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Hey Roy, I'm going to borrow Brian for a few minutes.

10-4,.

Yeah, that's OK.

If you would come over here and watch this and make sure

this stays quiet over here and no vehicles.

Are they doing something?

Yeah, they're just driving back and forth,

and we need to stop the traffic over here.

What are you guys going to do?

They're taking a picture.

So just over there, just make sure it stays quiet

if you would please.

OK, thanks Brian.

Hi, I'm Richard Hodges.

I'm in charge of maintenance here

at Bisbee Unified School District, second-oldest school

district in the state.

I'm here at the high school.

This high school was built in 1957 by the Phelps Dodge Copper

Queen Branch.

It was built when copper controlled

and ruled everything.

It was built for 900 students.

In 1969 when I started school here, 900 students were here.

Unfortunately, we're down to around 300 now.

I had family on both sides of the deportation,

both from the mining company's standpoint

and from the miners' standpoint.

I had a cousin that was a miner.

He lived up in old Bisbee.

And he was rounded up with the rest of the miners.

They figured that it was one of these deals where the mining

company was just trying to flex their muscles

and intimidate them.

When they brought in the rail cars,

they realized how serious it was.

When they were disconnecting the train,

the deputized foreman were telling the miners

if we ever see you in Bisbee again, we will kill you.

Cousin said he reached through the rail car

and grabbed one of the deputies that he knows and held him,

told him no, Bisbee is my town.

I am going to come back to Bisbee.

I am going to kill your family in front of you,

and then I'm going to kill you.

And I believe he meant it.

Testing.

OK, we will be loading you on rail cars.

Enjoy the AC while you've got it.

Thank you for riding the Deportation Express.

This is a town with so much history.

So I created this audio book by interviewing

89 different people in the community

and getting their stories.

Bisbee in the beginning...

the town of Bisbee was officially founded in 1880

during those years of war between the US

Army and the Chiricahua Apache.

From 1877 to 1975, nearly 8 billion pounds of copper

were dug out of an area two miles by three miles.

And within this area are two enormous pits and some 2,000

miles of underground tunnels.

More than 30 different nationalities

were represented in Bisbee, and a hierarchy took root.

Peter Young.

There was definitely a distinction going on here

amongst the races, and the Anglos

were definitely in control.

This was a white man's camp.

The best jobs went to married white men.

It was so productive that people could hardly

believe it would end.

But after nearly 100 years of production, the mines in Bisbee

closed.

Somehow Bisbee did survive.

I can't help but think of it as the town too loved to die.

Bob Watkins.

You didn't talk about a deportation.

When Philip said we're going to keep this quiet,

no one spoke, this town could keep a secret like nobody else.

Boys and Girls Club in it?

Yeah, I think you guys are going to be in the background.

Yay!

Isn't that kind of fun?

Yeah.

This big old pile of dirt here is dump number seven.

What this consists of is everything that was taken out

of the big open pit, Lavender and Sacramento

pits, and also from underground in the mines.

You have to store the dirt someplace,

and this is one of many places that they stored the dirt here

in Bisbee.

When the last mine shut down in 1975, it was catastrophic.

A mining town without a mine is usually

referred to as a ghost town.

It's a very interesting situation

because now we've gone from the richest city in Arizona

to literally the poorest.

There are those that still believe

the mines are going to come back and they're

going to save the town.

My name is David Smith.

I'm the newly elected mayor.

I actually still hear once in a while,

we don't need to worry about finances.

The mines will never let anything happen to us.

And that's one of the biggest issues in governance

is trying to get people to understand that sugar daddy...

used to be Phelps Dodge, now Freeport... isn't there anymore.

Freeport-McMorRan is the second-largest mining company

in the world, and it wouldn't matter to them

on a corporate level if Bisbee had no population

because they've got fences around their property,

and that copper that's still in the ground

that some day they'll mine is going to remain there

just like it's in a bank vault.

My name is Sue Ray.

I was born and raised in Bisbee, Arizona.

My grandfather came as a miner in 1915,

and his brother came shortly after.

My grandfather was deputized by Sheriff Wheeler,

and he went and arrested his own brother

and put him on the train and deported him into New Mexico.

My name is Steven Ray.

I'm born and raised in Bisbee, Arizona.

I'm a recently retired Cochise County sheriff's deputy.

Uncle Archie is over here.

And so this was...

I found that in the safety room up at the Junction Mine.

I think that's him right there.

I was really shocked when I first

heard that Grandpa arrested Uncle Archie.

They had to go with what their conscience told them,

and what they had been told helped

them to decide which way they were going to go.

Am I going to go to the right or am I going to go to the left?

I agree.

I can understand and sympathize both sides.

I am very proud of my grandfather.

He felt he was responsible, along with those

that worked for the company, to make certain

that we were protected from becoming taken over

by the socialists, by communism, that he had to go and arrest

his own brother and send his brother out

into the unknown world, not realizing that they would never

see each other again.

Uncle Archie's... Uncle Archie's right there.

...right there.

And there was some resemblance between the two.

Yeah, there is.

Hearing the story, and myself as being

a retired deputy from the sheriff's office, it was tough.

I mean, even thinking about having to go and arrest

my own brother, to do that, I don't know how he did it.

My name is Mel Ray.

My great-grandfather was deputized.

My great-uncle was not.

I see both sides.

The people that were deputized, they

were told they have this authority.

I can see where they would act on that authority.

Those that were being rounded up,

I can see why they were protesting for higher wages.

I can see why they wanted a safer working environment.

So I truly am neutral on the subject

because I see both sides, the good and the bad.

