All language subtitles for ncjnsahj1111

Dennis Dero said, "The great tragedy of

Dennis Dero said, "The great tragedy of
science is the slaying of a beautiful

science is the slaying of a beautiful

science is the slaying of a beautiful
hypothesis by an ugly fact. If the earth

hypothesis by an ugly fact. If the earth

hypothesis by an ugly fact. If the earth
is a sphere or a ball, then there must

is a sphere or a ball, then there must

is a sphere or a ball, then there must
be evidence of a curved surface.

be evidence of a curved surface.

be evidence of a curved surface.
Generations of children and adults from

Generations of children and adults from

Generations of children and adults from
Aristotle to Roman times to this day

Aristotle to Roman times to this day

Aristotle to Roman times to this day
have believed that the curve can be

have believed that the curve can be

have believed that the curve can be
proved by watching ships gradually

proved by watching ships gradually

proved by watching ships gradually
disappear as they move away going over

disappear as they move away going over

disappear as they move away going over
the curved surface of a spherical Earth.

the curved surface of a spherical Earth.

the curved surface of a spherical Earth.
because it is going around the curve of

because it is going around the curve of

because it is going around the curve of
the earth, right? But does this really

the earth, right? But does this really

the earth, right? But does this really
prove the earth is a ball?

prove the earth is a ball?

prove the earth is a ball?
Mathematicians have worked out a

Mathematicians have worked out a

Mathematicians have worked out a
mathematical formula based on spherical

mathematical formula based on spherical

mathematical formula based on spherical
trigonometry to calculate what happens

trigonometry to calculate what happens

trigonometry to calculate what happens
when a ship goes over the horizon and

when a ship goes over the horizon and

when a ship goes over the horizon and
disappears from sight. The formula for

disappears from sight. The formula for

disappears from sight. The formula for
finding how far a distant object is

finding how far a distant object is

finding how far a distant object is
below the horizon is 8 in 2/3 of a foot

below the horizon is 8 in 2/3 of a foot

below the horizon is 8 in 2/3 of a foot
per mile.

per mile.

per mile.
C = 2/3 * the diameter squared. The

C = 2/3 * the diameter squared. The

C = 2/3 * the diameter squared. The
answer is in feet where C is the curve

answer is in feet where C is the curve

answer is in feet where C is the curve
2/3 of a foot is 8 in and D is the

2/3 of a foot is 8 in and D is the

2/3 of a foot is 8 in and D is the
distance below the curve. The answer is

distance below the curve. The answer is

distance below the curve. The answer is
in feet. For example, a ship at sea is

in feet. For example, a ship at sea is

in feet. For example, a ship at sea is
10 m away. How far is the ship below the

10 m away. How far is the ship below the

10 m away. How far is the ship below the
horizon? C = 2/3 * D^ 2 D = 10 C = 2/3

horizon? C = 2/3 * D^ 2 D = 10 C = 2/3

horizon? C = 2/3 * D^ 2 D = 10 C = 2/3
of 10^ 2 10 * 10 The answer is in feet.

of 10^ 2 10 * 10 The answer is in feet.

of 10^ 2 10 * 10 The answer is in feet.
Answer equals 66.6 ft. The above formula

Answer equals 66.6 ft. The above formula

Answer equals 66.6 ft. The above formula
is based on basic spherical

is based on basic spherical

is based on basic spherical
trigonometry. But if one goes to check

trigonometry. But if one goes to check

trigonometry. But if one goes to check
this formula on the internet, one will

this formula on the internet, one will

this formula on the internet, one will
see how a simple idea can be expressed

see how a simple idea can be expressed

see how a simple idea can be expressed
so complex even scientists find it hard

so complex even scientists find it hard

so complex even scientists find it hard
to follow. According to critics, the

to follow. According to critics, the

to follow. According to critics, the
change is recent to support a spherical

change is recent to support a spherical

change is recent to support a spherical
Earth and heliocentricity.

Earth and heliocentricity.

Earth and heliocentricity.
This experiment will need two

This experiment will need two

This experiment will need two
experimenters and two or more monitors.

experimenters and two or more monitors.

experimenters and two or more monitors.
Apparatus needed is a video camera with

Apparatus needed is a video camera with

Apparatus needed is a video camera with
a large zoom lens, access to a large

a large zoom lens, access to a large

a large zoom lens, access to a large
lake, like one of the Great Lakes,

lake, like one of the Great Lakes,

lake, like one of the Great Lakes,
preferably frozen on a very calm and

preferably frozen on a very calm and

preferably frozen on a very calm and
clear day. Set up a station on the edge

clear day. Set up a station on the edge

clear day. Set up a station on the edge
of the lake, and place a marker on the

of the lake, and place a marker on the

of the lake, and place a marker on the
ice 3 m away. Use a drone flying at a

ice 3 m away. Use a drone flying at a

ice 3 m away. Use a drone flying at a
constant controlled 1 meter above the

constant controlled 1 meter above the

constant controlled 1 meter above the
ice so as to pass over the 3m marker.

ice so as to pass over the 3m marker.

ice so as to pass over the 3m marker.
The drone camera will identify the

The drone camera will identify the

The drone camera will identify the
marker and stop, hover in the place

marker and stop, hover in the place

marker and stop, hover in the place
still at 1 m above the ice. Can the

still at 1 m above the ice. Can the

still at 1 m above the ice. Can the
experimenters see the drone by naked eye

experimenters see the drone by naked eye

experimenters see the drone by naked eye
or has it gone over the curve? Or has it

or has it gone over the curve? Or has it

or has it gone over the curve? Or has it
disappeared because the drone has gone

disappeared because the drone has gone

disappeared because the drone has gone
beyond the vanishing point, the limit of

beyond the vanishing point, the limit of

beyond the vanishing point, the limit of
the human eye to see in the distance?

