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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:04,000 © anoXmous @ http://thepiratebay.sx/user/Zen_Bud 2 00:00:04,001 --> 00:00:08,001 © anoXmous @ http://thepiratebay.sx/user/Zen_Bud 3 00:00:08,002 --> 00:00:12,002 © anoXmous @ http://thepiratebay.sx/user/Zen_Bud 1 00:00:13,263 --> 00:00:18,183 (narrator) Down this road on a summer day in 1944, 2 00:00:18,268 --> 00:00:20,352 the soldiers came. 3 00:00:22,230 --> 00:00:24,606 Nobody lives here now. 4 00:00:30,739 --> 00:00:34,074 They stayed only a few hours. 5 00:00:34,159 --> 00:00:35,743 When they had gone, 6 00:00:35,827 --> 00:00:40,122 a community, which had lived for a thousand years, was dead. 7 00:00:43,251 --> 00:00:48,005 This is Oradour-sur-Glane in France. 8 00:00:49,049 --> 00:00:54,303 The day the soldiers came the people were gathered together. 9 00:00:54,387 --> 00:00:58,057 The men were taken to garages and barns, 10 00:00:58,141 --> 00:01:02,186 the women and children were led down this road, 11 00:01:03,563 --> 00:01:06,899 and they were driven into this church. 12 00:01:08,109 --> 00:01:12,821 Here, they heard the firing as their men were shot. 13 00:01:14,032 --> 00:01:16,617 Then they were killed, too. 14 00:01:17,744 --> 00:01:22,289 A few weeks later many of those who had done the killing 15 00:01:22,373 --> 00:01:25,834 were themselves dead in battle. 16 00:01:29,964 --> 00:01:34,635 They never rebuilt Oradour. lts ruins are a memorial. 17 00:01:36,596 --> 00:01:41,308 lts martyrdom stands for thousand upon thousand of other martyrdoms 18 00:01:41,434 --> 00:01:44,353 in Poland, in Russia, 19 00:01:44,437 --> 00:01:47,689 in Burma, in China, 20 00:01:47,774 --> 00:01:49,858 in a world at war. 21 00:02:47,959 --> 00:02:50,043 (♪ military march) 22 00:02:53,381 --> 00:02:55,674 Germany, 1933. 23 00:02:57,135 --> 00:03:01,263 A huge, blind excitement fills the streets. 24 00:03:01,848 --> 00:03:04,391 The National Socialists have come to power 25 00:03:04,475 --> 00:03:06,852 in a land tortured by unemployment, 26 00:03:06,936 --> 00:03:11,940 embittered by loss of territory, demoralised by political weakness. 27 00:03:12,025 --> 00:03:15,444 Perhaps this will be the new beginning. 28 00:03:20,533 --> 00:03:23,619 Most people think the Nazis a little absurd here, 29 00:03:23,703 --> 00:03:25,329 too obsessive there. 30 00:03:25,413 --> 00:03:29,166 But perhaps the time for thinking is over. 31 00:03:33,213 --> 00:03:35,839 Adolf Hitler did not seize power. 32 00:03:35,924 --> 00:03:40,177 He was offered it just as his voting strength was declining. 33 00:03:40,261 --> 00:03:43,347 The politicians who made Hitler chancellor argued, 34 00:03:43,431 --> 00:03:46,225 "We are hiring him." 35 00:03:46,309 --> 00:03:51,063 Their figurehead was the ancient President von Hindenburg. 36 00:03:53,483 --> 00:03:56,652 Communists and Socialists tried to take Hitler coolly. 37 00:03:56,736 --> 00:03:58,862 "This wouldn't last," they said. 38 00:03:58,947 --> 00:04:02,241 ConserVative anti-Nazis took comfort from the fact 39 00:04:02,325 --> 00:04:05,953 that their old war leader Hindenburg, still head of state, 40 00:04:06,037 --> 00:04:09,122 was known to despise the vulgar little corporal. 