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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:02,100 I'm seeing a flying disc out by C-17. 2 00:00:02,740 --> 00:00:06,020 Among the quiet towns and bustling epicenters around the world, 3 00:00:06,280 --> 00:00:08,940 reports pour in of unusual aerial phenomena. 4 00:00:09,520 --> 00:00:11,720 It shoots high into the air. 5 00:00:11,900 --> 00:00:13,880 It's moving in an erratic way. 6 00:00:14,100 --> 00:00:17,040 This is not a terrestrial craft. 7 00:00:17,480 --> 00:00:19,460 Flying discs, hovering orbs, 8 00:00:19,920 --> 00:00:22,920 strange biological substances falling from the sky. 9 00:00:23,580 --> 00:00:25,520 To determine what it might have been, 10 00:00:25,620 --> 00:00:28,800 you'd have to eliminate all the other possibilities. 11 00:00:28,800 --> 00:00:32,500 The sensational becomes credible once it's crowdsourced. 12 00:00:32,780 --> 00:00:35,820 Thousands of people claim to see these orbs. 13 00:00:36,240 --> 00:00:38,300 UFO hotspots light up on the map. 14 00:00:38,800 --> 00:00:41,900 What's made these places the target of otherworldly attention? 15 00:00:42,280 --> 00:00:44,520 This might be the location of the vortex. 16 00:00:45,300 --> 00:00:47,800 As vessels reappear in the same locations, 17 00:00:48,300 --> 00:00:51,680 can we use the earthly to guess at otherworldly motives? 18 00:00:52,260 --> 00:00:55,220 Are these mysterious visitors friends or foe? 19 00:00:55,620 --> 00:00:57,200 And should we fear their return? 20 00:00:57,200 --> 00:01:02,060 All over the world, repeat sightings of UFOs baffle researchers. 21 00:01:02,320 --> 00:01:05,480 UAP are in our airspace, but they are grossly underreported. 22 00:01:05,720 --> 00:01:07,400 The pattern begins to emerge. 23 00:01:07,560 --> 00:01:09,280 These sightings are not rare or isolated. 24 00:01:09,440 --> 00:01:10,000 They are routine. 25 00:01:10,360 --> 00:01:12,540 What is the meaning behind these hotspots? 26 00:01:12,700 --> 00:01:14,900 I can't go beyond what I've already stated publicly. 27 00:01:14,900 --> 00:01:17,100 Congress, the government is not prepared. 28 00:01:17,100 --> 00:01:18,220 Are we being mapped? 29 00:01:21,220 --> 00:01:24,840 In Yelm, Washington, something strange is happening. 30 00:01:24,840 --> 00:01:34,240 On July 29th, 2017, at 9.58 p.m., an off-duty pilot is standing at his living room window. 31 00:01:34,240 --> 00:01:44,380 He has spent thousands of hours flying through the skies here, but he has never seen anything like this. 32 00:01:44,380 --> 00:01:52,960 An impossibly bright, silvery-white light streaks across the horizon at mind-bending speed. 33 00:01:55,380 --> 00:02:01,040 Had the pilot been in the air, he would have been able to confirm the strange object with the ground crew. 34 00:02:01,040 --> 00:02:04,540 But now there is only one place he can report to. 35 00:02:08,640 --> 00:02:17,300 In Davenport, an operator stationed inside an abandoned missile site tries to understand the pilot's description of the impossible object. 36 00:02:18,820 --> 00:02:20,460 It sounds like a meteor. 37 00:02:21,180 --> 00:02:22,300 The pilot protests. 38 00:02:23,120 --> 00:02:24,620 He's seen meteors before. 39 00:02:24,620 --> 00:02:34,040 This light is steady, more like a missile, but far faster, crossing the sky at an estimated speed of 12,000 kilometers per hour. 40 00:02:37,340 --> 00:02:43,600 The Davenport operator has worked for the National UFO Reporting Center for more than three decades. 41 00:02:44,400 --> 00:02:47,300 Descriptions of the impossible are all too familiar. 42 00:02:48,900 --> 00:02:54,340 On this night alone, he will receive 12 other reports about the strange light in Yelm. 43 00:02:54,620 --> 00:03:06,580 It will be recorded and filed as one in thousands of unidentified objects that have confounded scientists and citizens in the region for more than 70 years. 44 00:03:11,400 --> 00:03:14,400 June 24, 1947. 45 00:03:15,740 --> 00:03:21,040 Amateur pilot Kenneth Arnold flies his single-seater plane high above Washington State, 46 00:03:21,040 --> 00:03:25,040 carefully observing the vast Cascade mountain range below. 47 00:03:25,040 --> 00:03:37,300 He decides to take a detour to try and find a military plane that has downed recently with several potential fatalities. 48 00:03:37,300 --> 00:03:46,760 A $5,000 reward is being offered for news of the plane, which had disappeared seven months earlier with 32 Marines aboard. 49 00:03:47,300 --> 00:03:54,460 Looking for a downed aircraft in a mountainous area is probably one of the toughest search and rescue tasks there is. 50 00:03:54,680 --> 00:03:56,760 It's the proverbial needle in a haystack. 51 00:03:57,040 --> 00:03:59,080 The aircraft could be snow-covered. 52 00:03:59,180 --> 00:04:02,220 It could be buried in amongst the foliage of the forest. 53 00:04:02,400 --> 00:04:04,200 It could be hidden up in some valley. 54 00:04:04,200 --> 00:04:13,080 Shortly before 3 p.m., Arnold Banks left, 32 kilometers from the Cascade's highest peak, Mount Rainier. 55 00:04:15,200 --> 00:04:19,720 Suddenly, a bright flash to the northeast catches his eye. 56 00:04:19,720 --> 00:04:25,200 At first, he thinks the flash is just a reflection from another aircraft. 57 00:04:25,540 --> 00:04:27,860 But the reality is far stranger. 58 00:04:29,540 --> 00:04:35,140 What he encounters is something that appears to be a group of alien aircraft. 59 00:04:35,800 --> 00:04:38,520 In fact, nine of them in total. 60 00:04:39,440 --> 00:04:47,200 Arnold said that these aircraft were weaving and dipping and that they appeared to be disc-shaped. 61 00:04:47,200 --> 00:04:55,060 Astonished at the speed of the objects, Arnold times the fleet between Mount Rainier and nearby Mount Adams. 62 00:04:55,780 --> 00:05:01,080 He estimates that they are flying between 1,900 and 2,700 kilometers per hour. 63 00:05:01,080 --> 00:05:06,920 This is in 1947, at the dawn of the jet age. 64 00:05:06,920 --> 00:05:14,440 We really don't have any aircraft at that point in time that can approach anywhere near those speeds. 65 00:05:14,860 --> 00:05:19,300 And if they were going that fast, they would certainly leave one heck of a sonic boom. 66 00:05:19,460 --> 00:05:26,120 Unless they were defying the laws of physics and aerodynamics, then what he saw was not what he thought he saw. 67 00:05:26,120 --> 00:05:38,120 The whole Kenneth Arnold episode basically unleashes a kind of UFO mania in the United States throughout the late 1940s and into the 1950s. 68 00:05:38,900 --> 00:05:43,160 And we even see for the first time the term flying saucer arising. 69 00:05:43,160 --> 00:05:54,920 All these other reports pop up, and in some cases, having one story come out means that the other people who might have had something odd happen now feel more comfortable sharing theirs. 70 00:05:55,340 --> 00:05:58,700 Now for others, it could be that some people crave attention. 71 00:05:59,140 --> 00:06:01,740 It's kind of a me too. I can have a sighting and I can do it. 72 00:06:01,740 --> 00:06:07,580 But then there's another side, a bit more negative. They're being quite nasty towards him. 73 00:06:07,780 --> 00:06:10,400 Maybe he's making it all up. Is he crazy? 74 00:06:11,080 --> 00:06:17,260 There's obviously a huge amount of skepticism, whether or not he's experienced a hallucination, 75 00:06:17,580 --> 00:06:23,500 or whether or not it's a kind of a trick of the light that he is mistaken for a series of UFOs. 76 00:06:23,500 --> 00:06:31,120 One suggested explanation is an unusual type of cloud formation known as lenticular clouds. 77 00:06:32,840 --> 00:06:43,380 Lenticular clouds are a wild-looking cloud because most of the time we sort of associate big puffy cauliflower shapes as to what clouds look like. 78 00:06:43,720 --> 00:06:47,740 But lenticular clouds can be very smooth-sided on all sides. 79 00:06:47,740 --> 00:06:52,860 If you've never seen this before, it absolutely will cause you to go, 80 00:06:53,160 --> 00:06:57,180 I have no idea what I'm looking at, and this is the wildest thing ever, and it must be a UFO. 81 00:06:59,860 --> 00:07:03,700 Another possibility is a medical condition called hypoxia. 82 00:07:04,440 --> 00:07:11,660 And that is a physiological state where you're breathing, but the oxygen is not under enough pressure to get into your bloodstream and feed the brain. 83 00:07:11,660 --> 00:07:18,120 And when that starts to happen, you can experience sometimes hallucinations of a sort. 84 00:07:20,080 --> 00:07:23,600 Arnold dismisses his skeptics and sticks to his story. 85 00:07:26,180 --> 00:07:34,100 As news of this strange encounter spreads, media outlets and U.S. military agents alike search for evidence to corroborate the story. 86 00:07:34,520 --> 00:07:35,800 And they find it. 87 00:07:35,800 --> 00:07:47,200 At 2.30 p.m., a man in Richland, Washington, reports several silver disks flying rapidly westward towards Mount Rainier. 88 00:07:49,200 --> 00:07:57,820 At 3 p.m., a member of the Washington Forest Service on Firewatch reports sudden flashes above the mountain, moving in perfect formation. 89 00:07:57,820 --> 00:08:10,620 And as Arnold flies over with his aircraft, just after 3 p.m., prospector Fred Johnson spots the mysterious disks from the base of Mount Adams. 90 00:08:11,460 --> 00:08:15,820 Even stranger, Johnson soon discovers that his compass is swaying wildly. 91 00:08:17,420 --> 00:08:23,940 Could that be down to the mountains, or the environment, or was it due to the occurrence of a UFO sighting? 92 00:08:23,940 --> 00:08:30,580 Well, the obvious question is, if there are UFOs in this area, what are they doing there? 93 00:08:30,680 --> 00:08:35,740 What is it that makes extraterrestrials want to come to that spot? 94 00:08:42,940 --> 00:08:47,880 Extending more than 1,100 kilometers over three U.S. states and into Canada, 95 00:08:48,280 --> 00:08:52,600 the Cascade Mountain Range is Washington's most striking geological feature. 96 00:08:52,600 --> 00:08:58,220 The effect of the Cascade Mountain Range is quite dramatic on the landscape. 97 00:08:58,940 --> 00:09:00,600 Western side, it's subtropical. 98 00:09:01,440 --> 00:09:06,260 But then if you go to the eastern side, you get this really arid, more desert-like landscape. 