Original subtitles

1942 Nazi Germany's armed forces

controlled most of Europe the Gestapo

Hitler's most potent and hated weapon of

fear was at full stretch rooting out

opposition and implementing Hitler's

Final Solution the extermination of the

Jews what had begun as a domestic secret

police force had gained the power of

life and death over millions of people

later by 1945 as a Third Reich hurtled

towards its destruction and Hitler raged

in his bunker the Gestapo was to plumb

new depths of lawlessness and brutality

but in the aftermath of war its officers

would simply melt away largely

unpunished and the greatest mystery of

all remains to this day the fate of the

creator of the Gestapo Heinrich Muller

Germans had lived in dread of the

Gestapo since 1933 but what they would

undergo and the declining years of

Hitler's Reich would prove worse than

their most horrific nightmares Munich

the capital of Bavaria this has been the

breeding ground of the original Nazi

movement but in early 1943 leaflets

began to appear around the University in

the name of a group called the white

rose it spoke for the growing number of

Germans who were disillusioned by the

war and particularly Hitler's handling

of it

Jesus relief Elizabeth but it was

directed specially at young people the

German people looks to you we had to do

it once before when Napoleon ruled now

let's rise against this leadership

against this regime the a condesa 13 the

Gestapo reacted with customary speed and

venom the white rose group were

inexperienced dissenters led by a young

brother and sister Sophie enhance shock

within days the Gestapo had seized

almost every member of the group

on the 22nd of February 1943 after a

brief show trial the shawls along with

another white row supporter were

sentenced to death and executed by

guillotine the same day the Gestapo had

made a strong public statement its

bosses realized they faced something new

a rumbling groundswell of opposition at

home some of this was prompted by the

Third Reich's military performance which

was deteriorating fast the assault on

the east had failed the extreme cold of

the Russian winter had taken a savage

toll and the verm act had suffered

immense losses almost a million men had

died most of them at Stalingrad in the

largest single battle the world had ever

witnessed

[Music]

the armies retreat was inevitable

many of the Gestapo officers also found

themselves returning to their homeland

but they didn't find the confident

Germany they had left in 1941

although the leadership still appeared

to believe in the Nazi dream propaganda

minister Joseph Goebbels continued to

stridently urge the civilian population

to total war the head of the German

secret service Volta schellenberg was a

Nazi insider a man in regular contact

with the head of security Heinrich

Himmler

our leaders had no understanding of

conditions abroad their actions were

determined entirely by the own narrow

political views none of them was willing

to move from the recognition of the

facts to the inevitable conclusion that

the idea of victory was impossible but

the German people themselves were

beginning to realize that the wall was

doomed the upsurge of anger and over

challenges to the Gestapo mounted

increasingly it turned his focus back

onto German society - in the last years

of the war as all the fears the Nazis

had concerning the collapse of the

homefront come back to the surface Nazi

Party propaganda may have been telling

the German people one thing but in their

own homes

they were hearing another the radio once

the most effective channel for

disseminating the government's message

was first becoming a threat to the

regime for radio waves know no borders

[Music]

shrieked steamer out America to make the

beached Eastern Africa in the next and

from contact with Montag at the Royal

Air Force by cross and clipper of Deline

out of you listening to foreign

broadcasts was not only illegal but

treasonous so the Gestapo clamped down

[Music]

