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Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:07,200 Adolf Hitler once called him "the iron  heart of the Reich". Cold, brilliant,   2 00:00:07,200 --> 00:00:14,160 merciless. Reinhard Heydrich was feared not only  by his enemies, but even by his fellow Nazis. As   3 00:00:14,160 --> 00:00:19,200 the architect of the final solution, his power  stretched across a continent. But in the spring   4 00:00:19,200 --> 00:00:26,960 of 1942, on a quiet street in Prague, a handful  of resistance fighters dared the impossible to   5 00:00:26,960 --> 00:00:34,720 strike at the very heart of Nazi terror. What  followed was an assassination that shook the   6 00:00:34,720 --> 00:00:40,560 Third Reich to its core and triggered one  of the most brutal reprisals of the war.   7 00:00:40,560 --> 00:00:48,960 This is the story of Reinhard Hydrich. His  rise, his reign of terror and his violent end. 8 00:00:48,960 --> 00:00:55,440 Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich was born  on March 7, 1904, in the town of Halle,   9 00:00:55,440 --> 00:00:57,760 situated along the River Saale. 10 00:00:57,760 --> 00:01:01,120 He was not born into poverty or obscurity — nor,   11 00:01:01,120 --> 00:01:05,200 ironically, into the military  class. His family were musicians. 12 00:01:05,200 --> 00:01:10,800 His father, Richard Bruno Heydrich, was  a composer, a professional opera singer,   13 00:01:10,800 --> 00:01:18,480 and a music educator. Bruno Heydrich was born into  poverty ,His father died when he was very young,   14 00:01:18,480 --> 00:01:22,720 and his mother — a washerwoman  — raised six children alone.   15 00:01:22,720 --> 00:01:28,320 But Bruno was gifted — musically,  intellectually, and in ambition.  16 00:01:28,320 --> 00:01:33,920 Through sheer discipline, he became a singer  and composer. After performing across Europe,   17 00:01:33,920 --> 00:01:40,800 he returned to Halle and founded the Halle  Conservatory for Music and Theatre in 1901.  18 00:01:40,800 --> 00:01:48,560 Within three years, it grew from 20 to  190 students. Eleven teachers, assistants,   19 00:01:48,560 --> 00:01:53,360 and even a secretary joined the staff. His  family living in the grand house above the   20 00:01:53,360 --> 00:01:59,360 Conservatory. In this rare photo, you can  see Reinhard, his brother, his sister, and   21 00:01:59,360 --> 00:02:05,920 his mother Elizabeth. Reinhard Heydrich’s mother,  Elisabeth, was a devout Catholic and Piano teacher 22 00:02:05,920 --> 00:02:10,080 Elisabeth played a decisive role  in shaping her children’s outlook,   23 00:02:10,080 --> 00:02:13,680 and was particularly strict with Reinhard. 24 00:02:13,680 --> 00:02:17,200 From the start, he was taught to move, speak,   25 00:02:17,200 --> 00:02:21,200 and present himself as a model  of national and moral discipline. 26 00:02:21,200 --> 00:02:24,480 He played the violin with  exceptional skill, eventually   27 00:02:24,480 --> 00:02:29,200 reaching a concert-level proficiency  that astonished those who heard him.   28 00:02:29,200 --> 00:02:33,840 Young Reinhard clearly benefited from  the musical talents of his parents. 29 00:02:33,840 --> 00:02:40,480 Reinhard’s father supported his early interest  in music, and in 1910, when Reinhard was just   30 00:02:40,480 --> 00:02:46,480 six years old, Bruno took him to a major  musical event at the Halle City Theatre—a   31 00:02:46,480 --> 00:02:53,360 performance of The Ring of the Nibelung -  the classic music drama of Richard Wagner.   32 00:02:53,360 --> 00:02:58,560 This experience ignited a lifelong love for  romantic music in Reinhard, especially the   33 00:02:58,560 --> 00:03:05,600 mythic world portrayed in Wagner’s operas—a deep  passion he would later share with Adolf Hitler. 34 00:03:05,600 --> 00:03:11,360 Reinhard grew up under a regime of strict  rules and exacting expectations. He was a   35 00:03:11,360 --> 00:03:16,240 gifted child — particularly in music  and academics. He played the violin   36 00:03:16,240 --> 00:03:22,000 with near-professional skill and spoke in  formal, high-register German even as a boy. 37 00:03:22,000 --> 00:03:26,480 His parents pushed him hard —  not out of cruelty, but ambition. 38 00:03:26,480 --> 00:03:30,000 Despite his later fixation on physical fitness,   39 00:03:30,000 --> 00:03:38,000 Reinhard Heydrich was a physically weak and  sickly child. He was small, slender, and often   40 00:03:38,000 --> 00:03:43,120 ill, which led his parents to actively encourage  him to take up all kinds of physical activities   41 00:03:43,120 --> 00:03:49,440 from an early age—such as swimming, running,  football, sailing, horseback riding, and fencing.   42 00:03:49,440 --> 00:03:56,400 These efforts laid the foundation for  his lifelong enthusiasm for sports. 43 00:03:56,400 --> 00:04:00,640 The family typically spent their summer  holidays along the scenic Baltic coast,   44 00:04:00,640 --> 00:04:07,600 in the upscale seaside resort town of Swinemünde  on Usedom Island. For the Heydrich children,   45 00:04:07,600 --> 00:04:12,000 these vacations were a highlight of  the year, filled with sightseeing,   46 00:04:12,000 --> 00:04:16,720 nature walks, boat rides, and  long, joyful days at the beach. 47 00:04:16,720 --> 00:04:21,760 Heydrich had good relations with his  family, but not with his classmates.  48 00:04:21,760 --> 00:04:27,760 He was physically thin, blonde,  pale — and often bullied.  49 00:04:27,760 --> 00:04:31,680 Heydrich's classmates used to tease  him because they found him effeminate.  50 00:04:31,680 --> 00:04:35,840 They used to bully him relentlessly  because of his high-pitched voice,   51 00:04:35,840 --> 00:04:43,440 which is why he was nicknamed  Ziege — meaning "the goat." 52 00:04:59,520 --> 00:05:04,800 This nickname humiliated him. But  he didn’t break — he hardened. 53 00:05:04,800 --> 00:05:09,280 He withdrew, focused inward,  mastered his music and studies.   54 00:05:09,280 --> 00:05:14,480 Even in childhood, he showed signs of  cold intelligence and a need for control. 55 00:05:14,480 --> 00:05:20,000 Reinhard Heydrich's academic performance was  above average, with particularly outstanding   56 00:05:20,000 --> 00:05:26,960 results in science subjects. As a teenager, he  aspired to become a chemist. At the same time,   57 00:05:26,960 --> 00:05:33,040 he developed a deep fascination with crime fiction  and spy novels, many of which were serialized   58 00:05:33,040 --> 00:05:39,360 in newspapers. British and American detective  stories—from Sherlock Holmes to Nick Carter and   59 00:05:39,360 --> 00:05:45,760 Nat Pinkerton—were wildly popular in Germany and  captured Heydrich’s imagination. It was this very   60 00:05:45,760 --> 00:05:52,160 addiction to spy novels that would later go on to  completely alter the course of Heydrich’s life. 61 00:05:52,160 --> 00:05:57,840 In the summer of 1914, while the Heydrich family  was vacationing on the Baltic coast as usual,   62 00:05:57,840 --> 00:06:03,440 their stable and orderly life was  suddenly disrupted by a major event.   63 00:06:09,680 --> 00:06:14,320 On June 28, the assassination of  Austrian heir Franz Ferdinand in   64 00:06:14,320 --> 00:06:19,360 Sarajevo triggered a crisis that would  soon escalate into the First World War. 65 00:06:19,360 --> 00:06:24,400 For young Reinhard Heydrich, who was just  ten at the time, the full significance of   66 00:06:24,400 --> 00:06:29,600 what was happening around him was hard  to grasp. He belonged to the “war youth”   67 00:06:29,600 --> 00:06:36,240 generation—too young to fight, but old enough to  understand that this war was a defining moment   68 00:06:36,240 --> 00:06:40,560 both for his country and for himself. Even  though no one in his immediate family went   69 00:06:40,560 --> 00:06:47,200 off to battle, the war was ever-present. Newspapers and posters glorified military   70 00:06:47,200 --> 00:06:52,960 successes, classrooms displayed photos  of famous generals and decorated alumni,   71 00:06:52,960 --> 00:06:56,720 and teachers regularly announced  new victories during assemblies.   72 00:06:56,720 --> 00:07:03,760 Over time, older students at his school began  disappearing to the frontlines. By June 1915,   73 00:07:03,760 --> 00:07:07,520 around 80% of the senior-most  boys had volunteered for the army,   74 00:07:07,520 --> 00:07:13,520 while younger ones like Reinhard waited eagerly  for their chance to follow. For boys his age,   75 00:07:13,520 --> 00:07:19,360 the war likely felt like a thrilling, far-off  adventure—one they believed Germany would surely   76 00:07:19,360 --> 00:07:25,920 win, a belief further fueled by the wildly  popular war story magazines aimed at teens. 77 00:07:25,920 --> 00:07:31,680 But the enthusiasm of the German people quickly  vanished after the shocking realization that   78 00:07:31,680 --> 00:07:38,560 Germany had lost the war. Up until the fall  of 1918, German propaganda had assured the   79 00:07:38,560 --> 00:07:45,200 public that victory was near. The Treaty of  Brest-Litovsk, signed earlier that spring   80 00:07:45,200 --> 00:07:50,880 to seal Germany’s triumph over Russia, only  strengthened the belief that defeating Britain   81 00:07:50,880 --> 00:07:58,240 and France was just a matter of time. So, when the  armistice was suddenly signed in November 1918,   82 00:07:58,240 --> 00:08:04,240 it came as a devastating and unexpected blow,  shattering the hopes of countless Germans. 83 00:08:04,240 --> 00:08:08,720 The abruptness of the Allied victory—just  months after Germany’s initially successful   84 00:08:08,720 --> 00:08:14,160 spring offensive—left many in disbelief. It  seemed impossible to accept that the German   85 00:08:14,160 --> 00:08:20,000 military had truly been defeated. This disbelief  gave rise to a powerful and dangerous myth:   86 00:08:20,000 --> 00:08:25,440 the infamous "stab-in-the-back" legend, which  claimed that Germany's undefeated army had been   87 00:08:25,440 --> 00:08:33,040 betrayed by disloyal revolutionaries back home. Germany had lost over 2 million men in action and   88 00:08:33,040 --> 00:08:39,360 more than 4.1 million soldiers were wounded  out of an overall population of 65 million.   89 00:08:39,360 --> 00:08:43,920 The country had spent the equivalent  of some $40 billion on the war,   90 00:08:43,920 --> 00:08:50,400 most of which it had borrowed from its citizens.  