02:24,529 --> 00:02:25,898
Couldn't really happen.
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00:02:28,866 --> 00:02:31,470
The classical idea
of a time machine in which
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you can go into it
at one point in time
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00:02:33,405 --> 00:02:35,741
and come back out the other side
at some other point in time,
50
00:02:35,774 --> 00:02:39,211
it's almost
certainly impossible.
51
00:02:43,749 --> 00:02:45,383
But what's beautiful
about filmmaking
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00:02:45,417 --> 00:02:48,454
is you don't have
to listen to the physicist.
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00:02:48,487 --> 00:02:50,388
Whether or not
time travel exists,
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00:02:50,422 --> 00:02:52,925
it speaks to that question
of free will, essentially.
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00:02:52,958 --> 00:02:54,326
That's the question
we're playing with
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00:02:54,358 --> 00:02:57,028
when we're playing
with time travel.
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00:02:57,061 --> 00:02:59,264
It opens up
all sorts of fascinating
58
00:02:59,298 --> 00:03:04,637
thought experiments about
how that might play out.
59
00:03:04,669 --> 00:03:06,405
In the summer of 1980,
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00:03:06,437 --> 00:03:08,473
I discovered my father's
high school yearbook
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00:03:08,507 --> 00:03:10,542
and that was where
the proverbial bolt
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00:03:10,574 --> 00:03:12,543
of lightning struck.
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00:03:12,577 --> 00:03:16,414
What if you could go to
high school with your dad?
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00:03:16,447 --> 00:03:18,549
And what if your mom went
to the same high school?
65
00:03:18,583 --> 00:03:19,918
Don't I know you
from somewhere?
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00:03:19,951 --> 00:03:22,821
Yes, I'm your density...
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00:03:22,853 --> 00:03:24,523
Who wouldn't want to be
a fly on the wall
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00:03:24,555 --> 00:03:26,625
on their parents'
first date, right?
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00:03:28,626 --> 00:03:31,562
So in "Back To The Future,"
a kid named Marty McFly
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00:03:31,596 --> 00:03:33,899
accidentally goes back in time,
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00:03:33,931 --> 00:03:36,768
and interferes with the event
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that made his parents meet
and fall in love.
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00:03:40,505 --> 00:03:43,007
So Marty has two problems.
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00:03:43,041 --> 00:03:45,644
One... he has to get
back to 1985,
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00:03:45,677 --> 00:03:48,479
but before he can do
that he has to make sure
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00:03:48,513 --> 00:03:50,983
that he puts the love affair
between his father
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00:03:51,015 --> 00:03:53,485
and his mother back on track.
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00:03:55,753 --> 00:03:59,324
Everybody has that
fantasy... time travel...
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00:03:59,358 --> 00:04:04,096
And I feel "Back To The Future"
just makes it so rich
80
00:04:04,128 --> 00:04:09,968
with possibility, with a kid,
this crazy guy, and a DeLorean!
81
00:04:10,000 --> 00:04:14,440
You know, I mean,
it's just, my God!
82
00:04:14,473 --> 00:04:16,608
So there have been time
travel stories in the past,
83
00:04:16,641 --> 00:04:19,044
such as Charles Dickens'
"A Christmas Carol,"
84
00:04:19,077 --> 00:04:22,014
in which Scrooge travels
by means of dream visions
85
00:04:23,045 --> 00:04:26,118
that allow him to visit the past
and the present and the future.
86
00:04:26,151 --> 00:04:29,621
In Mark Twain's "A Connecticut
Yankee In King Arthur's Court,"
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00:04:29,654 --> 00:04:31,356
our protagonist
is bonked on the head,
88
00:04:31,389 --> 00:04:34,392
and that's what returns him
to medieval England.
89
00:04:36,594 --> 00:04:38,363
We never bought that stuff.
90
00:04:38,396 --> 00:04:41,966
We wanted it to be scientific.
91
00:04:42,000 --> 00:04:46,771
It's gotta be via
a time machine of some sort.
92
00:04:46,805 --> 00:04:49,908
So, that would be some guy
who invented time travel
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00:04:49,940 --> 00:04:51,509
in his garage,
94
00:04:51,543 --> 00:04:55,581
and that of course is
Dr. Emmett L. Brown.
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00:04:55,613 --> 00:04:57,014
Doc?
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00:04:57,048 --> 00:04:58,851
Don't say a word!
97
00:04:58,884 --> 00:05:03,889
I just loved this Doc who is
feverishly trying to invent
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00:05:03,921 --> 00:05:06,457
everything he could
imagine inventing,
99
00:05:06,490 --> 00:05:09,094
and time travel of course
would be the ultimate.
100
00:05:09,127 --> 00:05:12,398
When this baby hits
88 miles per hour,
101
00:05:12,430 --> 00:05:15,099
you're going to see
some serious
102
00:05:15,132 --> 00:05:19,070
His excitement about
achieving that is incredible.
103
00:05:19,103 --> 00:05:20,705
I loved it.
104
00:05:20,738 --> 00:05:23,808
Mark. Action!
105
00:05:23,841 --> 00:05:26,178
Movies like "Back to the Future"
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00:05:26,211 --> 00:05:28,747
provide a kind of tutorial
about how paradoxes
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00:05:28,779 --> 00:05:30,448
are things you can play with.
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00:05:30,481 --> 00:05:33,184
Prior to this point in time,
somewhere in the past,
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00:05:33,218 --> 00:05:35,954
the time line skewed
into this tangent,
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00:05:35,986 --> 00:05:38,689
creating an alternate 1985.
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00:05:38,723 --> 00:05:41,160
It's necessary
for Doc to say it,
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00:05:41,192 --> 00:05:44,163
not just for the audience
to be caught up with the story,
113
00:05:44,195 --> 00:05:46,130
but because he's gotta say...
114
00:05:46,163 --> 00:05:47,966
"I've got to do this because of
this because if that happens,
115
00:05:47,998 --> 00:05:49,834
then you've got this going!"
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00:05:49,868 --> 00:05:51,103
Marty, whatever happens,
117
00:05:51,135 --> 00:05:52,703
you must not let
your other self see you.
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00:05:52,736 --> 00:05:54,972
The consequences
could be disastrous.
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00:05:55,005 --> 00:05:56,974
Excuse me, sir?
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00:05:57,007 --> 00:06:01,145
He's in total terror
that one mistake of judgment
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00:06:01,178 --> 00:06:05,082
and the whole cosmos
could collapse.
122
00:06:05,115 --> 00:06:08,219
This is the thing that every
writer always struggles with
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00:06:08,252 --> 00:06:09,887
in time travel stories.
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00:06:09,921 --> 00:06:12,957
If you go back in time
and something that you do
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00:06:12,990 --> 00:06:14,459
when you're back there,
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00:06:14,493 --> 00:06:16,094
causes the death
of your grandfather
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00:06:16,127 --> 00:06:19,531
before he has impregnated
your grandmother,
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00:06:19,563 --> 00:06:22,500
and you therefore
cease to exist.
129
00:06:22,533 --> 00:06:25,671
-Right.
-But if you cease to exist,
130
00:06:25,704 --> 00:06:27,573
then you weren't around
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00:06:27,606 --> 00:06:29,141
to get in the time machine
in the first place
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00:06:29,173 --> 00:06:31,709
and to go back
in time and do that.
133
00:06:31,743 --> 00:06:33,678
So what happens?
134
00:06:35,012 --> 00:06:36,882
They call it
the grandfather paradox.
135
00:06:36,915 --> 00:06:38,550
Now remember, according
to my theory
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you interfered with
your parents first meeting.
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00:06:40,118 --> 00:06:41,820
If they don't meet
they won't fall in love,
138
00:06:41,853 --> 00:06:43,555
they won't get married,
and they won't have kids.
139
00:06:43,587 --> 00:06:46,891
"Back To The Future" laid out
its rules so clearly,
140
00:06:46,925 --> 00:06:48,994
it effectively taught
the movie audience
141
00:06:49,026 --> 00:06:51,195
this is what happens
when you change the past,
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00:06:51,228 --> 00:06:54,832
this is what an alternate
timeline might look like.
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00:06:54,865 --> 00:06:56,634
There are also kind of
creepy questions like
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00:06:56,668 --> 00:06:58,136
what happens when
your mom falls in love
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00:06:58,168 --> 00:07:02,240
with you as a teenager...
146
00:07:02,274 --> 00:07:04,976
The most memorable piece
147
00:07:05,009 --> 00:07:08,813
is Marty's photograph
of himself from the '80s,
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00:07:08,846 --> 00:07:11,849
which he carries around
with him back into the '50s
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00:07:11,882 --> 00:07:15,820
and keeps looking at it to make
sure he's still in the picture.
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00:07:15,853 --> 00:07:17,990
Erased from existence.
151
00:07:18,022 --> 00:07:20,024
So the photograph itself
is obviously
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00:07:20,058 --> 00:07:21,726
incredibly paradoxical.