my grandfather was an enthusiastic radio

amateur and he always listened to

English radio

my grandmother was summoned and my

grandfather said I'll go with you and he

was immediately arrested by the Gestapo

because he admitted that he had listened

to radio London and the court sentenced

him to two and a half years jail for

listening to enemy broadcasts for

ordered one meanwhile the Gestapo did

not neglect its other tasks to complete

the racial purity scheme in the final

solution this was something the Gestapo

chief Heinrich Mueller took charge of

personally it had been his brief to do

so given to him at the Vance a

conference a mullah took pride in

completing and undertaking few pureblood

Jews remained in Germany but Muller was

determined to get rid of everyone there

were complicated regulations about the

percentage of Jewish blood and

intermarriage Jews married to Aryans

had hitherto enjoyed some protection

from persecution but no longer Clara

Hellena gradings father was Jewish her

mother a Protestant in 1919 she herself

married the Protestant a respectable

businessman with whom she had three

children she worked with disabled

youngsters in the Kronberg Hospital and

also did volunteer work with the Red

Cross a model citizen but this did not

impress the Gestapo her parents had been

wealthy but their fine house had been

confiscated and turned him to the local

Nazi Party offices and their new home

was also targeted letterbox was then

smeared with a Jew s lives here or

something and where there was a stone

wall the garden wall big letters were

smeared on it and things like that

happened

from 1939 like all Jews in the Reich

Clara had to add an extra name on all

documents Sarah for women and Israel for

men

Claro was careful to obey the rule but

one day in 1943 she forgot to write her

extra name Sarah in her ration book it

was an absent-minded slip but sufficient

excuse for the Gestapo to call her in

just a year later of 25th May 1943 our

mother had to report to the Gestapo as

she had got a summons we traveled in

together we went to Frankfurt West then

we separated I went into the office and

my mother went to 27 Linden Strasser

that was a Gestapo we agreed if we heard

nothing by midday we'd go there we

didn't hear anything so we met up and we

went there 27 Linden Strasser Gestapo

headquarters Frankfurt

it was here her Clara and her daughters

encountered the man known as deaths

accomplice

Henryk Bob joined the Prussian police

force in 1928 nine years later he was

appointed to the Gestapo and since 1942

had worked in Frankfurt as Jewish

affairs officer later witnesses

testified to his boasting that he had

annihilated and exterminated 387 women I

came in there was a big staircase that

you had to go up to the office

an elderly man came tumbling down the

steps with a loaf under his arm and he

said he'd been kicked down the stairs he

had only wanted to ask whether he should

bring some bread to his wife in prison

oh I would order it's a famous thing

dementia he wasn't a human being he was

an animal I don't know how to describe

someone like that cold you couldn't get

any colder fat buffed up like in that

picture that's what he looked like that

picture in the papers right fat like

that bald and sneering and contemptuous

on Mona's instructions the Gestapo

continued to fill the concentration

camps with Jews who had been overlooked

in the first deportations on the 10th of

January 1944 Klara grading was put on

the train heading east on 19th February

1944 we had a small message in the post

box how the card got to us we don't know

and a few days later the next message

with the death certificate from

Auschwitz this was typical of Heinrich

Mueller for him

the bureaucracy the condemned Clara to

death was a useful instrument and the

complete eradication of the Jews a goal

worth spending Gestapo resources on it

was a belief fully shared by Hitler ones

got to remember that to Hitler and to

the Nazis to Himmler that the Jews were

another enemy in fact they were the

enemy of all enemies they were the enemy

behind the enemy powers Nazi propaganda

made this quite clear depicted

everywhere the figure of a stereotyped

demonized eternal Jew supporting both

the Soviet Union and the United States

in the form of international capital he

carries a whip with which he beats down

the Germans it is an obscene reversal of

the truth but this was the basic lie on

which the Third Reich was built and so

to them it was at vital that the process

at the extent the final solution the

extermination the Jews took precedence

really over even military operations and

this happens time and time again where

trains bringing reinforcements to the

Eastern Front are diverted kept in

sidings and that whilst trains run to

the death camps

but Mona Zeile was destined to go

unrewarded for the war was soon to

require the Gestapo undivided attention

in 1944 the propaganda machine was

cranked up a gear without greater home

support victory would be impossible

[Music]