99 00:09:06,960 --> 00:09:10,540 While many of the peaks here reach well over 3,000 meters, 100 00:09:11,220 --> 00:09:15,840 none are as tall as Mount Rainier, ascending more than 4,300 meters. 101 00:09:16,340 --> 00:09:19,600 As beautiful as the Cascades are, it comes with its dangers. 102 00:09:19,600 --> 00:09:23,680 There can be unpredictable weather, there can be air currents that cause turbulence, 103 00:09:24,040 --> 00:09:27,220 and this is especially to the detriment of pilots in the region. 104 00:09:29,440 --> 00:09:32,760 Mount Rainier isn't just a mountain. 105 00:09:33,280 --> 00:09:42,700 It's an active, very dangerous volcano that's sitting very close to a large urban metropolis. 106 00:09:42,700 --> 00:09:47,720 The entire Pacific Northwest is very geologically active, 107 00:09:48,120 --> 00:09:52,320 and that's because it sits right on the border of two tectonic plates. 108 00:09:52,960 --> 00:09:57,480 So a mountain like Rainier is always in motion, 109 00:09:57,860 --> 00:10:02,920 because magma is moving underneath that mountain at all times. 110 00:10:02,920 --> 00:10:07,440 The activity at Mount Rainier started about a million years ago, 111 00:10:07,440 --> 00:10:12,120 with the most recent significant eruption being about 1,000 years ago. 112 00:10:12,600 --> 00:10:17,080 And in the lifespan of volcanoes, 1,000 years is nothing. 113 00:10:17,560 --> 00:10:21,920 So while the volcano isn't active in the sense that it's erupting, 114 00:10:22,240 --> 00:10:24,660 it really does have the potential to erupt again. 115 00:10:24,660 --> 00:10:33,280 The many volcanic peaks in the Cascades leave local communities in near-constant fear of a possible eruption. 116 00:10:36,180 --> 00:10:40,360 In the spring of 1980, these nightmares become a reality, 117 00:10:40,980 --> 00:10:45,440 144 kilometers south of Mount Rainier, on Mount St. Helens. 118 00:10:45,440 --> 00:10:51,660 For a couple of months prior to the eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980, 119 00:10:51,940 --> 00:10:53,860 there were some pretty dramatic effects. 120 00:10:55,140 --> 00:10:59,500 When magma is moving and it begins to increase in pressure 121 00:10:59,500 --> 00:11:01,840 because it's forcing its way to the surface, 122 00:11:02,200 --> 00:11:05,680 you're going to get earthquakes, you're going to have steam vents happening, 123 00:11:05,680 --> 00:11:10,960 you're going to have all kinds of indications that something is about to happen. 124 00:11:10,960 --> 00:11:16,480 On the morning of May 18th, with no apparent warning, 125 00:11:16,840 --> 00:11:20,240 a magnitude 5 earthquake strikes Mount St. Helens. 126 00:11:21,060 --> 00:11:25,620 The entire side of Mount St. Helens slid down, 127 00:11:25,980 --> 00:11:29,440 one of the largest landslides in recorded history. 128 00:11:30,100 --> 00:11:36,760 What happened then was all the pressure blasted out sideways instead of straight up. 129 00:11:40,960 --> 00:11:47,840 The landslide sends 2.5 billion cubic meters of debris, 130 00:11:48,220 --> 00:11:52,040 equivalent to the volume of 1 million Olympic swimming pools flowing downwards. 131 00:11:55,560 --> 00:11:59,360 While a stream of ash and rock blows out of the nearly formed crater, 132 00:11:59,860 --> 00:12:03,720 reaching a height of 24 kilometers within 15 minutes. 133 00:12:06,080 --> 00:12:09,260 Underneath it, it must have looked like the end of the world. 134 00:12:09,260 --> 00:12:11,900 The sunlight can't get through at all, 135 00:12:12,020 --> 00:12:14,440 so it goes day to night. 136 00:12:14,580 --> 00:12:15,360 It's unbelievable. 137 00:12:18,560 --> 00:12:20,860 Hundreds of homes were destroyed. 138 00:12:21,840 --> 00:12:27,400 Bridges and roads and miles of railroad infrastructure were just wiped away. 139 00:12:28,460 --> 00:12:29,800 57 people died. 140 00:12:30,320 --> 00:12:33,420 There, of course, was the vast ecological damage. 141 00:12:33,420 --> 00:12:39,700 Wildlife were killed and huge swaths of land were just left barren after. 142 00:12:42,180 --> 00:12:46,020 The activity on Mount St. Helens continues into October, 143 00:12:46,460 --> 00:12:48,900 with five more eruptions rocking the volcano. 144 00:12:48,900 --> 00:12:53,100 But after months of chaos, 145 00:12:53,540 --> 00:12:56,540 life around the mountain finally begins to return to normal. 146 00:12:59,040 --> 00:13:01,060 Until nearly one year later. 147 00:13:01,760 --> 00:13:04,200 On March 17th, 1981, 148 00:13:04,540 --> 00:13:06,880 in the small town of St. Helens, 149 00:13:07,040 --> 00:13:08,840 on the border of Washington and Oregon, 150 00:13:09,360 --> 00:13:10,980 famous for its view of the volcano. 151 00:13:10,980 --> 00:13:16,540 Shortly after 4 a.m., 152 00:13:16,540 --> 00:13:20,580 Sergeant Russell Yocum drives his usual patrol route along Highway 30, 153 00:13:20,820 --> 00:13:22,060 west of the Columbia River. 154 00:13:25,340 --> 00:13:25,900 Suddenly, 155 00:13:26,380 --> 00:13:27,840 a strange light appears, 156 00:13:28,280 --> 00:13:29,920 surrounded by a thick fog. 157 00:13:31,620 --> 00:13:35,000 The light is moving towards the nearby Portland airport. 158 00:13:35,000 --> 00:13:40,940 Sergeant Yocum dismisses the light as a passing plane. 159 00:13:42,360 --> 00:13:46,560 It's very easy to mistake a UFO for something conventional, 160 00:13:46,960 --> 00:13:49,560 especially for a conventional craft, an airplane. 161 00:13:50,500 --> 00:13:52,900 And this is especially so if you're driving in a car. 162 00:13:53,240 --> 00:13:54,980 Just the speed at which you're driving, 163 00:13:55,100 --> 00:13:56,080 looking out your windshield, 164 00:13:56,280 --> 00:13:57,760 and seeing something else moving 165 00:13:57,760 --> 00:14:00,340 will cause all kinds of optical illusions. 166 00:14:02,220 --> 00:14:04,300 The strange light grows brighter, 167 00:14:04,300 --> 00:14:06,860 lighting up the Columbia River like a sunrise. 168 00:14:07,580 --> 00:14:09,680 This is no ordinary aircraft. 169 00:14:11,280 --> 00:14:13,820 Most aircraft wouldn't be a yellow light. 170 00:14:14,160 --> 00:14:16,280 They don't have the intensity and the brightness, 171 00:14:16,460 --> 00:14:18,240 and they don't illuminate things 172 00:14:18,240 --> 00:14:20,240 so we can see detail as well. 173 00:14:20,340 --> 00:14:23,200 But when you have a really bright white light 174 00:14:23,200 --> 00:14:25,200 and you shine it through water vapor, 175 00:14:25,460 --> 00:14:28,040 it actually removes the blue spectrum. 176 00:14:28,040 --> 00:14:31,100 It shifts towards the yellow end of the spectrum 177 00:14:31,100 --> 00:14:34,760 and has more of an appearance of a sunrise-type color 178 00:14:34,760 --> 00:14:37,680 rather than being the original white, intense light. 179 00:14:38,360 --> 00:14:40,660 A lot of attention gets paid to the light 180 00:14:40,660 --> 00:14:42,220 and the light source itself. 181 00:14:42,460 --> 00:14:45,240 But for me, the most interesting part is the fog. 182 00:14:45,240 --> 00:14:48,660 I can't think of many conventional aircrafts 183 00:14:48,660 --> 00:14:50,360 that could produce this kind of fog 184 00:14:50,360 --> 00:14:52,540 that surrounds the aircraft. 185 00:14:56,420 --> 00:14:58,860 Sergeant Yoakam radios police headquarters 186 00:14:58,860 --> 00:15:00,700 before joining two other officers 187 00:15:00,700 --> 00:15:03,080 on the banks of the Columbia River to investigate. 188 00:15:03,080 --> 00:15:08,660 St. Helens PD promptly contacts 189 00:15:08,660 --> 00:15:10,100 Portland International Airport 190 00:15:10,100 --> 00:15:11,820 to report the strange sight. 191 00:15:12,920 --> 00:15:14,860 Staff at the airport confirm 192 00:15:14,860 --> 00:15:17,160 that their radar has detected the object. 193 00:15:18,540 --> 00:15:20,280 Shortly after making the call, 194 00:15:20,660 --> 00:15:23,220 the police officers receive a call back 195 00:15:23,220 --> 00:15:24,480 from the airport. 196 00:15:24,860 --> 00:15:27,200 And they've done the classic confirm 197 00:15:27,200 --> 00:15:29,620 and then quickly deny what they said. 198 00:15:29,700 --> 00:15:31,160 They backtrack and said, in fact, 199 00:15:31,160 --> 00:15:32,920 they didn't see anything on the radar at all. 200 00:15:34,520 --> 00:15:36,480 By the banks of the Columbia River, 201 00:15:36,720 --> 00:15:38,760 the light is shining as brightly as ever. 202 00:15:39,660 --> 00:15:42,140 Then the UFO starts to do something strange 203 00:15:42,140 --> 00:15:44,000 in that it starts making a sound. 204 00:15:46,320 --> 00:15:48,920 And it's odd because that's actually not typical 205 00:15:48,920 --> 00:15:50,120 for UFO sightings. 206 00:15:50,120 --> 00:15:53,820 In my experience, UFOs don't make any sounds at all. 207 00:15:56,040 --> 00:15:59,720 Then, at 4.43 a.m., the light vanishes. 208 00:15:59,720 --> 00:16:03,020 The thick fog that had accompanied it disappears, 209 00:16:03,620 --> 00:16:05,920 leaving behind an eerily blue sky. 210 00:16:07,280 --> 00:16:11,600 This incident takes place over a 45-minute time period, 211 00:16:11,720 --> 00:16:13,900 which is actually a long period of time, 212 00:16:13,980 --> 00:16:14,860 if you think about it. 213 00:16:15,220 --> 00:16:17,200 And it really gives an opportunity 214 00:16:17,200 --> 00:16:19,660 for those involved to take stock 215 00:16:19,660 --> 00:16:20,760 of what they're actually seeing, 216 00:16:20,840 --> 00:16:23,000 getting over the initial shock 217 00:16:23,000 --> 00:16:25,380 and beginning to process what it is 218 00:16:25,380 --> 00:16:26,520 that's in front of them. 219 00:16:26,520 --> 00:16:30,040 The police officers were able to record 220 00:16:30,040 --> 00:16:31,280 the sound of the UFO 221 00:16:31,280 --> 00:16:34,500 and send the recording to sound analysts 222 00:16:34,500 --> 00:16:37,120 hoping for answers, but to no avail. 223 00:16:39,340 --> 00:16:41,820 Nothing on record can seemingly explain 224 00:16:41,820 --> 00:16:43,920 the strange apparition in St. Helens. 225 00:16:46,560 --> 00:16:48,300 But could there be a connection 226 00:16:48,300 --> 00:16:51,380 between the massive volcanic eruption of May 1980 227 00:16:51,380 --> 00:16:54,780 and the appearance of a UFO nearly a year later? 