In the treaty of Versailles, Germany lost 13% of   91 00:08:50,400 --> 00:08:58,320 its territory and was required to pay $33 billion  as a war indemnity to the victors. After the war,   92 00:08:58,320 --> 00:09:04,640 all of Germany plunged into instability. Across  the country, communist and right-wing paramilitary   93 00:09:04,640 --> 00:09:10,560 groups were violently clashing with each other  — and soon, these violent confrontations reached   94 00:09:10,560 --> 00:09:15,600 Heydrich's hometown of Halle as well. The Heydrich family's musical business   95 00:09:15,600 --> 00:09:19,840 also collapsed, leading to  significant financial losses. 96 00:09:19,840 --> 00:09:24,080 Reinhard — now a teenager — watched this unfold. 97 00:09:24,080 --> 00:09:28,400 And though he did not yet join any  movement, his hatred of disorder and   98 00:09:28,400 --> 00:09:32,640 longing for hierarchy took root. As a result, Heydrich was now   99 00:09:32,640 --> 00:09:39,280 about to choose a career path that his  family could never have even imagined. 100 00:09:39,280 --> 00:09:44,960 In the late spring of 1922, after earning  top marks in his final school exams,   101 00:09:44,960 --> 00:09:48,640 Reinhard decided to pursue  a career as a naval officer. 102 00:09:48,640 --> 00:09:53,280 The Heydrichs had mixed feelings about  Reinhard’s career decision. His mother   103 00:09:53,280 --> 00:09:58,240 felt proud of his ambition to join the  navy, but his father was disappointed   104 00:09:58,240 --> 00:10:04,240 that his musically gifted son wouldn’t be  continuing the family’s musical legacy. Still,   105 00:10:04,240 --> 00:10:10,640 Reinhard stood firm. And on April 1st,  1922, he officially began his journey as   106 00:10:10,640 --> 00:10:15,360 a naval cadet in Kiel, together with  dozens of other cadets of ‘Crew 22’. 107 00:10:15,360 --> 00:10:21,200 Heydrich remained an isolated loner throughout his time in Kiel and ‘had no friends among   108 00:10:21,200 --> 00:10:24,800 the crew’.While it is true that Heydrich found it difficult to adjust   109 00:10:24,800 --> 00:10:30,000 to the new environment, the reasons for his outsider status remain unclear.   110 00:10:30,000 --> 00:10:33,520 One of his crew colleagues remembered after the Second World War.  111 00:10:33,520 --> 00:10:36,800 "Heydrich's appearance was  of remarkable disharmony,   112 00:10:36,800 --> 00:10:43,040 His limbs somehow did not fit together. A long,  narrow, and much too small head sat on a long  113 00:10:43,040 --> 00:10:49,360 neck, with short blond hair, a long nose,  mistrustful squinting eyes, that stood very close  114 00:10:49,360 --> 00:10:55,200 together, and a small mouth, whose gaping  lips he usually pinched together. A long upper  115 00:10:55,200 --> 00:11:01,840 body with almost apelike arms sat over a deep,  broad pelvis, a husky build with rounded,  116 00:11:01,840 --> 00:11:06,880 unmuscular legs. He appeared gangly,  somewhat soft and effeminate" 117 00:11:06,880 --> 00:11:13,520 Heydrich was probably seen as an outsider partly  because of his refined, middle-class upbringing.   118 00:11:13,520 --> 00:11:20,320 While most naval cadets embraced the tough,  masculine culture of the navy, Heydrich would   119 00:11:20,320 --> 00:11:25,680 quietly play his violin during his free time—a  gift from his father. This habit made him stand   120 00:11:25,680 --> 00:11:31,680 out, and not in a good way. His love for music  often became a reason for others to mock him. 121 00:11:31,680 --> 00:11:36,800 But slowly, Heydrich's position began to  improve. He became a dedicated sailor,   122 00:11:36,800 --> 00:11:42,480 eventually winning both the Baltic Sea and  North Sea championships. Alongside being   123 00:11:42,480 --> 00:11:48,880 an exceptional seaman, he also grew into  a skilled sportsperson. Now,Heydrich was   124 00:11:48,880 --> 00:11:54,400 promoted to second naval liutenant. After his promotion, He appears to have gained more   125 00:11:54,400 --> 00:11:58,480 recognition from his colleagues and was  no longer mocked as often. His superiors  126 00:11:58,480 --> 00:12:04,240 frequently gave him recognition and good  evaluations. With every sign of recognition, his  127 00:12:04,240 --> 00:12:08,880 zeal increased, and so did his  arrogance . Ambition was undoubtedly   128 00:12:08,880 --> 00:12:13,280 Heydrich's strongest characteristic.  He wanted to accomplish something and  129 00:12:13,280 --> 00:12:19,073 others were supposed to be amazed. Now,he was  dreaming to become naval chief or admiral.  130 00:12:19,073 --> 00:12:19,145 (‘We were all certain that he would  go far in the navy because of his  131 00:12:19,145 --> 00:12:19,219 ambition and ability. He was never  content with what he had achieved. His  132 00:12:19,219 --> 00:12:19,295 impulse was always for more; to do  better; to go higher. As a lieutenant he  133 00:12:19,295 --> 00:12:19,360 was already dreaming of becoming  an admiral.’ - Erich Schultze) 134 00:12:19,360 --> 00:12:24,080 Although his relationship with the other young  officers improved significantly, Heydrich started   135 00:12:24,080 --> 00:12:29,840 showing a clear sense of arrogance towards  his subordinates — a trait that would grow   136 00:12:29,840 --> 00:12:36,240 even more prominent in the 1930s. On 1 July 1928 Heydrich was   137 00:12:36,240 --> 00:12:40,800 promoted to first lieutenant,He now had significantly more free time,   138 00:12:40,800 --> 00:12:46,560 which he largely devoted to sport, music and a third area of interest: women.   139 00:12:47,120 --> 00:12:52,160 he repeatedly sought the company of women whom  he could impress with his officer's uniform,   140 00:12:52,160 --> 00:12:58,640 his good manners and his musical talents. His  efforts were not without success, as one of his   141 00:12:58,640 --> 00:13:02,400 fellow officers recalled after the war: ‘He left an impression more than once,   142 00:13:02,400 --> 00:13:10,160 particularly on older ladies.’ On 6 December 1930, at a naval ball,   143 00:13:10,160 --> 00:13:16,400 Heydrich met a woman who would completely alter  the course of his life. Her name was Lina von   144 00:13:16,400 --> 00:13:23,600 Osten. The moment Heydrich laid eyes on this cute  19-year-old blonde, he was instantly smitten.  145 00:13:23,600 --> 00:13:28,720 Lina liked Heydrich from the very first meeting.  Never mind that his skull looked like it had been   146 00:13:28,720 --> 00:13:35,680 assembled with leftover parts—he was 6 foot 3,  athletic, and an officer in the navy. Basically,   147 00:13:35,680 --> 00:13:41,040 he was a walking Tinder profile. Lina  described Heydrich as ‘tall, manly and  148 00:13:41,040 --> 00:13:46,320 very self-assured in his uniform’. In today’s TikTok era, where girls scroll past   149 00:13:46,320 --> 00:13:52,080 one handsome guy after another and their standards  have shot through the roof, calling Heydrich a   150 00:13:52,080 --> 00:13:59,360 'weird skull' kind of makes sense. But back in  those days, Heydrich was the full package — tall,   151 00:13:59,360 --> 00:14:06,320 athletic and in uniform. Basically, a walking  green flag with a slightly dented head.  152 00:14:06,320 --> 00:14:13,760 Heydrich proposed to Lina, and she said yes.  After that, he started writing her love letters.  153 00:14:13,760 --> 00:14:20,400 "My dearest, dearest Lina! In the midst of the  hustle and bustle of work and in a great hurry   154 00:14:20,400 --> 00:14:26,960 before my departure, I wanted you to know  that all my thoughts are with you. And I   155 00:14:26,960 --> 00:14:33,440 realize now how much I love you. That is  why I am looking forward all the more to   156 00:14:33,440 --> 00:14:43,120 the life that lies ahead of us. With you I could  endure every sorrow! much love, Your Reinhard " 157 00:14:43,120 --> 00:14:48,800 Lina was just 19 years old, so of course she  couldn’t marry a guy with a weird-looking   158 00:14:48,800 --> 00:14:54,080 skull just like that. Heydrich had  to get her parents’ approval first.  159 00:14:54,080 --> 00:14:57,760 Heydrich went to Lina’s house  to convince her parents.  160 00:14:57,760 --> 00:15:01,600 Her parents could find no  fault with Heydrich. A smart,   161 00:15:01,600 --> 00:15:07,600 ambitious naval officer with a seemingly  secure pension and an apparently bright   162 00:15:07,600 --> 00:15:12,800 career ahead of him was more than the Ostens  might have expected and it suited their image   163 00:15:12,800 --> 00:15:19,120 of a prospective son-in-law. So they said yes  without any hesitation. The two officially got   164 00:15:19,120 --> 00:15:25,200 engaged. Now,Heydrich started writing letters  not just to Lina, but to her parents as well. 165 00:15:25,760 --> 00:15:32,320 "Dear parents-in-law, back in service and hard  at work, I would like to thank you once more   166 00:15:32,320 --> 00:15:39,200 with all my heart for having received me so  kindly and like a son in your house. I will   167 00:15:39,200 --> 00:15:45,680 never forget my first days in Lina's childhood  home. I am so grateful to you for your consent   168 00:15:45,680 --> 00:15:53,120 to our engagement. I realize more and more  every day that it was the right thing to do.   169 00:15:53,120 --> 00:15:58,880 Lina does not have to resort to secrecy in  Kiel and we can be together often and get to   170 00:15:58,880 --> 00:16:03,760 know each other better and better without  having to pay attention to the gossip of   171 00:16:03,760 --> 00:16:10,160 others. Regarding our wedding date, please  please allow us to marry in September. There   172 00:16:10,160 --> 00:16:16,960 is nothing worse than uncertainty. I would be  very very grateful to you if you could agree   173 00:16:16,960 --> 00:16:26,000 on September. My parents too will be available  then. Accept my sincere thanks. You're Reinhard." 174 00:16:26,000 --> 00:16:30,800 Lina thought she’d bagged herself a tall,  athletic navy officer with dreamy love   175 00:16:30,800 --> 00:16:38,960 letters and a violin on the side — what could  possibly go wrong? Well… everything. Turns out,   176 00:16:38,960 --> 00:16:43,600 Reinhard Heydrich had more exes than a Game  of Thrones character, and one of them wasn’t   177 00:16:43,600 --> 00:16:49,440 ready to stay buried in the past. Just as  he was busy writing “forever yours” to Lina,   178 00:16:49,440 --> 00:16:56,640 a ghost from his romantic graveyard rose  up — and she wasn’t sending best wishes. 