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Adolf Hitler once called him "the iron
heart of the Reich". Cold, brilliant,
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merciless. Reinhard Heydrich was feared not only
by his enemies, but even by his fellow Nazis. As
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the architect of the final solution, his power
stretched across a continent. But in the spring
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of 1942, on a quiet street in Prague, a handful
of resistance fighters dared the impossible to
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strike at the very heart of Nazi terror. What
followed was an assassination that shook the
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Third Reich to its core and triggered one
of the most brutal reprisals of the war.
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This is the story of Reinhard Hydrich. His
rise, his reign of terror and his violent end.
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Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich was born
on March 7, 1904, in the town of Halle,
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situated along the River Saale.
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He was not born into poverty or obscurity — nor,
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ironically, into the military
class. His family were musicians.
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His father, Richard Bruno Heydrich, was
a composer, a professional opera singer,
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and a music educator. Bruno Heydrich was born into
poverty ,His father died when he was very young,
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and his mother — a washerwoman
— raised six children alone.
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But Bruno was gifted — musically,
intellectually, and in ambition.
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Through sheer discipline, he became a singer
and composer. After performing across Europe,
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he returned to Halle and founded the Halle
Conservatory for Music and Theatre in 1901.
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Within three years, it grew from 20 to
190 students. Eleven teachers, assistants,
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and even a secretary joined the staff. His
family living in the grand house above the
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Conservatory. In this rare photo, you can
see Reinhard, his brother, his sister, and
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his mother Elizabeth. Reinhard Heydrich’s mother,
Elisabeth, was a devout Catholic and Piano teacher
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Elisabeth played a decisive role
in shaping her children’s outlook,
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and was particularly strict with Reinhard.
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From the start, he was taught to move, speak,
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and present himself as a model
of national and moral discipline.
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He played the violin with
exceptional skill, eventually
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reaching a concert-level proficiency
that astonished those who heard him.
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Young Reinhard clearly benefited from
the musical talents of his parents.
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Reinhard’s father supported his early interest
in music, and in 1910, when Reinhard was just
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six years old, Bruno took him to a major
musical event at the Halle City Theatre—a
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performance of The Ring of the Nibelung -
the classic music drama of Richard Wagner.
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This experience ignited a lifelong love for
romantic music in Reinhard, especially the
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mythic world portrayed in Wagner’s operas—a deep
passion he would later share with Adolf Hitler.
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Reinhard grew up under a regime of strict
rules and exacting expectations. He was a
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gifted child — particularly in music
and academics. He played the violin
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with near-professional skill and spoke in
formal, high-register German even as a boy.
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His parents pushed him hard —
not out of cruelty, but ambition.
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Despite his later fixation on physical fitness,
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Reinhard Heydrich was a physically weak and
sickly child. He was small, slender, and often
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ill, which led his parents to actively encourage
him to take up all kinds of physical activities
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from an early age—such as swimming, running,
football, sailing, horseback riding, and fencing.
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These efforts laid the foundation for
his lifelong enthusiasm for sports.
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The family typically spent their summer
holidays along the scenic Baltic coast,
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in the upscale seaside resort town of Swinemünde
on Usedom Island. For the Heydrich children,
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these vacations were a highlight of
the year, filled with sightseeing,
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nature walks, boat rides, and
long, joyful days at the beach.
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Heydrich had good relations with his
family, but not with his classmates.
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He was physically thin, blonde,
pale — and often bullied.
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Heydrich's classmates used to tease
him because they found him effeminate.
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They used to bully him relentlessly
because of his high-pitched voice,
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which is why he was nicknamed
Ziege — meaning "the goat."
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This nickname humiliated him. But
he didn’t break — he hardened.
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He withdrew, focused inward,
mastered his music and studies.
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Even in childhood, he showed signs of
cold intelligence and a need for control.
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Reinhard Heydrich's academic performance was
above average, with particularly outstanding
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results in science subjects. As a teenager, he
aspired to become a chemist. At the same time,
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he developed a deep fascination with crime fiction
and spy novels, many of which were serialized
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in newspapers. British and American detective
stories—from Sherlock Holmes to Nick Carter and
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Nat Pinkerton—were wildly popular in Germany and
captured Heydrich’s imagination. It was this very
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addiction to spy novels that would later go on to
completely alter the course of Heydrich’s life.
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In the summer of 1914, while the Heydrich family
was vacationing on the Baltic coast as usual,
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their stable and orderly life was
suddenly disrupted by a major event.
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On June 28, the assassination of
Austrian heir Franz Ferdinand in
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Sarajevo triggered a crisis that would
soon escalate into the First World War.
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For young Reinhard Heydrich, who was just
ten at the time, the full significance of
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what was happening around him was hard
to grasp. He belonged to the “war youth”
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generation—too young to fight, but old enough to
understand that this war was a defining moment
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both for his country and for himself. Even
though no one in his immediate family went
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off to battle, the war was ever-present.
Newspapers and posters glorified military
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successes, classrooms displayed photos
of famous generals and decorated alumni,
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and teachers regularly announced
new victories during assemblies.
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Over time, older students at his school began
disappearing to the frontlines. By June 1915,
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around 80% of the senior-most
boys had volunteered for the army,
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while younger ones like Reinhard waited eagerly
for their chance to follow. For boys his age,
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the war likely felt like a thrilling, far-off
adventure—one they believed Germany would surely
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win, a belief further fueled by the wildly
popular war story magazines aimed at teens.
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But the enthusiasm of the German people quickly
vanished after the shocking realization that
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Germany had lost the war. Up until the fall
of 1918, German propaganda had assured the
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public that victory was near. The Treaty of
Brest-Litovsk, signed earlier that spring
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to seal Germany’s triumph over Russia, only
strengthened the belief that defeating Britain
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and France was just a matter of time. So, when the
armistice was suddenly signed in November 1918,
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it came as a devastating and unexpected blow,
shattering the hopes of countless Germans.
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The abruptness of the Allied victory—just
months after Germany’s initially successful
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spring offensive—left many in disbelief. It
seemed impossible to accept that the German
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military had truly been defeated. This disbelief
gave rise to a powerful and dangerous myth:
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the infamous "stab-in-the-back" legend, which
claimed that Germany's undefeated army had been
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betrayed by disloyal revolutionaries back home.
Germany had lost over 2 million men in action and
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more than 4.1 million soldiers were wounded
out of an overall population of 65 million.
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The country had spent the equivalent
of some $40 billion on the war,
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most of which it had borrowed from its citizens.
In the treaty of Versailles, Germany lost 13% of
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its territory and was required to pay $33 billion
as a war indemnity to the victors. After the war,
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all of Germany plunged into instability. Across
the country, communist and right-wing paramilitary
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groups were violently clashing with each other
— and soon, these violent confrontations reached
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Heydrich's hometown of Halle as well.
The Heydrich family's musical business
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also collapsed, leading to
significant financial losses.
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Reinhard — now a teenager — watched this unfold.
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And though he did not yet join any
movement, his hatred of disorder and
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longing for hierarchy took root.
As a result, Heydrich was now
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about to choose a career path that his
family could never have even imagined.
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In the late spring of 1922, after earning
top marks in his final school exams,
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Reinhard decided to pursue
a career as a naval officer.
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The Heydrichs had mixed feelings about
Reinhard’s career decision. His mother
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felt proud of his ambition to join the
navy, but his father was disappointed
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that his musically gifted son wouldn’t be
continuing the family’s musical legacy. Still,
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Reinhard stood firm. And on April 1st,
1922, he officially began his journey as
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a naval cadet in Kiel, together with
dozens of other cadets of ‘Crew 22’.
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Heydrich remained an isolated loner throughout his
time in Kiel and ‘had no friends among
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the crew’.While it is true that
Heydrich found it difficult to adjust
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to the new environment, the reasons for
his outsider status remain unclear.
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One of his crew colleagues
remembered after the Second World War.
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"Heydrich's appearance was
of remarkable disharmony,
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His limbs somehow did not fit together. A long,
narrow, and much too small head sat on a long
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neck, with short blond hair, a long nose,
mistrustful squinting eyes, that stood very close
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together, and a small mouth, whose gaping
lips he usually pinched together. A long upper
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body with almost apelike arms sat over a deep,
broad pelvis, a husky build with rounded,
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unmuscular legs. He appeared gangly,
somewhat soft and effeminate"
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Heydrich was probably seen as an outsider partly
because of his refined, middle-class upbringing.
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While most naval cadets embraced the tough,
masculine culture of the navy, Heydrich would
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quietly play his violin during his free time—a
gift from his father. This habit made him stand
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out, and not in a good way. His love for music
often became a reason for others to mock him.