Welcome to the Copper Chronicle on KBRP Community Radio.

I'm your host, Charles Berthea.

"All women and children keep off streets today."

I'm going to start the whole thing again.

When I first started producing the show, writing this show,

I made a list of subjects, but I avoided this one until now.

We decided that we needed to tell the story,

and there's a reason for that.

"All women and children keep off streets today."

The bold headline in the Bisbee Daily Review

on the morning of July 12, 1917 was both an announcement

and a warning.

Bisbee is a town just seven miles from Mexico

that rests on stories of its lively past.

But there is one that stands apart from the rest.

It is the story of the day that Bisbee changed forever.

At 6:30 AM on Thursday, July 12, 1917, miners

on strike against the copper-mining companies

were roused out of bed by armed loyalists

and taken to the post office plaza.

The removers, Sheriff Wheeler's loyal Americans,

were citizens and residents who had volunteered or were invited

to help put an end to the menace they believed

the striking workers had become to the town

and its productive, patriotic way of life.

OK ladies and gentlemen, we're almost all the way in.

Want to ring the bell.

OK, hang on you guys.

We're going in.

The Bisbee deportation seemed to disappear

from the town's history.

The story was rarely told or mentioned.

It was never referred to in schools,

and people who remembered that day did not talk about it.

It was understood that Phelps Dodge did not

want the story told and that the ghosts of the past

should remain buried.

In a company town, the company makes the rules.

It was best to move on.

My name's Fernando Serrano I'll be

playing a miner in the Bisbee deportation.

Violence is necessary to tame the wilderness,

to tame the savages, to tame the desert itself.

My name is Chris Deentz.

I got here in 1980.

We were birdwatching in the Chiricahuas

and got sprayed by a skunk, our dog.

So we had to go to Douglas to get some tomato juice,

and the rest is history, been here ever since.

We come into Tombstone, the town too tough to die.

T-shirts now say the town too dumb to die.

OK folks, that was our ode to the Second Amendment.

We are the Second Amendment city.

A round of applause for Tombstone, Arizona.

In the 1950s, there were 50 TV Westerns.

OK Corral, Wyatt Earp, Doc Holiday, these men

had to carry a gun because it was

part of the gunfighter nation.

People dress up and become these characters.

And I don't think it's a time warp.

I don't think it's time travel.

It's alternate history.

It's alternate dream history.

2:00, showtime right inside the OK Corral.

See Wyatt Earp and Doc Holiday face off

against the cowboy gang, coming up soon right

through these double red doors inside the OK Corral.

Gun fight's at 2:00.

My name's Aaron Gain.

I've been acting probably all my life.

Started out when I was about 10 years old,

been doing it ever since.

Been in Tombstone, Arizona personally

for about 10 years now, working at the OK Corral just as long.

The character I'm portraying is AS Embrey.

I'm an IWW organizer, pretty much a rabble-rouser.

And I don't know too much about the whole deportation,

but I have a feeling, much like my job at the OK Corral,

I'm not going to make it.

Something tells me that I drew the short straw.

The idea that Tombstone is the fake history

and Bisbee is the real history has always been kind of a...

it's always kind of been a mudslinging thing.

Well, the Copper Queen Hotel was first

built by the Copper Queen Mining Company

to house investors for the mine.

Recently in the last 30 years, it's

gotten more noticed for its ghosts.

Yeah, usually right around here in this corner

is where they usually see the shadow of the smoking man.

It's usually here for a couple of seconds and then it's gone.

There's a lot of energy in here, and that's

one thing I noticed when I started working here.

Harry Wheeler was sheriff of Cochise County stationed

in Tombstone 35 miles away.

The idea of going door to door at gunpoint

and rounding people up...

what if people don't round up?

What if they start shooting back?

How bad can it go trying to put them into rail cars?

It is said that Sheriff Wheeler was

a small man, 5 foot 2", about 140 pounds,

kind of walked like a woman.

Now I'm 6' 2", 200 pounds, and I've never

been told that I walk like a woman.

Anyway, I do appreciate this chance to play Sheriff Wheeler,

and he did believe in what he was doing.

He thought that he had a near riot on his hands

and he had to do something to stop it.

Then we have the border patrol patrolling

our everyday movement.

I don't think that's it.

I was born in Tucson, Arizona.

I grew up in Naco, Sonora, a border town

seven miles away from Bisbee.

I grew up there till I was about five years old.

Then I came to Bisbee to go to school.

Oh my God, there's Bean, Spunky's sugar mama.

He's got a sugar mama.

Hello friend.

How you doing buddy?

Good.

How are you?

Good.

How you doing?

Good.

What's up?

I come here for some jasper.

When I was 15, I found a place in old Bisbee.

I found a job.

And I've met so many beautiful people here in Bisbee.

They were willing to water your garden

if you water their garden.

Cheers.

Cheers!

I mean, I think we just scream that we're gay.

You know, I had never even heard about the deportation

until I met you guys, and I've been living here my whole life.

But it was something that I wasn't really interested in.

I wouldn't consider myself politically active.

It just seems like a lot of fucking fighting,

a lot of fighting.

I'm Mike Anderson, historian for Warren Ballpark here in Bisbee.

This ballpark was built in June 1909,

and it's the oldest continuously operated

baseball field, football field, multisport facility

in the United States.

And in July 1917, these grandstands

served as the amphitheater for a genuine American tragedy.

And if we'd been there on July 12, 1917,

what we would have seen was family members,

friends, people on both sides, armed

guards all the way around the ballpark, a machine gun

on the roof of what's now city hall, the building

in back of the grandstands.