Alvin's Rozelle Dayton is ta'en voice a

given Z mission in Alberta Eva's Halton

inés axis bazan Das Boot on outside in

public their memory after to Thailand

from Susan's knitting names Mittleman

and Sri Yantra a star beta so we are

Lankan a star by a techniques which

taken in the stream should I cut in our

homes Mittal Vidal German civilians at

home were asked to do more to help young

spanking and DD high markets Alsatian

Eamon was signatory him fin flesh

I was a staining kind of I heard a

student of fun he does all that and the

front take least to bring in happy but

it wasn't that easy with the population

increasingly disenchanted with the Nazi

regime words were not enough anymore

the Gestapo began by tackling all those

who did not

obviously conform to the Nazi archetype

and those not fully signed up to the

Nazi people's community

anyone who appeared to reject the Jew

tonic ideal was suspect and anyone who

imitated the lifestyle of the enemy

became a Gestapo target for treason

once fear I'm done M nasties in for

Beulah and inside we had other models we

had these pictures in the papers that

the Nazis themselves put out and we took

them as models and we tried to look like

them with longer jackets and longer hair

that was our attitude and of course it

was really a thorn in the side for the

Nazis it was obvious that we didn't

belong we were trying to distance

ourselves from those really English

that's over and Austrians distancia de

veau we've on him said we were mad about

jazz and we danced swing we were

passionate about dancing later they

called us the swing kids at once reader

under dish dinner

the propaganda machine went into

overdrive viciously denigrating

Americans blacks in particular is given

in conceived define Africa's on on in

New York

these are trans conference the nigga we

are divided in delusion as noise the

Romans african-americans activities are

shown octopus

[Applause]

[Music]

