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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:01,000 --> 00:00:07,280 how to open a star portal uh they were 2 00:00:03,760 --> 00:00:11,120 talking about this stone called a K2 3 00:00:07,280 --> 00:00:13,160 megalith so the K2 megalith is a massive 4 00:00:11,120 --> 00:00:15,519 Crystal about this 5 00:00:13,160 --> 00:00:18,320 big and it's underneath one of the 6 00:00:15,519 --> 00:00:20,600 tunnels in Bosnia leading up to the 7 00:00:18,320 --> 00:00:23,119 Pyramid of the 8 00:00:20,600 --> 00:00:25,199 sun now the Pyramid of the sun is a 9 00:00:23,119 --> 00:00:26,960 gigantic pyramid in Bosnia this is in 10 00:00:25,199 --> 00:00:30,000 Europe This pyramid is larger than the 11 00:00:26,960 --> 00:00:32,079 Great Pyramid in diesa now this K2 megal 12 00:00:30,000 --> 00:00:35,280 Crystal that was in there it had writing 13 00:00:32,079 --> 00:00:37,480 on it the writing said we must stand in 14 00:00:35,280 --> 00:00:39,559 defense okay we must stand in fight 15 00:00:37,480 --> 00:00:40,559 basically they're saying until we can 16 00:00:39,559 --> 00:00:43,200 open this 17 00:00:40,559 --> 00:00:45,960 portal so there was a war going on that 18 00:00:43,200 --> 00:00:48,360 dates back to the pyramid War the last 19 00:00:45,960 --> 00:00:51,039 pyramid war that decimated Mohan jundo 20 00:00:48,360 --> 00:00:54,039 in the indis valley that decimated the 21 00:00:51,039 --> 00:00:56,559 entire Giza plateau and turned it into a 22 00:00:54,039 --> 00:00:58,960 desert are there good aliens and bad 23 00:00:56,559 --> 00:01:00,480 aliens good Al and bad aliens in all 24 00:00:58,960 --> 00:01:03,000 kinds of ways and reasons for 25 00:01:00,480 --> 00:01:05,119 interacting with us you know there's a 26 00:01:03,000 --> 00:01:07,479 misconception here people think that uh 27 00:01:05,119 --> 00:01:09,400 our space brothers would bring us uh 28 00:01:07,479 --> 00:01:12,560 good 29 00:01:09,400 --> 00:01:14,880 things the ebes are so Advanced they're 30 00:01:12,560 --> 00:01:17,799 they're at least a half a billion years 31 00:01:14,880 --> 00:01:22,040 Advanced from us and probably 32 00:01:17,799 --> 00:01:23,200 more now can they exist Among Us it's my 33 00:01:22,040 --> 00:01:24,640 understanding they can only last about 34 00:01:23,200 --> 00:01:27,720 20 minutes in this 35 00:01:24,640 --> 00:01:30,000 [Music] 36 00:01:27,720 --> 00:01:31,840 here anuradapura 37 00:01:30,000 --> 00:01:34,520 one of Sri Lanka's most significant 38 00:01:31,840 --> 00:01:36,560 historical cities was the capital of an 39 00:01:34,520 --> 00:01:39,280 ancient empire that ruled the region for 40 00:01:36,560 --> 00:01:41,840 over a thousand years known as the land 41 00:01:39,280 --> 00:01:44,360 of Kings it was a center of Sri Lankan 42 00:01:41,840 --> 00:01:47,640 culture and home to magnificent Buddhist 43 00:01:44,360 --> 00:01:51,360 monuments among its ruins is the 40 acre 44 00:01:47,640 --> 00:01:54,439 ranm masu uyana or golden fish Park a 45 00:01:51,360 --> 00:01:55,799 Royal Garden with Lush Pathways pools 46 00:01:54,439 --> 00:01:57,759 and engraved 47 00:01:55,799 --> 00:02:00,039 illustrations however the most 48 00:01:57,759 --> 00:02:02,399 intriguing feature of this park is is 49 00:02:00,039 --> 00:02:05,399 not a monument but an enigmatic carving 50 00:02:02,399 --> 00:02:07,520 known as squala Chaka or the universe 51 00:02:05,399 --> 00:02:09,640 cycle which remains one of the most 52 00:02:07,520 --> 00:02:13,599 mysterious ancient artifacts not only in 53 00:02:09,640 --> 00:02:17,280 Sri Lanka but globally so what is sakala 54 00:02:13,599 --> 00:02:20,000 Chaka who built it and why we'll break 55 00:02:17,280 --> 00:02:23,480 it down and uncover sakala chaka's 56 00:02:20,000 --> 00:02:25,599 hidden secrets sakala chakaya is a 6 57 00:02:23,480 --> 00:02:27,920 wide carving made up of seven concentric 58 00:02:25,599 --> 00:02:30,120 circles divided by vertical and 59 00:02:27,920 --> 00:02:33,080 horizontal lines filled with cross 60 00:02:30,120 --> 00:02:35,879 circles and other symbols the outer ring 61 00:02:33,080 --> 00:02:38,280 depicts various marine animals despite 62 00:02:35,879 --> 00:02:40,200 its intricate design archaeologists and 63 00:02:38,280 --> 00:02:42,599 historians are baffled by its Origins 64 00:02:40,200 --> 00:02:45,159 and purpose it stands Out Among the 65 00:02:42,599 --> 00:02:46,879 other carvings in anuradapura as it 66 00:02:45,159 --> 00:02:49,000 Bears no resemblance to traditional 67 00:02:46,879 --> 00:02:51,920 Buddhist iconography found elsewhere in 68 00:02:49,000 --> 00:02:53,800 Sri Lanka or the world this anomaly has 69 00:02:51,920 --> 00:02:56,000 left experts wondering how it came to 70 00:02:53,800 --> 00:02:58,680 exist in a city filled with monuments 71 00:02:56,000 --> 00:03:03,480 from the anuradapura Empire which began 72 00:02:58,680 --> 00:03:05,720 in 37 77 BCE what makes sakala chakaya 73 00:03:03,480 --> 00:03:07,920 even more puzzling is that it is absent 74 00:03:05,720 --> 00:03:10,239 from historical records meticulously 75 00:03:07,920 --> 00:03:11,280 kept by the anuradapura Empire and 76 00:03:10,239 --> 00:03:13,480 Buddhist 77 00:03:11,280 --> 00:03:15,040 monasteries these records provide 78 00:03:13,480 --> 00:03:17,239 detailed accounts of the Empire's 79 00:03:15,040 --> 00:03:19,680 architecture religious practices and 80 00:03:17,239 --> 00:03:22,640 daily life yet they do not mention the 81 00:03:19,680 --> 00:03:23,840 creation function or even existence of 82 00:03:22,640 --> 00:03:26,440 sakala 83 00:03:23,840 --> 00:03:29,080 Chaka some scientists have speculated 84 00:03:26,440 --> 00:03:30,360 that the carving could be up to 6,500 85 00:03:29,080 --> 00:03:31,680 years old 86 00:03:30,360 --> 00:03:33,879 possibly making it one of the world's 87 00:03:31,680 --> 00:03:36,959 oldest one of the earlier studies on 88 00:03:33,879 --> 00:03:40,120 sakala chakaya was conducted by British 89 00:03:36,959 --> 00:03:42,920 archaeologist hcp Bell in 90 00:03:40,120 --> 00:03:44,680 1911 Bell theorized that the carving 91 00:03:42,920 --> 00:03:46,920 represented Buddhist Notions of the 92 00:03:44,680 --> 00:03:48,879 universe describing its concentric 93 00:03:46,920 --> 00:03:51,560 circles and surrounding symbols as 94 00:03:48,879 --> 00:03:54,000 representations of cosmic elements 95 00:03:51,560 --> 00:03:55,840 however this explanation fell apart when 96 00:03:54,000 --> 00:03:58,120 researchers noted that the carvings 97 00:03:55,840 --> 00:04:00,400 design did not match any known Buddhist 98 00:03:58,120 --> 00:04:03,000 universe depictions which prompted 99 00:04:00,400 --> 00:04:05,720 further speculation some suggested that 100 00:04:03,000 --> 00:04:08,159 sakala Chaka might be a blueprint for a 101 00:04:05,720 --> 00:04:10,360 technical project like an irrigation 102 00:04:08,159 --> 00:04:12,560 system or a place for discussion as 103 00:04:10,360 --> 00:04:13,720 indicated by the four seats carved into 104 00:04:12,560 --> 00:04:16,720 the Rock 105 00:04:13,720 --> 00:04:19,320 nearby recent interpretations of sakala 106 00:04:16,720 --> 00:04:21,639 Chaka propose that the carving resembles 107 00:04:19,320 --> 00:04:23,440 modern electrical diagrams the 108 00:04:21,639 --> 00:04:25,919 concentric circles may represent 109 00:04:23,440 --> 00:04:27,919 electromagnetic waves while symbols 110 00:04:25,919 --> 00:04:29,800 resembling satellite antennas and 111 00:04:27,919 --> 00:04:31,160 circuit components have sparked theories 112 00:04:29,800 --> 00:04:33,759 that the carving could be an ancient 113 00:04:31,160 --> 00:04:35,840 electrical blueprint though these ideas 114 00:04:33,759 --> 00:04:37,280 may seem far-fetched they have gained 115 00:04:35,840 --> 00:04:39,240 attention due to the remarkable 116 00:04:37,280 --> 00:04:41,880 resemblance between the carving symbols 117 00:04:39,240 --> 00:04:43,800 and modern technical diagrams 118 00:04:41,880 --> 00:04:46,360 Additionally the possibility of ancient 119 00:04:43,800 --> 00:04:48,960 civilizations using electricity is not 120 00:04:46,360 --> 00:04:50,320 entirely dismissed by some researchers 121 00:04:48,960 --> 00:04:52,440 though it remains 122 00:04:50,320 --> 00:04:54,880 speculative even more extraordinary are 123 00:04:52,440 --> 00:04:57,360 local Legends which claim sakala Chaka 124 00:04:54,880 --> 00:05:00,919 is a Stargate a portal to other parts of 125 00:04:57,360 --> 00:05:02,880 the universe according to Sri an epics 126 00:05:00,919 --> 00:05:04,960 this Stargate allowed Gods to travel 127 00:05:02,880 --> 00:05:06,960 between Earth and distant Cosmic 128 00:05:04,960 --> 00:05:09,080 destinations many people believe that 129 00:05:06,960 --> 00:05:11,800 the carving holds a secret code that 130 00:05:09,080 --> 00:05:13,759 when activated could open the Stargate 131 00:05:11,800 --> 00:05:15,880 some tantric Buddhist monks still 132 00:05:13,759 --> 00:05:18,319 meditate in front of the carving hoping 133 00:05:15,880 --> 00:05:20,080 to unlock its potential although this 134 00:05:18,319 --> 00:05:22,160 theory is dismissed by mainstream 135 00:05:20,080 --> 00:05:25,680 science paranormal researcher Prine 136 00:05:22,160 --> 00:05:27,919 Mohan added to the Myster in 2019 when 137 00:05:25,680 --> 00:05:31,479 he detected unusual energy emissions 138 00:05:27,919 --> 00:05:33,560 from The Carving using an MF detector 139 00:05:31,479 --> 00:05:35,720 further investigations of anuradapura 140 00:05:33,560 --> 00:05:37,880 reveal that its ancient Builders 141 00:05:35,720 --> 00:05:41,520 possessed remarkable astronomical 142 00:05:37,880 --> 00:05:42,759 knowledge a study in 1996 by researcher 143 00:05:41,520 --> 00:05:45,560 mihindukulasuriya 144 00:05:42,759 --> 00:05:47,440 susantha Fernando found that three of 145 00:05:45,560 --> 00:05:50,280 the city's main sters were aligned with 146 00:05:47,440 --> 00:05:52,280 three stars in the Orion constellation 147 00:05:50,280 --> 00:05:55,240 this astronomical Precision extended 148 00:05:52,280 --> 00:05:57,759 beyond the sters archaeologists 149 00:05:55,240 --> 00:05:59,880 discovered that ran masu uana the park 150 00:05:57,759 --> 00:06:02,360 where sakala Chaka sits served as as an 151 00:05:59,880 --> 00:06:04,080 astronomical calendar stone structures 152 00:06:02,360 --> 00:06:06,360 in the park were designed to track the 153 00:06:04,080 --> 00:06:08,560 positions of the sun and stars marking 154 00:06:06,360 --> 00:06:12,199 the solar year and predicting important 155 00:06:08,560 --> 00:06:16,440 astronomical events the question remains 156 00:06:12,199 --> 00:06:19,759 how did anuradapura ancient Builders 157 00:06:16,440 --> 00:06:22,720 acquire such Advanced knowledge their 158 00:06:19,759 --> 00:06:25,919 expertise wasn't limited to astronomy 159 00:06:22,720 --> 00:06:28,680 the anuradapura region is also famous 160 00:06:25,919 --> 00:06:30,479 for its engineering Marvels including an 161 00:06:28,680 --> 00:06:32,919 advanced hydraulic system that provided 162 00:06:30,479 --> 00:06:35,479 water for agriculture drinking and Royal 163 00:06:32,919 --> 00:06:37,960 Gardens this system consisting of 164 00:06:35,479 --> 00:06:40,240 interconnected reservoirs canals and 165 00:06:37,960 --> 00:06:41,880 modern style valve pits is still 166 00:06:40,240 --> 00:06:44,360 considered a model for modern Water 167 00:06:41,880 --> 00:06:46,479 Management with Sri Lanka facing the 168 00:06:44,360 --> 00:06:48,360 effects of climate change researchers 169 00:06:46,479 --> 00:06:50,440 are looking to this ancient hydraulic 170 00:06:48,360 --> 00:06:52,800 system for solutions to current water 171 00:06:50,440 --> 00:06:58,080 management issues during the Empire's 172 00:06:52,800 --> 00:07:00,199 prominence from 377 BCE to 17 CE 173 00:06:58,080 --> 00:07:02,440 anuradapura became a Hub of World 174 00:07:00,199 --> 00:07:05,599 Knowledge attracting Scholars from as 175 00:07:02,440 --> 00:07:07,560 far as China and Kashmir visitors came 176 00:07:05,599 --> 00:07:09,280 to study texts and receed guidance from 177 00:07:07,560 --> 00:07:12,720 sages on subjects like science 178 00:07:09,280 --> 00:07:14,800 engineering Agriculture and philosophy 179 00:07:12,720 --> 00:07:16,560 interestingly archaeological evidence 180 00:07:14,800 --> 00:07:19,199 suggests that a thriving settlement 181 00:07:16,560 --> 00:07:22,120 existed in anuradapura centuries before 182 00:07:19,199 --> 00:07:23,759 the Empire officially began this raises 183 00:07:22,120 --> 00:07:25,759 questions about the origins of this 184 00:07:23,759 --> 00:07:27,479 Advanced civilization and how it 185 00:07:25,759 --> 00:07:29,919 acquired such profound 186 00:07:27,479 --> 00:07:32,039 knowledge one possible clue Li in the 187 00:07:29,919 --> 00:07:34,319 Great South Asian epic the 188 00:07:32,039 --> 00:07:37,599 ramayana composed between the 8th 189 00:07:34,319 --> 00:07:39,440 Century BCE and the 3r century CE it 190 00:07:37,599 --> 00:07:41,919 tells the story of the Indian Prince 191 00:07:39,440 --> 00:07:44,440 Rama and his battle with the evil king 192 00:07:41,919 --> 00:07:46,039 raavana of Lanka while raavana is 193 00:07:44,440 --> 00:07:48,639 portrayed as the antagonist in the 194 00:07:46,039 --> 00:07:50,840 ramayana Sri Lankan sources view him 195 00:07:48,639 --> 00:07:53,759 differently as an extraordinary leader 196 00:07:50,840 --> 00:07:55,960 of an advanced civilization raavana was 197 00:07:53,759 --> 00:07:57,879 said to be a scholar inventor and 198 00:07:55,960 --> 00:08:00,400 legendary scientist who wrote about 199 00:07:57,879 --> 00:08:01,840 medicine and astrology according to 200 00:08:00,400 --> 00:08:03,720 Legend he possessed Advanced 201 00:08:01,840 --> 00:08:06,360 Technologies including the pushpaka 202 00:08:03,720 --> 00:08:08,520 viman a flying machine described as a 203 00:08:06,360 --> 00:08:11,120 chariot resembling a bright cloud in the 204 00:08:08,520 --> 00:08:13,440 sky ravena's Reign is said to have been 205 00:08:11,120 --> 00:08:15,240 one of great Prosperity with Tales of 206 00:08:13,440 --> 00:08:18,720 even the poorest households eating from 207 00:08:15,240 --> 00:08:21,120 Golden pots for Sri Lankans ravana is 208 00:08:18,720 --> 00:08:23,080 not a mythical figure but a real king 209 00:08:21,120 --> 00:08:25,000 who ruled thousands of years ago around 210 00:08:23,080 --> 00:08:27,479 7,000 years before the present day 211 00:08:25,000 --> 00:08:29,879 according to the ramayana this raises 212 00:08:27,479 --> 00:08:31,680 the question how could raavana have had 213 00:08:29,879 --> 00:08:34,279 access to Advanced Technologies like 214 00:08:31,680 --> 00:08:36,200 flying machines cures for diseases and 215 00:08:34,279 --> 00:08:38,599 