228 00:17:01,180 --> 00:17:04,180 While the eruption of Mount St. Helens makes history 229 00:17:04,180 --> 00:17:06,980 as the most destructive volcano ever recorded 230 00:17:06,980 --> 00:17:08,080 in the United States, 231 00:17:08,760 --> 00:17:11,320 experts fear that an eruption 232 00:17:11,320 --> 00:17:12,840 of the larger Mount Rainier 233 00:17:12,840 --> 00:17:14,280 could be far worse. 234 00:17:14,280 --> 00:17:17,880 When you're dealing with a mountain that size, 235 00:17:18,020 --> 00:17:23,080 it goes off with gigatons of force and ash. 236 00:17:23,940 --> 00:17:27,560 Given where Seattle is in relation to Mount Rainier, 237 00:17:27,860 --> 00:17:30,860 the devastation could be beyond anything 238 00:17:30,860 --> 00:17:33,020 we have ever seen in North America. 239 00:17:34,920 --> 00:17:37,660 One technology instrumental in tracking 240 00:17:37,660 --> 00:17:38,840 the potential timeline 241 00:17:38,840 --> 00:17:40,640 for the next disastrous eruption 242 00:17:40,640 --> 00:17:41,820 is satellites. 243 00:17:41,820 --> 00:17:45,320 The spacecraft that we have, 244 00:17:45,440 --> 00:17:47,160 for example, orbiting Earth 245 00:17:47,160 --> 00:17:49,080 or beyond to look out to space 246 00:17:49,080 --> 00:17:51,440 can also be used to look towards Earth, 247 00:17:51,580 --> 00:17:54,060 capturing things like volcanic eruptions. 248 00:17:54,480 --> 00:17:55,860 And this is incredibly important 249 00:17:55,860 --> 00:17:57,440 because satellite imaging 250 00:17:57,440 --> 00:17:59,340 can give us a unique perspective 251 00:17:59,340 --> 00:18:00,440 on what's happening on Earth. 252 00:18:01,480 --> 00:18:03,000 When it comes to volcanoes, 253 00:18:03,220 --> 00:18:05,340 these satellites are really, really important 254 00:18:05,340 --> 00:18:07,580 because what they allow us to do 255 00:18:07,580 --> 00:18:09,980 is overlay images 256 00:18:09,980 --> 00:18:12,140 of the shape of mountains 257 00:18:12,140 --> 00:18:13,180 day to day 258 00:18:13,180 --> 00:18:13,960 or month to month 259 00:18:13,960 --> 00:18:14,720 or year to year. 260 00:18:15,040 --> 00:18:17,240 And we can start seeing changes 261 00:18:17,240 --> 00:18:19,040 in the shape of the mountain, 262 00:18:19,180 --> 00:18:21,400 whether magma chambers are filling 263 00:18:21,400 --> 00:18:22,820 and domes are forming 264 00:18:22,820 --> 00:18:24,340 within the craters of volcanoes. 265 00:18:24,540 --> 00:18:26,300 And it can give us a lot of data 266 00:18:26,300 --> 00:18:29,540 about how and when volcanoes may erupt. 267 00:18:31,540 --> 00:18:32,540 In 1980, 268 00:18:32,980 --> 00:18:35,540 the 24-kilometer column of ash and debris 269 00:18:35,540 --> 00:18:37,240 erupting from Mount St. Helens 270 00:18:37,240 --> 00:18:39,700 was captured by satellites orbiting the Earth. 271 00:18:40,900 --> 00:18:42,400 And not surprisingly, 272 00:18:42,660 --> 00:18:44,920 it could have been viewed from space, 273 00:18:44,960 --> 00:18:46,640 not just by our technology, 274 00:18:46,860 --> 00:18:50,260 but also potentially by alien technology. 275 00:18:51,000 --> 00:18:52,560 When you look at the images from space, 276 00:18:52,620 --> 00:18:53,800 it actually, frankly, 277 00:18:53,900 --> 00:18:55,580 looks like an atomic bomb blast. 278 00:18:55,700 --> 00:18:57,340 This is the scale of this 279 00:18:57,340 --> 00:18:59,160 and the terrifying nature of it. 280 00:18:59,620 --> 00:19:00,960 Maybe aliens might have thought 281 00:19:00,960 --> 00:19:04,400 this was the first outbreak of a war going on 282 00:19:04,400 --> 00:19:05,680 and they would have wanted to know 283 00:19:05,680 --> 00:19:07,080 exactly what it was. 284 00:19:07,980 --> 00:19:10,960 Anyone in space observing volcanic activity 285 00:19:10,960 --> 00:19:12,900 on Earth would learn a great deal 286 00:19:12,900 --> 00:19:14,180 about the planet's structure. 287 00:19:15,000 --> 00:19:17,220 Humans love to draw lines on things. 288 00:19:17,460 --> 00:19:19,140 And we have all sorts of different countries 289 00:19:19,140 --> 00:19:20,140 with little lines. 290 00:19:20,720 --> 00:19:22,820 But we can also map our planet 291 00:19:22,820 --> 00:19:25,880 through looking at things like geology. 292 00:19:26,340 --> 00:19:28,020 The ring of fire 293 00:19:28,020 --> 00:19:31,060 that runs around the entire Pacific basin 294 00:19:31,060 --> 00:19:33,600 is a great way to map things out. 295 00:19:33,600 --> 00:19:39,120 The ring of fire is a 40,000-kilometer-long stretch 296 00:19:39,120 --> 00:19:40,440 where the Pacific plate 297 00:19:40,440 --> 00:19:42,840 meets the other tectonic plates around it. 298 00:19:43,480 --> 00:19:44,880 So that entire area 299 00:19:44,880 --> 00:19:47,040 is extremely geologically active 300 00:19:47,040 --> 00:19:49,060 and that's where we find 301 00:19:49,060 --> 00:19:51,740 a vast majority of volcanoes on planet Earth. 302 00:19:51,740 --> 00:19:55,220 Could the sightings over the Cascades 303 00:19:55,220 --> 00:19:56,840 be an alien intelligence 304 00:19:56,840 --> 00:19:58,840 monitoring geologic activity 305 00:19:58,840 --> 00:20:00,720 along shifting tectonic plates 306 00:20:00,720 --> 00:20:01,640 to map our world? 307 00:20:01,640 --> 00:20:08,520 The ring of fire runs along the perimeter 308 00:20:08,520 --> 00:20:10,960 of the largest body of water in the world, 309 00:20:11,420 --> 00:20:12,440 the Pacific Ocean. 310 00:20:12,440 --> 00:20:16,200 Washington's Pacific coastline 311 00:20:16,200 --> 00:20:19,120 is another of the state's most iconic landscapes 312 00:20:19,120 --> 00:20:22,920 and another hotbed of unexplained activity. 313 00:20:23,760 --> 00:20:26,400 There's a long history in UFO lore 314 00:20:26,400 --> 00:20:29,600 of UFO interest in bodies of water 315 00:20:29,600 --> 00:20:31,580 and particularly large bodies of water. 316 00:20:31,800 --> 00:20:34,680 And so there's lots of sightings along coastlines. 317 00:20:34,680 --> 00:20:37,240 It does raise questions 318 00:20:37,240 --> 00:20:42,220 as to whether UFOs are attracted to the water 319 00:20:42,220 --> 00:20:45,920 or are they even emanating out of the water? 320 00:20:46,060 --> 00:20:49,220 Are they coming from underwater bases somewhere? 321 00:20:50,260 --> 00:20:53,380 A really common form of UFO reported 322 00:20:53,380 --> 00:20:55,300 along coastlines is that of the orb. 323 00:20:55,620 --> 00:20:58,640 And they're described as spherical often 324 00:20:58,640 --> 00:21:00,580 and particular colours as well. 325 00:21:00,660 --> 00:21:02,620 The really common colours are just white, 326 00:21:02,840 --> 00:21:03,800 yellow or orange. 327 00:21:03,800 --> 00:21:06,180 There's a lot of optical illusions 328 00:21:06,180 --> 00:21:08,060 that happen on the horizon 329 00:21:08,060 --> 00:21:10,180 or across bodies of water. 330 00:21:10,320 --> 00:21:11,260 So that could be one reason 331 00:21:11,260 --> 00:21:12,920 why you're seeing more there. 332 00:21:13,520 --> 00:21:14,460 At the same time, 333 00:21:14,500 --> 00:21:15,420 when the stories start talking 334 00:21:15,420 --> 00:21:16,540 about underwater bases 335 00:21:16,540 --> 00:21:18,440 or other things happening with it, 336 00:21:18,860 --> 00:21:19,860 it is a bit unknown. 337 00:21:20,000 --> 00:21:21,460 We haven't explored it all. 338 00:21:22,440 --> 00:21:24,920 The Pacific Ocean is twice the size, 339 00:21:25,040 --> 00:21:27,560 twice the volume of the Atlantic. 340 00:21:27,880 --> 00:21:30,240 And it really is an uncharted, 341 00:21:30,660 --> 00:21:33,500 underexplored mass of water, 342 00:21:33,500 --> 00:21:37,760 with trenches and mountains on the seabed. 343 00:21:37,760 --> 00:21:41,060 a huge amount of things still yet to discover. 344 00:21:41,060 --> 00:21:53,380 The unexplained lights 345 00:21:53,380 --> 00:21:55,940 seen flitting along the Washington coastline 346 00:21:55,940 --> 00:21:59,120 have baffled locals and scientists for decades. 347 00:21:59,580 --> 00:22:01,860 And several kilometres inland, 348 00:22:02,340 --> 00:22:04,760 even stranger phenomena materialise 349 00:22:04,760 --> 00:22:07,340 when residents of the small town of Oakville 350 00:22:07,340 --> 00:22:09,460 endure a surreal experience 351 00:22:09,460 --> 00:22:11,560 during the summer of 1994. 352 00:22:14,440 --> 00:22:17,840 So we can imagine a very typical rainy, 353 00:22:18,100 --> 00:22:20,320 overcast Pacific Northwest day, 354 00:22:20,720 --> 00:22:22,660 but there were multiple witnesses 355 00:22:22,660 --> 00:22:25,080 who described the rain quite differently. 356 00:22:26,180 --> 00:22:28,340 Initially, people were not quite able 357 00:22:28,340 --> 00:22:31,260 to make out what is odd about it 358 00:22:31,260 --> 00:22:35,380 until a police officer operating his windscreen wipers 359 00:22:35,520 --> 00:22:38,000 notices that it's like Jell-O. 360 00:22:38,360 --> 00:22:41,660 I mean, it's the most bizarre gelatinous substance. 361 00:22:42,020 --> 00:22:44,700 This is not regular rainfall. 362 00:22:45,520 --> 00:22:46,900 Shortly after this, 363 00:22:47,060 --> 00:22:48,180 people start to feel sick 364 00:22:48,180 --> 00:22:50,280 with really unexplained symptoms. 365 00:22:50,520 --> 00:22:52,000 And so there's a lot of suspicion 366 00:22:52,000 --> 00:22:52,980 about what's going on here. 367 00:22:52,980 --> 00:22:56,180 Five more strange gelatinous showers 368 00:22:56,180 --> 00:22:57,200 follow the first. 369 00:22:57,740 --> 00:22:59,940 Rumours start to spread very quickly. 370 00:23:00,200 --> 00:23:02,680 And one of the more extreme theories 371 00:23:02,680 --> 00:23:03,800 or claims about this 372 00:23:03,800 --> 00:23:05,620 was that the gelatinous mass falling 373 00:23:05,620 --> 00:23:07,380 actually contained white blood cells. 374 00:23:09,660 --> 00:23:10,680 Suspecting the link 375 00:23:10,680 --> 00:23:12,280 between the mysterious rains 376 00:23:12,280 --> 00:23:13,860 and the rash of sudden illness, 377 00:23:14,360 --> 00:23:16,460 one local resident collects a sample. 378 00:23:17,980 --> 00:23:19,420 Analysis of the sample 379 00:23:19,420 --> 00:23:21,300 disproves the white blood cell theory. 380 00:23:21,300 --> 00:23:24,660 But scientists from the hazardous material unit 381 00:23:24,660 --> 00:23:26,720 at the State Department of Ecology 382 00:23:26,720 --> 00:23:29,600 are nevertheless confounded by the results. 383 00:23:30,680 --> 00:23:33,260 Tests showed up cells of different sizes 384 00:23:33,260 --> 00:23:38,180 and two previously unidentified forms of bacteria. 