179 00:16:56,640 --> 00:17:00,000 Heydrich had the announcement of his  and Lina’s engagement published in   180 00:17:00,000 --> 00:17:05,440 the newspaper. Back in the early  1900s and even mid-20th century,   181 00:17:05,440 --> 00:17:10,720 it was quite common, especially among middle  or upper-class families in Europe and America,   182 00:17:10,720 --> 00:17:15,600 to publish engagement announcements in local or  national newspapers. It was a way to publicly   183 00:17:15,600 --> 00:17:21,760 declare the engagement, also a status symbol If it had happened today, Reinhard might’ve   184 00:17:21,760 --> 00:17:28,880 simply uploaded a polished photo to Instagram,  captioned it '💍 Engaged!', and tagged Lina. 185 00:17:28,880 --> 00:17:32,800 Heydrich had officially gotten engaged  to Lina and even sent out a newspaper   186 00:17:32,800 --> 00:17:38,000 announcement to his friends and acquaintances.  But one of the people who received it was a   187 00:17:38,000 --> 00:17:42,800 young woman from Berlin—someone Heydrich had  met at a ball more than six months earlier.   188 00:17:42,800 --> 00:17:48,400 They had grown very close and even shared  a physical relationship. They visited each   189 00:17:48,400 --> 00:17:54,160 other in Berlin and Kiel, and the woman  believed that she was engaged to Heydrich. 190 00:17:54,160 --> 00:18:00,960 But when she saw the engagement notice in the  newspaper—with someone else’s name on it—her world   191 00:18:00,960 --> 00:18:08,720 came crashing down. Devastated and humiliated,  the poor woman suffered a nervous breakdown.   192 00:18:08,720 --> 00:18:14,080 We don’t know her name, but we do  know one important detail—her father   193 00:18:14,080 --> 00:18:18,320 had strong connections with  senior officers in the Navy. 194 00:18:18,320 --> 00:18:22,560 When he found out what had happened, he used  those connections to file a complaint against   195 00:18:22,560 --> 00:18:28,480 Heydrich. And just like that, Heydrich  was about to land in serious trouble.  196 00:18:28,480 --> 00:18:34,960 Because of this complaint,Heydrich was tried in  a military court and was kicked out of the navy. 197 00:18:34,960 --> 00:18:41,040 Breaking off an engagement was clearly a violation  of the officer corps’ code of conduct, but it   198 00:18:41,040 --> 00:18:46,000 wasn’t a serious enough offence to get someone  kicked out automatically . The whole embarrassing   199 00:18:46,000 --> 00:18:50,880 incident could have easily been dismissed as  little more than a personal misunderstanding   200 00:18:50,880 --> 00:18:56,080 or perhaps just some girl’s tale. However,  Heydrich’s arrogant attitude pushed things   201 00:18:56,080 --> 00:19:02,560 too far and ultimately got him into real trouble. Rather than owning up to his actions and accepting   202 00:19:02,560 --> 00:19:08,240 a minor punishment, Heydrich chose to shift  the blame. He claimed it was the woman who had   203 00:19:08,240 --> 00:19:14,480 initiated their physical relationship and flatly  denied ever making any promise of marriage. His   204 00:19:14,480 --> 00:19:19,760 dismissive attitude toward their affair, and  the way he trivialized it, only served to   205 00:19:19,760 --> 00:19:25,200 irritate the court officials further. Heydrich  wasn’t dismissed because of the affair itself,   206 00:19:25,200 --> 00:19:31,920 but because of how he behaved in court. He didn’t  have the courage to admit the truth, take the   207 00:19:31,920 --> 00:19:39,120 blame, or defend the woman—and that’s what got  him kicked out,not the actual offence itself.  208 00:19:39,120 --> 00:19:45,040 On 30 April 1931 Heydrich's promising  naval career came to an abrupt  209 00:19:45,040 --> 00:19:49,840 and unexpected end. Initially, Heydrich hoped he might be reinstated,   210 00:19:49,840 --> 00:19:57,680 but his official appeal to Reich President Paul  von Hindenburg was rejected. Heydrich was suddenly   211 00:19:57,680 --> 00:20:06,080 confronted by the grim reality of being unemployed  in 1931, in the midst of the Great Depression. His   212 00:20:06,080 --> 00:20:13,920 future looked Gloomy. He locked himself in his  room and cried for days in rage and self-pity. 213 00:20:13,920 --> 00:20:17,920 Lina remembered after the war,  “Discharge from the Navy was   214 00:20:17,920 --> 00:20:24,080 the heaviest blow of his life. It  wasn’t about losing his salary—it   215 00:20:24,080 --> 00:20:31,200 was the pain of losing the career he  had completely dedicated himself to.” 216 00:20:31,200 --> 00:20:36,696 But even after everything that had happened,  Lina did not leave Heydrich’s side. (Lina refused  217 00:20:36,696 --> 00:20:38,720 to break the engagement) In her heart, she had made a   218 00:20:38,720 --> 00:20:45,200 vow — if she were ever to marry, it would be  Reinhard Heydrich… and no one else." 'Behind   219 00:20:45,200 --> 00:20:50,960 every successful man, there is a woman.'  In Heydrich's case, it was going to be,   220 00:20:50,960 --> 00:20:56,560 'Behind every successful evil  man, there is an evil woman"  221 00:20:56,560 --> 00:21:02,000 Lina was a staunch anti-Semite and  a committed Nazi. Don’t let Lina’s   222 00:21:02,000 --> 00:21:09,520 sweet little face fool you — behind that  angelic smile was a hardcore Nazi fangirl.  223 00:21:09,520 --> 00:21:14,000 however, Heydrich lacked any interest in  political parties. He hadn’t even heard   224 00:21:14,000 --> 00:21:19,920 of Hitler’s Mein Kampf, and would often crack  jokes about the Nazi leader, calling him just a   225 00:21:19,920 --> 00:21:29,680 ‘Bohemian corporal.’ As for Goebbels, he mocked  him too — referring to him as ‘that cripple'.  226 00:21:29,680 --> 00:21:32,320 You might be surprised to know  that even Heydrich’s former   227 00:21:32,320 --> 00:21:38,560 naval colleagues described him as a liberal. But Lina was friends with Karl von Eberstein,   228 00:21:38,560 --> 00:21:43,200 a high-ranking officer in the Nazi  Party. Through him, she managed to   229 00:21:43,200 --> 00:21:49,840 arrange an interview between the unemployed  Heydrich and SS chief Heinrich Himmler. 230 00:21:49,840 --> 00:21:56,000 At first, Heydrich himself seemed unsure about  joining the Nazis, but Lina encouraged him to   231 00:21:56,000 --> 00:22:00,720 seriously consider the opportunity. It was  only when Eberstein offered him the prospect   232 00:22:00,720 --> 00:22:06,480 of an elevated position at the Nazi Party  headquarters that Heydrich finally agreed.  233 00:22:06,480 --> 00:22:10,960 The possibility of an elevated position  existed because Himmler was planning to   234 00:22:10,960 --> 00:22:16,880 create an intelligence department within the  SS, and he needed competent people for it. 235 00:22:16,880 --> 00:22:22,880 The previously mostly apolitical Heydrich — who  hadn’t even read Mein Kampf or heard of the SS   236 00:22:22,880 --> 00:22:28,960 before — was now about to step into the most  radical paramilitary wing of Hitler’s movement.   237 00:22:28,960 --> 00:22:35,200 He followed that path not out of deep ideological  conviction, but because Nazism offered him the   238 00:22:35,200 --> 00:22:41,280 opportunity to return to a structured life in  uniform, providing along with it a sense of   239 00:22:41,280 --> 00:22:49,040 purpose and a way of regaining the confidence  of Lina and her family of devoted Nazis. 240 00:22:49,040 --> 00:22:55,760 On 14 June 1931, the date of  Heydrich’s interview finally arrived.  241 00:22:55,760 --> 00:22:59,040 Himmler, unsurprisingly, was immediately impressed   242 00:22:59,040 --> 00:23:05,680 the moment he first laid eyes on Heydrich.  Heydrich had blonde hair, piercing blue eyes,   243 00:23:05,680 --> 00:23:11,040 stood 6 feet 3 inches tall, and was  physically well-built — exactly the   244 00:23:11,040 --> 00:23:15,760 kind of man the Nazis were looking for  to fit their Aryan race propaganda. 245 00:23:15,760 --> 00:23:21,280 Himmler informed Heydrich about his plans to  develop an intelligence service within the SS.   246 00:23:21,280 --> 00:23:26,320 To evaluate his potential, Himmler asked him  to sketch out an organizational structure for   247 00:23:26,320 --> 00:23:32,000 this proposed SS intelligence agency—and  gave him just twenty minutes to do it. 248 00:23:32,000 --> 00:23:36,800 Heydrich had no prior training  in espionage. But relying on bits   249 00:23:36,800 --> 00:23:41,360 and pieces he’d picked up from reading cheap  crime thrillers and spy novels over the years,   250 00:23:41,360 --> 00:23:46,960 he quickly put together a plan, dressing it  up in formal military language. Ironically,   251 00:23:46,960 --> 00:23:52,960 this basic understanding still exceeded Himmler’s  own knowledge. Impressed by Heydrich’s response,   252 00:23:52,960 --> 00:23:57,040 Himmler decided to hire him on the spot. 253 00:23:57,040 --> 00:24:00,800 The fact that Heydrich chose a  role in the SS instead of any   254 00:24:00,800 --> 00:24:05,440 of the better-paid jobs that were on  offer was due to a number of factors:   255 00:24:05,440 --> 00:24:11,360 his desire to impress his wife and her family with  a job in the political movement they supported,   256 00:24:11,360 --> 00:24:17,120 The role also had a military-like structure,  which appealed to his background. Most of all,   257 00:24:17,120 --> 00:24:22,320 it offered him an exciting role within a  radical organization that openly rejected   258 00:24:22,320 --> 00:24:27,760 the very political system he believed had  unfairly ended his promising naval career. 259 00:24:27,760 --> 00:24:33,200 At that point in time, the SS was still a small  and relatively unimportant unit. It had originally   260 00:24:33,200 --> 00:24:38,720 been formed as Hitler’s personal bodyguard  following his release from Landsberg Prison,   261 00:24:38,720 --> 00:24:46,080 where he had spent much of 1924 due to his failed  coup attempt in Munich the year before. Initially,   262 00:24:46,080 --> 00:24:52,160 the SS operated under the command of the SA and  remained a subordinate group for several years.   263 00:24:52,160 --> 00:24:58,400 However, it soon began to view itself as an  elite formation—Hitler’s loyal guard of honour,   264 00:24:58,400 --> 00:25:06,000 fiercely dedicated to him and the Nazi cause. Heydrich thus joined the SS at an important   265 00:25:06,000 --> 00:25:11,440 turning point in its history, which partly helps  to explain the organization's appeal for him.   266 00:25:11,440 --> 00:25:18,160 The SS promised a career in uniform and the  opportunity for rapid advancement within a still   267 00:25:18,160 --> 00:25:23,440 malleable body that promoted revolutionary  views for the reordering of Germany. Even   268 00:25:23,440 --> 00:25:29,200 if the pay was modest, the new activity offered  Heydrich, as an ardent reader of crime fiction,   269 00:25:29,200 --> 00:25:34,800 a job in an elite organization that  boosted his shaken self-confidence.   