the human eye to see in the distance?

the human eye to see in the distance?
Now video the drone using the zoom lens

Now video the drone using the zoom lens

Now video the drone using the zoom lens
and ask can it still be seen. Now repeat

and ask can it still be seen. Now repeat

and ask can it still be seen. Now repeat
the experiment but put the marker at 6

the experiment but put the marker at 6

the experiment but put the marker at 6
miles away and video through the zoom

miles away and video through the zoom

miles away and video through the zoom
lens. Carefully collate the video

lens. Carefully collate the video

lens. Carefully collate the video
footage. Repeat the experiment for

footage. Repeat the experiment for

footage. Repeat the experiment for
analysis. There are other factors that

analysis. There are other factors that

analysis. There are other factors that
need to be taken into consideration. Of

need to be taken into consideration. Of

need to be taken into consideration. Of
course in this experiment there is no

course in this experiment there is no

course in this experiment there is no
need to use complex contrived

need to use complex contrived

need to use complex contrived
mathematical equations. Just simple

mathematical equations. Just simple

mathematical equations. Just simple
observation and common sense. Is water

observation and common sense. Is water

observation and common sense. Is water
flat? The Earth is over 70% water and

flat? The Earth is over 70% water and

flat? The Earth is over 70% water and
water is flat. So where is the curve?

water is flat. So where is the curve?

water is flat. So where is the curve?
Whenever experiments have been tried on

Whenever experiments have been tried on

Whenever experiments have been tried on
the surface of standing water, the

the surface of standing water, the

the surface of standing water, the
surface has always been found to be

surface has always been found to be

surface has always been found to be
level. If the Earth were a globe, the

level. If the Earth were a globe, the

level. If the Earth were a globe, the
surface of all standing water would be

surface of all standing water would be

surface of all standing water would be
convex. This is experimental proof the

convex. This is experimental proof the

convex. This is experimental proof the
Earth is not a globe. No curve is seen

Earth is not a globe. No curve is seen

Earth is not a globe. No curve is seen
when mountains are observed at a

when mountains are observed at a

when mountains are observed at a
distance as well. Edward Henry cites

distance as well. Edward Henry cites

distance as well. Edward Henry cites
John McIntyre who researched three

John McIntyre who researched three

John McIntyre who researched three
mountains. Mount Tenant, Mount

mountains. Mount Tenant, Mount

mountains. Mount Tenant, Mount
Greybeard, and Mount Frypan. All very

Greybeard, and Mount Frypan. All very

Greybeard, and Mount Frypan. All very
nearly the same height. Standing on

nearly the same height. Standing on

nearly the same height. Standing on
Mount Tenant, McIntyre expected to see

Mount Tenant, McIntyre expected to see

Mount Tenant, McIntyre expected to see
Mount Greybeard lower down than Mount

Mount Greybeard lower down than Mount

Mount Greybeard lower down than Mount
Frying Pan because of the curve of the

Frying Pan because of the curve of the

Frying Pan because of the curve of the
Earth since it was 34 m away. But to his

Earth since it was 34 m away. But to his

Earth since it was 34 m away. But to his
shock and surprise, it was the same

shock and surprise, it was the same

shock and surprise, it was the same
height. When scientists are confronted

height. When scientists are confronted

height. When scientists are confronted
with these factual results, they will

with these factual results, they will

with these factual results, they will
split hairs to bend the results to

split hairs to bend the results to

split hairs to bend the results to
support what they believe. But belief

support what they believe. But belief

support what they believe. But belief
always carries the day, not science.

always carries the day, not science.

always carries the day, not science.
According to critics, when scientists

According to critics, when scientists

According to critics, when scientists
discovered the earth was a flat plane,

discovered the earth was a flat plane,

discovered the earth was a flat plane,
they realized they had a problem. So,

they realized they had a problem. So,

they realized they had a problem. So,
how did they cope with the spherical

how did they cope with the spherical

how did they cope with the spherical
earth theory that was so welldeveloped

earth theory that was so welldeveloped

earth theory that was so welldeveloped
and inscribed into the human psyche for

and inscribed into the human psyche for

and inscribed into the human psyche for
centuries? Well, they had gone too far

centuries? Well, they had gone too far

centuries? Well, they had gone too far
down the rabbit hole to turn back for

down the rabbit hole to turn back for

down the rabbit hole to turn back for
sure. The truth about the real shape of

sure. The truth about the real shape of

sure. The truth about the real shape of
the Earth is too shocking. So, they

the Earth is too shocking. So, they

the Earth is too shocking. So, they
wrapped the flat Earth map around a

wrapped the flat Earth map around a

wrapped the flat Earth map around a
globe. But this made problems of their

globe. But this made problems of their

globe. But this made problems of their
own. Problems found on Mercer's

own. Problems found on Mercer's

own. Problems found on Mercer's
projection where Greenland appears huge,

projection where Greenland appears huge,

projection where Greenland appears huge,
much larger than it really is. In actual

much larger than it really is. In actual

much larger than it really is. In actual
fact, Greenland fits 13 times into the

fact, Greenland fits 13 times into the

fact, Greenland fits 13 times into the
continent of Africa. The strategic map

continent of Africa. The strategic map

continent of Africa. The strategic map
in the White House is there for military

in the White House is there for military

in the White House is there for military
uses should the USA be attacked. The

uses should the USA be attacked. The

uses should the USA be attacked. The
famous blue marble is not a photograph

famous blue marble is not a photograph

famous blue marble is not a photograph
of the earth from space as many believe.

of the earth from space as many believe.

of the earth from space as many believe.
It's a composite of strips of a flat

It's a composite of strips of a flat

It's a composite of strips of a flat
earth map.

earth map.