This is the focal point of the deportation right here.

This is where they were all brought and forced

to make that terrible decision as to

whether or not they would return to work or be

exiled from Bisbee forever.

Please tell me what law they were enforcing.

What Arizona Revised Statute were they operating under?

Do you know what their answer was...

the law of necessity.

Can you please find that in the ARS title

13 criminal code, the law of necessity?

I'm Laurie McKenna, and I've been in Bisbee since 2002.

This project is called The Undesirables.

It was a term used by the government or antiunion

or companies about immigrants that were undesirable

or people that were anarchists or socialists.

They were accused of being the IWW, which

is one of the most radical unions to ever exist.

The people that remained after the deportation

were the ones that drove people out.

So the cover up... not a cover up, but the avoidance

of this historic event was because there

were relatives of people who felt 100% justified.

Yeah, I think the centennial is making

people talk about this in a way that it

hasn't been talked about.

Morning everyone and welcome to this meeting of the Bisbee

Deportation Centennial Committee.

It's good to have all of you here.

I would like for us to go around and briefly do

an update of what our various projects are

and the things that we're doing.

I'm working on what happened to the deportees.

I think we're going to be able to portray the deportees

themselves in a much more accurate light.

So I wanted to do something on the actual day of July 12.

People are going to be doing theatrical vignettes.

This is a slice, and this man is holding a gun to his back

and pushing him along.

This is the first round I did on the banners using that logo

so you can see how it looks.

When you go through that list of deputies,

you see that there is one Slovak name.

Everybody else is an Anglo Saxon.

So my conclusion after all of this research, the deportation

was not a response to a labor action.

It was that to a limited extent, but it was also

in the nature of an ethnic cleansing.

My conclusion is that Walter Douglas decided, sure,

let's make this an American camp.

Let's get all these aliens out of here.

I just start reading more about this

and this is what we're talking about.

Who defines who's American?

And in doing so, it ain't you and it ain't you,

and we're going to get you out of town.

I mean, it's like, wow.

Our next meeting is two weeks from today, April 14.

We will be honoring Abraham Lincoln's assassination

and the sinking of the Titanic.

Life has got to move on.

What I'm doing is I'm looking for any loose material or rocks

that I've loosened up due to air slack.

Hello.

My name is Doug Graham.

We're inside the Queen Mine.

My family started working in the mines here in Bisbee in 1883.

And great-grandfather, grandfather, and father

have all worked underground.

Dad, one hell of a miner because when I was a kid,

that's what he was.

He was just a miner.

Hi, I'm Dick Graham.

This is my mining world.

I worked in the mines for some 58 years

in total, starting at the very lowest,

lowest position possible, just cleaning mud off the track.

But when I retired, I was a company president.

This is the boss's desk.

This was used by the shift bosses underground

to do their paperwork and the reports.

People are willing to talk about the deportation.

All my life it was, you just really didn't do it.

Are you going to feel that you did

something wrong or your father or grandfather did something?

No, they were right, so it's very one sided.

I'm on the mining company, so I don't that one.

I really were.

IWW was just too radical, too much for people

to accept at the time...

my opinion, yeah.

Exit phone, just checking it.

OK, bye.

It was not an anti-immigrant move.

It was not a labor-busting move.

It was, let's make our communities safe for the women,

for the children, for the mines.

Let's support the war effort in Europe, our sons

that we sent over.

My father has told me a lot of stories

that he has heard from miners that he

worked with that lived it or somehow experienced

the deportation.

I have to remember, first off, my father is a procompany man.

I have to also remember those people telling

the stories are in Bisbee.

In other words, they weren't deported.

During the deportation, about 90% of the deportees

were born outside the United States.

They claim 34 nationalities, but fully half of those deported

were either Mexican or Eastern European,

the men who had always been at the margins of the white man's

camp.

The spirit of...

ah.

What is it?

Solidarity.

Solidarity, OK.

Well, my mother was deported when I was seven,

and she went to prison in Mexico for 11 years.

So I guess there's a connection, but what she was doing

and the work she was doing was illegal,

and it was drugwise related.

And so it wasn't like they were just trying to make... well,

I guess she was trying to make a living, but...

You have to process anger, you know?

You can't just act upon it.

I feel like if we just relive it again,

it's going to keep happening.

A lot of people appear here and they're on stage.

In the big cities where they're from no one

would even give them a second look,

but here everybody looks at them.

They live in story books.

This here was maybe 45 years ago...

57 years ago.

What are you doing in that picture?

Riding bulls.

I have all this stuff out because I like to remind me

who I am, where I came from.

I'm real.

Looking good man.

OK.

So do you want salad?

No, you just want Grand Canyon?

Let grandma just help you a little bit.

Where's the Fritos?

At the store.

Oh, OK.

Since this was the hundredth year,

I wanted to be able to tell my family's side of the story.

We were good people.

We were honest people.

So one of the things that we want to do

is to have Mel and Steve play the parts of their grandfather

and their Uncle Archie.

And their interpretation of what that morning was like...

and I want to get a feel of what was actually going on

in their minds and their hearts that morning.

I would love to do that.

It would be an honor to be able to do that.

OK.

I'm rubbing this penny, 1917 penny, 1,196 times, one time

for every man that was rounded up at gunpoint and deported.

When I think about playing someone during the deportation,

I can't be a wife.

I can't be a whore.

I'd have to be a guy.

I mean, I'd want to be the photographer that

took the pictures or one of the IWW guys

that was deported because I always just work the lowest

jobs to support myself as an artist.

