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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:01:35,300 --> 00:01:38,064 I kind of have two moons in my head, I guess, 2 00:01:38,169 --> 00:01:40,194 whereas most people just have one moon. 3 00:01:44,242 --> 00:01:48,269 I look at the Moon just like everybody else who's never been there 4 00:01:48,378 --> 00:01:52,314 and, you know, there it is and I've always thought it was interesting... 5 00:01:52,416 --> 00:01:56,216 Whether it's full or a sliver, or what have you. 6 00:01:57,421 --> 00:01:59,685 But every once in a while, I do think of a second moon, 7 00:01:59,790 --> 00:02:01,951 you know, the one that I recall from up close 8 00:02:02,059 --> 00:02:06,291 and, yeah, it is kind of hard to believe that I was actually up there. 9 00:02:10,032 --> 00:02:11,499 I want to promise you, I'm human. 10 00:02:11,601 --> 00:02:15,765 I pinched myself to find out whether it was really happening. 11 00:02:20,676 --> 00:02:25,170 I called the Moon my home for three days of my life 12 00:02:25,281 --> 00:02:27,044 and I'm here to tell you about it. 13 00:02:27,150 --> 00:02:28,777 That's science fiction. 14 00:02:34,122 --> 00:02:37,489 My father was born shortly after the Wright brothers. 15 00:02:42,364 --> 00:02:47,597 He could barely believe that I went to the Moon. 16 00:02:50,372 --> 00:02:53,603 But my son, Tom, was five. 17 00:02:53,708 --> 00:02:56,302 And he didn't think it was any big deal. 18 00:03:23,002 --> 00:03:25,061 Lift-off, we have a lift-off. 19 00:03:25,171 --> 00:03:27,571 32 minutes past the hour. 20 00:03:54,766 --> 00:03:56,563 The tower is clear. 21 00:04:21,325 --> 00:04:22,883 # Woke up this morning # 22 00:04:22,994 --> 00:04:24,825 # With light in my eyes... # 23 00:04:24,929 --> 00:04:27,090 One day, under secret orders, 24 00:04:27,197 --> 00:04:29,893 a group of us at the Test Pilot Center 25 00:04:30,000 --> 00:04:33,401 were ordered to go to Washington to get a briefing. 26 00:04:35,472 --> 00:04:38,669 And they talked about the Atlas booster 27 00:04:38,775 --> 00:04:43,337 and putting a capsule on top of that with a man in it, 28 00:04:43,446 --> 00:04:47,314 Uh, to... To try to put a man into space. 29 00:04:47,417 --> 00:04:49,180 And of course, at that time, 30 00:04:49,286 --> 00:04:54,553 the Atlas boosters were blowing up every other day down at Cape Canaveral. 31 00:04:56,692 --> 00:05:00,492 # Hey Mr. Spaceman # 32 00:05:00,596 --> 00:05:02,928 # Won't you please take me along # 33 00:05:03,032 --> 00:05:06,229 # I won't do anything wrong # 34 00:05:06,335 --> 00:05:10,499 And it looked like a very, you know, quick way to have a short career. 35 00:05:10,606 --> 00:05:12,938 # ...Take me along for a ride # 36 00:05:14,876 --> 00:05:16,468 # Woke up this morning # 37 00:05:16,577 --> 00:05:18,875 # I was feeling quite weird # 38 00:05:18,980 --> 00:05:20,572 # I had flies in my beard # 39 00:05:20,682 --> 00:05:23,276 # My toothpaste was smeared # 40 00:05:23,384 --> 00:05:27,445 # Over my window they'd written my name # 41 00:05:27,555 --> 00:05:30,718 # Said, "So long, we'll see you again" # 42 00:05:32,327 --> 00:05:36,161 # Hey Mr. Spaceman # 43 00:05:36,263 --> 00:05:38,527 # Won't you please take me along # 44 00:05:38,632 --> 00:05:40,964 # I won't do anything wrong # 45 00:05:41,068 --> 00:05:45,027 # Hey Mr. Spaceman # 46 00:05:45,138 --> 00:05:49,438 # Won't you please take # me along for a ride 47 00:06:06,992 --> 00:06:10,120 Now it is time to take longer strides, 48 00:06:10,229 --> 00:06:13,687 time for a great new American enterprise, 49 00:06:13,799 --> 00:06:18,031 time for this nation to take a clearly leading role 50 00:06:18,137 --> 00:06:19,866 in space achievement. 51 00:06:19,972 --> 00:06:23,373 Politically, it was about beating the Russians, 52 00:06:23,475 --> 00:06:25,909 but those of us with a science bent 53 00:06:26,010 --> 00:06:28,911 or a curious bent, knew it was more than that. 54 00:06:29,013 --> 00:06:32,073 I believe that this nation should commit itself 55 00:06:32,183 --> 00:06:36,620 to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, 56 00:06:36,721 --> 00:06:40,452 of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth. 57 00:06:40,558 --> 00:06:42,992 It was beautiful in its simplicity. 58 00:06:43,094 --> 00:06:44,994 Do what? Moon! 59 00:06:45,095 --> 00:06:46,756 When? End of decade! 60 00:06:46,864 --> 00:06:48,092 He challenged us to do 61 00:06:48,198 --> 00:06:51,656 what I think most people thought was impossible, including me. 62 00:06:51,769 --> 00:06:57,139 We go into space because whatever Mankind must undertake, 63 00:06:57,241 --> 00:06:59,607 free men must fully share. 64 00:07:02,045 --> 00:07:03,910 But in a very real sense, 65 00:07:04,014 --> 00:07:07,279 it will not be one man going to the Moon. 66 00:07:07,383 --> 00:07:09,613 We make this judgment affirmatively; 67 00:07:09,719 --> 00:07:12,051 It will be an entire nation. 68 00:07:12,155 --> 00:07:15,147 For all of us must work to put him there. 69 00:07:35,877 --> 00:07:39,745 I did the usual thing of making model airplanes. 70 00:07:39,848 --> 00:07:42,510 Most of them, little balsawood contraptions. 71 00:07:42,617 --> 00:07:47,213 Some of them actually flew and I liked that. 72 00:07:47,322 --> 00:07:52,191 So I'd been interested in mechanical objects in the sky, 73 00:07:52,293 --> 00:07:55,057 I guess, from as long as I could remember. 74 00:08:02,169 --> 00:08:05,866 I was always awed by flight. 75 00:08:05,973 --> 00:08:08,271 When I was a young lad, 76 00:08:08,375 --> 00:08:12,505 a barnstormer flying a World War I airplane 77 00:08:12,613 --> 00:08:20,884 landed on our farm and Dad helped him refuel and I got a ride, 78 00:08:20,987 --> 00:08:26,015 and he took me for a circle of the field and that was my first airplane ride, 79 00:08:26,125 --> 00:08:27,490 at about four years of age. 80 00:08:28,728 --> 00:08:30,923 The Mustangs dropped their wing tanks 81 00:08:31,030 --> 00:08:33,021 and plunged into the fight. 82 00:08:33,132 --> 00:08:36,533 Maybe it was the movies, maybe it was the real life news, 83 00:08:36,636 --> 00:08:40,732 but I knew that someday, sometime, 84 00:08:40,839 --> 00:08:42,864 that's what I wanted to do. 85 00:08:44,243 --> 00:08:47,576 I knew I wanted to fly airplanes. 86 00:08:49,147 --> 00:08:54,608 In '61, I had just graduated from the Test Pilot School 87 00:08:54,720 --> 00:08:59,817 and I had a job flying fighters in fighter tests at Edwards. 88 00:08:59,925 --> 00:09:01,984 At the Flight Test Center 89 00:09:02,093 --> 00:09:04,061 is the fastest school in the world: 90 00:09:04,161 --> 00:09:07,494 The United States Air Force Flight Test School, 91 00:09:07,598 --> 00:09:10,158 from whose doors upon graduation 92 00:09:10,268 --> 00:09:12,463 come the men destined to push back 93 00:09:12,570 --> 00:09:15,004 the frontiers of aeronautical knowledge. 94 00:09:31,187 --> 00:09:33,246 Test pilot experience was critical. 95 00:09:34,490 --> 00:09:38,187 It was a profession with a lot of esprit de corps 96 00:09:38,295 --> 00:09:41,958 and a lot of danger and a pioneering spirit. 97 00:10:02,918 --> 00:10:06,649 And when you're at supersonic speeds and high altitudes, 98 00:10:06,755 --> 00:10:10,191 learning to survive that and bring your machine back down, 99 00:10:10,291 --> 00:10:15,957 it's the fundamental task and the higher and faster you flew, 100 00:10:16,064 --> 00:10:18,498 the more dangerous and more exciting it became. 101 00:10:27,809 --> 00:10:30,175 I thought I had the best job in the world 102 00:10:30,278 --> 00:10:33,611 from the day I entered flight training until I looked on TV 103 00:10:33,714 --> 00:10:36,376 one day and Al Shepherd goes up in a rocket. 104 00:10:36,483 --> 00:10:38,917 The rocket performs perfectly! 105 00:10:39,019 --> 00:10:43,046 He's gone higher than I've ever gone and faster than I've ever gone 106 00:10:43,156 --> 00:10:45,624 and most important, he's made more noise doing it. 107 00:10:45,726 --> 00:10:47,523 He's even on TV doing it! 108 00:10:47,628 --> 00:10:50,620 How do I... How do I get that job? 109 00:10:54,201 --> 00:10:56,362 "I've Got A Secret!" 110 00:10:56,469 --> 00:10:58,164 Brought to you tonight by... 111 00:10:58,270 --> 00:11:00,636 Dream Whip! 112 00:11:00,740 --> 00:11:02,674 The light, delicious topping 113 00:11:02,775 --> 00:11:05,710 that won't wilt on your desserts. 114 00:11:05,811 --> 00:11:07,244 Dream Whip! 115 00:11:07,346 --> 00:11:10,577 Now, if you'll whisper your secret to me, Mr. And Mrs. Armstrong, 116 00:11:10,683 --> 00:11:12,514 We'll show it at the same time to our audience at home. 117 00:11:12,618 --> 00:11:13,812 If you'll both lean in and whisper. 118 00:11:18,823 --> 00:11:23,021 Everybody put their application in to every NASA request. 119 00:11:23,128 --> 00:11:26,222 I mean, it was just, sort of a peer kind of thing. 120 00:11:26,331 --> 00:11:31,667 So NASA put out a request for a third group of astronauts in early '63, 121 00:11:31,770 --> 00:11:37,003 and of course everybody in my test pilot class put their application in 122 00:11:37,108 --> 00:11:39,702 because it was another opportunity for a new challenge. 123 00:11:39,811 --> 00:11:44,839 It certainly sounded very challenging and something that if... 124 00:11:44,948 --> 00:11:48,076 if other people wanted to be a part of this 125 00:11:48,185 --> 00:11:53,122 and this was a noble national effort, why, I wanted to be a part of it. 126 00:11:53,223 --> 00:11:55,384 Now how would you feel, Mrs. Armstrong, 127 00:11:55,491 --> 00:11:57,322 If it turned out... Of course, nobody knows; 128 00:11:57,428 --> 00:12:00,886 But if it turns out that your son is first man to land on the Moon, 129 00:12:00,998 --> 00:12:02,932 What... How would you feel? 130 00:12:05,301 --> 00:12:07,633 Well, I guess I'd just say God bless him 131 00:12:07,737 --> 00:12:11,468 and I wish him the best of all good luck. 132 00:12:11,574 --> 00:12:12,666 I'll bet you. 133 00:12:25,321 --> 00:12:29,257 That group of astronauts was far and away the best group 134 00:12:29,357 --> 00:12:31,416 I had ever been associated with. 135 00:12:32,928 --> 00:12:35,522 There weren't any really weak sisters in the bunch. 136 00:12:35,630 --> 00:12:40,124 They were just an amazingly competent, hardworking, 137 00:12:40,235 --> 00:12:43,136 really good bunch of people. 138 00:12:43,238 --> 00:12:47,971 One day... you're just Gene Cernan, 139 00:12:48,076 --> 00:12:49,873 young naval aviator, whatever, 140 00:12:49,977 --> 00:12:52,309 and the next day, you're an American hero. 141 00:12:52,413 --> 00:12:55,439 Literally. And you have done nothing. 142 00:12:55,550 --> 00:12:59,953 When Tom Wolfe wrote "The Right Stuff", 143 00:13:00,054 --> 00:13:02,147 I thought, "Boy! That sounds good. 144 00:13:02,256 --> 00:13:04,690 People are going to think I have the right stuff! 145 00:13:04,792 --> 00:13:09,627 I'm the same guy I always was, but now, I've got the right stuff!" 146 00:13:09,730 --> 00:13:14,064 It's sort of an unshakeable belief in your own infallibility. 147 00:13:14,167 --> 00:13:16,294 That's what the right stuff is. 148 00:13:16,402 --> 00:13:17,562 That you're immortal, 149 00:13:17,670 --> 00:13:20,605 that you can do anything that is thrown at you. 150 00:13:32,520 --> 00:13:34,511 Nobody knew really how to go to the Moon, 151 00:13:34,621 --> 00:13:36,748 there was a lot on paper. 152 00:13:36,855 --> 00:13:41,155 And we didn't know how to do things and we didn't know how things would work. 153 00:13:41,260 --> 00:13:43,922 It was just a matter of putting them together, 154 00:13:44,029 --> 00:13:46,259 making them work and then correcting deficiencies. 155 00:13:47,666 --> 00:13:49,634 And as pilots, astronauts, 156 00:13:49,735 --> 00:13:51,896 why, we participated in all of these things, 157 00:13:52,004 --> 00:13:54,871 along with management and the engineers. 158 00:13:56,775 --> 00:13:58,538 What we did in the early days 159 00:13:58,643 --> 00:14:01,669 was take the overall spacecraft 160 00:14:01,779 --> 00:14:03,610 and divide it up like a pie. 161 00:14:03,714 --> 00:14:08,413 We sliced that pie up into 10 or 15 different pieces 162 00:14:08,519 --> 00:14:12,046 and we handed each slice to one of the astronauts 163 00:14:12,156 --> 00:14:15,751 and said, "This is yours, we want you to learn that slice." 164 00:14:20,298 --> 00:14:22,664 We shall send to the Moon, 165 00:14:22,766 --> 00:14:27,260 240,000 miles away, 166 00:14:27,370 --> 00:14:29,099 a giant rocket 167 00:14:29,206 --> 00:14:32,437 more than 300 feet tall, 168 00:14:32,542 --> 00:14:35,033 made of new metal alloys, 169 00:14:35,145 --> 00:14:39,206 some of which have not yet been invented, 170 00:14:39,316 --> 00:14:41,147 fitted together with a precision 171 00:14:41,251 --> 00:14:45,153 better than the finest watch, 172 00:14:45,254 --> 00:14:47,654 on an untried mission 173 00:14:47,756 --> 00:14:50,224 to an unknown celestial body, 174 00:14:50,326 --> 00:14:54,490 and then return it safely to Earth, 175 00:14:54,597 --> 00:14:56,326 re-entering the atmosphere 176 00:14:56,432 --> 00:14:59,868 at speeds of over 25,000 miles per hour, 177 00:14:59,969 --> 00:15:03,496 causing heat about half that of the temperature of the Sun, 178 00:15:03,606 --> 00:15:05,733 Almost as hot as it is here today. 