earth map.
Any flat image can be wrapped around

Any flat image can be wrapped around

Any flat image can be wrapped around
almost any 3D shape. See one of these

almost any 3D shape. See one of these

almost any 3D shape. See one of these
many blue marbles for instance.

many blue marbles for instance.

many blue marbles for instance.
These are just some of the many blue

These are just some of the many blue

These are just some of the many blue
marbles made over the years.

marbles made over the years.

marbles made over the years.
But this is not a photograph. It is

But this is not a photograph. It is

But this is not a photograph. It is
admittedly photoshopped strips wrapped

admittedly photoshopped strips wrapped

admittedly photoshopped strips wrapped
around a sphere. Also, the image of the

around a sphere. Also, the image of the

around a sphere. Also, the image of the
Milky Way galaxy cannot be a photograph

Milky Way galaxy cannot be a photograph

Milky Way galaxy cannot be a photograph
since no vehicle carrying a camera

since no vehicle carrying a camera

since no vehicle carrying a camera
launched from Earth has ever been

launched from Earth has ever been

launched from Earth has ever been
outside the galaxy. It's an artist's

outside the galaxy. It's an artist's

outside the galaxy. It's an artist's
impression of a theoretical idea. But

impression of a theoretical idea. But

impression of a theoretical idea. But
how many people believe this is an

how many people believe this is an

how many people believe this is an
actual photo?

actual photo?

actual photo?
Mountain ranges reflected in lakes is a

Mountain ranges reflected in lakes is a

Mountain ranges reflected in lakes is a
good example of the flat earth. If earth

good example of the flat earth. If earth

good example of the flat earth. If earth
is a sphere, then lakes should behave as

is a sphere, then lakes should behave as

is a sphere, then lakes should behave as
convex mirrors and the image smaller as

convex mirrors and the image smaller as

convex mirrors and the image smaller as
seen at B. Mountains reflecting on a

seen at B. Mountains reflecting on a

seen at B. Mountains reflecting on a
lake or C, the reflection is the same

lake or C, the reflection is the same

lake or C, the reflection is the same
size as the mountain in A. On a curved

size as the mountain in A. On a curved

size as the mountain in A. On a curved
Earth, the reflection would be smaller

Earth, the reflection would be smaller

Earth, the reflection would be smaller
like in B.

like in B.

like in B.
What do we actually see?

What do we actually see?

What do we actually see?
What do reflections look like here on

What do reflections look like here on

What do reflections look like here on
our actual Earth?

our actual Earth?

our actual Earth?
These photos show perfect reflections

These photos show perfect reflections

These photos show perfect reflections
which are exactly the same size as the

which are exactly the same size as the

which are exactly the same size as the
mountain, indicating the water is flat.

mountain, indicating the water is flat.

mountain, indicating the water is flat.
You may conduct your own simple

You may conduct your own simple

You may conduct your own simple
experiment using a regular flat mirror

experiment using a regular flat mirror

experiment using a regular flat mirror
and a convex car reversing mirror.

and a convex car reversing mirror.

and a convex car reversing mirror.
You'll see the image in a flat mirror is

You'll see the image in a flat mirror is

You'll see the image in a flat mirror is
always the same size as the object,

always the same size as the object,

always the same size as the object,
while the image in a convex mirror is

while the image in a convex mirror is

while the image in a convex mirror is
always smaller than the object.

always smaller than the object.

always smaller than the object.
Many films and videos show the Earth

Many films and videos show the Earth

Many films and videos show the Earth
from high up in the stratosphere as a

from high up in the stratosphere as a

from high up in the stratosphere as a
sphere, particularly the video where

sphere, particularly the video where

sphere, particularly the video where
Felix Bumgardner made his famous leap in

Felix Bumgardner made his famous leap in

Felix Bumgardner made his famous leap in
2012 from 20 m up from a high balloon.

2012 from 20 m up from a high balloon.

2012 from 20 m up from a high balloon.
And of course, what we are told are

And of course, what we are told are

And of course, what we are told are
views from satellites, the International

views from satellites, the International

views from satellites, the International
Space Station, and the Hubble telescope,

Space Station, and the Hubble telescope,

Space Station, and the Hubble telescope,
where the Earth is decidedly spherical.

where the Earth is decidedly spherical.

where the Earth is decidedly spherical.
The cameras used, however, are special

The cameras used, however, are special

The cameras used, however, are special
cameras fitted with fisheye lenses,

cameras fitted with fisheye lenses,

cameras fitted with fisheye lenses,
which can show straight lines as curved,

which can show straight lines as curved,

which can show straight lines as curved,
convex, or concave.

convex, or concave.

convex, or concave.
But when film is taken from amateur

But when film is taken from amateur

But when film is taken from amateur
balloons at more than 20 m high using a

balloons at more than 20 m high using a

balloons at more than 20 m high using a
regular lens, the horizon appears flat.

regular lens, the horizon appears flat.

regular lens, the horizon appears flat.
Critics claim there is a deliberate

Critics claim there is a deliberate

Critics claim there is a deliberate
element of deception from space agencies

element of deception from space agencies

element of deception from space agencies
to exaggerate the curve.

to exaggerate the curve.

to exaggerate the curve.
The fisheye lens distorts the image.

The fisheye lens distorts the image.