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But slowly, Heydrich's position began to
improve. He became a dedicated sailor,
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eventually winning both the Baltic Sea and
North Sea championships. Alongside being
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an exceptional seaman, he also grew into
a skilled sportsperson. Now,Heydrich was
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promoted to second naval liutenant. After his
promotion, He appears to have gained more
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recognition from his colleagues and was
no longer mocked as often. His superiors
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frequently gave him recognition and good
evaluations. With every sign of recognition, his
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zeal increased, and so did his
arrogance . Ambition was undoubtedly
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Heydrich's strongest characteristic.
He wanted to accomplish something and
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others were supposed to be amazed. Now,he was
dreaming to become naval chief or admiral.
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(‘We were all certain that he would
go far in the navy because of his
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ambition and ability. He was never
content with what he had achieved. His
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impulse was always for more; to do
better; to go higher. As a lieutenant he
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was already dreaming of becoming
an admiral.’ - Erich Schultze)
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Although his relationship with the other young
officers improved significantly, Heydrich started
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showing a clear sense of arrogance towards
his subordinates — a trait that would grow
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even more prominent in the 1930s.
On 1 July 1928 Heydrich was
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promoted to first lieutenant,He now
had significantly more free time,
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which he largely devoted to sport, music
and a third area of interest: women.
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he repeatedly sought the company of women whom
he could impress with his officer's uniform,
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his good manners and his musical talents. His
efforts were not without success, as one of his
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fellow officers recalled after the war: ‘He left
an impression more than once,
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particularly on older ladies.’
On 6 December 1930, at a naval ball,
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Heydrich met a woman who would completely alter
the course of his life. Her name was Lina von
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Osten. The moment Heydrich laid eyes on this cute
19-year-old blonde, he was instantly smitten.
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Lina liked Heydrich from the very first meeting.
Never mind that his skull looked like it had been
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assembled with leftover parts—he was 6 foot 3,
athletic, and an officer in the navy. Basically,
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he was a walking Tinder profile. Lina
described Heydrich as ‘tall, manly and
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very self-assured in his uniform’.
In today’s TikTok era, where girls scroll past
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one handsome guy after another and their standards
have shot through the roof, calling Heydrich a
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'weird skull' kind of makes sense. But back in
those days, Heydrich was the full package — tall,
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athletic and in uniform. Basically, a walking
green flag with a slightly dented head.
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Heydrich proposed to Lina, and she said yes.
After that, he started writing her love letters.
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"My dearest, dearest Lina! In the midst of the
hustle and bustle of work and in a great hurry
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before my departure, I wanted you to know
that all my thoughts are with you. And I
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realize now how much I love you. That is
why I am looking forward all the more to
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the life that lies ahead of us. With you I could
endure every sorrow! much love, Your Reinhard "
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Lina was just 19 years old, so of course she
couldn’t marry a guy with a weird-looking
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skull just like that. Heydrich had
to get her parents’ approval first.
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Heydrich went to Lina’s house
to convince her parents.
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Her parents could find no
fault with Heydrich. A smart,
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ambitious naval officer with a seemingly
secure pension and an apparently bright
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career ahead of him was more than the Ostens
might have expected and it suited their image
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of a prospective son-in-law. So they said yes
without any hesitation. The two officially got
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engaged. Now,Heydrich started writing letters
not just to Lina, but to her parents as well.
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"Dear parents-in-law, back in service and hard
at work, I would like to thank you once more
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with all my heart for having received me so
kindly and like a son in your house. I will
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never forget my first days in Lina's childhood
home. I am so grateful to you for your consent
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to our engagement. I realize more and more
every day that it was the right thing to do.
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Lina does not have to resort to secrecy in
Kiel and we can be together often and get to
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know each other better and better without
having to pay attention to the gossip of
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others. Regarding our wedding date, please
please allow us to marry in September. There
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is nothing worse than uncertainty. I would be
very very grateful to you if you could agree
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on September. My parents too will be available
then. Accept my sincere thanks. You're Reinhard."
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Lina thought she’d bagged herself a tall,
athletic navy officer with dreamy love
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letters and a violin on the side — what could
possibly go wrong? Well… everything. Turns out,
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Reinhard Heydrich had more exes than a Game
of Thrones character, and one of them wasn’t
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ready to stay buried in the past. Just as
he was busy writing “forever yours” to Lina,
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a ghost from his romantic graveyard rose
up — and she wasn’t sending best wishes.
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Heydrich had the announcement of his
and Lina’s engagement published in
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the newspaper. Back in the early
1900s and even mid-20th century,
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it was quite common, especially among middle
or upper-class families in Europe and America,
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to publish engagement announcements in local or
national newspapers. It was a way to publicly
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declare the engagement, also a status symbol
If it had happened today, Reinhard might’ve
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simply uploaded a polished photo to Instagram,
captioned it '💍 Engaged!', and tagged Lina.
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Heydrich had officially gotten engaged
to Lina and even sent out a newspaper
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announcement to his friends and acquaintances.
But one of the people who received it was a
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young woman from Berlin—someone Heydrich had
met at a ball more than six months earlier.
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They had grown very close and even shared
a physical relationship. They visited each
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other in Berlin and Kiel, and the woman
believed that she was engaged to Heydrich.
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But when she saw the engagement notice in the
newspaper—with someone else’s name on it—her world
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came crashing down. Devastated and humiliated,
the poor woman suffered a nervous breakdown.
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We don’t know her name, but we do
know one important detail—her father
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had strong connections with
senior officers in the Navy.
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When he found out what had happened, he used
those connections to file a complaint against
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Heydrich. And just like that, Heydrich
was about to land in serious trouble.
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Because of this complaint,Heydrich was tried in
a military court and was kicked out of the navy.
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Breaking off an engagement was clearly a violation
of the officer corps’ code of conduct, but it
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wasn’t a serious enough offence to get someone
kicked out automatically . The whole embarrassing
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incident could have easily been dismissed as
little more than a personal misunderstanding
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or perhaps just some girl’s tale. However,
Heydrich’s arrogant attitude pushed things
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too far and ultimately got him into real trouble.
Rather than owning up to his actions and accepting
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a minor punishment, Heydrich chose to shift
the blame. He claimed it was the woman who had
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initiated their physical relationship and flatly
denied ever making any promise of marriage. His
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dismissive attitude toward their affair, and
the way he trivialized it, only served to
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irritate the court officials further. Heydrich
wasn’t dismissed because of the affair itself,
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but because of how he behaved in court. He didn’t
have the courage to admit the truth, take the
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blame, or defend the woman—and that’s what got
him kicked out,not the actual offence itself.
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On 30 April 1931 Heydrich's promising
naval career came to an abrupt
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and unexpected end.
Initially, Heydrich hoped he might be reinstated,
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but his official appeal to Reich President Paul
von Hindenburg was rejected. Heydrich was suddenly
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confronted by the grim reality of being unemployed
in 1931, in the midst of the Great Depression. His
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future looked Gloomy. He locked himself in his
room and cried for days in rage and self-pity.
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Lina remembered after the war,
“Discharge from the Navy was
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the heaviest blow of his life. It
wasn’t about losing his salary—it
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was the pain of losing the career he
had completely dedicated himself to.”
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But even after everything that had happened,
Lina did not leave Heydrich’s side. (Lina refused
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to break the engagement)
In her heart, she had made a
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vow — if she were ever to marry, it would be
Reinhard Heydrich… and no one else." 'Behind
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every successful man, there is a woman.'
In Heydrich's case, it was going to be,
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'Behind every successful evil
man, there is an evil woman"
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Lina was a staunch anti-Semite and
a committed Nazi. Don’t let Lina’s
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sweet little face fool you — behind that
angelic smile was a hardcore Nazi fangirl.
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however, Heydrich lacked any interest in
political parties. He hadn’t even heard
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of Hitler’s Mein Kampf, and would often crack
jokes about the Nazi leader, calling him just a
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‘Bohemian corporal.’ As for Goebbels, he mocked
him too — referring to him as ‘that cripple'.
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You might be surprised to know
that even Heydrich’s former
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naval colleagues described him as a liberal.
But Lina was friends with Karl von Eberstein,
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a high-ranking officer in the Nazi
Party. Through him, she managed to
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arrange an interview between the unemployed
Heydrich and SS chief Heinrich Himmler.
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At first, Heydrich himself seemed unsure about
joining the Nazis, but Lina encouraged him to
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seriously consider the opportunity. It was
only when Eberstein offered him the prospect
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of an elevated position at the Nazi Party
headquarters that Heydrich finally agreed.
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The possibility of an elevated position
existed because Himmler was planning to
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create an intelligence department within the
SS, and he needed competent people for it.
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The previously mostly apolitical Heydrich — who
hadn’t even read Mein Kampf or heard of the SS
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before — was now about to step into the most
radical paramilitary wing of Hitler’s movement.
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He followed that path not out of deep ideological
conviction, but because Nazism offered him the
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opportunity to return to a structured life in
uniform, providing along with it a sense of
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purpose and a way of regaining the confidence
of Lina and her family of devoted Nazis.