179 00:15:05,841 --> 00:15:08,605 And do all this... And do all this 180 00:15:08,710 --> 00:15:11,270 and do it right and do it first, 181 00:15:11,379 --> 00:15:13,404 before this decade is out, 182 00:15:13,513 --> 00:15:15,504 then we must be bold. 183 00:15:17,485 --> 00:15:19,316 I look back at Kennedy, 184 00:15:19,420 --> 00:15:21,752 was he a visionary, was he a dreamer, 185 00:15:21,856 --> 00:15:24,154 was he politically astute? 186 00:15:24,259 --> 00:15:25,817 The chances are, yes, 187 00:15:25,927 --> 00:15:27,827 he was probably... probably all three. 188 00:15:27,929 --> 00:15:29,419 We'll never know. 189 00:15:36,470 --> 00:15:40,201 Nor will we ever know whether he really fully appreciated 190 00:15:40,307 --> 00:15:45,040 The challenge that he had laid down in front of... the American people. 191 00:15:47,114 --> 00:15:49,776 And therefore, as we set sail, 192 00:15:49,883 --> 00:15:51,714 we ask God's blessing 193 00:15:51,817 --> 00:15:56,117 on the most hazardous and dangerous and greatest adventure 194 00:15:56,222 --> 00:15:58,349 on which man has ever embarked. 195 00:16:21,646 --> 00:16:23,443 Things were moving very quickly 196 00:16:23,549 --> 00:16:27,781 and I was assigned as a back-up crew to the first Apollo mission. 197 00:16:29,454 --> 00:16:32,514 Things were in sort of a turmoil, there were a lot of problems, 198 00:16:32,624 --> 00:16:36,560 and Gus Grissom was doing the best he could, 199 00:16:36,661 --> 00:16:39,960 with his crew of Ed White and Roger Chaffee, to straighten them out, 200 00:16:40,064 --> 00:16:44,398 try to get the spacecraft ready to fly. 201 00:16:47,237 --> 00:16:50,832 We were incredibly intelligent 202 00:16:50,941 --> 00:16:54,672 about some of the hazards that we faced. 203 00:16:54,778 --> 00:16:57,508 And we thought long and hard about them 204 00:16:57,614 --> 00:17:00,913 and we did everything we could to ward them off, 205 00:17:01,017 --> 00:17:07,013 but the business of 100% oxygen environment inside the spacecraft, 206 00:17:07,123 --> 00:17:09,114 we really had not thought that through. 207 00:17:13,696 --> 00:17:17,132 And the wires were really bad in there. 208 00:17:17,233 --> 00:17:20,259 I'd asked Gus, I said, 209 00:17:20,370 --> 00:17:21,997 "Gus, why don't you say something about this wiring?" 210 00:17:22,105 --> 00:17:24,938 I said, "It's really terrible, they ought to do something about this wiring, 211 00:17:25,040 --> 00:17:27,440 it's really bad." and he said, "I don't..." 212 00:17:27,541 --> 00:17:30,101 And he said, "I can't say anything about it or they'll fire me." 213 00:17:31,246 --> 00:17:34,238 That's what he told me. I couldn't believe it. 214 00:17:37,953 --> 00:17:41,480 The crew were conducting this test on the ground, 215 00:17:41,590 --> 00:17:43,683 they weren't going to fly. 216 00:17:43,792 --> 00:17:47,387 I guess we, and I think of all of us in the NASA family, 217 00:17:47,495 --> 00:17:49,019 never gave it a second thought. 218 00:17:49,130 --> 00:17:52,463 what would happen if you got a spark 219 00:17:52,566 --> 00:17:58,232 in a 16 psi, 100% oxygen environment? 220 00:18:08,815 --> 00:18:10,680 I picked up the phone 221 00:18:10,784 --> 00:18:14,151 and they said... "Who's this?" 222 00:18:14,254 --> 00:18:15,414 I told them Alan Bean, 223 00:18:15,522 --> 00:18:19,117 he said, "Well, we're down here, we're doing this test 224 00:18:19,225 --> 00:18:22,126 and we've lost the crew." 225 00:18:22,228 --> 00:18:25,356 And I said... 226 00:18:25,465 --> 00:18:29,094 "Where'd they go? You've lost them?" 227 00:18:29,202 --> 00:18:32,535 Because I thought they just needed to run the test 228 00:18:32,638 --> 00:18:34,299 and they can't find them. 229 00:18:34,406 --> 00:18:37,773 "No" they said, "We've lost the crew." 230 00:18:37,876 --> 00:18:41,277 I said, "Maybe they're down at the beach house." 231 00:18:41,380 --> 00:18:44,713 And they said, "No, there was a fire." 232 00:18:44,817 --> 00:18:49,049 And then it dawns on me that maybe they're talking about 233 00:18:49,154 --> 00:18:51,281 something different than I think. 234 00:18:51,390 --> 00:18:53,381 We interrupt our regular programming 235 00:18:53,559 --> 00:18:55,254 to bring you this special report. 236 00:18:55,359 --> 00:18:58,157 Here's ABC's science editor, Jules Bergman. 237 00:19:00,465 --> 00:19:03,662 Top space agency officials are flying to Cape Kennedy tonight 238 00:19:03,768 --> 00:19:07,260 to begin the official investigation into what caused the flash fire 239 00:19:07,371 --> 00:19:11,239 that killed the nation's first three Apollo astronauts earlier tonight. 240 00:19:12,677 --> 00:19:17,080 They died at t-minus ten minutes into a simulated launch countdown, 241 00:19:17,181 --> 00:19:19,672 helplessly trapped inside their spacecraft. 242 00:19:35,732 --> 00:19:37,427 The accident occurred in January, 243 00:19:37,534 --> 00:19:39,502 the end of January 27th. 244 00:19:39,603 --> 00:19:42,128 And we're burying our guys at Arlington 245 00:19:42,238 --> 00:19:45,469 and I wasn't sure whether we were burying the entire Apollo program 246 00:19:45,574 --> 00:19:48,168 or three... of our buddies. 247 00:20:06,161 --> 00:20:08,254 That was the period, the late '60s, 248 00:20:08,363 --> 00:20:10,558 when we were fighting in Vietnam 249 00:20:10,665 --> 00:20:14,533 and when a lot of racial issues were going around. 250 00:20:18,706 --> 00:20:20,537 I was not really in tune 251 00:20:20,642 --> 00:20:22,974 with what was going on in the country. 252 00:20:25,780 --> 00:20:29,045 Our whole culture was changing markedly in this period. 253 00:20:37,124 --> 00:20:38,648 The Civil Rights Movement, 254 00:20:38,759 --> 00:20:40,158 the Women's Movement, 255 00:20:40,260 --> 00:20:44,060 the whole movement toward a greater openness of society. 256 00:20:47,501 --> 00:20:52,598 I think we were very aware of the situation in Vietnam 257 00:20:52,705 --> 00:20:59,474 because a lot of our friends were flying airplanes in combat in Vietnam. 258 00:21:01,013 --> 00:21:03,880 And there would we have been, 259 00:21:03,983 --> 00:21:05,848 had we not been in the space program. 260 00:21:11,590 --> 00:21:14,184 I guess I can sort of admit it now, 261 00:21:14,292 --> 00:21:16,556 I've admitted it a little bit to a few friends. 262 00:21:16,661 --> 00:21:20,062 That... I've always had a guilt complex to some degree. 263 00:21:24,869 --> 00:21:28,032 That was my war, good or bad. 264 00:21:28,139 --> 00:21:30,073 Whether it was a good war or a bad war, 265 00:21:30,175 --> 00:21:34,009 we're not discussing that, but that was my war, to fight for my country, 266 00:21:34,112 --> 00:21:38,446 and my buddies were getting shot at and shot down 267 00:21:38,549 --> 00:21:39,982 and in some cases captured. 268 00:21:40,084 --> 00:21:44,111 And I was getting my picture on the front page of the paper. 269 00:21:46,257 --> 00:21:51,160 And I've always felt that they fought my war for me. 270 00:21:52,563 --> 00:21:55,327 They look at it totally different. 271 00:21:55,432 --> 00:21:57,093 They said, "You were doing something 272 00:21:57,200 --> 00:22:00,567 that this country needed more than anything else at the time. 273 00:22:00,670 --> 00:22:01,864 You were part of a program, 274 00:22:01,971 --> 00:22:05,839 the only thing we had to hold our head high and be proud of." 275 00:22:16,686 --> 00:22:19,416 1968, in this country, 276 00:22:19,522 --> 00:22:21,752 was a disastrous year. 277 00:22:24,526 --> 00:22:26,858 We had several assassinations, 278 00:22:28,330 --> 00:22:29,888 Uh, not too good... 279 00:22:31,366 --> 00:22:34,631 So we needed something really to cap it up that was positive, 280 00:22:34,736 --> 00:22:38,172 to give the American people a sense of... of accomplishment 281 00:22:38,273 --> 00:22:40,104 or at least satisfaction of something. 282 00:22:42,444 --> 00:22:45,208 If you were a scriptwriter for the movies, 283 00:22:45,313 --> 00:22:49,374 you couldn't have picked a better scenario than Apollo 8! 284 00:22:55,890 --> 00:22:57,858 We hear from the CIA 285 00:22:57,958 --> 00:23:00,586 that the Russians are going to send a spacecraft 286 00:23:00,695 --> 00:23:04,927 around the Moon with a person in it and upstage us. 287 00:23:05,032 --> 00:23:08,559 If they orbit the Moon before we land on the Moon, 288 00:23:08,668 --> 00:23:11,262 then they've gotten there first. 289 00:23:14,674 --> 00:23:16,835 We changed our plans on Apollo 8. 290 00:23:16,943 --> 00:23:20,640 They changed the mission from an Earth orbital type 291 00:23:20,747 --> 00:23:22,942 to a flight to the Moon. 292 00:23:24,684 --> 00:23:29,849 And it was a bold move, it had some risky aspects to it, 293 00:23:29,955 --> 00:23:33,391 but it was a time when we made bold moves. 294 00:23:33,492 --> 00:23:35,460 The engines are off. 295 00:23:35,561 --> 00:23:39,998 Four, three, two, one, zero. 296 00:23:40,099 --> 00:23:42,124 We have commenced... 297 00:24:10,328 --> 00:24:11,386 Apollo 8, Houston. 298 00:24:11,496 --> 00:24:14,056 Your trajectory and guidance are go, over. 299 00:24:14,165 --> 00:24:15,598 Thank you, Michael. 300 00:24:15,699 --> 00:24:17,496 Yeah, you're looking real good... 301 00:24:18,568 --> 00:24:20,763 It wasn't until we rolled over 302 00:24:20,871 --> 00:24:23,032 that we actually saw the Moon for the first time. 303 00:24:23,140 --> 00:24:25,836 We were just 60 miles above the craters, 304 00:24:25,942 --> 00:24:28,103 and, you know... 305 00:24:28,211 --> 00:24:30,839 we were sort of like three school kids looking in a candy store window, 306 00:24:30,947 --> 00:24:34,678 and we forgot the flight plan, here we are, just 60 miles away. 307 00:24:37,887 --> 00:24:40,014 Oh my God, look at that picture over there! 308 00:24:40,122 --> 00:24:41,089 Wow, is that pretty! 309 00:24:42,258 --> 00:24:44,954 You got a colour film, Jim? 310 00:24:45,060 --> 00:24:46,618 Hand me a roll of colour, quick. 311 00:24:49,999 --> 00:24:52,024 Just grab me a colour. 312 00:24:52,134 --> 00:24:53,601 A colour exterior. 313 00:24:55,503 --> 00:24:57,471 We took photographs as much as we could 314 00:24:57,573 --> 00:25:00,167 and, of course, we took the photograph 315 00:25:00,275 --> 00:25:03,267 of the famous Earth rise around the Moon 316 00:25:03,378 --> 00:25:08,111 and I have to credit Bill Anders for taking the picture. 317 00:25:08,216 --> 00:25:10,878 Uh, he claims it all the time, anyway! 318 00:25:11,953 --> 00:25:13,818 Calm down, Lovell! 319 00:25:13,922 --> 00:25:15,014 Well, I got it right... 320 00:25:15,123 --> 00:25:16,852 Oh, it's a beautiful shot! 321 00:25:19,127 --> 00:25:21,027 And of course, Christmas Eve, 322 00:25:21,129 --> 00:25:22,824 being around the Moon on Christmas Eve, 323 00:25:22,930 --> 00:25:27,333 we thought this would be a very auspicious time to say something. 324 00:25:27,434 --> 00:25:31,097 The three of us selected to read from the Old Testament, 325 00:25:31,205 --> 00:25:35,164 and we had it in fireproof paper in the back of our flight manual. 326 00:25:39,880 --> 00:25:41,507 "In the beginning, 327 00:25:41,615 --> 00:25:45,244 God created the Heaven and the Earth 328 00:25:45,352 --> 00:25:49,152 and the Earth was without form and void. 329 00:25:49,255 --> 00:25:52,156 And darkness was upon the face of the deep. 330 00:25:54,927 --> 00:26:00,024 And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters 331 00:26:00,132 --> 00:26:03,397 and God said, 'let there be light'. 332 00:26:07,006 --> 00:26:09,167 And there was light." 333 00:26:14,312 --> 00:26:16,280 I thought it was a very nice touch, 334 00:26:16,381 --> 00:26:21,182 it fit very nicely into getting away from all this machinery, 335 00:26:21,286 --> 00:26:24,050 and let's get down into, sort of, the fundamentals 336 00:26:24,155 --> 00:26:27,283 of what makes all this happen, why are we here. 337 00:26:27,392 --> 00:26:28,484 I liked it. 338 00:26:30,128 --> 00:26:33,291 We close with good night, good luck; 339 00:26:33,397 --> 00:26:37,629 A merry Christmas and God bless all of you, 340 00:26:37,735 --> 00:26:40,727 all of you on the good Earth. 341 00:26:41,939 --> 00:26:43,270 When we came back, 342 00:26:43,374 --> 00:26:46,468 there was a lady in Dallas, Texas, 343 00:26:46,577 --> 00:26:49,137 who was an atheist, 344 00:26:49,246 --> 00:26:51,009 and I don't have anything against atheists, 345 00:26:51,115 --> 00:26:54,346 but she sued us. 346 00:26:54,450 --> 00:27:00,753 For the mixing of... Church and State, 347 00:27:00,857 --> 00:27:04,315 and she said that was inappropriate. 