but Raisa mention Lee I'm Shannon

Theatre of the nigga love Silverton

thus years in Panama and a swing power

comes from province the German swing

kids were just lads wanting to rebel

swing was cosmopolitan relax everything

that the Nazis rejected but they were

accused of undermining their country and

of betraying the brave soldiers at the

front it was put down in the

interrogation transcripts what the youth

was doing was a threat to the state

building clicks outside of the Hitler

Youth it threatened the state and

national morale put state security in

danger and so on

the Gestapo caught the swing kids in its

net two figures stood there with hats

and long coats and with a car and we

drove to the station they got going

there they started beating me already

and then later at the interrogation in

the basement where we were locked up and

interrogated we were kicked down the

stairs

they got angrier and angrier they wanted

to hear something specific that set out

already probably written it all down

already to report to Berlin their heroic

action what they found out amongst the

youth and how subversive they were and

criminals too

I couldn't give him that pleasure though

and the more they beat me the more

frightened I became because I thought

there must be something terrible behind

this if people behave like this almost

was first Alicia hinden finish mentioned

soul for Holland man

it was the same story all across Germany

just thought I was locked up overnight

in the basement of the Gestapo building

and stayed there 20 days then I was

released there was no official charge or

anything on the part of the Gestapo

I was simply locked out loud or as well

as I'll figure star will phone it will

divert anger spurred the Gestapo could

imprison and torture with complete

impunity

Alouette ants every single one of these

people was a state employee it was

covered by state permission and was

capable of murder without having to

justify themselves afterwards as to why

they'd shot someone there were no limits

at all they were all potentially

cold-hearted murderers curfew rules our

method although support among ordinary

Germans was not what it once was

the Gestapo organizations still relied

heavily on informers the card indexes

the purser religiously kept in each of

its offices contain all the

denunciations and records of what

actions followed any German citizen even

the racially spotless could now fall

victim to the Gestapo

Annamarie s was denounced as a

prostitute she was taken to the Gestapo

HQ in Cologne the elder house on the 7th

of November 1942 held without charge for

two weeks she was then released under a

curfew under which she had to be home

every night before midnight for two

years annamaria obeyed the restriction

then one night she arrived home 15

minutes late denounced by a neighbor the

defenseless woman was arrested and

deported to ravensbrück concentration

camp

two months later she was dead

but these routine persecutions disguise

the fact that the Gestapo was not

reaching the core of real and growing

German descent and soon it would have to

confront the challenge that would prove

all but overwhelming the Nazis bed to

conquer Europe had seen all its

able-bodied men drafted into the German

armed forces on the home front the

shortage of labor was severe vital

industries even the munitions factories

were in disarray the Allies solved this

problem by putting women workers into

farms and factories Nazi ideology that

decreed that a woman's place was in the

home prevented that happening in Germany

by 1944 allied bombing had rendered the

labor shortage even more acute a

solution had to be found

urgently

yunso stones industry in transatlantic

shaft

Gordon Tiana as a subsidy to a VM at

angle men are all spy on - alone and all

cylinders are avid crafter on its own

yet Steven files famines any affair

music initially the workers were

voluntary recruits but there were too

few volunteers to keep the massive

German military machine running for long

so the authorities turned to forced

labor and began to import workers from

the German occupied countries in the end

almost 7 million of them the Gestapo was

entrusted with the task of choosing

candidates for this involuntary journey

it was one of the biggest and forced

migrations that had ever occurred in

world history

alena maskavich was a young Jewish

resistance fighter who had secretly

infiltrated the Gestapo offices in

Brussels

one of my daily chores was the sorting

of various lists of hundreds of names

and addresses and classifying them by

district in alphabetical order the names

were those of men to be impressed for

forced labor in Germany and they were to

receive had already received the dreaded

summons a few of these were hugely

earmarked for arrests for having failed

to respond to the summons and even

though they were absolutely necessary to

the war effort these foreign laborers

were far from well treated the Polish

ultra India Alberta polish and foreign

workers came to Breslin my brother and I

we saw that they were not only second

class human beings but third class human

beings they were labeled with a big

letter P sewn onto their shabby clothes

we had to see how hungry they were and

how lots of people spat on them won't I

see Fran feeling Royden under tourism

but not all Germans were hostile some

smuggled food and drink to the workers

for the Gestapo offices this alienated

workforce represented a huge security

problem their solution was predictable

in the absence of accurate intelligence

they randomly made examples of anyone

who attracted their attention

an Italian call Salvatori butter le was

falsely accused of sabotage there was a

shed like this room here is he and I was

cutting the timber and the foreman come

in and said to me go out see so

immediately I went out when I went out

you see behind the door there were two

big burly Gestapo men you understand and

I went out in the innocent you see and

of course they dragged me back when I

saw the Gestapo I said probably a big

trouble you see and i PP myself he was

sent to a special Gestapo run

concentration camp for so-called work

education for most trainees this

represented a death sentence so I was

looking out a guard you see and there

was an Italian prisoner kneeling down on

the outside the ballot you know making

that like a footpath or a carriageway

and he was putting bricks down headways

see

and and he was kneeling down and playing

this breaks down you see and two

officers went by I was looking through

the keyhole they and he just took two

pistol out shot him dead

just like that burr Torelli was

fortunate he managed to survive until

the camp was liberated by the British

Army the 20 of April 1944 it was

Hitler's birthday a day of national

celebration when the leaders of the

Reich strove to outdo each other in

gifts to please the Fuhrer in the past

these have been reports of new successes

against the enemy this year though there

was less success to offer

master think this thought from focus

remember both start out of Hitler 90s

became finish their prior computer as

piston villains come come from invoice

demand he does conflict on G in a high

club start with embodiment in live Alina

defroster winter in Linden and run the

flimsy paper flags and thin cheers were

a faint and puny echo the giant rallies

of it was glorious the Gustavo's

technique of indiscriminate terror was

successful in keeping disaffection under

control at least on the surface of

society but its inability to gather hard

and accurate intelligence was a weakness

that had cost it dear in the past and

would do so again the army had its own

code of honor that had never been

penetrated by gestapo spies and there

were senior military traditionalists who

increasingly despised the upstart Nazis

these high-ranking dissidents were quite

capable of outmaneuvering of the Gestapo

and planting a bomb right next to Hitler

himself

1944 and it was clear that Germany was

heading for defeat the Gestapo became

increasingly arbitrary in its

denunciations failing to grasp the

rising level of anger within the

military upper echelon there was no

inkling within its ranks that a group of

conservative officers under the

leadership of the charismatic Count

Klaus von Stauffenberg was planning to

depose Hitler Stauffenberg was typical

of the military leaders of this plot he

was without doubt too deeply committed

Christian but it was not these Christian

elements in his makeup that motivated

him to assassination if that had been so

he would not have waited until July 1944

he was above all a passionate soldier

and he saw everything from the

standpoint of his profession and it took

military disaster to shock him into the

opposition on the 20th of July 1944

Stauffenberg attended a meeting of the

Chiefs of Staff called by Hitler he had

his briefcase with him as usual but this

time it contained a bomb once again fate

intervened at the last minute

Hitler moved the meeting from a concrete

bunker to a wooden barracks above-ground

Stauffenberg planted the bomb and left

and it exploded but the flimsy wooden

structure dispersed the blast and

although four officers died Hitler

survived without a scratch

[Music]