Definitely have that, both of those angles in my life.

The deportees are going to be coming out of here

and march this way.

That must have been a weird feeling.

I'm sure they were their friends and neighbors, some

of these folks that were leading them away.

Getting ready to build some cattle cars to represent

the Bisbee deportation that was happening right here

on this site, wow, a hundred years ago right now.

My dad was a miner.

My grandfather and my great-grandfather

was deported in the Bisbee deportation.

So my family's been around here for a long time,

and I probably would have been a miner.

But when I was a teenager, the mine shut down

and I became an artist.

Just curious about him.

All these people are fascinating,

all the characters, all the actors in this play.

Trost was a proper German name.

A lot of these names would be the same names as on here.

Now Nick Trost, maybe Nick Trossel, or not.

What I'm working on right now as part

of my participation in the committee

is researching what happened to the men who were deported.

The general impression that the media at that time

gave... remember, the media was controlled by the mining

companies in Arizona... was that these are wobbly agitators.

That's the impression I had for a long time too.

This is one of the pamphlets that the Industrial Workers

of the World were putting out about the time

of the deportation.

What they do is provide lots and lots of ammunition

for the mining corporations.

Big Bill Haywood, the general strike...

shut down industrial production in America.

Stop the war.

These men were branded as trying to deliberately sabotage

the war effort.

What ended up happening is a lot of them

either volunteered for military service or were drafted.

We're going to make some differences here.

That's right.

That's right.

We're going to make some differences.

My good wobblies, I've come to Bisbee

to say that these mines belong to the people!

We will win Bisbee and take down capital.

We are peaceful.

They call us anarchists, traitors, but we are the mines.

We are the nippers and the mud diggers.

Mud diggers!

And after all, an injury to one...

...is an injury to all!

We'll strike for eight hours at $6.00.

That's right!

And then we'll strike for six hours at $8.00.

And when we get that, we'll strike and take over the mine!

The fervor of war and increased demands

for products and productivity gave unions

new strength and management, greater determination

to resist.

In Bisbee, union activity had been tightly controlled

in the past.

But this was a time of increasing change in the world,

and workers in the US were more and more restless.

The IWW became, or at least was perceived as being,

the biggest threat to the large companies.

Rumors spread that pro-Germans had infiltrated the unions.

Some said weapons and dynamite were cached around town

to be used for sabotage.

I didn't do that.

Just go off on.

Don't touch the bulb because it might be hot.

Just try to see if it...

That's strange.

That's very strange.

The ghost is here.

It would be hard to believe that there

weren't weapons and dynamite.

It was, after all, a mining town,

and many still considered Arizona to be the Wild West.

I have been informed this day that a strike is contemplated

in Bisbee by the IWW.

I was asked as to what stand I would take.

Here is my answer.

I beg those interested to take notice

that I will deputize every loyal American in Cochise County

to help me preserve peace and order.

If I believe that Harry Wheeler was the bad guy,

I'm not sure I would be interested in playing

this role.

I like playing this role because it's a complex part.

He was villainized and demonized.

History has done that to him.

But I do believe that during that time he was doing this,

he truly believed in what he was doing.

Hi, I'm James West.

I am an actor in a film called The Dutchman,

and this is my girlfriend's home.

I've been here roughly about two years,

sit pretty close to the border.

I've got great views of the wall.

I absolutely love it here.

The character that I'm going to play,

his name is John C. Greenway.

He was the general manager of the Calumet and Arizona Mine.

Greenway was the only one of three mining companies

present at the deportation and the planning meeting the day

before.

He was indicted for kidnapping and conspiracy

for his role in the deportation, but the charges were dropped.

Well, it's certainly a role to play.

I mean, it said that he was tall, dashing, and handsome.

I don't know if I could live up to that.

I started working in the private prison system,

and I know over the past few years

there's been lots of controversy with private prisons.

And for quite a few years, having a background

in law enforcement, we actually had the responsibility

of boarding these people up on planes

and flying them back to countries

that were in Central America.

And we had both criminal flights and noncriminal flights.

And you turn your back for a second

and you'd be surprised what can happen.

And being on a plane 20,000, 35,000 feet in the air,

it's like a maximum-security prison.

And so you've got to be on your toes.

It's not time to think, oh, I'm doing something great.

You're keeping everybody safe.

All right, you know how I talked to you about my project,

The Undesirables, right?

And I told you about Rosa McKay.

Rosa McKay, yeah.

She just came and went, and of course Arizona didn't see her

as a valuable historic fact.

Right, because she's a woman.

Yep, because she was woman.

Well, here's her.

That's my drawing of her, but there's

only like three pictures of her that I can find.

She was a legislator for Cochise.

And then there was the deportation,

and they ran her out of town.

With this project, this film is also being made.

They're going to do recreations of the whole thing,

the whole deportation.

And I thought you'd be like a really great Rosa McKay.

Hey Sue.

Hi.

So we meet.

Finally.

All right, well, what do you got going on here?

When he found out that his brother may come back

for the trial and that he was going to be indicted

and could go to prison for kidnapping and all

these other charges, he ran.

He went to Mexico.

So Uncle Archie... we went to the city hall and we got a map,

and we found that this is Uncle Archie's resting place.

Uncle Archie, huh?

And there's been a hundred years, you know?

It's been a hundred years since they saw each other.

And not that they're going to see each other now,

but I feel better.

My mother definitely brought me into this.

I do not have the drive that she does on the deportation.

To me, the deportation was another thing about Bisbee.

I mean, Bisbee has had a mine.

Bisbee had a brothel.

Bisbee had a brewery.