348 00:27:05,562 --> 00:27:07,223 Maybe it was, I don't know. 349 00:27:25,380 --> 00:27:27,575 At that time, we were all practicing 350 00:27:27,683 --> 00:27:32,052 to go to the Apollo 11 site, Sea of Tranquillity. 351 00:27:32,154 --> 00:27:35,248 Because we had three different crews training. 352 00:27:36,692 --> 00:27:39,923 Apollo 11 was going to make the try in July 353 00:27:40,027 --> 00:27:43,690 and then two months later, we'd make it if they didn't make it, 354 00:27:43,798 --> 00:27:45,060 and then if we didn't make it, 355 00:27:45,166 --> 00:27:47,657 two months later in November, Apollo 13. 356 00:27:47,768 --> 00:27:51,795 So we had three chances to get to the Moon by the end of the decade. 357 00:27:53,808 --> 00:27:58,245 And so when Neil and Buzz and Mike were assigned to Apollo 11 358 00:27:58,346 --> 00:28:00,360 we knew they were going to make the first shot. 359 00:28:00,460 --> 00:28:02,575 They were a really, really good crew, 360 00:28:02,682 --> 00:28:05,014 they got along really well. 361 00:28:06,286 --> 00:28:08,516 Mike was always the easy-going guy 362 00:28:08,622 --> 00:28:10,886 who brought levity into things. 363 00:28:10,991 --> 00:28:16,088 And I felt kind of bad that he wasn't going to have the opportunity of being to... 364 00:28:16,196 --> 00:28:19,825 Being able to be in a Lunar Lander and make a landing, 365 00:28:19,933 --> 00:28:21,491 but that was a decision that... 366 00:28:21,601 --> 00:28:24,035 certainly was way over my head. 367 00:28:24,137 --> 00:28:26,970 One guy had to stay in the command module 368 00:28:27,072 --> 00:28:29,404 and the other two were going to go to the Moon 369 00:28:29,508 --> 00:28:33,239 and I was... Pigeonholed, if that's the right word, 370 00:28:33,345 --> 00:28:35,643 as a command module pilot and so that... 371 00:28:35,748 --> 00:28:38,512 I lost my chance of... of walking on the Moon 372 00:28:38,617 --> 00:28:43,953 but in return for that, I gained a chance to... 373 00:28:44,056 --> 00:28:45,489 A: Fly to the Moon 374 00:28:45,591 --> 00:28:50,722 and perhaps be a member of the first crew to land on the Moon. 375 00:28:52,030 --> 00:28:53,759 One thing I know about Buzz, 376 00:28:53,865 --> 00:28:57,130 he's one of these guys that's a lot smarter than most of us. 377 00:28:57,235 --> 00:29:00,261 He had a nickname, Dr. Rendezvous. 378 00:29:00,371 --> 00:29:05,365 He loves to talk about technical stuff, 379 00:29:05,477 --> 00:29:06,535 particularly rendezvous. 380 00:29:06,644 --> 00:29:08,942 I mean, he'll get this orbit going this way 381 00:29:09,047 --> 00:29:10,981 and that orbit going the other way 382 00:29:11,082 --> 00:29:13,812 and he really grooved on those things. 383 00:29:13,917 --> 00:29:16,181 You didn't want to sit near him in a party 384 00:29:16,286 --> 00:29:18,880 because he would start talking about rendezvous. 385 00:29:18,989 --> 00:29:20,650 And you would want to be talking 386 00:29:20,757 --> 00:29:23,157 about that good-looking girl across the room. 387 00:29:23,260 --> 00:29:26,787 He could care less, he wanted to talk about rendezvous. 388 00:29:26,897 --> 00:29:30,424 And he'd been talking to you about it all... all week long. 389 00:29:30,533 --> 00:29:34,492 That's right, that was what I was really interested in. 390 00:29:36,839 --> 00:29:40,036 I always respected Neil Armstrong highly. 391 00:29:40,142 --> 00:29:44,579 He was probably the coolest under pressure 392 00:29:44,680 --> 00:29:48,980 of anyone that I had ever had the privilege of flying with. 393 00:29:53,189 --> 00:29:55,680 He was just Mr. Coolstone, if you will. 394 00:29:57,491 --> 00:30:00,255 One of the oddities in Neil's training 395 00:30:00,361 --> 00:30:03,922 was this thing we lovingly called "the flying bedstead". 396 00:30:04,032 --> 00:30:06,125 It was an ungainly- looking contraption 397 00:30:06,234 --> 00:30:09,931 and it was meant to imitate the L.M., the Lunar Module. 398 00:30:15,910 --> 00:30:20,347 Neil, he and I were in adjoining offices, same secretary. 399 00:30:21,581 --> 00:30:23,981 I remember one day I came in in the morning, 400 00:30:24,084 --> 00:30:26,348 I run into a couple of guys, they say, 401 00:30:26,453 --> 00:30:32,119 "Do you know that Neil bailed out of the LLTV this morning?" 402 00:30:42,969 --> 00:30:45,870 I said, "no way." He said, whoever it was, 403 00:30:45,972 --> 00:30:47,530 Two or three guys said, "Yeah!" 404 00:30:47,640 --> 00:30:49,631 I said, "Okay, I'm going in there and ask him." 405 00:30:49,742 --> 00:30:50,766 So I go in there and Neil... 406 00:30:50,877 --> 00:30:53,607 Neil's fooling around, nothing going on. 407 00:30:53,713 --> 00:30:55,772 I said, "those guys out in the office 408 00:30:55,882 --> 00:30:58,715 Said you bailed out of the LLTV this morning." 409 00:30:58,818 --> 00:31:00,012 He said, "Yeah." 410 00:31:00,119 --> 00:31:02,053 That was all he said, "Yeah." 411 00:31:02,155 --> 00:31:04,487 I mean this guy had been a second and a half 412 00:31:04,590 --> 00:31:07,081 from being killed and that was it. 413 00:31:07,192 --> 00:31:10,059 He didn't say, "I nearly got killed", 414 00:31:10,162 --> 00:31:12,653 "I nearly, you know..." I don't know what we... 415 00:31:12,764 --> 00:31:15,892 "Yeah." That was it, that was it! 416 00:31:16,001 --> 00:31:18,060 I mean, what was he supposed to do? 417 00:31:18,170 --> 00:31:19,501 I mean, maybe he could have gone out 418 00:31:19,604 --> 00:31:21,299 and gotten roaring drunk or something 419 00:31:21,406 --> 00:31:23,567 but that's not Neil, you know? 420 00:31:23,675 --> 00:31:26,473 He went back and shuffled paper. That's what you had to do. 421 00:31:26,578 --> 00:31:30,014 You know, the program goes on! 422 00:31:48,699 --> 00:31:53,500 Tomorrow we, the crew of Apollo 11, are... 423 00:31:55,872 --> 00:32:00,969 privileged to represent the United States 424 00:32:01,077 --> 00:32:04,478 in our first attempt 425 00:32:04,581 --> 00:32:08,950 to take Man to another heavenly body. 426 00:32:49,924 --> 00:32:50,891 Um... 427 00:32:54,128 --> 00:32:57,120 Well, I'd given up smoking the pipe 428 00:32:57,231 --> 00:32:59,290 maybe three weeks before launch. 429 00:33:01,234 --> 00:33:04,203 That's my best recollection, 430 00:33:04,304 --> 00:33:08,001 maybe having a drink, three days before. 431 00:33:11,311 --> 00:33:13,939 I don't think anybody really slept too well 432 00:33:14,047 --> 00:33:16,515 the night before, you're just wondering 433 00:33:16,616 --> 00:33:22,748 about whether you can... get enough rest 434 00:33:22,855 --> 00:33:25,619 for what you need to possibly do. 435 00:33:37,937 --> 00:33:41,703 This is CBS News colour coverage of... 436 00:33:48,479 --> 00:33:51,471 Sponsored by Kellogg's. 437 00:33:51,582 --> 00:33:54,312 Kellogg's puts more in your morning. 438 00:33:54,419 --> 00:33:56,785 Here from CBS News Apollo headquarters 439 00:33:56,888 --> 00:34:00,551 at Kennedy Space Center, correspondent Walter Cronkite. 440 00:34:00,658 --> 00:34:01,852 Good morning. 441 00:34:01,960 --> 00:34:03,928 It's t-minus one hour, 442 00:34:04,028 --> 00:34:07,464 29 minutes and 53 seconds and counting. 443 00:34:07,565 --> 00:34:10,500 In just an hour and a half, if all goes well, 444 00:34:10,600 --> 00:34:14,229 Apollo 11 astronauts Armstrong, Aldrin and Collins 445 00:34:14,338 --> 00:34:17,671 are to lift off from pad 39-a out there, 446 00:34:17,774 --> 00:34:21,301 on the voyage Man always has dreamed about. 447 00:34:21,411 --> 00:34:23,845 Next stop for them: The Moon. 448 00:34:41,797 --> 00:34:44,129 Well, on launch days, it's kind of strange, 449 00:34:44,233 --> 00:34:46,497 you go out in a van to the launch pad, 450 00:34:46,602 --> 00:34:48,866 and you're... you're kind of used to that. 451 00:34:48,971 --> 00:34:51,098 Riding in a van is the American way, 452 00:34:51,207 --> 00:34:53,698 so that's not a problem. 453 00:34:53,808 --> 00:34:58,939 When you get out to the base of this gigantic gantry, 454 00:34:59,047 --> 00:35:02,847 it's... it's empty, there's nobody there, it's deserted. 455 00:35:02,951 --> 00:35:07,388 And you're accustomed to scores of workers, 456 00:35:07,488 --> 00:35:10,355 you know, swarming like ants all up and down and around it, 457 00:35:10,458 --> 00:35:13,757 and, you know, you're in with a crowd of people. 458 00:35:13,862 --> 00:35:17,127 And then suddenly there's nobody there 459 00:35:17,231 --> 00:35:20,428 and you think, "God, you know, maybe they know something I don't know!" 460 00:35:25,239 --> 00:35:28,868 We got out there to the launch pad. 461 00:35:28,976 --> 00:35:32,207 So I had about ten minutes to look out 462 00:35:32,312 --> 00:35:35,440 and see the Sun rise, see the waves coming in 463 00:35:35,550 --> 00:35:39,316 and see the evidence of the people out on the side. 464 00:35:39,419 --> 00:35:42,786 Just... And thinking about the fact 465 00:35:42,889 --> 00:35:45,585 that this was something I wanted to remember. 466 00:35:48,861 --> 00:35:50,920 So it is now, before they go, 467 00:35:51,030 --> 00:35:55,296 as their gleaming vehicle sits poised and peaceful 468 00:35:55,401 --> 00:35:57,926 out there behind me on pad 39-a, 469 00:35:58,037 --> 00:36:01,564 that there is time to think of those three men 470 00:36:01,674 --> 00:36:03,437 and the burdens and the hopes 471 00:36:03,541 --> 00:36:07,443 that they carry on behalf of all Mankind. 472 00:36:13,118 --> 00:36:16,417 I had the feeling the whole world was watching us. 473 00:36:19,557 --> 00:36:23,459 So, not only do I have a lot of things I can do wrong, 474 00:36:23,561 --> 00:36:27,497 but the consequences should I do them wrong 475 00:36:27,598 --> 00:36:31,830 are going to be immediately obvious to three billion people 476 00:36:31,936 --> 00:36:35,428 and... that's a worrisome thought. 477 00:36:35,540 --> 00:36:38,941 T-minus ten minutes and counting, t-minus ten. 478 00:36:39,043 --> 00:36:40,943 We're aiming for our planned lift-off 479 00:36:41,045 --> 00:36:43,138 at 32 minutes past the hour. 480 00:36:43,247 --> 00:36:45,010 This is Kennedy launch control. 481 00:36:45,116 --> 00:36:48,142 I don't know why people who have not been on rockets 482 00:36:48,251 --> 00:36:52,187 continue to ask "You were not scared?" 483 00:36:52,288 --> 00:36:54,415 No, we were not scared! 484 00:36:54,523 --> 00:36:57,856 Until something happens, then it's time to get scared. 485 00:36:57,961 --> 00:37:00,225 We're just past the two minute mark in the countdown, 486 00:37:00,330 --> 00:37:02,355 t-minus 1 minute, 54 seconds. 487 00:37:02,464 --> 00:37:05,661 The countdown is a very negative thing. 488 00:37:05,768 --> 00:37:07,360 You just hope nothing goes wrong. 489 00:37:07,470 --> 00:37:09,370 You think, "oh, whoosh, we got by that one 490 00:37:09,473 --> 00:37:10,770 and maybe we'll get by that one..." 491 00:37:10,873 --> 00:37:13,899 and then when you get very close to launch, 492 00:37:14,009 --> 00:37:17,809 suddenly, it's like someone turned on a big electric light bulb, 493 00:37:17,913 --> 00:37:21,405 You think, "You know, I think we're really going to go, you know, 494 00:37:21,516 --> 00:37:24,280 I think it's going to happen. We're going to leave!" 495 00:37:24,386 --> 00:37:26,149 30 seconds and counting. 496 00:37:28,590 --> 00:37:30,421 Astronauts report it feels good. 497 00:37:30,526 --> 00:37:32,494 T-minus 25 seconds... 498 00:37:35,129 --> 00:37:37,222 20 seconds and counting. 499 00:37:39,333 --> 00:37:41,028 T-minus 15 seconds. 500 00:37:41,135 --> 00:37:43,000 Guidance is internal. 501 00:37:43,104 --> 00:37:46,904 12, 11, 10, 9... 502 00:37:47,008 --> 00:37:49,636 Ignition sequence starts. 503 00:37:49,744 --> 00:37:51,871 Six, five, four, 504 00:37:51,979 --> 00:37:56,507 Three, two, one, zero. 505 00:38:02,588 --> 00:38:04,419 At the moment of lift-off, 506 00:38:04,524 --> 00:38:07,550 There were numbers changing on the dashboard, 507 00:38:07,661 --> 00:38:11,654 there were sounds indicating in the voice loop 508 00:38:11,765 --> 00:38:16,634 that we'd had lift-off, but what did we feel? 509 00:38:16,736 --> 00:38:20,467 I think we felt, in those early moments, 510 00:38:20,573 --> 00:38:24,304 that we were not attached to the ground any more, 511 00:38:24,410 --> 00:38:27,868 but there was a slight hunting, maybe, 512 00:38:27,980 --> 00:38:29,845 of the guidance system. 513 00:38:29,949 --> 00:38:33,851 I'd describe it as a nervous novice 514 00:38:33,953 --> 00:38:36,683 driving a wide car down a narrow alley. 515 00:38:36,789 --> 00:38:39,189 You know, you've got to make corrections, you're not quite sure. 516 00:38:39,291 --> 00:38:40,815 You zig this way and that way... 517 00:38:40,926 --> 00:38:44,123 And what it is, it's those big motors underneath 518 00:38:44,229 --> 00:38:46,424 "gimbaling", you know, swivelling back and forth 519 00:38:46,531 --> 00:38:47,623 to keep you in balance. 520 00:38:47,732 --> 00:38:50,360 This thing is a pencil as it goes up 521 00:38:50,468 --> 00:38:54,234 and it has to be balanced very precisely. 