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00:07:21,759 --> 00:07:23,228
Because why would his brother
and sister be there
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00:07:23,260 --> 00:07:24,929
if his parents had never met?
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00:07:24,962 --> 00:07:26,697
And like, why would there
even have been a photograph
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00:07:26,731 --> 00:07:28,533
in the first place?
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00:07:28,567 --> 00:07:30,903
But nobody ever stops
to think about that,
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00:07:30,935 --> 00:07:34,673
because we've set up
this rule that says that
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00:07:34,706 --> 00:07:36,875
when Marty disappears
from this photo,
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00:07:36,908 --> 00:07:40,279
he's going to fade
out of existence.
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00:07:40,312 --> 00:07:43,315
It's a perfect dramatization
of the idea
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00:07:43,348 --> 00:07:47,151
of erasing yourself
from the timeline.
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00:07:47,185 --> 00:07:48,820
Time travel movies
sort of invent
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00:07:48,853 --> 00:07:52,190
whatever device will
create the best story.
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00:07:52,223 --> 00:07:55,227
"Back To The Future"
really set up a mousetrap
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to create the perfect
kind of suspense.
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00:08:13,911 --> 00:08:16,914
Time travel opens up
a lot of possibilities.
168
00:08:16,947 --> 00:08:18,250
So you can have
an alternate history,
169
00:08:18,283 --> 00:08:20,152
you can have
an alternate present.
170
00:08:20,185 --> 00:08:24,589
It allows us to change
a lot of different weird things
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00:08:24,622 --> 00:08:27,258
about our reality.
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00:08:27,291 --> 00:08:30,296
And the possibilities
are kind of limitless.
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00:08:34,168 --> 00:08:37,172
Why is so much of our fantasy,
you know our,
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00:08:37,205 --> 00:08:40,008
our imagination
in science fiction genre
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00:08:40,040 --> 00:08:41,909
taken up with this idea
of time travel?
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00:08:41,942 --> 00:08:43,312
Because we can't do it.
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00:08:43,345 --> 00:08:46,081
I think it is just wonderful
to see it on the screen
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00:08:46,114 --> 00:08:49,585
and imagine ourselves
being in that situation.
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00:08:49,617 --> 00:08:52,753
I would have loved
to be able to time travel.
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00:08:52,787 --> 00:08:55,190
I mean, imagine
to go back and say,
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00:08:55,222 --> 00:08:56,991
"I'm not going to do
'Hercules In New York.'"
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00:08:57,024 --> 00:08:58,760
My name is Hercules.
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00:08:58,793 --> 00:09:01,596
Hercules, Schmercules.
Give me the dough!
184
00:09:01,630 --> 00:09:03,298
I mean,
it's like, unbelievable.
185
00:09:03,331 --> 00:09:05,734
That's the thing
you want to go back and do?
186
00:09:05,766 --> 00:09:07,868
Not meet Jesus,
not kill Hitler.
187
00:09:07,901 --> 00:09:10,271
You want to go back
and fix that one movie.
188
00:09:10,304 --> 00:09:12,006
This haunts you.
189
00:09:12,039 --> 00:09:14,642
To go to kill Hitler or to go
and be back in the Roman days,
190
00:09:14,675 --> 00:09:16,711
it would be
really interesting
191
00:09:16,745 --> 00:09:17,913
to be able
to time travel.
192
00:09:17,946 --> 00:09:19,281
But the question is,
193
00:09:19,313 --> 00:09:21,248
If you can move
back and forth in time,
194
00:09:21,282 --> 00:09:23,385
do we have free will?
Right.
195
00:09:23,418 --> 00:09:26,020
Because "The Terminator" movies
are kind of about that.
196
00:09:26,053 --> 00:09:27,889
They're about free will.
197
00:09:27,922 --> 00:09:30,292
If somebody comes back
from the future
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00:09:30,324 --> 00:09:33,294
to change what happens
down there,
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00:09:33,327 --> 00:09:37,765
then are we just all puppets
of a time line?
200
00:09:37,798 --> 00:09:40,802
I have total faith in you
that you will figure it out.
201
00:09:49,010 --> 00:09:51,313
There's an interesting
theme in "The Terminator" about
202
00:09:51,346 --> 00:09:53,315
Can we change the past?
203
00:09:53,347 --> 00:09:56,984
Can we change the future?
204
00:09:57,018 --> 00:10:00,322
And what you see is the future
coming back to destroy the past.
205
00:10:00,355 --> 00:10:02,858
The Terminator coming back
to try to kill
206
00:10:02,890 --> 00:10:05,961
Sarah Connor also brings
back Kyle Reese...
207
00:10:08,362 --> 00:10:11,433
Who becomes the father
to John Connor
208
00:10:11,466 --> 00:10:15,671
and creates the leader
of humanity.
209
00:10:15,703 --> 00:10:19,274
The time machine was a mechanism
to put the Terminator
210
00:10:19,307 --> 00:10:23,879
and also Michael Biehn,
the soldier, into the past.
211
00:10:23,912 --> 00:10:28,950
That character was sent
by John Connor in the future
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00:10:28,982 --> 00:10:30,851
to go back in time
213
00:10:30,885 --> 00:10:34,356
to protect this girl
from the Terminator.
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00:10:34,389 --> 00:10:37,125
Once they're there,
then you have this chase,
215
00:10:37,158 --> 00:10:40,796
who's gonna rescue Sarah Connor
or is she gonna get killed?
216
00:10:43,197 --> 00:10:46,434
Science fiction is a great place
to ask is our destiny fixed?
217
00:10:46,467 --> 00:10:48,236
Or can we change it?
218
00:10:48,269 --> 00:10:49,837
I didn't do anything.
219
00:10:49,870 --> 00:10:51,439
No, but you will.
220
00:10:51,472 --> 00:10:54,208
The question is are we locked
into one series of events?
221
00:10:54,241 --> 00:10:56,111
Like, by the end
of the first film,
222
00:10:56,144 --> 00:10:57,979
you realize you're seeing
the creation myth
223
00:10:58,011 --> 00:11:02,450
of the thing they've gone back
to prevent in the first place.
224
00:11:02,484 --> 00:11:05,487
The 2nd film opens up
the possibility
225
00:11:05,519 --> 00:11:09,091
and Sarah Connor
speaks to it directly.
226
00:11:09,124 --> 00:11:11,259
Maybe that's not the universe
we're stuck in.
227
00:11:11,292 --> 00:11:13,061
Maybe the future isn't written.
228
00:11:13,093 --> 00:11:14,862
Sarah sticks a knife
in the table and says,
229
00:11:14,895 --> 00:11:17,131
"There's no fate
but what we make for ourselves."
230
00:11:17,164 --> 00:11:20,868
She's been told that
she can change the future.
231
00:11:20,901 --> 00:11:22,436
But is that just an illusion?
232
00:11:22,470 --> 00:11:25,207
Are we basically in a movie
that's already been shot?
233
00:11:25,240 --> 00:11:27,042
It's already rolled up
in the can someplace?
234
00:11:27,074 --> 00:11:28,876
That could be!
235
00:11:28,909 --> 00:11:30,846
You can play it forward and
backward as much as you want,
236
00:11:30,879 --> 00:11:32,147
but the ending
never changes?
237
00:11:32,179 --> 00:11:35,282
I think that we have control
over ourselves
238
00:11:35,316 --> 00:11:39,087
and I think that we have
the power to create changes.
239
00:11:39,120 --> 00:11:41,188
Your son gave me a message
to give to you.
240
00:11:41,221 --> 00:11:43,158
"The future is not set.
241
00:11:43,191 --> 00:11:45,360
You must survive
or I will never exist."
242
00:11:45,393 --> 00:11:47,162
The future is not set.
243
00:11:47,194 --> 00:11:49,363
You know, I mean that's...
That's kind of the line...
244
00:11:49,396 --> 00:11:50,831
The future's not set.
245
00:11:50,865 --> 00:11:52,868
And it can be altered.
246
00:11:52,900 --> 00:11:56,237
Should I tell you
about your father?
247
00:11:56,270 --> 00:11:58,906
If you don't send Kyle,
you can never be.
248
00:11:58,939 --> 00:12:03,077
The point that the film makes
is that you can change history.
249
00:12:03,111 --> 00:12:05,045
You can escape the Terminator.
250
00:12:05,078 --> 00:12:08,047
But time travel
is not about history
251
00:12:08,048 --> 00:12:09,784
and it's not about time travel,
252
00:12:09,817 --> 00:12:11,418
it's about
accepting responsibility
253
00:12:11,452 --> 00:12:15,524
for all the possibilities
in your own life.
254
00:12:15,557 --> 00:12:18,125
The idea of taking
the wrong turn
255
00:12:18,159 --> 00:12:20,394
and making
a correction later on,
256
00:12:20,428 --> 00:12:22,463
it's not a new idea
in science fiction.
257
00:12:22,496 --> 00:12:25,233
It's not even a new idea
in the movies.