270 00:25:35,360 --> 00:25:40,240 Heydrich, still new and lacking street  credibility, had to prove himself through   271 00:25:40,240 --> 00:25:46,640 direct confrontation. He did so in brutal street  battles against communists and social democrats.   272 00:25:46,640 --> 00:25:53,360 During these raids, small SS motor squads would  storm political meetings and vanish before the   273 00:25:53,360 --> 00:25:58,880 police could react. Heydrich quickly gained a  fearsome reputation as the leader of one such   274 00:25:58,880 --> 00:26:04,560 unit. In Hamburg's communist circles,  he became known as the blonde beast.   275 00:26:04,560 --> 00:26:09,920 a name earned by the ruthless efficiency and  military precision of his commando group.  276 00:26:09,920 --> 00:26:15,760 Then After some months, Heydrich returned to  Munich to take up his new position at the Nazi   277 00:26:15,760 --> 00:26:21,600 Party headquarters — the infamous Brown House —  where Himmler officially appointed him as the head   278 00:26:21,600 --> 00:26:28,160 of the SS’s newly envisioned intelligence  division: the Sicherheitsdienst, or SD. 279 00:26:28,160 --> 00:26:33,280 In its earliest form, the SD had  a clear twofold mission. First,   280 00:26:33,280 --> 00:26:37,440 to gather intelligence on political opponents —  especially the Communists (KPD) and the Social   281 00:26:37,440 --> 00:26:42,720 Democrats (SPD). But second — and far  more sensitive — was to root out police   282 00:26:42,720 --> 00:26:50,960 informers and undercover Communist agents hiding  within the Nazi Party itself. This latter task   283 00:26:50,960 --> 00:26:57,520 would repeatedly land the SD in trouble, as it  walked a fine line between loyalty and paranoia. 284 00:26:57,520 --> 00:27:03,120 Yet for all its future infamy, the  SD’s origins were humble. In fact,   285 00:27:03,120 --> 00:27:11,200 it began as a one-man operation. Reinhard Heydrich  was the SD’s sole employee — investigator, clerk,   286 00:27:11,200 --> 00:27:18,160 analyst, and typist all in one. With almost no  budget, he set up a primitive index-card system   287 00:27:18,160 --> 00:27:22,080 to record the names and affiliations  of suspected enemies of the party. 288 00:27:22,080 --> 00:27:27,280 He didn’t even have his own office or  equipment. Heydrich had to share a desk,   289 00:27:27,280 --> 00:27:31,600 and even a typewriter, with Richard  Hildebrandt, chief of staff of the tiny   290 00:27:31,600 --> 00:27:36,960 SS Division South. But from that cramped  room in the Brown House, Heydrich began   291 00:27:36,960 --> 00:27:42,800 laying the foundation for a secret police  apparatus that would one day terrorize Europe. 292 00:27:42,800 --> 00:27:47,520 Heydrich worked 18 hours a day,  obsessively. He didn’t leave the   293 00:27:47,520 --> 00:27:53,920 office. He barely slept. Every file was  a puzzle. Every whisper a potential lead.  294 00:27:53,920 --> 00:28:01,280 In time, the SD grew. Informants were recruited.  Files multiplied. Operations expanded. But in   295 00:28:01,280 --> 00:28:07,840 those early days, it was Heydrich alone, driven by  humiliation, vengeance, and ambition. What started   296 00:28:07,840 --> 00:28:14,240 as a desk in a shared room soon evolved into the  Nazi Party’s most feared intelligence machine. 297 00:28:14,240 --> 00:28:20,960 By the end of 1931, Heydrich had stabilized his  career and secured his financial footing to such   298 00:28:20,960 --> 00:28:28,880 a degree that he was finally able to marry  his long-time fiancée. On 26 December 1931,   299 00:28:28,880 --> 00:28:33,680 the weird skull and the blonde Nazi  fangirl were officially married.  300 00:28:33,680 --> 00:28:39,040 To mark the happy occasion, Himmler promoted  Heydrich to SS- Sturmbannführer (major) – just   301 00:28:39,040 --> 00:28:42,800 seven days after his promotion to SS  Hauptsturmführer (captain). In just   302 00:28:42,800 --> 00:28:48,320 fifteen months since joining the SS, Heydrich  had already surpassed the rank he once held in   303 00:28:48,320 --> 00:28:54,640 the navy. Even if being a naval officer remained  more prestigious than an SS career at this point,   304 00:28:54,640 --> 00:28:58,160 Heydrich must have felt that  his life was back on track. 305 00:28:58,160 --> 00:29:04,320 In June 1932, Heydrich's SD (Security  Service) grew even stronger. As a result,   306 00:29:04,320 --> 00:29:07,520 Himmler promoted him to the rank of SS Colonel. 307 00:29:07,520 --> 00:29:12,080 Heydrich's rapid rise in the SS  hierarchy and his scarcely disguised  308 00:29:12,080 --> 00:29:18,000 ambition earned him many enemies. By June 1932, whispers turned to   309 00:29:18,000 --> 00:29:23,200 accusations — the old rumor about his  supposed Jewish ancestry resurfaced   310 00:29:23,200 --> 00:29:28,320 with a vengeance. This time, it  posed a serious threat. After all,   311 00:29:28,320 --> 00:29:34,400 Heydrich was now a rising star in a political  movement that was built on staunch antisemitism. 312 00:29:34,400 --> 00:29:39,440 The rumor originated from Halle, his  hometown. Local Nazi Party members,   313 00:29:39,440 --> 00:29:47,360 likely envious of his rapid ascent, fanned the  flames. On 6 June, the Gauleiter of Halle Rudolf   314 00:29:47,360 --> 00:29:52,880 Jordan, formally wrote to the Party’s  organizational chief, Gregor Strasser,   315 00:29:52,880 --> 00:29:59,520 raising a pointed concern. He mentioned ‘a party  member with the name of Heydrich whose father  316 00:29:59,520 --> 00:30:04,080 lives in Halle. There is reason to assume  that his father, Bruno Heydrich, is  317 00:30:04,080 --> 00:30:05,200 a Jew.’ 318 00:30:05,200 --> 00:30:11,040 Alarmed, Strasser handed the case to Dr. Achim  Gercke, the Nazi Party’s chief genealogist   319 00:30:11,040 --> 00:30:16,320 and head of their “Information Office.”  Less than two weeks later, on 22 June,   320 00:30:16,320 --> 00:30:23,040 Gercke responded. His report cleared Heydrich  completely: he was “of German origin and free   321 00:30:23,040 --> 00:30:29,600 from any trace of colored or Jewish blood.”  Gercke dismissed the claims as slander and took   322 00:30:29,600 --> 00:30:35,040 full responsibility for the assessment, even  offering to defend it in court if necessary. 323 00:30:35,040 --> 00:30:40,080 Despite this clarification, Heydrich  was deeply shaken by the re- emergence   324 00:30:40,080 --> 00:30:44,560 of the damaging rumours only a year  after his dismissal from the navy,   325 00:30:44,560 --> 00:30:50,000 rumours that threatened his carefully  rebuilt professional existence. Partly as   326 00:30:50,000 --> 00:30:56,400 a result of this embarrassing and potentially  career-terminating episode, Heydrich devoted   327 00:30:56,400 --> 00:31:02,240 great energy to his work in the summer of  1932. His ambitions continued to be vast. 328 00:31:02,240 --> 00:31:07,040 The rumour that Reinhard Heydrich had  Jewish ancestry started because of a   329 00:31:07,040 --> 00:31:12,880 misunderstanding around his family name.  In a 1916 edition of a music encyclopedia,   330 00:31:12,880 --> 00:31:17,520 Heydrich’s father Bruno  was listed as "Bruno Süss". 331 00:31:17,520 --> 00:31:25,600 Süss was the surname of Bruno’s stepfather, not  Bruno’s biological father. The word "Süss" sounded   332 00:31:25,600 --> 00:31:31,440 Jewish to many people, especially in a society  obsessed with racial purity like Nazi Germany.   333 00:31:31,440 --> 00:31:36,480 But in reality, Süss was not a Jewish name in  this case, and it didn't come from a Jewish   334 00:31:36,480 --> 00:31:45,120 family. But in an anti-Semitic environment, even  this kind of mix-up could cause serious problems. 335 00:31:45,120 --> 00:31:52,000 Because of this, many people wrongly assumed that  Reinhard had Jewish blood. The rumour had existed   336 00:31:52,000 --> 00:31:58,400 since his childhood, where some of his classmates  used to mock him by calling him “the White Jew” or   337 00:31:58,400 --> 00:32:04,640 “White Moses.” These were meant as insults, based  on nothing more than stereotypes and jealousy. 338 00:32:04,640 --> 00:32:09,200 Anyways, In 1933 The Nazis seized power—and almost   339 00:32:09,200 --> 00:32:12,320 immediately unleashed a wave  of suppression and violence. 340 00:32:12,320 --> 00:32:16,960 But Reinhard Heydrich didn’t play a major  role in the initial street-level terror   341 00:32:16,960 --> 00:32:23,520 that swept Berlin. Instead, he watched  from the sidelines—calculating, waiting,   342 00:32:23,520 --> 00:32:29,120 and plotting his next move: to take control  of the very machinery of the German state. 343 00:32:29,120 --> 00:32:35,680 Under the old Weimar Republic, Germany had no  unified police system. Each state maintained its   344 00:32:35,680 --> 00:32:42,880 own law enforcement agencies—a fragmented system  ripe for exploitation. Heydrich and his superior,   345 00:32:42,880 --> 00:32:49,760 Heinrich Himmler, saw this as an opportunity. But  to transform it, they needed to centralize power,   346 00:32:49,760 --> 00:32:55,120 uniting the various state and local police  forces under a single command—the SS. 347 00:32:55,120 --> 00:33:02,000 They began with Bavaria, one of Germany’s largest  and most influential states. Its capital, Munich,   348 00:33:02,000 --> 00:33:08,720 was the birthplace of Nazism. But the regional  government remained hesitant to accept full Nazi   349 00:33:08,720 --> 00:33:13,760 control. That hesitation quickly vanished  after consistent threats of violence were   350 00:33:13,760 --> 00:33:20,560 made against local officials. Ultimately,  Bavaria folded, recognizing Hitler's authority. 351 00:33:20,560 --> 00:33:26,000 With the political resistance crushed, Heydrich  took over the Bavarian political police,   352 00:33:26,000 --> 00:33:30,480 reorganizing it according to SS  principles. Under his command,   353 00:33:30,480 --> 00:33:36,000 the police began rounding up communists,  Social Democrats, union leaders, and Jews.   354 00:33:36,000 --> 00:33:40,320 Many were sent to newly built  concentration camps like Dachau. 355 00:33:40,320 --> 00:33:43,200 And Bavaria was just the beginning. 356 00:33:43,200 --> 00:33:48,160 One by one, Heydrich and Himmler bullied and  coerced other German states into accepting   357 00:33:48,160 --> 00:33:56,560 Nazi control. As each state submitted, its police  forces were absorbed by the SS. By summer 1934,   358 00:33:56,560 --> 00:34:01,600 the only major law enforcement body  not under SS control was in Prussia. 