522 00:38:54,339 --> 00:38:58,070 And the gimbaling of the motors, you feel in the seat of your pants 523 00:38:58,176 --> 00:39:03,637 and thinking, "Gee, that launch tower is just a few feet off to one side. 524 00:39:03,748 --> 00:39:07,343 I hope this sucker ain't gonna gimbal over in that direction too much." 525 00:39:07,450 --> 00:39:12,251 And then when they tell you launch tower clear, 526 00:39:12,356 --> 00:39:13,880 you kind of say, "Oh, whoosh, 527 00:39:13,991 --> 00:39:17,017 that's good. We don't have to worry about hitting that moose." 528 00:39:17,127 --> 00:39:19,186 And then off you go from there. 529 00:41:20,545 --> 00:41:24,072 Will metal stand this kind of vibration? 530 00:41:24,181 --> 00:41:27,878 Have the engineers realized how this thing shakes? 531 00:41:27,985 --> 00:41:30,180 Because it shakes and vibrates 532 00:41:30,287 --> 00:41:32,619 so much more than I ever imagined. 533 00:41:35,126 --> 00:41:36,957 When they open up the fuel manifolds, 534 00:41:37,061 --> 00:41:41,191 we could hear the fuel rumble down these huge pipes. 535 00:41:41,298 --> 00:41:44,392 Then it dawned on me, from an emotional point of view, 536 00:41:44,501 --> 00:41:46,162 that we're going to go to the Moon. 537 00:41:49,072 --> 00:41:50,767 The sound and the reverberations 538 00:41:50,874 --> 00:41:51,898 coming from those engines, 539 00:41:52,008 --> 00:41:53,703 those five engines when they're ignited, 540 00:41:53,810 --> 00:41:56,973 it shakes the whole body, the reverberations from it. 541 00:41:57,080 --> 00:41:58,206 It's very emotional. 542 00:42:01,050 --> 00:42:03,382 You're not just riding along. 543 00:42:03,486 --> 00:42:05,647 A lot of people think you're just lying on your back 544 00:42:05,755 --> 00:42:07,052 waiting for it to happen. 545 00:42:07,157 --> 00:42:09,455 But not really, because every second 546 00:42:09,558 --> 00:42:12,186 is something of significance. 547 00:42:14,696 --> 00:42:16,891 I found out from the flight surgeon later on 548 00:42:16,999 --> 00:42:22,062 that my heartbeat was a 144 at lift-off. 549 00:42:23,705 --> 00:42:26,265 John's was 70. 550 00:42:26,375 --> 00:42:28,275 Yeah, well, I told him. 551 00:42:28,377 --> 00:42:31,210 I said mine was too old to go any faster. Yeah. 552 00:42:32,647 --> 00:42:36,413 I was wondering, why did we do all these launch simulations? 553 00:42:36,518 --> 00:42:39,851 If I had had to reach a switch with all of that vibration going on 554 00:42:39,954 --> 00:42:43,219 I wouldn't have quite been sure where I was putting my hand. 555 00:42:49,263 --> 00:42:51,697 We were on our way. 556 00:42:51,799 --> 00:42:53,824 What a ride, babe, what a ride! 557 00:42:53,934 --> 00:42:57,631 I had control of that vehicle right in the palm of my hands. 558 00:42:57,737 --> 00:43:00,352 If the guidance failed or started to stray 559 00:43:00,452 --> 00:43:02,703 or went somewhere we didn't like, or the Ground didn't like, 560 00:43:02,809 --> 00:43:06,074 I could flip a switch and I could control seven... 561 00:43:06,179 --> 00:43:08,340 over seven and a half million pounds 562 00:43:08,447 --> 00:43:11,007 of rocket thrust with this handle 563 00:43:11,117 --> 00:43:12,414 and fly the thing to the Moon myself. 564 00:43:12,518 --> 00:43:15,078 And I guarantee you, I had practiced it 565 00:43:15,188 --> 00:43:19,249 and trained for it so many times, I almost dared... 566 00:43:19,358 --> 00:43:21,189 I almost dared her to quit on me. 567 00:43:24,864 --> 00:43:27,424 Every breath she breathed, I breathed with her. 568 00:43:27,534 --> 00:43:30,560 She was uniquely something special 569 00:43:30,669 --> 00:43:33,399 and what a hell of a ride she gave us. 570 00:44:00,565 --> 00:44:03,033 We had been warned about shutdown with the Saturn 571 00:44:03,133 --> 00:44:04,862 because you go from four and a half Gs 572 00:44:04,968 --> 00:44:06,595 to zero just like that. 573 00:44:09,474 --> 00:44:11,942 And this big fireball 574 00:44:12,042 --> 00:44:15,534 comes roaring up the length of that booster... 575 00:44:15,646 --> 00:44:19,082 And just... Out in front of you 576 00:44:19,182 --> 00:44:20,877 then the second stage fires 577 00:44:20,984 --> 00:44:22,508 and you fly right through the fireball 578 00:44:22,619 --> 00:44:24,086 and you're on your way again. 579 00:44:24,187 --> 00:44:26,553 Roger, Houston, you are go for staging. 580 00:44:38,267 --> 00:44:39,996 Houston, thrusters go, all engines. 581 00:44:40,102 --> 00:44:42,002 You're looking good. 582 00:44:42,104 --> 00:44:44,038 Roger, hearing you loud and clear, Houston. 583 00:45:04,893 --> 00:45:05,860 Tower's gone. 584 00:45:05,961 --> 00:45:07,360 Roger, tower. 585 00:45:07,462 --> 00:45:10,090 Yeah! They finally gave me a window to look out! 586 00:45:15,002 --> 00:45:16,902 You go up into Earth orbit 587 00:45:17,004 --> 00:45:19,734 and you go around the Earth once 588 00:45:19,840 --> 00:45:21,740 and again that's a busy time, 589 00:45:21,842 --> 00:45:23,605 because you want to make sure 590 00:45:23,711 --> 00:45:27,112 that everything on board is working properly 591 00:45:27,214 --> 00:45:29,910 before you set sail for the Moon. 592 00:45:31,819 --> 00:45:33,912 Apollo 11, this is Houston. 593 00:45:34,020 --> 00:45:36,147 You are go for TLI. Over. 594 00:45:37,457 --> 00:45:39,721 Apollo 11, thank you. 595 00:45:39,826 --> 00:45:43,057 And then you get the word you're go for TLI 596 00:45:43,162 --> 00:45:46,427 and that means you can ignite the motor 597 00:45:46,533 --> 00:45:49,058 and head on off to the Moon and you do, 598 00:45:49,168 --> 00:45:51,432 and you go, and that's it! 599 00:46:03,048 --> 00:46:04,913 Ignition. 600 00:46:11,356 --> 00:46:14,348 We confirm ignition and the thrust is go. 601 00:46:15,994 --> 00:46:17,154 Just a second. 602 00:46:19,163 --> 00:46:21,290 Apollo 11, out. 603 00:46:21,399 --> 00:46:23,526 35,000 feet per second. 604 00:46:30,174 --> 00:46:31,436 Get out. 605 00:46:35,813 --> 00:46:41,217 Climb velocity 35,570 feet per second. 606 00:46:41,318 --> 00:46:44,776 Altitude, 177 nautical miles. 607 00:46:47,757 --> 00:46:49,349 Houston, Apollo 11, 608 00:46:49,459 --> 00:46:53,418 that Saturn gave us a magnificent ride. 609 00:46:53,530 --> 00:46:55,657 Uh, roger, 11, we'll pass that on. 610 00:46:55,765 --> 00:46:58,359 And it kind of looks like you're on your way now. 611 00:47:37,071 --> 00:47:40,404 In Earth orbit, the horizon's just slightly curved. 612 00:47:40,508 --> 00:47:43,773 When you head on out to the Moon, in very short order, 613 00:47:43,878 --> 00:47:46,108 and you get a chance to look back at the Earth, 614 00:47:46,214 --> 00:47:49,149 that horizon slowly curves around in upon itself 615 00:47:49,250 --> 00:47:50,842 and all of a sudden, you're looking at something... 616 00:47:50,951 --> 00:47:54,114 that's very strange but yet is very, very familiar 617 00:47:54,221 --> 00:47:58,055 because you're beginning to see the Earth evolve. 618 00:47:59,525 --> 00:48:01,516 I was able to look out the window 619 00:48:01,628 --> 00:48:04,563 to see this incredible sight 620 00:48:04,664 --> 00:48:06,962 of the whole circle of the Earth. 621 00:48:09,002 --> 00:48:11,232 Oceans were crystal blue, 622 00:48:11,338 --> 00:48:13,670 the land was brown, 623 00:48:13,773 --> 00:48:16,264 and the clouds and the snow were pure white 624 00:48:16,375 --> 00:48:17,774 and that jewel of Earth 625 00:48:17,877 --> 00:48:21,574 was just hung up in the blackness of space. 626 00:48:26,553 --> 00:48:30,045 The only people that have seen the whole circle of the Earth 627 00:48:30,156 --> 00:48:32,989 are the 24 guys that went to the Moon. 628 00:48:38,062 --> 00:48:41,225 When you see Earth like that, it's powerful. 629 00:48:41,332 --> 00:48:44,699 Not... Not even bigger than that, way up there. 630 00:48:49,574 --> 00:48:53,874 How peaceful and calm and quiet and serene it looked, 631 00:48:53,978 --> 00:48:56,242 how fragile it appeared. 632 00:48:56,347 --> 00:48:58,941 That was the... oddly enough... 633 00:48:59,049 --> 00:49:03,008 the overriding sensation I got looking at the Earth was, 634 00:49:03,120 --> 00:49:07,614 "My God, that little thing is so fragile out there." 635 00:49:11,428 --> 00:49:13,055 You get to see the Earth receding, 636 00:49:13,163 --> 00:49:16,098 you get to see the Moon coming towards you... 637 00:49:16,200 --> 00:49:19,431 And it's awe-inspiring. 638 00:49:19,535 --> 00:49:22,971 And you start to identify, "Hey, we're going to be up there pretty soon, 639 00:49:23,072 --> 00:49:25,302 and, bye-bye, back there." 640 00:49:37,954 --> 00:49:40,047 This transmission is coming to you 641 00:49:40,156 --> 00:49:43,717 approximately halfway between the Moon and the Earth. 642 00:49:43,826 --> 00:49:48,126 We've been 31 hours, about 20 minutes into flight. 643 00:49:48,230 --> 00:49:49,993 We have about, uh, 644 00:49:50,098 --> 00:49:53,397 less than 40 hours left to go to the Moon. 645 00:49:53,501 --> 00:49:55,298 We journeyed on our way. 646 00:49:55,403 --> 00:49:56,836 We set up a course, 647 00:49:56,938 --> 00:49:59,736 we took our suits off at this point, stowed them, 648 00:49:59,841 --> 00:50:03,743 we ate a meal and then just went into our flight plan. 649 00:50:06,348 --> 00:50:08,111 You know, wasn't Grandma's cooking, 650 00:50:08,215 --> 00:50:09,477 but it was worth it. 651 00:50:11,620 --> 00:50:14,487 We did have hot water on the command module 652 00:50:14,588 --> 00:50:16,180 and so we took, uh... 653 00:50:16,290 --> 00:50:19,225 a regular little shaving cream 654 00:50:19,326 --> 00:50:21,726 and a razor and had a tissue paper, 655 00:50:21,829 --> 00:50:23,797 And I can't tell you how good, 656 00:50:23,898 --> 00:50:27,857 after three or four days, it feels to shave. 657 00:50:31,971 --> 00:50:33,268 In our checklist, 658 00:50:33,373 --> 00:50:37,309 it turned out that my little boys and my wife, 659 00:50:37,410 --> 00:50:39,844 had these little greetings, if you will, 660 00:50:39,946 --> 00:50:42,107 were inserted into the flight plan. 661 00:50:43,482 --> 00:50:46,542 This one was from my son, Charles. 662 00:50:46,653 --> 00:50:50,646 It says, just in crayon, 663 00:50:50,757 --> 00:50:52,987 "From Charles. We love you." 664 00:50:53,091 --> 00:50:55,992 And on the other side, he sort of had his idea 665 00:50:56,094 --> 00:51:00,622 of what the... Lunar Module looks like. 666 00:51:02,434 --> 00:51:05,562 And Tom, that was not quite five, 667 00:51:05,671 --> 00:51:10,233 and he wrote "Dear Daddy, 668 00:51:10,342 --> 00:51:16,975 have a safe trip home. Love, Tom." 669 00:51:21,686 --> 00:51:25,452 It's not fear, it's worry. 670 00:51:25,556 --> 00:51:29,322 And I think there's a legitimate distinction between the two. 671 00:51:29,427 --> 00:51:31,952 So, it's not a question of you're scared all the time, 672 00:51:32,063 --> 00:51:35,965 but it is you're mildly worried all the time, or at least, I was. 673 00:51:36,067 --> 00:51:38,900 You know, you're not sure all these things are going to work properly, 674 00:51:39,002 --> 00:51:43,405 and there's a hell of a lot of them coming in a very fragile daisy-chain 675 00:51:43,505 --> 00:51:46,303 and you don't want any of those links in the chain to break 676 00:51:46,409 --> 00:51:50,675 because downstream from that broken link, they're all useless. 677 00:51:50,780 --> 00:51:53,442 So yes, you're worried, you're concerned. 678 00:51:54,651 --> 00:51:59,054 I always thought of myself as one of the more fearful astronauts, really. 679 00:52:01,091 --> 00:52:03,082 And when I'd look out of the window of the spacecraft, 680 00:52:03,192 --> 00:52:05,786 I would think, "If that window blows out, 681 00:52:05,894 --> 00:52:08,419 I'm going to die in about a second." 682 00:52:08,530 --> 00:52:11,363 There's death right out there about an inch away. 683 00:52:13,468 --> 00:52:15,129 All your systems are looking good. 684 00:52:15,237 --> 00:52:16,226 Going around the corner. 685 00:52:16,338 --> 00:52:18,499 We'll see you on the other side, over. 686 00:52:19,942 --> 00:52:22,968 Everything looks okay up here. 687 00:52:23,078 --> 00:52:25,342 Roger, out. 688 00:52:25,446 --> 00:52:28,938 We... We didn't see the Moon until after we were there. 689 00:52:29,050 --> 00:52:31,143 It's like some of these science-fiction movies 690 00:52:31,252 --> 00:52:34,244 where you see this big meteorite just slowly moving. 691 00:52:34,355 --> 00:52:36,050 You could feel the Moon's presence. 692 00:52:36,157 --> 00:52:38,284 You couldn't see it. 693 00:52:40,228 --> 00:52:41,559 We went into darkness, 694 00:52:41,662 --> 00:52:45,462 after being in daylight the whole time 695 00:52:45,566 --> 00:52:47,898 on the way to the Moon. 696 00:52:48,001 --> 00:52:50,435 And then we went into darkness. 