41 00:04:09,207 --> 00:04:11,291 (speaking German) 42 00:04:15,129 --> 00:04:17,214 So, fertig? 43 00:04:21,386 --> 00:04:23,929 Na, jetzt wird es fertig sein. 44 00:04:26,766 --> 00:04:31,144 (all shout out "Heil!") 45 00:04:36,776 --> 00:04:39,486 With mock solemnity, Hitler and his lieutenants 46 00:04:39,570 --> 00:04:43,448 walked to the ceremonial opening of parliament. 47 00:04:43,574 --> 00:04:47,327 The party's strength had been built up by revolutionary violence. 48 00:04:47,412 --> 00:04:51,581 They had never imagined that they could take office legally. 49 00:04:51,666 --> 00:04:55,335 When the old Reichstag building was mysteriously gutted by fire, 50 00:04:55,420 --> 00:04:59,589 Hitler seized his chance to suspend all civil liberties. 51 00:04:59,674 --> 00:05:03,385 His followers could hardly believe their luck. 52 00:05:08,349 --> 00:05:12,352 The old Hindenburg, the symbol of apparent continuity, presided 53 00:05:12,437 --> 00:05:16,898 as they turned office into power by acts of sham legality. 54 00:05:16,983 --> 00:05:19,526 ln March, when the Reichstag voted 55 00:05:19,610 --> 00:05:22,279 to allow Hitler to govern without parliament, 56 00:05:22,363 --> 00:05:24,906 Hindenburg made no comment. 57 00:05:26,784 --> 00:05:29,328 The legal chancellor marched irresistibly 58 00:05:29,454 --> 00:05:33,290 into the role of the legal dictator. 59 00:05:50,683 --> 00:05:54,770 Hitler proclaimed the new Germany, 60 00:05:54,896 --> 00:05:57,898 and meant it to last a thousand years. 61 00:06:00,318 --> 00:06:03,028 The new Germany began to round up its enemies - 62 00:06:03,696 --> 00:06:10,285 Communists, Socialists, impertinent journagists, even Reichstag deputies. 63 00:06:10,370 --> 00:06:12,412 Antreten zum Arbeiten. 64 00:06:14,123 --> 00:06:17,376 At Oranienburg concentration camp, just north of Bergin, 65 00:06:17,460 --> 00:06:21,922 conditions were at first crude rather than brutal. 66 00:06:23,841 --> 00:06:30,597 At this time the camps were run by the Sturmabteilungen - the SA. 67 00:06:30,681 --> 00:06:34,017 They bullied more than they murdered. 68 00:06:46,614 --> 00:06:51,952 From the first moment, Hitler unleashed his promised campaign against the Jews. 69 00:06:52,036 --> 00:06:56,665 The SA organised boycotts of Jewish-owned shops. 70 00:06:56,749 --> 00:06:59,918 The real point was to encourage the German people 71 00:07:00,044 --> 00:07:04,965 to think and act anti-Semitic as a matter of course. 72 00:07:05,091 --> 00:07:07,175 The outside world was horrified, 73 00:07:07,260 --> 00:07:10,220 but there were those, including many German Jews, 74 00:07:10,304 --> 00:07:14,015 who thought the anti-Jewish campaign the work of Nazi extremists - 75 00:07:14,100 --> 00:07:19,229 something Herr Hitler would put a stop to when he felt more secure. 76 00:07:21,482 --> 00:07:24,526 There was to be a cultural revolution, too. 77 00:07:24,610 --> 00:07:29,698 German culture would be purged of the Jewish-Bolshevist taint. 78 00:07:29,782 --> 00:07:37,456 (♪ singing in German) 79 00:07:40,835 --> 00:07:43,837 Books flew into the fire. 80 00:07:43,921 --> 00:07:47,674 Many of those who flung them were students and teachers. 81 00:07:47,758 --> 00:07:51,720 And, as the sparks rose, the intellectuals fled - 82 00:07:51,846 --> 00:07:54,014 writers and scientists - 83 00:07:54,098 --> 00:07:58,935 to give their talents to Western Europe and America. 