359 00:34:01,600 --> 00:34:06,240 This wasn't because prussia was  reluctant to accept the nazis. In fact,   360 00:34:06,240 --> 00:34:11,600 its State president Herman Goering was  a leading member of the Nazi party. The   361 00:34:11,600 --> 00:34:18,000 real issue was power. Göring commanded  Prussia’s secret police—the Gestapo—and   362 00:34:18,000 --> 00:34:21,440 he had no intention of handing  it over to Himmler and Heydrich. 363 00:34:21,440 --> 00:34:27,600 However, Göring found himself caught between two  dangerous forces: the SS, growing more powerful by   364 00:34:27,600 --> 00:34:34,560 the day, and Ernst Röhm, the head of the unruly  SA stormtroopers. Röhm had become increasingly   365 00:34:34,560 --> 00:34:40,960 volatile, even threatening a second revolution  to purge so-called "traitors" within the party. 366 00:34:40,960 --> 00:34:43,280 As tensions escalated, Göring caved to pressure   367 00:34:43,280 --> 00:34:46,880 and reluctantly surrendered  control of the Gestapo. 368 00:34:49,200 --> 00:34:56,240 It wasn’t just Göring—Hitler himself feared that  Röhm, backed by nearly 3 million men in the SA,   369 00:34:56,240 --> 00:35:00,080 might one day overthrow him. Even the German Army   370 00:35:00,080 --> 00:35:05,760 was growing increasingly alarmed by Röhm’s  ambitions and the SA’s growing influence 371 00:35:05,760 --> 00:35:12,160 On April 22, 1934, 30-year-old Reinhard  Heydrich was appointed acting head of the   372 00:35:12,160 --> 00:35:20,080 Gestapo. The SS now had the political police  in its hands—and it was time to deal with Röhm. 373 00:35:21,760 --> 00:35:29,840 Heydrich moved quickly. He allegedly fabricated  a dossier, accusing Röhm of plotting a coup. The   374 00:35:29,840 --> 00:35:37,920 evidence, real or not, was convincing enough for  Hitler. Heydrich drew up hit lists, and between   375 00:35:37,920 --> 00:35:46,320 June 30 and July 2, 1934, the SS struck in what  became known as the Night of the Long Knives. 376 00:35:46,320 --> 00:35:52,160 Hundreds of SA leaders were arrested and  executed—including Ernst Röhm himself. And   377 00:35:52,160 --> 00:35:59,200 mind you, Ernst Röhm was also the godfather of  Heydrich’s child. Despite this personal bond,   378 00:35:59,200 --> 00:36:04,080 Heydrich showed no hesitation when it  came to orchestrating Röhm’s downfall 379 00:36:04,080 --> 00:36:08,240 With the SA destroyed, the SS  emerged as the dominant power,   380 00:36:08,240 --> 00:36:12,880 and the Gestapo became its weapon. From this moment on, Heydrich and   381 00:36:12,880 --> 00:36:22,640 Himmler controlled the entire law  enforcement apparatus of Nazi Germany. 382 00:36:22,640 --> 00:36:27,120 People of the same blood  should be in the same Reich.” 383 00:36:27,120 --> 00:36:33,280 Hitler’s dream was to unite Germany and Austria —  two nations he believed were destined to be one. 384 00:36:33,280 --> 00:36:38,480 And on March 12th, 1938, that  dream turned into reality. 385 00:36:38,480 --> 00:36:42,960 As tensions across Europe reached  a breaking point, Hitler made his   386 00:36:42,960 --> 00:36:50,400 move—he annexed Austria. On March 12th,  1938, German troops marched into Vienna,   387 00:36:50,400 --> 00:36:57,040 forcing the Austrian chancellor to step down.  This event would later be called the Anschluss. 388 00:36:57,040 --> 00:37:04,160 Soon after, Heydrich’s SD and Gestapo began  cleaning house. They arrested anyone who might   389 00:37:04,160 --> 00:37:11,040 stand in the way—Communists, supporters of the  old government, and royalists. In just a few days,   390 00:37:11,040 --> 00:37:17,600 they detained over 21,000 people, most of whom  were sent straight to concentration camps. 391 00:37:17,600 --> 00:37:23,520 After the Anschluss, Hitler set his sights on  Czechoslovakia — particularly the Sudetenland,   392 00:37:23,520 --> 00:37:25,840 a German-speaking border region. 393 00:37:25,840 --> 00:37:30,080 He claimed he was protecting  ethnic Germans. But in truth,   394 00:37:30,080 --> 00:37:33,600 it was part of a larger plan  to dominate Eastern Europe. 395 00:37:33,600 --> 00:37:39,520 In September 1938, under pressure from Hitler  and with the infamous Munich Agreement,   396 00:37:39,520 --> 00:37:44,000 Britain and France handed over  the Sudetenland without a fight. 397 00:37:44,000 --> 00:37:47,200 But Hitler wasn’t satisfied. 398 00:37:47,200 --> 00:37:52,960 Just a few months later, in March  1939, Nazi forces invaded the rest of   399 00:37:52,960 --> 00:37:59,920 Czechoslovakia. The country was torn apart — the Slovak Republic became a puppet state,   400 00:37:59,920 --> 00:38:04,960 and the remaining lands were turned into  the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia,   401 00:38:04,960 --> 00:38:07,680 directly governed by the Nazis. 402 00:38:07,680 --> 00:38:14,320 Once again, Heydrich's men swept in. His  SS and Gestapo forces crushed resistance   403 00:38:14,320 --> 00:38:20,880 in Prague just as they had done in Vienna. But  these repressive crackdowns weren’t the main   404 00:38:20,880 --> 00:38:29,600 act—they were just the warm-up. The real test  for Heydrich's cruelty came next—in Poland. 405 00:38:29,600 --> 00:38:34,480 As Germany prepared for war,  Heydrich was given two major tasks. 406 00:38:34,480 --> 00:38:39,520 First, his SD units were to engage  in small scale border skirmishes   407 00:38:39,520 --> 00:38:43,760 immediately before the planned Invasion  which would give Hitler a pretext for   408 00:38:43,760 --> 00:38:48,880 invading Poland. Essentially heydrich  was leading a false flag operation. 409 00:38:48,880 --> 00:38:55,760 Second, Hitler wanted the Polish elite completely  wiped out. This became Operation Tannenberg,   410 00:38:55,760 --> 00:39:00,800 a secret plan to destroy Poland’s  leadership and spirit. Heydrich   411 00:39:00,800 --> 00:39:06,400 created a list of 61,000 prominent  Poles to be tracked down and killed.   412 00:39:06,400 --> 00:39:11,760 This list included intellectuals, religious  leaders, politicians, Jews, and Communists. 413 00:39:11,760 --> 00:39:17,680 To carry this out, Heydrich turned to  his Einsatzgruppen—brutal squads of SS   414 00:39:17,680 --> 00:39:22,720 and Gestapo members. Originally formed  during the Czechoslovakian takeover,   415 00:39:22,720 --> 00:39:27,680 these units now had one purpose: mass executions. 416 00:39:27,680 --> 00:39:35,920 Within weeks of the invasion, 2,000 Einsatzgruppen  soldiers murdered over 16,000 civilians. And   417 00:39:35,920 --> 00:39:42,960 according to historian Volker Ullrich, that number  would rise to 40,000 by the end of the year. 418 00:39:42,960 --> 00:39:48,160 This was a turning point. Heydrich  wasn’t just locking people up—he was   419 00:39:48,160 --> 00:39:54,160 ordering mass killings. And he was doing  it with speed and precision. This wasn’t   420 00:39:54,160 --> 00:40:00,000 just about loyalty to Hitler—it seemed like  Heydrich was starting to enjoy the bloodshed. 421 00:40:00,000 --> 00:40:04,880 Some say he was trying to make up for  his past failures in the navy. Others   422 00:40:04,880 --> 00:40:10,400 believe he saw extreme violence as a  way to cement his power inside the SS. 423 00:40:10,400 --> 00:40:15,920 But one thing was certain—Operation  Tannenberg was the moment Heydrich truly   424 00:40:15,920 --> 00:40:20,560 became what Hitler later called: "The Man with the Iron Heart."  425 00:40:20,560 --> 00:40:27,440 A man so evil, that Hitler called  him the man with the iron heart. 426 00:40:27,440 --> 00:40:32,800 The interval has arrived — so if you’re still  watching this video till now, Comment "I love   427 00:40:32,800 --> 00:40:38,320 you Roger" below. Dropping this comment  will motivate me to keep making these long,   428 00:40:38,320 --> 00:40:43,440 highly researched videos. It’ll also let me  know that people actually watch these long   429 00:40:43,440 --> 00:40:50,640 documentaries. So don’t forget to comment: "I love  you Roger". Now, let’s get back to our story." 430 00:40:50,640 --> 00:40:55,600 As war raged across Europe, the Nazi  leadership recognized a growing need   431 00:40:55,600 --> 00:41:01,680 to tighten their grip—not just over Germany,  but over the lands they were about to conquer. 432 00:41:01,680 --> 00:41:05,600 They needed order. Ruthless  and centralized control. 433 00:41:05,600 --> 00:41:08,480 And so, just weeks after the invasion of Poland,   434 00:41:08,480 --> 00:41:14,640 the Nazi regime created something  entirely new… something terrifying. 435 00:41:14,640 --> 00:41:19,200 On September 27th, 1939, the  Nazis officially established   436 00:41:19,200 --> 00:41:26,560 the RSHA—Reichssicherheitshauptamt,  or the Reich Main Security Office. 437 00:41:26,560 --> 00:41:32,560 Its goal was simple: centralize all of Nazi  Germany’s security and intelligence services   438 00:41:32,560 --> 00:41:40,160 into one powerful organization—one that would  answer only to Himmler and, ultimately, Hitler. 439 00:41:40,160 --> 00:41:45,360 And to lead it… they chose Reinhard  Heydrich. Heddrich was already feared   440 00:41:45,360 --> 00:41:50,560 as the head of the SD and the  Gestapo. But now with the RSHA,   441 00:41:50,560 --> 00:41:56,320 he was given authority over far more than  just surveillance. Under his control,   442 00:41:56,320 --> 00:42:04,080 the RSHA combined the SD, the Gestapo,  the Kripo, or German Criminal Police and   443 00:42:04,080 --> 00:42:09,200 several smaller agencies, all responsible for  investigation, racial policy and enforcement.   444 00:42:09,200 --> 00:42:15,280 This meant that Heydrich now had eyes everywhere  - in cities, in villages, in concentration camps,   445 00:42:15,280 --> 00:42:21,440 in military zones, even within the Nazi  party itself. Every whisper of resistance,   446 00:42:21,440 --> 00:42:27,840 every act of defiance, every citizen deemed a  threat to the Reich was now under Heydrich's   447 00:42:27,840 --> 00:42:34,800 jurisdiction. And this wasn't just power, it was  total surveillance. With the creation of the RSHA,   448 00:42:34,800 --> 00:42:41,680 Reinhard Heydrich became the single most powerful  figure in the entire Nazi security apparatus. He   449 00:42:41,680 --> 00:42:49,360 was no longer just the man behind the curtain.  He was the man watching the entire stage. 