697 00:52:53,607 --> 00:52:57,043 And we're in the shadow of the Moon. 698 00:53:38,283 --> 00:53:40,444 When the Sun is shining on the surface 699 00:53:40,553 --> 00:53:42,521 at a very shallow angle, 700 00:53:42,621 --> 00:53:45,487 the craters cast long shadows 701 00:53:45,590 --> 00:53:49,424 and the Moon's surface seems very inhospitable. 702 00:53:49,527 --> 00:53:51,324 Forbidding, almost. 703 00:53:57,067 --> 00:54:00,662 I did not sense any great invitation 704 00:54:00,771 --> 00:54:04,764 on the part of the Moon for us to come into its domain. 705 00:54:04,875 --> 00:54:08,675 I sensed more, almost a hostile place... 706 00:54:08,779 --> 00:54:11,213 A... a scary place. 707 00:54:34,404 --> 00:54:35,564 It was tense, 708 00:54:35,671 --> 00:54:39,232 because even though they'd practiced it in the simulator cockpit, 709 00:54:39,342 --> 00:54:42,402 they didn't always make a successful landing. 710 00:54:44,346 --> 00:54:47,577 You've got to end up down there with just the right amount of fuel. 711 00:54:47,682 --> 00:54:50,947 Like, three minutes, you've got to be at a certain altitude and air speed. 712 00:54:51,052 --> 00:54:52,246 It didn't work... 713 00:54:52,354 --> 00:54:55,255 Sometimes the update from the landing radar didn't work, 714 00:54:55,356 --> 00:54:58,917 and this was when we were trying to do it right, 715 00:54:59,027 --> 00:55:00,892 just to find a way to do it right. 716 00:55:00,996 --> 00:55:03,362 This was a big deal. 717 00:55:03,465 --> 00:55:05,262 Okay, it's go there, Capcom, 718 00:55:05,366 --> 00:55:06,526 on the hot fire, okay? 719 00:55:06,635 --> 00:55:08,102 All flight controllers going on the horn. 720 00:55:08,202 --> 00:55:09,897 Go, no-go for undocking! 721 00:55:10,004 --> 00:55:13,337 Retro? Go! Fido? Go! Guidance? Go! 722 00:55:13,441 --> 00:55:16,069 Control? Go! Delcom? Go! GNC? Go! 723 00:55:16,177 --> 00:55:18,111 Ecom? Go! Surgeon? Go! 724 00:55:18,212 --> 00:55:19,804 Capcom, we're go for undocking. 725 00:55:21,115 --> 00:55:22,639 Apollo 11, Houston, 726 00:55:22,750 --> 00:55:23,978 We're go for undocking, over. 727 00:55:35,995 --> 00:55:39,158 Capcom was the capsule communicator 728 00:55:39,265 --> 00:55:41,563 and it was always an astronaut. 729 00:55:41,668 --> 00:55:44,159 and he was the only one that was allowed 730 00:55:44,270 --> 00:55:47,433 to speak directly to the crew. 731 00:55:47,539 --> 00:55:49,837 Tell him to go... over. 732 00:55:49,942 --> 00:55:51,773 And so I was very, very excited 733 00:55:51,877 --> 00:55:56,041 to be part of that historic event. 734 00:55:56,148 --> 00:55:57,547 If... we pulled it off, 735 00:55:57,649 --> 00:56:00,243 was going to be a tremendous honour. 736 00:56:35,052 --> 00:56:37,577 Capcom, we're go to continue PDI. 737 00:56:37,687 --> 00:56:39,314 You're go to... 738 00:56:39,422 --> 00:56:41,117 You're go to continue powered descent. 739 00:56:41,224 --> 00:56:43,283 You're go to continue powered descent. 740 00:56:46,463 --> 00:56:47,760 Okay, everybody. Let's hang tight, 741 00:56:47,864 --> 00:56:48,990 look for landing radar. 742 00:56:49,099 --> 00:56:50,066 Flight guns? 743 00:56:50,166 --> 00:56:51,599 Man 1: 744 00:56:51,701 --> 00:56:53,293 We'll meet that landing radar by 18,000 with this down-track. 745 00:56:53,469 --> 00:56:54,436 Rog. 746 00:56:55,505 --> 00:56:59,407 The landing radar was now beginning to receive signals 747 00:56:59,508 --> 00:57:04,468 and being Dr. Rendezvous, no matter what the checklist said, 748 00:57:04,579 --> 00:57:09,107 I was going to leave the rendezvous radar on and active 749 00:57:09,218 --> 00:57:12,915 so if we had to abort, it was on and working 750 00:57:13,022 --> 00:57:17,152 and we could reacquire mic as soon as possible 751 00:57:17,259 --> 00:57:18,783 if we had to go back up. 752 00:57:18,894 --> 00:57:20,259 Houston, we got data dropout, 753 00:57:20,362 --> 00:57:21,727 you're still looking good. 754 00:57:21,829 --> 00:57:24,161 Then we had a computer alarm. 755 00:57:24,265 --> 00:57:27,166 "Computer Problem, 1202". 756 00:57:27,268 --> 00:57:29,202 And well, what's 1202? 757 00:57:33,174 --> 00:57:36,905 1202, 1202! 758 00:57:37,011 --> 00:57:39,002 So when the crew reported this alarm, 759 00:57:39,113 --> 00:57:40,478 my heart sank, really. 760 00:57:40,581 --> 00:57:44,779 "Oh no, we've got a main, primary computer problem. 761 00:57:44,885 --> 00:57:46,876 1202 alarm. 762 00:57:50,057 --> 00:57:52,082 Yeah, and same thing we had. 763 00:57:59,099 --> 00:58:01,397 So the landing radar is feeding information, 764 00:58:01,500 --> 00:58:03,161 the rendezvous radar is, 765 00:58:03,270 --> 00:58:09,732 and evidently that combination was not anticipated by the guys at M.I.T. 766 00:58:09,842 --> 00:58:11,036 They're pretty narrow-minded. 767 00:58:11,143 --> 00:58:14,510 You're making a descent, you need the radar, landing radar! 768 00:58:14,613 --> 00:58:16,410 You're making a rendezvous, you need the rende... 769 00:58:16,515 --> 00:58:18,005 But you don't need to mix the two. 770 00:58:19,551 --> 00:58:21,542 But they didn't think the same way I did. 771 00:58:27,526 --> 00:58:30,984 The guidance guy, Steve Bales, responded... 772 00:58:31,096 --> 00:58:33,121 We're go on that flight! 773 00:58:33,231 --> 00:58:35,461 I heard him say that to flight control 774 00:58:35,568 --> 00:58:38,002 and I just voiced right up, 775 00:58:38,103 --> 00:58:40,230 "We're go, we're go, Eagle." 776 00:58:40,338 --> 00:58:42,101 And we were go. 777 00:58:42,207 --> 00:58:44,675 Eagle, Houston, you are go for landing, over. 778 00:58:44,776 --> 00:58:45,970 Roger, understand. 779 00:58:46,077 --> 00:58:47,567 Going for landing, 3000 feet. 780 00:58:47,679 --> 00:58:49,943 Look out for alarm: 1201. 781 00:58:50,048 --> 00:58:51,106 1201? 782 00:58:51,216 --> 00:58:52,444 Roger, 1201. 783 00:58:52,550 --> 00:58:53,574 Same type, we're go, flight. 784 00:58:53,684 --> 00:58:55,015 - Okay, we're go. - We're go. 785 00:58:55,119 --> 00:58:56,586 Same type, we're go. 786 00:58:56,687 --> 00:58:58,314 47 degrees. 787 00:58:58,422 --> 00:58:59,946 Roger. 788 00:59:00,057 --> 00:59:02,082 Descent, two fuel only. 789 00:59:02,192 --> 00:59:05,161 Fuel critical. They didn't want to say critical. 790 00:59:05,262 --> 00:59:07,093 And then it seemed like Neil 791 00:59:07,197 --> 00:59:11,930 was having a difficult time finding a suitable spot to put it down 792 00:59:12,035 --> 00:59:14,902 and I got a little worried then 793 00:59:15,005 --> 00:59:17,030 because they didn't have a lot of extra fuel. 794 00:59:17,140 --> 00:59:19,301 I think we better be quiet, Mike. 795 00:59:19,409 --> 00:59:21,036 400 feet, down at 9. 796 00:59:21,144 --> 00:59:23,806 Okay, the only call-outs from now on will be fuel. 797 00:59:23,913 --> 00:59:27,508 The guidance system was carrying them into a big boulder field 798 00:59:27,617 --> 00:59:29,710 and it wasn't suitable to land. 799 00:59:29,819 --> 00:59:31,844 So we noticed the trajectory level off 800 00:59:31,954 --> 00:59:35,412 and he just started flying almost horizontal 801 00:59:35,525 --> 00:59:38,358 across the Moon at a high rate of speed. 802 00:59:38,459 --> 00:59:41,053 One of the worst things you can do for gas 803 00:59:41,163 --> 00:59:43,791 is stop your rate of descent 804 00:59:43,899 --> 00:59:46,834 because then you have to take time flying level, 805 00:59:46,935 --> 00:59:49,495 then you have to get your rate of descent built up again. 806 00:59:49,604 --> 00:59:51,629 All that takes gas, okay? 807 00:59:51,740 --> 00:59:55,733 So when he levelled off, I thought, "I wonder if he's going to make it." 808 00:59:55,844 --> 00:59:58,711 If... If there was a boulder field and a crater 809 00:59:58,814 --> 01:00:00,782 that we wanted to avoid, 810 01:00:00,882 --> 01:00:03,680 there are four things you can do. 811 01:00:03,784 --> 01:00:05,251 You can land short, 812 01:00:05,352 --> 01:00:08,412 you can land left, right, or land long. 813 01:00:08,522 --> 01:00:11,355 All right, to land short, you've got to pitch up like this 814 01:00:11,459 --> 01:00:13,984 and you lose sight of where you're going. 815 01:00:14,094 --> 01:00:16,028 And... Either left or right 816 01:00:16,130 --> 01:00:18,394 is also a pretty drastic manoeuvre. 817 01:00:18,500 --> 01:00:21,867 The easiest thing to do is to just pitch forward a little bit 818 01:00:21,969 --> 01:00:23,527 and fly over and land long. 819 01:00:23,637 --> 01:00:26,265 Some of these boulders were the size of Volkswagens 820 01:00:26,372 --> 01:00:29,341 and you don't want to land with one gear on top of one 821 01:00:29,442 --> 01:00:31,034 and one gear down in a hole. 822 01:00:31,144 --> 01:00:33,135 That would not have been good. 823 01:00:33,246 --> 01:00:37,444 So, it was a little... Iffy right there at the very end. 824 01:00:41,955 --> 01:00:45,618 We had two calls that we were to give from mission control. 825 01:00:45,725 --> 01:00:50,059 The first was "Eagle, 60 seconds", 826 01:00:50,162 --> 01:00:53,063 that meant he got 60 more seconds to land 827 01:00:53,165 --> 01:00:55,463 and at the end of that 60 seconds, 828 01:00:55,567 --> 01:00:59,401 by mission rule, I would call abort. 829 01:00:59,505 --> 01:01:02,133 I never imagined that he wasn't going to land by then 830 01:01:02,241 --> 01:01:04,175 because I think he would have dropped it in 831 01:01:04,276 --> 01:01:05,971 from wherever the engine quit. 832 01:01:06,078 --> 01:01:07,773 He wasn't coming home and saying, 833 01:01:07,880 --> 01:01:11,179 "I got low on fuel so I decided to abandon it." 834 01:01:11,282 --> 01:01:12,977 I don't think any astronaut would do that, 835 01:01:13,084 --> 01:01:14,415 that wouldn't be the right stuff! 836 01:01:14,519 --> 01:01:17,420 300 feet down. Three and a half. 47 forward. 837 01:01:17,522 --> 01:01:20,150 Neil thinks things through thoroughly 838 01:01:20,258 --> 01:01:22,192 and then does what he thinks is right 839 01:01:22,293 --> 01:01:25,194 and usually it's the right thing to do. 840 01:01:25,296 --> 01:01:28,288 I don't think anybody can come close 841 01:01:28,399 --> 01:01:31,300 to touching the skills that he had. 842 01:01:31,402 --> 01:01:35,338 75 feet, just down a half. Roger, over. 843 01:01:35,438 --> 01:01:37,770 60. 60 seconds. 844 01:01:37,874 --> 01:01:40,707 The tension mounted in mission control 845 01:01:40,810 --> 01:01:44,075 and it was like you could feel it. 846 01:01:44,180 --> 01:01:47,707 You couldn't see it, but you could sense the tension. 847 01:01:47,817 --> 01:01:52,083 And it was... I remember dead silence. 848 01:01:57,960 --> 01:01:59,587 Three feet down, two and a half. 849 01:01:59,695 --> 01:02:01,822 Picking up some dust. 850 01:02:01,931 --> 01:02:03,796 Three feet, two and a half down. 851 01:02:07,703 --> 01:02:09,500 Pull forward. Just into the right a little. 852 01:02:09,605 --> 01:02:11,129 30 seconds! 853 01:02:19,147 --> 01:02:20,205 Contact light. 854 01:02:24,352 --> 01:02:26,047 Okay, engines stop. 855 01:02:26,154 --> 01:02:27,121 Descent. 856 01:02:28,389 --> 01:02:29,481 Remote control, both on. 857 01:02:29,591 --> 01:02:31,718 Descent engine Command override off. 858 01:02:31,826 --> 01:02:33,521 Engine arm off. 859 01:02:33,628 --> 01:02:36,426 413 is in. 860 01:02:36,531 --> 01:02:38,123 We've had shut down. 861 01:02:38,232 --> 01:02:40,132 We copy you down, Eagle. 862 01:02:40,234 --> 01:02:43,135 Okay, everybody, t-1, stand by for t-1. 863 01:02:44,304 --> 01:02:45,669 Tranquillity Base here. 864 01:02:45,772 --> 01:02:47,137 The Eagle has landed! 865 01:02:47,240 --> 01:02:49,265 Roger, twang... Tranquillity, 866 01:02:49,376 --> 01:02:50,536 We copy you on the ground. 867 01:02:50,644 --> 01:02:52,544 You've got a bunch of guys about to turn blue. 868 01:02:52,646 --> 01:02:54,307 We're breathing again, thanks a lot. 869 01:02:55,450 --> 01:02:56,610 Thank you. 870 01:02:56,717 --> 01:02:57,775 I was so excited, 871 01:02:57,884 --> 01:02:59,875 I couldn't even get out "Tranquillity". 872 01:02:59,987 --> 01:03:02,512 It was "twang-quillity" or something like that. 873 01:03:11,496 --> 01:03:13,293 Whew! Boy! 874 01:03:15,234 --> 01:03:16,997 Special announcement! 875 01:03:17,103 --> 01:03:18,968 You will be happy to know 876 01:03:19,071 --> 01:03:23,303 that the Apollo 11 has landed safely. 877 01:03:34,919 --> 01:03:36,614 I think it's just wonderful 878 01:03:36,721 --> 01:03:40,213 to be on Earth and to live what's going on on the Moon. 879 01:03:40,325 --> 01:03:42,054 It's marvellous! 880 01:03:42,160 --> 01:03:44,253 And as a French woman, how do you think about it? 881 01:03:44,362 --> 01:03:45,454 Oh, I think it's wonderful. 882 01:03:45,563 --> 01:03:48,464 I always trusted America and I knew they couldn't fail. 883 01:03:50,067 --> 01:03:52,228 I think we might have gone and had a beer. 884 01:03:52,336 --> 01:03:54,395 But I... 885 01:03:54,505 --> 01:03:56,473 So we were real happy and it was... 886 01:03:56,573 --> 01:03:57,870 Real pleased we'd done it 887 01:03:57,975 --> 01:04:01,536 and so it was a great feeling of accomplishment and pride, 888 01:04:01,645 --> 01:04:05,103 For the... President Kennedy and for the nation, 889 01:04:05,215 --> 01:04:07,240 we did what we said we were going to do. 890 01:04:18,027 --> 01:04:19,824 Roger. We read you five-by, Columbia. 