385 00:23:38,440 --> 00:23:40,540 But really, experts struggled 386 00:23:40,540 --> 00:23:41,980 to try and understand 387 00:23:41,980 --> 00:23:44,080 what the hell this substance was. 388 00:23:45,920 --> 00:23:47,880 Without a clear explanation 389 00:23:47,880 --> 00:23:49,660 for the odd showers over Oakville, 390 00:23:49,660 --> 00:23:52,060 several theories begin to emerge, 391 00:23:52,460 --> 00:23:54,380 each one stranger than the next. 392 00:23:55,160 --> 00:23:57,200 Was it industrial waste? 393 00:23:57,320 --> 00:23:59,340 Is the government experiment gone wrong? 394 00:23:59,720 --> 00:24:00,560 And then, of course, 395 00:24:00,680 --> 00:24:02,820 is it something from another world? 396 00:24:05,020 --> 00:24:07,580 Some think that the blobs were fluid waste 397 00:24:07,580 --> 00:24:09,080 from a passing airplane toilet. 398 00:24:09,080 --> 00:24:11,840 But this theory was quickly disproved. 399 00:24:11,840 --> 00:24:15,600 Another small but vocal group 400 00:24:15,600 --> 00:24:18,420 believes that these are actually parts of jellyfish 401 00:24:18,420 --> 00:24:20,180 dispersed into rain clouds 402 00:24:20,180 --> 00:24:23,100 after bomb tests by the military over the Pacific. 403 00:24:26,820 --> 00:24:28,060 Others speculate 404 00:24:28,060 --> 00:24:30,080 that it's a mysterious star jelly 405 00:24:30,080 --> 00:24:32,780 reported as far back as the 14th century, 406 00:24:33,340 --> 00:24:34,500 thought to have rained down 407 00:24:34,500 --> 00:24:35,920 from passing meteor showers. 408 00:24:35,920 --> 00:24:40,640 As far as we have ever found, 409 00:24:40,940 --> 00:24:42,960 that is not a thing. 410 00:24:43,580 --> 00:24:49,140 We do not see any sort of gelatinous anything on meteors, 411 00:24:49,220 --> 00:24:51,660 especially after they've entered our atmosphere, 412 00:24:51,660 --> 00:24:55,120 because they are entering at ludicrous speeds, 413 00:24:55,120 --> 00:24:58,560 and anything organic on the surface 414 00:24:58,560 --> 00:25:02,240 is going to be vaporized fairly quickly. 415 00:25:03,580 --> 00:25:06,400 The Oakville blobs remain an enduring mystery, 416 00:25:06,900 --> 00:25:07,980 leading some to wonder 417 00:25:07,980 --> 00:25:09,800 whether this mysterious shower 418 00:25:09,800 --> 00:25:11,860 is connected to the UFO sightings 419 00:25:11,860 --> 00:25:13,200 along the nearby coast. 420 00:25:15,100 --> 00:25:17,020 Certainly, there are going to be people 421 00:25:17,020 --> 00:25:19,860 who suggest that it's of extraterrestrial origin, 422 00:25:19,860 --> 00:25:22,120 but we don't have any evidence 423 00:25:22,120 --> 00:25:24,660 of past events happening that are similar 424 00:25:24,660 --> 00:25:25,560 where we could say 425 00:25:25,560 --> 00:25:26,620 this would be an example 426 00:25:26,620 --> 00:25:28,360 of what could reproduce this phenomena. 427 00:25:29,140 --> 00:25:30,160 You know, the sad bit 428 00:25:30,160 --> 00:25:31,760 is that the samples weren't kept. 429 00:25:31,960 --> 00:25:34,060 And we've got better techniques to analyze it now. 430 00:25:34,340 --> 00:25:36,220 And I think that's something that is changing, 431 00:25:36,340 --> 00:25:38,100 that we're making sure that we keep things 432 00:25:38,100 --> 00:25:40,020 because we know that we're going to get better 433 00:25:40,020 --> 00:25:41,280 at looking into things 434 00:25:41,280 --> 00:25:43,360 and figure out what's happening. 435 00:25:47,500 --> 00:25:49,080 As unanswered questions 436 00:25:49,080 --> 00:25:51,660 continue to plague Washington's coastal areas, 437 00:25:52,220 --> 00:25:53,620 still more sightings occur 438 00:25:53,620 --> 00:25:55,780 along the shores of the state's Pacific Inlet, 439 00:25:56,300 --> 00:25:56,960 Puget Sound. 440 00:26:00,200 --> 00:26:03,280 Puget Sound is a vast, complex system 441 00:26:03,280 --> 00:26:05,200 of estuaries with a shoreline 442 00:26:05,200 --> 00:26:07,980 spanning well over 160 kilometers. 443 00:26:09,680 --> 00:26:13,300 The waters run more than 270 meters deep, 444 00:26:13,640 --> 00:26:16,880 and powerful storms regularly roll across the water 445 00:26:16,880 --> 00:26:19,920 to batter the state's largest city, Seattle. 446 00:26:21,980 --> 00:26:24,560 When you look further into the reports, 447 00:26:24,660 --> 00:26:26,100 you'll actually notice that 448 00:26:26,100 --> 00:26:28,460 it's like a hub of activity in Seattle. 449 00:26:28,800 --> 00:26:31,040 There seems to be the most sightings there. 450 00:26:31,420 --> 00:26:33,280 Now, of course, the obvious explanation 451 00:26:33,280 --> 00:26:35,000 is more people live there, 452 00:26:35,080 --> 00:26:36,720 but there is also that element 453 00:26:36,720 --> 00:26:38,460 of the water at Puget Sound. 454 00:26:38,620 --> 00:26:41,460 Could it be that UFOs are attracted there 455 00:26:41,460 --> 00:26:43,800 in the same way that they are attracted 456 00:26:43,800 --> 00:26:44,860 over the Pacific? 457 00:26:46,000 --> 00:26:48,340 The description of the sightings in Seattle 458 00:26:48,340 --> 00:26:51,540 is similar to those described along the coast. 459 00:26:52,080 --> 00:26:54,900 Often, they're described as these shining 460 00:26:54,900 --> 00:26:56,840 or flashing orbs in the sky, 461 00:26:57,300 --> 00:26:59,140 sometimes flying in formation. 462 00:26:59,140 --> 00:27:02,580 It's always striking when there's a conformity 463 00:27:02,580 --> 00:27:04,160 to the sightings. 464 00:27:04,320 --> 00:27:06,040 It tends to lend some more credence 465 00:27:06,040 --> 00:27:07,520 that something's going on here, 466 00:27:07,660 --> 00:27:08,340 or at the very least, 467 00:27:08,400 --> 00:27:11,000 people seem to be seeing much the same thing. 468 00:27:13,080 --> 00:27:15,040 Puget Sound is also home 469 00:27:15,040 --> 00:27:17,500 to some of the most important military bases 470 00:27:17,500 --> 00:27:18,780 in the United States. 471 00:27:18,780 --> 00:27:22,480 There is a kind of contradictory 472 00:27:22,480 --> 00:27:24,040 and tense relationship 473 00:27:24,040 --> 00:27:27,000 between the UFO community 474 00:27:27,000 --> 00:27:28,360 and the military. 475 00:27:28,940 --> 00:27:30,700 On occasion, the military 476 00:27:30,700 --> 00:27:32,960 might actually deem to validate 477 00:27:32,960 --> 00:27:34,320 some of the claims 478 00:27:34,320 --> 00:27:36,220 coming from the UFO community, 479 00:27:36,500 --> 00:27:37,780 but more often than not, 480 00:27:37,860 --> 00:27:38,900 they shut down, 481 00:27:39,400 --> 00:27:40,900 everything's top secret, 482 00:27:41,360 --> 00:27:43,860 they stymie any investigations. 483 00:27:44,240 --> 00:27:45,180 Although, of course, 484 00:27:46,020 --> 00:27:47,520 that in turn fuels 485 00:27:47,520 --> 00:27:48,820 even more speculation. 486 00:27:49,380 --> 00:27:50,260 They can be secretive, 487 00:27:50,320 --> 00:27:51,580 but there's usually a very good reason. 488 00:27:51,860 --> 00:27:53,600 The military does things, 489 00:27:53,740 --> 00:27:54,480 knows things, 490 00:27:54,640 --> 00:27:55,420 has things, 491 00:27:55,480 --> 00:27:56,800 that the population does not. 492 00:27:57,160 --> 00:27:58,460 They may have technology 493 00:27:58,460 --> 00:27:59,420 that they don't want 494 00:27:59,420 --> 00:28:00,980 the quote-unquote bad guys 495 00:28:00,980 --> 00:28:02,060 to get their hands on. 496 00:28:02,920 --> 00:28:04,900 If we look at the concentration 497 00:28:04,900 --> 00:28:07,200 of UFO sightings 498 00:28:07,200 --> 00:28:08,420 in Washington state, 499 00:28:08,960 --> 00:28:10,700 then map against that 500 00:28:10,700 --> 00:28:13,560 the location of military installations, 501 00:28:13,900 --> 00:28:15,780 it's uncannily similar. 502 00:28:16,040 --> 00:28:16,940 I mean, the two things 503 00:28:16,940 --> 00:28:18,820 sit on top of each other, 504 00:28:19,000 --> 00:28:20,940 which raises the whole question 505 00:28:20,940 --> 00:28:22,840 about alien interest 506 00:28:22,840 --> 00:28:24,900 in human military activity. 507 00:28:26,160 --> 00:28:28,060 After Kenneth Arnold's sighting 508 00:28:28,060 --> 00:28:28,980 in 1947, 509 00:28:29,680 --> 00:28:31,200 many turned to the military 510 00:28:31,200 --> 00:28:32,200 for an explanation. 511 00:28:32,740 --> 00:28:34,200 Over many decades, 512 00:28:34,360 --> 00:28:35,760 the U.S. has experimented 513 00:28:35,760 --> 00:28:37,180 with a lot of different types 514 00:28:37,180 --> 00:28:37,660 of aircraft, 515 00:28:37,940 --> 00:28:39,280 and one of the interesting ones 516 00:28:39,280 --> 00:28:40,320 is the flying pancake. 517 00:28:40,320 --> 00:28:47,320 one-man experimental aircraft, 518 00:28:47,320 --> 00:28:51,740 the Vought V-173 Flying Pancake. 519 00:28:51,740 --> 00:28:55,700 And this really is a flying wing. 520 00:28:56,240 --> 00:28:57,660 And one of the interesting things 521 00:28:57,660 --> 00:28:58,480 about flying wings 522 00:28:58,480 --> 00:29:00,340 is they have a huge surface area. 523 00:29:00,840 --> 00:29:01,760 And that means 524 00:29:01,760 --> 00:29:03,280 that they can actually fly 525 00:29:03,280 --> 00:29:04,440 really, really slow. 526 00:29:04,620 --> 00:29:06,320 They almost have the ability 527 00:29:06,320 --> 00:29:06,900 to hover, 528 00:29:07,180 --> 00:29:08,760 so these aircraft 529 00:29:08,760 --> 00:29:09,860 could potentially be 530 00:29:09,860 --> 00:29:12,000 misinterpreted as being UFOs. 531 00:29:12,500 --> 00:29:13,420 To a civilian, 532 00:29:13,540 --> 00:29:15,680 this is just literally outer space. 533 00:29:15,840 --> 00:29:16,580 They would say, 534 00:29:16,680 --> 00:29:17,580 hey, that's not normal. 535 00:29:17,680 --> 00:29:18,240 That's something 536 00:29:18,240 --> 00:29:19,540 that I've never seen before. 537 00:29:19,680 --> 00:29:20,520 It's bound to happen. 538 00:29:21,960 --> 00:29:23,540 The Flying Pancake's 539 00:29:23,540 --> 00:29:24,500 top speed, however, 540 00:29:24,820 --> 00:29:27,720 is only 222 kilometers per hour, 541 00:29:28,680 --> 00:29:29,700 around one-tenth 542 00:29:29,700 --> 00:29:31,060 of the speed of the objects 543 00:29:31,060 --> 00:29:32,140 Kenneth Arnold claims 544 00:29:32,140 --> 00:29:32,760 to have seen. 545 00:29:35,120 --> 00:29:36,860 The Vought Flying Pancake 546 00:29:36,860 --> 00:29:38,520 retires in 1947, 547 00:29:39,420 --> 00:29:40,680 leaving little explanation 548 00:29:40,680 --> 00:29:41,920 for the constant stream 549 00:29:41,920 --> 00:29:42,460 of reports 550 00:29:42,460 --> 00:29:43,680 in the following decades. 