450 00:42:49,360 --> 00:42:55,760 In the spring of 1941, Heydrich was informed  about Operation Barbarossa—the Nazi plan to   451 00:42:55,760 --> 00:43:01,600 launch a surprise invasion of the Soviet Union.  Hitler believed that by striking quickly,   452 00:43:01,600 --> 00:43:08,240 he could crush the Soviets, dominate the entire  European continent, and finally defeat Britain.   453 00:43:08,240 --> 00:43:14,720 But this wasn’t just a military campaign—it  was a war of ideologies. Hitler knew that a   454 00:43:14,720 --> 00:43:20,080 war against the Communists was going to be a war  of ideologies which required total annihilation   455 00:43:20,080 --> 00:43:27,280 of one side or the other. Hitler saw communism  and the Soviet system as an existential threat.   456 00:43:27,280 --> 00:43:30,640 He believed the only way  to destroy An ideology was   457 00:43:30,640 --> 00:43:36,960 through absolute brutality and Hydrich's  einsatzgruppen was ideal for the task. 458 00:43:36,960 --> 00:43:41,520 In preparation for the invasion, Heydrich  issued deliberately vague orders to his   459 00:43:41,520 --> 00:43:46,800 men. He simply told them to target,  quote, “all Jews in the service of the   460 00:43:46,800 --> 00:43:51,600 Communist Party and the state.” That  was all the green light they needed. 461 00:43:51,600 --> 00:43:59,520 On June 22, 1941, around four million Axis  troops crossed into the Soviet Union in what   462 00:43:59,520 --> 00:44:05,840 would become the largest land invasion in human  history. And as the army pushed east, Heydrich’s   463 00:44:05,840 --> 00:44:13,600 Einsatzgruppen followed close behind—Unleashing  a wave of Terror throughout the Soviet union.   464 00:44:13,600 --> 00:44:20,400 The Einsatzgruppen killed approximately 1.3  to 1.5 million people in the Soviet Union. 465 00:44:20,400 --> 00:44:26,880 One of the most infamous atrocities occurred  in Babi Yar, just outside of kyiv. Over the   466 00:44:26,880 --> 00:44:34,080 course of two days,an einsatzgruppen unit  murdered 33,000 Jews in a nearby ravine. 467 00:44:34,080 --> 00:44:40,080 While Reinhard Heydrich’s Einsatzgruppen were  unleashing a wave of terror across the Soviet   468 00:44:40,080 --> 00:44:47,680 Union, on the other side of the frontlines,  Heydrich himself was flying combat missions. 469 00:44:47,680 --> 00:44:52,640 Yes—apart from being a failed naval  officer and a brutal Nazi leader,   470 00:44:52,640 --> 00:44:56,160 Heydrich also considered himself a fighter pilot. 471 00:44:56,160 --> 00:45:00,480 During the earlier Norwegian campaign, he  had already flown several reconnaissance   472 00:45:00,480 --> 00:45:04,640 and support missions, craving  recognition as a man of action,   473 00:45:04,640 --> 00:45:10,800 not just a desk-bound bureaucrat. And in  1941, as Operation Barbarossa unfolded,   474 00:45:10,800 --> 00:45:16,640 Heydrich insisted on taking to the skies  once again—this time, over Soviet territory. 475 00:45:16,640 --> 00:45:20,800 But during one of those missions,  his aircraft was shot down. 476 00:45:20,800 --> 00:45:26,320 Somehow, he survived the crash and managed  to escape before Soviet forces could capture   477 00:45:26,320 --> 00:45:32,160 him. It was a narrow escape—and  it shook the Nazi high command. 478 00:45:32,160 --> 00:45:35,360 Heinrich Himmler was furious. He ordered Heydrich   479 00:45:35,360 --> 00:45:39,360 to stop flying immediately.  He was too valuable to lose. 480 00:45:39,360 --> 00:45:45,280 But this episode revealed something crucial  about Heydrich’s personality—his recklessness,   481 00:45:45,280 --> 00:45:49,920 his thirst for adventure, and his  relentless ambition. He didn’t just   482 00:45:49,920 --> 00:45:56,720 want to be feared as a ruthless strategist.  He wanted to prove himself a warrior too. 483 00:45:56,720 --> 00:46:00,480 It was this dangerous mix—of intellect, cruelty,   484 00:46:00,480 --> 00:46:05,200 and boldness—that made Heydrich one of  the deadliest men in the Third Reich. 485 00:46:05,200 --> 00:46:19,760 But this very reckless spirit of adventure would  ultimately become the cause of Heydrich’s death. 486 00:46:19,760 --> 00:46:27,520 After Germany invaded Czechoslovakia in March  1939, Hitler split the country into two parts.   487 00:46:27,520 --> 00:46:34,400 The first was the Slovak Republic, a puppet  state under the control of the Nazis with Josef   488 00:46:34,400 --> 00:46:40,480 Tiso installed as its president. The second  was the protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia,   489 00:46:40,480 --> 00:46:46,960 which was placed under direct Nazi rule. This  region was strategically important to Hitler,   490 00:46:46,960 --> 00:46:52,640 not just politically, but economically  as well. Bohemia and Moravia were rich   491 00:46:52,640 --> 00:46:58,240 in raw materials that were crucial for the  German war effort, including coal, iron,   492 00:46:58,240 --> 00:47:03,760 steel, and other industrial resources.  It also had a strong manufacturing base,   493 00:47:03,760 --> 00:47:09,760 especially in arms and machinery, which the Nazis  quickly absorbed into their military economy. 494 00:47:09,760 --> 00:47:14,480 At first, Hitler appointed Konstantin  von Neurath, a conservative diplomat,   495 00:47:14,480 --> 00:47:20,560 to oversee the area. But Neurath was too  soft for Hitler's liking. He tried to   496 00:47:20,560 --> 00:47:25,760 maintain order using traditional  means—diplomacy, compromise,   497 00:47:25,760 --> 00:47:33,920 and minimal violence. The result? Strikes,  sabotage, and growing Czech resistance. 498 00:47:33,920 --> 00:47:38,400 By 1941, Hitler had had enough. He needed someone   499 00:47:38,400 --> 00:47:42,880 ruthless—someone who would crush  resistance without hesitation. 500 00:47:43,440 --> 00:47:47,680 And so, he turned to Reinhard Heydrich. 501 00:47:47,680 --> 00:47:54,080 Heydrich already had a reputation as one of the  most feared men in the Third Reich. He was brutal,   502 00:47:54,080 --> 00:48:00,800 loyal, and efficient. Hitler believed Heydrich  could do what von Neurath couldn’t: break the will   503 00:48:00,800 --> 00:48:07,440 of the Czech people and turn the Protectorate  into a model of Nazi order and productivity. 504 00:48:07,440 --> 00:48:14,160 In September 1941, Heydrich was appointed  Acting Reich Protector of Bohemia and   505 00:48:14,160 --> 00:48:20,000 Moravia. From the moment he arrived  in Prague, he ruled with an iron fist.  506 00:48:20,000 --> 00:48:25,920 He executed over 400 people in his first  few months, targeting resistance members,   507 00:48:25,920 --> 00:48:31,040 intellectuals, and anyone suspected  of disloyalty. Thousands more were   508 00:48:31,040 --> 00:48:36,640 arrested and sent to concentration  camps. Streets were silenced by fear.   509 00:48:37,360 --> 00:48:43,840 And yet, alongside the terror, Heydrich  improved food rations and working conditions—not   510 00:48:43,840 --> 00:48:49,520 out of compassion, but to keep the Czech  factories running for the Nazi war effort. 511 00:48:49,520 --> 00:48:56,000 On 20 January 1942, Heydrich summoned a  secret conference of high ranking Nazi   512 00:48:56,000 --> 00:49:04,080 officials at Wansee. After this conference,  the tragic fate of millions of Jews was sealed.   513 00:49:04,720 --> 00:49:12,000 But Heydrich may have also triggered an ancient  curse. In Prague Castle, kept under heavy guard,   514 00:49:12,000 --> 00:49:14,560 lay the Crown of Saint Wenceslas — part  of the Bohemian Crown Jewels. According   515 00:49:14,560 --> 00:49:18,400 to Czech legend, any usurper  who dares to place the crown   516 00:49:18,400 --> 00:49:25,440 on their head — someone unworthy of the  Bohemian throne — will die within a year. 517 00:49:25,440 --> 00:49:32,000 The legend dates back centuries and is tied  to St. Wenceslas, the patron saint of Bohemia.   518 00:49:32,000 --> 00:49:37,520 The crown is said to be sacred — a divine  symbol of Czech sovereignty. To wear it   519 00:49:37,520 --> 00:49:43,200 unlawfully is not only treasonous… but fatal. It is rumored — even believed by many — that   520 00:49:43,200 --> 00:49:48,560 Heydrich, in a moment of arrogance or mockery,  privately wore the Crown of Saint Wenceslas   521 00:49:48,560 --> 00:49:55,840 while alone inside Prague Castle. There were no  witnesses, but whispers of the act spread quickly.   522 00:49:56,400 --> 00:50:02,720 If true, it would mean that he had fulfilled  the exact condition of the ancient curse:   523 00:50:02,720 --> 00:50:08,800 an unworthy ruler placing the sacred Bohemian  crown on his head. And just as the legend   524 00:50:08,800 --> 00:50:16,240 warned — any such man would die within a year.  And in Heydrich’s case… the curse didn’t miss 525 00:50:16,240 --> 00:50:21,200 Because Heydrich’s reign of terror  in Prague had not gone unnoticed.  526 00:50:21,200 --> 00:50:25,200 Back in Britain, the Czechoslovak  government-in-exile, led by President   527 00:50:25,200 --> 00:50:30,560 Edvard Beneš, had been closely watching the  Protectorate’s suffering. They knew that to   528 00:50:30,560 --> 00:50:38,560 inspire hope at home and prove their loyalty to  the Allies, they needed to strike a decisive blow.  529 00:50:38,560 --> 00:50:43,840 Something that would send a message not  just to the Nazis, but to the world.  530 00:50:43,840 --> 00:50:50,240 And so, a daring plan was born. The plan was simple. assassinate   531 00:50:50,240 --> 00:50:56,880 Reinhard Heydrich, the most powerful Nazi in  occupied Europe. The operation would be called   532 00:50:56,880 --> 00:51:04,080 Anthropoid. To carry it out, the Czech government  in exile turned to the British Special Operations   533 00:51:04,080 --> 00:51:11,360 Executive, the SOE. The SOE trained exiled  soldiers from Czechoslovakia in sabotage,   534 00:51:11,360 --> 00:51:18,400 explosives, guerrilla tactics, and silent killing.  The original plan was to send Joseph Gabchik, a   535 00:51:18,400 --> 00:51:24,640 Slovak, and Karel Svoboda, a Czech staff sergeant.  They were chosen for the mission on October 28th,   536 00:51:24,640 --> 00:51:32,640 1941, Czechoslovakia's independence day. A  symbolic date meant to echo National Defiance.   537 00:51:32,640 --> 00:51:38,560 But before deployment, Svoboda suffered a head  injury during training. He had to be replaced, the   538 00:51:38,560 --> 00:51:45,360 new candidate, Jan Kubish, a Czech artilleryman.  