891 01:04:19,929 --> 01:04:21,954 He has landed. Tranquillity Base. 892 01:04:22,065 --> 01:04:25,193 Eagle is at Tranquillity, over. 893 01:04:25,301 --> 01:04:26,791 Yeah, I heard the whole thing! 894 01:04:26,903 --> 01:04:29,201 Well, it was a good show. 895 01:04:29,305 --> 01:04:31,034 Fantastic. 896 01:04:35,944 --> 01:04:37,002 I discovered later 897 01:04:37,112 --> 01:04:41,981 that I was described as the loneliest man ever 898 01:04:42,084 --> 01:04:46,612 in the universe or something, which really is a lot of baloney. 899 01:04:46,722 --> 01:04:49,885 I mean, I... I had mission control 900 01:04:49,991 --> 01:04:54,052 yakking in my ear half the time. 901 01:04:55,464 --> 01:04:58,558 Columbia, Houston. How did it go? Over. 902 01:04:58,666 --> 01:05:00,224 Listen, babe, 903 01:05:00,334 --> 01:05:02,461 everything is going just swimmingly, it's beautiful. 904 01:05:04,004 --> 01:05:05,198 I rather enjoyed it. 905 01:05:05,306 --> 01:05:07,672 I certainly was aware of the fact 906 01:05:07,775 --> 01:05:10,039 that I was by myself, 907 01:05:10,144 --> 01:05:13,238 particularly when I was over on the back side of the Moon. 908 01:05:13,347 --> 01:05:16,180 You know, I can remember thinking, "God, you look over there 909 01:05:16,283 --> 01:05:19,343 and there's 3 billion people, 910 01:05:19,453 --> 01:05:22,752 plus two, somewhere down there, 911 01:05:22,856 --> 01:05:27,156 and then over here there's one plus... 912 01:05:27,260 --> 01:05:28,659 God only knows what!" 913 01:05:28,762 --> 01:05:31,356 So, I... I know I felt that strongly, 914 01:05:31,464 --> 01:05:34,490 but I didn't feel it as loneliness 915 01:05:34,601 --> 01:05:36,432 and I certainly didn't feel it as fear, 916 01:05:36,535 --> 01:05:39,060 I felt it as awareness, 917 01:05:39,172 --> 01:05:41,140 almost a feeling of exaltation. 918 01:05:41,241 --> 01:05:43,141 I... I liked it. It was a good feeling. 919 01:05:44,777 --> 01:05:46,904 Everything was going well with the command module, 920 01:05:47,012 --> 01:05:50,413 I had my happy little home, I had the bright lights on. 921 01:05:50,516 --> 01:05:52,609 Everything was fine. I enjoyed that time. 922 01:05:57,222 --> 01:06:01,750 They're going to probably open the hatch of the Lunar Module 923 01:06:01,860 --> 01:06:03,953 around 9:00 o'clock Eastern Daylight time, 924 01:06:04,062 --> 01:06:06,690 just two hours from now and shortly after that, 925 01:06:06,798 --> 01:06:09,733 38-year-old Neil Armstrong, civilian, 926 01:06:09,834 --> 01:06:11,301 of Wapakoneta, Ohio, 927 01:06:11,402 --> 01:06:13,870 the Commander of this successful Moon mission 928 01:06:13,971 --> 01:06:17,771 will begin to step down the nine steps of the Lunar landing Module 929 01:06:17,875 --> 01:06:20,173 to the surface of the Moon itself. 930 01:06:20,278 --> 01:06:21,939 And what a moment that will be! 931 01:06:22,046 --> 01:06:24,640 And we're getting a picture on the TV. 932 01:06:24,749 --> 01:06:27,217 There's a great deal of contrast in it 933 01:06:27,318 --> 01:06:30,412 and currently, it's upside down on our monitor 934 01:06:30,520 --> 01:06:33,250 but we can make out a fair amount of detail. 935 01:06:33,356 --> 01:06:35,950 I realised, of all the science-fiction writers 936 01:06:36,059 --> 01:06:37,959 who ever wrote about going to the Moon, 937 01:06:38,061 --> 01:06:40,791 I don't believe any of them ever dreamed 938 01:06:40,897 --> 01:06:43,593 about the world watching it on television. 939 01:06:47,504 --> 01:06:49,028 Neil, this is Houston, 940 01:06:49,139 --> 01:06:51,972 loud and clear. Break, break, Buzz, this is Houston, 941 01:06:52,075 --> 01:06:54,908 Uh, radio check, and verify TV circuit breaker. 942 01:06:56,477 --> 01:06:58,411 Roger, TV circuit breaker's in. 943 01:07:07,223 --> 01:07:08,281 Okay, Neil, 944 01:07:08,389 --> 01:07:10,289 we can see you coming down the ladder now. 945 01:07:13,095 --> 01:07:16,155 Every place I go, everybody I see, meet, 946 01:07:16,264 --> 01:07:19,927 even people who were children, tiny babies at the time, 947 01:07:20,034 --> 01:07:22,798 watched Neil put his first step on the Moon, 948 01:07:22,904 --> 01:07:24,633 the whole world participated. 949 01:07:24,739 --> 01:07:26,070 ...Que I'homme pour la premiere fois, 950 01:07:26,174 --> 01:07:27,903 prenne pied sur la lune. 951 01:07:28,009 --> 01:07:29,772 Les Russes sont loin... naturellement. 952 01:07:40,120 --> 01:07:41,781 Stand by. 953 01:07:51,598 --> 01:07:54,431 I'm at the foot of the ladder. 954 01:07:54,534 --> 01:07:58,994 The L.M. footpads are only, uh... 955 01:07:59,106 --> 01:08:03,406 Depressed in the surface about... one or two inches, 956 01:08:03,509 --> 01:08:08,105 although the surface appears to be 957 01:08:08,214 --> 01:08:11,706 very, very fine-grained as you get close to it. 958 01:08:11,817 --> 01:08:15,480 It's almost like a powder down there. 959 01:08:15,588 --> 01:08:17,112 It's very fine. 960 01:08:24,930 --> 01:08:27,057 Okay, I'm going to step off the L.M. now. 961 01:08:36,441 --> 01:08:39,205 That's one small step for Man... 962 01:08:41,713 --> 01:08:44,876 One giant leap for Mankind. 963 01:08:46,582 --> 01:08:49,676 "That's one small step for Man, 964 01:08:49,787 --> 01:08:53,655 One giant leap for Mankind." 965 01:09:12,508 --> 01:09:14,032 It was like Neil, 966 01:09:14,143 --> 01:09:16,703 but deeper than I thought 967 01:09:16,813 --> 01:09:19,509 that he would come up with. 968 01:09:19,615 --> 01:09:23,608 I wouldn't have had the self-control to do that. 969 01:09:23,720 --> 01:09:24,778 I'd have... 970 01:09:24,887 --> 01:09:26,616 To me, I'd have been jumping up and down, 971 01:09:26,723 --> 01:09:28,953 "Yahoo!" You know? "Man, I'm here!" 972 01:09:29,058 --> 01:09:32,084 It was... That's the kind of response that I think I would have had. 973 01:09:32,194 --> 01:09:36,358 But he was very, very controlled 974 01:09:36,466 --> 01:09:39,264 and those words came out 975 01:09:39,368 --> 01:09:42,428 and they were very appropriate and... Perfect. 976 01:09:44,272 --> 01:09:46,001 That looks beautiful from here, Neil. 977 01:09:46,108 --> 01:09:48,269 It has a stark beauty all its own, 978 01:09:48,378 --> 01:09:52,838 it's like much of the high desert of the United States. 979 01:09:52,948 --> 01:09:56,315 It's different but it's very pretty out here. 980 01:09:56,416 --> 01:09:58,907 We had it in our flight plan 981 01:09:59,020 --> 01:10:02,979 that we'd take the first 10-15 seconds 982 01:10:03,090 --> 01:10:04,682 down at the bottom of the ladder, 983 01:10:04,792 --> 01:10:07,693 sort of hold on to the edge of the landing gear 984 01:10:07,795 --> 01:10:11,492 and just sort of check our stability and so forth. 985 01:10:11,600 --> 01:10:13,227 Okay, I'm on the top steps 986 01:10:13,334 --> 01:10:15,461 and it's a very simple matter to hop down 987 01:10:15,569 --> 01:10:16,934 from one step to the next. 988 01:10:17,038 --> 01:10:18,801 So that's when I decided 989 01:10:18,905 --> 01:10:21,601 to take that period of time to, ah... 990 01:10:21,708 --> 01:10:24,973 To... 991 01:10:25,078 --> 01:10:26,773 Take care of a bodily function 992 01:10:26,880 --> 01:10:29,747 of slightly filling up the urine bag, 993 01:10:29,849 --> 01:10:34,115 so that I wouldn't be troubled 994 01:10:34,220 --> 01:10:36,279 with having to do that later on. 995 01:10:37,357 --> 01:10:38,949 There you go. 996 01:10:39,059 --> 01:10:42,153 So, anyway, everybody has their firsts on the Moon. 997 01:10:44,229 --> 01:10:47,289 And that one hasn't been disputed by anybody. 998 01:10:53,272 --> 01:10:55,240 The only change that I noticed they made 999 01:10:55,340 --> 01:10:58,707 prior to their flight was they'd come to them 1000 01:10:58,811 --> 01:11:01,006 about a month ahead of time, as I remember. 1001 01:11:01,113 --> 01:11:03,172 And they said to them, 1002 01:11:03,282 --> 01:11:05,944 "You're going to plant the American flag." 1003 01:11:06,050 --> 01:11:10,953 So, we got the flag out and put it in the ground 1004 01:11:11,055 --> 01:11:14,957 and we'd never really practiced that one before. 1005 01:11:32,075 --> 01:11:34,168 Here we were on the surface 1006 01:11:34,277 --> 01:11:38,941 and I knew this was what people were watching. 1007 01:11:39,049 --> 01:11:40,710 More people were watching us 1008 01:11:40,817 --> 01:11:44,253 than had ever watched two human beings before in history 1009 01:11:44,354 --> 01:11:48,256 and yet we're further away, not just in distance 1010 01:11:48,359 --> 01:11:51,021 but in things we've got to do to get back home. 1011 01:11:51,127 --> 01:11:53,527 We've got to do some difficult things 1012 01:11:53,629 --> 01:11:55,927 to get out of this desolate place 1013 01:11:56,031 --> 01:11:57,896 and get back home again. 1014 01:12:23,625 --> 01:12:25,115 Thank you, 13. 1015 01:12:25,226 --> 01:12:27,922 13, we've got one more item for you when you get a chance. 1016 01:12:28,029 --> 01:12:30,827 We'd like you to stir up your cryo tanks. 1017 01:12:33,635 --> 01:12:34,761 Stand by. 1018 01:12:37,938 --> 01:12:39,428 When the explosion occurred, of course, 1019 01:12:39,540 --> 01:12:41,872 I didn't know what happened. 1020 01:12:41,975 --> 01:12:45,035 Houston, we've had a problem. 1021 01:12:45,145 --> 01:12:47,010 Stand by 13, we're looking at it. 1022 01:12:50,350 --> 01:12:53,547 We saw the oxygen go to zero 1023 01:12:53,654 --> 01:12:55,451 And then come up to the top 1024 01:12:55,556 --> 01:12:56,887 and then went down to zero again. 1025 01:13:06,165 --> 01:13:07,757 We were in serious trouble. 1026 01:13:10,703 --> 01:13:12,898 I thought when I saw that oxygen system leaking down, 1027 01:13:13,005 --> 01:13:15,303 I figured we'd lost them. I really did. 1028 01:13:15,408 --> 01:13:16,898 I didn't think we'd make it. 1029 01:13:18,578 --> 01:13:20,705 We were as calm as could be. 1030 01:13:20,812 --> 01:13:23,906 We didn't panic. Uh, if we did, 1031 01:13:24,015 --> 01:13:25,414 we'd still be up there, 1032 01:13:25,517 --> 01:13:28,111 or we could have bounced off the walls for ten minutes 1033 01:13:28,220 --> 01:13:30,415 and be back where we started from. 1034 01:13:30,522 --> 01:13:33,150 So the first thing that went through our mind was: 1035 01:13:33,258 --> 01:13:35,556 "What do we have to work with to get home?" 1036 01:13:35,660 --> 01:13:38,823 And of course, we had the Lunar Module. 1037 01:13:38,930 --> 01:13:42,263 It was like, abandon ship, get into the lifeboat 1038 01:13:42,367 --> 01:13:44,801 and we'll come back in the lifeboat. 1039 01:13:47,171 --> 01:13:48,934 We figure we've got about 15 minutes 1040 01:13:49,039 --> 01:13:50,472 worth of power left in the Command Module 1041 01:13:50,574 --> 01:13:53,702 so we want you to start getting over in the L.M., 1042 01:13:53,811 --> 01:13:55,870 and getting some power in it. 1043 01:13:55,980 --> 01:13:57,948 And you ready to copy your procedure? 1044 01:13:58,048 --> 01:13:59,276 Okay. 1045 01:14:06,189 --> 01:14:09,590 I worked on the problem of using the Lunar Module 1046 01:14:09,692 --> 01:14:14,152 as the prime propulsion vehicle, as a tugboat. 1047 01:14:14,264 --> 01:14:18,064 and how they could fly it manually, stick and rudder stuff, 1048 01:14:18,167 --> 01:14:21,102 if they'd lost the prime guidance system. 1049 01:14:22,272 --> 01:14:23,762 John and I, with others, 1050 01:14:23,873 --> 01:14:26,205 had worked on this manoeuvre to get them back 1051 01:14:26,309 --> 01:14:29,142 on what was called a free return trajectory, 1052 01:14:29,244 --> 01:14:30,302 so they would come back 1053 01:14:30,412 --> 01:14:33,813 and come right back into Earth's atmosphere 1054 01:14:33,915 --> 01:14:36,145 on the correct angle and velocity. 1055 01:14:37,753 --> 01:14:41,621 Apollo 13, 2 minutes away now from scheduled time of ignition. 1056 01:14:41,723 --> 01:14:44,453 And so we used the Earth's terminator 1057 01:14:44,559 --> 01:14:46,288 to figure out our attitude, 1058 01:14:46,395 --> 01:14:50,354 we had to get the Earth in the window of the Lunar Module. 1059 01:14:50,465 --> 01:14:52,365 Confirmed ignition. 1060 01:14:52,465 --> 01:14:54,194 I knew when that engine went on, 1061 01:14:54,302 --> 01:14:58,295 without an autopilot, I'd never be able to keep the Earth in the window by myself, 1062 01:14:58,406 --> 01:15:00,670 so Fred-O kept the Earth from going sideways, 1063 01:15:00,775 --> 01:15:02,436 I kept it from going up and down... 1064 01:15:05,680 --> 01:15:07,875 I had to learn to... manoeuvre all over again 1065 01:15:07,982 --> 01:15:09,540 in a very short period of time. 1066 01:15:09,650 --> 01:15:12,050 But you'd be surprised how quickly you learn. 