dusk is their foul plots this

fabrication i'm sloggers

in ein kleiner cries division loss of

its Eva and Montes newly of the Fuhrer

conducting stopped avium a few home for

Eva

it was chaos in the immediate aftermath

Stauffenberg and the conspirators

believe that Hitler was dead they moved

into action making arrests occupying

important buildings and mobilizing

troops but something was wrong according

to Stefan Berg everything was proceeding

splendidly the tanks were on their way

they would reach the city centre very

soon then the real action could begin as

yet we'd received no disturbing reports

of gestapo of of an SS activity I said

urgently too little is happening let's

drive over to the prince Albrecht

Strasse we must eliminate Muller and

Goebbels but Iorek Muller had already

recovered from the shock of the attack

the conspirators were easy to identify

and the Gestapo quickly set about

rounding them up once it was known that

Hitler was alive and well the rebels

knew they had no hope

most of the ring leaders including von

Stauffenberg were executed that very

night the Gestapo was smarting from the

humiliation of yet another failure to

protect the Fuehrer from potential

assassination so its officers arrested

and interrogated every contact and

relative of those they believed to be

involved hundreds were sent to the camps

[Music]

Jakub lenhardt a swiss double agent was

in a Gestapo prison at the time we heard

about the attack on Hitler on the 20th

of July 1944 but even without this would

assume realizes something bad has

happened to the Nazis

there was a clampdown in the prison any

relaxation of the regime or special

treatment was immediately cancelled then

something strange started to happen

women old men even children started to

be brought into the prison under the

so-called protective custody for days

the prison echoed with the cries of pain

of the women been tortured half to death

who called out just to go home once

again we thought our Arab calm at any

moment we expected to be liquidated on

mass just to make place for more German

racial comrades some of these Stefan

Berg conspiracy cases reached cooled but

only as show trials for propaganda

purposes the Gestapo had been above the

law for 11 years as Jakob lenhardt

had already discovered the Gestapo his

word was judge jury and executioner the

courts were there simply to rubber-stamp

whatever the Gestapo had said and at the

same time to humiliate its victims and

to issue ever harsher sentences the

members of the court came back into the

courtroom bareheaded in silence accused

stand up accept our judgement and the

reasoning behind it there is no direct

proof of anything of which you've been

accused

however it can certainly be assumed that

you are guilty the People's Court

therefore sentences you to death on the

guillotine the sentence will be carried

out immediately the property of the

accused will be seized there was no

chance at all that any of the

conspirators would receive anything

resembling a fair trial their only hope

was to run or to go underground anyone

not already executed would fall into the

Gustavo's hands within hours

do you stop over than Abba their

Schneider Gestapo was there very quickly

the same day and then all the time

Quentin really SH Franz von

Hammerstein's father Kurt had already

died a loyal army officer who despised

Hitler and his thugs two of his sons

goon rotten Ludwig

were part of the Stauffenberg plot and

the Gestapo soon discovered this went at

first what they tried to find out from

us where my brothers were we pretended

we didn't know anything and it actually

worked one does this is a song about a

man yes but then at the beginning of

August I was arrested and then my mother

and two sisters in October and I was

brought to the Gestapo prison in the

letter Strasser and Gestapo Griffin is

no theatre Arthur Levon Hammerstein

family somehow kept their secret and

that brothers were never caught very few

others escaped the net hans bernd gu

Servius escaped over the border into

switzerland painfully aware of the

horrific fate of his fellow conspirators

for day and night even when they ate

even when they walked to the scaffold

they were fettered hand and foot they

were not fed so well or treated so

comfortably as the Nuremberg war

criminals but it is not possible to

describe the kind of interrogation that

took place in the Prince Albert rasa we

do know however those martyred men

heroically kept their silence but it

could not have been easy to die amid the

mocking laughter of the Gestapo men

mullahs sadistic bloodbath was his

revenge for the Gestapo failure to

prevent the attack

however the days of his lethal rule were

already numbered in late 1944 Allied

bombing destroyed the Gestapo head

office in Prince Albert Strasser

although he did not hold its work groups