astronomical knowledge far ahead of his 216 00:08:36,200 --> 00:08:40,240 time some believe that the answers to 217 00:08:38,599 --> 00:08:42,399 these questions can be found at the 218 00:08:40,240 --> 00:08:45,200 incredible archaeological sites around 219 00:08:42,399 --> 00:08:48,040 anuradapura one of the most famous of 220 00:08:45,200 --> 00:08:51,680 these is sigara a fortress built at top 221 00:08:48,040 --> 00:08:54,000 a 600t column of rock located about 45 222 00:08:51,680 --> 00:08:56,279 mi from anuradapura 223 00:08:54,000 --> 00:08:58,560 sigara was a Marvel of ancient 224 00:08:56,279 --> 00:09:00,079 engineering complete with a palace 225 00:08:58,560 --> 00:09:03,040 landscaped Garden 226 00:09:00,079 --> 00:09:05,279 and a massive pool archaeologists 227 00:09:03,040 --> 00:09:08,160 believe the Fortress was in use at least 228 00:09:05,279 --> 00:09:10,680 1,500 years ago but the scale of the 229 00:09:08,160 --> 00:09:12,519 construction still baffles researchers 230 00:09:10,680 --> 00:09:14,600 the Builders of sigura are said to have 231 00:09:12,519 --> 00:09:16,640 moved over 3 million bricks to the Top 232 00:09:14,600 --> 00:09:19,360 of the Rock which seems impossible 233 00:09:16,640 --> 00:09:22,000 without modern technology Additionally 234 00:09:19,360 --> 00:09:23,800 the 90t long water tank at top The Rock 235 00:09:22,000 --> 00:09:25,680 was carved out of solid granite and 236 00:09:23,800 --> 00:09:27,200 despite droughts or heavy rains it never 237 00:09:25,680 --> 00:09:29,480 dries up or 238 00:09:27,200 --> 00:09:31,680 overflows this engineering feat has 239 00:09:29,480 --> 00:09:33,560 baffled scientists leading some to 240 00:09:31,680 --> 00:09:35,440 speculate about how the ancient Builders 241 00:09:33,560 --> 00:09:38,240 could have achieved such Precision with 242 00:09:35,440 --> 00:09:40,880 primitive tools according to ancient Sri 243 00:09:38,240 --> 00:09:43,399 Lankan sources ceria was built by the 244 00:09:40,880 --> 00:09:47,120 gods as an impregnable Fortress for King 245 00:09:43,399 --> 00:09:48,839 ravana in 19007 archaeologists 246 00:09:47,120 --> 00:09:51,480 discovered a massive picture gallery of 247 00:09:48,839 --> 00:09:52,920 paintings in the caves around sigara 248 00:09:51,480 --> 00:09:54,760 these paintings depicted figures 249 00:09:52,920 --> 00:09:57,200 emerging from clouds and carrying 250 00:09:54,760 --> 00:09:58,920 various objects sparking theories that 251 00:09:57,200 --> 00:10:01,120 they might represent the gods or perhaps 252 00:09:58,920 --> 00:10:03,040 extra terrestrial visitors who helped 253 00:10:01,120 --> 00:10:06,079 raavana build his 254 00:10:03,040 --> 00:10:08,040 Fortress the story of sakala Chaka comes 255 00:10:06,079 --> 00:10:10,600 into play again when considering these 256 00:10:08,040 --> 00:10:13,000 Legends some believe that the Stargate 257 00:10:10,600 --> 00:10:15,399 referenced in local myths was not just 258 00:10:13,000 --> 00:10:18,519 depicted in the carving but was actually 259 00:10:15,399 --> 00:10:20,480 constructed at sigara allowing ravana's 260 00:10:18,519 --> 00:10:23,600 visitors from the sky to travel to and 261 00:10:20,480 --> 00:10:25,760 from Earth if these gods were 262 00:10:23,600 --> 00:10:27,920 extraterrestrial visitors it might 263 00:10:25,760 --> 00:10:30,440 explain ravana's Advanced knowledge and 264 00:10:27,920 --> 00:10:32,880 technological capabilities including the 265 00:10:30,440 --> 00:10:36,320 pushpaka viman Flying 266 00:10:32,880 --> 00:10:38,880 Machine about 60 mi from sigara lies 267 00:10:36,320 --> 00:10:41,639 another intriguing site danig Gala 268 00:10:38,880 --> 00:10:45,279 circular Rock known to locals as alien 269 00:10:41,639 --> 00:10:47,720 Mountain due to frequent UFO sightings 270 00:10:45,279 --> 00:10:50,440 according to Legend danig Gala was the 271 00:10:47,720 --> 00:10:53,040 site of ravana's Aviation headquarters 272 00:10:50,440 --> 00:10:55,160 where he landed and launched his flying 273 00:10:53,040 --> 00:10:57,279 machines locals believe that the 274 00:10:55,160 --> 00:10:59,680 knowledge of flight raavana possessed 275 00:10:57,279 --> 00:11:01,440 came from the visitors from the sky and 276 00:10:59,680 --> 00:11:04,279 that danig galala served as a landing 277 00:11:01,440 --> 00:11:06,399 pad for their crafts in modern times 278 00:11:04,279 --> 00:11:09,279 hundreds of UFO sightings have been 279 00:11:06,399 --> 00:11:11,639 reported at danala adding to its 280 00:11:09,279 --> 00:11:14,600 Mystique as research continues the 281 00:11:11,639 --> 00:11:17,120 mystery surrounding anuradapura sigara 282 00:11:14,600 --> 00:11:20,760 and sakala Chaka 283 00:11:17,120 --> 00:11:26,000 deepens for hundreds of years the anad 284 00:11:20,760 --> 00:11:28,600 was abandoned in a dense forest a 285 00:11:26,000 --> 00:11:32,279 jungle the scale of the ancient remains 286 00:11:28,600 --> 00:11:34,440 of Anor but are 500 times larger than 287 00:11:32,279 --> 00:11:34,440 the 288 00:11:35,399 --> 00:11:40,639 pyramids it is more difficult to 289 00:11:38,200 --> 00:11:43,480 construct the remains of Anor 290 00:11:40,639 --> 00:11:47,040 wats then to construct Los Angeles of 291 00:11:43,480 --> 00:11:48,959 the United States again the Kare Empire 292 00:11:47,040 --> 00:11:50,839 known for its remarkable architectural 293 00:11:48,959 --> 00:11:53,279 achievements and extensive territorial 294 00:11:50,839 --> 00:11:54,800 reach has been further illuminated by 295 00:11:53,279 --> 00:11:56,959 modern liar 296 00:11:54,800 --> 00:11:58,760 technology this Advanced tool has 297 00:11:56,959 --> 00:12:01,320 allowed archaeologists to peer beneath 298 00:11:58,760 --> 00:12:03,040 the dense jungle canopy uncovering 299 00:12:01,320 --> 00:12:05,279 hidden aspects of this ancient 300 00:12:03,040 --> 00:12:07,880 civilization and that is the center of 301 00:12:05,279 --> 00:12:09,959 the CH Empire right there that's the 302 00:12:07,880 --> 00:12:12,519 area that we're going to be uh looking 303 00:12:09,959 --> 00:12:14,800 at two significant sites Anor and 304 00:12:12,519 --> 00:12:17,240 Mahendra Pata have been the focus of 305 00:12:14,800 --> 00:12:19,120 extensive leadar surveys revealing a 306 00:12:17,240 --> 00:12:21,120 wealth of previously unknown details 307 00:12:19,120 --> 00:12:23,680 about the Empire's urban planning water 308 00:12:21,120 --> 00:12:26,040 management and agricultural practices 309 00:12:23,680 --> 00:12:28,399 the CH empire particularly its epicenter 310 00:12:26,040 --> 00:12:29,800 at Anor has long been renowned for its 311 00:12:28,399 --> 00:12:32,320 architectural GR Grandeur and 312 00:12:29,800 --> 00:12:34,279 sophisticated infrastructure the Advent 313 00:12:32,320 --> 00:12:36,279 of liar technology has provided 314 00:12:34,279 --> 00:12:39,279 unprecedented insights into the scale 315 00:12:36,279 --> 00:12:41,680 and complexity of anor's urban sprawl 316 00:12:39,279 --> 00:12:42,680 Water Management systems and extensive 317 00:12:41,680 --> 00:12:44,720 Road 318 00:12:42,680 --> 00:12:46,680 networks these discoveries have 319 00:12:44,720 --> 00:12:49,360 significantly expanded our understanding 320 00:12:46,680 --> 00:12:51,279 of this ancient civilization uncovering 321 00:12:49,360 --> 00:12:53,560 a host of new details about its 322 00:12:51,279 --> 00:12:55,839 construction methods architectural 323 00:12:53,560 --> 00:12:57,680 Styles and the logistical prowess 324 00:12:55,839 --> 00:13:01,320 required to build such an expansive 325 00:12:57,680 --> 00:13:04,000 Empire the pre history of this place at 326 00:13:01,320 --> 00:13:07,560 least of Cambodia is not well known 327 00:13:04,000 --> 00:13:09,519 between 2012 and 2015 a series of Lear 328 00:13:07,560 --> 00:13:12,279 surveys revealed the true extent of 329 00:13:09,519 --> 00:13:15,399 anor's urban sprawl these surveys 330 00:13:12,279 --> 00:13:17,000 covered over 1,000 square kilm extending 331 00:13:15,399 --> 00:13:20,199 far beyond the well-known Temple 332 00:13:17,000 --> 00:13:22,199 complexes of Anor wat and Anor Tom the 333 00:13:20,199 --> 00:13:24,000 detailed scans unveiled a densely 334 00:13:22,199 --> 00:13:26,120 populated Urban environment with a 335 00:13:24,000 --> 00:13:28,360 highly organized grid-like pattern 336 00:13:26,120 --> 00:13:29,839 showcasing the Empire's sophisticated 337 00:13:28,360 --> 00:13:31,720 urban planning 338 00:13:29,839 --> 00:13:34,120 the scans uncovered thousands of 339 00:13:31,720 --> 00:13:36,720 previously unknown residential areas 340 00:13:34,120 --> 00:13:39,560 each consisting of houses Courtyards and 341 00:13:36,720 --> 00:13:41,680 urban blocks these residential zones 342 00:13:39,560 --> 00:13:43,639 were systematically arranged reflecting 343 00:13:41,680 --> 00:13:45,800 a high degree of planning and social 344 00:13:43,639 --> 00:13:47,560 organization each household likely 345 00:13:45,800 --> 00:13:50,199 included wooden structures built on 346 00:13:47,560 --> 00:13:52,240 stilts which have since decayed leaving 347 00:13:50,199 --> 00:13:54,880 only the foundations visible through 348 00:13:52,240 --> 00:13:57,759 liar these homes were complemented by 349 00:13:54,880 --> 00:13:59,880 communal spaces and agricultural plots 350 00:13:57,759 --> 00:14:02,440 indicating a well balanced urban 351 00:13:59,880 --> 00:14:04,920 lifestyle Anor was revealed to be a 352 00:14:02,440 --> 00:14:07,440 hydraulic City featuring an intricate 353 00:14:04,920 --> 00:14:10,160 network of canals reservoirs known as 354 00:14:07,440 --> 00:14:13,160 Berets and Moes these systems were 355 00:14:10,160 --> 00:14:15,560 crucial for irrigation flood control and 356 00:14:13,160 --> 00:14:17,399 sustaining the urban population the 357 00:14:15,560 --> 00:14:19,639 network of water management structures 358 00:14:17,399 --> 00:14:22,040 showcased the Kare Empire's engineering 359 00:14:19,639 --> 00:14:23,839 expertise with meticulously designed 360 00:14:22,040 --> 00:14:25,440 channels ensuring efficient water 361 00:14:23,839 --> 00:14:27,399 distribution and management 362 00:14:25,440 --> 00:14:30,560 archaeologists don't know the truth of 363 00:14:27,399 --> 00:14:33,680 Earth history it is just that they are 364 00:14:30,560 --> 00:14:35,560 keep on making noise the West Beret one 365 00:14:33,680 --> 00:14:38,399 of the largest man-made reservoirs in 366 00:14:35,560 --> 00:14:41,399 the world measures approximately 8 km 367 00:14:38,399 --> 00:14:44,639 long and about 2 km wide with a capacity 368 00:14:41,399 --> 00:14:46,920 of around 50 million cubic M it played a 369 00:14:44,639 --> 00:14:49,800 pivotal role in anor's water management 370 00:14:46,920 --> 00:14:52,040 system the East Beret slightly smaller 371 00:14:49,800 --> 00:14:54,120 but equally impressive was similarly 372 00:14:52,040 --> 00:14:56,759 designed to manage Water Resources 373 00:14:54,120 --> 00:14:59,160 efficiently these Berets not only served 374 00:14:56,759 --> 00:15:01,279 practical purposes but also held 375 00:14:59,160 --> 00:15:03,320 significant religious and symbolic 376 00:15:01,279 --> 00:15:05,800 meanings the construction of these 377 00:15:03,320 --> 00:15:08,680 Waterworks involved elaborate spillways 378 00:15:05,800 --> 00:15:10,440 dikes and water channels the spillways 379 00:15:08,680 --> 00:15:12,360 were engineered to manage water flow 380 00:15:10,440 --> 00:15:14,320 during the rainy season preventing 381 00:15:12,360 --> 00:15:17,079 floods and ensuring a stable water 382 00:15:14,320 --> 00:15:19,160 supply year round the dkes and channels 383 00:15:17,079 --> 00:15:22,160 were constructed using massive Sandstone 384 00:15:19,160 --> 00:15:23,759 blocks each weighing several tons these 385 00:15:22,160 --> 00:15:27,079 blocks were quarried from the cooland 386 00:15:23,759 --> 00:15:29,399 mountains approximately 40 km away and 387 00:15:27,079 --> 00:15:32,319 transported to Anor through a combin of 388 00:15:29,399 --> 00:15:34,319 riverine and Overland routes leadar 389 00:15:32,319 --> 00:15:37,240 technology has also revealed a network 390 00:15:34,319 --> 00:15:38,920 of ancient highways radiating from Anor 391 00:15:37,240 --> 00:15:41,519 connecting it to other major centers 392 00:15:38,920 --> 00:15:43,959 within the K Empire these roads were 393 00:15:41,519 --> 00:15:45,759 meticulously planned and constructed 394 00:15:43,959 --> 00:15:48,720 reflecting the Empire's emphasis on 395 00:15:45,759 --> 00:15:51,199 connectivity and control lined with rest 396 00:15:48,720 --> 00:15:52,800 stops and administrative outposts these 397 00:15:51,199 --> 00:15:55,279 highways facilitated travel and 398 00:15:52,800 --> 00:15:57,800 communication across the Empire some 399 00:15:55,279 --> 00:15:59,880 outposts included large structures 400 00:15:57,800 --> 00:16:02,079 possibly serving as story or Garrison 401 00:15:59,880 --> 00:16:04,160 facilities indicating their importance 402 00:16:02,079 --> 00:16:06,279 in maintaining the Empire's 403 00:16:04,160 --> 00:16:08,160 cohesion the discovery of raised 404 00:16:06,279 --> 00:16:10,240 causeways highlighted the Advanced 405 00:16:08,160 --> 00:16:13,040 Construction techniques employed by K 406 00:16:10,240 --> 00:16:15,319 Builders these causeways often several 407 00:16:13,040 --> 00:16:17,600 kilometers long were elevated to remain 408 00:16:15,319 --> 00:16:19,839 functional during the monsoon season 409 00:16:17,600 --> 00:16:21,519 liar scans also uncovered numerous 410 00:16:19,839 --> 00:16:23,839 previously unknown temples and 411 00:16:21,519 --> 00:16:26,279 structures some buried under centuries 412 00:16:23,839 --> 00:16:28,920 of vegetation this area became 413 00:16:26,279 --> 00:16:30,759 indianized at this point Indian p 414 00:16:28,920 --> 00:16:33,440 Patriots claimed that this was actually 415 00:16:30,759 --> 00:16:35,440 greater India these discoveries included 416 00:16:33,440 --> 00:16:37,920 both small shrines and large Temple 417 00:16:35,440 --> 00:16:40,480 complexes enhancing the already rich 418 00:16:37,920 --> 00:16:42,319 religious landscape of Anor among the 419 00:16:40,480 --> 00:16:44,319 newly discovered structures were small 420 00:16:42,319 --> 00:16:46,920 shrines with intricate carvings and 421 00:16:44,319 --> 00:16:48,880 large temples with multiple sanctuaries 422 00:16:46,920 --> 00:16:51,120 reflecting the diverse architectural 423 00:16:48,880 --> 00:16:53,720 Styles and religious practices of the K 424 00:16:51,120 --> 00:16:56,279 Empire detailed mapping of remote Temple 425 00:16:53,720 --> 00:16:59,199 sites like bante cha revealed intricate 426 00:16:56,279 --> 00:17:02,000 bass reliefs and hidden Chambers located 427 00:16:59,199 --> 00:17:04,079 in Northwest Cambodia bantar is one of 428 00:17:02,000 --> 00:17:07,480 the