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Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:01,550 --> 00:00:06,590 Over the years, I've had many interesting troubleshooting challenges. 2 00:00:08,550 --> 00:00:14,270 And some of the most interesting problems were 3 00:00:14,270 --> 00:00:16,990 caused by ground loops. 4 00:00:18,790 --> 00:00:24,030 And you might ask, well, what is a ground loop? 5 00:00:25,330 --> 00:00:31,050 Well, one definition would be simply just too many grounds. 6 00:00:32,310 --> 00:00:37,370 And at first, you might think, well, how can that be a problem? 7 00:00:41,450 --> 00:00:48,210 This could be a drawing of a telephone central office, a 8 00:00:48,210 --> 00:00:55,090 computer lab, recording studio, or radio or TV studio. 9 00:00:56,450 --> 00:00:58,250 It has lots of equipment. 10 00:01:00,010 --> 00:01:03,570 And what I want to point out here is notice the blue lines. 11 00:01:03,790 --> 00:01:07,430 Those are the grounds from each cabinet. 12 00:01:08,570 --> 00:01:14,250 And they are all connected in one direction toward that blue 13 00:01:14,250 --> 00:01:17,030 ground bar at the left. 14 00:01:17,430 --> 00:01:20,590 And that goes outside to the earth ground. 15 00:01:21,570 --> 00:01:28,490 So any noise that is developed by the equipment or outside. 16 00:01:29,640 --> 00:01:34,380 noise is grounded and it runs outside into the ground. 17 00:01:37,820 --> 00:01:43,660 There are no ground loops in this drawing but if a new piece of equipment 18 00:01:43,660 --> 00:01:50,540 installed like this you can see that there are now two ground connections and 19 00:01:50,540 --> 00:01:56,080 those connections cause a ground loop 20 00:01:57,520 --> 00:02:03,820 And there's a possibility that some of the equipment 21 00:02:03,820 --> 00:02:09,919 that's in that ground loop can cause interference with an unrelated 22 00:02:09,919 --> 00:02:16,100 piece of equipment, causing some really bizarre troubles. 23 00:02:18,800 --> 00:02:23,540 Audio equipment uses a lot of shielded cable. 24 00:02:25,450 --> 00:02:28,790 And here's a representation of the inside of a chassis. 25 00:02:30,610 --> 00:02:34,870 And we've got at the left an input. 26 00:02:36,330 --> 00:02:39,350 And it has a shielded cable. 27 00:02:40,430 --> 00:02:44,070 And you can see that the shield is connected to the chassis. 28 00:02:44,390 --> 00:02:47,930 And the chassis is usually connected to earth ground. 29 00:02:50,290 --> 00:02:52,970 But the other end of the shielded cable 30 00:02:54,000 --> 00:02:55,620 The shield is not connected. 31 00:02:57,240 --> 00:02:59,260 And here's why. 32 00:03:00,880 --> 00:03:04,380 This is the end view of that shielded cable. 33 00:03:05,380 --> 00:03:08,800 And if there is some interference, 34 00:03:09,280 --> 00:03:15,980 what that shield does is 35 00:03:15,980 --> 00:03:20,200 when that interference hits the shield, 36 00:03:21,320 --> 00:03:25,600 it is drained away and it goes into the chassis. 37 00:03:26,840 --> 00:03:30,420 And no noise gets to the center lead. 38 00:03:33,480 --> 00:03:40,340 Now I have modified the drawing and added another shield connection 39 00:03:40,340 --> 00:03:43,700 to the chassis at the other end. 40 00:03:45,840 --> 00:03:48,560 Let's take a look and see what happens now. 41 00:03:49,930 --> 00:03:53,850 when the interference hits that shield. 42 00:03:58,110 --> 00:04:04,630 Now we have current flowing in the shield and in the chassis. 43 00:04:04,830 --> 00:04:06,510 We now have a ground loop. 44 00:04:08,790 --> 00:04:15,670 And when we have current flowing in that shield, that means that that 45 00:04:15,670 --> 00:04:18,750 shield is going to produce a magnetic field. 46 00:04:19,630 --> 00:04:25,750 And that is going to induce noise into that center conductor. 47 00:04:28,410 --> 00:04:32,990 So too many grounds can be a problem. 48 00:04:34,170 --> 00:04:41,050 And the idea is to drain the noise away in one direction 49 00:04:41,050 --> 00:04:45,730 from the equipment to an earth ground. 4004