of officers reformed around him from two

bases carrying on much as before but the

Allies were closing in as the day of

reckoning approached the Gestapo

officers began to feel something

familiar to their victims the shiver of

cold fear

19:45 and time for the Gestapo had

almost run out the concentration camps

were still full some of the prisoners

had been kept alive for show trials

planned to celebrate the final Nazi

victory

they included prominent anti-fascist

activists among them military men

Christians and georg elser

the carpenter who had tried to

assassinate hitler in 1939 with victory

of forlorn hope the ever efficient

Gestapo chief Heinrich Mueller took the

time to issue an order to the camp

commandant Elsa and the others were shot

on the 9th of April just days before the

camp was liberated as the Red Army tanks

approached Berlin Hitler emerged from

his bunker one final time to survey the

wreckage of his dreams he was

accompanied by Heinrich Mueller

but Muller did not intend to see it

through to the end with his Fuhrer he is

recorded as saying I know Russian

methods I haven't the slightest

intention of being taken prisoner by the

Soviet troops Muller then disappeared

into the smoke and chaos of the

blistering Russian attack his immediate

superior

Heinrich Himmler head of the SS and

joint founder of the Gestapo also

attempted to escape but he was caught by

British soldiers in lüneburg lies the

body of the most hated man in Europe

Heinrich Himmler chief of the Nazi

secret police and the SAP

proof captured while posing as a

civilian killer was carrying tiny vials

of poison under examination he fit into

one concealed under his tongue propped

up for official photograph this Nazi who

terrorized the continent has met in

violent death his proper hand Hermann

Goering the first leader of the Gestapo

was also captured facing an almost

certain death sentence in Nuremberg

trials in 1946 he too swallowed a

smuggled cyanide capsule it killed him

instantly and turned his corpse bright

green so ended the Gestapo Hitler's

deadliest weapon the sword had been

shattered but what of the Gestapo

officers who for so long have presided

over a reign of terror above the law

what happened to the man who had

tortured and killed with neither

reticence nor restraint some were

brought to justice

Heinrich barb the Jewish affairs officer

at the Frankfurt Gestapo who deported

Klara grading was brought to trial in

his hometown Frankfurt

he stood accused of deporting gypsies as

well as Jews to the death camps in the

east witnesses were called who testified

to the brutality with which he treated

the victims he denied everything the

whole police force including female

officers was involved in these mass

evacuations there were about 40 to 50

regular police finance officers and

rationing officers we followed the

guidelines of the Reich security office

to the letter

obeying orders was not accepted as a

valid defense bob was involved in the

deportation of some 20,000 people

between 1941 and 1942 he was convicted

and sentenced remaining in prison until

1972 long after most other Nazis have

been released

Oswald Ganga Locke who delivered

deportees from votes Berg by train to

the death camps in eastern Poland went

undetected until 1947 when he was

arrested by the Americans he was accused

of hunting and killing u.s. bomber crews

that had been shot down a favorite

Gestapo exercise at his trial there was

no mention of his role in the

deportations nonetheless he was

sentenced to death but this sentence was

commuted to life imprisonment in 1953 he

was released having served just six

years the following year

Oswald gondola was back in uniform he

joined the regular police force his war

record and conviction deemed no

impediment he was promoted to

superintendent and retired in 1963 his

retirement certificate thanks em for his

40 years of service those 40 years

include his time as a Gestapo officer

deporting men women and children to

death camps and murdering allied bomber

crews Kurt lishka and meme bureau chief

of the Gestapo first in Cologne then

Paris where he had been responsible for

the deportations of Jews and the arrest

and torture of resistance fighters after

the war he returned to Cologne where he

lived quietly in the suburbs then in

1971 he was tracked down by the French

Nazi Honda's surge and BRT class failed

although he had been convicted in

absentia by an allied military tribunal

in France a legal anomaly meant that

lishka could not be tried in

we hadn't done phase or we tried to

bring lishka to France to the French

military tribunal that would be able to

convict him we wanted to bring him to

Paris to his former office in the Rue de

cersei even and tell journalists lishka

is back in France and the French

authorities should arrest him and try

him the attempt to transfer him to