largest temple complexes outside 429 00:17:04,079 --> 00:17:10,240 Anor the base reliefs at bantar depict 430 00:17:07,480 --> 00:17:12,760 scenes of battles religious rituals and 431 00:17:10,240 --> 00:17:15,160 daily life the temple complex also 432 00:17:12,760 --> 00:17:18,079 features large enclosures and Moes 433 00:17:15,160 --> 00:17:20,039 indicative of its significance and scale 434 00:17:18,079 --> 00:17:22,679 the types and sizes of structures 435 00:17:20,039 --> 00:17:25,360 discovered through leadar are varied and 436 00:17:22,679 --> 00:17:27,480 impressive Anor wat the largest 437 00:17:25,360 --> 00:17:30,799 religious monument in the world covers 438 00:17:27,480 --> 00:17:33,160 an area of 400 1 Acres constructed 439 00:17:30,799 --> 00:17:35,919 primarily from sandstone blocks some 440 00:17:33,160 --> 00:17:37,440 weighing up to 1 and 1/2 tons Anor wat 441 00:17:35,919 --> 00:17:40,679 is renowned for its grandure and 442 00:17:37,440 --> 00:17:43,039 intricate bass reliefs Bayon Temple 443 00:17:40,679 --> 00:17:46,039 known for its enigmatic smiling faces 444 00:17:43,039 --> 00:17:48,360 features 54 Towers adorned with 216 445 00:17:46,039 --> 00:17:50,080 Stone faces the Temple's complex 446 00:17:48,360 --> 00:17:52,320 structure includes numerous Galleries 447 00:17:50,080 --> 00:17:55,039 and Chambers constructed using massive 448 00:17:52,320 --> 00:17:56,799 stone blocks taprom famous for the 449 00:17:55,039 --> 00:17:58,840 intertwining roots of large trees 450 00:17:56,799 --> 00:18:00,919 enveloping the temple ruins EX 451 00:17:58,840 --> 00:18:03,240 exemplifies the blend of Nature and 452 00:18:00,919 --> 00:18:05,480 architecture this Temple complex is 453 00:18:03,240 --> 00:18:07,799 extensive with multiple Courtyards and 454 00:18:05,480 --> 00:18:10,640 corridors creating a sense of Discovery 455 00:18:07,799 --> 00:18:12,559 and enchantment the leadar scans also 456 00:18:10,640 --> 00:18:14,600 revealed the layout of residential and 457 00:18:12,559 --> 00:18:16,559 administrative buildings although the 458 00:18:14,600 --> 00:18:18,520 wooden structures have decayed their 459 00:18:16,559 --> 00:18:20,840 Stone foundations showed the layout of 460 00:18:18,520 --> 00:18:22,520 residential areas these houses were 461 00:18:20,840 --> 00:18:25,200 built on stilts to protect against 462 00:18:22,520 --> 00:18:27,240 flooding and pests along the highways 463 00:18:25,200 --> 00:18:29,520 several large buildings likely served as 464 00:18:27,240 --> 00:18:32,039 administrative centers constructed with 465 00:18:29,520 --> 00:18:34,000 laterite and Sandstone these buildings 466 00:18:32,039 --> 00:18:36,320 featured multiple rooms and storage 467 00:18:34,000 --> 00:18:38,760 areas highlighting their multifunctional 468 00:18:36,320 --> 00:18:40,440 use stone blocks used in these 469 00:18:38,760 --> 00:18:42,919 constructions were primarily sourced 470 00:18:40,440 --> 00:18:45,120 from the Coolin mountains Sandstone 471 00:18:42,919 --> 00:18:47,440 blocks the primary material for temple 472 00:18:45,120 --> 00:18:49,360 construction were transported to Anor 473 00:18:47,440 --> 00:18:51,720 using a combination of river and land 474 00:18:49,360 --> 00:18:55,000 routs some of these blocks weighed as 475 00:18:51,720 --> 00:18:57,159 much as 1 and A2 tons laterite blocks 476 00:18:55,000 --> 00:18:59,480 used primarily for foundation work and 477 00:18:57,159 --> 00:19:01,840 less visible structures were sourced 478 00:18:59,480 --> 00:19:03,880 locally their porous Nature Made Them 479 00:19:01,840 --> 00:19:06,960 easier to work with though they were 480 00:19:03,880 --> 00:19:09,200 less durable than sandstone in 2012 481 00:19:06,960 --> 00:19:11,640 archaeologists using liar technology 482 00:19:09,200 --> 00:19:14,480 rediscovered Mahendra parvata one of the 483 00:19:11,640 --> 00:19:16,520 first major capitals of the K Empire 484 00:19:14,480 --> 00:19:19,280 this city situated on fnom culin 485 00:19:16,520 --> 00:19:20,880 Mountain predates the famous Anor wat 486 00:19:19,280 --> 00:19:23,640 and offers a glimpse into the formative 487 00:19:20,880 --> 00:19:26,080 years of K Urban Development the liar 488 00:19:23,640 --> 00:19:27,919 scans covered the dense jungle canopy 489 00:19:26,080 --> 00:19:30,400 uncovering the Hidden City and providing 490 00:19:27,919 --> 00:19:32,000 a comprehensive map of its layout the 491 00:19:30,400 --> 00:19:34,480 city featured a grid pattern with 492 00:19:32,000 --> 00:19:37,480 clearly defined residential areas public 493 00:19:34,480 --> 00:19:39,000 buildings temples and Roads the scans 494 00:19:37,480 --> 00:19:40,760 uncovered thousands of structures 495 00:19:39,000 --> 00:19:42,480 including residential homes 496 00:19:40,760 --> 00:19:44,760 administrative buildings and religious 497 00:19:42,480 --> 00:19:46,600 complexes illustrating the complexity 498 00:19:44,760 --> 00:19:49,280 and sophistication of the city's 499 00:19:46,600 --> 00:19:51,440 planning numerous temples many dating 500 00:19:49,280 --> 00:19:54,000 back to the early 9th century were 501 00:19:51,440 --> 00:19:56,000 discovered beneath thick jungle foliage 502 00:19:54,000 --> 00:19:57,480 these temples provided valuable insights 503 00:19:56,000 --> 00:19:59,799 into the religious practices and 504 00:19:57,480 --> 00:20:02,080 Architectural styles of the early K 505 00:19:59,799 --> 00:20:04,840 Empire among the notable discoveries 506 00:20:02,080 --> 00:20:07,440 were prasat o payong and prasat damr 507 00:20:04,840 --> 00:20:09,720 crab which featured unique carvings and 508 00:20:07,440 --> 00:20:11,960 Architectural elements showcasing the 509 00:20:09,720 --> 00:20:14,559 artistic and religious fervor of the 510 00:20:11,960 --> 00:20:16,720 period the discovery of causeways and 511 00:20:14,559 --> 00:20:18,679 bridges demonstrated the advanced 512 00:20:16,720 --> 00:20:20,919 engineering capabilities of the K 513 00:20:18,679 --> 00:20:22,320 Builders these structures allowed for 514 00:20:20,919 --> 00:20:24,640 efficient transportation across 515 00:20:22,320 --> 00:20:27,120 challenging terrains including rivers 516 00:20:24,640 --> 00:20:29,080 and valleys the causeways were often 517 00:20:27,120 --> 00:20:31,120 elevated and lined with lat right and 518 00:20:29,080 --> 00:20:33,159 Sandstone blocks ensuring their 519 00:20:31,120 --> 00:20:36,400 stability and Longevity even during the 520 00:20:33,159 --> 00:20:38,799 rainy season the liar scans revealed 521 00:20:36,400 --> 00:20:41,280 large scale agricultural Terraces on the 522 00:20:38,799 --> 00:20:43,320 slopes of Phnom culan Mountain these 523 00:20:41,280 --> 00:20:45,280 Terraces were used for Rice cultivation 524 00:20:43,320 --> 00:20:47,320 and other crops demonstrating 525 00:20:45,280 --> 00:20:49,640 sophisticated agricultural techniques 526 00:20:47,320 --> 00:20:51,720 that supported a large population The 527 00:20:49,640 --> 00:20:54,120 Terraces were meticulously constructed 528 00:20:51,720 --> 00:20:56,480 to manage waterflow and prevent soil 529 00:20:54,120 --> 00:20:58,720 erosion indicating a deep understanding 530 00:20:56,480 --> 00:21:01,120 of agronomy and Environmental Management 531 00:20:58,720 --> 00:21:03,200 M the presence of reservoirs and 532 00:21:01,120 --> 00:21:05,520 channels indicated a complex water 533 00:21:03,200 --> 00:21:07,720 management system designed to irrigate 534 00:21:05,520 --> 00:21:10,279 the Terrace fields and manage seasonal 535 00:21:07,720 --> 00:21:11,919 water flow these systems were essential 536 00:21:10,279 --> 00:21:14,720 for sustaining agriculture in the 537 00:21:11,919 --> 00:21:17,120 mountainous terrain the reservoirs known 538 00:21:14,720 --> 00:21:19,480 as Beret were strategically placed to 539 00:21:17,120 --> 00:21:21,320 collect and distribute water ensuring a 540 00:21:19,480 --> 00:21:23,679 stable Supply throughout the 541 00:21:21,320 --> 00:21:26,200 year every one goes to the big Mayan 542 00:21:23,679 --> 00:21:28,000 sites we got a Toran and Mexico City 543 00:21:26,200 --> 00:21:29,600 because they're impressive or the OM 544 00:21:28,000 --> 00:21:31,880 sites is not much 545 00:21:29,600 --> 00:21:34,039 left I've been to these sites several 546 00:21:31,880 --> 00:21:36,770 times now all of them we've been to 547 00:21:34,039 --> 00:21:37,840 pretty much every known site there 548 00:21:36,770 --> 00:21:40,880 [Music] 549 00:21:37,840 --> 00:21:43,279 is but the OMS really they characterized 550 00:21:40,880 --> 00:21:46,760 by the megalithic stone 551 00:21:43,279 --> 00:21:51,000 heads very unusual features that appear 552 00:21:46,760 --> 00:21:54,240 to be non kind of native Mexican native 553 00:21:51,000 --> 00:21:56,200 American the ancient hch civilization 554 00:21:54,240 --> 00:21:58,600 often considered the mother culture of 555 00:21:56,200 --> 00:22:00,400 meso America was a mystery hidden 556 00:21:58,600 --> 00:22:02,640 beneath the jungles of southern Mexico 557 00:22:00,400 --> 00:22:04,840 for centuries the discovery of this 558 00:22:02,640 --> 00:22:07,640 mysterious civilization began in the 559 00:22:04,840 --> 00:22:09,600 19th century when European explorers and 560 00:22:07,640 --> 00:22:12,159 archaeologists started to uncover the 561 00:22:09,600 --> 00:22:14,360 remnants of a once great society that 562 00:22:12,159 --> 00:22:17,520 predated the Maya and the Aztec by 563 00:22:14,360 --> 00:22:19,520 hundreds of years the first significant 564 00:22:17,520 --> 00:22:20,760 Discovery attributed to the Alex 565 00:22:19,520 --> 00:22:23,400 occurred in 566 00:22:20,760 --> 00:22:25,880 1862 when a colossal stonee head was 567 00:22:23,400 --> 00:22:29,279 found near the town of Tres zapotes in 568 00:22:25,880 --> 00:22:32,240 the Mexican state of verac Cruz Jose 569 00:22:29,279 --> 00:22:34,880 Melgar Sano a Mexican archaeologist was 570 00:22:32,240 --> 00:22:36,799 the first to document this find at the 571 00:22:34,880 --> 00:22:39,799 time the discovery of the Colossal head 572 00:22:36,799 --> 00:22:42,000 was puzzling and inexplicable Melgar was 573 00:22:39,799 --> 00:22:44,080 struck by the head's unusual features 574 00:22:42,000 --> 00:22:46,840 which he described as having Ethiopian 575 00:22:44,080 --> 00:22:48,679 traits this observation led to early 576 00:22:46,840 --> 00:22:51,360 speculations about the origins of the 577 00:22:48,679 --> 00:22:53,520 civilization responsible for the head 578 00:22:51,360 --> 00:22:56,440 and some even suggested connections to 579 00:22:53,520 --> 00:22:58,720 Africa or Asia long before the MCHS were 580 00:22:56,440 --> 00:23:00,600 understood in their own right the 581 00:22:58,720 --> 00:23:02,240 mysterious nature of the discovery was 582 00:23:00,600 --> 00:23:05,080 further compounded by the lack of 583 00:23:02,240 --> 00:23:07,640 context the head standing over 6 feet 584 00:23:05,080 --> 00:23:10,240 tall and weighing several tons was 585 00:23:07,640 --> 00:23:12,480 unlike anything else found in the region 586 00:23:10,240 --> 00:23:14,360 it wasn't until the early 20th century 587 00:23:12,480 --> 00:23:16,720 that further discoveries began to shed 588 00:23:14,360 --> 00:23:19,559 light on the civilization responsible 589 00:23:16,720 --> 00:23:22,640 for these colossal sculptures in the 590 00:23:19,559 --> 00:23:24,919 1920s and 1930s archaeological 591 00:23:22,640 --> 00:23:27,520 investigations led by Pioneers like 592 00:23:24,919 --> 00:23:29,360 France Bloom and Matthew Sterling 593 00:23:27,520 --> 00:23:32,640 provided more sub substantial evidence 594 00:23:29,360 --> 00:23:34,240 of the MCH civilization Sterling an 595 00:23:32,640 --> 00:23:36,520 American archaeologist conducted 596 00:23:34,240 --> 00:23:38,880 extensive excavations in the Gulf Coast 597 00:23:36,520 --> 00:23:40,840 region where he uncovered more colossal 598 00:23:38,880 --> 00:23:42,039 heads as well as other Monumental 599 00:23:40,840 --> 00:23:43,960 sculptures and 600 00:23:42,039 --> 00:23:46,679 artifacts these findings were 601 00:23:43,960 --> 00:23:49,440 concentrated in three main sites San 602 00:23:46,679 --> 00:23:52,240 Lorenzo lenta and trotes which are now 603 00:23:49,440 --> 00:23:54,039 recognized as major olch centers the 604 00:23:52,240 --> 00:23:56,360 size and scale of the structures 605 00:23:54,039 --> 00:23:59,159 discovered during these excavations were 606 00:23:56,360 --> 00:24:00,720 astonishing the Colossal Stone heads 607 00:23:59,159 --> 00:24:03,440 which are perhaps the most iconic 608 00:24:00,720 --> 00:24:06,080 artifacts of the MX range in height from 609 00:24:03,440 --> 00:24:09,120 1 and 1/2 M to over 3 m and can weigh up 610 00:24:06,080 --> 00:24:11,279 to 40 tons to put this into perspective 611 00:24:09,120 --> 00:24:14,360 a single Stone head can be as heavy as 612 00:24:11,279 --> 00:24:16,600 10 African elephants combined these 613 00:24:14,360 --> 00:24:18,320 sculptures were carved from bassal a 614 00:24:16,600 --> 00:24:20,679 volcanic rock that was transported from 615 00:24:18,320 --> 00:24:23,000 Cory's located over 60 Mi away from the 616 00:24:20,679 --> 00:24:24,799 sites where the heads were found the 617 00:24:23,000 --> 00:24:27,039 discovery of the MCH civilization was 618 00:24:24,799 --> 00:24:28,640 shrouded in mystery from the beginning 619 00:24:27,039 --> 00:24:30,279 the Colossal heads with their 620 00:24:28,640 --> 00:24:33,039 distinctive facial features and 621 00:24:30,279 --> 00:24:35,600 helmet-like headdresses sparked intense 622 00:24:33,039 --> 00:24:37,520 curiosity and debate among Scholars who 623 00:24:35,600 --> 00:24:39,799 were these people what was the purpose 624 00:24:37,520 --> 00:24:41,919 of these massive sculptures how did they 625 00:24:39,799 --> 00:24:44,679 transport such enormous stones without 626 00:24:41,919 --> 00:24:46,360 the use of the wheel or draft animals 627 00:24:44,679 --> 00:24:48,679 one of the most interesting aspects of 628 00:24:46,360 --> 00:24:50,880 the MCH heads is the Precision and skill 629 00:24:48,679 --> 00:24:52,919 with which they were carved despite 630 00:24:50,880 --> 00:24:55,200 their immense size the heads are 631 00:24:52,919 --> 00:24:57,679 remarkably detailed with intricate 632 00:24:55,200 --> 00:25:00,480 facial expressions realistic features 633 00:24:57,679 --> 00:25:02,480 and a sense of individuality that 634 00:25:00,480 --> 00:25:05,640 suggests they may represent specific 635 00:25:02,480 --> 00:25:08,279 rulers or important figures inch 636 00:25:05,640 --> 00:25:10,320 Society the helmets worn by the figures 637 00:25:08,279 --> 00:25:12,159 have led some to speculate that they 638 00:25:10,320 --> 00:25:15,399 might have been Warriors ball players or 639 00:25:12,159 --> 00:25:17,799 even deities the question of how thech 640 