551 00:29:45,480 --> 00:29:46,960 But could this plane 552 00:29:46,960 --> 00:29:47,800 be responsible 553 00:29:47,800 --> 00:29:48,800 for the notorious 554 00:29:48,800 --> 00:29:50,040 Puget Sound sighting 555 00:29:50,040 --> 00:29:51,340 of June 1947 556 00:29:51,340 --> 00:29:52,860 that would lead 557 00:29:52,860 --> 00:29:53,780 to one of the most 558 00:29:53,780 --> 00:29:55,080 influential mysteries 559 00:29:55,080 --> 00:29:55,900 in the history 560 00:29:55,900 --> 00:29:57,820 of unidentified aerial phenomena? 561 00:29:59,280 --> 00:30:00,600 And this is the story 562 00:30:00,600 --> 00:30:01,420 of Harold Dahl, 563 00:30:01,600 --> 00:30:02,580 who's out on the water 564 00:30:02,580 --> 00:30:03,500 one day in a boat 565 00:30:03,500 --> 00:30:04,840 with his son and his dog. 566 00:30:05,360 --> 00:30:06,560 Now, they claim 567 00:30:06,560 --> 00:30:09,340 to see six UFOs, 568 00:30:09,580 --> 00:30:11,740 donut-shaped craft, 569 00:30:12,220 --> 00:30:13,100 hovering above them 570 00:30:13,100 --> 00:30:14,960 that then rain down 571 00:30:14,960 --> 00:30:15,900 an enormous amount 572 00:30:15,900 --> 00:30:16,900 of what could best 573 00:30:16,900 --> 00:30:17,480 be described 574 00:30:17,480 --> 00:30:18,560 as scrap metal 575 00:30:18,560 --> 00:30:20,080 out of the skies. 576 00:30:20,740 --> 00:30:21,180 This is something 577 00:30:21,180 --> 00:30:21,760 very strange. 578 00:30:21,840 --> 00:30:22,300 It doesn't happen 579 00:30:22,300 --> 00:30:22,820 very often, 580 00:30:22,960 --> 00:30:24,080 even in UFO stories. 581 00:30:24,300 --> 00:30:25,680 And this is actually 582 00:30:25,680 --> 00:30:26,560 cause for concern 583 00:30:26,560 --> 00:30:27,220 and some danger 584 00:30:27,220 --> 00:30:28,600 because he claims 585 00:30:28,600 --> 00:30:30,220 that one of these pieces 586 00:30:30,220 --> 00:30:31,900 of metallic material 587 00:30:31,900 --> 00:30:32,720 actually strikes 588 00:30:32,720 --> 00:30:33,700 and kills his dog 589 00:30:33,700 --> 00:30:34,320 right in the boat. 590 00:30:36,440 --> 00:30:37,800 Dahl then explains 591 00:30:37,800 --> 00:30:38,740 that when he brought 592 00:30:38,740 --> 00:30:39,500 his supervisor, 593 00:30:39,860 --> 00:30:40,560 Fred Chrisman, 594 00:30:40,860 --> 00:30:42,120 back to the same spot, 595 00:30:42,520 --> 00:30:43,240 one of the craft 596 00:30:43,240 --> 00:30:43,940 reappeared. 597 00:30:44,560 --> 00:30:45,680 A story borne out 598 00:30:45,680 --> 00:30:46,820 by Chrisman himself. 599 00:30:48,820 --> 00:30:50,380 Following the incident 600 00:30:50,380 --> 00:30:50,960 itself, 601 00:30:51,240 --> 00:30:52,740 it gets in some ways 602 00:30:52,740 --> 00:30:53,460 even stranger. 603 00:30:54,340 --> 00:30:55,520 Dahl and Chrisman 604 00:30:55,520 --> 00:30:56,520 are later visited 605 00:30:56,520 --> 00:30:58,660 by a man in black 606 00:30:58,660 --> 00:30:59,740 who warned them off 607 00:30:59,740 --> 00:31:00,360 of the whole matter 608 00:31:00,360 --> 00:31:00,860 altogether. 609 00:31:01,860 --> 00:31:03,620 The Maury Island incident 610 00:31:03,620 --> 00:31:05,020 really kickstarts 611 00:31:05,020 --> 00:31:06,660 the men in black phenomenon 612 00:31:06,660 --> 00:31:08,500 and it is one of the 613 00:31:08,500 --> 00:31:09,920 most iconic aspects 614 00:31:09,920 --> 00:31:11,060 of UFO history. 615 00:31:11,600 --> 00:31:12,460 Even if there is 616 00:31:12,460 --> 00:31:13,460 very little evidence 617 00:31:13,460 --> 00:31:14,440 for their existence, 618 00:31:14,700 --> 00:31:15,440 it nevertheless has 619 00:31:15,440 --> 00:31:16,360 exploded in 620 00:31:16,360 --> 00:31:17,780 the popular imagination. 621 00:31:21,380 --> 00:31:23,000 After two Air Force 622 00:31:23,000 --> 00:31:24,420 officers investigating 623 00:31:24,420 --> 00:31:25,140 the sighting 624 00:31:25,140 --> 00:31:26,360 are killed in a seemingly 625 00:31:26,360 --> 00:31:27,980 coincidental plane crash, 626 00:31:28,340 --> 00:31:29,420 the FBI opens 627 00:31:29,420 --> 00:31:30,440 its own inquiry 628 00:31:30,440 --> 00:31:31,820 into Dahl and Chrisman's 629 00:31:31,820 --> 00:31:32,200 claims. 630 00:31:33,480 --> 00:31:34,640 And now, 631 00:31:34,640 --> 00:31:35,540 Harold Dahl 632 00:31:35,540 --> 00:31:36,440 does the most 633 00:31:36,440 --> 00:31:38,160 extraordinary thing. 634 00:31:38,280 --> 00:31:39,280 He takes back 635 00:31:39,280 --> 00:31:39,820 everything. 636 00:31:40,540 --> 00:31:40,900 He says, 637 00:31:40,980 --> 00:31:41,300 guys, 638 00:31:41,520 --> 00:31:42,800 this was a hoax. 639 00:31:42,980 --> 00:31:44,720 I made the whole 640 00:31:44,720 --> 00:31:45,500 thing up. 641 00:31:45,660 --> 00:31:47,120 Forget I ever said 642 00:31:47,120 --> 00:31:48,240 any of it. 643 00:31:48,820 --> 00:31:49,400 But of course, 644 00:31:49,480 --> 00:31:50,880 some people had theories 645 00:31:50,880 --> 00:31:52,480 to denounce this, 646 00:31:52,560 --> 00:31:53,400 saying that he was 647 00:31:53,400 --> 00:31:54,240 forced to say 648 00:31:54,240 --> 00:31:54,820 it was a hoax. 649 00:31:54,920 --> 00:31:55,700 Maybe he feared 650 00:31:55,700 --> 00:31:56,520 for his life. 651 00:31:57,000 --> 00:31:57,620 It's hard to 652 00:31:57,620 --> 00:31:58,900 underestimate the impact 653 00:31:58,900 --> 00:32:00,460 of the idea 654 00:32:00,460 --> 00:32:02,420 of unidentified, 655 00:32:03,020 --> 00:32:03,860 very serious 656 00:32:03,860 --> 00:32:04,440 men in black 657 00:32:04,440 --> 00:32:05,560 knocking on your door, 658 00:32:05,820 --> 00:32:06,580 warning you to 659 00:32:06,580 --> 00:32:07,880 keep your mouth shut 660 00:32:07,880 --> 00:32:09,080 and not make any waves. 661 00:32:11,080 --> 00:32:12,200 The FBI 662 00:32:12,200 --> 00:32:13,520 eventually accepts 663 00:32:13,520 --> 00:32:14,400 Dahl's confession 664 00:32:14,400 --> 00:32:15,060 of a hoax, 665 00:32:15,460 --> 00:32:16,680 but doubt continues 666 00:32:16,680 --> 00:32:17,540 to this day, 667 00:32:18,020 --> 00:32:19,580 particularly in light 668 00:32:19,580 --> 00:32:20,660 of the many sightings 669 00:32:20,660 --> 00:32:21,280 that have occurred 670 00:32:21,280 --> 00:32:21,740 since. 671 00:32:21,740 --> 00:32:30,140 The search for answers 672 00:32:30,140 --> 00:32:31,320 about UFOs 673 00:32:31,320 --> 00:32:32,280 has led to even 674 00:32:32,280 --> 00:32:33,300 greater scrutiny 675 00:32:33,300 --> 00:32:34,660 towards Washington's 676 00:32:34,660 --> 00:32:35,520 military bases, 677 00:32:35,980 --> 00:32:37,280 not least to those 678 00:32:37,280 --> 00:32:38,720 housing nuclear technology. 679 00:32:39,720 --> 00:32:41,420 As with military bases, 680 00:32:42,120 --> 00:32:43,400 radioactivity seems 681 00:32:43,400 --> 00:32:43,980 to correlate 682 00:32:43,980 --> 00:32:45,220 with increased reports 683 00:32:45,220 --> 00:32:46,380 of unknown objects 684 00:32:46,380 --> 00:32:47,060 in the sky 685 00:32:47,060 --> 00:32:48,020 around sites 686 00:32:48,020 --> 00:32:49,260 with a nuclear presence. 687 00:32:49,260 --> 00:32:52,520 There have been claims 688 00:32:52,520 --> 00:32:53,660 that there was 689 00:32:53,660 --> 00:32:54,580 a UFO 690 00:32:54,580 --> 00:32:55,960 or alien presence 691 00:32:55,960 --> 00:32:57,540 at the Chernobyl 692 00:32:57,540 --> 00:32:58,240 disaster 693 00:32:58,240 --> 00:32:59,520 in the 1980s 694 00:32:59,520 --> 00:33:00,140 and also 695 00:33:00,140 --> 00:33:01,540 the Fukushima 696 00:33:01,540 --> 00:33:02,740 power plant 697 00:33:02,740 --> 00:33:03,360 disaster 698 00:33:03,360 --> 00:33:04,660 in Japan. 699 00:33:05,220 --> 00:33:06,540 If UFOs 700 00:33:06,540 --> 00:33:07,100 are interested 701 00:33:07,100 --> 00:33:08,280 in energy sources, 702 00:33:08,700 --> 00:33:09,220 this is one 703 00:33:09,220 --> 00:33:09,840 of the things 704 00:33:09,840 --> 00:33:10,620 that they might 705 00:33:10,620 --> 00:33:11,460 be interested in 706 00:33:11,460 --> 00:33:12,460 as a huge display 707 00:33:12,460 --> 00:33:13,060 of power. 708 00:33:13,840 --> 00:33:14,720 Nuclear energy 709 00:33:14,720 --> 00:33:15,820 is really an amazing 710 00:33:15,820 --> 00:33:16,500 thing because it 711 00:33:16,500 --> 00:33:17,540 can produce a lot 712 00:33:17,540 --> 00:33:18,000 of energy 713 00:33:18,000 --> 00:33:18,820 out of a very 714 00:33:18,820 --> 00:33:19,680 small area. 715 00:33:20,400 --> 00:33:21,600 For every kilogram 716 00:33:21,600 --> 00:33:23,000 of uranium, 717 00:33:23,500 --> 00:33:24,640 I get a million 718 00:33:24,640 --> 00:33:25,720 times the same 719 00:33:25,720 --> 00:33:26,680 amount of energy 720 00:33:26,680 --> 00:33:28,040 I can get out 721 00:33:28,040 --> 00:33:29,260 of fossil fuels. 722 00:33:31,200 --> 00:33:32,480 UFO sightings 723 00:33:32,480 --> 00:33:33,280 have been reported 724 00:33:33,280 --> 00:33:34,400 at nuclear bases 725 00:33:34,400 --> 00:33:36,040 across the United States, 726 00:33:36,400 --> 00:33:37,600 like Puget Sound's 727 00:33:37,600 --> 00:33:38,700 naval base Kitsap, 728 00:33:39,080 --> 00:33:40,060 the third largest 729 00:33:40,060 --> 00:33:41,200 in the United States, 730 00:33:41,560 --> 00:33:42,480 and an infamous 731 00:33:42,480 --> 00:33:43,660 UFO hotspot. 732 00:33:43,660 --> 00:33:46,900 In 1978, 733 00:33:47,400 --> 00:33:48,760 an 1800-liter 734 00:33:48,760 --> 00:33:49,460 radioactive 735 00:33:49,460 --> 00:33:50,340 coolants bill 736 00:33:50,340 --> 00:33:51,700 is just the latest 737 00:33:51,700 --> 00:33:52,480 in a series 738 00:33:52,480 --> 00:33:53,220 of accidents 739 00:33:53,220 --> 00:33:54,020 at the site. 740 00:33:54,620 --> 00:33:55,940 The naval base's 741 00:33:55,940 --> 00:33:56,600 infrastructure 742 00:33:56,600 --> 00:33:58,060 is highly specialized, 743 00:33:58,720 --> 00:33:59,320 which has led 744 00:33:59,320 --> 00:33:59,900 some people 745 00:33:59,900 --> 00:34:00,800 to speculate 746 00:34:00,800 --> 00:34:01,840 that maybe 747 00:34:01,840 --> 00:34:02,860 this was the reason 748 00:34:02,860 --> 00:34:04,800 for some UFO interest. 749 00:34:05,620 --> 00:34:06,460 It's home 750 00:34:06,460 --> 00:34:06,900 to both 751 00:34:06,900 --> 00:34:07,820 a nuclear weapons 752 00:34:07,820 --> 00:34:08,340 facility 753 00:34:08,340 --> 00:34:09,480 and a shipyard 754 00:34:09,480 --> 00:34:10,920 offering support services 755 00:34:10,920 --> 00:34:12,160 to the U.S.'s fleet 756 00:34:12,160 --> 00:34:13,620 of nuclear-powered vessels. 