The fisheye lens distorts the image.
Critics say it is deliberately used to

Critics say it is deliberately used to

Critics say it is deliberately used to
deceive which is not too difficult since

deceive which is not too difficult since

deceive which is not too difficult since
the majority of people already believe

the majority of people already believe

the majority of people already believe
the earth is a ball having been

the earth is a ball having been

the earth is a ball having been
conditioned to see what they expect.

conditioned to see what they expect.

conditioned to see what they expect.
The following videos show the distortion

The following videos show the distortion

The following videos show the distortion
of a fisheye, which can be a convex or

of a fisheye, which can be a convex or

of a fisheye, which can be a convex or
concave lens in contrast to a regular

concave lens in contrast to a regular

concave lens in contrast to a regular
normal lens.

normal lens.

normal lens.
Watch the short video of the Felix

Watch the short video of the Felix

Watch the short video of the Felix
Bumgardner jump on the 15th of March

Bumgardner jump on the 15th of March

Bumgardner jump on the 15th of March
2012. Before Bumgardner jumped from his

2012. Before Bumgardner jumped from his

2012. Before Bumgardner jumped from his
capsule from 128,000 ft above the Earth,

capsule from 128,000 ft above the Earth,

capsule from 128,000 ft above the Earth,
a camera with an ordinary regular lens

a camera with an ordinary regular lens

a camera with an ordinary regular lens
inside briefly shows a flat eyele

inside briefly shows a flat eyele

inside briefly shows a flat eyele
horizon of the Earth. When Bumgardner

horizon of the Earth. When Bumgardner

horizon of the Earth. When Bumgardner
steps out of the balloon from the

steps out of the balloon from the

steps out of the balloon from the
capsule, an external GoPro camera is

capsule, an external GoPro camera is

capsule, an external GoPro camera is
switched on and then suddenly the whole

switched on and then suddenly the whole

switched on and then suddenly the whole
horizon is transformed into a curved

horizon is transformed into a curved

horizon is transformed into a curved
horizon, which according to critics was

horizon, which according to critics was

horizon, which according to critics was
deliberately done to give the impression

deliberately done to give the impression

deliberately done to give the impression
of a curved earth to meet the

of a curved earth to meet the

of a curved earth to meet the
expectation of viewers. But watching the

expectation of viewers. But watching the

expectation of viewers. But watching the
video more closely, the curve is too

video more closely, the curve is too

video more closely, the curve is too
sharp and small for a complete and whole

sharp and small for a complete and whole

sharp and small for a complete and whole
Earth. The curves are seen as both

Earth. The curves are seen as both

Earth. The curves are seen as both
convex and concave according to the

convex and concave according to the

convex and concave according to the
angle of the camera. But the horizon is

angle of the camera. But the horizon is

angle of the camera. But the horizon is
not convex nor concave, but flat.

not convex nor concave, but flat.

not convex nor concave, but flat.
What is considered to be the very first

What is considered to be the very first

What is considered to be the very first
view from a rocket into space from 65 mi

view from a rocket into space from 65 mi

view from a rocket into space from 65 mi
up was from the Nazi V2 rocket launched

up was from the Nazi V2 rocket launched

up was from the Nazi V2 rocket launched
from the White Sands Missile Range of

from the White Sands Missile Range of

from the White Sands Missile Range of
New Mexico on October 14th, 1946.

New Mexico on October 14th, 1946.

New Mexico on October 14th, 1946.
A regular lens shows a flat Earth, which

A regular lens shows a flat Earth, which

A regular lens shows a flat Earth, which
is quite different from the view that

is quite different from the view that

is quite different from the view that
NASA released thereafter using fisheye

NASA released thereafter using fisheye

NASA released thereafter using fisheye
lenses that distort the horizon even

lenses that distort the horizon even

lenses that distort the horizon even
from only 5 m high. Notice the sharpness

from only 5 m high. Notice the sharpness

from only 5 m high. Notice the sharpness
of the curve. The V2 rocket is 13 m

of the curve. The V2 rocket is 13 m

of the curve. The V2 rocket is 13 m
higher and shows a very different

higher and shows a very different

higher and shows a very different
picture.

picture.

picture.
Balloons were used extensively in the

Balloons were used extensively in the

Balloons were used extensively in the
19th century before engineowered

19th century before engineowered

19th century before engineowered
airplanes existed. reports from that

airplanes existed. reports from that

airplanes existed. reports from that
time are very interesting and worth

time are very interesting and worth

time are very interesting and worth
reading the impressions given by those

reading the impressions given by those

reading the impressions given by those
balloonists.

balloonists.

balloonists.
In an editorial from the London Journal,

In an editorial from the London Journal,

In an editorial from the London Journal,
July 18th, 1857, one journalist

July 18th, 1857, one journalist

July 18th, 1857, one journalist
described the experience of his hot air

described the experience of his hot air

described the experience of his hot air
balloon ascent. Quote, "The chief

balloon ascent. Quote, "The chief

balloon ascent. Quote, "The chief
peculiarity of the view from a balloon

peculiarity of the view from a balloon

peculiarity of the view from a balloon
at a considerable elevation was the

at a considerable elevation was the

at a considerable elevation was the
altitude of the horizon, which remained

altitude of the horizon, which remained

altitude of the horizon, which remained
practically on a level with the eye at

practically on a level with the eye at

practically on a level with the eye at
an elevation of 2 mi, causing the

an elevation of 2 mi, causing the

an elevation of 2 mi, causing the
surface of the Earth to appear concave

surface of the Earth to appear concave

surface of the Earth to appear concave
and to recede during the rapid ascent,

and to recede during the rapid ascent,

and to recede during the rapid ascent,
whilst the horizon and the balloon seem

whilst the horizon and the balloon seem

whilst the horizon and the balloon seem
to be stationary.

to be stationary.

to be stationary.
The horizon always rises up to meet the

The horizon always rises up to meet the

The horizon always rises up to meet the
eye at high level. Observers from a

eye at high level. Observers from a

eye at high level. Observers from a
balloon 20 m high using a standard lens

balloon 20 m high using a standard lens

balloon 20 m high using a standard lens
would have to look down to see the

would have to look down to see the

would have to look down to see the
horizon. But in practice, the horizon is

horizon. But in practice, the horizon is

horizon. But in practice, the horizon is
always at eye level.

always at eye level.