84 00:07:59,937 --> 00:08:04,399 A hundred years before the German-Jewish poet, Heine, 85 00:08:04,484 --> 00:08:07,319 whose books now went into the fire, had warned: 86 00:08:07,403 --> 00:08:12,949 "Where one burns books, there one eventually burns people." 87 00:08:15,578 --> 00:08:17,662 (peal of church bells) 88 00:08:18,915 --> 00:08:22,959 Some of Hitler's most earnest followers found new ways to show loyalty - 89 00:08:23,044 --> 00:08:27,464 they married or got married all over again under a Nazi ritual. 90 00:08:38,267 --> 00:08:41,645 The Nazis had mass support among the unemployed, 91 00:08:41,729 --> 00:08:45,065 but less among the organised workers. 92 00:08:46,025 --> 00:08:47,651 The leff wing of the party 93 00:08:47,735 --> 00:08:51,029 wanted to start a workers' movement inside the factories, 94 00:08:51,113 --> 00:08:53,198 but Hitler took a simpler course. 95 00:08:53,282 --> 00:08:57,702 He granted the unions the May Day holiday they had always demanded. 96 00:08:57,787 --> 00:09:00,497 Next day he abolished the unions. 97 00:09:01,791 --> 00:09:04,501 Nazi supporters were basically middle class - 98 00:09:04,585 --> 00:09:09,172 shopkeepers ruined by the Depression, clerks who had lost their savings, 99 00:09:09,298 --> 00:09:12,175 craffsmen squeezed out by mass production. 100 00:09:14,929 --> 00:09:18,056 (chants of "Sieg Heil!") 101 00:09:19,767 --> 00:09:22,769 These were Hitler's worshippers. 102 00:09:24,188 --> 00:09:26,690 (♪ congregation singing) 103 00:09:31,362 --> 00:09:34,155 To this army of those who had come down in the world 104 00:09:34,240 --> 00:09:37,409 belonged the small farmers, the peasants. 105 00:09:37,493 --> 00:09:40,412 Hitler had enlisted them during the Depression. 106 00:09:41,080 --> 00:09:45,083 Now he told them that their blood and soil were Germany's treasure. 107 00:09:45,167 --> 00:09:48,587 He passed laws to give them safe possession of their fields 108 00:09:48,671 --> 00:09:51,047 and he gave them bread. 109 00:10:06,689 --> 00:10:09,357 The Treaty of Versailles in 1919 110 00:10:09,442 --> 00:10:12,777 had bitten deep into Germany's frontiers. 111 00:10:15,239 --> 00:10:19,451 Alsace-Lorraine and the Saarland had been lost. 112 00:10:19,577 --> 00:10:22,996 East Prussia was cut off by the new Polish state, 113 00:10:23,080 --> 00:10:25,582 Silesia cut in two, 114 00:10:25,708 --> 00:10:28,835 Danzig, a League of Nations city. 115 00:10:28,919 --> 00:10:31,046 (man speaking in German) 116 00:10:32,882 --> 00:10:38,178 To every patriot, Germany could not be free while Versailles stood. 117 00:10:38,262 --> 00:10:43,266 Hitler alone seemed the saviour foretold by the monuments of the border: 118 00:10:43,351 --> 00:10:48,813 "Never, German, forget what blind hate stole from thee." 119 00:10:48,898 --> 00:10:50,732 (♪ German national anthem) 120 00:10:50,816 --> 00:10:56,279 "Wait for the hour that avenges the bleeding frontier crime." 121 00:11:03,204 --> 00:11:06,706 Abroad there were some who admired the way 122 00:11:06,791 --> 00:11:09,084 this new Germany stood up for herself. 123 00:11:09,168 --> 00:11:12,504 ln America we've had reports against your new government, 124 00:11:12,588 --> 00:11:16,841 and, in most cases, this has caused hasty demonstrations everywhere. 