757 00:34:16,820 --> 00:34:17,920 The concrete 758 00:34:17,920 --> 00:34:18,540 in the area 759 00:34:18,540 --> 00:34:19,140 of the spill 760 00:34:19,140 --> 00:34:19,900 registers 761 00:34:19,900 --> 00:34:21,360 high radiation levels. 762 00:34:22,620 --> 00:34:24,000 It is broken up, 763 00:34:24,420 --> 00:34:25,580 packed into steel drums, 764 00:34:25,960 --> 00:34:26,800 and sent to one 765 00:34:26,800 --> 00:34:27,800 of the most dangerous 766 00:34:27,800 --> 00:34:28,860 places in America. 767 00:34:30,660 --> 00:34:32,080 The Hanford site 768 00:34:32,080 --> 00:34:33,680 looks from the air 769 00:34:33,680 --> 00:34:34,600 like an industrial 770 00:34:34,600 --> 00:34:36,120 installation, 771 00:34:36,460 --> 00:34:38,000 but it's what surrounds it 772 00:34:38,000 --> 00:34:39,240 that's particularly striking. 773 00:34:39,240 --> 00:34:40,440 It is a really 774 00:34:40,440 --> 00:34:41,720 suspiciously 775 00:34:41,720 --> 00:34:43,080 desolate landscape. 776 00:34:44,040 --> 00:34:44,840 This is somewhere 777 00:34:44,840 --> 00:34:45,360 that is 778 00:34:45,360 --> 00:34:46,520 incredibly 779 00:34:46,520 --> 00:34:47,660 eerie. 780 00:34:47,980 --> 00:34:48,120 I mean, 781 00:34:48,180 --> 00:34:49,080 one can't help 782 00:34:49,080 --> 00:34:49,960 feeling that 783 00:34:49,960 --> 00:34:51,740 it's not a place 784 00:34:51,740 --> 00:34:52,080 that you want 785 00:34:52,080 --> 00:34:53,060 to stick around in. 786 00:34:54,700 --> 00:34:56,060 The Hanford site 787 00:34:56,060 --> 00:34:57,060 was once home 788 00:34:57,060 --> 00:34:57,740 to the largest 789 00:34:57,740 --> 00:34:58,780 nuclear reactors 790 00:34:58,780 --> 00:34:59,620 in the world. 791 00:35:01,280 --> 00:35:02,000 Deserted 792 00:35:02,000 --> 00:35:02,680 since the late 793 00:35:02,680 --> 00:35:03,520 1980s, 794 00:35:03,840 --> 00:35:05,780 the 1,600-square-kilometer 795 00:35:05,780 --> 00:35:06,240 site 796 00:35:06,240 --> 00:35:07,080 is notorious 797 00:35:07,080 --> 00:35:08,060 amongst locals 798 00:35:08,060 --> 00:35:09,340 for its mysterious 799 00:35:09,340 --> 00:35:10,160 apparitions 800 00:35:10,160 --> 00:35:11,140 and for its 801 00:35:11,140 --> 00:35:12,480 unidentified aerial 802 00:35:12,480 --> 00:35:13,060 activity. 803 00:35:14,720 --> 00:35:15,360 The sightings 804 00:35:15,360 --> 00:35:16,440 on the coast 805 00:35:16,440 --> 00:35:17,740 are very uniform 806 00:35:17,740 --> 00:35:18,220 in nature. 807 00:35:18,420 --> 00:35:18,840 There's a great 808 00:35:18,840 --> 00:35:19,980 conformity to them. 809 00:35:20,260 --> 00:35:20,860 People are generally 810 00:35:20,860 --> 00:35:22,000 seeing the same thing. 811 00:35:22,540 --> 00:35:23,640 It's quite the opposite 812 00:35:23,640 --> 00:35:24,880 at the Hanford site. 813 00:35:25,100 --> 00:35:26,520 There's a great variety 814 00:35:26,520 --> 00:35:27,900 of different types 815 00:35:27,900 --> 00:35:28,520 of sightings 816 00:35:28,520 --> 00:35:29,320 and different shapes 817 00:35:29,320 --> 00:35:29,900 and colors 818 00:35:29,900 --> 00:35:30,760 and movements 819 00:35:30,760 --> 00:35:31,640 of the UFOs 820 00:35:31,640 --> 00:35:32,340 reported there. 821 00:35:33,680 --> 00:35:35,220 In 2001, 822 00:35:35,220 --> 00:35:36,600 a silver sphere 823 00:35:36,600 --> 00:35:37,320 shoots above 824 00:35:37,320 --> 00:35:37,820 the site 825 00:35:37,820 --> 00:35:38,760 in broad daylight. 826 00:35:40,180 --> 00:35:40,840 Months later, 827 00:35:41,200 --> 00:35:42,400 fireballs are spotted 828 00:35:42,400 --> 00:35:43,360 falling towards 829 00:35:43,360 --> 00:35:44,200 the old buildings. 830 00:35:46,580 --> 00:35:48,200 In 2008, 831 00:35:48,560 --> 00:35:49,220 a silent, 832 00:35:49,440 --> 00:35:49,720 black, 833 00:35:49,860 --> 00:35:50,860 low-flying cylinder 834 00:35:50,860 --> 00:35:52,040 floats ominously 835 00:35:52,040 --> 00:35:52,840 over the area. 836 00:35:54,840 --> 00:35:56,240 In 2014, 837 00:35:56,780 --> 00:35:58,080 a neon-blue object 838 00:35:58,080 --> 00:35:59,080 rockets towards 839 00:35:59,080 --> 00:36:00,080 the abandoned site. 840 00:36:01,880 --> 00:36:02,600 Then, 841 00:36:02,880 --> 00:36:03,820 in 2022, 842 00:36:03,820 --> 00:36:05,260 another witness 843 00:36:05,260 --> 00:36:06,700 describes a cigar-shaped 844 00:36:06,700 --> 00:36:07,700 object similar 845 00:36:07,700 --> 00:36:08,440 to the cylinder 846 00:36:08,440 --> 00:36:09,640 from over a decade 847 00:36:09,640 --> 00:36:10,180 earlier. 848 00:36:11,300 --> 00:36:11,840 When you hear 849 00:36:11,840 --> 00:36:13,500 about these UFO sightings 850 00:36:13,500 --> 00:36:14,440 occurring over 851 00:36:14,440 --> 00:36:15,180 these alleged 852 00:36:15,180 --> 00:36:16,860 abandoned areas, 853 00:36:17,340 --> 00:36:18,420 it makes you question, 854 00:36:18,920 --> 00:36:19,460 is something 855 00:36:19,460 --> 00:36:20,360 drawing them there? 856 00:36:21,520 --> 00:36:22,480 Those looking 857 00:36:22,480 --> 00:36:23,060 for answers 858 00:36:23,060 --> 00:36:24,220 to these mysterious 859 00:36:24,220 --> 00:36:25,640 sightings might well 860 00:36:25,640 --> 00:36:26,760 turn to Hanford's 861 00:36:26,760 --> 00:36:27,600 haunting history. 862 00:36:28,740 --> 00:36:29,980 The Hanford site 863 00:36:29,980 --> 00:36:31,140 is particularly 864 00:36:31,140 --> 00:36:32,380 significant historically 865 00:36:32,380 --> 00:36:33,700 because it was one 866 00:36:33,700 --> 00:36:34,620 of the main nodes 867 00:36:34,620 --> 00:36:35,700 for the Manhattan 868 00:36:35,700 --> 00:36:36,200 Project, 869 00:36:36,520 --> 00:36:37,300 which was the 870 00:36:37,300 --> 00:36:37,960 crash program 871 00:36:37,960 --> 00:36:38,320 to build 872 00:36:38,320 --> 00:36:39,200 the atomic bomb. 873 00:36:39,420 --> 00:36:40,120 It was important 874 00:36:40,120 --> 00:36:41,400 because the plutonium 875 00:36:41,400 --> 00:36:42,480 necessary for the bomb 876 00:36:42,480 --> 00:36:43,240 was produced 877 00:36:43,240 --> 00:36:44,300 at the site. 878 00:36:45,260 --> 00:36:46,260 The plutonium 879 00:36:46,260 --> 00:36:47,340 produced in Hanford 880 00:36:47,340 --> 00:36:48,180 was crucial 881 00:36:48,180 --> 00:36:49,360 to the Manhattan Project. 882 00:36:49,820 --> 00:36:50,420 It was used 883 00:36:50,420 --> 00:36:51,080 in the first 884 00:36:51,080 --> 00:36:52,220 atomic bomb test 885 00:36:52,220 --> 00:36:53,640 and was later used 886 00:36:53,640 --> 00:36:54,640 in the atomic bomb 887 00:36:54,640 --> 00:36:55,800 that was detonated 888 00:36:55,800 --> 00:36:56,480 in Nagasaki. 889 00:36:56,480 --> 00:36:58,660 Hanford was built 890 00:36:58,660 --> 00:36:59,540 on a truly 891 00:36:59,540 --> 00:37:01,120 impressive scale 892 00:37:01,120 --> 00:37:01,700 and there are 893 00:37:01,700 --> 00:37:03,980 50,000 people 894 00:37:03,980 --> 00:37:04,920 working there. 895 00:37:05,060 --> 00:37:06,080 So this is 896 00:37:06,080 --> 00:37:07,180 an enormous 897 00:37:07,180 --> 00:37:09,380 industrial complex 898 00:37:09,380 --> 00:37:10,640 and in fact 899 00:37:10,640 --> 00:37:11,460 it's basically 900 00:37:11,460 --> 00:37:12,320 a city. 901 00:37:13,320 --> 00:37:14,580 At the Hanford site 902 00:37:14,580 --> 00:37:15,320 they had a large 903 00:37:15,320 --> 00:37:16,720 number of nuclear reactors 904 00:37:16,720 --> 00:37:17,900 and the whole goal 905 00:37:17,900 --> 00:37:18,860 of these reactors 906 00:37:18,860 --> 00:37:20,860 is to produce plutonium. 907 00:37:21,320 --> 00:37:22,520 Plutonium is 908 00:37:22,520 --> 00:37:24,440 extremely radioactive 909 00:37:24,440 --> 00:37:25,920 and a very dangerous 910 00:37:25,920 --> 00:37:26,480 compound. 911 00:37:27,340 --> 00:37:28,380 You really need 912 00:37:28,380 --> 00:37:29,140 to separate 913 00:37:29,140 --> 00:37:29,980 your facility 914 00:37:29,980 --> 00:37:31,280 over a very 915 00:37:31,280 --> 00:37:32,240 large area 916 00:37:32,240 --> 00:37:33,380 so that you're not 917 00:37:33,380 --> 00:37:34,200 having such 918 00:37:34,200 --> 00:37:35,700 intense radiation 919 00:37:35,700 --> 00:37:36,900 that it would be 920 00:37:36,900 --> 00:37:37,680 harmful to the 921 00:37:37,680 --> 00:37:38,600 workers that are there. 922 00:37:39,900 --> 00:37:41,080 Following the end 923 00:37:41,080 --> 00:37:42,380 of the Second World War 924 00:37:42,380 --> 00:37:43,700 the Hanford site 925 00:37:43,700 --> 00:37:44,900 continues to produce 926 00:37:44,900 --> 00:37:45,560 plutonium 927 00:37:45,560 --> 00:37:46,200 for more than 928 00:37:46,200 --> 00:37:47,100 30 years 929 00:37:47,100 --> 00:37:49,140 until in 1987 930 00:37:49,140 --> 00:37:50,440 operations 931 00:37:50,440 --> 00:37:51,340 shut down 932 00:37:51,340 --> 00:37:51,860 completely. 933 00:37:53,040 --> 00:37:54,000 But once 934 00:37:54,000 --> 00:37:54,440 the gates 935 00:37:54,440 --> 00:37:54,960 close 936 00:37:54,960 --> 00:37:55,900 the real 937 00:37:55,900 --> 00:37:56,780 trouble begins. 938 00:37:57,920 --> 00:37:59,240 When we have 939 00:37:59,240 --> 00:38:00,340 huge nuclear 940 00:38:00,340 --> 00:38:01,100 facilities 941 00:38:01,100 --> 00:38:02,360 we have a lot 942 00:38:02,360 --> 00:38:03,120 of radioactive 943 00:38:03,120 --> 00:38:04,620 material around 944 00:38:04,620 --> 00:38:06,260 that's potentially 945 00:38:06,260 --> 00:38:08,120 going to cause 946 00:38:08,120 --> 00:38:08,960 site contamination. 947 00:38:09,960 --> 00:38:10,340 When we're 948 00:38:10,340 --> 00:38:11,040 talking about 949 00:38:11,040 --> 00:38:12,140 radioactive waste 950 00:38:12,140 --> 00:38:12,880 we're not just 951 00:38:12,880 --> 00:38:13,620 talking about 952 00:38:13,620 --> 00:38:14,040 the fuel 953 00:38:14,040 --> 00:38:15,040 we're talking about 954 00:38:15,040 --> 00:38:16,280 all the equipment 955 00:38:16,280 --> 00:38:17,380 used to process 956 00:38:17,380 --> 00:38:18,200 that material. 957 00:38:18,400 --> 00:38:18,960 So it makes 958 00:38:18,960 --> 00:38:19,500 these sites 959 00:38:19,500 --> 00:38:20,800 relatively highly 960 00:38:20,800 --> 00:38:21,500 radioactive. 