always at eye level.
If the Earth is flat, why is it not

If the Earth is flat, why is it not

If the Earth is flat, why is it not
possible to see a city 50 m away with

possible to see a city 50 m away with

possible to see a city 50 m away with
the naked eye? Because of perspective

the naked eye? Because of perspective

the naked eye? Because of perspective
and the nature and structure of the

and the nature and structure of the

and the nature and structure of the
human eye. An average person sees the

human eye. An average person sees the

human eye. An average person sees the
horizon about 3.5 to 6 miles away. A

horizon about 3.5 to 6 miles away. A

horizon about 3.5 to 6 miles away. A
taller person can see a little further

taller person can see a little further

taller person can see a little further
perspective.

perspective.

perspective.
Perspective may be explained by railway

Perspective may be explained by railway

Perspective may be explained by railway
lines. The lines are perfectly parallel,

lines. The lines are perfectly parallel,

lines. The lines are perfectly parallel,
but a person standing in the middle of

but a person standing in the middle of

but a person standing in the middle of
the lines looking into the distance sees

the lines looking into the distance sees

the lines looking into the distance sees
them getting closer and closer. Although

them getting closer and closer. Although

them getting closer and closer. Although
the person knows they are the same

the person knows they are the same

the person knows they are the same
distance apart, but they can only see as

distance apart, but they can only see as

distance apart, but they can only see as
far as the horizon. The railway line

far as the horizon. The railway line

far as the horizon. The railway line
appears to get smaller, but of course it

appears to get smaller, but of course it

appears to get smaller, but of course it
does not. It is approaching the

does not. It is approaching the

does not. It is approaching the
vanishing point. But this is just

vanishing point. But this is just

vanishing point. But this is just
perspective and nothing has really

perspective and nothing has really

perspective and nothing has really
vanished.

vanished.

vanished.
When a person starts to walk away down

When a person starts to walk away down

When a person starts to walk away down
the middle of a road, they appear to get

the middle of a road, they appear to get

the middle of a road, they appear to get
smaller and eventually their legs start

smaller and eventually their legs start

smaller and eventually their legs start
to appear blurry and shimmering. This is

to appear blurry and shimmering. This is

to appear blurry and shimmering. This is
because of the density of the air and

because of the density of the air and

because of the density of the air and
light returning from the legs becoming

light returning from the legs becoming

light returning from the legs becoming
distorted. Perspective, however, can be

distorted. Perspective, however, can be

distorted. Perspective, however, can be
changed by using binoculars, zoom lens,

changed by using binoculars, zoom lens,

changed by using binoculars, zoom lens,
or a telescope, and the image of the

or a telescope, and the image of the

or a telescope, and the image of the
person appears closer and visible again.

person appears closer and visible again.

person appears closer and visible again.
Eventually,

Eventually,

Eventually,
the person still walking down the road

the person still walking down the road

the person still walking down the road
disappears, not because they have gone

disappears, not because they have gone

disappears, not because they have gone
over the curve of the earth, but simply

over the curve of the earth, but simply

over the curve of the earth, but simply
because they have gone out of range of

because they have gone out of range of

because they have gone out of range of
view, called the vanishing point. Ships

view, called the vanishing point. Ships

view, called the vanishing point. Ships
at sea that appear to disappear at the

at sea that appear to disappear at the

at sea that appear to disappear at the
bottom can be restored to full view

bottom can be restored to full view

bottom can be restored to full view
using a good zoom lens camera. The

using a good zoom lens camera. The

using a good zoom lens camera. The
bottom of the ship can come into focus

bottom of the ship can come into focus

bottom of the ship can come into focus
and the bow seen clearly breaking the

and the bow seen clearly breaking the

and the bow seen clearly breaking the
waves. There are hundreds of videos

waves. There are hundreds of videos

waves. There are hundreds of videos
produced by researchers which

produced by researchers which

produced by researchers which
demonstrate that ships do not vanish

demonstrate that ships do not vanish

demonstrate that ships do not vanish
around the curve of the earth. The

around the curve of the earth. The

around the curve of the earth. The
teaching in schools that ships at sea

teaching in schools that ships at sea

teaching in schools that ships at sea
disappear because they've gone over the

disappear because they've gone over the

disappear because they've gone over the
curve of the earth is no longer a

curve of the earth is no longer a

curve of the earth is no longer a
credible proof that the earth has a

credible proof that the earth has a

credible proof that the earth has a
curved surface.

curved surface.

curved surface.
It's part of the natural physics of

It's part of the natural physics of

It's part of the natural physics of
water and other fluids to always find

water and other fluids to always find

water and other fluids to always find
their level and remain flat. If

their level and remain flat. If

their level and remain flat. If
disturbed in any way, motion ensues

disturbed in any way, motion ensues

disturbed in any way, motion ensues
until the flat level is resumed. If

until the flat level is resumed. If

until the flat level is resumed. If
raised up then released, the nature of

raised up then released, the nature of

raised up then released, the nature of
all liquids is to flood outwards, taking

all liquids is to flood outwards, taking

all liquids is to flood outwards, taking
the easiest course towards finding its

the easiest course towards finding its

the easiest course towards finding its
new level. Hydroelectric power stations

new level. Hydroelectric power stations

new level. Hydroelectric power stations
are a testament to this fact. But if the

are a testament to this fact. But if the

are a testament to this fact. But if the
Earth is a giant sphere tilted on its

Earth is a giant sphere tilted on its

Earth is a giant sphere tilted on its
vertical axis, spinning through

vertical axis, spinning through

vertical axis, spinning through
neverending space, then it follows that

neverending space, then it follows that

neverending space, then it follows that
truly flat consistently level surfaces

truly flat consistently level surfaces

truly flat consistently level surfaces
do not exist here. Moreover, if the

do not exist here. Moreover, if the

do not exist here. Moreover, if the
Earth is spherical, then it follows that

Earth is spherical, then it follows that

Earth is spherical, then it follows that
the surface of all Earth's water,

the surface of all Earth's water,

the surface of all Earth's water,
including the massive oceans, must

including the massive oceans, must

including the massive oceans, must
maintain a certain degree of convexity.