1067 01:15:13,521 --> 01:15:15,352 Houston, you're looking good. 1068 01:15:15,454 --> 01:15:17,945 My attitude went from, "We ain't going to make it" 1069 01:15:18,058 --> 01:15:20,959 to, "If we don't foul up and they don't foul up, 1070 01:15:21,061 --> 01:15:23,689 and we don't have any other disaster, 1071 01:15:23,797 --> 01:15:24,786 we're going to make it." 1072 01:15:34,507 --> 01:15:37,533 It was NASA's greatest moment, I'm convinced. 1073 01:15:37,642 --> 01:15:41,339 And that crew, to keep calm and responsive 1074 01:15:41,447 --> 01:15:43,415 and do things right the first time, 1075 01:15:43,515 --> 01:15:47,076 that's important, it was just great. They were great. 1076 01:15:47,186 --> 01:15:51,145 It was a case of survival and certainly landing on the Moon 1077 01:15:51,256 --> 01:15:55,522 and surviving to see the next sunrise are two different things. 1078 01:15:55,627 --> 01:15:59,461 And it wasn't until I got comfortably back on Earth 1079 01:15:59,565 --> 01:16:02,125 that I became very much disappointed 1080 01:16:02,233 --> 01:16:05,134 in not making a landing on the Moon. 1081 01:16:18,983 --> 01:16:20,143 Boy, that's a big mountain 1082 01:16:20,251 --> 01:16:21,650 when you're down here looking up, isn't it? 1083 01:16:21,753 --> 01:16:23,118 We all of a sudden realized 1084 01:16:23,220 --> 01:16:25,347 that we were below the tops of the mountains. 1085 01:16:25,455 --> 01:16:27,753 I can't believe it. Amazing! 1086 01:16:27,858 --> 01:16:29,689 And then I look out at the horizon 1087 01:16:29,793 --> 01:16:31,385 and I thought to myself, 1088 01:16:31,495 --> 01:16:35,090 "God, I hope Pete doesn't land over there because we'll tip over." 1089 01:16:35,198 --> 01:16:36,563 Here comes the shadow. 1090 01:16:36,666 --> 01:16:39,157 We were blowing lunar dust everywhere. 1091 01:16:39,269 --> 01:16:41,294 It was like landing through the fog. 1092 01:16:45,175 --> 01:16:46,608 Well, we is here! 1093 01:16:46,709 --> 01:16:49,075 Man, is we here! How's that look? 1094 01:16:49,178 --> 01:16:50,907 And if there's any one moment 1095 01:16:51,013 --> 01:16:53,641 in my whole flight when time stood still, 1096 01:16:53,749 --> 01:16:57,310 it was those first few seconds when we touched down 1097 01:16:57,420 --> 01:17:00,514 and everything came to a screeching halt. 1098 01:17:00,622 --> 01:17:02,112 And there we were. 1099 01:17:09,931 --> 01:17:11,592 The first feelings were, 1100 01:17:11,699 --> 01:17:14,395 "Wow, this is, uh... What am I doing here? 1101 01:17:14,502 --> 01:17:16,629 This is a different world!" 1102 01:17:16,738 --> 01:17:19,366 And, uh, there's a part of it of... 1103 01:17:19,474 --> 01:17:22,910 "You dumb ass... You've really got yourself into something here!" 1104 01:17:29,884 --> 01:17:32,284 When you land on the Moon and you stop, 1105 01:17:32,386 --> 01:17:35,150 and you get out, nobody's out there. 1106 01:17:35,255 --> 01:17:38,691 This little L.M. and then the two of you, you're it, 1107 01:17:38,792 --> 01:17:41,226 on this whole big place. 1108 01:17:41,327 --> 01:17:46,526 And that's a weird feeling, it's a weird feeling to be... 1109 01:17:46,633 --> 01:17:48,931 Two people and that's it. 1110 01:17:54,674 --> 01:17:59,270 Oh, my golly. Unbelievable! 1111 01:17:59,378 --> 01:18:00,367 Unbelievable. 1112 01:18:00,480 --> 01:18:03,540 But is it bright in the Sun. 1113 01:18:03,649 --> 01:18:05,310 Oh, look at that. 1114 01:18:05,418 --> 01:18:07,386 Isn't that something? 1115 01:18:07,487 --> 01:18:09,079 We're up on a slope, Joe, 1116 01:18:09,188 --> 01:18:10,780 and we're looking back down into the valley. 1117 01:18:10,890 --> 01:18:14,519 It's beautiful. That is spectacular. 1118 01:18:23,869 --> 01:18:27,270 Dad, this is really a rock and rolling ride, isn't it? 1119 01:18:28,740 --> 01:18:31,470 Never been on a ride like this before. 1120 01:18:31,576 --> 01:18:34,602 The Rover was very useful, 1121 01:18:34,713 --> 01:18:37,841 very comfortable ride for the most part, 1122 01:18:37,949 --> 01:18:40,884 but any time you hit a bump in one-sixth gravity, 1123 01:18:40,985 --> 01:18:43,010 you're going to be off the surface for a little ways. 1124 01:18:47,558 --> 01:18:50,254 I hold the world's speed record downhill in a Rover. 1125 01:18:50,361 --> 01:18:53,797 I think it was 17 kilometres per hour, downhill. 1126 01:18:56,934 --> 01:19:00,426 I think even Gene Cernan with all his test pilot macho 1127 01:19:00,538 --> 01:19:02,506 felt that that was a little fast! 1128 01:19:02,606 --> 01:19:03,971 There are a lot of craters 1129 01:19:04,073 --> 01:19:05,597 and it's just sporty driving. 1130 01:19:05,708 --> 01:19:07,835 I've just got to keep my eye on the road every second. 1131 01:19:09,446 --> 01:19:10,413 What really saves you up there 1132 01:19:10,513 --> 01:19:13,073 is there's nobody coming down the road from the other way. 1133 01:19:13,182 --> 01:19:15,047 Oh, look at this baby climb the hill. 1134 01:19:24,027 --> 01:19:26,655 I think the feeling that I had was the whole time 1135 01:19:26,762 --> 01:19:28,992 was the feeling of awe. 1136 01:19:29,097 --> 01:19:34,626 The Moon was the most spectacularly beautiful desert you can ever imagine. 1137 01:19:34,736 --> 01:19:37,603 Unspoiled, untouched. 1138 01:19:39,775 --> 01:19:42,835 It had a vibrancy about it 1139 01:19:42,945 --> 01:19:44,970 and the contrast between the Moon 1140 01:19:45,080 --> 01:19:47,947 and the black sky was so vivid and... 1141 01:19:48,050 --> 01:19:50,848 It just made this impression, you know, 1142 01:19:50,952 --> 01:19:54,149 of excitement and wonder. 1143 01:20:01,228 --> 01:20:03,253 We were true scientific explorers. 1144 01:20:03,364 --> 01:20:06,390 We were looking at things that human beings 1145 01:20:06,500 --> 01:20:09,526 had never seen before or if they had seen them, 1146 01:20:09,636 --> 01:20:11,604 they weren't thinking about them 1147 01:20:11,705 --> 01:20:13,400 in terms of understanding our Earth 1148 01:20:13,506 --> 01:20:15,838 and our solar system and indeed the universe. 1149 01:20:20,046 --> 01:20:21,673 And that's what we were. That's what we were doing. 1150 01:20:21,781 --> 01:20:23,408 We were scientific explorers 1151 01:20:23,516 --> 01:20:26,952 right from the moment we stepped out of the spacecraft. 1152 01:20:30,657 --> 01:20:33,854 Roger, Dave. Let's do a little geology. 1153 01:20:33,960 --> 01:20:36,451 Going to document the area first here, Joe. 1154 01:20:36,561 --> 01:20:39,359 If you come around there, 1155 01:20:39,465 --> 01:20:41,228 there's a rock in the near field on this rim... 1156 01:20:41,333 --> 01:20:43,699 I'd like you to pick it up as a ground sample. 1157 01:20:45,137 --> 01:20:48,265 I say, John, just look at that footprint. 1158 01:20:48,374 --> 01:20:50,672 Look underneath that when you picked that up. 1159 01:20:50,776 --> 01:20:53,939 ...a centimetre or so under, it's white! 1160 01:20:54,046 --> 01:20:56,105 Absolutely white right here. 1161 01:20:56,215 --> 01:20:57,978 Gee, you got a bag? 1162 01:20:58,082 --> 01:21:00,209 All set. 1163 01:21:00,318 --> 01:21:01,785 Okay, I'm going to get the... 1164 01:21:01,886 --> 01:21:05,913 shadowed material... 1165 01:21:06,024 --> 01:21:09,551 Look, this is a real beauty! 1166 01:21:45,828 --> 01:21:48,228 I didn't have any great feeling of... 1167 01:21:48,330 --> 01:21:49,922 "Oh, we've done it!" 1168 01:21:50,032 --> 01:21:53,593 I mean, we've done part of it, but, uh... 1169 01:21:53,703 --> 01:21:57,537 I was a lot more worried, I guess, 1170 01:21:57,640 --> 01:21:59,835 about getting them up off the Moon 1171 01:21:59,942 --> 01:22:02,706 than I was about getting them down onto the Moon. 1172 01:22:04,547 --> 01:22:09,075 The motor on the Lunar Module was one motor 1173 01:22:09,184 --> 01:22:11,846 and if something went wrong with it, 1174 01:22:11,953 --> 01:22:13,921 you know, they were dead men, 1175 01:22:14,022 --> 01:22:17,219 there was no other way for them to leave. 1176 01:22:20,261 --> 01:22:21,353 Ladies and gentlemen, 1177 01:22:21,463 --> 01:22:24,762 the President of the United States. 1178 01:22:24,866 --> 01:22:27,835 Good evening, my fellow Americans. 1179 01:22:27,936 --> 01:22:29,665 Tonight, I want to talk to you 1180 01:22:29,770 --> 01:22:32,967 on a subject of deep concern to all Americans 1181 01:22:33,073 --> 01:22:35,871 and to many people in all parts of the world. 1182 01:22:35,976 --> 01:22:37,068 "Fate has ordained 1183 01:22:37,177 --> 01:22:40,078 that the men who went to the Moon to explore in peace 1184 01:22:40,180 --> 01:22:43,581 will stay on the Moon to rest in peace. 1185 01:22:43,684 --> 01:22:47,313 These brave men, Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin, 1186 01:22:47,420 --> 01:22:50,321 know that there is no hope for their recovery, 1187 01:22:50,424 --> 01:22:55,123 but they also know that there is hope for Mankind In their sacrifice." 1188 01:22:56,996 --> 01:22:58,486 I mean, this is, you know... 1189 01:22:58,598 --> 01:23:02,056 What a public relations person would have to say. 1190 01:23:04,570 --> 01:23:08,666 Nine, eight, seven, six, five... 1191 01:23:08,775 --> 01:23:12,176 Port stage, engine arm, ascent, proceed. 1192 01:23:18,550 --> 01:23:23,419 Beautiful. 26-36 feet per second up. 1193 01:23:23,522 --> 01:23:25,854 Pitchover. 1194 01:23:25,957 --> 01:23:27,447 Very smooth. 1195 01:23:29,194 --> 01:23:31,424 Balance couple, off. 1196 01:23:31,530 --> 01:23:33,555 Very quiet ride. 1197 01:23:38,135 --> 01:23:40,603 Eagle, Houston request manual start override. 1198 01:23:43,808 --> 01:23:45,901 2600 feet altitude. 1199 01:23:48,446 --> 01:23:50,437 Eagle, Houston, one minute. You are looking good. 1200 01:23:53,684 --> 01:23:55,675 Oh God, look... It's beautiful. 1201 01:23:55,786 --> 01:23:57,845 It's a beautiful little thing, you see the L.M., you know, 1202 01:23:57,955 --> 01:24:00,423 a little golden bug down there among the craters 1203 01:24:00,523 --> 01:24:03,890 and it gets slowly bigger and bigger. 1204 01:24:03,993 --> 01:24:07,429 They seem to be, you know, like riding rails, 1205 01:24:07,531 --> 01:24:10,500 they were very precise. 1206 01:24:10,601 --> 01:24:16,699 And then it got right up next to me and then it was my job, as before, 1207 01:24:16,806 --> 01:24:19,798 to make the connection between the two vehicles. 1208 01:24:32,955 --> 01:24:35,981 Finally, they got back into the command module 1209 01:24:36,091 --> 01:24:40,391 and I grabbed Buzz by both ears 1210 01:24:40,495 --> 01:24:42,520 and I was going to kiss him on the forehead, 1211 01:24:42,631 --> 01:24:43,996 I can remember that. 1212 01:24:44,099 --> 01:24:45,862 and I got him to right about here 1213 01:24:45,967 --> 01:24:48,993 and I said, "That's not a very... 1214 01:24:49,103 --> 01:24:51,367 good thing to do somehow," 1215 01:24:51,472 --> 01:24:54,202 so I forgot, whether I clapped him on the back 1216 01:24:54,308 --> 01:24:55,935 or shook his hand or did something. 1217 01:24:56,043 --> 01:25:01,106 And again, you don't have time to sit around and reminisce 1218 01:25:01,215 --> 01:25:03,649 because you've got T.E.I. coming up 1219 01:25:03,751 --> 01:25:06,948 in another... little while, 1220 01:25:07,054 --> 01:25:10,512 so you've got to get ready for that and come home. 1221 01:25:21,167 --> 01:25:24,796 The biggest joy was on the way home. 1222 01:25:26,873 --> 01:25:29,171 In my cockpit window, every two minutes, 1223 01:25:29,276 --> 01:25:31,676 the Earth, the Moon, the Sun 1224 01:25:31,777 --> 01:25:36,111 and a whole 360 degree panorama of the heavens. 1225 01:25:36,215 --> 01:25:40,276 And that was a powerful, overwhelming experience. 1226 01:25:41,987 --> 01:25:46,117 And suddenly I realized that the molecules of my body 1227 01:25:46,225 --> 01:25:47,954 and the molecules of the spacecraft 1228 01:25:48,060 --> 01:25:50,756 and the molecules in the bodies of my partners 1229 01:25:50,863 --> 01:25:54,492 were prototyped and manufactured 1230 01:25:54,599 --> 01:25:57,124 in some ancient generation of stars. 1231 01:26:01,306 --> 01:26:05,868 And that was an overwhelming sense of oneness, of connectedness. 1232 01:26:05,977 --> 01:26:09,845 It wasn't them and us, it was, "that's me, that's all of it, 1233 01:26:09,948 --> 01:26:12,439 it's one thing." 1234 01:26:12,550 --> 01:26:15,280 And it was accompanied by an ecstasy, 1235 01:26:15,386 --> 01:26:20,289 a sense of, "oh my God. wow, yes," an insight, an epiphany. 1236 01:26:43,478 --> 01:26:46,345 Re-entry is very critical on Apollo. 1237 01:26:46,449 --> 01:26:49,509 The last time I looked at my computer, 1238 01:26:49,618 --> 01:26:55,079 we were accelerating through 39,000 feet per second, 1239 01:26:55,191 --> 01:27:00,026 which is... uh, translates to over 26,000 miles an hour. 1240 01:27:00,129 --> 01:27:02,654 A rifle bullet only goes 2000 miles an hour. 1241 01:27:05,934 --> 01:27:08,027 You are literally on fire. 1242 01:27:08,136 --> 01:27:11,537 Your heat shield is on fire and it's streaming... 