258
00:12:27,968 --> 00:12:29,837
"Looper" is one where
you're essentially trying
259
00:12:29,870 --> 00:12:31,139
to not change the world,
260
00:12:31,172 --> 00:12:34,176
but change your world,
change your life.
261
00:12:37,111 --> 00:12:39,814
In "Looper," the
time traveler is a hit man.
262
00:12:39,847 --> 00:12:42,284
Wouldn't you know?
263
00:12:42,317 --> 00:12:44,186
He's a hit man played both
264
00:12:44,218 --> 00:12:48,222
by Joseph Gordon-Levitt
and Bruce Willis.
265
00:12:48,255 --> 00:12:50,058
When you agree to be a Looper,
266
00:12:50,091 --> 00:12:51,359
it's not a long-term job.
267
00:12:51,391 --> 00:12:52,993
There's not much
of a future in it.
268
00:12:53,026 --> 00:12:56,363
One day, you know
that your future self
269
00:12:56,396 --> 00:13:01,035
is going to show up
in front of you...
270
00:13:01,068 --> 00:13:04,839
and you're going to
have to shoot it.
271
00:13:04,872 --> 00:13:06,841
That's gonna be
his final hit.
272
00:13:06,875 --> 00:13:08,176
To kill himself.
273
00:13:08,208 --> 00:13:12,046
And he, and all of
the other loopers,
274
00:13:12,080 --> 00:13:13,381
enter into this bargain.
275
00:13:13,414 --> 00:13:14,982
And you have to do it.
276
00:13:16,014 --> 00:13:17,385
If you don't do it
it's a really big problem.
277
00:13:20,420 --> 00:13:24,091
The older one,
the Bruce Willis character,
278
00:13:24,125 --> 00:13:25,961
knows the whole story.
279
00:13:25,994 --> 00:13:28,463
But the younger one is learning
for the first time what's...
280
00:13:28,495 --> 00:13:30,064
What's going on.
281
00:13:30,097 --> 00:13:32,067
And he naturally
has a few questions.
282
00:13:32,100 --> 00:13:33,902
So do you know
what's gonna happen?
283
00:13:33,934 --> 00:13:36,404
I don't wanna talk about
time travel
284
00:13:36,437 --> 00:13:37,639
because if we start
talking about it
285
00:13:37,672 --> 00:13:39,207
then we're gonna
be here all day
286
00:13:39,240 --> 00:13:42,043
talking about it,
making diagrams with straws.
287
00:13:42,076 --> 00:13:44,880
Talking about time travel.
288
00:13:44,913 --> 00:13:47,515
It makes you go crazy.
289
00:13:47,548 --> 00:13:50,485
And the option of going
through a conversation like that
290
00:13:50,518 --> 00:13:55,322
with you at a younger age
would make you even crazier.
291
00:13:55,356 --> 00:13:57,158
Move, damnit.
292
00:13:57,191 --> 00:13:59,261
Time travel is a device that
293
00:13:59,293 --> 00:14:01,630
story is using to tell a story
about human nature
294
00:14:01,663 --> 00:14:04,966
and how humans
treat each other and why.
295
00:14:07,335 --> 00:14:08,928
Move.
296
00:14:13,640 --> 00:14:15,509
Then I saw it.
297
00:14:15,542 --> 00:14:18,746
If "Looper" is a
story about how violence
298
00:14:18,779 --> 00:14:21,615
perpetuates more violence,
to me, the lesson is
299
00:14:21,648 --> 00:14:24,785
that you just create more
problems and worse problems.
300
00:14:24,818 --> 00:14:29,023
I saw it...
and the path was a circle.
301
00:14:29,057 --> 00:14:32,027
It's kind of about
changing your own destiny.
302
00:14:32,060 --> 00:14:35,130
And it's kind of about
how your destiny
303
00:14:35,163 --> 00:14:39,200
is always being shaped by people
more powerful than yourself.
304
00:14:39,233 --> 00:14:45,073
And how do you really
get out of a dark cycle?
305
00:14:45,105 --> 00:14:49,410
The movie is pointing out
another way to end that cycle.
306
00:14:49,443 --> 00:14:52,179
So I changed it.
307
00:14:52,212 --> 00:14:53,781
It is an existential dilemma.
308
00:14:53,815 --> 00:14:57,719
A lot of time travel is
very philosophical in that way.
309
00:14:57,751 --> 00:15:02,623
Joe finally takes control
of his life by ending it.
310
00:15:04,172 --> 00:15:06,708
Why are we fascinated
by time travel?
311
00:15:06,742 --> 00:15:08,812
Well, you know people
very often ask me
312
00:15:08,845 --> 00:15:10,513
why am I interested
in time, I say,
313
00:15:10,546 --> 00:15:11,815
"Well, because
I've always lived in it."
314
00:15:11,848 --> 00:15:14,084
-Yeah, right.
-It's... I'm... we are.
315
00:15:14,117 --> 00:15:15,452
We feel very trapped in it.
316
00:15:15,484 --> 00:15:17,253
It's like, we try to
hang on to the moment.
317
00:15:17,286 --> 00:15:19,656
We take photographs
of everything, right?
318
00:15:19,688 --> 00:15:21,723
We desperately
want to hang on to
319
00:15:21,757 --> 00:15:24,861
this reality
and it recedes.
320
00:15:24,893 --> 00:15:26,763
What time travel allows us
to do is to say,
321
00:15:26,796 --> 00:15:28,665
"Okay, but what if
we could?
322
00:15:28,697 --> 00:15:30,699
What if we could
preserve that moment.
323
00:15:30,733 --> 00:15:33,503
What if we could revisit
that moment, genuinely?"
324
00:15:33,536 --> 00:15:35,138
Well, that's all science fiction
is about... What if?
325
00:15:35,171 --> 00:15:38,508
What if we could
travel through space,
326
00:15:38,541 --> 00:15:41,444
what if we could
travel through time?
327
00:15:46,548 --> 00:15:48,851
What makes
"Interstellar" so compelling
328
00:15:48,884 --> 00:15:52,388
is that the filmmakers
devised these turns of plot
329
00:15:52,421 --> 00:15:56,258
to create a real
classic family story
330
00:15:56,292 --> 00:15:58,862
with the deepest
possible emotions.
331
00:15:58,894 --> 00:16:00,696
Fundamentally,
"Interstellar" is about
332
00:16:00,729 --> 00:16:02,731
the human cost of time travel.
333
00:16:02,764 --> 00:16:05,567
It's a deeply and intensely
personal drama,
334
00:16:05,600 --> 00:16:07,403
and the story of what happens
335
00:16:07,436 --> 00:16:10,739
when a father is separated
from his child.
336
00:16:10,773 --> 00:16:12,274
I said stay!
337
00:16:12,307 --> 00:16:14,309
No, I'm coming back.
338
00:16:14,343 --> 00:16:15,578
When?
339
00:16:15,610 --> 00:16:17,346
Will he go and save humanity
340
00:16:17,379 --> 00:16:19,749
or will he stay
with his daughter instead?
341
00:16:19,782 --> 00:16:21,283
I mean, by the time
I get back, we...
342
00:16:21,316 --> 00:16:24,220
We might even
be the same age.
343
00:16:24,253 --> 00:16:25,854
Murph.
344
00:16:25,888 --> 00:16:27,724
You have no idea
when you're coming back?
345
00:16:30,859 --> 00:16:33,830
"Interstellar" projects
us into a near future
346
00:16:33,863 --> 00:16:36,699
in which the world has
gone through
347
00:16:36,731 --> 00:16:40,502
an enormous global catastrophe.
348
00:16:40,536 --> 00:16:42,472
Nelson's torching
his whole crop.
349
00:16:42,504 --> 00:16:43,840
Blight?
350
00:16:43,873 --> 00:16:46,709
They're saying it's the last
harvest for okra.
351
00:16:46,742 --> 00:16:48,178
Ever.
352
00:16:48,210 --> 00:16:50,879
I play Cooper's father-in-law.
353
00:16:50,912 --> 00:16:54,484
Matthew McConaughey plays
Cooper, a former astronaut,
354
00:16:54,517 --> 00:16:57,320
who by several turns of plot,
355
00:16:57,352 --> 00:17:00,455
goes shooting
into outer space.
356
00:17:00,488 --> 00:17:04,359
We've got to move to another
planet or we'll not survive.
357
00:17:07,230 --> 00:17:09,666
"Interstellar" is
an unusual time travel film
358
00:17:09,698 --> 00:17:11,935
because instead of building
a literal time machine
359
00:17:11,967 --> 00:17:13,969
and having it be
about an invention,
360
00:17:14,003 --> 00:17:16,472
it's about the way
time works in space,
361
00:17:16,504 --> 00:17:18,474
the way that it speeds up
or slows down
362
00:17:18,506 --> 00:17:23,345
depending on wormholes
and gravitational pull.