maintain a certain degree of convexity.

maintain a certain degree of convexity.
But this is contrary to the fundamental

But this is contrary to the fundamental

But this is contrary to the fundamental
physical nature of water to always be

physical nature of water to always be

physical nature of water to always be
and remain level.

and remain level.

and remain level.
The Nile River in Africa is 4,132

The Nile River in Africa is 4,132

The Nile River in Africa is 4,132
m long. Flowing over an arc of the curve

m long. Flowing over an arc of the curve

m long. Flowing over an arc of the curve
of the earth would subtend an angle at

of the earth would subtend an angle at

of the earth would subtend an angle at
the center of the earth of about 60°.

the center of the earth of about 60°.

the center of the earth of about 60°.
Then logically it must flow uphill at

Then logically it must flow uphill at

Then logically it must flow uphill at
some stage and then down to the

some stage and then down to the

some stage and then down to the
Mediterranean.

Mediterranean.

Mediterranean.
There are other long rivers such as the

There are other long rivers such as the

There are other long rivers such as the
Congo and Amazon totally incompatible

Congo and Amazon totally incompatible

Congo and Amazon totally incompatible
with the supposed globularity of the

with the supposed globularity of the

with the supposed globularity of the
earth. As Thomas Winship says, we know

earth. As Thomas Winship says, we know

earth. As Thomas Winship says, we know
from practical experiment that water

from practical experiment that water

from practical experiment that water
will find its level and cannot by any

will find its level and cannot by any

will find its level and cannot by any
possibility remain other than level or

possibility remain other than level or

possibility remain other than level or
flat or horizontal, whatever term may be

flat or horizontal, whatever term may be

flat or horizontal, whatever term may be
used to express the idea. It is

used to express the idea. It is

used to express the idea. It is
therefore quite out of the range of

therefore quite out of the range of

therefore quite out of the range of
possibility that rivers could do as they

possibility that rivers could do as they

possibility that rivers could do as they
would on a globe. The situation is even

would on a globe. The situation is even

would on a globe. The situation is even
more baffling when scientists say the

more baffling when scientists say the

more baffling when scientists say the
force of gravity is a weak force. Yet,

force of gravity is a weak force. Yet,

force of gravity is a weak force. Yet,
it's able to hold down trillions of tons

it's able to hold down trillions of tons

it's able to hold down trillions of tons
of water on the surface of the Earth

of water on the surface of the Earth

of water on the surface of the Earth
while traveling at 67,000 mph in orbit

while traveling at 67,000 mph in orbit

while traveling at 67,000 mph in orbit
and rotating over 1,000 mph at the

and rotating over 1,000 mph at the

and rotating over 1,000 mph at the
equator. Critics contend that all the

equator. Critics contend that all the

equator. Critics contend that all the
evidence indicates that Earth is not

evidence indicates that Earth is not

evidence indicates that Earth is not
moving and is flat. Anyone can show that

moving and is flat. Anyone can show that

moving and is flat. Anyone can show that
the horizon is perfectly flat by a

the horizon is perfectly flat by a

the horizon is perfectly flat by a
simple experiment on a suitable beach.

simple experiment on a suitable beach.

simple experiment on a suitable beach.
Take a rigid plank of wood about 6 ft

Take a rigid plank of wood about 6 ft

Take a rigid plank of wood about 6 ft
long or more and place it across two

long or more and place it across two

long or more and place it across two
tripods as shown here. Using a spirit

tripods as shown here. Using a spirit

tripods as shown here. Using a spirit
level to ensure it is perfectly

level to ensure it is perfectly

level to ensure it is perfectly
horizontal, place a plum line in the

horizontal, place a plum line in the

horizontal, place a plum line in the
middle and at various places across the

middle and at various places across the

middle and at various places across the
plank to ensure it is perfectly level

plank to ensure it is perfectly level

plank to ensure it is perfectly level
and square to the ground. Then facing

and square to the ground. Then facing

and square to the ground. Then facing
the sea and taking a line of sight, line

the sea and taking a line of sight, line

the sea and taking a line of sight, line
up the plank with the distant horizon.

up the plank with the distant horizon.

up the plank with the distant horizon.
If the earth was curved and the curve

If the earth was curved and the curve

If the earth was curved and the curve
could be observed over a great expanse

could be observed over a great expanse

could be observed over a great expanse
of the horizon, the curve should be

of the horizon, the curve should be

of the horizon, the curve should be
observable at both ends of the plank.

observable at both ends of the plank.

observable at both ends of the plank.
The keel canal that cuts across Denmark

The keel canal that cuts across Denmark

The keel canal that cuts across Denmark
Peninsula is almost 57 m 9 km long

Peninsula is almost 57 m 9 km long

Peninsula is almost 57 m 9 km long
without a single lock to raise it up and

without a single lock to raise it up and

without a single lock to raise it up and
over a 91 km curve. There are thousands

over a 91 km curve. There are thousands

over a 91 km curve. There are thousands
of canals hundreds of miles long across

of canals hundreds of miles long across

of canals hundreds of miles long across
the world that are perfectly flat. If

the world that are perfectly flat. If

the world that are perfectly flat. If
there are locks, it is to lift the boats

there are locks, it is to lift the boats

there are locks, it is to lift the boats
and ships over a rugged flat landscape,

and ships over a rugged flat landscape,

and ships over a rugged flat landscape,
not a curved earth. Other examples are

not a curved earth. Other examples are

not a curved earth. Other examples are
the Suez Canal, 100 miles connecting the

the Suez Canal, 100 miles connecting the

the Suez Canal, 100 miles connecting the
Mediterranean and the Red Sea.