France failed but the pressure brought

by the class Feld's led to a change in

German law and in 1978 he was finally

put on trial in Germany in a blaze of

media publicity thirty five years after

he committed his heinous crimes he was

sentenced to 10 years in prison

did she come under shelter Harper when I

saw leshka I just thought what a

cowardly wretched figure he was and I

had to think this man had made decisions

about life and death he taught the

cheating in 1960 Adolphe Eichmann chief

bureaucrat of the final solution and

officer of the Gestapo was snatched from

hiding in Argentina and brought before

an Israeli Court the man who had lounged

beside the fire with Heydrich a mullah

after planning the genocide of millions

found himself on trial he also claimed

to be following orders and that as a

mere pen pusher he didn't kill anyone

[Music]

not his method they are appreciative

giving commitment family Nanaki reason

that the human is not finished a burden

[Music]

but there was sufficient evidence to

prove that icon did indeed have the

blood of millions of Jews on his hands

Ivan's assistant dieter visla Chaney

gave evidence of this at his trial

Eichmann told me that the words final

solution meant the biological

extermination of the Jewish race I

realized that the order was a death

warrant for millions of people and that

the power to execute this order was in

Eichmann's hands subject to the approval

of Heydrich

and yet Eichmann denied all

responsibility

- world is my diversion man on telephone

of the interest from Christine's

Forrestal on the Fahrenheit contained at

the finished see I finished character

had to be fairly given Z half - a

artists meter extravagant physical

geography and it often the gang warning

about people equipment in get offer

he's been introduced Oprah Eichmann was

sentenced to death but he is the

exception rather than the rule

perhaps the most astonishing thing in

the whole story of the Gestapo is how

few of its officers were punished for

their crimes

even high-profile officers known to be

guilty of gratuitous cruelty survived

denotes a vacation and re-entered the

post-war police force

the majority of Gestapo officers whose

actions had brought terror suffering and

death to millions of human beings merely

removed their swastika insignia and got

on with their careers for the fact is

they had convinced themselves that they

were just ordinary policemen caught up

in a cycle of madness devised by Adolf

Hitler the deeds of those years simply

dissolved in their memories as for

Heinrich Muller

whose cold-blooded efficiency had shaped

the Gestapo and forged its reputation

his fate remains a mystery his was not

among the bodies found in the bunker

with Hitler the mores of rumor that he'd

gone over to the Russians in Berlin in

May 1945 and surfaced in Moscow where he

carried on his trade as a secret

policeman another story is that he was

scooped up by the Americans and this

story gained some credibility when one

remembers what happened to Klaus Barbie

the Gestapo chief of Leon who was in

fact recruited by the Americans after

the war as an expert on subversion and

communist activities

none of these rumors have ever really

been substantiated and all the best

evidence we have circumstantial as it is

really suggests that Miller was killed

in the last couple of days of the war

there were many people who had been part

of that circle around Hitler in the

bunker in the last few days who claimed

to have seen his body

unlike Himmler and Heydrich Mueller had

remained anonymous and he alone of the

Nazi bosses could have walked the

streets of Berlin completely

unrecognized there is a grave with his

name on it but when it was investigated

it proved to hold the corpses of three

people

none of them Heinrich Mueller ultimately

the Gestapo could not have been as

effective as it was without the

complicity of the people its inability

to prevent assassinations shows its

inadequacy as a police force but it

excelled at encouraging people's basest

instincts it brought about a climate of

fear in which pettiness and disloyalty

could flourish where denunciation became

a way of life and where opposition

became treason out of my experience with

12 years of Nazism

I cannot help maintaining the German

guilt does exist it is a reality all of

us fell into dangerous evil ways we were

guilty of failure to understand of

willful blindness and misguided

obedience in the final analysis there

were millions of unteachable persons

across the world who made a pact with

the forces of nazi revolution they only

came to their senses when the revolution

swallowed them alive I have no intention

of clapping myself or my friends on the

shoulder saying at least we did what we

could the success of our oppositional

efforts proves we should have done much

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