961 00:38:21,500 --> 00:38:24,340 the Hanford site 962 00:38:24,340 --> 00:38:25,780 has 200 million 963 00:38:25,780 --> 00:38:27,040 litres of radioactive 964 00:38:27,040 --> 00:38:27,560 waste 965 00:38:27,560 --> 00:38:28,720 just sitting 966 00:38:28,720 --> 00:38:29,320 in underground 967 00:38:29,320 --> 00:38:30,140 storage tanks 968 00:38:30,140 --> 00:38:30,860 by the Columbia 969 00:38:30,860 --> 00:38:31,260 River. 970 00:38:31,940 --> 00:38:33,260 It's hard to even 971 00:38:33,260 --> 00:38:33,940 imagine 972 00:38:33,940 --> 00:38:35,300 that amount 973 00:38:35,300 --> 00:38:36,520 of nuclear waste 974 00:38:36,520 --> 00:38:37,980 just sitting there 975 00:38:37,980 --> 00:38:39,700 and all the risks 976 00:38:39,700 --> 00:38:41,340 that it could pose 977 00:38:41,340 --> 00:38:42,660 even despite 978 00:38:42,660 --> 00:38:43,980 the amazing 979 00:38:43,980 --> 00:38:45,400 advance in science 980 00:38:45,400 --> 00:38:46,300 and technology 981 00:38:46,300 --> 00:38:47,520 what a price 982 00:38:47,520 --> 00:38:48,300 we're paying 983 00:38:48,300 --> 00:38:49,080 for having 984 00:38:49,080 --> 00:38:49,760 that enormous 985 00:38:49,760 --> 00:38:50,360 amount 986 00:38:50,360 --> 00:38:51,520 of deadly 987 00:38:51,520 --> 00:38:52,460 substance 988 00:38:52,460 --> 00:38:53,820 just buried 989 00:38:53,820 --> 00:38:54,740 there at Hanford. 990 00:38:56,420 --> 00:38:57,720 With radioactive 991 00:38:57,720 --> 00:38:58,360 materials 992 00:38:58,360 --> 00:38:58,980 if the material 993 00:38:58,980 --> 00:38:59,560 is concentrated 994 00:38:59,560 --> 00:39:00,020 enough 995 00:39:00,020 --> 00:39:00,520 it can take 996 00:39:00,520 --> 00:39:01,520 thousands of years 997 00:39:01,520 --> 00:39:02,140 for it to get 998 00:39:02,140 --> 00:39:03,040 to a safe 999 00:39:03,040 --> 00:39:03,880 radiation level 1000 00:39:03,880 --> 00:39:04,700 depending on 1001 00:39:04,700 --> 00:39:05,200 the element 1002 00:39:05,200 --> 00:39:05,800 that's present 1003 00:39:05,800 --> 00:39:07,140 it may never 1004 00:39:07,140 --> 00:39:08,160 become safe 1005 00:39:08,160 --> 00:39:08,880 to deal with. 1006 00:39:09,760 --> 00:39:10,660 A cleanup 1007 00:39:10,660 --> 00:39:11,840 operation at Hanford 1008 00:39:11,840 --> 00:39:12,680 begun in the 1009 00:39:12,680 --> 00:39:13,800 mid-1990s 1010 00:39:13,800 --> 00:39:14,580 is expected 1011 00:39:14,580 --> 00:39:15,980 to take 50 years 1012 00:39:15,980 --> 00:39:16,740 and cost 1013 00:39:16,740 --> 00:39:17,100 more than 1014 00:39:17,100 --> 00:39:17,960 $100 billion. 1015 00:39:19,920 --> 00:39:20,940 But some 1016 00:39:20,940 --> 00:39:21,580 living around 1017 00:39:21,580 --> 00:39:22,440 the nuclear dump 1018 00:39:22,440 --> 00:39:23,160 have already 1019 00:39:23,160 --> 00:39:23,920 experienced 1020 00:39:23,920 --> 00:39:24,660 irreparable 1021 00:39:24,660 --> 00:39:25,180 damages 1022 00:39:25,180 --> 00:39:26,220 including 1023 00:39:26,220 --> 00:39:27,160 unusually high 1024 00:39:27,160 --> 00:39:27,980 rates of cancer 1025 00:39:27,980 --> 00:39:29,760 thyroid disorders 1026 00:39:29,760 --> 00:39:30,700 and breathing 1027 00:39:30,700 --> 00:39:31,320 problems. 1028 00:39:32,660 --> 00:39:33,740 The scale 1029 00:39:33,740 --> 00:39:34,500 of the environmental 1030 00:39:34,500 --> 00:39:35,540 disaster at 1031 00:39:35,540 --> 00:39:36,000 Hanford 1032 00:39:36,000 --> 00:39:36,840 has attracted 1033 00:39:36,840 --> 00:39:37,640 international 1034 00:39:37,640 --> 00:39:38,220 attention 1035 00:39:38,220 --> 00:39:41,160 and some 1036 00:39:41,160 --> 00:39:41,520 wonder 1037 00:39:41,520 --> 00:39:42,460 if visitors 1038 00:39:42,460 --> 00:39:43,200 have been coming 1039 00:39:43,200 --> 00:39:43,740 from even 1040 00:39:43,740 --> 00:39:44,660 further afield 1041 00:39:44,660 --> 00:39:45,420 to monitor 1042 00:39:45,420 --> 00:39:46,140 the surges 1043 00:39:46,140 --> 00:39:46,700 in nuclear 1044 00:39:46,700 --> 00:39:47,160 energy. 1045 00:39:48,160 --> 00:39:48,980 There's been 1046 00:39:48,980 --> 00:39:49,360 a lot of 1047 00:39:49,360 --> 00:39:50,080 theorizing 1048 00:39:50,080 --> 00:39:50,920 about 1049 00:39:50,920 --> 00:39:52,680 why aliens 1050 00:39:52,680 --> 00:39:53,360 might be 1051 00:39:53,360 --> 00:39:53,920 interested 1052 00:39:53,920 --> 00:39:54,980 in nuclear 1053 00:39:54,980 --> 00:39:56,140 power plants 1054 00:39:56,140 --> 00:39:56,860 and nuclear 1055 00:39:56,860 --> 00:39:57,820 installations 1056 00:39:57,820 --> 00:39:58,740 and even 1057 00:39:58,740 --> 00:39:59,600 nuclear bombs. 1058 00:40:01,040 --> 00:40:02,120 If you want 1059 00:40:02,120 --> 00:40:02,600 the most 1060 00:40:02,600 --> 00:40:03,320 advanced 1061 00:40:03,320 --> 00:40:04,220 technology 1062 00:40:04,220 --> 00:40:05,060 that the 1063 00:40:05,060 --> 00:40:05,700 human race 1064 00:40:05,700 --> 00:40:06,120 has 1065 00:40:06,120 --> 00:40:06,760 it's also 1066 00:40:06,760 --> 00:40:07,520 it's most 1067 00:40:07,520 --> 00:40:08,240 potentially 1068 00:40:08,240 --> 00:40:09,720 destructive. 1069 00:40:10,200 --> 00:40:10,420 Now 1070 00:40:10,420 --> 00:40:11,540 would aliens 1071 00:40:11,540 --> 00:40:12,280 be interested 1072 00:40:12,280 --> 00:40:12,620 in that 1073 00:40:12,620 --> 00:40:13,340 because they 1074 00:40:13,340 --> 00:40:14,200 want to 1075 00:40:14,200 --> 00:40:15,260 tap into 1076 00:40:15,260 --> 00:40:15,580 it 1077 00:40:15,580 --> 00:40:16,540 encourage 1078 00:40:16,540 --> 00:40:17,180 it 1079 00:40:17,180 --> 00:40:18,140 protect 1080 00:40:18,140 --> 00:40:18,620 us 1081 00:40:18,620 --> 00:40:18,940 from 1082 00:40:18,940 --> 00:40:19,200 it. 1083 00:40:20,200 --> 00:40:21,040 But even 1084 00:40:21,040 --> 00:40:21,420 at its 1085 00:40:21,420 --> 00:40:22,180 most potent 1086 00:40:22,180 --> 00:40:23,100 this 1087 00:40:23,100 --> 00:40:23,760 human-made 1088 00:40:23,760 --> 00:40:24,560 technology 1089 00:40:24,560 --> 00:40:25,480 pales in 1090 00:40:25,480 --> 00:40:26,020 comparison 1091 00:40:26,020 --> 00:40:26,420 to the 1092 00:40:26,420 --> 00:40:26,880 destructive 1093 00:40:26,880 --> 00:40:27,560 power of 1094 00:40:27,560 --> 00:40:27,900 nature. 1095 00:40:30,100 --> 00:40:31,380 The eruption 1096 00:40:31,380 --> 00:40:31,940 of Mount 1097 00:40:31,940 --> 00:40:32,600 St. Helens 1098 00:40:32,600 --> 00:40:33,440 in 1980 1099 00:40:33,440 --> 00:40:34,600 resulted in 1100 00:40:34,600 --> 00:40:35,120 a blast 1101 00:40:35,120 --> 00:40:35,980 eight times 1102 00:40:35,980 --> 00:40:36,740 more powerful 1103 00:40:36,740 --> 00:40:37,420 than the 1104 00:40:37,420 --> 00:40:38,220 largest nuclear 1105 00:40:38,220 --> 00:40:38,740 device 1106 00:40:38,740 --> 00:40:39,960 ever detonated. 1107 00:40:41,100 --> 00:40:42,820 The eruption 1108 00:40:42,820 --> 00:40:43,700 of Mount 1109 00:40:43,700 --> 00:40:44,500 St. Helens 1110 00:40:44,500 --> 00:40:45,360 might simply 1111 00:40:45,360 --> 00:40:46,520 be lumped 1112 00:40:46,520 --> 00:40:47,380 together with 1113 00:40:47,380 --> 00:40:48,820 human-created 1114 00:40:48,820 --> 00:40:50,040 explosions 1115 00:40:50,040 --> 00:40:50,700 and the 1116 00:40:50,700 --> 00:40:51,200 whole thing 1117 00:40:51,200 --> 00:40:51,800 seen as 1118 00:40:51,800 --> 00:40:52,540 this is 1119 00:40:52,540 --> 00:40:53,320 an explosive 1120 00:40:53,320 --> 00:40:54,040 place. 1121 00:40:55,000 --> 00:40:55,460 There's one 1122 00:40:55,460 --> 00:40:56,220 theory that 1123 00:40:56,220 --> 00:40:57,020 perhaps 1124 00:40:57,020 --> 00:40:58,480 aliens are 1125 00:40:58,480 --> 00:40:59,440 quite literally 1126 00:40:59,440 --> 00:40:59,940 mapping, 1127 00:41:00,300 --> 00:41:01,200 surveying our 1128 00:41:01,200 --> 00:41:02,020 world for 1129 00:41:02,020 --> 00:41:02,640 one purpose 1130 00:41:02,640 --> 00:41:03,100 or another 1131 00:41:03,100 --> 00:41:04,100 and using 1132 00:41:04,100 --> 00:41:05,140 disasters 1133 00:41:05,140 --> 00:41:06,040 to do so. 1134 00:41:06,640 --> 00:41:07,360 And there's 1135 00:41:07,360 --> 00:41:07,860 plenty to 1136 00:41:07,860 --> 00:41:08,460 choose from. 1137 00:41:08,840 --> 00:41:09,480 Volcanoes 1138 00:41:09,480 --> 00:41:10,020 erupting, 1139 00:41:10,100 --> 00:41:10,420 plenty of 1140 00:41:10,420 --> 00:41:11,000 earthquakes, 1141 00:41:11,300 --> 00:41:11,740 lots of 1142 00:41:11,740 --> 00:41:12,080 natural 1143 00:41:12,080 --> 00:41:12,780 disasters 1144 00:41:12,780 --> 00:41:13,480 abounding, 1145 00:41:13,720 --> 00:41:14,160 especially 1146 00:41:14,160 --> 00:41:14,880 these days. 1147 00:41:15,360 --> 00:41:15,680 And then 1148 00:41:15,680 --> 00:41:16,440 we've created 1149 00:41:16,440 --> 00:41:16,920 our own 1150 00:41:16,920 --> 00:41:17,460 fair share 1151 00:41:17,460 --> 00:41:17,980 of them, 1152 00:41:18,120 --> 00:41:18,700 from the 1153 00:41:18,700 --> 00:41:19,520 atomic bomb 1154 00:41:19,520 --> 00:41:20,640 to even 1155 00:41:20,640 --> 00:41:21,320 something like 1156 00:41:21,320 --> 00:41:21,640 the great 1157 00:41:21,640 --> 00:41:22,360 garbage patch 1158 00:41:22,360 --> 00:41:22,660 in the 1159 00:41:22,660 --> 00:41:23,640 Pacific Ocean. 1160 00:41:24,320 --> 00:41:25,240 Maybe aliens 1161 00:41:25,240 --> 00:41:25,840 are doing a 1162 00:41:25,840 --> 00:41:26,300 kind of 1163 00:41:26,300 --> 00:41:27,680 cost-benefit 1164 00:41:27,680 --> 00:41:28,460 analysis 1165 00:41:28,460 --> 00:41:29,700 of planet 1166 00:41:29,700 --> 00:41:30,100 Earth. 1167 00:41:30,220 --> 00:41:30,660 They're looking 1168 00:41:30,660 --> 00:41:31,500 at human 1169 00:41:31,500 --> 00:41:32,000 beings, 1170 00:41:32,340 --> 00:41:33,020 the impact 1171 00:41:33,020 --> 00:41:33,480 they're having 1172 00:41:33,480 --> 00:41:33,820 on the 1173 00:41:33,820 --> 00:41:34,180 planet, 1174 00:41:34,480 --> 00:41:34,960 and they're 1175 00:41:34,960 --> 00:41:35,500 taking a 1176 00:41:35,500 --> 00:41:35,780 view. 1177 00:41:35,780 --> 00:41:37,560 One thing 1178 00:41:37,560 --> 00:41:38,100 that's really 1179 00:41:38,100 --> 00:41:38,740 interesting to 1180 00:41:38,740 --> 00:41:39,380 think about 1181 00:41:39,380 --> 00:41:40,220 is what 1182 00:41:40,220 --> 00:41:40,820 would happen 1183 00:41:40,820 --> 00:41:41,820 if aliens 1184 00:41:41,820 --> 00:41:42,440 did detect 1185 00:41:42,440 --> 00:41:42,780 us? 1186 00:41:42,920 --> 00:41:43,360 What would 1187 00:41:43,360 --> 00:41:43,820 they choose 1188 00:41:43,820 --> 00:41:44,280 to do? 1189 00:41:45,660 --> 00:41:46,920 In 2011, 1190 00:41:47,560 --> 00:41:48,300 two academics 1191 00:41:48,300 --> 00:41:48,760 from the 1192 00:41:48,760 --> 00:41:49,600 University of 1193 00:41:49,600 --> 00:41:50,200 Pennsylvania 1194 00:41:50,200 --> 00:41:50,960 and an 1195 00:41:50,960 --> 00:41:51,540 experienced 1196 00:41:51,540 --> 00:41:52,560 NASA researcher 1197 00:41:52,560 --> 00:41:53,340 publish a 1198 00:41:53,340 --> 00:41:53,620 paper. 