363
00:17:23,379 --> 00:17:24,847
I think there are
all sorts of different ways
364
00:17:24,879 --> 00:17:26,515
of looking
at time travel,
365
00:17:26,549 --> 00:17:28,585
and when I came
to do "Interstellar,"
366
00:17:28,618 --> 00:17:32,422
which is not a time travel movie
but has that element in it...
367
00:17:32,455 --> 00:17:34,857
It does fold time at the end.
It does.
368
00:17:34,889 --> 00:17:37,526
-You still approached it very rigorously.
-Yes.
369
00:17:37,560 --> 00:17:39,361
By going to some
of the top experts.
370
00:17:39,395 --> 00:17:42,532
It was a really fascinating
part of the process
371
00:17:42,564 --> 00:17:45,000
because Kip Thorne who was
one of the original...
372
00:17:45,033 --> 00:17:46,636
-Caltech I think.
-Caltech.
373
00:17:46,668 --> 00:17:49,839
And Kip is one
of the great minds in physics.
374
00:17:49,871 --> 00:17:53,475
What he taught me is
that once you can grasp
375
00:17:53,509 --> 00:17:55,945
those physical concepts
as concepts of astrophysics,
376
00:17:55,977 --> 00:17:59,849
they offer you
this great launching pad
377
00:17:59,881 --> 00:18:01,450
for story possibilities
378
00:18:01,484 --> 00:18:03,019
to do with relativity
and all these things.
379
00:18:03,052 --> 00:18:06,455
-Time dilation.
-Exactly.
380
00:18:06,488 --> 00:18:08,457
There are two forms
of time travel.
381
00:18:08,491 --> 00:18:10,660
There's the time travel
that is probably impossible
382
00:18:10,693 --> 00:18:12,427
and that's going backwards.
383
00:18:12,461 --> 00:18:15,330
Then you have time travel,
which is not only possible,
384
00:18:15,363 --> 00:18:18,867
but already a feature
of our world,
385
00:18:18,900 --> 00:18:22,804
which is time dilation forwards.
386
00:18:22,838 --> 00:18:25,774
In science, there's this
thing called the "twin paradox,"
387
00:18:25,808 --> 00:18:28,278
which basically says that
if my twin gets in a spaceship
388
00:18:28,311 --> 00:18:30,713
and goes traveling at,
near to the speed of light,
389
00:18:30,745 --> 00:18:32,581
and then returns to Earth,
390
00:18:32,615 --> 00:18:34,550
when my twin gets back
to Earth, my twin
391
00:18:34,582 --> 00:18:36,819
will be younger than I am.
392
00:18:36,851 --> 00:18:39,554
That's a form of time travel.
393
00:18:39,588 --> 00:18:43,292
And that is actually
brilliantly illustrated
394
00:18:43,325 --> 00:18:44,693
in the movie "Interstellar."
395
00:18:44,726 --> 00:18:46,728
Go, go, go, go, go.
396
00:18:46,762 --> 00:18:51,301
Seven years per hour here.
Let's make it count.
397
00:18:51,333 --> 00:18:54,504
"Interstellar" explored,
in the most advanced way,
398
00:18:54,536 --> 00:18:56,505
how time travel
really might work.
399
00:18:56,539 --> 00:18:58,641
When they go
to the water planet,
400
00:18:58,674 --> 00:19:02,011
time works differently.
401
00:19:02,043 --> 00:19:03,879
They come back to their ship,
402
00:19:03,913 --> 00:19:06,983
and the guy who stayed
on the ship has grown old.
403
00:19:07,015 --> 00:19:09,819
I've waited years.
404
00:19:09,851 --> 00:19:13,488
How...
How many years?
405
00:19:13,522 --> 00:19:15,325
By now it must be...
406
00:19:15,358 --> 00:19:19,462
23 years, 4 months, 8 days.
407
00:19:19,494 --> 00:19:21,697
"Interstellar" suggests that
time travel will always
408
00:19:21,731 --> 00:19:23,433
have a certain kind of tradeoff.
409
00:19:23,465 --> 00:19:26,335
So on the one hand,
the scientist's ability
410
00:19:26,369 --> 00:19:30,572
to travel through space and time
is essential to saving humanity,
411
00:19:30,606 --> 00:19:32,542
but the fact that he has to go
on this journey
412
00:19:32,574 --> 00:19:34,811
in the first place, and to be
separated from his daughter
413
00:19:34,843 --> 00:19:39,614
for most of her natural life,
suggests the very real cost.
414
00:19:39,648 --> 00:19:43,086
Hey, Dad.
415
00:19:43,119 --> 00:19:44,887
Hey, Murph.
416
00:19:44,919 --> 00:19:46,888
You son of a bitch.
417
00:19:46,921 --> 00:19:53,028
There are moments when Matthew
is allowed to see his daughter,
418
00:19:53,061 --> 00:19:55,063
by, video stream.
419
00:19:55,097 --> 00:19:57,667
It's absolutely heartbreaking.
420
00:19:57,699 --> 00:19:59,936
You once told me
that when you came back,
421
00:19:59,968 --> 00:20:03,672
we might be the same age.
422
00:20:03,705 --> 00:20:07,609
And today, I'm the age
you were when you left.
423
00:20:09,677 --> 00:20:13,448
This might be a real good time
for you to come back.
424
00:20:13,482 --> 00:20:16,052
People talk about,
"My kid was born, and I blinked,
425
00:20:16,084 --> 00:20:18,854
and then I sent them
off to college."
426
00:20:18,888 --> 00:20:20,956
The movie is literally
about that.
427
00:20:23,426 --> 00:20:26,928
The sacrifices that go along
with whatever it is
428
00:20:26,962 --> 00:20:29,465
that you've given your life to,
429
00:20:29,497 --> 00:20:32,734
at the expense of these moments
with your family,
430
00:20:32,767 --> 00:20:36,738
which I think is the very
poetic part of "Interstellar."
431
00:20:36,772 --> 00:20:40,943
So if "Interstellar" explores
the human cost of time travel,
432
00:20:40,975 --> 00:20:44,045
"Primer" does something
very similar,
433
00:20:44,079 --> 00:20:46,682
but it does so
in a different way.
434
00:20:46,715 --> 00:20:48,784
We have two everyday engineers
435
00:20:48,818 --> 00:20:52,455
who accidentally
create time travel.
436
00:20:52,487 --> 00:20:54,657
Anything?
437
00:20:54,689 --> 00:20:56,725
-Is this normal?
-I don't know.
438
00:20:56,759 --> 00:20:59,929
Some people think
it's the most credible,
439
00:20:59,962 --> 00:21:03,433
complicated,
time travel movie.
440
00:21:03,465 --> 00:21:06,468
It's done on a very low budget.
441
00:21:06,502 --> 00:21:08,937
Do you know who directed that?
442
00:21:08,971 --> 00:21:10,205
Shane Carruth.
443
00:21:10,238 --> 00:21:12,073
He's in it, he's lovely in it.
444
00:21:12,107 --> 00:21:14,911
What's it doing?
445
00:21:14,944 --> 00:21:17,513
I don't know
if I'm making it up...
446
00:21:17,545 --> 00:21:18,747
These two guys, Abe and Aaron,
447
00:21:18,781 --> 00:21:20,950
keep investigating
this phenomenon.
448
00:21:20,983 --> 00:21:24,052
There's this weird
anomaly that shows up.
449
00:21:26,088 --> 00:21:28,124
What they finally realize
is that they have
450
00:21:28,157 --> 00:21:30,592
created a space
451
00:21:30,626 --> 00:21:33,629
that you can travel
through time in.
452
00:21:33,661 --> 00:21:36,932
So they take this,
and create a bigger box,
453
00:21:36,965 --> 00:21:40,969
big enough for a human to be in.
454
00:21:41,003 --> 00:21:43,138
When they do this,
they use it for really mundane
455
00:21:43,171 --> 00:21:44,873
and very human purposes.
456
00:21:44,907 --> 00:21:47,909
One uses it
to play the stock market.
457
00:21:47,943 --> 00:21:50,146
And time travel ends up
pulling the friends apart.
458
00:21:50,178 --> 00:21:51,714
I just want to know
what box you used.
459
00:21:51,746 --> 00:21:53,483
You built the one for you,
right? Just the one?
460
00:21:53,515 --> 00:21:54,850
Yeah.
How many do you think I made?
461
00:21:54,884 --> 00:21:56,586
They are suspicious
of each other
462
00:21:56,619 --> 00:21:57,919
and they're also
deceiving each other
463
00:21:57,953 --> 00:22:00,189
because something
about going back in time
464
00:22:00,222 --> 00:22:01,624
affects their brain,
465
00:22:01,657 --> 00:22:04,461
and they do start
losing their minds.
466
00:22:07,196 --> 00:22:09,764
Like many other movies,
"Primer" does indeed suggest
467
00:22:09,798 --> 00:22:11,734
that there is a cost
to time travel,
468
00:22:11,766 --> 00:22:14,669
and in this case the cost
is both emotional and physical.