Mediterranean and the Red Sea.

Mediterranean and the Red Sea.
Canals and railways are always customade

Canals and railways are always customade

Canals and railways are always customade
horizontally, often over hundreds of

horizontally, often over hundreds of

horizontally, often over hundreds of
miles without any allowance made for

miles without any allowance made for

miles without any allowance made for
curvature.

curvature.

curvature.
One surveyor, Mr. T. Westwood, wrote in

One surveyor, Mr. T. Westwood, wrote in

One surveyor, Mr. T. Westwood, wrote in
January 1896 to the Earth Review

January 1896 to the Earth Review

January 1896 to the Earth Review
magazine, stating that quote, "In

magazine, stating that quote, "In

magazine, stating that quote, "In
leveling, I work from ordinance marks or

leveling, I work from ordinance marks or

leveling, I work from ordinance marks or
canal levels to get the height above sea

canal levels to get the height above sea

canal levels to get the height above sea
level." The puzzle to me used to be that

level." The puzzle to me used to be that

level." The puzzle to me used to be that
over several miles each level was

over several miles each level was

over several miles each level was
treated throughout its length as the

treated throughout its length as the

treated throughout its length as the
same level from end to end, not the

same level from end to end, not the

same level from end to end, not the
least allowance being made for

least allowance being made for

least allowance being made for
curvature.

curvature.

curvature.
Another surveyor and engineer of 30

Another surveyor and engineer of 30

Another surveyor and engineer of 30
years wrote to the Birmingham weekly

years wrote to the Birmingham weekly

years wrote to the Birmingham weekly
Mercury on February 15th, 1890, stating,

Mercury on February 15th, 1890, stating,

Mercury on February 15th, 1890, stating,
"I am thoroughly acquainted with the

"I am thoroughly acquainted with the

"I am thoroughly acquainted with the
theory and practice of civil

theory and practice of civil

theory and practice of civil
engineering. However bigoted some of our

engineering. However bigoted some of our

engineering. However bigoted some of our
professors may be in the theory of

professors may be in the theory of

professors may be in the theory of
surveying according to the prescribed

surveying according to the prescribed

surveying according to the prescribed
rules, yet it is well known that such

rules, yet it is well known that such

rules, yet it is well known that such
theoretical measurements are incapable

theoretical measurements are incapable

theoretical measurements are incapable
of any practical illustration. All our

of any practical illustration. All our

of any practical illustration. All our
locomotives are designed to run on what

locomotives are designed to run on what

locomotives are designed to run on what
may be regarded as true levels or flats.

may be regarded as true levels or flats.

may be regarded as true levels or flats.
Anything approaching 8 in in the mile,

Anything approaching 8 in in the mile,

Anything approaching 8 in in the mile,
increasing as the square of the

increasing as the square of the

increasing as the square of the
distance, could not be worked by any

distance, could not be worked by any

distance, could not be worked by any
engine that was ever yet constructed.

engine that was ever yet constructed.

engine that was ever yet constructed.
Early in 1898, I met Mr. Hughes, chief

Early in 1898, I met Mr. Hughes, chief

Early in 1898, I met Mr. Hughes, chief
officer of the steamer city of Lincoln.

officer of the steamer city of Lincoln.

officer of the steamer city of Lincoln.
This gentleman told me he had projected

This gentleman told me he had projected

This gentleman told me he had projected
thousands of miles of local railway in

thousands of miles of local railway in

thousands of miles of local railway in
South America and never heard of any

South America and never heard of any

South America and never heard of any
allowance for curvature being made.

allowance for curvature being made.

allowance for curvature being made.
If the Earth were a sphere, airplane

If the Earth were a sphere, airplane

If the Earth were a sphere, airplane
pilots would have to constantly correct

pilots would have to constantly correct

pilots would have to constantly correct
their altitudes downwards so as to not

their altitudes downwards so as to not

their altitudes downwards so as to not
fly straight off into outer space. If

fly straight off into outer space. If

fly straight off into outer space. If
the Earth were truly a sphere 25,000 m

the Earth were truly a sphere 25,000 m

the Earth were truly a sphere 25,000 m
in circumference, covering 8 in per mile

in circumference, covering 8 in per mile

in circumference, covering 8 in per mile
squared, a pilot wishing to maintain

squared, a pilot wishing to maintain

squared, a pilot wishing to maintain
their altitude at a typical cruising

their altitude at a typical cruising

their altitude at a typical cruising
speed of 500 mph would have to

speed of 500 mph would have to

speed of 500 mph would have to
constantly tip their nose downward and

constantly tip their nose downward and

constantly tip their nose downward and
descend 2,777

descend 2,777

descend 2,777
ft every minute. When pilots set an

ft every minute. When pilots set an

ft every minute. When pilots set an
altitude, their artificial horizon gauge

altitude, their artificial horizon gauge

altitude, their artificial horizon gauge
remains level, and so does their course.

remains level, and so does their course.

remains level, and so does their course.
Nothing like the necessary 2,777

Nothing like the necessary 2,777

Nothing like the necessary 2,777
ft per minute declination is taken into

ft per minute declination is taken into

ft per minute declination is taken into
consideration.

consideration.

consideration.
Similarly, ships captains in navigating

Similarly, ships captains in navigating

Similarly, ships captains in navigating
great distances at sea never need to

great distances at sea never need to

great distances at sea never need to
factor the supposed curvature of the

factor the supposed curvature of the

factor the supposed curvature of the
earth into their calculations. Both

earth into their calculations. Both

earth into their calculations. Both
plane sailing and great circle sailing,

plane sailing and great circle sailing,

plane sailing and great circle sailing,
the most popular navigation methods, use

the most popular navigation methods, use

the most popular navigation methods, use
plane, not spherical trigonometry.