00:25:15,399 --> 00:25:19,200 transported these massive Stones remains 641 00:25:17,799 --> 00:25:20,640 one of the great mysteries of 642 00:25:19,200 --> 00:25:23,000 Mesoamerican 643 00:25:20,640 --> 00:25:25,039 archaeology the bassal used for the 644 00:25:23,000 --> 00:25:27,520 heads was quarried from the tuxler 645 00:25:25,039 --> 00:25:29,039 mountains located dozens of miles from 646 00:25:27,520 --> 00:25:30,679 thech centers 647 00:25:29,039 --> 00:25:32,679 moving these Stones would have required 648 00:25:30,679 --> 00:25:34,919 an incredible amount of Labor and 649 00:25:32,679 --> 00:25:37,640 Ingenuity some theories suggest that 650 00:25:34,919 --> 00:25:39,840 thech used a combination of rolling logs 651 00:25:37,640 --> 00:25:41,279 sledges and manpower to move the stones 652 00:25:39,840 --> 00:25:43,200 While others propose that they may have 653 00:25:41,279 --> 00:25:46,320 used waterways to transport the Stones 654 00:25:43,200 --> 00:25:48,760 by raft however the exact methods remain 655 00:25:46,320 --> 00:25:49,960 unknown adding to the Allure and mystery 656 00:25:48,760 --> 00:25:52,600 of thech 657 00:25:49,960 --> 00:25:54,840 civilization the age of thech ston heads 658 00:25:52,600 --> 00:25:57,039 and other structures has been determined 659 00:25:54,840 --> 00:25:59,080 primarily through radiocarbon dating of 660 00:25:57,039 --> 00:26:00,720 the surrounding archaeological layers 661 00:25:59,080 --> 00:26:02,919 and the analysis of the stylistic 662 00:26:00,720 --> 00:26:05,159 features of the artifacts the oldest 663 00:26:02,919 --> 00:26:08,039 known alch sites such as San Lorenzo 664 00:26:05,159 --> 00:26:10,880 date back to around 1200 BCE with some 665 00:26:08,039 --> 00:26:13,440 structures possibly even older the lenta 666 00:26:10,880 --> 00:26:17,240 site another major alch Center reached 667 00:26:13,440 --> 00:26:19,200 its peak around 900 to 400 BCE this 668 00:26:17,240 --> 00:26:21,440 places thex as one of the earliest 669 00:26:19,200 --> 00:26:24,440 complex Societies in meso Amica 670 00:26:21,440 --> 00:26:26,240 predating the M by several centuries to 671 00:26:24,440 --> 00:26:28,600 establish the age of the stone heads and 672 00:26:26,240 --> 00:26:30,200 other structures archaeologists examined 673 00:26:28,600 --> 00:26:32,600 the stratigraphy of the sites where they 674 00:26:30,200 --> 00:26:34,480 were found by analyzing the layers of 675 00:26:32,600 --> 00:26:36,760 Earth and the artifacts contained within 676 00:26:34,480 --> 00:26:39,000 them they were able to estimate the time 677 00:26:36,760 --> 00:26:41,960 periods during which these objects were 678 00:26:39,000 --> 00:26:43,919 created additionally radiocarbon dating 679 00:26:41,960 --> 00:26:46,120 of organic materials found near the 680 00:26:43,919 --> 00:26:48,600 sculptures has provided more precise 681 00:26:46,120 --> 00:26:50,240 dates confirming thex as an ancient 682 00:26:48,600 --> 00:26:52,320 civilization with roots Deep In the 683 00:26:50,240 --> 00:26:54,600 preclassic period of Meto American 684 00:26:52,320 --> 00:26:56,840 history one of the most intriguing 685 00:26:54,600 --> 00:26:58,919 theories about the elmech civilization 686 00:26:56,840 --> 00:27:02,559 relates to their role as the progenitors 687 00:26:58,919 --> 00:27:04,640 of later Mesoamerican cultures the olchs 688 00:27:02,559 --> 00:27:06,720 are often called the mother culture of 689 00:27:04,640 --> 00:27:08,640 meso Amer because they appear to have 690 00:27:06,720 --> 00:27:10,880 laid the foundations for many cultural 691 00:27:08,640 --> 00:27:13,559 and religious practices that were later 692 00:27:10,880 --> 00:27:14,720 adopted and adapted by the Maya Aztec 693 00:27:13,559 --> 00:27:16,440 and other 694 00:27:14,720 --> 00:27:18,559 civilizations this includes the 695 00:27:16,440 --> 00:27:21,440 development of the Long Count calendar 696 00:27:18,559 --> 00:27:23,039 the concept of zero and the Mesoamerican 697 00:27:21,440 --> 00:27:23,960 ball game all of which have been linked 698 00:27:23,039 --> 00:27:27,080 to 699 00:27:23,960 --> 00:27:30,159 thex a particularly interesting Theory 700 00:27:27,080 --> 00:27:32,360 suggests that the olch civilization may 701 00:27:30,159 --> 00:27:34,760 have been highly stratified with a 702 00:27:32,360 --> 00:27:36,159 powerful Elite Class that controlled 703 00:27:34,760 --> 00:27:38,520 large numbers of 704 00:27:36,159 --> 00:27:40,159 laborers this Elite would have been 705 00:27:38,520 --> 00:27:41,960 responsible for commissioning the 706 00:27:40,159 --> 00:27:44,880 Colossal heads and other Monumental 707 00:27:41,960 --> 00:27:46,799 Works using their power and influence to 708 00:27:44,880 --> 00:27:49,760 Marshall the resources and Manpower 709 00:27:46,799 --> 00:27:51,799 necessary for such Endeavors the heads 710 00:27:49,760 --> 00:27:54,320 in this view could have been portraits 711 00:27:51,799 --> 00:27:56,279 of these Elite rulers intended to 712 00:27:54,320 --> 00:27:59,120 immortalize their power and 713 00:27:56,279 --> 00:28:00,760 Legacy another theory POS it that thech 714 00:27:59,120 --> 00:28:03,679 heads might have served a religious or 715 00:28:00,760 --> 00:28:05,840 ceremonial function the MCHS practiced a 716 00:28:03,679 --> 00:28:07,519 form of shamanism and it is possible 717 00:28:05,840 --> 00:28:10,320 that the heads were created as offerings 718 00:28:07,519 --> 00:28:12,679 to the gods or as markers of sacred 719 00:28:10,320 --> 00:28:14,360 spaces some Scholars have suggested that 720 00:28:12,679 --> 00:28:17,159 the heads were placed at the entrances 721 00:28:14,360 --> 00:28:19,919 to important ceremonial sites serving as 722 00:28:17,159 --> 00:28:22,080 guardians or representations of the Gods 723 00:28:19,919 --> 00:28:23,760 themselves the decline of the MCH 724 00:28:22,080 --> 00:28:25,519 civilization remains one of the most 725 00:28:23,760 --> 00:28:26,399 enduring mysteries in the study of 726 00:28:25,519 --> 00:28:30,120 ancient 727 00:28:26,399 --> 00:28:33,000 mesoamerica by around 400 bcee the major 728 00:28:30,120 --> 00:28:35,480 olch centers of San Lorenzo and lenta 729 00:28:33,000 --> 00:28:37,279 had been abandoned and the once thriving 730 00:28:35,480 --> 00:28:39,519 civilization had all but 731 00:28:37,279 --> 00:28:42,039 disappeared the reasons for this decline 732 00:28:39,519 --> 00:28:43,799 are still debated with several theories 733 00:28:42,039 --> 00:28:46,840 offering potential 734 00:28:43,799 --> 00:28:49,360 explanations one Theory suggests that 735 00:28:46,840 --> 00:28:52,320 environmental changes played a 736 00:28:49,360 --> 00:28:55,080 significant role in the MCH 737 00:28:52,320 --> 00:28:58,120 decline archaeological evidence 738 00:28:55,080 --> 00:29:00,679 indicates that thech Heartland EXP 739 00:28:58,120 --> 00:29:03,279 experienced significant changes in 740 00:29:00,679 --> 00:29:04,200 climate and hydrology during the later 741 00:29:03,279 --> 00:29:06,480 part of their 742 00:29:04,200 --> 00:29:08,880 civilization rivers that once provided 743 00:29:06,480 --> 00:29:11,279 abundant water and fertile land may have 744 00:29:08,880 --> 00:29:13,600 changed course or dried up leading to 745 00:29:11,279 --> 00:29:15,279 crop failures and shortages this 746 00:29:13,600 --> 00:29:17,760 environmental stress could have caused 747 00:29:15,279 --> 00:29:20,080 social unrest and ultimately led to the 748 00:29:17,760 --> 00:29:22,320 collapse ofch 749 00:29:20,080 --> 00:29:24,320 Society another theory points to 750 00:29:22,320 --> 00:29:27,000 internal conflict as a possible cause of 751 00:29:24,320 --> 00:29:29,320 the MCH decline as with many ancient 752 00:29:27,000 --> 00:29:31,399 civilizations power struggles among the 753 00:29:29,320 --> 00:29:33,679 elite may have weakened the political 754 00:29:31,399 --> 00:29:36,480 structure leading to the fragmentation 755 00:29:33,679 --> 00:29:38,600 of the society the destruction of major 756 00:29:36,480 --> 00:29:40,200 MCH sites such as the defacement of 757 00:29:38,600 --> 00:29:42,559 stone monuments and the burning of 758 00:29:40,200 --> 00:29:45,440 ceremonial centers suggests that there 759 00:29:42,559 --> 00:29:47,399 may have been a violent end to the MCH 760 00:29:45,440 --> 00:29:49,360 civilization there are also more 761 00:29:47,399 --> 00:29:52,320 speculative theories that tie thech 762 00:29:49,360 --> 00:29:54,039 decline to external forces some suggest 763 00:29:52,320 --> 00:29:56,039 that the olchs were invaded by other 764 00:29:54,039 --> 00:29:58,519 groups possibly from the highlands of 765 00:29:56,039 --> 00:30:01,080 Mexico who overthrew the ruling class 766 00:29:58,519 --> 00:30:02,720 and dismantled their society others 767 00:30:01,080 --> 00:30:05,080 proposed that the MCHS were part of a 768 00:30:02,720 --> 00:30:07,399 larger network of civilizations that 769 00:30:05,080 --> 00:30:10,320 experienced a simultaneous decline 770 00:30:07,399 --> 00:30:12,760 leading to a broader collapse across the 771 00:30:10,320 --> 00:30:14,480 region among the more Fringe theories 772 00:30:12,760 --> 00:30:16,320 about the Alex is the idea that they 773 00:30:14,480 --> 00:30:18,760 were somehow connected to the Lost 774 00:30:16,320 --> 00:30:21,840 Civilization of Atlantis or that they 775 00:30:18,760 --> 00:30:23,600 had contact with extraterrestrial beings 776 00:30:21,840 --> 00:30:25,960 these theories are not supported by 777 00:30:23,600 --> 00:30:27,480 mainstream archaeology but continue to 778 00:30:25,960 --> 00:30:30,360 capture the imagination of those 779 00:30:27,480 --> 00:30:32,120 fascinating by ancient Mysteries the 780 00:30:30,360 --> 00:30:34,159 Atlantis connection is rooted in the 781 00:30:32,120 --> 00:30:36,399 idea that the olchs were descendants of 782 00:30:34,159 --> 00:30:38,799 Atlantean survivors who fled to the 783 00:30:36,399 --> 00:30:41,360 Americas after the destruction of their 784 00:30:38,799 --> 00:30:43,799 homeland proponents of this Theory point 785 00:30:41,360 --> 00:30:46,000 to the advanced nature of MCH art and 786 00:30:43,799 --> 00:30:48,240 architecture as well as the mysterious 787 00:30:46,000 --> 00:30:51,039 disappearance of the civilization as 788 00:30:48,240 --> 00:30:53,440 evidence of their atlantian Origins 789 00:30:51,039 --> 00:30:55,760 however there is no concrete evidence to 790 00:30:53,440 --> 00:30:58,000 support this idea and it remains a 791 00:30:55,760 --> 00:31:00,279 speculative and largely discredited 792 00:30:58,000 --> 00:31:02,200 Theory the alien connection Theory 793 00:31:00,279 --> 00:31:04,639 suggests that the MCH may have been 794 00:31:02,200 --> 00:31:06,240 visited by extraterrestrial beings Who 795 00:31:04,639 --> 00:31:07,000 provided them with Advanced knowledge 796 00:31:06,240 --> 00:31:09,360 and 797 00:31:07,000 --> 00:31:11,960 Technology this theory is often linked 798 00:31:09,360 --> 00:31:13,799 to the Colossal Stone heads which some 799 00:31:11,960 --> 00:31:15,000 believe were inspired by or created with 800 00:31:13,799 --> 00:31:17,840 the help of 801 00:31:15,000 --> 00:31:19,799 aliens the precise craftsmanship and the 802 00:31:17,840 --> 00:31:22,480 logistical challenges of moving such 803 00:31:19,799 --> 00:31:24,240 large stones have led some to speculate 804 00:31:22,480 --> 00:31:27,120 that the MCH could not have achieved 805 00:31:24,240 --> 00:31:28,679 these Feats without outside assistance 806 00:31:27,120 --> 00:31:30,639 again this Theory lacks scientific 807 00:31:28,679 --> 00:31:32,799 evidence and is generally considered a 808 00:31:30,639 --> 00:31:35,600 modern myth rather than a serious 809 00:31:32,799 --> 00:31:38,080 historical hypothesis the discovery of 810 00:31:35,600 --> 00:31:40,320 thech civilization was a momentous event 811 00:31:38,080 --> 00:31:43,120 in the history of archaeology revealing 812 00:31:40,320 --> 00:31:45,399 a complex and advanced society that laid 813 00:31:43,120 --> 00:31:47,919 the groundwork for much of Mesoamerican 814 00:31:45,399 --> 00:31:49,639 culture the Colossal ston heads 815 00:31:47,919 --> 00:31:51,679 Monumental architecture and 816 00:31:49,639 --> 00:31:54,760 sophisticated artistic traditions of the 817 00:31:51,679 --> 00:31:55,799 OLX continue to Captivate Scholars and 818 00:31:54,760 --> 00:31:58,279 the public 819 00:31:55,799 --> 00:32:00,039 alike despite the many un answered 820 00:31:58,279 --> 00:32:02,200 questions and the enduring Mysteries 821 00:32:00,039 --> 00:32:04,440 surrounding their Origins achievements 822 00:32:02,200 --> 00:32:06,120 and decline the alch remain a 823 00:32:04,440 --> 00:32:07,120 fascinating chapter in the story of 824 00:32:06,120 --> 00:32:08,960 ancient 825 00:32:07,120 --> 00:32:10,240 civilizations theories about their 826 00:32:08,960 --> 00:32:12,919 connection to Atlantis or 827 00:32:10,240 --> 00:32:14,919 extraterrestrial beings while intriguing 828 00:32:12,919 --> 00:32:16,120 serve our imagination to Pursuit our 829 00:32:14,919 --> 00:32:19,200 world's 830 00:32:16,120 --> 00:32:20,799 history it's been said in many many 831 00:32:19,200 --> 00:32:22,200 different cultures around the world that 832 00:32:20,799 --> 00:32:24,279 a lot of these structures were built at 833 00:32:22,200 --> 00:32:27,360 a very rapid 834 00:32:24,279 --> 00:32:30,039 pace so you're talking about calculus 835 00:32:27,360 --> 00:32:31,880 you're talking about geology yeah I mean 836 00:32:30,039 --> 00:32:34,120 how did they know how to build 837 00:32:31,880 --> 00:32:37,159 this we're talking about something in my 838 00:32:34,120 --> 00:32:37,159 opinion super 839 00:32:37,480 --> 00:32:43,600 ancient um but these sites are all 840 00:32:40,320 --> 00:32:46,120 really Majestic and super 841 00:32:43,600 --> 00:32:47,639 ancient today we're diving into one of 842 00:32:46,120 --> 00:32:50,559 the world's most enigmatic 843 00:32:47,639 --> 00:32:53,200 archaeological Mysteries the B Valley 844 00:32:50,559 --> 00:32:56,000 megaliths nestled in the Lush Landscapes 845 00:32:53,200 --> 00:32:57,919 of central sui these ancient stone 846 00:32:56,000 --> 00:32:59,919 structures have baffled experts for for 847 00:32:57,919 --> 00:33:01,120 over a century but this is thousands of 848 00:32:59,919 --> 00:33:02,399 years and it's still sitting there 849 00:33:01,120 --> 00:33:03,840 perfect I bet if you fill it up with 850 00:33:02,399 --> 00:33:06,360 water the water wouldn't even leak out 851 00:33:03,840 --> 00:33:09,399 of it who built these colossal statues 852 00:33:06,360 --> 00:33:12,360 and stone jars What secrets do they hold 853 00:33:09,399 --> 00:33:14,760 about a forgotten civilization join us 854 00:33:12,360 --> 00:33:16,960 as we uncover the mysterious Origins and 855 00:33:14,760 --> 00:33:20,240 