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On 14 June 1931, the date of
Heydrich’s interview finally arrived.
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Himmler, unsurprisingly, was immediately impressed
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the moment he first laid eyes on Heydrich.
Heydrich had blonde hair, piercing blue eyes,
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stood 6 feet 3 inches tall, and was
physically well-built — exactly the
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kind of man the Nazis were looking for
to fit their Aryan race propaganda.
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Himmler informed Heydrich about his plans to
develop an intelligence service within the SS.
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To evaluate his potential, Himmler asked him
to sketch out an organizational structure for
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this proposed SS intelligence agency—and
gave him just twenty minutes to do it.
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Heydrich had no prior training
in espionage. But relying on bits
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and pieces he’d picked up from reading cheap
crime thrillers and spy novels over the years,
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he quickly put together a plan, dressing it
up in formal military language. Ironically,
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this basic understanding still exceeded Himmler’s
own knowledge. Impressed by Heydrich’s response,
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Himmler decided to hire him on the spot.
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The fact that Heydrich chose a
role in the SS instead of any
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of the better-paid jobs that were on
offer was due to a number of factors:
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his desire to impress his wife and her family with
a job in the political movement they supported,
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The role also had a military-like structure,
which appealed to his background. Most of all,
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it offered him an exciting role within a
radical organization that openly rejected
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the very political system he believed had
unfairly ended his promising naval career.
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At that point in time, the SS was still a small
and relatively unimportant unit. It had originally
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been formed as Hitler’s personal bodyguard
following his release from Landsberg Prison,
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where he had spent much of 1924 due to his failed
coup attempt in Munich the year before. Initially,
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the SS operated under the command of the SA and
remained a subordinate group for several years.
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However, it soon began to view itself as an
elite formation—Hitler’s loyal guard of honour,
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fiercely dedicated to him and the Nazi cause.
Heydrich thus joined the SS at an important
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turning point in its history, which partly helps
to explain the organization's appeal for him.
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The SS promised a career in uniform and the
opportunity for rapid advancement within a still
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malleable body that promoted revolutionary
views for the reordering of Germany. Even
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if the pay was modest, the new activity offered
Heydrich, as an ardent reader of crime fiction,
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a job in an elite organization that
boosted his shaken self-confidence.
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Heydrich, still new and lacking street
credibility, had to prove himself through
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direct confrontation. He did so in brutal street
battles against communists and social democrats.
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During these raids, small SS motor squads would
storm political meetings and vanish before the
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police could react. Heydrich quickly gained a
fearsome reputation as the leader of one such
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unit. In Hamburg's communist circles,
he became known as the blonde beast.
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a name earned by the ruthless efficiency and
military precision of his commando group.
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Then After some months, Heydrich returned to
Munich to take up his new position at the Nazi
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Party headquarters — the infamous Brown House —
where Himmler officially appointed him as the head
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of the SS’s newly envisioned intelligence
division: the Sicherheitsdienst, or SD.
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In its earliest form, the SD had
a clear twofold mission. First,
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to gather intelligence on political opponents —
especially the Communists (KPD) and the Social
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Democrats (SPD). But second — and far
more sensitive — was to root out police
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informers and undercover Communist agents hiding
within the Nazi Party itself. This latter task
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would repeatedly land the SD in trouble, as it
walked a fine line between loyalty and paranoia.
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Yet for all its future infamy, the
SD’s origins were humble. In fact,
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it began as a one-man operation. Reinhard Heydrich
was the SD’s sole employee — investigator, clerk,
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analyst, and typist all in one. With almost no
budget, he set up a primitive index-card system
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to record the names and affiliations
of suspected enemies of the party.
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He didn’t even have his own office or
equipment. Heydrich had to share a desk,
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and even a typewriter, with Richard
Hildebrandt, chief of staff of the tiny
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SS Division South. But from that cramped
room in the Brown House, Heydrich began
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laying the foundation for a secret police
apparatus that would one day terrorize Europe.
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Heydrich worked 18 hours a day,
obsessively. He didn’t leave the
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office. He barely slept. Every file was
a puzzle. Every whisper a potential lead.
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In time, the SD grew. Informants were recruited.
Files multiplied. Operations expanded. But in
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00:28:01,280 --> 00:28:07,840
those early days, it was Heydrich alone, driven by
humiliation, vengeance, and ambition. What started
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as a desk in a shared room soon evolved into the
Nazi Party’s most feared intelligence machine.
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By the end of 1931, Heydrich had stabilized his
career and secured his financial footing to such
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a degree that he was finally able to marry
his long-time fiancée. On 26 December 1931,
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the weird skull and the blonde Nazi
fangirl were officially married.
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To mark the happy occasion, Himmler promoted
Heydrich to SS- Sturmbannführer (major) – just
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seven days after his promotion to SS
Hauptsturmführer (captain). In just
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fifteen months since joining the SS, Heydrich
had already surpassed the rank he once held in
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the navy. Even if being a naval officer remained
more prestigious than an SS career at this point,
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Heydrich must have felt that
his life was back on track.
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In June 1932, Heydrich's SD (Security
Service) grew even stronger. As a result,
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Himmler promoted him to the rank of SS Colonel.
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Heydrich's rapid rise in the SS
hierarchy and his scarcely disguised
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ambition earned him many enemies.
By June 1932, whispers turned to
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accusations — the old rumor about his
supposed Jewish ancestry resurfaced
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with a vengeance. This time, it
posed a serious threat. After all,
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Heydrich was now a rising star in a political
movement that was built on staunch antisemitism.
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The rumor originated from Halle, his
hometown. Local Nazi Party members,
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likely envious of his rapid ascent, fanned the
flames. On 6 June, the Gauleiter of Halle Rudolf
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Jordan, formally wrote to the Party’s
organizational chief, Gregor Strasser,
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raising a pointed concern. He mentioned ‘a party
member with the name of Heydrich whose father
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00:29:59,520 --> 00:30:04,080
lives in Halle. There is reason to assume
that his father, Bruno Heydrich, is
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a Jew.’
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Alarmed, Strasser handed the case to Dr. Achim
Gercke, the Nazi Party’s chief genealogist
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and head of their “Information Office.”
Less than two weeks later, on 22 June,
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Gercke responded. His report cleared Heydrich
completely: he was “of German origin and free
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00:30:23,040 --> 00:30:29,600
from any trace of colored or Jewish blood.”
Gercke dismissed the claims as slander and took
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full responsibility for the assessment, even
offering to defend it in court if necessary.
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Despite this clarification, Heydrich
was deeply shaken by the re- emergence
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of the damaging rumours only a year
after his dismissal from the navy,
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rumours that threatened his carefully
rebuilt professional existence. Partly as
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a result of this embarrassing and potentially
career-terminating episode, Heydrich devoted
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great energy to his work in the summer of
1932. His ambitions continued to be vast.
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00:31:02,240 --> 00:31:07,040
The rumour that Reinhard Heydrich had
Jewish ancestry started because of a
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00:31:07,040 --> 00:31:12,880
misunderstanding around his family name.
In a 1916 edition of a music encyclopedia,
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Heydrich’s father Bruno
was listed as "Bruno Süss".
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Süss was the surname of Bruno’s stepfather, not
Bruno’s biological father. The word "Süss" sounded
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Jewish to many people, especially in a society
obsessed with racial purity like Nazi Germany.
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But in reality, Süss was not a Jewish name in
this case, and it didn't come from a Jewish
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family. But in an anti-Semitic environment, even
this kind of mix-up could cause serious problems.
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Because of this, many people wrongly assumed that
Reinhard had Jewish blood. The rumour had existed
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since his childhood, where some of his classmates
used to mock him by calling him “the White Jew” or
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00:31:58,400 --> 00:32:04,640
“White Moses.” These were meant as insults, based
on nothing more than stereotypes and jealousy.
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Anyways, In 1933 The Nazis seized power—and almost
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00:32:09,200 --> 00:32:12,320
immediately unleashed a wave
of suppression and violence.
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But Reinhard Heydrich didn’t play a major
role in the initial street-level terror
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that swept Berlin. Instead, he watched
from the sidelines—calculating, waiting,
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and plotting his next move: to take control
of the very machinery of the German state.
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Under the old Weimar Republic, Germany had no
unified police system. Each state maintained its
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own law enforcement agencies—a fragmented system
ripe for exploitation. Heydrich and his superior,
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Heinrich Himmler, saw this as an opportunity. But
to transform it, they needed to centralize power,
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uniting the various state and local police
forces under a single command—the SS.
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They began with Bavaria, one of Germany’s largest
and most influential states. Its capital, Munich,
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was the birthplace of Nazism. But the regional
government remained hesitant to accept full Nazi
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control. That hesitation quickly vanished
after consistent threats of violence were
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made against local officials. Ultimately,
Bavaria folded, recognizing Hitler's authority.