1243 01:27:11,638 --> 01:27:13,936 Its fragments are streaming out behind you. 1244 01:27:15,777 --> 01:27:18,541 It's like being inside a gigantic light bulb. 1245 01:27:26,186 --> 01:27:29,121 The re-entry started at 400,000 feet, 1246 01:27:29,223 --> 01:27:31,282 and by the time you've got to 90,000 feet, 1247 01:27:31,392 --> 01:27:34,850 you're basically coming straight down, freefall. 1248 01:27:40,234 --> 01:27:43,726 Well, then the final link in the daisy chain is the... 1249 01:27:43,837 --> 01:27:45,327 is, well, there... Actually, 1250 01:27:45,439 --> 01:27:47,373 I guess I'd have to say there may be two more, 1251 01:27:47,474 --> 01:27:50,443 but, uh... the important one is that the parachutes open. 1252 01:27:54,447 --> 01:27:56,677 Mains coming out, huge explosion again 1253 01:27:56,783 --> 01:27:58,216 and these three chutes come out. 1254 01:28:07,260 --> 01:28:11,629 The three orange and white spheres of reassurance. 1255 01:28:22,240 --> 01:28:23,298 That was the end. 1256 01:28:23,408 --> 01:28:24,636 That was the last of the daisy... 1257 01:28:24,743 --> 01:28:26,108 Well, then we had to get out. 1258 01:28:29,247 --> 01:28:31,340 I can remember the beautiful water. 1259 01:28:31,450 --> 01:28:34,613 You know, we were out in the deep ocean in the Pacific. 1260 01:28:34,718 --> 01:28:38,176 It was such a startling violet colour. 1261 01:28:38,289 --> 01:28:40,314 I remember looking at the ocean and admiring, 1262 01:28:40,424 --> 01:28:43,257 "Nice ocean you got here, planet Earth." 1263 01:28:52,069 --> 01:28:53,866 To me, the marvel of it 1264 01:28:53,971 --> 01:28:57,873 is that it all worked like clockwork, 1265 01:28:57,974 --> 01:28:59,635 I almost said like magic. 1266 01:28:59,742 --> 01:29:04,304 There might be a little magic mixed up 1267 01:29:04,414 --> 01:29:06,245 in the back of that big clock somewhere... 1268 01:29:09,219 --> 01:29:12,620 Because everything worked as it was supposed to. 1269 01:29:12,722 --> 01:29:14,087 Nobody messed up. 1270 01:29:14,190 --> 01:29:16,317 Even I didn't make mistakes. 1271 01:29:33,408 --> 01:29:37,310 I knew that anyone who was on the first lunar landing 1272 01:29:37,412 --> 01:29:39,744 was certainly going to be propelled 1273 01:29:39,848 --> 01:29:42,612 into the public view in an enormous way. 1274 01:29:44,352 --> 01:29:46,843 That awareness was troublesome 1275 01:29:46,954 --> 01:29:48,922 and interfered during the mission. 1276 01:29:51,659 --> 01:29:55,925 But it's nothing like what happens after the mission 1277 01:29:56,030 --> 01:29:58,726 and for the rest of your life. 1278 01:29:58,833 --> 01:30:01,063 You are the person now, 1279 01:30:01,169 --> 01:30:03,637 not just an average fighter pilot, 1280 01:30:03,738 --> 01:30:07,139 who did this and that pretty well, 1281 01:30:07,240 --> 01:30:09,504 but, "This guy walked on the Moon." 1282 01:30:09,609 --> 01:30:14,376 And now I have to sort of uphold that image 1283 01:30:14,481 --> 01:30:18,611 for the rest of my life, no matter what I do. 1284 01:30:22,088 --> 01:30:25,216 Can't think of a negative thing about Neil Armstrong. 1285 01:30:25,325 --> 01:30:28,317 I think it's wonderful that he's been the first man on the Moon. 1286 01:30:29,662 --> 01:30:31,653 Even though he's somewhat reclusive, 1287 01:30:31,764 --> 01:30:34,528 then that helps to preserve the image. 1288 01:30:34,633 --> 01:30:36,191 That's a tough role. 1289 01:30:36,302 --> 01:30:38,361 I'm glad... I'd love to do that, 1290 01:30:38,470 --> 01:30:40,529 but I'd hate to try to fill that role. 1291 01:30:40,639 --> 01:30:42,106 That's a tough role. 1292 01:30:42,208 --> 01:30:44,233 Yeah... Boy! 1293 01:30:52,884 --> 01:30:54,784 After the flight of Apollo 11, 1294 01:30:54,886 --> 01:30:57,616 the three of us went on an around-the-world trip. 1295 01:30:58,756 --> 01:31:01,020 Wherever we went, 1296 01:31:01,125 --> 01:31:04,390 people, instead of saying, "Well, you Americans did it," 1297 01:31:04,495 --> 01:31:06,156 Everywhere, they said, "We did it. 1298 01:31:06,264 --> 01:31:09,392 We Humankind, we the Human race, 1299 01:31:09,500 --> 01:31:10,990 we, people, did it." 1300 01:31:11,102 --> 01:31:15,300 And, I had never heard of, um... 1301 01:31:15,405 --> 01:31:19,603 people in different countries use this word "We, we, we" 1302 01:31:19,710 --> 01:31:23,646 as emphatically as we were hearing 1303 01:31:23,747 --> 01:31:27,740 from Europeans, Asians, Africans... 1304 01:31:27,851 --> 01:31:30,319 Wherever we went, it was, "We finally did it!" 1305 01:31:30,420 --> 01:31:32,251 And I thought that was a wonderful thing. 1306 01:31:32,356 --> 01:31:34,847 Ephemeral, but wonderful. 1307 01:32:05,787 --> 01:32:08,881 I felt that I was literally standing on a plateau 1308 01:32:08,990 --> 01:32:10,184 somewhere out there in space, 1309 01:32:10,292 --> 01:32:14,922 a plateau that science and technology had allowed me to get to. 1310 01:32:15,030 --> 01:32:18,329 But now, what I was seeing and even more important, 1311 01:32:18,433 --> 01:32:21,834 what I was feeling at that moment in time, 1312 01:32:21,936 --> 01:32:25,064 science and technology had no answers for. 1313 01:32:25,172 --> 01:32:26,332 Literally no answers, 1314 01:32:26,440 --> 01:32:31,036 because there I was and there you are... 1315 01:32:32,212 --> 01:32:36,171 there you are, the Earth, dynamic, overwhelming 1316 01:32:36,283 --> 01:32:39,741 and I felt that the world... there's just too much purpose, 1317 01:32:39,853 --> 01:32:41,912 too much logic and it was just too beautiful 1318 01:32:42,022 --> 01:32:43,649 to have happened by accident. 1319 01:32:43,757 --> 01:32:46,317 There has to be somebody bigger than you 1320 01:32:46,426 --> 01:32:48,053 and bigger than me 1321 01:32:48,161 --> 01:32:51,756 and I mean this in a spiritual sense not a religious sense. 1322 01:32:51,864 --> 01:32:54,492 There has to be a creator of the universe 1323 01:32:54,600 --> 01:32:56,659 who stands above the religions 1324 01:32:56,769 --> 01:33:00,170 that we ourselves create to govern our lives. 1325 01:33:06,012 --> 01:33:12,110 A friend of ours got us to go to a Bible study at a tennis club. 1326 01:33:12,217 --> 01:33:17,655 And after that weekend, I said to Jesus, I said, "I give you my life 1327 01:33:17,756 --> 01:33:20,452 and if you're real, come into my life." 1328 01:33:20,560 --> 01:33:24,360 And I believe and he did and I had... 1329 01:33:24,462 --> 01:33:27,397 I had this sense of peace 1330 01:33:27,499 --> 01:33:31,697 that was... that was hard to describe. 1331 01:33:33,738 --> 01:33:37,230 It was so dramatic that we started sharing our story. 1332 01:33:40,344 --> 01:33:42,938 I say, my walk on the Moon lasted three days 1333 01:33:43,047 --> 01:33:44,947 and it was a great adventure, 1334 01:33:45,049 --> 01:33:48,109 but my walk with God lasts forever. 1335 01:33:52,690 --> 01:33:55,124 I think if you do something 1336 01:33:55,225 --> 01:33:58,058 that's drastically different 1337 01:33:58,161 --> 01:34:01,221 like flying to the Moon and coming back again, 1338 01:34:01,331 --> 01:34:03,799 everyone tells you how important it is, how wonderful it is 1339 01:34:03,900 --> 01:34:05,868 and how important, important, important. 1340 01:34:05,969 --> 01:34:09,336 Then by comparison a lot of other things 1341 01:34:09,439 --> 01:34:13,569 that used to seem important don't seem quite as much so. 1342 01:34:13,676 --> 01:34:19,012 And I'm not saying that I'm able to face life 1343 01:34:19,114 --> 01:34:20,979 with greater equanimity 1344 01:34:21,083 --> 01:34:24,780 because I've flown to the Moon, but I try to. 1345 01:34:26,021 --> 01:34:28,717 And maybe some of our terrestrial squabbles 1346 01:34:28,824 --> 01:34:32,089 don't seem as important after having flown to the Moon 1347 01:34:32,194 --> 01:34:34,185 than they did before. 1348 01:34:36,965 --> 01:34:38,455 We learned a lot about the Moon 1349 01:34:38,567 --> 01:34:42,970 but what we really learned was about the Earth. 1350 01:34:43,070 --> 01:34:47,268 The fact that just from the distance of the Moon 1351 01:34:47,375 --> 01:34:48,899 you could put your thumb up, 1352 01:34:49,010 --> 01:34:51,672 and you can hide the Earth behind your thumb. 1353 01:34:51,779 --> 01:34:54,475 Everything that you have ever known... 1354 01:34:54,582 --> 01:34:58,951 Your loved ones, your business, the problems of the Earth itself, 1355 01:34:59,053 --> 01:35:01,647 all behind your thumb. 1356 01:35:01,756 --> 01:35:05,556 And how insignificant we really all are. 1357 01:35:05,659 --> 01:35:09,993 But then how fortunate we are to have this body 1358 01:35:10,096 --> 01:35:14,055 and to be able to enjoy living here 1359 01:35:14,167 --> 01:35:19,662 amongst the beauty of the Earth itself. 1360 01:35:23,643 --> 01:35:25,474 It truly is an oasis 1361 01:35:25,578 --> 01:35:28,012 and we don't take very good care of it. 1362 01:35:28,113 --> 01:35:31,173 And I think the elevation of that awareness 1363 01:35:31,283 --> 01:35:35,379 is a real contribution to, you know, saving the Earth, if you will. 1364 01:35:39,758 --> 01:35:42,226 Earth has changed a lot since we started flying in Gemini. 1365 01:35:42,328 --> 01:35:45,024 There's a lot of things like urban pollution 1366 01:35:45,130 --> 01:35:47,530 and you can see that when you hit orbit now. 1367 01:35:47,633 --> 01:35:49,260 You can see the big cities 1368 01:35:49,367 --> 01:35:53,667 all have their own set of unique atmospheres, 1369 01:35:53,771 --> 01:35:54,897 They really do. 1370 01:35:56,875 --> 01:35:59,469 We ought to be looking out for our kids and our grandkids 1371 01:35:59,578 --> 01:36:01,546 and what are we worried about? 1372 01:36:01,646 --> 01:36:04,409 The price of a gallon of gasoline, 1373 01:36:04,515 --> 01:36:08,076 you know, in the United States, they're worried about $3 a gallon gas. 1374 01:36:08,186 --> 01:36:09,813 I said, that's awful, you know? 1375 01:36:12,689 --> 01:36:14,350 Since that time, 1376 01:36:14,458 --> 01:36:19,088 I have not complained about the weather one single time. 1377 01:36:19,196 --> 01:36:21,096 I'm glad there is weather. 1378 01:36:21,198 --> 01:36:23,257 I've not complained about traffic, 1379 01:36:23,367 --> 01:36:24,959 I'm glad there's people around. 1380 01:36:25,068 --> 01:36:27,093 One of the things that I did when I got home, 1381 01:36:27,204 --> 01:36:30,970 I went down to shopping centres and I'd just go around there, 1382 01:36:31,074 --> 01:36:34,532 get an ice cream cone or something and just watch the people go by 1383 01:36:34,644 --> 01:36:37,636 and think, "Boy, we're lucky to be here, 1384 01:36:37,747 --> 01:36:40,648 why do people complain about the Earth?" 1385 01:36:40,750 --> 01:36:43,082 We are living in the Garden of Eden! 1386 01:36:46,756 --> 01:36:49,088 As I look back, if I use one word, 1387 01:36:49,191 --> 01:36:50,590 I would use the word "luck". 1388 01:36:50,693 --> 01:36:53,059 I just feel very lucky. 1389 01:36:53,162 --> 01:36:55,995 You know, Neil Armstrong was born in 1930, 1390 01:36:56,098 --> 01:36:58,362 Buzz Aldrin was born in 1930, 1391 01:36:58,466 --> 01:37:00,957 Mike Collins was born in 1930. 1392 01:37:01,069 --> 01:37:03,037 I mean how lucky can you get? 1393 01:37:03,138 --> 01:37:07,006 We just happened along at the right time. 1394 01:37:07,108 --> 01:37:10,669 I feel blessed every single day. 1395 01:37:10,779 --> 01:37:15,273 Not a day goes by that I don't think, "This is great, 1396 01:37:15,383 --> 01:37:18,784 this was wonderful..." 1397 01:37:18,887 --> 01:37:22,755 Somebody had to go and they happened to pick me, 1398 01:37:22,856 --> 01:37:24,153 so it is great. 1399 01:37:52,819 --> 01:37:55,253 You know, some of the tabloids 1400 01:37:55,355 --> 01:37:59,086 are saying that we did this In a hanger in Arizona. 1401 01:37:59,192 --> 01:38:01,092 Maybe that would have been a good idea! 1402 01:38:01,194 --> 01:38:02,821 I don't know how I would... 1403 01:38:02,929 --> 01:38:05,420 grab someone by the collar who didn't believe, 1404 01:38:05,529 --> 01:38:07,224 and shake them and somehow change their mind. 1405 01:38:07,332 --> 01:38:09,323 Any significant event in history, 1406 01:38:09,433 --> 01:38:12,334 somebody's had a conspiracy theory one way or the other. 1407 01:38:12,437 --> 01:38:16,237 I don't know two Americans who have a fantastic secret 1408 01:38:16,341 --> 01:38:18,571 without one of them blurting it out to the Press! 1409 01:38:18,677 --> 01:38:23,307 Can you imagine thousands of people able to keep this secret? 1410 01:38:23,415 --> 01:38:26,145 We've been to the Moon nine times. 1411 01:38:26,251 --> 01:38:30,381 I mean, why did we fake it nine times... 1412 01:38:30,488 --> 01:38:31,853 If we faked it? 1413 01:38:31,956 --> 01:38:35,915 Truth needs no defence. 1414 01:38:36,027 --> 01:38:39,121 Nobody, nobody... 1415 01:38:39,230 --> 01:38:44,190 Can ever take those footsteps I made on the surface of the Moon away from me. 111703

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