469
00:22:14,703 --> 00:22:17,706
What's on your hand?
Are you bleeding?
470
00:22:17,740 --> 00:22:20,142
So when we start seeing
our characters show up,
471
00:22:20,175 --> 00:22:21,744
and they've got,
you know, bloody ears,
472
00:22:21,776 --> 00:22:23,812
and they lose
the ability to write,
473
00:22:23,846 --> 00:22:26,715
their right-handed writing looks
like their left-handed writing,
474
00:22:26,748 --> 00:22:28,783
there's something
going on mentally that
475
00:22:28,817 --> 00:22:31,154
they are paying
the price with.
476
00:22:34,822 --> 00:22:37,826
The time-travel story,
it's a kind of Faustian tale.
477
00:22:37,859 --> 00:22:39,928
The bargain with the devil.
478
00:22:39,962 --> 00:22:41,664
Everything is a barter.
479
00:22:41,696 --> 00:22:43,832
If you sell
your soul to the devil,
480
00:22:43,866 --> 00:22:47,302
you can have everything
you ever dreamed of.
481
00:22:47,336 --> 00:22:50,940
But eventually
you pay the piper.
482
00:22:52,070 --> 00:22:54,505
Who doesn't wonder
about the past?
483
00:22:54,538 --> 00:22:56,006
Who doesn't wonder
about the future?
484
00:22:56,040 --> 00:22:58,476
How many times has that game
been played, you know,
485
00:22:58,508 --> 00:23:01,679
if you could go back
in time, where would you go?
486
00:23:01,713 --> 00:23:04,983
Can you remember the first time
you ever heard of time travel?
487
00:23:05,015 --> 00:23:07,584
"I think ancient Greeks
must have had time travel.
488
00:23:07,618 --> 00:23:09,954
Isn't there some time travel
thing in Shakespeare?"
489
00:23:09,986 --> 00:23:11,989
Right?
But there isn't.
490
00:23:12,023 --> 00:23:16,861
Time travel is new.
Time travel is a new idea.
491
00:23:16,893 --> 00:23:20,832
Before H.G. Wells,
it didn't exist.
492
00:23:23,434 --> 00:23:26,771
What Wells gave the time
travel story was the machine.
493
00:23:26,803 --> 00:23:28,572
The idea that somebody
could build a machine
494
00:23:28,605 --> 00:23:31,909
that would do for time what
rocket ships would do for space.
495
00:23:31,943 --> 00:23:34,346
And the idea was just
irresistible.
496
00:23:34,379 --> 00:23:38,483
It's literally true that
the words "time" and "travel"
497
00:23:38,515 --> 00:23:43,354
in English were never
used together before H.G. Wells
498
00:23:43,388 --> 00:23:46,524
invented this character
that he called...
499
00:23:46,556 --> 00:23:48,693
The Time Traveller.
500
00:24:08,946 --> 00:24:13,618
My grandfather, H.G. Wells,
wrote that in 1895.
501
00:24:15,652 --> 00:24:20,391
This is a first edition
of "The Time Machine."
502
00:24:20,425 --> 00:24:22,894
Firstly, he was writing
anything he could sell.
503
00:24:22,927 --> 00:24:24,629
The novels that we now know,
504
00:24:24,661 --> 00:24:26,563
which are these great
science-fiction novels,
505
00:24:26,597 --> 00:24:29,534
came after he'd spent years
writing as a journalist,
506
00:24:29,566 --> 00:24:32,870
but there was an enormous amount
of kind of revolutionary science
507
00:24:32,903 --> 00:24:34,571
going on at the time.
508
00:24:34,604 --> 00:24:37,674
Darwin was talking about
the history of human life
509
00:24:37,707 --> 00:24:42,647
in terms of millions
and billions of years.
510
00:24:42,679 --> 00:24:45,015
Archaeologists were doing
the same thing.
511
00:24:45,049 --> 00:24:50,955
Humanity was developing a longer
view of time than ever before.
512
00:24:50,987 --> 00:24:52,423
When I speak of time,
gentlemen,
513
00:24:52,457 --> 00:24:55,193
I'm referring to
the fourth dimension.
514
00:24:55,226 --> 00:24:57,161
H.G. Wells, "The Time Machine,"
515
00:24:57,195 --> 00:24:59,864
his character
goes forward in time,
516
00:24:59,897 --> 00:25:02,534
no problem there.
517
00:25:02,566 --> 00:25:06,570
Going back in time...
Entirely different thing.
518
00:25:06,603 --> 00:25:08,439
If you go back in time,
then you start running
519
00:25:08,473 --> 00:25:10,809
into all sorts of issues
with causality.
520
00:25:10,841 --> 00:25:14,579
And that's the view
that's expressed in the phrase,
521
00:25:14,611 --> 00:25:16,180
the butterfly effect.
522
00:25:16,214 --> 00:25:20,585
A tiny change, a tiny
perturbation in a complex system
523
00:25:20,618 --> 00:25:24,589
can have enormous and
unpredictable consequences
524
00:25:24,621 --> 00:25:26,224
in a fairly short time.
525
00:25:26,256 --> 00:25:28,459
And it starts with
526
00:25:28,493 --> 00:25:30,962
"A Sound of Thunder"
by Ray Bradbury.
527
00:25:33,630 --> 00:25:35,533
The basic idea
of the story is that you can
528
00:25:35,565 --> 00:25:37,101
travel back in time,
but you're going to be
529
00:25:37,133 --> 00:25:40,537
on this suspended platform
and you can shoot a dinosaur
530
00:25:40,571 --> 00:25:42,173
but it has to be one
that was going to die anyway,
531
00:25:42,206 --> 00:25:45,009
so that you don't change
anything in the future.
532
00:25:45,042 --> 00:25:49,481
And this fairly arrogant
game hunter steps off
533
00:25:49,514 --> 00:25:53,051
and kills a butterfly...
534
00:25:53,083 --> 00:25:54,952
And comes back and his future
has turned into
535
00:25:54,986 --> 00:25:57,789
this kind of dystopian version
of his own world
536
00:25:57,822 --> 00:26:01,091
that he barely recognizes.
537
00:26:01,124 --> 00:26:03,760
Bradbury creates
these deep metaphors
538
00:26:03,793 --> 00:26:05,630
that give shape
to a lot of the way
539
00:26:05,662 --> 00:26:07,231
I think people have subsequently
540
00:26:07,265 --> 00:26:09,199
understood ideas
like time travel.
541
00:26:09,233 --> 00:26:13,037
If you change
a butterfly in the past,
542
00:26:13,070 --> 00:26:16,541
the entire future
might be different.
543
00:26:16,573 --> 00:26:18,909
When writers
of time travel stories
544
00:26:18,943 --> 00:26:20,645
consider the logical
implications
545
00:26:20,678 --> 00:26:22,013
of everything that happens,
546
00:26:22,045 --> 00:26:26,617
they get tied up
in these paradoxes.
547
00:26:26,650 --> 00:26:30,522
Robert Heinlein is the
first writer to get the pleasure
548
00:26:30,554 --> 00:26:32,923
and peculiarity
of time travel paradoxes
549
00:26:32,924 --> 00:26:35,793
and how they can be exploited
again and again and again.
550
00:26:35,825 --> 00:26:38,262
He sees that the problem
with time travel stories
551
00:26:38,295 --> 00:26:41,064
isn't a problem,
it's an opportunity.
552
00:26:41,098 --> 00:26:43,167
He wrote stories like
"All You Zombies,"
553
00:26:43,199 --> 00:26:45,569
which has nothing to do
with zombies, by the way,
554
00:26:45,602 --> 00:26:49,806
but it has to do with probably
the most completely confusing
555
00:26:49,840 --> 00:26:54,646
and delightful science fiction
time paradox story there is,
556
00:26:54,678 --> 00:26:57,180
which was made into
the film "Predestination."
557
00:26:57,214 --> 00:26:59,817
I can do this,
I can change my past.
558
00:26:59,850 --> 00:27:02,286
Yes, you can.
559
00:27:02,320 --> 00:27:05,557
Have you ever thought
about changing yours?
560
00:27:05,590 --> 00:27:07,091
I never deviate
from the mission.
561
00:27:07,123 --> 00:27:10,928
Predestination is about
an intersex time traveler
562
00:27:10,961 --> 00:27:13,964
who starts life
as a woman...
563
00:27:13,997 --> 00:27:17,568
Is forced into gender
reassignment, becomes a man.
564
00:27:17,601 --> 00:27:20,838
That man then travels
back in time,
565
00:27:20,870 --> 00:27:24,742
falls in love
with his female self,
566
00:27:24,774 --> 00:27:26,878
that female self
then has a child
567
00:27:26,910 --> 00:27:29,813
which ends up being
the creation of themselves.
568
00:27:29,847 --> 00:27:32,350
So it's an intersex
time-traveling
569
00:27:32,382 --> 00:27:37,054
incest love story.