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With the political resistance crushed, Heydrich
took over the Bavarian political police,
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reorganizing it according to SS
principles. Under his command,
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the police began rounding up communists,
Social Democrats, union leaders, and Jews.
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Many were sent to newly built
concentration camps like Dachau.
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And Bavaria was just the beginning.
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One by one, Heydrich and Himmler bullied and
coerced other German states into accepting
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Nazi control. As each state submitted, its police
forces were absorbed by the SS. By summer 1934,
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the only major law enforcement body
not under SS control was in Prussia.
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This wasn't because prussia was
reluctant to accept the nazis. In fact,
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its State president Herman Goering was
a leading member of the Nazi party. The
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real issue was power. Göring commanded
Prussia’s secret police—the Gestapo—and
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he had no intention of handing
it over to Himmler and Heydrich.
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However, Göring found himself caught between two
dangerous forces: the SS, growing more powerful by
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the day, and Ernst Röhm, the head of the unruly
SA stormtroopers. Röhm had become increasingly
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volatile, even threatening a second revolution
to purge so-called "traitors" within the party.
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As tensions escalated, Göring caved to pressure
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and reluctantly surrendered
control of the Gestapo.
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It wasn’t just Göring—Hitler himself feared that
Röhm, backed by nearly 3 million men in the SA,
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might one day overthrow him. Even the German Army
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was growing increasingly alarmed by Röhm’s
ambitions and the SA’s growing influence
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On April 22, 1934, 30-year-old Reinhard
Heydrich was appointed acting head of the
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Gestapo. The SS now had the political police
in its hands—and it was time to deal with Röhm.
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Heydrich moved quickly. He allegedly fabricated
a dossier, accusing Röhm of plotting a coup. The
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evidence, real or not, was convincing enough for
Hitler. Heydrich drew up hit lists, and between
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June 30 and July 2, 1934, the SS struck in what
became known as the Night of the Long Knives.
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Hundreds of SA leaders were arrested and
executed—including Ernst Röhm himself. And
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mind you, Ernst Röhm was also the godfather of
Heydrich’s child. Despite this personal bond,
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Heydrich showed no hesitation when it
came to orchestrating Röhm’s downfall
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With the SA destroyed, the SS
emerged as the dominant power,
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and the Gestapo became its weapon.
From this moment on, Heydrich and
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Himmler controlled the entire law
enforcement apparatus of Nazi Germany.
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People of the same blood
should be in the same Reich.”
383
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Hitler’s dream was to unite Germany and Austria —
two nations he believed were destined to be one.
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And on March 12th, 1938, that
dream turned into reality.
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00:36:38,480 --> 00:36:42,960
As tensions across Europe reached
a breaking point, Hitler made his
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00:36:42,960 --> 00:36:50,400
move—he annexed Austria. On March 12th,
1938, German troops marched into Vienna,
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00:36:50,400 --> 00:36:57,040
forcing the Austrian chancellor to step down.
This event would later be called the Anschluss.
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00:36:57,040 --> 00:37:04,160
Soon after, Heydrich’s SD and Gestapo began
cleaning house. They arrested anyone who might
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00:37:04,160 --> 00:37:11,040
stand in the way—Communists, supporters of the
old government, and royalists. In just a few days,
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00:37:11,040 --> 00:37:17,600
they detained over 21,000 people, most of whom
were sent straight to concentration camps.
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00:37:17,600 --> 00:37:23,520
After the Anschluss, Hitler set his sights on
Czechoslovakia — particularly the Sudetenland,
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00:37:23,520 --> 00:37:25,840
a German-speaking border region.
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00:37:25,840 --> 00:37:30,080
He claimed he was protecting
ethnic Germans. But in truth,
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00:37:30,080 --> 00:37:33,600
it was part of a larger plan
to dominate Eastern Europe.
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00:37:33,600 --> 00:37:39,520
In September 1938, under pressure from Hitler
and with the infamous Munich Agreement,
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00:37:39,520 --> 00:37:44,000
Britain and France handed over
the Sudetenland without a fight.
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00:37:44,000 --> 00:37:47,200
But Hitler wasn’t satisfied.
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Just a few months later, in March
1939, Nazi forces invaded the rest of
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00:37:52,960 --> 00:37:59,920
Czechoslovakia. The country was torn apart —
the Slovak Republic became a puppet state,
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00:37:59,920 --> 00:38:04,960
and the remaining lands were turned into
the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia,
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00:38:04,960 --> 00:38:07,680
directly governed by the Nazis.
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00:38:07,680 --> 00:38:14,320
Once again, Heydrich's men swept in. His
SS and Gestapo forces crushed resistance
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00:38:14,320 --> 00:38:20,880
in Prague just as they had done in Vienna. But
these repressive crackdowns weren’t the main
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00:38:20,880 --> 00:38:29,600
act—they were just the warm-up. The real test
for Heydrich's cruelty came next—in Poland.
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00:38:29,600 --> 00:38:34,480
As Germany prepared for war,
Heydrich was given two major tasks.
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00:38:34,480 --> 00:38:39,520
First, his SD units were to engage
in small scale border skirmishes
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00:38:39,520 --> 00:38:43,760
immediately before the planned Invasion
which would give Hitler a pretext for
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00:38:43,760 --> 00:38:48,880
invading Poland. Essentially heydrich
was leading a false flag operation.
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00:38:48,880 --> 00:38:55,760
Second, Hitler wanted the Polish elite completely
wiped out. This became Operation Tannenberg,
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00:38:55,760 --> 00:39:00,800
a secret plan to destroy Poland’s
leadership and spirit. Heydrich
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00:39:00,800 --> 00:39:06,400
created a list of 61,000 prominent
Poles to be tracked down and killed.
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00:39:06,400 --> 00:39:11,760
This list included intellectuals, religious
leaders, politicians, Jews, and Communists.
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00:39:11,760 --> 00:39:17,680
To carry this out, Heydrich turned to
his Einsatzgruppen—brutal squads of SS
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00:39:17,680 --> 00:39:22,720
and Gestapo members. Originally formed
during the Czechoslovakian takeover,
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00:39:22,720 --> 00:39:27,680
these units now had one purpose: mass executions.
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00:39:27,680 --> 00:39:35,920
Within weeks of the invasion, 2,000 Einsatzgruppen
soldiers murdered over 16,000 civilians. And
417
00:39:35,920 --> 00:39:42,960
according to historian Volker Ullrich, that number
would rise to 40,000 by the end of the year.
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00:39:42,960 --> 00:39:48,160
This was a turning point. Heydrich
wasn’t just locking people up—he was
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00:39:48,160 --> 00:39:54,160
ordering mass killings. And he was doing
it with speed and precision. This wasn’t
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00:39:54,160 --> 00:40:00,000
just about loyalty to Hitler—it seemed like
Heydrich was starting to enjoy the bloodshed.
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Some say he was trying to make up for
his past failures in the navy. Others
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00:40:04,880 --> 00:40:10,400
believe he saw extreme violence as a
way to cement his power inside the SS.
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00:40:10,400 --> 00:40:15,920
But one thing was certain—Operation
Tannenberg was the moment Heydrich truly
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00:40:15,920 --> 00:40:20,560
became what Hitler later called:
"The Man with the Iron Heart."
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00:40:20,560 --> 00:40:27,440
A man so evil, that Hitler called
him the man with the iron heart.
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00:40:27,440 --> 00:40:32,800
The interval has arrived — so if you’re still
watching this video till now, Comment "I love
427
00:40:32,800 --> 00:40:38,320
you Roger" below. Dropping this comment
will motivate me to keep making these long,
428
00:40:38,320 --> 00:40:43,440
highly researched videos. It’ll also let me
know that people actually watch these long
429
00:40:43,440 --> 00:40:50,640
documentaries. So don’t forget to comment: "I love
you Roger". Now, let’s get back to our story."
430
00:40:50,640 --> 00:40:55,600
As war raged across Europe, the Nazi
leadership recognized a growing need
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00:40:55,600 --> 00:41:01,680
to tighten their grip—not just over Germany,
but over the lands they were about to conquer.
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00:41:01,680 --> 00:41:05,600
They needed order. Ruthless
and centralized control.
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00:41:05,600 --> 00:41:08,480
And so, just weeks after the invasion of Poland,
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00:41:08,480 --> 00:41:14,640
the Nazi regime created something
entirely new… something terrifying.
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00:41:14,640 --> 00:41:19,200
On September 27th, 1939, the
Nazis officially established
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00:41:19,200 --> 00:41:26,560
the RSHA—Reichssicherheitshauptamt,
or the Reich Main Security Office.
437
00:41:26,560 --> 00:41:32,560
Its goal was simple: centralize all of Nazi
Germany’s security and intelligence services
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00:41:32,560 --> 00:41:40,160
into one powerful organization—one that would
answer only to Himmler and, ultimately, Hitler.