Bisbee had a deportation.

It was just part of Bisbee.

Hola.

Hey, how's it going?

Good.

How are you?

Good.

James.

Fernando.

Fernando.

So what character are you on the project?

I'll be playing a Mexican miner.

OK, that's cool.

I'm playing John Greenway, so I'm like the boss man.

I'm like the guy who says, hey, I

don't want to deal with these people, with you

because you're striking.

And I'm like, you know what?

Let's just put these people on a train and deport them.

It seemed like everyone that came here pretty much

tried to assimilate to the culture

that we had established already, in the 17 and then in the 1800s

and then the turn of the century.

Well, it's not like they came here, you know.

It's the white people that came here.

So then they brought these customs to them.

It was really great meeting you, Fernando.

And I guess we'll see you on the set when we start filming.

Yeah, I look forward to getting deported.

Me too.

Oh,

Thank you.

I'll try and be gentle about it, OK?

OK.

Take it easy.

I'm tough.

I got it.

It's really emotional guys, but really empowering.

Workers of the world awaken.

Break your chains.

Demand your rights.

All the wealth you make is taken by exploiting parasites.

It's for true liberty.

I've never actually had this conversation with my mother,

so it's sort of really intense.

She was deported when I was seven years old,

and she was in prison till I was 18.

I'm sorry.

It's OK.

It's a really weird relationship that we have.

I feel like, most of the time, I had

to pretty much nurture myself.

I'm Mary Ellen Suarez Dunlap.

I am one of four children to my parents that came from Mexico.

And they immigrated and became naturalized citizens.

And we were born and raised in Naco, Arizona.

It's a small town.

It is a border town.

And so I'm native.

I'm native to Bisbee.

And I'm presently the clerk of Superior Court.

It is an elected position.

And matter of fact, I'm the first Hispanic...

not just Hispanic woman, but Hispanic...

to win an election countywide, and the first Republican

to have the county seat as far as the clerk of Superior Court,

because historically it's been Democrat.

Hi, babe.

Hi, honey.

Look at you.

It looks like you have the acting bug now, huh?

Yeah.

I'm an actress, too.

Growing up and watching the novelas, when you said that,

that kind of struck that with my mom.

And my family, as you know, it's a big family,

and we are pretty much dramatizing it, kind of

like a novela.

Today, we're going to be filming when

the miners decided to walk out.

It's a little hard being here knowing,

you know, my dad had been here for a number

of years working here.

He enjoyed it.

I was just standing over here by the door

to try to get into Uncle Archie's head.

And I turned around and looked, and they've

got the in and out board for the workers.

I didn't realize it was here, and I turned around...

I'm sorry.

This is my dad.

He's still got his name and his...

I'm sorry.

He's still got his name and his tag

up there showing that he's out, he's not inside the mine.

I've only been in one time since Dad's passed.

I want to go back in where he spent a lot of his time,

where he... and just a lot of enjoyment there.

OK.

It's a union for true liberty.

It's a union for you and for me.

It's the worker's own choice, it's

for girls and for boys who want freedom from wage slavery.

On June 24, the IWW presented the mining companies

a list of demands, including safety improvements,

better working conditions, and an end to discrimination

against labor organizations and unequal treatment

of foreign or minority workers.

The companies refused all demands.

No surprise there.

And a strike was called.

By June 27, almost half the workforce had walked.

If people want to come here to this country

and enjoy life, liberty, freedom,

we've got to protect it.

We've got to protect it from the enemy.

And you want to come here and you want to be a part of that?

By all means, then.

But you want to come here and stand in the way of that, well,

we're just not gonna take that.

50.

Play ball!

Well, on the wall here in the courtroom,

we have all of the retired judges.

And we frequently have a lot of visitors here.

And one of the games we play with them

is to have them look at the wall and to point out to us which

of the judges they feel is the one

who is responsible for haunting this building.

Most people get it right.

It's the guy right at the top.

It's Judge Ross.

And he was the first judge to preside in this building

in 1931 when it opened up.

People come in and they smell cigar smoke,

chairs just sort of go up or go down, doors close.

And there have been people that have actually

seen sort of an apparition of him in some of these rooms,

actually sort of seen like a ghost-like figure.

I'm guessing the mining company had

a lot to do with financing this building

because it's built beautifully.

This one apparently engaged.

What's your last three words on your?

Policy of operations unchanged.

OK, thanks.

The idea was partly stimulated by my fiancee, who

was having an argument with a fellow here in town

who wanted to tell both sides of the story.

And she got enraged and said, that's

like telling the other side of the story in the Holocaust.

She can get a little over the top.

But when I was thinking that through

and we were kind of jawing it around,

I thought, well, maybe a musical is the way to do it.

And you do it not so seriously.

That's what labor used to do, right?

Even like with Cesar Chavez, they

used to do little theater things out in the fields and stuff.

It's a part of this.

For some reason, IWW workers seemed to write a lot of songs

and sing a lot of songs.

You don't find too many capitalists and mining

companies writing and singing songs.

I think I've got the major part done.

Writing a song turns out to be a lot harder

than I thought it would.

Yeah.

We, the titans of industry, eschew,

we do, frivolity.

We had been talking about a reenactment for years.

And some of the reaction was, well,

that trivializes the event.

In order that our employees and the public of this district

may know where this company stands

in relation to certain labor agitation in this camp,

we desire to make the following statement.

We refuse to receive the committee

or to consider their demands.

This company will never negotiate with an organization

founded on principles hostile to good government in times

of peace and treasonable in times of war.

Bisbee is the highest paid camp in the world.