570
00:27:37,088 --> 00:27:39,991
And in fact "Playboy"
magazine rejected the story
571
00:27:40,024 --> 00:27:43,026
because all the sex
made the editor queasy,
572
00:27:43,060 --> 00:27:45,129
the editor of "Playboy."
573
00:27:45,161 --> 00:27:47,765
Well, I think it had to
do with the idea of having sex
574
00:27:47,797 --> 00:27:49,866
with yourself
to create yourself,
575
00:27:49,899 --> 00:27:51,201
which is kind of crazy
576
00:27:51,235 --> 00:27:53,103
that "Playboy"
would have an issue
577
00:27:53,137 --> 00:27:54,639
with something like that.
578
00:27:54,671 --> 00:27:57,174
But it was 1959.
579
00:27:59,909 --> 00:28:01,345
Well, it's the age-old
question...
580
00:28:01,379 --> 00:28:03,880
Which came first
the chicken or the egg?
581
00:28:03,913 --> 00:28:05,282
Yeah.
We say the rooster.
582
00:28:05,315 --> 00:28:07,751
Some things
are predestined, right?
583
00:28:07,784 --> 00:28:10,088
I made you who you are,
you made me who I am,
584
00:28:10,120 --> 00:28:11,622
it's a paradox, right?
585
00:28:11,656 --> 00:28:14,826
But it can be para-doctored!
586
00:28:14,859 --> 00:28:18,129
We've had time travel
in science fiction movies
587
00:28:18,161 --> 00:28:21,899
for most of the 20th century,
so I guess the question is why?
588
00:28:21,931 --> 00:28:25,168
Well, because what you're doing
is exploring possible futures.
589
00:28:25,201 --> 00:28:27,704
You're exploring the decisions
that we make now.
590
00:28:27,737 --> 00:28:31,341
It enables us to imagine
what the future will be like
591
00:28:31,374 --> 00:28:34,244
or what the past would be like
if we interacted with it.
592
00:28:34,277 --> 00:28:38,216
It's incredibly important way
of exploring potential futures.
593
00:28:38,248 --> 00:28:41,251
The future is now.
594
00:28:44,008 --> 00:28:46,844
So many science fiction
movies are about these brilliant
595
00:28:46,878 --> 00:28:52,684
scientists and astrophysicists,
biologists.
596
00:28:52,717 --> 00:28:55,786
And "Bill And Ted's
Excellent Adventure" is not.
597
00:28:55,820 --> 00:28:57,923
No way!
598
00:28:57,956 --> 00:28:59,625
Yes, way Ted!
599
00:29:00,925 --> 00:29:03,794
In a way, "Bill & Ted"
becomes important
600
00:29:03,828 --> 00:29:06,632
just because it's so different
from everything else.
601
00:29:06,665 --> 00:29:08,734
It makes you think
what is wrong with us,
602
00:29:08,766 --> 00:29:11,003
the people writing these films,
if we can't imagine
603
00:29:11,035 --> 00:29:13,337
the future
as anything but awful?
604
00:29:13,371 --> 00:29:15,640
Two dudes can be
the heroes, man.
605
00:29:15,673 --> 00:29:16,874
Ready Ted?
606
00:29:16,908 --> 00:29:18,677
Ready Bill?
607
00:29:18,709 --> 00:29:21,345
Let's go back
into history!
608
00:29:21,379 --> 00:29:26,284
Alex Winter and I became
Bill and Ted.
609
00:29:26,317 --> 00:29:30,488
Bill S. Preston, Esquire,
Ted Theodore Logan.
610
00:29:30,522 --> 00:29:32,724
Excellent!
611
00:29:32,756 --> 00:29:34,558
Bill and Ted are idiots.
612
00:29:34,592 --> 00:29:37,028
And our teacher tells us that if
we don't pass our history exam
613
00:29:37,062 --> 00:29:39,063
we're going to fail
out of school.
614
00:29:39,096 --> 00:29:40,731
The lady in that car
over there said
615
00:29:40,765 --> 00:29:44,436
that Marco Polo
was in the year 1275.
616
00:29:44,468 --> 00:29:46,772
So it's not just
a water sport. I knew it.
617
00:29:46,804 --> 00:29:49,940
If they fail Ted's dad is going
to send him to military school,
618
00:29:49,974 --> 00:29:51,543
and if they're
separated their band
619
00:29:51,575 --> 00:29:54,746
will never form
and save the world.
620
00:29:56,413 --> 00:29:58,015
Someone from the future
shows up and says,
621
00:29:58,048 --> 00:29:59,517
"We're going to help you."
622
00:29:59,551 --> 00:30:02,087
Do you know when
the Mongols ruled China?
623
00:30:02,120 --> 00:30:04,622
Perhaps we can ask them.
624
00:30:06,791 --> 00:30:08,927
Bill and Ted of course
can accept everything.
625
00:30:08,959 --> 00:30:11,697
Dudes, you guys are going
to go back in time!
626
00:30:11,729 --> 00:30:13,464
-Yeah!
-They're kind of like
627
00:30:13,497 --> 00:30:19,071
these modern fools, of kind of
an eternal optimism.
628
00:30:19,103 --> 00:30:21,505
We had a funny moment,
Chris Matheson and I,
629
00:30:21,538 --> 00:30:24,008
when we wrote it
we were not involved
630
00:30:24,042 --> 00:30:25,610
in the casting of the film,
631
00:30:25,642 --> 00:30:29,480
and didn't know who
would play Bill and Ted.
632
00:30:29,514 --> 00:30:31,515
We had flown to Arizona where
we were shooting the movie
633
00:30:31,548 --> 00:30:34,051
and we were at
a McDonald's in line,
634
00:30:34,084 --> 00:30:36,121
and we saw a couple
of kids in front of us
635
00:30:36,153 --> 00:30:38,022
and goofing off
and we were like,
636
00:30:38,055 --> 00:30:39,591
"Those are the guys,
637
00:30:39,623 --> 00:30:41,492
that's who should be playing
Bill and Ted!"
638
00:30:41,525 --> 00:30:44,996
And later on that day
we met Keanu and Alex
639
00:30:45,028 --> 00:30:46,765
and those were the guys
that were in front of us
640
00:30:46,797 --> 00:30:51,035
at McDonald's and we were like,
"That's perfect."
641
00:30:51,069 --> 00:30:53,038
And you know of course
we are bequeathed
642
00:30:53,071 --> 00:30:55,907
a time traveling phone booth
by George Carlin
643
00:30:55,939 --> 00:30:59,378
and set upon a mission
through spacetime.
644
00:30:59,410 --> 00:31:01,446
We collect all the various
characters from history
645
00:31:01,478 --> 00:31:02,980
because that would be
the most awesome report
646
00:31:03,014 --> 00:31:04,882
you could have would be
to actually have the real
647
00:31:04,916 --> 00:31:06,985
people there.
648
00:31:07,017 --> 00:31:08,919
We love toying
with all these paradoxes.
649
00:31:08,953 --> 00:31:12,657
And one of my favorite parts
of the "Bill & Ted" movie
650
00:31:12,689 --> 00:31:15,526
is when all the historical
figures are in jail
651
00:31:15,560 --> 00:31:16,794
and they can't get out.
652
00:31:16,828 --> 00:31:18,563
Can we get
your dad's keys?
653
00:31:18,595 --> 00:31:20,865
Could steal 'em!
Good thinking dude!
654
00:31:20,899 --> 00:31:23,702
After the report we'll time
travel back to two days ago,
655
00:31:23,735 --> 00:31:27,973
steal your dad's keys
and leave them here.
656
00:31:28,005 --> 00:31:29,440
See?!
657
00:31:29,474 --> 00:31:30,909
Yeah!
658
00:31:30,941 --> 00:31:32,777
So after the report
we can't forget to do this
659
00:31:32,811 --> 00:31:34,446
otherwise it won't happen.
660
00:31:34,478 --> 00:31:37,415
Ted is like connecting
to his future self
661
00:31:37,448 --> 00:31:38,883
through his present self to know
662
00:31:38,917 --> 00:31:40,819
where his future self
will want to hide the keys
663
00:31:40,852 --> 00:31:43,822
because the future self already
knows what the past self did,
664
00:31:43,854 --> 00:31:46,791
but the past self doesn't know
what the future self did,
665
00:31:46,824 --> 00:31:48,727
but he knows the character.
666
00:31:48,759 --> 00:31:50,127
Come on, Ted.
667
00:31:50,160 --> 00:31:52,697
We've got some historical
figures to rescue.
668
00:31:52,729 --> 00:31:54,900
And it perfectly
encapsulates the absurdity
669
00:31:54,932 --> 00:31:56,734
of the time travel paradox.
670
00:31:56,767 --> 00:31:58,702
You just have to remind yourself
to have done them in the past
671
00:31:58,736 --> 00:31:59,970
and they will be done
in the future.
672
00:32:00,004 --> 00:32:02,607
And I just thought
that was terrific.