439
00:41:40,160 --> 00:41:45,360
And to lead it… they chose Reinhard
Heydrich. Heddrich was already feared
440
00:41:45,360 --> 00:41:50,560
as the head of the SD and the
Gestapo. But now with the RSHA,
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00:41:50,560 --> 00:41:56,320
he was given authority over far more than
just surveillance. Under his control,
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00:41:56,320 --> 00:42:04,080
the RSHA combined the SD, the Gestapo,
the Kripo, or German Criminal Police and
443
00:42:04,080 --> 00:42:09,200
several smaller agencies, all responsible for
investigation, racial policy and enforcement.
444
00:42:09,200 --> 00:42:15,280
This meant that Heydrich now had eyes everywhere
- in cities, in villages, in concentration camps,
445
00:42:15,280 --> 00:42:21,440
in military zones, even within the Nazi
party itself. Every whisper of resistance,
446
00:42:21,440 --> 00:42:27,840
every act of defiance, every citizen deemed a
threat to the Reich was now under Heydrich's
447
00:42:27,840 --> 00:42:34,800
jurisdiction. And this wasn't just power, it was
total surveillance. With the creation of the RSHA,
448
00:42:34,800 --> 00:42:41,680
Reinhard Heydrich became the single most powerful
figure in the entire Nazi security apparatus. He
449
00:42:41,680 --> 00:42:49,360
was no longer just the man behind the curtain.
He was the man watching the entire stage.
450
00:42:49,360 --> 00:42:55,760
In the spring of 1941, Heydrich was informed
about Operation Barbarossa—the Nazi plan to
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00:42:55,760 --> 00:43:01,600
launch a surprise invasion of the Soviet Union.
Hitler believed that by striking quickly,
452
00:43:01,600 --> 00:43:08,240
he could crush the Soviets, dominate the entire
European continent, and finally defeat Britain.
453
00:43:08,240 --> 00:43:14,720
But this wasn’t just a military campaign—it
was a war of ideologies. Hitler knew that a
454
00:43:14,720 --> 00:43:20,080
war against the Communists was going to be a war
of ideologies which required total annihilation
455
00:43:20,080 --> 00:43:27,280
of one side or the other. Hitler saw communism
and the Soviet system as an existential threat.
456
00:43:27,280 --> 00:43:30,640
He believed the only way
to destroy An ideology was
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00:43:30,640 --> 00:43:36,960
through absolute brutality and Hydrich's
einsatzgruppen was ideal for the task.
458
00:43:36,960 --> 00:43:41,520
In preparation for the invasion, Heydrich
issued deliberately vague orders to his
459
00:43:41,520 --> 00:43:46,800
men. He simply told them to target,
quote, “all Jews in the service of the
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00:43:46,800 --> 00:43:51,600
Communist Party and the state.” That
was all the green light they needed.
461
00:43:51,600 --> 00:43:59,520
On June 22, 1941, around four million Axis
troops crossed into the Soviet Union in what
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00:43:59,520 --> 00:44:05,840
would become the largest land invasion in human
history. And as the army pushed east, Heydrich’s
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00:44:05,840 --> 00:44:13,600
Einsatzgruppen followed close behind—Unleashing
a wave of Terror throughout the Soviet union.
464
00:44:13,600 --> 00:44:20,400
The Einsatzgruppen killed approximately 1.3
to 1.5 million people in the Soviet Union.
465
00:44:20,400 --> 00:44:26,880
One of the most infamous atrocities occurred
in Babi Yar, just outside of kyiv. Over the
466
00:44:26,880 --> 00:44:34,080
course of two days,an einsatzgruppen unit
murdered 33,000 Jews in a nearby ravine.
467
00:44:34,080 --> 00:44:40,080
While Reinhard Heydrich’s Einsatzgruppen were
unleashing a wave of terror across the Soviet
468
00:44:40,080 --> 00:44:47,680
Union, on the other side of the frontlines,
Heydrich himself was flying combat missions.
469
00:44:47,680 --> 00:44:52,640
Yes—apart from being a failed naval
officer and a brutal Nazi leader,
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00:44:52,640 --> 00:44:56,160
Heydrich also considered himself a fighter pilot.
471
00:44:56,160 --> 00:45:00,480
During the earlier Norwegian campaign, he
had already flown several reconnaissance
472
00:45:00,480 --> 00:45:04,640
and support missions, craving
recognition as a man of action,
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00:45:04,640 --> 00:45:10,800
not just a desk-bound bureaucrat. And in
1941, as Operation Barbarossa unfolded,
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00:45:10,800 --> 00:45:16,640
Heydrich insisted on taking to the skies
once again—this time, over Soviet territory.
475
00:45:16,640 --> 00:45:20,800
But during one of those missions,
his aircraft was shot down.
476
00:45:20,800 --> 00:45:26,320
Somehow, he survived the crash and managed
to escape before Soviet forces could capture
477
00:45:26,320 --> 00:45:32,160
him. It was a narrow escape—and
it shook the Nazi high command.
478
00:45:32,160 --> 00:45:35,360
Heinrich Himmler was furious. He ordered Heydrich
479
00:45:35,360 --> 00:45:39,360
to stop flying immediately.
He was too valuable to lose.
480
00:45:39,360 --> 00:45:45,280
But this episode revealed something crucial
about Heydrich’s personality—his recklessness,
481
00:45:45,280 --> 00:45:49,920
his thirst for adventure, and his
relentless ambition. He didn’t just
482
00:45:49,920 --> 00:45:56,720
want to be feared as a ruthless strategist.
He wanted to prove himself a warrior too.
483
00:45:56,720 --> 00:46:00,480
It was this dangerous mix—of intellect, cruelty,
484
00:46:00,480 --> 00:46:05,200
and boldness—that made Heydrich one of
the deadliest men in the Third Reich.
485
00:46:05,200 --> 00:46:19,760
But this very reckless spirit of adventure would
ultimately become the cause of Heydrich’s death.
486
00:46:19,760 --> 00:46:27,520
After Germany invaded Czechoslovakia in March
1939, Hitler split the country into two parts.
487
00:46:27,520 --> 00:46:34,400
The first was the Slovak Republic, a puppet
state under the control of the Nazis with Josef
488
00:46:34,400 --> 00:46:40,480
Tiso installed as its president. The second
was the protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia,
489
00:46:40,480 --> 00:46:46,960
which was placed under direct Nazi rule. This
region was strategically important to Hitler,
490
00:46:46,960 --> 00:46:52,640
not just politically, but economically
as well. Bohemia and Moravia were rich
491
00:46:52,640 --> 00:46:58,240
in raw materials that were crucial for the
German war effort, including coal, iron,
492
00:46:58,240 --> 00:47:03,760
steel, and other industrial resources.
It also had a strong manufacturing base,
493
00:47:03,760 --> 00:47:09,760
especially in arms and machinery, which the Nazis
quickly absorbed into their military economy.
494
00:47:09,760 --> 00:47:14,480
At first, Hitler appointed Konstantin
von Neurath, a conservative diplomat,
495
00:47:14,480 --> 00:47:20,560
to oversee the area. But Neurath was too
soft for Hitler's liking. He tried to
496
00:47:20,560 --> 00:47:25,760
maintain order using traditional
means—diplomacy, compromise,
497
00:47:25,760 --> 00:47:33,920
and minimal violence. The result? Strikes,
sabotage, and growing Czech resistance.
498
00:47:33,920 --> 00:47:38,400
By 1941, Hitler had had enough. He needed someone
499
00:47:38,400 --> 00:47:42,880
ruthless—someone who would crush
resistance without hesitation.
500
00:47:43,440 --> 00:47:47,680
And so, he turned to Reinhard Heydrich.
501
00:47:47,680 --> 00:47:54,080
Heydrich already had a reputation as one of the
most feared men in the Third Reich. He was brutal,
502
00:47:54,080 --> 00:48:00,800
loyal, and efficient. Hitler believed Heydrich
could do what von Neurath couldn’t: break the will
503
00:48:00,800 --> 00:48:07,440
of the Czech people and turn the Protectorate
into a model of Nazi order and productivity.
504
00:48:07,440 --> 00:48:14,160
In September 1941, Heydrich was appointed
Acting Reich Protector of Bohemia and
505
00:48:14,160 --> 00:48:20,000
Moravia. From the moment he arrived
in Prague, he ruled with an iron fist.
506
00:48:20,000 --> 00:48:25,920
He executed over 400 people in his first
few months, targeting resistance members,
507
00:48:25,920 --> 00:48:31,040
intellectuals, and anyone suspected
of disloyalty. Thousands more were
508
00:48:31,040 --> 00:48:36,640
arrested and sent to concentration
camps. Streets were silenced by fear.
509
00:48:37,360 --> 00:48:43,840
And yet, alongside the terror, Heydrich
improved food rations and working conditions—not
510
00:48:43,840 --> 00:48:49,520
out of compassion, but to keep the Czech
factories running for the Nazi war effort.