fascinating theories Behind These 856 00:33:16,960 --> 00:33:23,399 remarkable relics located in the L lindu 857 00:33:20,240 --> 00:33:25,559 National Park of central sui Indonesia 858 00:33:23,399 --> 00:33:27,480 the B Valley megaliths first came to the 859 00:33:25,559 --> 00:33:29,559 attention of the western world through 860 00:33:27,480 --> 00:33:32,559 the efforts of Dutch colonialists in the 861 00:33:29,559 --> 00:33:35,519 early 20th century during a 198 Dutch 862 00:33:32,559 --> 00:33:38,760 military Expedition Dr Nicolas adriani 863 00:33:35,519 --> 00:33:41,360 and Dr albertto Christian crr documented 864 00:33:38,760 --> 00:33:43,559 these remarkable stone structures their 865 00:33:41,360 --> 00:33:45,639 meticulous reports and photographs 866 00:33:43,559 --> 00:33:48,240 marked a pivotal moment in the scholarly 867 00:33:45,639 --> 00:33:50,880 exploration of these ancient artifacts 868 00:33:48,240 --> 00:33:53,360 Dr adriani and Dr Cru were not merely 869 00:33:50,880 --> 00:33:55,519 military explorers but also seasoned 870 00:33:53,360 --> 00:33:57,880 ethnologists with a keen interest in the 871 00:33:55,519 --> 00:33:59,360 cultures of Indonesia their doc dou 872 00:33:57,880 --> 00:34:00,720 umentation included detailed 873 00:33:59,360 --> 00:34:02,639 descriptions measurements and 874 00:34:00,720 --> 00:34:04,559 photographs which were essential in 875 00:34:02,639 --> 00:34:06,960 preserving the initial data about the 876 00:34:04,559 --> 00:34:09,240 megaliths these early records remain a 877 00:34:06,960 --> 00:34:10,839 valuable resource for researchers today 878 00:34:09,240 --> 00:34:13,040 as many of the megaliths have since 879 00:34:10,839 --> 00:34:15,320 weathered and eroded their efforts 880 00:34:13,040 --> 00:34:17,560 sparked a wave of academic curiosity 881 00:34:15,320 --> 00:34:19,119 that has continued for over a century 882 00:34:17,560 --> 00:34:21,399 although the remote location and 883 00:34:19,119 --> 00:34:24,159 challenging terrain of the B Valley have 884 00:34:21,399 --> 00:34:26,119 limited extensive archaeological studies 885 00:34:24,159 --> 00:34:27,839 nobody honestly knows who did the work 886 00:34:26,119 --> 00:34:30,159 we simply know that it was an ancient 887 00:34:27,839 --> 00:34:32,639 civilization that obviously had advanced 888 00:34:30,159 --> 00:34:35,159 technology the origins of the B Valley 889 00:34:32,639 --> 00:34:37,040 megaliths are shrouded in mystery no 890 00:34:35,159 --> 00:34:38,879 written records or definitive oral 891 00:34:37,040 --> 00:34:41,440 Traditions link these structures to a 892 00:34:38,879 --> 00:34:43,800 specific culture or time period leaving 893 00:34:41,440 --> 00:34:46,240 their creators and purpose open to 894 00:34:43,800 --> 00:34:47,919 interpretation this absence of concrete 895 00:34:46,240 --> 00:34:50,200 historical context has led to a 896 00:34:47,919 --> 00:34:52,240 multitude of theories each offering a 897 00:34:50,200 --> 00:34:54,760 different perspective on these enigmatic 898 00:34:52,240 --> 00:34:57,119 Stones determining the age of the B 899 00:34:54,760 --> 00:34:58,680 Valley megaliths has proven challenging 900 00:34:57,119 --> 00:35:01,400 some research archers estimate that the 901 00:34:58,680 --> 00:35:04,480 megaliths could date back as far as 2000 902 00:35:01,400 --> 00:35:07,480 BCE based on stylistic comparisons with 903 00:35:04,480 --> 00:35:10,000 other ancient Southeast Asian artifacts 904 00:35:07,480 --> 00:35:11,640 others argue for a more recent origin 905 00:35:10,000 --> 00:35:14,320 proposing that they were created around 906 00:35:11,640 --> 00:35:17,200 the 14th century CE all of these places 907 00:35:14,320 --> 00:35:20,520 are likely pre- cataclysmic so at least 908 00:35:17,200 --> 00:35:22,680 13,000 years old the primary difficulty 909 00:35:20,520 --> 00:35:24,880 in dating these structures lies in the 910 00:35:22,680 --> 00:35:28,320 lack of organic material associated with 911 00:35:24,880 --> 00:35:30,440 them which precludes radiocarbon dating 912 00:35:28,320 --> 00:35:32,240 in the absence of direct dating methods 913 00:35:30,440 --> 00:35:34,720 researchers have turned to indirect 914 00:35:32,240 --> 00:35:36,480 clues for example the weathering 915 00:35:34,720 --> 00:35:38,400 patterns on the stones suggest they have 916 00:35:36,480 --> 00:35:40,839 been exposed to the elements for many 917 00:35:38,400 --> 00:35:42,760 centuries Additionally the tools and 918 00:35:40,839 --> 00:35:45,359 techniques required to carve such hard 919 00:35:42,760 --> 00:35:47,200 Stones indicate a sophisticated level of 920 00:35:45,359 --> 00:35:49,000 technology that was not commonly 921 00:35:47,200 --> 00:35:51,400 available in the region until later 922 00:35:49,000 --> 00:35:53,119 periods despite these efforts the 923 00:35:51,400 --> 00:35:55,839 precise timeline of the megalith 924 00:35:53,119 --> 00:35:57,640 creation remains elusive a unique and 925 00:35:55,839 --> 00:35:59,839 particularly fascinating aspect of the 926 00:35:57,640 --> 00:36:03,040 the B Valley megaliths is the presence 927 00:35:59,839 --> 00:36:04,720 of a megalith known as Lan baawa this 928 00:36:03,040 --> 00:36:07,079 particular megalith is not only one of 929 00:36:04,720 --> 00:36:09,599 the largest but also features detailed 930 00:36:07,079 --> 00:36:11,560 carvings of humanlike figures the 931 00:36:09,599 --> 00:36:13,680 intricacy of these carvings suggests a 932 00:36:11,560 --> 00:36:16,119 high degree of skill and artistic 933 00:36:13,680 --> 00:36:18,480 expression one intriguing theory about 934 00:36:16,119 --> 00:36:20,359 the B Valley megaliths proposes that 935 00:36:18,480 --> 00:36:22,240 they were created as part of a complex 936 00:36:20,359 --> 00:36:24,640 system of territorial markers and 937 00:36:22,240 --> 00:36:27,079 spiritual waypoints according to this 938 00:36:24,640 --> 00:36:29,160 hypothesis the megaliths were erected by 939 00:36:27,079 --> 00:36:30,920 a prehist historic culture to demarcate 940 00:36:29,160 --> 00:36:33,880 important areas such as tribal 941 00:36:30,920 --> 00:36:36,560 boundaries sacred sites or routs used 942 00:36:33,880 --> 00:36:38,560 for migration and trade this theory is 943 00:36:36,560 --> 00:36:40,599 supported by the Strategic placement of 944 00:36:38,560 --> 00:36:42,800 some megaliths along ancient Pathways 945 00:36:40,599 --> 00:36:44,800 and nearwater sources suggesting they 946 00:36:42,800 --> 00:36:47,640 may have served both practical and 947 00:36:44,800 --> 00:36:49,680 ceremonial purposes an interesting 948 00:36:47,640 --> 00:36:51,880 comparison can be drawn between the B 949 00:36:49,680 --> 00:36:54,560 Valley megaliths and the moai statues of 950 00:36:51,880 --> 00:36:56,440 Easter Island both sets of megaliths are 951 00:36:54,560 --> 00:36:58,880 characterized by their large carved 952 00:36:56,440 --> 00:37:01,119 Stone figures which display a remarkable 953 00:36:58,880 --> 00:37:02,760 level of craftsmanship and effort he 954 00:37:01,119 --> 00:37:05,680 actually speculates that they were able 955 00:37:02,760 --> 00:37:06,880 to temporarily turn the stone into a 956 00:37:05,680 --> 00:37:09,079 form of 957 00:37:06,880 --> 00:37:11,079 plasma however while the moai are 958 00:37:09,079 --> 00:37:13,160 primarily found along the coastline and 959 00:37:11,079 --> 00:37:15,400 oriented towards the sea possibly 960 00:37:13,160 --> 00:37:18,119 serving as guardians or representations 961 00:37:15,400 --> 00:37:20,000 of ancestors the B Valley megaliths are 962 00:37:18,119 --> 00:37:22,319 scattered throughout a lush Inland 963 00:37:20,000 --> 00:37:24,800 Valley this contrast in placement and 964 00:37:22,319 --> 00:37:26,960 presumed purpose highlights the diverse 965 00:37:24,800 --> 00:37:28,640 ways in which ancient cultures utilized 966 00:37:26,960 --> 00:37:31,440 and interpret reted their Monumental 967 00:37:28,640 --> 00:37:33,119 Stone Creations the bad Valley megaliths 968 00:37:31,440 --> 00:37:35,720 are renowned for their diverse shapes 969 00:37:33,119 --> 00:37:37,920 and sizes reflecting a variety of forms 970 00:37:35,720 --> 00:37:39,599 and functions these ancient stone 971 00:37:37,920 --> 00:37:41,720 structures can be categorized into 972 00:37:39,599 --> 00:37:44,319 several types each with its unique 973 00:37:41,720 --> 00:37:46,240 characteristics and presumed purposes 974 00:37:44,319 --> 00:37:48,440 the craftsmanship involved in creating 975 00:37:46,240 --> 00:37:50,599 these megaliths indicates a high level 976 00:37:48,440 --> 00:37:53,760 of skill and a deep cultural 977 00:37:50,599 --> 00:37:55,640 significance the statues or ARCA are 978 00:37:53,760 --> 00:37:58,160 anthropomorphic megaliths that often 979 00:37:55,640 --> 00:38:00,119 resemble human figures they range from 980 00:37:58,160 --> 00:38:02,079 crude roughly heed shapes to more 981 00:38:00,119 --> 00:38:04,599 refined and detailed 982 00:38:02,079 --> 00:38:06,280 representations typically these statues 983 00:38:04,599 --> 00:38:09,480 depict heads with prominent facial 984 00:38:06,280 --> 00:38:11,880 features including eyes noses and mouths 985 00:38:09,480 --> 00:38:14,280 some statues also include arms and other 986 00:38:11,880 --> 00:38:16,319 body parts adding to their lifelike 987 00:38:14,280 --> 00:38:18,319 appearance the most famous of these 988 00:38:16,319 --> 00:38:20,319 statues is palinda which stands 989 00:38:18,319 --> 00:38:22,960 approximately 4 and 1/2 M tall and 990 00:38:20,319 --> 00:38:24,680 weighs several tons pindo is one of the 991 00:38:22,960 --> 00:38:27,000 largest and most well-known figures in 992 00:38:24,680 --> 00:38:29,560 the valley characterized by its distinct 993 00:38:27,000 --> 00:38:32,440 facial features and overall Grandeur the 994 00:38:29,560 --> 00:38:34,599 name pindo means the Entertainer 995 00:38:32,440 --> 00:38:37,319 suggesting a possible ceremonial or 996 00:38:34,599 --> 00:38:39,839 cultural role other notable statues 997 00:38:37,319 --> 00:38:41,520 include those with less defined features 998 00:38:39,839 --> 00:38:43,800 indicating a range of artistic 999 00:38:41,520 --> 00:38:45,560 expression and possibly different time 1000 00:38:43,800 --> 00:38:48,760 periods or cultural 1001 00:38:45,560 --> 00:38:51,040 phases the camba are large cylindrical 1002 00:38:48,760 --> 00:38:53,599 Stone jars believed to have served 1003 00:38:51,040 --> 00:38:55,800 various purposes including as NS or 1004 00:38:53,599 --> 00:38:57,680 water containers these jars are 1005 00:38:55,800 --> 00:39:00,119 meticulously carved from single stone 1006 00:38:57,680 --> 00:39:03,079 blocks and Vary significantly in size 1007 00:39:00,119 --> 00:39:05,400 and design some camba are over 1 meter 1008 00:39:03,079 --> 00:39:08,800 in diameter and can reach Heights of one 1009 00:39:05,400 --> 00:39:11,040 and a half M or more a unique aspect of 1010 00:39:08,800 --> 00:39:13,480 these jars is that some have lids While 1011 00:39:11,040 --> 00:39:15,480 others do not the lids are often as 1012 00:39:13,480 --> 00:39:17,880 carefully carved as the jars themselves 1013 00:39:15,480 --> 00:39:19,640 indicating their importance the Calamba 1014 00:39:17,880 --> 00:39:22,000 jars sometimes feature intricate 1015 00:39:19,640 --> 00:39:24,480 carvings and motifs which may include 1016 00:39:22,000 --> 00:39:26,359 geometric patterns or symbolic 1017 00:39:24,480 --> 00:39:28,800 representations these jars are thought 1018 00:39:26,359 --> 00:39:30,800 to have been used in IAL practices 1019 00:39:28,800 --> 00:39:33,400 possibly as earns to hold the remains of 1020 00:39:30,800 --> 00:39:35,920 the deceased or for ceremonial purposes 1021 00:39:33,400 --> 00:39:37,400 involving water their size and 1022 00:39:35,920 --> 00:39:39,839 craftsmanship suggest they were 1023 00:39:37,400 --> 00:39:42,040 significant items potentially used by 1024 00:39:39,839 --> 00:39:44,800 high status individuals or in important 1025 00:39:42,040 --> 00:39:46,920 rituals Stone basins and bowls of 1026 00:39:44,800 --> 00:39:48,760 varying sizes are another significant 1027 00:39:46,920 --> 00:39:51,079 category of the B Valley 1028 00:39:48,760 --> 00:39:53,560 megaliths these structures often feature 1029 00:39:51,079 --> 00:39:55,640 intricate decorations and motifs which 1030 00:39:53,560 --> 00:39:58,280 may provide clues about their usage and 1031 00:39:55,640 --> 00:40:01,240 cultural importance basins and bowls 1032 00:39:58,280 --> 00:40:03,040 range from small handheld sizes to large 1033 00:40:01,240 --> 00:40:05,240 immovable structures that could hold 1034 00:40:03,040 --> 00:40:07,440 significant amounts of liquid or other 1035 00:40:05,240 --> 00:40:09,440 materials some of these basins are 1036 00:40:07,440 --> 00:40:12,200 intricately decorated with carvings that 1037 00:40:09,440 --> 00:40:15,240 include geometric patterns animals or 1038 00:40:12,200 --> 00:40:16,839 symbolic motifs the creation of the B 1039 00:40:15,240 --> 00:40:19,200 Valley megaliths would have required 1040 00:40:16,839 --> 00:40:21,560 sophisticated techniques and tools as 1041 00:40:19,200 --> 00:40:23,440 well as a well organized Workforce so 1042 00:40:21,560 --> 00:40:25,760 what happened to all these tools whoever 1043 00:40:23,440 --> 00:40:27,520 did the work came brought the technology 1044 00:40:25,760 --> 00:40:29,680 and then took the technology with with 1045 00:40:27,520 --> 00:40:31,520 them somewhere the megaliths are carved 1046 00:40:29,680 --> 00:40:33,319 from hard Stones such as granite and 1047 00:40:31,520 --> 00:40:36,040 bassal which would have been sourced 1048 00:40:33,319 --> 00:40:38,119 from local quaries the initial quarrying 1049 00:40:36,040 --> 00:40:40,560 process involved separating large stone 1050 00:40:38,119 --> 00:40:42,680 blocks from Bedrock likely using a 1051 00:40:40,560 --> 00:40:44,599 combination of chiseling hammering and 1052 00:40:42,680 --> 00:40:46,960 possibly Heating and Cooling techniques 1053 00:40:44,599 --> 00:40:48,520 to create fractures once quarried the 1054 00:40:46,960 --> 00:40:50,440 massive stone blocks would have needed 1055 00:40:48,520 --> 00:40:52,400 to be transported to their Final 1056 00:40:50,440 --> 00:40:54,640 locations this would have involved a 1057 00:40:52,400 --> 00:40:57,440 significant logistical effort likely 1058 00:40:54,640 --> 00:40:59,440 utilizing wooden sledges rollers and 1059 00:40:57,440 --> 00:41:00,800 possibly animal or human labor to move 1060 00:40:59,440 --> 00:41:03,400 the stones across the Valley's 1061 00:41:00,800 --> 00:41:05,079 challenging terrain the fine carving and 1062 00:41:03,400 --> 00:41:07,599 finishing of the megaliths were achieved 1063 00:41:05,079 --> 00:41:11,040 using a variety of stone tools including 1064 00:41:07,599 --> 