At Calumet, an Arizona mining company,

intends to continue its present policy of operations unchanged.

In the Shattuck, Arizona Copper Company

hopes its employees will repudiate

the conspiratorial actions of the IWW

by continuing at their usual occupations.

We, the titans of industry, eschew,

we do, frivolity.

We have mines to run, leaves us no time for fun.

That's why we, we don't sing songs.

But if we were to sing a song, we

would sing God, country, and most important

of all, the Copper Queen mine.

Gentlemen.

God, country, and the Copper Queen mine.

One more time.

God, country, and the Copper Queen mine.

This is where Walter Douglas lived in 1817.

You can just see the malevolence, the evil emanating

from this building right here.

Cold-blooded man.

Walter Douglas was the mastermind,

he was the originator of the deportation,

but he always kept in the shadows.

I think a lot of times in the narrative,

the blame is placed on the Sheriff, Sheriff Wheeler,

but there's no way the Sheriff could have choreographed

this whole thing.

You know, he had the power to make this happen.

Yes, the deportation was awful.

And...

So was Walter Douglas.

...yes.

But that's one day or one month or one event.

Year.

And probably the darkest event in our history.

But without the family, we wouldn't be here.

And I love living in Bisbee.

So.

I think everyone also has to own up in this world

when they really screw up, when they do something bad.

That has not quite happened yet.

These arrogant, eastern elitists who

have absolutely no connection at all

to the people who are digging the stuff out

of the earth, none, turned this town into a corporate gulag.

And if you think I'm exaggerating,

you look at how people were treated

and how due process and the rule of law was gutted.

They've been in the trains already,

like, I don't know, I can't remember, 16 hours?

Something crazy.

Why are you so passionate about it?

It's just like for human...

just for human's basic rights, or?

It's not just that American kids aren't getting labor history

or Bisbee kids don't know anything about the deportation,

it's that nobody knows any of our history at all.

OK, my friend, let's see what we can do.

Let's see what we can see.

Wow.

So we know they were... around here's

where they dropped them off.

It's hell on earth.

Hell.

Totally, yeah.

I mean, this is what it came to.

You know, the Wild West, cowboys with their guns

hurting innocent people at gunpoint.

I guess it's just changing my outlook and the way

I look at Bisbee.

I feel like it's this energy in Bisbee.

There's this really dark energy.

And it's like it can bring the best out of you,

but it also can make you into somebody

you've never wanted to be.

It was natural for me to want the mining company

to have a very legitimate reason to do this

and to be in the right because I was very much raised a company

kid.

I've been a company executive, I've carried the company line

all my life.

If something wasn't done, there was going

to be blood on the streets.

Truly, there was going to be blood on the streets.

My grandfather told me that.

Here is where they were being held.

And I'm going to note that the white bands

on the arms of the people represent the individuals who

are doing the collecting.

And there's a long dissertation in this publication

on the law of necessity, totally based

on the Bisbee deportation.

And I'm sure, although there's never

been any proof, that the mining companies were only

too happy to shake their head yes when somebody suggested it.

Were they behind it?

Some will say yes.

I don't know.

And to me, it makes no difference,

because it was the right thing to do to save human lives,

it was the right thing to do in a patriotic sense

to support America's first big war,

and it was the right thing to do to save Bisbee.

Otherwise, it could have ceased to exist.

So this concept of a deportation was developed.

But how do you get 2,000 people to keep a secret?

It's not a coincidence that it's like I'm sitting here,

and it's like the universe is telling me,

OK, you have to be aware of this,

and you need to be a part of this.

Join the strike!

Come on, join the strike.

It's time.

Strike!

Strike!

strike!

Strike!

Strike!

Strike!

Strike!

Strike!

Strike!

Join the strike.

Join the strike.

Join the strike.

Join the strike.

Join the strike.

Join the strike.

I'm Dick Graham.

I'm playing the role of Walter Douglas.

Solidarity forever.

Solidarity forever.

Solidarity forever.

For the union makes us strong.

Tense, angry, thinking how can they profane this great song.

The melody is the Civil War song, the Battle Hymn

of the Republic.

And they're profaning it by making it a union song.

It's like taking Ave Maria and turning it into a brothel song.

That's from a management perspective.

And that's my personal belief, too.

So it's easy to identify, very easy to identify.

And that's what I felt in the '60s when

there were the anti-Vietnam demonstrations.

I was on the other side.

Tell me what you're thinking.

You hit a point where you have to make a decision between what

is right and what is legal.

They are not always the same.

And you must always do what is right.

That is the message that has carried

through the centuries in protest movements,

in progress movements, in religious movements,

in anything, is doing what is right.

Yes, I know, I have no doubt he was conflicted.

Was he behind this?

I don't know.

Did he have a finger in it?

Oh, I bet he had more than a finger.

But in any event, nobody knows where Walter Douglas was.

Was he sitting in his mansion at the end of the vista?

Was he in his private railroad car on the siding somewhere?

Or was he in New York?

He was conspicuously absent.

I cannot believe it was something that he nor any

of the others involved took lightly, a responsibility.

You cannot compromise with a rattlesnake.

Those were the words of Walter Douglas.

Things got worse.

The Citizens Protective League, an anti-union organization

formed during a previous labor dispute,

was reactivated by local businessmen

and put under the control of Cochise County Sheriff Harry

Wheeler.

He was the go-to guy for management in Bisbee,

a reminder of just how powerful the mining companies were.

Greenway School, built by the Calumet and Arizona Mining

Company by the Greenway family and opened for first students

in 1917, 100 years ago.