511
00:48:49,520 --> 00:48:56,000
On 20 January 1942, Heydrich summoned a
secret conference of high ranking Nazi
512
00:48:56,000 --> 00:49:04,080
officials at Wansee. After this conference,
the tragic fate of millions of Jews was sealed.
513
00:49:04,720 --> 00:49:12,000
But Heydrich may have also triggered an ancient
curse. In Prague Castle, kept under heavy guard,
514
00:49:12,000 --> 00:49:14,560
lay the Crown of Saint Wenceslas — part
of the Bohemian Crown Jewels. According
515
00:49:14,560 --> 00:49:18,400
to Czech legend, any usurper
who dares to place the crown
516
00:49:18,400 --> 00:49:25,440
on their head — someone unworthy of the
Bohemian throne — will die within a year.
517
00:49:25,440 --> 00:49:32,000
The legend dates back centuries and is tied
to St. Wenceslas, the patron saint of Bohemia.
518
00:49:32,000 --> 00:49:37,520
The crown is said to be sacred — a divine
symbol of Czech sovereignty. To wear it
519
00:49:37,520 --> 00:49:43,200
unlawfully is not only treasonous… but fatal.
It is rumored — even believed by many — that
520
00:49:43,200 --> 00:49:48,560
Heydrich, in a moment of arrogance or mockery,
privately wore the Crown of Saint Wenceslas
521
00:49:48,560 --> 00:49:55,840
while alone inside Prague Castle. There were no
witnesses, but whispers of the act spread quickly.
522
00:49:56,400 --> 00:50:02,720
If true, it would mean that he had fulfilled
the exact condition of the ancient curse:
523
00:50:02,720 --> 00:50:08,800
an unworthy ruler placing the sacred Bohemian
crown on his head. And just as the legend
524
00:50:08,800 --> 00:50:16,240
warned — any such man would die within a year.
And in Heydrich’s case… the curse didn’t miss
525
00:50:16,240 --> 00:50:21,200
Because Heydrich’s reign of terror
in Prague had not gone unnoticed.
526
00:50:21,200 --> 00:50:25,200
Back in Britain, the Czechoslovak
government-in-exile, led by President
527
00:50:25,200 --> 00:50:30,560
Edvard Beneš, had been closely watching the
Protectorate’s suffering. They knew that to
528
00:50:30,560 --> 00:50:38,560
inspire hope at home and prove their loyalty to
the Allies, they needed to strike a decisive blow.
529
00:50:38,560 --> 00:50:43,840
Something that would send a message not
just to the Nazis, but to the world.
530
00:50:43,840 --> 00:50:50,240
And so, a daring plan was born.
The plan was simple. assassinate
531
00:50:50,240 --> 00:50:56,880
Reinhard Heydrich, the most powerful Nazi in
occupied Europe. The operation would be called
532
00:50:56,880 --> 00:51:04,080
Anthropoid. To carry it out, the Czech government
in exile turned to the British Special Operations
533
00:51:04,080 --> 00:51:11,360
Executive, the SOE. The SOE trained exiled
soldiers from Czechoslovakia in sabotage,
534
00:51:11,360 --> 00:51:18,400
explosives, guerrilla tactics, and silent killing.
The original plan was to send Joseph Gabchik, a
535
00:51:18,400 --> 00:51:24,640
Slovak, and Karel Svoboda, a Czech staff sergeant.
They were chosen for the mission on October 28th,
536
00:51:24,640 --> 00:51:32,640
1941, Czechoslovakia's independence day. A
symbolic date meant to echo National Defiance.
537
00:51:32,640 --> 00:51:38,560
But before deployment, Svoboda suffered a head
injury during training. He had to be replaced, the
538
00:51:38,560 --> 00:51:45,360
new candidate, Jan Kubish, a Czech artilleryman.
But Kubish hadn't completed his training, nor had
539
00:51:45,360 --> 00:51:51,360
his false identity documents been prepared. The
mission was delayed. Finally, when everything was
540
00:51:51,360 --> 00:51:56,240
in place, these two men were selected for what
would become one of the most daring operations
541
00:51:56,240 --> 00:52:04,400
of the war. 30-year-old Joseph Gabchik and
27-year-old Jan Kubish. Gabčík had served in
542
00:52:04,400 --> 00:52:11,520
the Czechoslovak army and was known for his sharp
mind and technical skills. Kubiš had fought in the
543
00:52:11,520 --> 00:52:19,360
artillery, with frontline experience and nerves of
steel. Both had already resisted the Nazis — first
544
00:52:19,360 --> 00:52:25,440
during the occupation of Czechoslovakia, and
later in France. Both had escaped to Britain,
545
00:52:25,440 --> 00:52:31,360
and both understood one thing: this was a
mission with almost no chance of survival.
546
00:52:31,360 --> 00:52:37,600
They had no illusions of returning to London,
or even surviving in Prague. But if Heydrich’s
547
00:52:37,600 --> 00:52:44,400
death could weaken Nazi control over Europe,
the mission was worth it. Heydrich had to die.
548
00:52:44,400 --> 00:52:47,360
After weeks of brutal training, they were ready.
549
00:52:47,360 --> 00:52:52,560
On the freezing night of December 28th,
1941, a British Halifax bomber roared
550
00:52:52,560 --> 00:52:57,920
over Czechoslovakia, flying low to
avoid detection. At around 2 a.m.,
551
00:52:57,920 --> 00:53:03,120
Gabčík and Kubiš parachuted into the
darkness, aiming for a location near Plzeň.
552
00:53:03,120 --> 00:53:06,320
But immediately, everything went wrong.
553
00:53:06,320 --> 00:53:13,120
A snowstorm raged below. The drop zone
was missed. The two agents landed 75 miles
554
00:53:13,120 --> 00:53:18,480
off-target. And worse—Gabčík misjudged
his landing and badly injured his ankle
555
00:53:18,480 --> 00:53:24,400
on the frozen ground. He could barely walk,
relying on Kubiš’s help just to stay upright.
556
00:53:24,400 --> 00:53:31,840
They were lost, exposed, and vulnerable.
In deep snow, any Gestapo patrol could
557
00:53:31,840 --> 00:53:37,200
have followed their bootprints and caught
them easily. The mission appeared doomed
558
00:53:37,200 --> 00:53:43,040
from the start,but thankfully there
was no Gestapo unit anywhere nearby.
559
00:53:43,040 --> 00:53:48,080
Instead, a local miller who had witnessed
their parachute landing discovered them
560
00:53:48,080 --> 00:53:54,080
hiding in a nearby quarry. As luck would have
it, the miller was connected to the resistance.
561
00:53:54,080 --> 00:53:59,760
With his assistance, Gabčík and Kubiš boarded
a train to Prague and, through his contacts,
562
00:53:59,760 --> 00:54:03,840
were introduced to key members of
the resistance network in the city.
563
00:54:03,840 --> 00:54:09,120
There, the resistance connected them with
safehouses and coordinated their next moves.
564
00:54:09,120 --> 00:54:14,960
Carrying fake papers, pistols, grenades,
cyanide capsules, and a British Sten gun,
565
00:54:14,960 --> 00:54:19,840
the two men slipped into the capital —
now the heart of the Nazi Protectorate.
566
00:54:19,840 --> 00:54:26,080
For the next five months, they lived like shadows,
constantly shifting between safehouses arranged
567
00:54:26,080 --> 00:54:30,400
by the Czech resistance group .
In the shadows, the plan to kill
568
00:54:30,400 --> 00:54:35,600
Heydrich began to take shape.
Gabčík and Kubiš stalked him for
569
00:54:35,600 --> 00:54:44,240
weeks — learning his routes, his habits, his blind
spots. They noticed something bizarre: Heydrich,
570
00:54:44,240 --> 00:54:49,360
despite being one of the most powerful men in
Nazi Europe, traveled in an open-top Mercedes,
571
00:54:49,360 --> 00:54:53,840
usually without escort. His only protection
was a driver — SS-Oberscharführer Johannes
572
00:54:53,840 --> 00:55:00,400
Klein. Sometimes, Heydrich even walked the
streets of Prague with no guards at all.
573
00:55:00,400 --> 00:55:02,080
He believed he was untouchable.
574
00:55:02,080 --> 00:55:04,240
Even Heinrich Himmler had advised him to tighten
575
00:55:04,240 --> 00:55:08,640
his personal security. But
Heydrich ignored the warning.
576
00:55:08,640 --> 00:55:14,960
And Hitler? He was furious.
Hitler reportedly said “Such heroic gestures
577
00:55:14,960 --> 00:55:21,040
like driving in an open, unarmoured vehicle or
walking in the streets Prague unguarded are just
578
00:55:21,040 --> 00:55:25,920
damn stupidity. Men of importance like Heydrich
should know that they are being continually
579
00:55:25,920 --> 00:55:32,640
stalked. There are any number of people
just waiting to kill him.” And he was right.