673
00:32:02,640 --> 00:32:06,578
It just says, yeah,
don't worry about it.
674
00:32:06,611 --> 00:32:09,147
It's pretty fascinating
honestly how rare
675
00:32:09,179 --> 00:32:10,614
"Bill & Ted's
Excellent Adventure"
676
00:32:10,648 --> 00:32:12,984
is in the grand history
of sci-fi films.
677
00:32:13,016 --> 00:32:16,921
To have a sci-fi film that says,
"This is just fun!"
678
00:32:16,955 --> 00:32:19,724
is an incredible strange relief.
679
00:32:19,756 --> 00:32:21,860
No way!
680
00:32:21,892 --> 00:32:23,727
It's not the only
science fiction film
681
00:32:23,761 --> 00:32:25,530
to have fun with time travel.
682
00:32:25,563 --> 00:32:28,699
In fact, this comedy
was the first to popularize
683
00:32:28,733 --> 00:32:32,671
a particular form of time travel
called the time loop.
684
00:32:32,704 --> 00:32:37,742
Rita, I'm re-living
the same day over and over.
685
00:32:37,775 --> 00:32:39,945
Groundhog Day.
Today.
686
00:32:39,977 --> 00:32:42,546
"Groundhog Day" uses
the device of a time loop
687
00:32:42,580 --> 00:32:45,516
as a way to explore ways
you need to work on yourself
688
00:32:45,550 --> 00:32:47,786
before you can grow up
and have meaningful
689
00:32:47,819 --> 00:32:50,722
relationships with other people.
690
00:32:50,755 --> 00:32:53,123
When I was first
brainstorming ideas,
691
00:32:53,157 --> 00:32:55,494
I actually wrote on
the little index card,
692
00:32:55,526 --> 00:32:56,995
"time machine."
693
00:32:57,027 --> 00:32:59,964
But I didn't really know
what was going to be involved
694
00:32:59,997 --> 00:33:02,167
or how it was going to work.
695
00:33:02,199 --> 00:33:05,569
Phil? Phil?!
Phil Connors?
696
00:33:05,602 --> 00:33:07,005
Phil Connors,
I thought that was you.
697
00:33:07,037 --> 00:33:08,707
Hey, how are you?
698
00:33:08,739 --> 00:33:11,175
I just thought, "Okay,
whatever it is the rule is,
699
00:33:11,208 --> 00:33:13,577
he can remember,
but nobody else can remember.
700
00:33:13,611 --> 00:33:16,881
So for them
it's just the same day.
701
00:33:16,915 --> 00:33:21,786
And for him it's part of a long,
long, long repetition of days."
702
00:33:21,819 --> 00:33:23,955
And the audience learns
to expect that,
703
00:33:23,987 --> 00:33:27,191
and can begin to sort of map
the day along with the character
704
00:33:27,225 --> 00:33:29,227
and see if they can figure out
705
00:33:29,259 --> 00:33:33,931
how to get out of
this time loop before he does.
706
00:33:33,965 --> 00:33:36,635
The real time travel
machine, is your brain.
707
00:33:36,668 --> 00:33:39,137
In here, we're constantly
recoiling
708
00:33:39,169 --> 00:33:43,207
through different versions
of ourselves, memories,
709
00:33:43,240 --> 00:33:45,609
and daydreams, alternate paths,
710
00:33:45,642 --> 00:33:47,611
where we might end up
somewhere different.
711
00:33:47,644 --> 00:33:49,980
Do you ever have d�j� vu,
Mrs. Lancaster?
712
00:33:50,014 --> 00:33:52,183
I don't think so, but I could
check with the kitchen?
713
00:33:52,216 --> 00:33:56,187
And this is what the time travel
story crystallizes for us.
714
00:33:56,219 --> 00:33:58,022
It's a model of consciousness,
715
00:33:58,056 --> 00:34:01,560
which is constantly reeling with
ultimate freedom through time,
716
00:34:01,592 --> 00:34:06,098
and then finding itself stuck,
once again, in the real world.
717
00:34:07,765 --> 00:34:09,701
In the first stretch
of "Groundhog Day,"
718
00:34:09,734 --> 00:34:12,103
Bill Murray knows everything
that's gonna happen to him,
719
00:34:12,136 --> 00:34:14,573
he can make that work
to his advantage.
720
00:34:14,605 --> 00:34:16,841
And he does it in the way
an adolescent would,
721
00:34:16,873 --> 00:34:21,111
just having fun and also
becoming kind of sociopathic.
722
00:34:21,145 --> 00:34:22,714
You don't really care
about the other people.
723
00:34:22,746 --> 00:34:25,116
They are objects in your life.
724
00:34:25,149 --> 00:34:27,252
And then it moves on
to a depression
725
00:34:27,284 --> 00:34:29,853
where he finally decides
to kill himself.
726
00:34:29,886 --> 00:34:34,359
And he finds that
he cannot even do that.
727
00:34:34,391 --> 00:34:35,926
This is Tom, he worked
in the coal mine
728
00:34:35,960 --> 00:34:37,128
until they
closed it down.
729
00:34:37,161 --> 00:34:39,130
This is where he,
for the first time
730
00:34:39,163 --> 00:34:41,866
starts to notice other people,
731
00:34:41,899 --> 00:34:45,002
and realizes that
they have lives, too,
732
00:34:45,036 --> 00:34:47,105
and that he's part
of a community
733
00:34:47,138 --> 00:34:49,274
and by seeing himself
differently,
734
00:34:49,306 --> 00:34:52,676
he actually opens up
a whole new world to himself.
735
00:34:52,710 --> 00:34:56,715
Hello, father, let's get
you someplace warm.
736
00:34:56,748 --> 00:35:00,051
The wonderful thing about
being stuck in a time loop,
737
00:35:00,083 --> 00:35:02,152
it makes us look at our lives
in a fresh way
738
00:35:02,185 --> 00:35:04,221
which is one of the great
things that movies can do,
739
00:35:04,254 --> 00:35:05,756
and especially science fiction,
740
00:35:05,790 --> 00:35:08,293
because it can so
immediately place you
741
00:35:08,326 --> 00:35:11,396
in a different time and place.
742
00:35:11,429 --> 00:35:13,398
Maybe we all do need
a time travel movie
743
00:35:13,431 --> 00:35:15,033
to make us a better version
of ourselves,
744
00:35:15,065 --> 00:35:18,703
but I hope that we're not
stuck as long as he is.
745
00:35:18,736 --> 00:35:21,739
Anything different is good.
746
00:35:22,367 --> 00:35:23,869
My name is Doctor Who.
747
00:35:23,901 --> 00:35:25,271
It's not, is it?
748
00:35:25,304 --> 00:35:26,671
I like it.
749
00:35:26,704 --> 00:35:28,373
You don't know it yet.
750
00:35:28,407 --> 00:35:31,577
But in a short time, you will
trust me with your life.
751
00:35:31,610 --> 00:35:35,948
"Doctor Who" is a
very British, slightly eccentric
752
00:35:35,981 --> 00:35:37,749
extraordinary series
753
00:35:37,782 --> 00:35:39,918
that's been running
for more than 50 years now.
754
00:35:39,950 --> 00:35:44,722
And it involves a charming,
peculiar Time Lord.
755
00:35:44,755 --> 00:35:49,295
We're time travelers.
We tread softly.
756
00:35:49,327 --> 00:35:51,764
He's an alien who has
come down to protect us
757
00:35:51,796 --> 00:35:54,733
from the rest of the universe
by traveling through time
758
00:35:54,766 --> 00:35:57,468
and by interacting
with real historical events
759
00:35:57,501 --> 00:35:59,505
in both the past
and the future.
760
00:35:59,537 --> 00:36:00,972
We're unarmed.
761
00:36:01,005 --> 00:36:04,442
You wouldn't open fire on an
unarmed civilians would you?
762
00:36:04,476 --> 00:36:07,345
It wouldn't be
the first time.
763
00:36:07,378 --> 00:36:09,314
Chuggles, now!
764
00:36:11,682 --> 00:36:14,585
I love "Doctor Who."
765
00:36:14,619 --> 00:36:17,323
Over the past 50 years
there have been a total
766
00:36:17,356 --> 00:36:18,691
of 12 Doctor Whos.
767
00:36:18,724 --> 00:36:21,427
Each new performer brings
his own thing to it.
768
00:36:21,459 --> 00:36:23,795
I've seen literally
every episode of "Doctor Who"
769
00:36:23,829 --> 00:36:26,865
that's ever been made
from "An Unearthly Child,"
770
00:36:26,898 --> 00:36:28,867
which was made in 1963,
771
00:36:28,900 --> 00:36:33,572
all the way up to the current
Peter Capaldi Doctor Whos.
772
00:36:33,604 --> 00:36:36,775
You are the dark side, you are
an enemy of the Daleks.
773
00:36:36,807 --> 00:36:38,343
Yes, I am.
774
00:36:38,376 --> 00:36:40,912
Exterminate!