plane, not spherical trigonometry.

plane, not spherical trigonometry.
Plain sailing is navigating a ship

Plain sailing is navigating a ship

Plain sailing is navigating a ship
making all mathematical calculations on

making all mathematical calculations on

making all mathematical calculations on
the assumption that the earth is

the assumption that the earth is

the assumption that the earth is
perfectly flat. If the earth were in

perfectly flat. If the earth were in

perfectly flat. If the earth were in
fact a sphere, such an errant assumption

fact a sphere, such an errant assumption

fact a sphere, such an errant assumption
would make constantly glaring

would make constantly glaring

would make constantly glaring
inaccuracies, and the necessity for

inaccuracies, and the necessity for

inaccuracies, and the necessity for
using spherical trigonometry would

using spherical trigonometry would

using spherical trigonometry would
become obvious. All distances, whether

become obvious. All distances, whether

become obvious. All distances, whether
they be great or small by sea, rely upon

they be great or small by sea, rely upon

they be great or small by sea, rely upon
ordinary flat earth triangulation

ordinary flat earth triangulation

ordinary flat earth triangulation
calculation. From the highland near

calculation. From the highland near

calculation. From the highland near
Portsouth Harbor in Hampshire, England,

Portsouth Harbor in Hampshire, England,

Portsouth Harbor in Hampshire, England,
looking across the spithead to the aisle

looking across the spithead to the aisle

looking across the spithead to the aisle
of white, the entire base of the island,

of white, the entire base of the island,

of white, the entire base of the island,
where water and land come together,

where water and land come together,

where water and land come together,
makes a perfectly straight line 22

makes a perfectly straight line 22

makes a perfectly straight line 22
statute miles long. According to the

statute miles long. According to the

statute miles long. According to the
ball earth theory, the aisle of white

ball earth theory, the aisle of white

ball earth theory, the aisle of white
should decline 80 ft from the center of

should decline 80 ft from the center of

should decline 80 ft from the center of
each side to account for the necessary

each side to account for the necessary

each side to account for the necessary
curvature. The crosshairs of a good

curvature. The crosshairs of a good

curvature. The crosshairs of a good
theodite directed there, however, have

theodite directed there, however, have

theodite directed there, however, have
repeatedly shown the land and the

repeatedly shown the land and the

repeatedly shown the land and the
waterline perfectly level.

waterline perfectly level.

waterline perfectly level.
Since 2014, when Eric Dubet's book, The

Since 2014, when Eric Dubet's book, The

Since 2014, when Eric Dubet's book, The
Flat Earth Conspiracy, was published,

Flat Earth Conspiracy, was published,

Flat Earth Conspiracy, was published,
hundreds of ordinary people have

hundreds of ordinary people have

hundreds of ordinary people have
conducted experiments all over the

conducted experiments all over the

conducted experiments all over the
world. Anyone can conduct an experiment

world. Anyone can conduct an experiment

world. Anyone can conduct an experiment
without any sophisticated instruments.

without any sophisticated instruments.

without any sophisticated instruments.
Experiments with lasers are common since

Experiments with lasers are common since

Experiments with lasers are common since
lasers can now be purchased easily

lasers can now be purchased easily

lasers can now be purchased easily
online. NASA are aware of these

online. NASA are aware of these

online. NASA are aware of these
arguments too. So why do they not

arguments too. So why do they not

arguments too. So why do they not
address these issues? What do

address these issues? What do

address these issues? What do
astronomers say about all these

astronomers say about all these

astronomers say about all these
anomalies? Astronomers have no answer

anomalies? Astronomers have no answer

anomalies? Astronomers have no answer
within the framework of the ruling

within the framework of the ruling

within the framework of the ruling
paradigm, heliocentricity.

paradigm, heliocentricity.

paradigm, heliocentricity.
Does this show the heliocentric paradigm

Does this show the heliocentric paradigm

Does this show the heliocentric paradigm
fraying at the edges? If so, this may be

fraying at the edges? If so, this may be

fraying at the edges? If so, this may be
a time for change. According to

a time for change. According to

a time for change. According to
philosopher Thomas paradigms need

philosopher Thomas paradigms need

philosopher Thomas paradigms need
to be flexible, ready to incorporate new

to be flexible, ready to incorporate new

to be flexible, ready to incorporate new
learning as it unfolds.

learning as it unfolds.

learning as it unfolds.
NASA reacts by ridiculing anyone who

NASA reacts by ridiculing anyone who

NASA reacts by ridiculing anyone who
considers and supports flat earth

considers and supports flat earth

considers and supports flat earth
arguments, monitoring flat earth

arguments, monitoring flat earth

arguments, monitoring flat earth
literature and media, placing warning

literature and media, placing warning

literature and media, placing warning
signs on all permissible flat earth

signs on all permissible flat earth

signs on all permissible flat earth
videos and books, and forbidding or

videos and books, and forbidding or

videos and books, and forbidding or
banning flat earth videos on YouTube and

banning flat earth videos on YouTube and

banning flat earth videos on YouTube and
in publications.

in publications.

in publications.
Just pretending these anomalies don't

Just pretending these anomalies don't

Just pretending these anomalies don't
exist isn't going to make them go away

exist isn't going to make them go away

exist isn't going to make them go away
and certainly isn't a good look for

and certainly isn't a good look for

and certainly isn't a good look for
NASA. For now, it seems NASA is content

NASA. For now, it seems NASA is content

NASA. For now, it seems NASA is content
ignoring these anomalies, hoping that

ignoring these anomalies, hoping that

ignoring these anomalies, hoping that
flatearthers, like ships at sea, will

flatearthers, like ships at sea, will

flatearthers, like ships at sea, will
one day just disappear over the horizon.