Same year as the Bisbee deportation.

Beautiful floors.

Elementary school now, closed for the summer.

No students.

Awfully nice floors.

They have lasted well.

I, Harry C. Wheeler, Sheriff of Cochise County,

state of Arizona, deputize you my lawful deputy in all matters

as if myself were present.

Your list.

I, Harry C. Wheeler, Sheriff of Cochise County,

state of Arizona, deputize you my lawful deputy in all matters

as if myself were present.

Your list.

I, Harry C. Wheeler, Sheriff of Cochise County,

state of Arizona, deputize you my lawful deputy in all matters

as if myself were present.

I, Harry C. Wheeler, Sheriff of Cochise County,

state of Arizona, deputize you my lawful deputy in all matters

as if myself were present.

Your list.

Wheeler, let's get these rattlesnakes.

I'll be playing Rosa McKay.

And right now, I'm busy making a hat, a cloche hat.

And I'm starting with this beautiful material,

but it's got a lot of sequins and sparkly things.

And Rosa does not strike me as the sequiny, sparkly type

of woman.

I am a Bisbee miner, Ben Johnson is my name.

I came here from Nogales to work the company claim.

I left my wife with two young boys and headed out one day.

That was five long years ago I came here on that train.

I joined up with the union when I came to this town.

I signed on with a company and made my way around.

They gave me sticks of dynamite to bring the mountains down,

and I work as hard as any man tearing up the ground.

Then the wobblies called a meeting

and called a picket line.

We had to show the company their policies weren't right.

But the Great World War was raging then,

and we had our own fight.

And then the company came up with a plan

and tried to break the strike.

In the early hours of dawn, they snuck up on their prey.

The vigilantes killed James

when he shot McCray.

1,182 were rounded up that day.

And then they marched us into Warren and put us on a train.

I want to welcome all of you out this morning.

We're going to place the headstone

on Uncle Archie's grave.

United with your brothers.

We're going to lay the headstone for Grandpa Edward Leslie Cook.

Well, that was 20 years ago.

I still recall that day.

I found work in a factory.

10 years I stayed away.

They say time heals everything, but some things stay the same.

When I came back to Bisbee, I had to change my name.

I am a Bisbee miner, John Benson is my name.

I came here from Nogales to work the company claim.

My boys are grown with families, Ruth died in '28.

25 long years ago, I came here on that train.

I'm done.

Had two marks.

They're a little deep, but I think it's OK.

OK.

I'll take it easy.

Thank you.

Uh-huh.

This is every single man that was deported.

And I did a penny rubbing for each one of them.

Whoa.

Man, I got to be up here somewhere.

It is very possible that I'm on the other wall.

Oh, nope, got him.

There it is.

That's me.

That's crazy.

Members of St. John's Church have

gathered to read the names of the deportees from Bisbee.

Harry Tomar.

Seamul Tomich.

Tony Tomacich.

Tony Tomon.

Peter Toomey.

Nick Trassell.

Felicto Mentiejo.

Calistro Montez.

Francisco Montoya.

Thomas Rayden.

Raymond Patton.

Roy Patton.

Gus Paul.

Pisano.

John Pisavio.

Eli Pitcamo.

Peter Pledge.

Tony Pledge.

Milo.

Francisco Rodriguez.

Francisco Eric Rodriguez.

Guadalupe Rodriguez.

Jose Rodriguez.

Juan Rodriguez.

And all the men whose names do not appear on this list,

you are not forgotten, either.

Workers saw the world awakened.

Break your chains, demand your rights.

All the wealth you make is taken by exploiting parasites.

Shall you kneel in deep submission from your cradles

to your graves?

Is the height of your ambition to be good and willing slaves?

As July 11 turned into July 12, the Bisbee deportation

got underway.

Everywhere, men whose names were listed were roused from beds,

pulled from houses, and forced into streets.

Many were not strikers, or even miners.

Expressing support for the strike or strikers

was enough to be taken.

From downtown Bisbee, the march began.

After nearly four miles, the detainees arrived in Warren

and were herded together in the ballpark.

The day that would forever be remembered and debated

had dawned.

The Bisbee deportation was underway.

So, son, this gives your special rights.

Lawful.

We want to be sure that everything that we do

is according to the law.

OK, ready?

Ready.

Let's do it.

What we're doing here today, July 12, 2017,

is about remembrance.

It's an event where people had their lives torn apart.

Reading about it is amazing.

They cut off communications.

They commandeered the telephone lines, the telegraph

in and out of town.

Nobody knew about it..

End discrimination now!

End discrimination now!

End discrimination now!

End discrimination now?

End discrimination now!

End discrimination now!

Strike!

Strike!

Strike!

Strike!

Strike!

Solidarity forever.

The union makes us strong.

Oh, solidarity forever.

Vagrants!

You're all under arrest.

All of you are under arrest.

This is a peaceful strike.

tight circle.

I came to Bisbee in the 1980s as a student from Lebanon.

I was mesmerized.

I fell in love with it.

Then, yeah, I would have been scared,

I would have been intimidated.

I will never not serve someone because someone

is telling me not to.

This is... it's given.

That's part of me.

I will never, even if they put me on a plane.

You're coming with us.

Why?

What did I do?

No!

Come on.

I'm just doing my job.

Leave me alone!

Coming in.

Come on out.

Open up.

Come with us.

Come on, you.

Coming with us,.

What?

What's this all about?

What's going on?

Archie.

It's Les.

Let's go.

Arch.

What's going on?

What's with the gun?

We gotta go.

Where are we going?

Get dressed.

We gotta go.