775
00:36:40,945 --> 00:36:42,547
I grew up with the show.
776
00:36:42,581 --> 00:36:45,950
I lived in a tenement
in Glasgow in Scotland,
777
00:36:45,983 --> 00:36:49,887
and through these flickering
little blue images
778
00:36:49,921 --> 00:36:54,393
I'd be taken to other planets
with strange creatures
779
00:36:54,425 --> 00:36:56,994
with wonderful
imaginative designs.
780
00:36:57,028 --> 00:37:00,099
Do you think you're the first
to try and kill me?
781
00:37:00,131 --> 00:37:03,568
And also there has always been
a kind of B-movie element
782
00:37:03,601 --> 00:37:06,904
to it, which I've always loved.
783
00:37:06,938 --> 00:37:09,874
Is everything out here evil?
Hardly anything is evil.
784
00:37:09,907 --> 00:37:11,610
But most things are hungry.
785
00:37:11,642 --> 00:37:13,778
Hunger looks very like evil from
the wrong end of the cutlery
786
00:37:13,811 --> 00:37:16,914
or do you think that your
bacon sandwich loves you back?
787
00:37:16,947 --> 00:37:19,050
I think one of the things
that's appealing
788
00:37:19,084 --> 00:37:21,987
about "Doctor Who," is there's
a tradition of English humor
789
00:37:22,019 --> 00:37:25,023
which suggests that
the future is all a joke.
790
00:37:25,055 --> 00:37:26,624
He's a Time Lord, yes.
791
00:37:26,657 --> 00:37:28,393
And he can travel back
and forth in time,
792
00:37:28,427 --> 00:37:30,461
and he does it in absurd ways.
793
00:37:30,494 --> 00:37:34,866
Time And Relative
Dimension In Space.
794
00:37:34,900 --> 00:37:38,470
TARDIS for short.
795
00:37:38,503 --> 00:37:40,472
The Doctor's time
machine, the TARDIS,
796
00:37:40,505 --> 00:37:44,510
is one of the best ever
because it invokes
797
00:37:44,543 --> 00:37:47,412
the playing with physics
798
00:37:47,445 --> 00:37:50,548
that is going to be necessary
to travel through time and space
799
00:37:50,581 --> 00:37:53,684
because his machine
is bigger on the inside
800
00:37:53,717 --> 00:37:55,586
than it is on the outside.
801
00:37:55,619 --> 00:37:58,556
So your box can move.
802
00:37:58,590 --> 00:38:00,726
We can go anywhere
we like.
803
00:38:00,758 --> 00:38:02,660
He always has a human companion.
804
00:38:02,693 --> 00:38:03,961
And he brings that companion
805
00:38:03,994 --> 00:38:05,797
along with him
on his adventures.
806
00:38:05,831 --> 00:38:08,633
-Where are we?
-The end of the road.
807
00:38:08,666 --> 00:38:10,101
The last planet.
808
00:38:10,135 --> 00:38:13,505
He seems to have a special place
in his heart for humans.
809
00:38:13,537 --> 00:38:16,175
Picking individual
ordinary people
810
00:38:16,208 --> 00:38:19,510
and showing them
all of time and space
811
00:38:19,543 --> 00:38:22,547
and giving them
a broader view on life.
812
00:38:22,581 --> 00:38:24,816
He's the Doctor.
What do doctors do?
813
00:38:24,849 --> 00:38:27,853
They heal sick situations,
sick people.
814
00:38:27,885 --> 00:38:29,654
But why do you
have to destroy?
815
00:38:29,688 --> 00:38:30,856
Can't you use your brains?
816
00:38:30,889 --> 00:38:33,592
Only one race can survive.
817
00:38:33,624 --> 00:38:36,994
This senseless evil killing.
818
00:38:37,028 --> 00:38:40,899
The first actor, the wonderful
William Hartnell, became ill
819
00:38:40,932 --> 00:38:42,801
and couldn't carry on
with the show.
820
00:38:42,834 --> 00:38:45,504
So they came up with this
rather brilliant idea,
821
00:38:45,537 --> 00:38:51,709
which is that the Doctor has the
ability to reconstitute himself.
822
00:38:58,617 --> 00:39:00,986
This has allowed
this show to last
823
00:39:01,019 --> 00:39:05,524
because we change the lead
actor every three or four years,
824
00:39:05,557 --> 00:39:09,261
which no other show does.
825
00:39:09,293 --> 00:39:13,798
It has all these other levels
of philosophical
826
00:39:13,831 --> 00:39:16,701
and reflective nature
827
00:39:16,735 --> 00:39:21,039
that make it very, very rich.
828
00:39:24,709 --> 00:39:27,145
People always ask me
what is it about the show
829
00:39:27,177 --> 00:39:29,914
that appeals so broadly?
830
00:39:29,947 --> 00:39:32,049
The answer I would like to give
831
00:39:32,083 --> 00:39:34,119
and which I'm discouraged
from giving,
832
00:39:34,151 --> 00:39:39,023
because it is not useful
in the promotion of a brand,
833
00:39:39,057 --> 00:39:41,793
is that it's about death.
834
00:39:41,825 --> 00:39:46,264
And it has a very, very powerful
death motif in it.
835
00:39:46,298 --> 00:39:49,066
Which is that the central
character dies.
836
00:39:49,099 --> 00:39:52,570
Doctor, let it go.
837
00:39:55,307 --> 00:39:57,309
Time enough.
838
00:39:57,342 --> 00:40:01,046
And I think that is one
of its most potent mysteries.
839
00:40:01,079 --> 00:40:02,948
Because somewhere in that,
840
00:40:02,981 --> 00:40:05,950
people see that that's
what happens in life.
841
00:40:05,983 --> 00:40:11,622
You have loved ones,
and then they go,
842
00:40:11,655 --> 00:40:14,692
but you must carry on.
843
00:40:14,726 --> 00:40:18,130
There are a lot of ways
in which time travel stories
844
00:40:18,162 --> 00:40:21,833
sneakily are about
eluding death.
845
00:40:21,865 --> 00:40:23,701
Time is what kills us,
after all.
846
00:40:23,735 --> 00:40:26,637
Time is a bastard.
847
00:40:32,242 --> 00:40:34,979
There's something that speaks
to our souls about time travel
848
00:40:35,012 --> 00:40:39,016
where there's
a fatalism involved
849
00:40:39,050 --> 00:40:40,752
that is
reassuring somehow.
850
00:40:40,784 --> 00:40:42,687
Right.
Because it tells you that the mistakes
851
00:40:42,720 --> 00:40:44,590
were always gonna happen.
Yeah.
852
00:40:44,622 --> 00:40:46,191
I mean, one of
the fascinating things...
853
00:40:46,224 --> 00:40:48,293
I was explaining to my kids
the other day...
854
00:40:48,325 --> 00:40:50,595
That if you look
at the idea of a telescope.
855
00:40:50,628 --> 00:40:52,063
Telescope is a way
of looking back in time,
856
00:40:52,097 --> 00:40:53,365
and not just space.
It's a time machine.
857
00:40:53,398 --> 00:40:54,466
It's a time machine.
858
00:40:54,499 --> 00:40:56,602
And you look at the smallest
star, the further away,
859
00:40:56,635 --> 00:40:58,170
the further back
in time you're looking.
860
00:40:58,202 --> 00:41:00,271
And theoretically
you could make more
861
00:41:00,305 --> 00:41:01,907
and more
powerful telescopes,
862
00:41:01,939 --> 00:41:04,041
and you can look further
and further back in time.
863
00:41:04,075 --> 00:41:06,278
It's just
a mind-boggling concept.
864
00:41:06,311 --> 00:41:08,180
Theoretically
the sun could have gone out
865
00:41:08,213 --> 00:41:10,749
seven and a half minutes ago
and we just don't know yet
866
00:41:10,782 --> 00:41:12,249
'cause it takes light
a while to get here.
867
00:41:12,282 --> 00:41:14,385
Exactly.
Let's hope not.
868
00:41:14,418 --> 00:41:16,887
But that idea of
looking back in time
869
00:41:16,921 --> 00:41:18,223
as you look out
into the world,
870
00:41:18,255 --> 00:41:20,257
the fact that everything
we see in this room
871
00:41:20,291 --> 00:41:22,760
when you look around,
you're looking back in time.
872
00:41:22,793 --> 00:41:26,297
I think the potential
is limitless
873
00:41:26,331 --> 00:41:27,966
for time travel stories...
874
00:41:27,999 --> 00:41:29,134
Chris, thanks for doing this.
875
00:41:29,166 --> 00:41:30,401
No, thank you
for having me.
876
00:41:30,434 --> 00:41:32,903
-It's exciting to talk about.
-Okay. Good.
877
00:41:32,936 --> 00:41:34,072
All right,
give us a cut then.
878
00:41:34,104 --> 00:41:36,240
I'll give you a cut.
Done.
879
00:41:36,273 --> 00:41:37,742
Going home.
Done.
69296
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