But Kubish hadn't completed his training, nor had   539 00:51:45,360 --> 00:51:51,360 his false identity documents been prepared. The  mission was delayed. Finally, when everything was   540 00:51:51,360 --> 00:51:56,240 in place, these two men were selected for what  would become one of the most daring operations   541 00:51:56,240 --> 00:52:04,400 of the war. 30-year-old Joseph Gabchik and  27-year-old Jan Kubish. Gabčík had served in   542 00:52:04,400 --> 00:52:11,520 the Czechoslovak army and was known for his sharp  mind and technical skills. Kubiš had fought in the   543 00:52:11,520 --> 00:52:19,360 artillery, with frontline experience and nerves of  steel. Both had already resisted the Nazis — first   544 00:52:19,360 --> 00:52:25,440 during the occupation of Czechoslovakia, and  later in France. Both had escaped to Britain,   545 00:52:25,440 --> 00:52:31,360 and both understood one thing: this was a  mission with almost no chance of survival. 546 00:52:31,360 --> 00:52:37,600 They had no illusions of returning to London,  or even surviving in Prague. But if Heydrich’s   547 00:52:37,600 --> 00:52:44,400 death could weaken Nazi control over Europe,  the mission was worth it. Heydrich had to die. 548 00:52:44,400 --> 00:52:47,360 After weeks of brutal training, they were ready. 549 00:52:47,360 --> 00:52:52,560 On the freezing night of December 28th,  1941, a British Halifax bomber roared   550 00:52:52,560 --> 00:52:57,920 over Czechoslovakia, flying low to  avoid detection. At around 2 a.m.,   551 00:52:57,920 --> 00:53:03,120 Gabčík and Kubiš parachuted into the  darkness, aiming for a location near Plzeň. 552 00:53:03,120 --> 00:53:06,320 But immediately, everything went wrong. 553 00:53:06,320 --> 00:53:13,120 A snowstorm raged below. The drop zone  was missed. The two agents landed 75 miles   554 00:53:13,120 --> 00:53:18,480 off-target. And worse—Gabčík misjudged  his landing and badly injured his ankle   555 00:53:18,480 --> 00:53:24,400 on the frozen ground. He could barely walk,  relying on Kubiš’s help just to stay upright. 556 00:53:24,400 --> 00:53:31,840 They were lost, exposed, and vulnerable.  In deep snow, any Gestapo patrol could   557 00:53:31,840 --> 00:53:37,200 have followed their bootprints and caught  them easily. The mission appeared doomed   558 00:53:37,200 --> 00:53:43,040 from the start,but thankfully there  was no Gestapo unit anywhere nearby.  559 00:53:43,040 --> 00:53:48,080 Instead, a local miller who had witnessed  their parachute landing discovered them   560 00:53:48,080 --> 00:53:54,080 hiding in a nearby quarry. As luck would have  it, the miller was connected to the resistance.   561 00:53:54,080 --> 00:53:59,760 With his assistance, Gabčík and Kubiš boarded  a train to Prague and, through his contacts,   562 00:53:59,760 --> 00:54:03,840 were introduced to key members of  the resistance network in the city.  563 00:54:03,840 --> 00:54:09,120 There, the resistance connected them with  safehouses and coordinated their next moves. 564 00:54:09,120 --> 00:54:14,960 Carrying fake papers, pistols, grenades,  cyanide capsules, and a British Sten gun,   565 00:54:14,960 --> 00:54:19,840 the two men slipped into the capital —  now the heart of the Nazi Protectorate.  566 00:54:19,840 --> 00:54:26,080 For the next five months, they lived like shadows,  constantly shifting between safehouses arranged   567 00:54:26,080 --> 00:54:30,400 by the Czech resistance group . In the shadows, the plan to kill   568 00:54:30,400 --> 00:54:35,600 Heydrich began to take shape. Gabčík and Kubiš stalked him for   569 00:54:35,600 --> 00:54:44,240 weeks — learning his routes, his habits, his blind  spots. They noticed something bizarre: Heydrich,   570 00:54:44,240 --> 00:54:49,360 despite being one of the most powerful men in  Nazi Europe, traveled in an open-top Mercedes,   571 00:54:49,360 --> 00:54:53,840 usually without escort. His only protection  was a driver — SS-Oberscharführer Johannes   572 00:54:53,840 --> 00:55:00,400 Klein. Sometimes, Heydrich even walked the  streets of Prague with no guards at all. 573 00:55:00,400 --> 00:55:02,080 He believed he was untouchable. 574 00:55:02,080 --> 00:55:04,240 Even Heinrich Himmler had advised him to tighten   575 00:55:04,240 --> 00:55:08,640 his personal security. But  Heydrich ignored the warning. 576 00:55:08,640 --> 00:55:14,960 And Hitler? He was furious. Hitler reportedly said “Such heroic gestures   577 00:55:14,960 --> 00:55:21,040 like driving in an open, unarmoured vehicle or  walking in the streets Prague unguarded are just   578 00:55:21,040 --> 00:55:25,920 damn stupidity. Men of importance like Heydrich  should know that they are being continually   579 00:55:25,920 --> 00:55:32,640 stalked. There are any number of people  just waiting to kill him.” And he was right. 580 00:55:32,640 --> 00:55:39,840 As the weeks passed, Gabchik and Kubisb began  searching for the perfect place to strike.   581 00:55:39,840 --> 00:55:42,480 They walked and cycled through the city,   582 00:55:42,480 --> 00:55:49,120 surveying every inch of Heydrich’s daily route  — from Prague Castle to his country residence.   583 00:55:49,120 --> 00:55:53,680 They searched for a location that offered  both a clear shot and a narrow window of   584 00:55:53,680 --> 00:56:02,240 vulnerability. The mission demanded absolute  precision. One mistake, and they were dead. 585 00:56:02,240 --> 00:56:06,640 By early February, they found their  opportunity — a tight hairpin turn   586 00:56:06,640 --> 00:56:13,120 in the Prague suburb of Libeň. Each morning,  Heydrich’s Mercedes was forced to slow down   587 00:56:13,120 --> 00:56:20,640 drastically at that turn — almost to a walking  pace. It was the perfect place for an ambush. 588 00:56:20,640 --> 00:56:24,400 Just behind the turn was a public bus  stop — the perfect cover,giving Gabčík   589 00:56:24,400 --> 00:56:28,800 and Kubiš the ideal cover to wait  without raising suspicion. Gabčík   590 00:56:28,800 --> 00:56:33,280 and Kubiš could blend in with  ordinary commuters… and wait. 591 00:56:33,280 --> 00:56:38,000 So The plan was that Gabčík would  fire at Heydrich’s car from the front,   592 00:56:38,000 --> 00:56:43,440 and Kubiš would throw a grenade from the  side to finish off whatever remained.  593 00:56:43,440 --> 00:56:48,400 When the resistance received a tip from  a Czech insider at Prague Castle that   594 00:56:48,400 --> 00:56:53,360 Heydrich would be meeting Hitler on May  27 — and likely leaving the country for   595 00:56:53,360 --> 00:57:01,978 several weeks — Gabčík and Kubiš chose that  day as the moment to carry out their mission.  596 00:57:01,978 --> 00:57:08,720 "If you kill Heydrich then  Hitler will tear Prague apart" 597 00:57:08,720 --> 00:57:13,200 Gabchík and Kubiš, despite final pleas  from their underground protectors  598 00:57:13,200 --> 00:57:21,600 to abandon the mission, decided  that it was time to act. 599 00:57:21,600 --> 00:57:27,520 On the morning of 27th May, Gabchik and  kubisb accordingly positioned themselves near  600 00:57:27,520 --> 00:57:33,200 the hairpin curve designated for the  attack. Despite the warm weather,   601 00:57:33,200 --> 00:57:39,760 Gabcík carried a raincoat over his arm,  concealing his sub-machine gun. On the  602 00:57:39,760 --> 00:57:44,560 opposite side of the street, Kubiš  was leaning against a lamp post, two  603 00:57:44,560 --> 00:57:48,800 highly sensitive fused bombs in his briefcase. A   604 00:57:48,800 --> 00:57:52,400 third man, Josef Val ík, who had been parachuted   605 00:57:52,400 --> 00:57:57,280 into the Protectorate in December, positioned  himself further up the hill where he acted as  606 00:57:57,280 --> 00:58:04,000 lookout for the approaching car. At  around 10.20 a.m., Valchik's shaving  607 00:58:04,000 --> 00:58:09,680 mirror flashed in the sun, signalling  that Heydrich's car was approaching.  608 00:58:09,680 --> 00:58:15,920 As the assassins had anticipated, Heydrich's  driver slowed down for the bend. When the car   609 00:58:15,920 --> 00:58:20,720 turned the corner, Gabčík leaped out,  aimed his submachine gun at Heydrich,   610 00:58:20,720 --> 00:58:27,680 and pulled the trigger — but in that crucial  moment, everything went terribly wrong.   611 00:58:33,360 --> 00:58:39,680 The gun jammed. But then Heydrich made a costly  mistake — instead of ordering his driver to   612 00:58:39,680 --> 00:58:46,160 speed away, he told him to stop. He pulled out his  pistol and aimed it at Gabčík. But before he could   613 00:58:46,160 --> 00:58:56,480 fire, Kubiš stepped out of the shadows and tossed  a bomb toward the open Mercedes. He misjudged the   614 00:58:56,480 --> 00:59:02,320 distance and the bomb exploded against the car's  rear wheel, throwing shrapnel back into Kubiš's   615 00:59:02,320 --> 00:59:09,040 face and shattering the windows of a passing  tram. The wounded Heydrich fired shots at Kubiš,   616 00:59:09,040 --> 00:59:15,840 but due to the smoke, not a single bullet hit  him — and Kubiš fled the scene on his bicycle. 617 00:59:15,840 --> 00:59:21,840 Meanwhile, on the other side, Gabčík threw  away his jammed Sten gun and tried to flee.  618 00:59:21,840 --> 00:59:27,840 But escape wasn’t easy for him. Heydrich’s driver, Klein, chased after him.  619 00:59:27,840 --> 00:59:32,720 Gabčík ran into a nearby butcher shop  — but quickly realised there was no   620 00:59:32,720 --> 00:59:36,320 back door. No exit. He was trapped.  621 00:59:36,320 --> 00:59:43,920 But as Klein stepped inside, Gabčík fired two  shots into his legs — and made his escape. 622 00:59:43,920 --> 00:59:49,360 After the assassins made their escape, Heydrich  was rushed to a nearby hospital. While surgeons   623 00:59:49,360 --> 00:59:54,240 worked on him, news of the attack reached  both Himmler and Hitler — and their fury   624 00:59:54,240 --> 01:00:02,560 was immediate. Himmler was allegedly so shaken  that he burst into years. Both demanded Swift and   625 01:00:02,560 --> 01:00:08,960 severe retributions. Hitler instantly called  for the execution of 10,000 Czech hostages,   626 01:00:08,960 --> 01:00:12,720 declaring that The Czechs have to learn the lesson that if they shoot   627 01:00:12,720 --> 01:00:17,840 down one man, he will immediately be replaced by somebody even worse.’  