00:41:12,880 chisels Hammers and grinding Stones the 1065 00:41:11,040 --> 00:41:15,280 Precision of the carvings especially on 1066 00:41:12,880 --> 00:41:17,480 the harder Stones indicates the use of 1067 00:41:15,280 --> 00:41:20,160 Advanced Techniques and considerable 1068 00:41:17,480 --> 00:41:22,280 skill some megaliths feature intricate 1069 00:41:20,160 --> 00:41:24,280 designs and motifs that suggest the use 1070 00:41:22,280 --> 00:41:26,920 of finer more specialized tools for 1071 00:41:24,280 --> 00:41:28,920 detailed work a unique and particularly 1072 00:41:26,920 --> 00:41:31,200 f fting fact about the B Valley 1073 00:41:28,920 --> 00:41:34,280 megaliths is the presence of a megalith 1074 00:41:31,200 --> 00:41:36,240 known as Lanka baawa this structure is a 1075 00:41:34,280 --> 00:41:38,520 large stone slab with a carved human 1076 00:41:36,240 --> 00:41:40,280 figure lying prone one interesting 1077 00:41:38,520 --> 00:41:41,800 Theory posits that the B Valley 1078 00:41:40,280 --> 00:41:43,680 megaliths were part of a vast 1079 00:41:41,800 --> 00:41:46,400 interconnected network of megalithic 1080 00:41:43,680 --> 00:41:48,000 cultures that spanned southeast Asia 1081 00:41:46,400 --> 00:41:49,839 this Theory suggests that there was 1082 00:41:48,000 --> 00:41:51,920 significant cultural exchange and 1083 00:41:49,839 --> 00:41:53,839 communication between these ancient 1084 00:41:51,920 --> 00:41:56,319 societies which shared similar 1085 00:41:53,839 --> 00:41:57,760 techniques Artistic Styles and possibly 1086 00:41:56,319 --> 00:41:59,480 religious beliefs 1087 00:41:57,760 --> 00:42:01,520 the spread of megalithic structures 1088 00:41:59,480 --> 00:42:03,920 across this region May reflect a shared 1089 00:42:01,520 --> 00:42:06,040 Heritage or influence hinting at a much 1090 00:42:03,920 --> 00:42:08,680 more interconnected prehistoric world 1091 00:42:06,040 --> 00:42:10,520 than previously thought a compelling 1092 00:42:08,680 --> 00:42:12,480 comparison can be made between the B 1093 00:42:10,520 --> 00:42:15,640 Valley megaliths and the stone carvings 1094 00:42:12,480 --> 00:42:17,359 of the olch civilization in meso America 1095 00:42:15,640 --> 00:42:19,480 both cultures produced large 1096 00:42:17,359 --> 00:42:21,760 anthropomorphic stone statues with 1097 00:42:19,480 --> 00:42:23,800 distinct facial features although 1098 00:42:21,760 --> 00:42:26,800 separated by vast distances and 1099 00:42:23,800 --> 00:42:28,880 different historical contexts the alch 1100 00:42:26,800 --> 00:42:31,079 heads known for their detailed and 1101 00:42:28,880 --> 00:42:33,200 expressive facial features bear a 1102 00:42:31,079 --> 00:42:35,400 stylistic resemblance to some of the B 1103 00:42:33,200 --> 00:42:38,400 Valley statues particularly in the 1104 00:42:35,400 --> 00:42:39,880 emphasis on facial expression and scale 1105 00:42:38,400 --> 00:42:42,319 this comparison underscores the 1106 00:42:39,880 --> 00:42:44,760 universal human inclination to create 1107 00:42:42,319 --> 00:42:46,880 Monumental art and the possibility of 1108 00:42:44,760 --> 00:42:48,920 convergent cultural evolution in 1109 00:42:46,880 --> 00:42:51,280 different parts of the 1110 00:42:48,920 --> 00:42:53,160 world probably one of the first sites 1111 00:42:51,280 --> 00:42:54,559 that really like arrested my attention 1112 00:42:53,160 --> 00:42:57,400 and I was like whoa there is something 1113 00:42:54,559 --> 00:43:00,720 going on here was saak Haman 1114 00:42:57,400 --> 00:43:03,119 Peru is one of the great uh centers for 1115 00:43:00,720 --> 00:43:05,800 this incredible megalithic work that we 1116 00:43:03,119 --> 00:43:07,480 see nobody honestly knows who did the 1117 00:43:05,800 --> 00:43:09,680 work we simply know that it was an 1118 00:43:07,480 --> 00:43:11,280 ancient civilization that obviously had 1119 00:43:09,680 --> 00:43:14,079 advanced 1120 00:43:11,280 --> 00:43:16,280 technology I asked my guide who did this 1121 00:43:14,079 --> 00:43:18,319 and he said the Inca and I said that's 1122 00:43:16,280 --> 00:43:19,599 impossible because they were a Bronze 1123 00:43:18,319 --> 00:43:23,240 Age 1124 00:43:19,599 --> 00:43:25,880 Society The saiwan Citadel located on 1125 00:43:23,240 --> 00:43:27,880 the Northern outskirts of Cusco Peru 1126 00:43:25,880 --> 00:43:29,599 stands as a monumental Testament to the 1127 00:43:27,880 --> 00:43:32,599 Ingenuity of ancient 1128 00:43:29,599 --> 00:43:34,760 civilizations this mysterious structure 1129 00:43:32,599 --> 00:43:37,559 though the exact date of its Discovery 1130 00:43:34,760 --> 00:43:39,520 in modern terms is difficult to pinpoint 1131 00:43:37,559 --> 00:43:41,359 saak iwan has always been known to the 1132 00:43:39,520 --> 00:43:43,400 local indigenous peoples and has long 1133 00:43:41,359 --> 00:43:46,160 been recognized as a significant sight 1134 00:43:43,400 --> 00:43:47,960 in the Incan Heartland and uh that 1135 00:43:46,160 --> 00:43:50,280 caused me over the course of time to 1136 00:43:47,960 --> 00:43:53,079 eventually move to Peru in order to 1137 00:43:50,280 --> 00:43:55,280 continue to pursue this the true 1138 00:43:53,079 --> 00:43:57,119 Discovery by the outside world however 1139 00:43:55,280 --> 00:43:59,800 can be traced back to the Spanish con 1140 00:43:57,119 --> 00:44:01,680 quest of Peru in the 16th century when 1141 00:43:59,800 --> 00:44:04,599 the Spanish conquistadors led by 1142 00:44:01,680 --> 00:44:06,680 Francisco pizaro arrived in Cusco in 1143 00:44:04,599 --> 00:44:09,920 1533 they were all struck by the 1144 00:44:06,680 --> 00:44:12,960 Grandeur of saaki waman chroniclers such 1145 00:44:09,920 --> 00:44:15,480 as Pedro Tia de Leon and garcilaso de 1146 00:44:12,960 --> 00:44:18,839 laa documented their Impressions with 1147 00:44:15,480 --> 00:44:21,200 DEA describing saaki waman as the most 1148 00:44:18,839 --> 00:44:23,760 important architectural work of the 1149 00:44:21,200 --> 00:44:25,720 incor the citadel's enormous stone 1150 00:44:23,760 --> 00:44:28,160 structures arranged in precise 1151 00:44:25,720 --> 00:44:30,160 formations Define the understanding of 1152 00:44:28,160 --> 00:44:32,680 European Architects and Engineers of the 1153 00:44:30,160 --> 00:44:34,520 time the discovery was not a singular 1154 00:44:32,680 --> 00:44:37,520 event but a gradual unveiling of the 1155 00:44:34,520 --> 00:44:39,079 citadel's Mysteries over the years as 1156 00:44:37,520 --> 00:44:41,640 the Spanish sought to conquer and 1157 00:44:39,079 --> 00:44:44,319 convert the incor they dismantled much 1158 00:44:41,640 --> 00:44:47,040 of saaki waman using its stones to build 1159 00:44:44,319 --> 00:44:48,800 Colonial Cusco however the scale and 1160 00:44:47,040 --> 00:44:51,480 complexity of the site ensured that 1161 00:44:48,800 --> 00:44:54,520 significant portions remained intact 1162 00:44:51,480 --> 00:44:57,480 Sakai waman is enveloped in mystery both 1163 00:44:54,520 --> 00:44:59,119 in its construction and its purpose one 1164 00:44:57,480 --> 00:45:01,160 of the most striking features of the 1165 00:44:59,119 --> 00:45:04,079 site is the Precision with which the 1166 00:45:01,160 --> 00:45:06,359 massive stone blocks are fitted together 1167 00:45:04,079 --> 00:45:08,520 the stones some waying over 100 tons are 1168 00:45:06,359 --> 00:45:10,400 cut and assembled with such accuracy 1169 00:45:08,520 --> 00:45:12,720 that even modern Engineers are baffled 1170 00:45:10,400 --> 00:45:14,920 by the techniques used the walls are 1171 00:45:12,720 --> 00:45:17,680 made up of polygonal blocks carefully 1172 00:45:14,920 --> 00:45:19,400 interlocked without the use of mortar 1173 00:45:17,680 --> 00:45:21,640 this method not only ensured the 1174 00:45:19,400 --> 00:45:24,200 longevity of the structures but also 1175 00:45:21,640 --> 00:45:26,200 allowed them to withstand earthquakes no 1176 00:45:24,200 --> 00:45:27,480 small feet in a seismically active 1177 00:45:26,200 --> 00:45:29,280 region 1178 00:45:27,480 --> 00:45:32,040 one of the most fascinating aspects of 1179 00:45:29,280 --> 00:45:34,119 saakian is the scale of its construction 1180 00:45:32,040 --> 00:45:37,520 the largest stones used in the walls 1181 00:45:34,119 --> 00:45:39,800 weigh up to 140 tons and are over 5 m 1182 00:45:37,520 --> 00:45:41,200 High to put this in perspective these 1183 00:45:39,800 --> 00:45:42,720 stones are heavier than the largest 1184 00:45:41,200 --> 00:45:45,119 blocks used in the construction of the 1185 00:45:42,720 --> 00:45:48,319 Great Pyramid of Giza which weigh around 1186 00:45:45,119 --> 00:45:50,000 80 tons despite their immense size these 1187 00:45:48,319 --> 00:45:51,920 stones are fitted together with such 1188 00:45:50,000 --> 00:45:54,319 Precision that even a piece of paper 1189 00:45:51,920 --> 00:45:56,119 cannot be inserted between them the 1190 00:45:54,319 --> 00:45:58,240 method by which the incor cut and 1191 00:45:56,119 --> 00:46:00,160 transported these Stones remains one of 1192 00:45:58,240 --> 00:46:02,400 the great Unsolved Mysteries of 1193 00:46:00,160 --> 00:46:04,680 archaeology theories range from the use 1194 00:46:02,400 --> 00:46:07,079 of simple tools like bronze chisels and 1195 00:46:04,680 --> 00:46:08,839 hammers to the more controversial idea 1196 00:46:07,079 --> 00:46:12,200 that the incor possessed some form of 1197 00:46:08,839 --> 00:46:14,800 advanced technology or knowledge lost to 1198 00:46:12,200 --> 00:46:17,280 history another unique feature of sax 1199 00:46:14,800 --> 00:46:19,760 iwan is its zigzagging walls which are 1200 00:46:17,280 --> 00:46:22,680 not only aesthetically striking but also 1201 00:46:19,760 --> 00:46:24,440 serve a practical purpose these walls 1202 00:46:22,680 --> 00:46:27,400 are believed to have been designed to 1203 00:46:24,440 --> 00:46:29,920 absorb the impact of seismic activity 1204 00:46:27,400 --> 00:46:31,440 which is common in the region the zigzag 1205 00:46:29,920 --> 00:46:34,040 pattern also made it difficult for 1206 00:46:31,440 --> 00:46:35,160 Invaders to scale the walls providing a 1207 00:46:34,040 --> 00:46:37,839 strategic 1208 00:46:35,160 --> 00:46:40,599 Advantage the question of who built Sak 1209 00:46:37,839 --> 00:46:43,240 saaman has been the subject of much 1210 00:46:40,599 --> 00:46:45,160 debate the traditional view is that the 1211 00:46:43,240 --> 00:46:47,599 incor who ruled the region from the 1212 00:46:45,160 --> 00:46:50,280 early 15th century until the arrival of 1213 00:46:47,599 --> 00:46:52,800 the Spanish in the 16th century were the 1214 00:46:50,280 --> 00:46:55,079 builders however some researchers argue 1215 00:46:52,800 --> 00:46:56,359 that the site May predate the incor and 1216 00:46:55,079 --> 00:46:58,760 could have been constructed by an 1217 00:46:56,359 --> 00:47:01,359 earlier unknown 1218 00:46:58,760 --> 00:47:03,599 civilization the theory that saak iwan 1219 00:47:01,359 --> 00:47:05,359 was built by the Inca is supported by 1220 00:47:03,599 --> 00:47:07,800 the presence of similar construction 1221 00:47:05,359 --> 00:47:09,960 techniques at other Inca sites such as 1222 00:47:07,800 --> 00:47:12,480 Machu Picchu and 1223 00:47:09,960 --> 00:47:15,440 anano however the sheer scale of the 1224 00:47:12,480 --> 00:47:17,040 stones used at saakyan combined with the 1225 00:47:15,440 --> 00:47:19,599 lack of evidence for how the Inca could 1226 00:47:17,040 --> 00:47:21,359 have moved such massive blocks has led 1227 00:47:19,599 --> 00:47:23,599 some to speculate that they may have 1228 00:47:21,359 --> 00:47:25,920 inherited the site from an earlier 1229 00:47:23,599 --> 00:47:27,839 culture one of the most intriguing 1230 00:47:25,920 --> 00:47:29,920 theories is that the Builders of saxi 1231 00:47:27,839 --> 00:47:32,000 waman possessed Advanced knowledge of 1232 00:47:29,920 --> 00:47:33,920 harmonic resonance technology which 1233 00:47:32,000 --> 00:47:36,680 allowed them to move the massive stones 1234 00:47:33,920 --> 00:47:38,920 with ease this Theory suggests that the 1235 00:47:36,680 --> 00:47:41,160 builders used sound waves to levitate or 1236 00:47:38,920 --> 00:47:43,040 reduce the weight of the stones enabling 1237 00:47:41,160 --> 00:47:45,440 them to transport and position them with 1238 00:47:43,040 --> 00:47:47,680 minimal effort while there is no direct 1239 00:47:45,440 --> 00:47:49,520 evidence to support this Theory it has 1240 00:47:47,680 --> 00:47:51,559 gained popularity among those who 1241 00:47:49,520 --> 00:47:53,839 believe that ancient civilizations had 1242 00:47:51,559 --> 00:47:55,119 access to Advanced Technologies that 1243 00:47:53,839 --> 00:47:57,640 have since been 1244 00:47:55,119 --> 00:48:00,240 lost the idea that humans could have 1245 00:47:57,640 --> 00:48:03,280 built saxoman using conventional 1246 00:48:00,240 --> 00:48:05,319 techniques such as ramps and levers is 1247 00:48:03,280 --> 00:48:07,559 not entirely dismissed by 1248 00:48:05,319 --> 00:48:09,280 archaeologists however the lack of 1249 00:48:07,559 --> 00:48:11,839 definitive evidence for how the stones 1250 00:48:09,280 --> 00:48:14,160 were moved and the Precision with which 1251 00:48:11,839 --> 00:48:16,480 they were cut and fitted has led to a 1252 00:48:14,160 --> 00:48:19,480 wide range of alternative theories 1253 00:48:16,480 --> 00:48:22,079 including the possibility of alien 1254 00:48:19,480 --> 00:48:24,680 assistance determining the exact age of 1255 00:48:22,079 --> 00:48:26,480 sax iwan has proven challenging while it 1256 00:48:24,680 --> 00:48:27,960 is generally accepted that the site was 1257 00:48:26,480 --> 00:48:30,319 con constructed during the reign of the 1258 00:48:27,960 --> 00:48:33,040 Inca which began in the early 15th 1259 00:48:30,319 --> 00:48:34,760 century some evidence suggest that 1260 00:48:33,040 --> 00:48:37,480 portions of the Citadel may be much 1261 00:48:34,760 --> 00:48:39,480 older radiocarbon dating of organic 1262 00:48:37,480 --> 00:48:41,800 material found at the site has provided 1263 00:48:39,480 --> 00:48:44,400 dates ranging from the 12th to the 15th 1264 00:48:41,800 --> 00:48:46,240 centuries but these dates are associated 1265 00:48:44,400 --> 00:48:48,680 with the site's later use rather than 1266 00:48:46,240 --> 00:48:50,319 its initial construction the lack of 1267 00:48:48,680 --> 00:48:52,720 definitive dating has led some 1268 00:48:50,319 --> 00:48:54,359 researchers to propose that saxi woman 1269 00:48:52,720 --> 00:48:57,720 may have been built on top of an even 1270 00:48:54,359 --> 00:49:00,000 older structure possibly by a pre- 1271 00:48:57,720 --> 00:49:01,280 civilization this theory is supported by 1272 00:49:00,000 --> 00:49:03,440 the fact that the construction 1273 00:49:01,280 --> 00:49:06,160 techniques used at saaki