I'm dressed.

Where are we going?

We're going to the ballpark.

Get your hat.

Let's go.

I don't understand why we have to go.

Shouldn't have been with the wobblies.

I just wanted to hear what they had to say.

I can't believe my own brother is doing this to me.

Your brother is keeping you safe from the mob.

I am Rosa McKay, and I'm a state legislator,

and I have a right to deliver this telegraph.

People were just asking her, Rosa, please help us.

She was a state legislator.

And so she came downtown to wire President Wilson,

and they wouldn't let her.

Just wouldn't let her do it.

You need to calm down.

Take it easy.

Calm down.

Calm down.

Follow along, boys.

Take it easy.

Everything will be explained.

I have family in there.

I understand, ma'am.

About time we do something with these rattlesnakes.

Finally, we're getting them out of town, where they belong.

Give them to the army, see what the army can do with them.

Un-American suckers.

Yeah, look at them.

Ever see such a motley crew?

Terrible.

Shameful.

When you replay something like this and you do it,

it's very, very disturbing.

With these weapons at the ready like this,

herding people like cattle, it's just wrong.

It feels wrong.

To me, right now, it feels wrong.

Move on.

Come on.

Come on!

Stand down.

Last chance!

Get back to work!

It's your last chance.

No!

Last chance, y'all.

Get on back to work.

My sons!

My sons!

My sons!

My sons!

Back up.

They're criminals.

Back up.

They're criminals.

Back up.

Solidarity forever.

Solidarity forever.

The union makes us strong.

You're a criminal.

Now back up.

You're the criminal.

All of you, back up.

Back in line.

Back up.

Back up.

We are the IWW.

Get out of here.

People have rights.

We're not breaking the law.

I even voted for you, Sheriff.

All of you have been arrested for disturbance of the peace.

Don't you worry about it.

Hey, quiet in the ranks.

Come on, keep it rolling.

Last chance to get back to work.

On the car.

On the car.

On the car.

On the car.

Get up there.

Get your hands off.

Get your hands off him.

Get your hands off me!

Let's go.

he goes bollocks.

Get back to work.

This is wrong, what you're doing.

This is wrong.

Let us go!

This is wrong.

You're a bunch of scabs!

This is un-American.

This is wrong what you're doing.

This is wrong what you're doing.

Bunch of scabs.

We didn't do anything!

You're all a bunch of scabs.

The deportees are getting loaded into boxcars,

getting ready to ship out of town.

They won't break us.

They won't break us.

As a person in today's world, yeah, it's

really a question whether it should be done or not.

Back in the time, it was probably

different feelings on it, but with today's values

and today's ideals, it shouldn't be happening.

In today's world, you know, you don't... this is not how you

handle your issues.

You don't just vigilante-style justice

and throw them into boxcars and send them off.

I've got to admit, the side that I'm on right now.

But that's using then values and, you know,

the world's changed a lot since then.

I got supper.

Close the door.

If we ever see you in Bisbee again, we will kill you.

They got what they needed from the immigrants.

They built what they needed to build,

and they said, we don't need anymore,

let's run them out of town.

This is where I grew up, so I feel

like I should be more involved.

I'm a person that believes in destiny

because I feel like our story has been written for us,

but it's just up to us to participate or not.

The mining company's plan to crush the strike and unions

had succeeded.

Families were broken up, women and children

left without means of support.

Friends and neighbors became enemies.

The events that led to July 12 and the actions on that day

left permanent and painful scars.

Men died.

Men disappeared.

Life in Bisbee went on.

But in our own time, and in this mining town

on the border with Mexico, the word deportation

is alive with meaning.

It will not be forgotten.

I don't know if I want to touch your hand.

I don't know if I want to touch it.

Yeah, really.

Thank you.

And everything I said, I don't mean anymore.

Oh, yeah.

This is like the largest group therapy session.

Yeah, it is.

Everybody be nice and calm when they go home for dinner.

Maybe a little hoarse.

Tired.

You guys are pretty good.

Too damn good.

We are waiting, brother, waiting,

though the night be dark and long.

And we know 'tis in the making

they have herded us like cattle, torn us

from our homes and wives.

Yes, we've heard their rifles rattle

and have feared for our lives.

We have seen the workers thousands march like bandits

down the street, corporation gunmen round them,

and yes we've heard their tramping feet.

It was in the morning early of the fateful July 12,

and the year's 1917 this took place of which I tell.

Servants of the with white bands on their arms

drove and dragged us out with curses,

threats to kill on every hand.

Question protest, all were useless to those hounds

who held that noose.

Nothing but an armed resistance would avail with these brutes.

There they held us long lines waiting

'neath the blazing desert sun.

Some with eyes bloodshot and bleary wished for water,

but had none.

Yes, some brave lives brought us water, loving hearts

and hands were theirs, but the gunmen cursing often

thwarted down upon the sands.

Down the streets in squads of 50 we were marched

and some were chained, down to where

the shining rails stretched across the sandy plains.

When in haste with kicks and curses

we were herded into cars, and it seemed

our lungs were bursting with the odor of the yards.

Floors were inches deep with refuse left there

from the herds.

Good enough for miners, damn them.

May they soon be food for birds.

No farewells were then allowed us,

wives and babes were left behind,

though I saw their arms around us as I closed my eyes

and wept.

After what seemed like weeks of torture,

we were at our journey's end, left to starve upon the border

almost on Caranza's land, and they

ran through law and order, love of God

and fellow man freedom for the border being

sent from promised lands comes the day

I will remember sure as death relentless too grim

their accusers, let them call on God not you.

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