628 01:00:17,840 --> 01:00:23,760 Thankfully, Heydrich’s deputy, Karl Hermann Frank,  managed to calm the enraged Hitler. Fearing that   629 01:00:23,760 --> 01:00:28,240 mass reprisals could damage Germany’s  vital economic interests in the region,   630 01:00:28,240 --> 01:00:35,040 Frank immediately flew to Berlin to argue his  case. He insisted the attack was an isolated act,   631 01:00:35,040 --> 01:00:40,240 orchestrated from London, and warned that  indiscriminate killings would harm Germany’s   632 01:00:40,240 --> 01:00:46,960 war effort and could cause the Czech resistance  to spread even further. Large-scale massacres,   633 01:00:46,960 --> 01:00:52,960 he argued, would also undo Heydrich’s effective  occupation policies, cripple Czech armament   634 01:00:52,960 --> 01:00:59,440 production, and fuel enemy propaganda. His  reasoning worked — at least for the moment.   635 01:00:59,440 --> 01:01:03,360 Hitler withdrew his order to  execute 10,000 Czech hostages,   636 01:01:03,360 --> 01:01:08,800 but remained adamant that the assassins  must be found and captured without delay. 637 01:01:08,800 --> 01:01:16,000 More than 12,000 Gestapo and SS personnel  spread out across Prague, raiding nearly 36,000   638 01:01:16,000 --> 01:01:21,840 buildings in their search for the assassins. Yet,  despite leaving hardly a single home unchecked,   639 01:01:21,840 --> 01:01:28,320 the massive police operation failed to achieve  its goal — the assassins were nowhere to be found.  640 01:01:28,320 --> 01:01:31,600 The Nazis announced a reward of  10 million Kronen for capturing   641 01:01:31,600 --> 01:01:36,400 the assassins. Anyone found sheltering  or helping them, or even knowing their   642 01:01:36,400 --> 01:01:43,520 identities or location and failing to report it,  would be executed along with their entire family.  643 01:01:43,520 --> 01:01:48,720 Meanwhile, as the massive manhunt for Heydrich’s  assassins raged on, in the hospital Heydrich   644 01:01:48,720 --> 01:01:52,960 seemed to be recovering well, and it  appeared he would soon be out of danger.  645 01:01:52,960 --> 01:01:59,440 For days after the surgery, his condition improved  steadily — he was alert, speaking to visitors, and   646 01:01:59,440 --> 01:02:06,560 even discussed future plans. But on the morning  of June 4th, everything changed. Without warning,   647 01:02:06,560 --> 01:02:12,320 Heydrich’s temperature spiked, and he slipped  into a coma. Doctors quickly realized that a   648 01:02:12,320 --> 01:02:19,120 deadly infection had taken hold.Within hours,  Heydrich’s organs began to fail. By midday,   649 01:02:19,120 --> 01:02:27,680 it was clear he would not survive. At 4:30  AM on June 4th, 1942, Reinhard Heydrich,   650 01:02:27,680 --> 01:02:33,520 one of the most feared men in Nazi Germany, was  pronounced dead — not from the blast itself,   651 01:02:33,520 --> 01:02:42,000 but from septicemia caused by the infection. On June 7th, 1942, Reinhard Heydrich's body was   652 01:02:42,000 --> 01:02:48,800 placed in a coffin. His funeral procession through  Prague was unlike anything the city had ever seen.   653 01:02:48,800 --> 01:02:55,200 Streets were lined with thousands of German  soldiers in full parade uniform. Military bands   654 01:02:55,200 --> 01:03:01,920 played solemn marches as the coffin carried on a  gun carriage slowly made its way to the station.   655 01:03:01,920 --> 01:03:06,800 From Prague, the coffin was transported to  Berlin, where the Nazi leadership gathered   656 01:03:06,800 --> 01:03:16,400 for a grand state funeral. The hall was filled  with black banners and an ocean of SS uniforms. 657 01:03:30,560 --> 01:03:37,440 Hitler declared Heydrich a martyr. On the other  hand, Himmler said, "I am privileged to thank you   658 01:03:37,440 --> 01:03:43,520 for your unswerving loyalty and for your wonderful  friendship, which was a bond between us in this   659 01:03:43,520 --> 01:03:49,440 life and which death can never put asunder!'" He also proclaimed that Heydrich was someone   660 01:03:49,440 --> 01:03:54,320 who should be emulated, though he acknowledged  that no one would be able to achieve such glory.  661 01:03:54,320 --> 01:03:59,280 The Nazis gave Heydrich a farewell  as if a great saint had died. 662 01:03:59,280 --> 01:04:04,160 On the very day of Heydrich’s grand funeral,  the Nazis received intelligence claiming   663 01:04:04,160 --> 01:04:10,080 that his assassins were hiding in the  small Czech village of Lidice. Hitler,   664 01:04:10,080 --> 01:04:14,560 seizing on this as an opportunity  for swift and brutal vengeance,   665 01:04:14,560 --> 01:04:19,200 ordered the village to be completely wiped  from the map—both as retaliation and as a   666 01:04:19,200 --> 01:04:24,160 chilling warning meant to compel others to turn  in the killers. But in the days that followed,   667 01:04:24,160 --> 01:04:29,920 a grim truth emerged: the reports were false.  Lidice had no connection to the resistance,   668 01:04:29,920 --> 01:04:36,400 and the assassins had never set foot there.  Yet the truth meant nothing to the nazis.   669 01:04:36,400 --> 01:04:43,360 After Liditce, rumours spread that every  10th Czech was to be shot. Despite the   670 01:04:43,360 --> 01:04:48,720 wave of terror that engulfed the population,  the assassins were still nowhere to be found. 671 01:04:48,720 --> 01:04:55,200 The massacre and destruction of Liditsé  failed to achieve the SS’s intended goal.   672 01:04:55,200 --> 01:05:01,200 No one stepped forward with clues or evidence  about the assassins’ whereabouts. Frustrated,   673 01:05:01,200 --> 01:05:05,760 the Nazis warned that if the culprits  were not handed over by June 18th,   674 01:05:05,760 --> 01:05:10,640 more executions would follow across the  territory. In the wake of this threat,   675 01:05:10,640 --> 01:05:17,760 the Nazis recieved nearly 2000 tips —one  of them from a man named Karel Čurda.  676 01:05:17,760 --> 01:05:24,320 Čurda himself was a resistance fighter,  but after witnessing the fate of Liditsé,   677 01:05:24,320 --> 01:05:30,560 he became terrified. As a result, he betrayed  the cause for the safety of his family. 678 01:05:30,560 --> 01:05:37,280 On June 16, 1942, he went to the Gestapo  headquarters in Prague. Although Čurda   679 01:05:37,280 --> 01:05:42,880 did not know the assassins’ exact present  location, he provided the Gestapo with the   680 01:05:42,880 --> 01:05:48,560 addresses of various safehouses they had  used. The Gestapo raided these safehouses,   681 01:05:48,560 --> 01:05:53,360 and after interrogation, they learned that the  assassins were hiding in the Church of Cyril and   682 01:05:53,360 --> 01:06:01,920 Methodius in Prague. Jozef Gabčík, Jan Kubiš,  Josef Valčík, and four other Czech and Slovak   683 01:06:01,920 --> 01:06:06,960 resistance fighters were holed up inside  the Church of Saints Cyril and Methodius. 684 01:06:06,960 --> 01:06:13,280 On the morning of June 18, 1942,  750 heavily armed SS troops and   685 01:06:13,280 --> 01:06:19,920 Gestapo officers surrounded the church. The  Nazis sealed off the surrounding streets,   686 01:06:19,920 --> 01:06:26,480 placing machine guns at key points. They were  determined that no one inside would escape alive. 687 01:06:26,480 --> 01:06:33,680 At around 4:00 AM, the assault began.  German troops stormed into the church,   688 01:06:33,680 --> 01:06:38,800 where they found three members of the resistance  — including Kubiš and Valčík — positioned in   689 01:06:38,800 --> 01:06:45,760 the upper gallery. A fierce gun battle  erupted. Bullets tore through the church’s   690 01:06:45,760 --> 01:06:55,680 sacred walls as the resistance fighters  returned fire with pistols and Sten guns.   691 01:07:02,800 --> 01:07:07,760 For over two hours, the upper floor became  a war zone, until the fighters were either   692 01:07:07,760 --> 01:07:13,040 mortally wounded or killed. Valčík  fought bravely but was killed in the   693 01:07:13,040 --> 01:07:18,720 firefight. Kubiš was gravely wounded  and later died from his injuries. 694 01:07:18,720 --> 01:07:22,560 Meanwhile, Gabčík and three other  resistance fighters were hiding   695 01:07:22,560 --> 01:07:29,680 in the church’s crypt beneath the floor,  accessible only by a narrow, hidden entrance. 696 01:07:29,680 --> 01:07:33,440 "Joseph, you should surrender now and save   697 01:07:33,440 --> 01:07:39,520 yourselves. Do you hear me?" "That's Čurda" "Čurda" "Čurda" 698 01:07:39,520 --> 01:07:43,200 Through the traitor, Karel  Čurda, the Nazis demanded   699 01:07:43,200 --> 01:07:52,640 that the remaining resistance fighters surrender. "You will be treated humanely as prisoners of war" 700 01:07:52,640 --> 01:07:54,560 "We will never surrender". 701 01:07:54,560 --> 01:08:02,560 But Gabčík and the others opened fire and their  reply was simple - "We will never surrender". 702 01:08:02,560 --> 01:08:08,640 The Germans poured in tear gas, fired through  the floor, and even tried flooding the chamber,   703 01:08:08,640 --> 01:08:13,920 but the men below fought back relentlessly.  They were not seeking escape — they were   704 01:08:13,920 --> 01:08:19,760 holding their ground. For hours they  returned fire, refusing to surrender. 705 01:08:19,760 --> 01:08:26,640 When their ammunition was nearly gone, each  man saved a final bullet for himself. Gabčík   706 01:08:26,640 --> 01:08:33,600 and the men made their final choice. One by  one, they turned their pistols on themselves,   707 01:08:33,600 --> 01:08:39,040 not in defeat, but to deny the Nazis  the triumph of taking them alive. 708 01:08:39,040 --> 01:08:42,000 When the Germans finally smashed into the crypt,   709 01:08:42,000 --> 01:08:47,360 all they found were the lifeless bodies of the  men who had assassinated Reinhard Heydrich. 710 01:08:47,360 --> 01:08:51,280 Meanwhile, on the other hand,  Čurda had received his reward.  711 01:08:51,280 --> 01:08:57,360 Had Čurda not betrayed the cause, perhaps  after the war these men would have been   712 01:08:57,360 --> 01:09:01,040 telling the story of Heydrich’s  assassination in their own words.  713 01:09:01,040 --> 01:09:06,720 Imagine Gabčík himself recounting the  moment when his Sten gun jammed right   714 01:09:06,720 --> 01:09:12,240 in front of Heydrich — and what went  through his mind in that split second. 715 01:09:12,240 --> 01:09:19,040 Surrounded, outnumbered, and wounded, they fought  to the last breath — not for medals, not for fame,   716 01:09:19,040 --> 01:09:25,120 but for the dream of a free homeland. Today,  their story stands as a reminder that even   717 01:09:25,120 --> 01:09:30,320 the mightiest tyrant can be brought low by  the courage of the few. My name is Roger,   718 01:09:30,320 --> 01:09:37,440 and this film was my humble tribute to the men  who laid down their lives for their motherland.87776

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