waman differ 1274 00:49:03,440 --> 00:49:07,920 from those found at other Inca sites the 1275 00:49:06,160 --> 00:49:10,400 Precision with which the stones are cut 1276 00:49:07,920 --> 00:49:12,599 and fitted for example is far superior 1277 00:49:10,400 --> 00:49:15,160 to that seen at Machu Picchu or alanti 1278 00:49:12,599 --> 00:49:17,280 Tambo leading some to speculate that the 1279 00:49:15,160 --> 00:49:20,119 incor may have inherited and repurposed 1280 00:49:17,280 --> 00:49:22,440 the site one of the most interesting 1281 00:49:20,119 --> 00:49:24,480 aspects of saaki waman is its potential 1282 00:49:22,440 --> 00:49:26,799 connection to the megalithic traditions 1283 00:49:24,480 --> 00:49:28,640 of other ancient cultures some 1284 00:49:26,799 --> 00:49:30,359 researchers have noted similarities 1285 00:49:28,640 --> 00:49:33,240 between the construction techniques used 1286 00:49:30,359 --> 00:49:35,520 at saak saaman and those found at other 1287 00:49:33,240 --> 00:49:37,520 megalithic sites around the world such 1288 00:49:35,520 --> 00:49:38,640 as Stonehenge in England and the 1289 00:49:37,520 --> 00:49:41,200 pyramids of 1290 00:49:38,640 --> 00:49:44,240 Egypt these similarities have led to 1291 00:49:41,200 --> 00:49:46,640 speculation that sax iwan may be part of 1292 00:49:44,240 --> 00:49:48,440 a Global Network of ancient sites 1293 00:49:46,640 --> 00:49:49,960 possibly built by A Lost Civilization 1294 00:49:48,440 --> 00:49:50,680 with Advanced knowledge of engineering 1295 00:49:49,960 --> 00:49:53,520 and 1296 00:49:50,680 --> 00:49:55,599 astronomy saaki waman like many ancient 1297 00:49:53,520 --> 00:49:58,000 sites has become the focus of numerous 1298 00:49:55,599 --> 00:50:00,799 conspiracy theories and speculative 1299 00:49:58,000 --> 00:50:03,079 ideas one of the most popular theories 1300 00:50:00,799 --> 00:50:05,960 is that saak saiwan is connected to the 1301 00:50:03,079 --> 00:50:07,760 legendary Hall of Records a supposed 1302 00:50:05,960 --> 00:50:08,799 repository of ancient knowledge hidden 1303 00:50:07,760 --> 00:50:11,559 beneath the 1304 00:50:08,799 --> 00:50:13,359 Earth according to this Theory the Hall 1305 00:50:11,559 --> 00:50:16,400 of Records contains the secrets of 1306 00:50:13,359 --> 00:50:18,319 Advanced Technologies and ancient wisdom 1307 00:50:16,400 --> 00:50:21,240 which were used by the Builders of saak 1308 00:50:18,319 --> 00:50:23,760 saiwan to construct The Citadel another 1309 00:50:21,240 --> 00:50:25,720 intriguing theory is that saakian was 1310 00:50:23,760 --> 00:50:28,359 built using harmonic resonance 1311 00:50:25,720 --> 00:50:30,160 technology this idea suggests that the 1312 00:50:28,359 --> 00:50:32,400 builders were able to move the massive 1313 00:50:30,160 --> 00:50:34,040 Stones by generating specific 1314 00:50:32,400 --> 00:50:36,400 frequencies of sound which caused the 1315 00:50:34,040 --> 00:50:38,000 stones to levitate or become lighter 1316 00:50:36,400 --> 00:50:40,480 while this theory is not supported by 1317 00:50:38,000 --> 00:50:42,400 mainstream archaeology it has gained 1318 00:50:40,480 --> 00:50:44,200 popularity among those who believe that 1319 00:50:42,400 --> 00:50:46,040 ancient civilizations possessed 1320 00:50:44,200 --> 00:50:47,480 knowledge and technologies that have 1321 00:50:46,040 --> 00:50:50,000 been lost to 1322 00:50:47,480 --> 00:50:52,200 history the theory of alien assistance 1323 00:50:50,000 --> 00:50:54,960 is another popular idea associated with 1324 00:50:52,200 --> 00:50:57,040 saak iwam proponents of this Theory 1325 00:50:54,960 --> 00:50:59,440 argue that the Precision and SK scale of 1326 00:50:57,040 --> 00:51:01,559 the stonework at saxi waman are beyond 1327 00:50:59,440 --> 00:51:03,359 the capabilities of ancient human 1328 00:51:01,559 --> 00:51:05,200 civilizations and suggest that 1329 00:51:03,359 --> 00:51:07,280 extraterrestrial beings may have played 1330 00:51:05,200 --> 00:51:09,880 a role in the construction of the 1331 00:51:07,280 --> 00:51:12,280 Citadel this idea is often linked to the 1332 00:51:09,880 --> 00:51:14,200 broader concept of ancient astronauts 1333 00:51:12,280 --> 00:51:15,880 which posits that aliens visited Earth 1334 00:51:14,200 --> 00:51:18,480 in the distant past and helped early 1335 00:51:15,880 --> 00:51:21,319 humans build megalithic structures one 1336 00:51:18,480 --> 00:51:24,440 of the more Fantastical theories is that 1337 00:51:21,319 --> 00:51:26,960 saakian is a portal to another world or 1338 00:51:24,440 --> 00:51:29,400 Dimension according to this idea The 1339 00:51:26,960 --> 00:51:31,079 Citadel was constructed as a Gateway 1340 00:51:29,400 --> 00:51:33,920 that could be used to travel between 1341 00:51:31,079 --> 00:51:35,440 different Realms some proponents of this 1342 00:51:33,920 --> 00:51:37,240 theory suggest that the complex 1343 00:51:35,440 --> 00:51:39,559 alignment of the stones and the presence 1344 00:51:37,240 --> 00:51:41,400 of underground tunnels indicate that 1345 00:51:39,559 --> 00:51:42,880 saaki waman was designed as a 1346 00:51:41,400 --> 00:51:45,720 multi-dimensional 1347 00:51:42,880 --> 00:51:47,520 Gateway the purpose of saaki waman has 1348 00:51:45,720 --> 00:51:49,839 been the subject of much debate among 1349 00:51:47,520 --> 00:51:51,799 archaeologists and historians the 1350 00:51:49,839 --> 00:51:54,000 traditional view is that the site served 1351 00:51:51,799 --> 00:51:56,240 as a military Fortress designed to 1352 00:51:54,000 --> 00:51:59,200 protect Cusco the capital of the Inca 1353 00:51:56,240 --> 00:52:01,559 Empire from Invaders the Strategic 1354 00:51:59,200 --> 00:52:03,680 location of saxoman overlooking the city 1355 00:52:01,559 --> 00:52:06,079 and surrounding Valley supports this 1356 00:52:03,680 --> 00:52:08,400 Theory as does the presence of defensive 1357 00:52:06,079 --> 00:52:10,960 features such as the zigzag walls and 1358 00:52:08,400 --> 00:52:13,119 underground tunnels however some 1359 00:52:10,960 --> 00:52:14,799 researchers believe that saakian may 1360 00:52:13,119 --> 00:52:17,119 have served a more ceremonial or 1361 00:52:14,799 --> 00:52:19,359 religious function the alignment of the 1362 00:52:17,119 --> 00:52:22,040 site with astronomical events such as 1363 00:52:19,359 --> 00:52:23,640 the solstices and equinoxes suggests 1364 00:52:22,040 --> 00:52:26,000 that it may have been used for ritual 1365 00:52:23,640 --> 00:52:27,920 purposes the presence of large Open 1366 00:52:26,000 --> 00:52:30,160 Spaces within the Citadel which could 1367 00:52:27,920 --> 00:52:32,559 have accommodated thousands of people 1368 00:52:30,160 --> 00:52:34,079 also supports the idea that saaki man 1369 00:52:32,559 --> 00:52:36,960 was a Gathering Place for religious 1370 00:52:34,079 --> 00:52:38,640 ceremonies and festivals saaki waman is 1371 00:52:36,960 --> 00:52:41,359 not the only mysterious site in the 1372 00:52:38,640 --> 00:52:44,280 Cusco region nearby the ancient city of 1373 00:52:41,359 --> 00:52:46,480 Machu Picchu located approximately 70 Mi 1374 00:52:44,280 --> 00:52:48,839 Northwest of kusco shares many 1375 00:52:46,480 --> 00:52:50,119 similarities with saaki waman in terms 1376 00:52:48,839 --> 00:52:53,200 of construction techniques and 1377 00:52:50,119 --> 00:52:55,720 astronomical alignments Machu Pichu like 1378 00:52:53,200 --> 00:52:58,079 saak saiwan features precisely cut 1379 00:52:55,720 --> 00:53:00,319 stonework and structures that align with 1380 00:52:58,079 --> 00:53:02,760 celestial events suggesting a possible 1381 00:53:00,319 --> 00:53:04,760 connection between the two sites the 1382 00:53:02,760 --> 00:53:06,960 region around Cusco is also home to 1383 00:53:04,760 --> 00:53:09,319 several other enigmatic sites such as 1384 00:53:06,960 --> 00:53:12,680 the ananti Tambo Fortress and the City 1385 00:53:09,319 --> 00:53:14,920 of pisac these sites like saxi waman 1386 00:53:12,680 --> 00:53:17,440 feature impressive stonework and are 1387 00:53:14,920 --> 00:53:19,599 aligned with astronomical events the 1388 00:53:17,440 --> 00:53:21,640 concentration of such sites in the Cusco 1389 00:53:19,599 --> 00:53:23,640 region has led some researchers to 1390 00:53:21,640 --> 00:53:25,319 speculate that the area may have been a 1391 00:53:23,640 --> 00:53:28,079 center of advanced knowledge and 1392 00:53:25,319 --> 00:53:31,280 technology in the ancient 1393 00:53:28,079 --> 00:53:33,440 world a culture that erected huge stone 1394 00:53:31,280 --> 00:53:35,079 structures like the Egyptian pyramids 1395 00:53:33,440 --> 00:53:37,760 and the temples of the 1396 00:53:35,079 --> 00:53:40,280 atics does the answer lie in the 1397 00:53:37,760 --> 00:53:42,040 mysterious kimoa stone wall very deep in 1398 00:53:40,280 --> 00:53:44,640 the forest near 1399 00:53:42,040 --> 00:53:46,559 tolpo while geologists still wonder 1400 00:53:44,640 --> 00:53:48,760 whether it's a natural rock formation or 1401 00:53:46,559 --> 00:53:52,480 not later this month archaeologists will 1402 00:53:48,760 --> 00:53:54,640 begin Excavating around it the Kwa Wall 1403 00:53:52,480 --> 00:53:56,880 located in the dense Kwa Forest of New 1404 00:53:54,640 --> 00:53:59,480 Zealand's North Island has has long been 1405 00:53:56,880 --> 00:54:01,520 a subject of intrigue sparking debates 1406 00:53:59,480 --> 00:54:03,319 and inspiring numerous theories about 1407 00:54:01,520 --> 00:54:04,799 its origin there's two Scoles of thought 1408 00:54:03,319 --> 00:54:06,920 at the moment one that it's a natural 1409 00:54:04,799 --> 00:54:09,119 occurrence and one that the locks of 1410 00:54:06,920 --> 00:54:11,520 rock have been placed here by some early 1411 00:54:09,119 --> 00:54:13,480 civilization the walls Discovery and 1412 00:54:11,520 --> 00:54:15,720 subsequent study have raised more 1413 00:54:13,480 --> 00:54:17,720 questions than answers fueling 1414 00:54:15,720 --> 00:54:20,520 speculation about its purpose and the 1415 00:54:17,720 --> 00:54:23,319 people who might have built it if indeed 1416 00:54:20,520 --> 00:54:25,520 it is man-made at all they have said 1417 00:54:23,319 --> 00:54:28,040 that this is beyond our time they were 1418 00:54:25,520 --> 00:54:31,640 here 2 years ago and were brought here 1419 00:54:28,040 --> 00:54:33,520 by people the kimwa wall was first 1420 00:54:31,640 --> 00:54:36,880 brought to public attention in the early 1421 00:54:33,520 --> 00:54:38,599 1990s by Barry brailsford a historian 1422 00:54:36,880 --> 00:54:40,119 and author with a deep interest in New 1423 00:54:38,599 --> 00:54:42,599 Zealand's indigenous 1424 00:54:40,119 --> 00:54:44,640 cultures brailsford along with a small 1425 00:54:42,599 --> 00:54:47,040 team of explorers stumbled upon the 1426 00:54:44,640 --> 00:54:49,319 structure while investigating local Maui 1427 00:54:47,040 --> 00:54:51,440 legends that spoke of ancient stone 1428 00:54:49,319 --> 00:54:54,160 constructions hidden deep within the 1429 00:54:51,440 --> 00:54:55,839 forest however the Wall's existence had 1430 00:54:54,160 --> 00:54:58,799 likely been known to local hunters and 1431 00:54:55,839 --> 00:55:01,079 Bushmen for some time as the area was 1432 00:54:58,799 --> 00:55:03,319 popular for hunting and tracking the 1433 00:55:01,079 --> 00:55:05,240 wall itself is a roughly 10 m tall 1434 00:55:03,319 --> 00:55:08,079 structure composed of large smooth 1435 00:55:05,240 --> 00:55:10,720 megalithic stone blocks seemingly fitted 1436 00:55:08,079 --> 00:55:12,480 together with Precision the blocks which 1437 00:55:10,720 --> 00:55:14,440 appear to be rectangular and 1438 00:55:12,480 --> 00:55:17,160 meticulously arranged in horizontal 1439 00:55:14,440 --> 00:55:18,960 courses resemble the kind of ston work 1440 00:55:17,160 --> 00:55:20,559 associated with ancient megalithic 1441 00:55:18,960 --> 00:55:23,280 structures found in other parts of the 1442 00:55:20,559 --> 00:55:26,039 world such as the Inca walls of saaki 1443 00:55:23,280 --> 00:55:28,720 Haman in Peru or the cyclopian walls of 1444 00:55:26,039 --> 00:55:31,680 my in Greece and the Rocks themselves 1445 00:55:28,720 --> 00:55:34,200 bend in a sort of a semicircle around it 1446 00:55:31,680 --> 00:55:36,920 may be the shape of some sort of 1447 00:55:34,200 --> 00:55:38,720 structure what makes the kimwa wall so 1448 00:55:36,920 --> 00:55:40,880 mysterious is the uncertainty 1449 00:55:38,720 --> 00:55:42,920 surrounding its Origins unlike other 1450 00:55:40,880 --> 00:55:44,799 megalithic structures around the world 1451 00:55:42,920 --> 00:55:46,559 which have been studied extensively and 1452 00:55:44,799 --> 00:55:49,240 often linked to known ancient 1453 00:55:46,559 --> 00:55:50,960 civilizations the kaaawa wall exists in 1454 00:55:49,240 --> 00:55:53,559 a region with no known history of 1455 00:55:50,960 --> 00:55:55,839 large-scale stone construction the 1456 00:55:53,559 --> 00:55:58,200 indigenous Mai people who have inhabited 1457 00:55:55,839 --> 00:55:59,559 New Zeal for over a thousand years are 1458 00:55:58,200 --> 00:56:02,160 not known to have built anything 1459 00:55:59,559 --> 00:56:03,960 resembling this kind of stonework this 1460 00:56:02,160 --> 00:56:06,319 has led to much speculation about the 1461 00:56:03,960 --> 00:56:08,960 walls Builders with theories ranging 1462 00:56:06,319 --> 00:56:11,280 from a forgotten pre Maui civilization 1463 00:56:08,960 --> 00:56:13,760 to Natural geological formations 1464 00:56:11,280 --> 00:56:15,440 misinterpreted as man-made when 1465 00:56:13,760 --> 00:56:17,039 brailford and his team first reported 1466 00:56:15,440 --> 00:56:19,119 the wall they were met with skepticism 1467 00:56:17,039 --> 00:56:21,240 from the academic Community many 1468 00:56:19,119 --> 00:56:22,720 geologists and archaeologists were quick 1469 00:56:21,240 --> 00:56:24,839 to dismiss the wall as a natural 1470 00:56:22,720 --> 00:56:27,440 formation arguing that the stones were 1471 00:56:24,839 --> 00:56:29,640 simply a result of volcanic activity 1472 00:56:27,440 --> 00:56:31,520 with natural processes such as erosion 1473 00:56:29,640 --> 00:56:32,799 and faulting giving the appearance of 1474 00:56:31,520 --> 00:56:35,319 man-made 1475 00:56:32,799 --> 00:56:36,920 construction however this explanation 1476 00:56:35,319 --> 00:56:39,200 did little to quell The public's 1477 00:56:36,920 --> 00:56:40,680 fascination with the wall and amateur 1478 00:56:39,200 --> 00:56:43,240 archaeologists and alternative 1479 00:56:40,680 --> 00:56:45,480 historians began to propose more exotic 1480 00:56:43,240 --> 00:56:47,400 theories one of the most intriguing 1481 00:56:45,480 --> 00:56:49,599 aspects of the kaim Manawa wall is the 1482 00:56:47,400 --> 00:56:52,559 Precision of the stonework the blocks 1483 00:56:49,599 --> 00:56:55,039 are estimated to be up to 2 m long 1 M 1484 00:56:52,559 --> 00:56:57,599 high and 1 M deep with some weighing 1485 00:56:55,039 --> 00:56:59,559 several tons the largest blocks are 1486 00:56:57,599 --> 00:57:01,599 comparable in size to those used in the 1487 00:56:59,559 --> 00:57:04,200 construction of Stonehenge or the Great 1488 00:57:01,599 --> 00:57:05,680 Pyramid of Giza leading to speculation 1489 00:57:04,200 --> 00:57:08,079 that they could not have been moved or 1490 00:57:05,680 --> 00:57:10,160 placed without advanced technology or 1491 00:57:08,079 --> 00:57:12,520 the coordinated efforts of a large 1492 00:57:10,160 --> 00:57:15,160 Workforce despite the skepticism from 1493 00:57:12,520 --> 00:57:17,640 some quarters the Wall's Discovery has 1494 00:57:15,160 --> 00:57:20,000 led to further exploration of the area 1495 00:57:17,640 --> 00:57:22,480 revealing additional Stone formations 1496 00:57:20,000 --> 00:57:24,160 that could suggest a larger more complex 1497 00:57:22,480 --> 00:57:26,480 structure buried beneath the forest 1498 00:57:24,160 --> 00:57:28,160 floor these formations include what 1499 00:57:26,480 --> 00:57:30,079 appear to be Terraces steps and other 1500 00:57:28,160 --> 00:57:31,920 features that are difficult to explain 1501 00:57:30,079 --> 00:57:34,240 through purely natural 1502 00:57:31,920 --> 00:57:36,520 processes another interesting fact is 1503 00:57:34,240 --> 00:57:38,400 the walls orientation the structure is 1504 00:57:36,520 --> 00:57:41,079 aligned with the cardinal points with 1505 00:57:38,400 --> 00:57:42,720 its longest side facing north which some 1506 00:57:41,079 --> 00:57:45,200 researchers believe could indicate a 1507 00:57:42,720 --> 00:57:48,599 deliberate design possibly for 1508 00:57:45,200 --> 00:57:51,119 astronomical or ceremonial purposes this 1509 00:57:48,599 --> 00:57:53,520 alignment combined with the walls scale 1510 00:57:51,119 --> 00:57:55,480 and precision has led to comparisons 1511 00:57:53,520 --> 00:57:56,680 with other ancient megalithic sites 1512 00:57:55,480 --> 00:57:58,480 around the world 1513 00:57:56,680 --> 00:58:00,160 further fueling theories that it could 1514 00:57:58,480 --> 00:58:02,799 be evidence of an unknown ancient 1515 00:58:00,160 --> 00:58:06,319 culture the stone blocks that make up 1516 00:58:02,799 --> 00:58:11,480 the kaaawa wall are massive with an 1517 00:58:06,319 --> 00:58:13,760 average size of around 2 m by 1 M by 1 M 1518 00:58:11,480 --> 00:58:16,680 each block is estimated to weigh between 1519 00:58:13,760 --> 00:58:19,160 3 to 5 tons depending on its exact 1520 00:58:16,680 --> 00:58:21,079 dimensions and the density of the stone 1521 00:58:19,160 --> 00:58:22,359 to put this into perspective the average 1522 00:58:21,079 --> 00:58:23,920 weight of a block used in the 1523 00:58:22,359 --> 00:58:26,720 construction of the Great Pyramid of 1524 00:58:23,920 --> 00:58:28,240 Giza is around 2 and 1/2 tons 1525 00:58:26,720 --> 00:58:31,119 while the largest stones used in 1526 00:58:28,240 --> 00:58:33,440 Stonehenge weigh up to 30 tons this 1527 00:58:31,119 --> 00:58:35,520 makes the kimwa wall Stones relatively 1528 00:58:33,440 --> 00:58:37,559 large compared to many other ancient 1529 00:58:35,520 --> 00:58:39,640 constructions particularly given the 1530 00:58:37,559 --> 00:58:41,480 lack of evidence for large-scale stone 1531 00:58:39,640 --> 00:58:44,760 quarrying or Construction in 1532 00:58:41,480 --> 00:58:46,240 pre-colonial New Zealand the sheer size 1533 00:58:44,760 --> 00:58:47,920 and weight of these Stones raised 1534 00:58:46,240 --> 00:58:50,359 significant questions about how they 1535 00:58:47,920 --> 00:58:52,559 were moved and placed especially in a 1536 00:58:50,359 --> 00:58:54,240 dense forest environment with limited 1537 00:58:52,559 --> 00:58:56,640 access to the kinds of tools and 1538 00:58:54,240 --> 00:58:58,839 Technologies typically associated with 1539 00:58:56,640 --> 00:59:01,119 megalithic construction a structure that 1540 00:58:58,839 --> 00:59:02,720 would create so much controversy a great 1541 00:59:01,119 --> 00:59:05,480 number of theories would be created as 1542 00:59:02,720 --> 00:59:07,280 to the very nature of its existence the 1543 00:59:05,480 --> 00:59:09,839 absence of any obvious Quarry sites 1544 00:59:07,280 --> 00:59:11,640 nearby also adds to the mystery as it is 1545 00:59:09,839 --> 00:59:13,680 unclear where the stones were sourced 1546 00:59:11,640 --> 00:59:16,079 from or how they were transported to 1547 00:59:13,680 --> 00:59:18,920 their current location one of the most 1548 00:59:16,079 --> 00:59:21,400 popular alternative theories suggests 1549 00:59:18,920 --> 00:59:23,599 that the wall is evidence of a pre Mai 1550 00:59:21,400 --> 00:59:26,119 civilization that possessed Advanced 1551 00:59:23,599 --> 00:59:27,799 knowledge of stone Construction propos 1552 00:59:26,119 --> 00:59:29,720 opponents of this Theory argue that the 1553 00:59:27,799 --> 00:59:32,000 wall could be the remains of a temple 1554 00:59:29,720 --> 00:59:33,839 Fortress or other significant structure 1555 00:59:32,000 --> 00:59:35,640 built by this Lost 1556 00:59:33,839 --> 00:59:37,400 Civilization however mainstream 1557 00:59:35,640 --> 00:59:39,440 geologists argue that the wall is a 1558 00:59:37,400 --> 00:59:42,599 natural formation the result of a 1559 00:59:39,440 --> 00:59:44,880 process known as columna jointing this 1560 00:59:42,599 --> 00:59:47,160 process occurs when lava cools and 1561 00:59:44,880 --> 00:59:48,680 contracts forming hexagonal or 1562 00:59:47,160 --> 00:59:51,039 rectangular columns that can appear to 1563 00:59:48,680 --> 00:59:52,559 be artificially constructed while this 1564 00:59:51,039 --> 00:59:54,839 explanation accounts for the Wall's 1565 00:59:52,559 --> 00:59:56,680 appearance it does not satisfy those who 1566 00:59:54,839 --> 00:59:58,839 point to the Precision and alignment of 1567 00:59:56,680 --> 01:00:01,200 the stones as evidence of human 1568 00:59:58,839 --> 01:00:03,640 involvement determining the age of the 1569 01:00:01,200 --> 01:00:06,119 kaawa wall has proven to be a 1570 01:00:03,640 --> 01:00:08,359 significant challenge primarily due to 1571 01:00:06,119 --> 01:00:09,559 the lack of organic material associated 1572 01:00:08,359 --> 01:00:12,400 with the structure that could be 1573 01:00:09,559 --> 01:00:14,559 radiocarbon dated without direct 1574 01:00:12,400 --> 01:00:16,559 evidence researchers have had to rely on 1575 01:00:14,559 --> 01:00:17,960 indirect methods such as geological 1576 01:00:16,559 --> 01:00:20,359 dating of the surrounding rock 1577 01:00:17,960 --> 01:00:22,520 formations and the examination of any 1578 01:00:20,359 --> 01:00:25,039 possible weathering patterns on the 1579 01:00:22,520 --> 01:00:26,799 Stones Some researchers have suggested 1580 01:00:25,039 --> 01:00:29,200 that the wall could be several thousand 1581 01:00:26,799 --> 01:00:31,799 years old possibly predating the arrival 1582 01:00:29,200 --> 01:00:34,319 of the mai in New Zealand around 1,000 1583 01:00:31,799 --> 01:00:36,240 years ago this Theory aligns with the 1584 01:00:34,319 --> 01:00:38,920 idea that the wall is the work of a pre 1585 01:00:36,240 --> 01:00:41,240 Mori civilization although there is no 1586 01:00:38,920 --> 01:00:43,000 direct evidence to support this claim 1587 01:00:41,240 --> 01:00:44,839 others argue that the wall could be much 1588 01:00:43,000 --> 01:00:46,680 younger potentially the result of 1589 01:00:44,839 --> 01:00:49,160 natural processes occurring within the 1590 01:00:46,680 --> 01:00:52,200 last few thousand years one of the most 1591 01:00:49,160 --> 01:00:54,960 intriguing theories about the kaaawa 1592 01:00:52,200 --> 01:00:58,119 wall is that it was part of an ancient 1593 01:00:54,960 --> 01:01:00,680 ceremonial or astronomical site the 1594 01:00:58,119 --> 01:01:03,200 walls alignment with the cardinal points 1595 01:01:00,680 --> 01:01:05,440 combined with its apparent Precision has 1596 01:01:03,200 --> 01:01:06,720 led some researchers to suggest that it 1597 01:01:05,440 --> 01:01:09,680 could have been used for observing 1598 01:01:06,720 --> 01:01:11,640 celestial events such as solstices or 1599 01:01:09,680 --> 01:01:13,839 equinoxes this would place it in the 1600 01:01:11,640 --> 01:01:15,559 same category as other megalithic sites 1601 01:01:13,839 --> 01:01:17,440 around the world that are believed to 1602 01:01:15,559 --> 01:01:19,520 have served as ancient 1603 01:01:17,440 --> 01:01:21,720 observatories another theory is that the 1604 01:01:19,520 --> 01:01:24,039 wall was part of a defensive structure 1605 01:01:21,720 --> 01:01:26,440 perhaps a fortress or a boundary wall 1606 01:01:24,039 --> 01:01:28,880 used to protect a settlement or sacred 1607 01:01:26,440 --> 01:01:31,480 site this theory is supported by the 1608 01:01:28,880 --> 01:01:32,920 Wall's imposing height and the apparent 1609 01:01:31,480 --> 01:01:34,760 difficulty in accessing the site which 1610 01:01:32,920 --> 01:01:37,440 would have made it an ideal location for 1611 01:01:34,760 --> 01:01:39,000 a fortified structure some have even 1612 01:01:37,440 --> 01:01:40,760 suggested that the wall could be a 1613 01:01:39,000 --> 01:01:43,359 remnant of an ancient roadway or 1614 01:01:40,760 --> 01:01:46,280 Causeway possibly used for transporting 1615 01:01:43,359 --> 01:01:47,920 goods or people through the dense forest 1616 01:01:46,280 --> 01:01:50,319 this theory is based on the Wall's 1617 01:01:47,920 --> 01:01:51,839 straight linear design which could 1618 01:01:50,319 --> 01:01:54,839 indicate that it was part of a larger 1619 01:01:51,839 --> 01:01:57,000 network of Roads or Pathways one of the 1620 01:01:54,839 --> 01:01:58,960 most mysterious aspect ects of the kaawa 1621 01:01:57,000 --> 01:02:01,000 wall is the lack of any similar 1622 01:01:58,960 --> 01:02:03,400 structures in New Zealand or The Wider 1623 01:02:01,000 --> 01:02:05,640 Polynesian region while there are 1624 01:02:03,400 --> 01:02:08,000 numerous examples of stone construction 1625 01:02:05,640 --> 01:02:09,799 throughout the Pacific including the 1626 01:02:08,000 --> 01:02:12,279 famous moai of Easter Island and the 1627 01:02:09,799 --> 01:02:14,160 morai of Tahiti none of these sites 1628 01:02:12,279 --> 01:02:15,400 resemble the megalithic style of the 1629 01:02:14,160 --> 01:02:17,920 kaimanawa 1630 01:02:15,400 --> 01:02:19,559 wall this has led some researchers to 1631 01:02:17,920 --> 01:02:21,720 speculate that the wall could be 1632 01:02:19,559 --> 01:02:23,680 evidence of a migration or cultural 1633 01:02:21,720 --> 01:02:26,079 exchange between New Zealand and other 1634 01:02:23,680 --> 01:02:29,359 parts of the world possibly as far a 1635 01:02:26,079 --> 01:02:30,960 field as South America or southeast Asia 1636 01:02:29,359 --> 01:02:32,440 one particularly interesting Theory 1637 01:02:30,960 --> 01:02:35,319 suggests that the wall could be linked 1638 01:02:32,440 --> 01:02:37,240 to the ancient legends of moo or lamuria 1639 01:02:35,319 --> 01:02:39,160 hypothetical lost continents that are 1640 01:02:37,240 --> 01:02:42,000 said to have once existed in the Pacific 1641 01:02:39,160 --> 01:02:43,640 Ocean proponents of this Theory argue 1642 01:02:42,000 --> 01:02:45,960 that the wall could be a remnant of an 1643 01:02:43,640 --> 01:02:48,359 advanced civilization that was destroyed 1644 01:02:45,960 --> 01:02:50,160 in a cataclysmic event leaving only a 1645 01:02:48,359 --> 01:02:52,400 few scattered ruins 1646 01:02:50,160 --> 01:02:54,440 behind another coincidence that has 1647 01:02:52,400 --> 01:02:56,559 fueled speculation is the similarity 1648 01:02:54,440 --> 01:02:58,920 between the kaawa wall and certain 1649 01:02:56,559 --> 01:03:01,480 structures in Japan particularly the 1650 01:02:58,920 --> 01:03:03,960 megalithic site of yonaguni which lies 1651 01:03:01,480 --> 01:03:06,240 submerged off the coast of Japan the 1652 01:03:03,960 --> 01:03:08,480 yonaguni structure like the kaimanawa 1653 01:03:06,240 --> 01:03:10,680 wall is composed of large precisely cut 1654 01:03:08,480 --> 01:03:13,119 stone blocks arranged in a manner that 1655 01:03:10,680 --> 01:03:14,799 suggests human involvement some 1656 01:03:13,119 --> 01:03:16,760 researchers have suggested that these 1657 01:03:14,799 --> 01:03:19,160 similarities could indicate a shared 1658 01:03:16,760 --> 01:03:21,079 cultural or technological origin 1659 01:03:19,160 --> 01:03:23,160 possibly dating back to a time when sea 1660 01:03:21,079 --> 01:03:26,119 levels were lower and these regions were 1661 01:03:23,160 --> 01:03:28,720 more closely connected in addition to 1662 01:03:26,119 --> 01:03:30,319 the kaima Nawa wall there have been 1663 01:03:28,720 --> 01:03:32,319 other intriguing discoveries in the 1664 01:03:30,319 --> 01:03:34,880 surrounding area that could shed light 1665 01:03:32,319 --> 01:03:37,160 on the Region's ancient history for 1666 01:03:34,880 --> 01:03:39,039 example researchers have found numerous 1667 01:03:37,160 --> 01:03:41,319 petroglyphs and carvings in the Central 1668 01:03:39,039 --> 01:03:43,640 North Island some of which depict 1669 01:03:41,319 --> 01:03:46,640 strange humanoid figures and symbols 1670 01:03:43,640 --> 01:03:48,400 that do not appear to be of Maui origin 1671 01:03:46,640 --> 01:03:50,319 these carvings have led some to 1672 01:03:48,400 --> 01:03:53,520 speculate that they could be the work of 1673 01:03:50,319 --> 01:03:56,599 a prei culture possibly the same one 1674 01:03:53,520 --> 01:03:58,760 responsible for the kimwa wall 1675 01:03:56,599 --> 01:04:00,440 comparisons between the kimwa wall and 1676 01:03:58,760 --> 01:04:02,920 other megalithic structures around the 1677 01:04:00,440 --> 01:04:05,400 world have also provided some intriguing 1678 01:04:02,920 --> 01:04:07,160 insights for example the walls 1679 01:04:05,400 --> 01:04:09,119 construction technique Bears some 1680 01:04:07,160 --> 01:04:11,520 resemblance to the incor stone walls 1681 01:04:09,119 --> 01:04:13,319 found in Cusco Peru where large 1682 01:04:11,520 --> 01:04:14,880 irregularly shaped stones are fitted 1683 01:04:13,319 --> 01:04:17,680 together without the use of 1684 01:04:14,880 --> 01:04:20,039 mortar while the kimwa walls stones are 1685 01:04:17,680 --> 01:04:21,680 more regular in shape the Precision with 1686 01:04:20,039 --> 01:04:24,359 which they are fitted together is 1687 01:04:21,680 --> 01:04:26,079 comparable leading some researchers to 1688 01:04:24,359 --> 01:04:29,840 suggest that similar techniques or 1689 01:04:26,079 --> 01:04:41,020 knowledge could have been used 1690 01:04:29,840 --> 01:04:41,020 [Music] 128066

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