580
00:55:32,640 --> 00:55:39,840
As the weeks passed, Gabchik and Kubisb began
searching for the perfect place to strike.
581
00:55:39,840 --> 00:55:42,480
They walked and cycled through the city,
582
00:55:42,480 --> 00:55:49,120
surveying every inch of Heydrich’s daily route
— from Prague Castle to his country residence.
583
00:55:49,120 --> 00:55:53,680
They searched for a location that offered
both a clear shot and a narrow window of
584
00:55:53,680 --> 00:56:02,240
vulnerability. The mission demanded absolute
precision. One mistake, and they were dead.
585
00:56:02,240 --> 00:56:06,640
By early February, they found their
opportunity — a tight hairpin turn
586
00:56:06,640 --> 00:56:13,120
in the Prague suburb of Libeň. Each morning,
Heydrich’s Mercedes was forced to slow down
587
00:56:13,120 --> 00:56:20,640
drastically at that turn — almost to a walking
pace. It was the perfect place for an ambush.
588
00:56:20,640 --> 00:56:24,400
Just behind the turn was a public bus
stop — the perfect cover,giving Gabčík
589
00:56:24,400 --> 00:56:28,800
and Kubiš the ideal cover to wait
without raising suspicion. Gabčík
590
00:56:28,800 --> 00:56:33,280
and Kubiš could blend in with
ordinary commuters… and wait.
591
00:56:33,280 --> 00:56:38,000
So The plan was that Gabčík would
fire at Heydrich’s car from the front,
592
00:56:38,000 --> 00:56:43,440
and Kubiš would throw a grenade from the
side to finish off whatever remained.
593
00:56:43,440 --> 00:56:48,400
When the resistance received a tip from
a Czech insider at Prague Castle that
594
00:56:48,400 --> 00:56:53,360
Heydrich would be meeting Hitler on May
27 — and likely leaving the country for
595
00:56:53,360 --> 00:57:01,978
several weeks — Gabčík and Kubiš chose that
day as the moment to carry out their mission.
596
00:57:01,978 --> 00:57:08,720
"If you kill Heydrich then
Hitler will tear Prague apart"
597
00:57:08,720 --> 00:57:13,200
Gabchík and Kubiš, despite final pleas
from their underground protectors
598
00:57:13,200 --> 00:57:21,600
to abandon the mission, decided
that it was time to act.
599
00:57:21,600 --> 00:57:27,520
On the morning of 27th May, Gabchik and
kubisb accordingly positioned themselves near
600
00:57:27,520 --> 00:57:33,200
the hairpin curve designated for the
attack. Despite the warm weather,
601
00:57:33,200 --> 00:57:39,760
Gabcík carried a raincoat over his arm,
concealing his sub-machine gun. On the
602
00:57:39,760 --> 00:57:44,560
opposite side of the street, Kubiš
was leaning against a lamp post, two
603
00:57:44,560 --> 00:57:48,800
highly sensitive fused bombs in his briefcase. A
604
00:57:48,800 --> 00:57:52,400
third man, Josef Val ík,
who had been parachuted
605
00:57:52,400 --> 00:57:57,280
into the Protectorate in December, positioned
himself further up the hill where he acted as
606
00:57:57,280 --> 00:58:04,000
lookout for the approaching car. At
around 10.20 a.m., Valchik's shaving
607
00:58:04,000 --> 00:58:09,680
mirror flashed in the sun, signalling
that Heydrich's car was approaching.
608
00:58:09,680 --> 00:58:15,920
As the assassins had anticipated, Heydrich's
driver slowed down for the bend. When the car
609
00:58:15,920 --> 00:58:20,720
turned the corner, Gabčík leaped out,
aimed his submachine gun at Heydrich,
610
00:58:20,720 --> 00:58:27,680
and pulled the trigger — but in that crucial
moment, everything went terribly wrong.
611
00:58:33,360 --> 00:58:39,680
The gun jammed. But then Heydrich made a costly
mistake — instead of ordering his driver to
612
00:58:39,680 --> 00:58:46,160
speed away, he told him to stop. He pulled out his
pistol and aimed it at Gabčík. But before he could
613
00:58:46,160 --> 00:58:56,480
fire, Kubiš stepped out of the shadows and tossed
a bomb toward the open Mercedes. He misjudged the
614
00:58:56,480 --> 00:59:02,320
distance and the bomb exploded against the car's
rear wheel, throwing shrapnel back into Kubiš's
615
00:59:02,320 --> 00:59:09,040
face and shattering the windows of a passing
tram. The wounded Heydrich fired shots at Kubiš,
616
00:59:09,040 --> 00:59:15,840
but due to the smoke, not a single bullet hit
him — and Kubiš fled the scene on his bicycle.
617
00:59:15,840 --> 00:59:21,840
Meanwhile, on the other side, Gabčík threw
away his jammed Sten gun and tried to flee.
618
00:59:21,840 --> 00:59:27,840
But escape wasn’t easy for him.
Heydrich’s driver, Klein, chased after him.
619
00:59:27,840 --> 00:59:32,720
Gabčík ran into a nearby butcher shop
— but quickly realised there was no
620
00:59:32,720 --> 00:59:36,320
back door. No exit.
He was trapped.
621
00:59:36,320 --> 00:59:43,920
But as Klein stepped inside, Gabčík fired two
shots into his legs — and made his escape.
622
00:59:43,920 --> 00:59:49,360
After the assassins made their escape, Heydrich
was rushed to a nearby hospital. While surgeons
623
00:59:49,360 --> 00:59:54,240
worked on him, news of the attack reached
both Himmler and Hitler — and their fury
624
00:59:54,240 --> 01:00:02,560
was immediate. Himmler was allegedly so shaken
that he burst into years. Both demanded Swift and
625
01:00:02,560 --> 01:00:08,960
severe retributions. Hitler instantly called
for the execution of 10,000 Czech hostages,
626
01:00:08,960 --> 01:00:12,720
declaring that The Czechs have to
learn the lesson that if they shoot
627
01:00:12,720 --> 01:00:17,840
down one man, he will immediately be
replaced by somebody even worse.’
628
01:00:17,840 --> 01:00:23,760
Thankfully, Heydrich’s deputy, Karl Hermann Frank,
managed to calm the enraged Hitler. Fearing that
629
01:00:23,760 --> 01:00:28,240
mass reprisals could damage Germany’s
vital economic interests in the region,
630
01:00:28,240 --> 01:00:35,040
Frank immediately flew to Berlin to argue his
case. He insisted the attack was an isolated act,
631
01:00:35,040 --> 01:00:40,240
orchestrated from London, and warned that
indiscriminate killings would harm Germany’s
632
01:00:40,240 --> 01:00:46,960
war effort and could cause the Czech resistance
to spread even further. Large-scale massacres,
633
01:00:46,960 --> 01:00:52,960
he argued, would also undo Heydrich’s effective
occupation policies, cripple Czech armament
634
01:00:52,960 --> 01:00:59,440
production, and fuel enemy propaganda. His
reasoning worked — at least for the moment.
635
01:00:59,440 --> 01:01:03,360
Hitler withdrew his order to
execute 10,000 Czech hostages,
636
01:01:03,360 --> 01:01:08,800
but remained adamant that the assassins
must be found and captured without delay.
637
01:01:08,800 --> 01:01:16,000
More than 12,000 Gestapo and SS personnel
spread out across Prague, raiding nearly 36,000
638
01:01:16,000 --> 01:01:21,840
buildings in their search for the assassins. Yet,
despite leaving hardly a single home unchecked,
639
01:01:21,840 --> 01:01:28,320
the massive police operation failed to achieve
its goal — the assassins were nowhere to be found.
640
01:01:28,320 --> 01:01:31,600
The Nazis announced a reward of
10 million Kronen for capturing
641
01:01:31,600 --> 01:01:36,400
the assassins. Anyone found sheltering
or helping them, or even knowing their
642
01:01:36,400 --> 01:01:43,520
identities or location and failing to report it,
would be executed along with their entire family.
643
01:01:43,520 --> 01:01:48,720
Meanwhile, as the massive manhunt for Heydrich’s
assassins raged on, in the hospital Heydrich
644
01:01:48,720 --> 01:01:52,960
seemed to be recovering well, and it
appeared he would soon be out of danger.
645
01:01:52,960 --> 01:01:59,440
For days after the surgery, his condition improved
steadily — he was alert, speaking to visitors, and
646
01:01:59,440 --> 01:02:06,560
even discussed future plans. But on the morning
of June 4th, everything changed. Without warning,
647
01:02:06,560 --> 01:02:12,320
Heydrich’s temperature spiked, and he slipped
into a coma. Doctors quickly realized that a
648
01:02:12,320 --> 01:02:19,120
deadly infection had taken hold.Within hours,
Heydrich’s organs began to fail. By midday,
649
01:02:19,120 --> 01:02:27,680
it was clear he would not survive. At 4:30
AM on June 4th, 1942, Reinhard Heydrich,
650
01:02:27,680 --> 01:02:33,520
one of the most feared men in Nazi Germany, was
pronounced dead — not from the blast itself,
651
01:02:33,520 --> 01:02:42,000
but from septicemia caused by the infection.