1199 00:41:54,460 --> 00:41:55,280 In it, 1200 00:41:55,640 --> 00:41:56,080 scientists 1201 00:41:56,080 --> 00:41:57,000 examine what 1202 00:41:57,000 --> 00:41:57,560 could happen 1203 00:41:57,560 --> 00:41:58,240 if activity 1204 00:41:58,240 --> 00:41:58,880 on Earth 1205 00:41:58,880 --> 00:41:59,360 caught the 1206 00:41:59,360 --> 00:42:00,140 attention of 1207 00:42:00,140 --> 00:42:00,620 an alien 1208 00:42:00,620 --> 00:42:01,460 civilization. 1209 00:42:03,140 --> 00:42:03,980 The first 1210 00:42:03,980 --> 00:42:04,540 option is 1211 00:42:04,540 --> 00:42:04,820 that the 1212 00:42:04,820 --> 00:42:05,160 outcome would 1213 00:42:05,160 --> 00:42:05,480 just simply 1214 00:42:05,480 --> 00:42:06,040 be neutral. 1215 00:42:06,400 --> 00:42:06,820 They would 1216 00:42:06,820 --> 00:42:07,700 decide that 1217 00:42:07,700 --> 00:42:08,700 maybe that's 1218 00:42:08,700 --> 00:42:09,180 of interest, 1219 00:42:09,340 --> 00:42:09,980 but not 1220 00:42:09,980 --> 00:42:10,320 enough, 1221 00:42:10,420 --> 00:42:10,740 frankly, 1222 00:42:10,900 --> 00:42:11,280 and so 1223 00:42:11,280 --> 00:42:11,640 we'll just 1224 00:42:11,640 --> 00:42:12,300 ignore them. 1225 00:42:12,720 --> 00:42:13,120 Perhaps 1226 00:42:13,120 --> 00:42:13,580 they're far 1227 00:42:13,580 --> 00:42:14,160 more evolved 1228 00:42:14,160 --> 00:42:14,560 than we 1229 00:42:14,560 --> 00:42:14,800 are, 1230 00:42:14,880 --> 00:42:15,080 and they 1231 00:42:15,080 --> 00:42:15,680 don't want 1232 00:42:15,680 --> 00:42:16,720 to mess 1233 00:42:16,720 --> 00:42:17,240 with our 1234 00:42:17,240 --> 00:42:17,800 evolution, 1235 00:42:18,380 --> 00:42:18,920 technologically 1236 00:42:18,920 --> 00:42:19,340 speaking. 1237 00:42:19,560 --> 00:42:20,020 Maybe they're 1238 00:42:20,020 --> 00:42:20,340 out there 1239 00:42:20,340 --> 00:42:21,380 watching and 1240 00:42:21,380 --> 00:42:21,760 determining 1241 00:42:21,760 --> 00:42:22,260 we're just 1242 00:42:22,260 --> 00:42:22,680 not quite 1243 00:42:22,680 --> 00:42:23,160 ready yet. 1244 00:42:24,120 --> 00:42:24,800 Another option 1245 00:42:24,800 --> 00:42:25,320 would be a 1246 00:42:25,320 --> 00:42:25,860 very positive 1247 00:42:25,860 --> 00:42:26,260 one, 1248 00:42:26,520 --> 00:42:27,220 that they 1249 00:42:27,220 --> 00:42:27,680 would take 1250 00:42:27,680 --> 00:42:28,040 a very 1251 00:42:28,040 --> 00:42:28,540 active, 1252 00:42:28,760 --> 00:42:29,220 benevolent 1253 00:42:29,220 --> 00:42:29,600 approach 1254 00:42:29,600 --> 00:42:30,140 to us, 1255 00:42:30,200 --> 00:42:30,440 that they 1256 00:42:30,440 --> 00:42:30,900 would see 1257 00:42:30,900 --> 00:42:31,400 that we 1258 00:42:31,400 --> 00:42:31,980 are a lesser 1259 00:42:31,980 --> 00:42:32,700 civilization 1260 00:42:32,700 --> 00:42:33,780 that could 1261 00:42:33,780 --> 00:42:34,480 use some 1262 00:42:34,480 --> 00:42:34,660 of the 1263 00:42:34,660 --> 00:42:35,160 technology 1264 00:42:35,160 --> 00:42:35,520 that they 1265 00:42:35,520 --> 00:42:35,720 have, 1266 00:42:35,760 --> 00:42:36,100 for instance, 1267 00:42:36,240 --> 00:42:36,460 some of 1268 00:42:36,460 --> 00:42:37,040 the advanced 1269 00:42:37,040 --> 00:42:37,920 knowledge and 1270 00:42:37,920 --> 00:42:39,300 help us to 1271 00:42:39,300 --> 00:42:40,420 better ourselves, 1272 00:42:40,720 --> 00:42:41,200 and that would 1273 00:42:41,200 --> 00:42:41,760 be fantastic. 1274 00:42:42,560 --> 00:42:43,060 But then, of 1275 00:42:43,060 --> 00:42:43,440 course, the one 1276 00:42:43,440 --> 00:42:43,800 that everybody 1277 00:42:43,800 --> 00:42:44,480 worries about 1278 00:42:44,480 --> 00:42:45,080 would be the 1279 00:42:45,080 --> 00:42:45,600 more negative 1280 00:42:45,600 --> 00:42:46,740 option, that 1281 00:42:46,740 --> 00:42:47,160 they would 1282 00:42:47,160 --> 00:42:47,620 take a look 1283 00:42:47,620 --> 00:42:48,280 at us and 1284 00:42:48,280 --> 00:42:49,180 really not 1285 00:42:49,180 --> 00:42:49,820 like what 1286 00:42:49,820 --> 00:42:50,460 they see. 1287 00:42:50,860 --> 00:42:51,700 One reason 1288 00:42:51,700 --> 00:42:53,040 for that is 1289 00:42:53,040 --> 00:42:54,320 because of 1290 00:42:54,320 --> 00:42:54,900 how we 1291 00:42:54,900 --> 00:42:55,820 behave as 1292 00:42:55,820 --> 00:42:56,360 a species. 1293 00:42:57,140 --> 00:42:57,520 Throughout 1294 00:42:57,520 --> 00:42:58,380 human history, 1295 00:42:58,380 --> 00:42:59,540 the way that 1296 00:42:59,540 --> 00:43:00,060 humans have 1297 00:43:00,060 --> 00:43:00,780 interacted with 1298 00:43:00,780 --> 00:43:01,240 one another, 1299 00:43:01,940 --> 00:43:02,580 the way that 1300 00:43:02,580 --> 00:43:03,140 we've treated 1301 00:43:03,140 --> 00:43:03,800 our planet 1302 00:43:03,800 --> 00:43:04,340 in more 1303 00:43:04,340 --> 00:43:05,160 recent history, 1304 00:43:05,560 --> 00:43:06,580 it's possible 1305 00:43:06,580 --> 00:43:07,320 that there's 1306 00:43:07,320 --> 00:43:07,780 an alien 1307 00:43:07,780 --> 00:43:08,700 species out 1308 00:43:08,700 --> 00:43:09,960 there that 1309 00:43:09,960 --> 00:43:11,220 has strong 1310 00:43:11,220 --> 00:43:12,660 feelings about 1311 00:43:12,660 --> 00:43:13,780 how living 1312 00:43:13,780 --> 00:43:14,280 things should 1313 00:43:14,280 --> 00:43:15,040 operate within 1314 00:43:15,040 --> 00:43:15,600 the universe. 1315 00:43:15,980 --> 00:43:16,360 In the 1316 00:43:16,360 --> 00:43:17,420 negative scenarios, 1317 00:43:17,420 --> 00:43:18,700 you have the 1318 00:43:18,700 --> 00:43:19,540 very obvious 1319 00:43:19,540 --> 00:43:20,320 one, that the 1320 00:43:20,320 --> 00:43:20,980 aliens would 1321 00:43:20,980 --> 00:43:22,060 just decide to 1322 00:43:22,060 --> 00:43:23,220 conquer us 1323 00:43:23,220 --> 00:43:24,340 outright and 1324 00:43:24,340 --> 00:43:24,860 become our 1325 00:43:24,860 --> 00:43:25,940 new overlords. 1326 00:43:26,480 --> 00:43:27,120 But there's a 1327 00:43:27,120 --> 00:43:27,920 more intriguing 1328 00:43:27,920 --> 00:43:29,580 negative scenario 1329 00:43:29,580 --> 00:43:30,200 which is 1330 00:43:30,200 --> 00:43:30,740 sometimes 1331 00:43:30,740 --> 00:43:31,600 described as 1332 00:43:31,600 --> 00:43:33,300 the universalist 1333 00:43:33,300 --> 00:43:34,800 option, and 1334 00:43:34,800 --> 00:43:35,420 that is that 1335 00:43:35,420 --> 00:43:36,260 the aliens 1336 00:43:36,260 --> 00:43:37,860 would decide 1337 00:43:37,860 --> 00:43:39,500 that we pose 1338 00:43:39,500 --> 00:43:40,260 an enormous 1339 00:43:40,260 --> 00:43:41,620 threat to the 1340 00:43:41,620 --> 00:43:42,100 rest of the 1341 00:43:42,100 --> 00:43:42,860 universe, and 1342 00:43:42,860 --> 00:43:43,280 we are a 1343 00:43:43,280 --> 00:43:44,200 problem that 1344 00:43:44,200 --> 00:43:45,020 needs to be 1345 00:43:45,020 --> 00:43:46,920 destroyed, snuffed 1346 00:43:46,920 --> 00:43:47,360 out. 1347 00:43:49,380 --> 00:43:50,600 The exact 1348 00:43:50,600 --> 00:43:51,420 reason behind 1349 00:43:51,420 --> 00:43:52,020 the strange 1350 00:43:52,020 --> 00:43:52,720 incidents in 1351 00:43:52,720 --> 00:43:53,620 Washington state 1352 00:43:53,620 --> 00:43:54,320 remain a 1353 00:43:54,320 --> 00:43:54,660 mystery. 1354 00:43:55,600 --> 00:43:56,400 They may or 1355 00:43:56,400 --> 00:43:57,000 may not be 1356 00:43:57,000 --> 00:43:57,900 aliens, but 1357 00:43:57,900 --> 00:43:58,260 and their 1358 00:43:58,260 --> 00:43:59,140 intentions are 1359 00:43:59,140 --> 00:44:00,480 unknown, but 1360 00:44:00,480 --> 00:44:01,200 we do know 1361 00:44:01,200 --> 00:44:01,900 that it is 1362 00:44:01,900 --> 00:44:02,320 more than 1363 00:44:02,320 --> 00:44:03,300 likely that 1364 00:44:03,300 --> 00:44:03,920 we are not 1365 00:44:03,920 --> 00:44:04,780 alone in the 1366 00:44:04,780 --> 00:44:05,260 universe. 1367 00:44:05,780 --> 00:44:06,920 We have 1368 00:44:06,920 --> 00:44:07,740 trillions and 1369 00:44:07,740 --> 00:44:08,400 trillions and 1370 00:44:08,400 --> 00:44:09,000 trillions of 1371 00:44:09,000 --> 00:44:09,860 planets in the 1372 00:44:09,860 --> 00:44:10,240 universe. 1373 00:44:10,620 --> 00:44:11,380 The likelihood 1374 00:44:11,380 --> 00:44:12,460 that there is 1375 00:44:12,460 --> 00:44:13,640 life is becoming 1376 00:44:13,640 --> 00:44:14,760 more and more 1377 00:44:14,760 --> 00:44:15,920 likely because 1378 00:44:15,920 --> 00:44:17,320 it's becoming so 1379 00:44:17,320 --> 00:44:18,280 unlikely that 1380 00:44:18,280 --> 00:44:19,040 there isn't 1381 00:44:19,040 --> 00:44:20,060 conditions elsewhere 1382 00:44:20,060 --> 00:44:21,240 that leads to 1383 00:44:21,240 --> 00:44:21,520 life. 1384 00:44:22,240 --> 00:44:22,700 I'm really 1385 00:44:22,700 --> 00:44:23,660 sympathetic with 1386 00:44:23,660 --> 00:44:24,740 theories that 1387 00:44:24,740 --> 00:44:25,660 propose that 1388 00:44:25,660 --> 00:44:27,200 aliens are very 1389 00:44:27,200 --> 00:44:28,360 interested in us 1390 00:44:28,360 --> 00:44:29,440 for our benefit. 1391 00:44:29,700 --> 00:44:30,300 I think that 1392 00:44:30,300 --> 00:44:31,480 that story, that 1393 00:44:31,480 --> 00:44:32,320 narrative, has a 1394 00:44:32,320 --> 00:44:33,240 lot of power for 1395 00:44:33,240 --> 00:44:33,580 us. 1396 00:44:34,020 --> 00:44:35,200 Aliens helping us, 1397 00:44:35,380 --> 00:44:35,920 maybe mapping 1398 00:44:35,920 --> 00:44:36,880 disasters so that 1399 00:44:36,880 --> 00:44:38,280 we can avoid those 1400 00:44:38,280 --> 00:44:39,100 disasters in the 1401 00:44:39,100 --> 00:44:39,400 future. 1402 00:44:39,800 --> 00:44:40,620 You don't have to 1403 00:44:40,620 --> 00:44:41,700 believe in aliens to 1404 00:44:41,700 --> 00:44:42,260 believe that this 1405 00:44:42,260 --> 00:44:43,000 story can be 1406 00:44:43,000 --> 00:44:43,840 powerful for the 1407 00:44:43,840 --> 00:44:44,980 future of humanity. 1408 00:44:44,980 --> 00:45:14,960 We'll be 84719

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