On June 7th, 1942, Reinhard Heydrich's body was
652
01:02:42,000 --> 01:02:48,800
placed in a coffin. His funeral procession through
Prague was unlike anything the city had ever seen.
653
01:02:48,800 --> 01:02:55,200
Streets were lined with thousands of German
soldiers in full parade uniform. Military bands
654
01:02:55,200 --> 01:03:01,920
played solemn marches as the coffin carried on a
gun carriage slowly made its way to the station.
655
01:03:01,920 --> 01:03:06,800
From Prague, the coffin was transported to
Berlin, where the Nazi leadership gathered
656
01:03:06,800 --> 01:03:16,400
for a grand state funeral. The hall was filled
with black banners and an ocean of SS uniforms.
657
01:03:30,560 --> 01:03:37,440
Hitler declared Heydrich a martyr. On the other
hand, Himmler said, "I am privileged to thank you
658
01:03:37,440 --> 01:03:43,520
for your unswerving loyalty and for your wonderful
friendship, which was a bond between us in this
659
01:03:43,520 --> 01:03:49,440
life and which death can never put asunder!'"
He also proclaimed that Heydrich was someone
660
01:03:49,440 --> 01:03:54,320
who should be emulated, though he acknowledged
that no one would be able to achieve such glory.
661
01:03:54,320 --> 01:03:59,280
The Nazis gave Heydrich a farewell
as if a great saint had died.
662
01:03:59,280 --> 01:04:04,160
On the very day of Heydrich’s grand funeral,
the Nazis received intelligence claiming
663
01:04:04,160 --> 01:04:10,080
that his assassins were hiding in the
small Czech village of Lidice. Hitler,
664
01:04:10,080 --> 01:04:14,560
seizing on this as an opportunity
for swift and brutal vengeance,
665
01:04:14,560 --> 01:04:19,200
ordered the village to be completely wiped
from the map—both as retaliation and as a
666
01:04:19,200 --> 01:04:24,160
chilling warning meant to compel others to turn
in the killers. But in the days that followed,
667
01:04:24,160 --> 01:04:29,920
a grim truth emerged: the reports were false.
Lidice had no connection to the resistance,
668
01:04:29,920 --> 01:04:36,400
and the assassins had never set foot there.
Yet the truth meant nothing to the nazis.
669
01:04:36,400 --> 01:04:43,360
After Liditce, rumours spread that every
10th Czech was to be shot. Despite the
670
01:04:43,360 --> 01:04:48,720
wave of terror that engulfed the population,
the assassins were still nowhere to be found.
671
01:04:48,720 --> 01:04:55,200
The massacre and destruction of Liditsé
failed to achieve the SS’s intended goal.
672
01:04:55,200 --> 01:05:01,200
No one stepped forward with clues or evidence
about the assassins’ whereabouts. Frustrated,
673
01:05:01,200 --> 01:05:05,760
the Nazis warned that if the culprits
were not handed over by June 18th,
674
01:05:05,760 --> 01:05:10,640
more executions would follow across the
territory. In the wake of this threat,
675
01:05:10,640 --> 01:05:17,760
the Nazis recieved nearly 2000 tips —one
of them from a man named Karel Čurda.
676
01:05:17,760 --> 01:05:24,320
Čurda himself was a resistance fighter,
but after witnessing the fate of Liditsé,
677
01:05:24,320 --> 01:05:30,560
he became terrified. As a result, he betrayed
the cause for the safety of his family.
678
01:05:30,560 --> 01:05:37,280
On June 16, 1942, he went to the Gestapo
headquarters in Prague. Although Čurda
679
01:05:37,280 --> 01:05:42,880
did not know the assassins’ exact present
location, he provided the Gestapo with the
680
01:05:42,880 --> 01:05:48,560
addresses of various safehouses they had
used. The Gestapo raided these safehouses,
681
01:05:48,560 --> 01:05:53,360
and after interrogation, they learned that the
assassins were hiding in the Church of Cyril and
682
01:05:53,360 --> 01:06:01,920
Methodius in Prague. Jozef Gabčík, Jan Kubiš,
Josef Valčík, and four other Czech and Slovak
683
01:06:01,920 --> 01:06:06,960
resistance fighters were holed up inside
the Church of Saints Cyril and Methodius.
684
01:06:06,960 --> 01:06:13,280
On the morning of June 18, 1942,
750 heavily armed SS troops and
685
01:06:13,280 --> 01:06:19,920
Gestapo officers surrounded the church. The
Nazis sealed off the surrounding streets,
686
01:06:19,920 --> 01:06:26,480
placing machine guns at key points. They were
determined that no one inside would escape alive.
687
01:06:26,480 --> 01:06:33,680
At around 4:00 AM, the assault began.
German troops stormed into the church,
688
01:06:33,680 --> 01:06:38,800
where they found three members of the resistance
— including Kubiš and Valčík — positioned in
689
01:06:38,800 --> 01:06:45,760
the upper gallery. A fierce gun battle
erupted. Bullets tore through the church’s
690
01:06:45,760 --> 01:06:55,680
sacred walls as the resistance fighters
returned fire with pistols and Sten guns.
691
01:07:02,800 --> 01:07:07,760
For over two hours, the upper floor became
a war zone, until the fighters were either
692
01:07:07,760 --> 01:07:13,040
mortally wounded or killed. Valčík
fought bravely but was killed in the
693
01:07:13,040 --> 01:07:18,720
firefight. Kubiš was gravely wounded
and later died from his injuries.
694
01:07:18,720 --> 01:07:22,560
Meanwhile, Gabčík and three other
resistance fighters were hiding
695
01:07:22,560 --> 01:07:29,680
in the church’s crypt beneath the floor,
accessible only by a narrow, hidden entrance.
696
01:07:29,680 --> 01:07:33,440
"Joseph, you should surrender now and save
697
01:07:33,440 --> 01:07:39,520
yourselves. Do you hear me?"
"That's Čurda" "Čurda" "Čurda"
698
01:07:39,520 --> 01:07:43,200
Through the traitor, Karel
Čurda, the Nazis demanded
699
01:07:43,200 --> 01:07:52,640
that the remaining resistance fighters surrender.
"You will be treated humanely as prisoners of war"
700
01:07:52,640 --> 01:07:54,560
"We will never surrender".
701
01:07:54,560 --> 01:08:02,560
But Gabčík and the others opened fire and their
reply was simple - "We will never surrender".
702
01:08:02,560 --> 01:08:08,640
The Germans poured in tear gas, fired through
the floor, and even tried flooding the chamber,
703
01:08:08,640 --> 01:08:13,920
but the men below fought back relentlessly.
They were not seeking escape — they were
704
01:08:13,920 --> 01:08:19,760
holding their ground. For hours they
returned fire, refusing to surrender.
705
01:08:19,760 --> 01:08:26,640
When their ammunition was nearly gone, each
man saved a final bullet for himself. Gabčík
706
01:08:26,640 --> 01:08:33,600
and the men made their final choice. One by
one, they turned their pistols on themselves,
707
01:08:33,600 --> 01:08:39,040
not in defeat, but to deny the Nazis
the triumph of taking them alive.
708
01:08:39,040 --> 01:08:42,000
When the Germans finally smashed into the crypt,
709
01:08:42,000 --> 01:08:47,360
all they found were the lifeless bodies of the
men who had assassinated Reinhard Heydrich.
710
01:08:47,360 --> 01:08:51,280
Meanwhile, on the other hand,
Čurda had received his reward.
711
01:08:51,280 --> 01:08:57,360
Had Čurda not betrayed the cause, perhaps
after the war these men would have been
712
01:08:57,360 --> 01:09:01,040
telling the story of Heydrich’s
assassination in their own words.
713
01:09:01,040 --> 01:09:06,720
Imagine Gabčík himself recounting the
moment when his Sten gun jammed right
714
01:09:06,720 --> 01:09:12,240
in front of Heydrich — and what went
through his mind in that split second.
715
01:09:12,240 --> 01:09:19,040
Surrounded, outnumbered, and wounded, they fought
to the last breath — not for medals, not for fame,
716
01:09:19,040 --> 01:09:25,120
but for the dream of a free homeland. Today,
their story stands as a reminder that even
717
01:09:25,120 --> 01:09:30,320
the mightiest tyrant can be brought low by
the courage of the few. My name is Roger,
718
01:09:30,320 --> 01:09:37,440
and this film was my humble tribute to the men
who laid down their lives for their motherland.87776
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