125 00:11:16,926 --> 00:11:20,095 l can now say to you that the American people today realise 126 00:11:20,179 --> 00:11:23,014 these stories are untrue and without foundation. 127 00:11:23,099 --> 00:11:26,351 l find that there's a new, fresh vitality here in Germany 128 00:11:26,435 --> 00:11:29,521 under your great leader and chancellor, Adolf Hitler, 129 00:11:29,605 --> 00:11:31,147 of whom l'm a great admirer. 130 00:11:32,608 --> 00:11:34,484 The new Germany will live 131 00:11:34,568 --> 00:11:38,196 for you have the best centralised government in the world today. 132 00:11:38,280 --> 00:11:40,156 (narrator) ln fact, the new Germany 133 00:11:40,241 --> 00:11:43,159 was a bundle of different interests and grievances 134 00:11:43,244 --> 00:11:46,413 held together by the strap of the National Socialist Party, 135 00:11:46,497 --> 00:11:49,165 and the buckle of the strap was Hitler. 136 00:11:49,250 --> 00:11:51,710 (Hitler speaking German) 137 00:12:27,329 --> 00:12:32,041 Well, really, it was the only party that promised to get us out of the hole. 138 00:12:32,126 --> 00:12:37,297 And their idea was principally 139 00:12:37,381 --> 00:12:41,468 that that would only be possible 140 00:12:41,552 --> 00:12:47,849 if we developed as a nation a team spirit, a solidarity, 141 00:12:47,933 --> 00:12:51,644 and pulling all on the same rope, 142 00:12:51,729 --> 00:12:57,025 instead of quarrelling about petty differences of opinions 143 00:12:57,109 --> 00:13:01,529 in foreign politics and social politics, and so on and so forth. 144 00:13:02,198 --> 00:13:04,324 (speaks German) 145 00:13:06,118 --> 00:13:08,036 (translator) What did he promise? 146 00:13:08,120 --> 00:13:10,413 Work and bread for the masses, 147 00:13:10,498 --> 00:13:15,668 for the millions of workers who were unemployed and hungry at that time. 148 00:13:15,753 --> 00:13:19,297 Nowadays, in our prosperous society, 149 00:13:19,381 --> 00:13:22,091 work and bread doesn't mean anything any more, 150 00:13:22,176 --> 00:13:25,929 but then it was an absolutely basic need. 151 00:13:26,013 --> 00:13:29,974 And this promise, which wouldn't make any sense today, 152 00:13:30,059 --> 00:13:34,187 then it sounded like a promise of paradise. 153 00:13:37,399 --> 00:13:39,776 (speaks German) 154 00:13:39,860 --> 00:13:43,696 (translator) All this seemed ideal ground for a prophet to say: 155 00:13:43,781 --> 00:13:48,618 "l will lead you to the promised land. l will deliver you from evil." 156 00:13:48,702 --> 00:13:52,831 Anyone who said that would be greeted with enthusiasm. 157 00:14:00,506 --> 00:14:04,092 Of course, there were people who said this is a false prophet, 158 00:14:04,176 --> 00:14:07,470 but who was to know whether they were right or not? 159 00:14:07,555 --> 00:14:09,222 At that time no one did. 160 00:14:09,306 --> 00:14:12,600 (♪ people singing "Silent Night" in German) 161 00:14:17,940 --> 00:14:21,150 (narrator) Christmas, 1933. 162 00:14:21,235 --> 00:14:23,611 One year of Hitler's Reich. 163 00:14:24,905 --> 00:14:28,408 Peace on earth, goodwill towards men. 164 00:14:29,577 --> 00:14:33,913 The concentration camps were full, parliament a rubber stamp, 165 00:14:34,039 --> 00:14:36,791 political parties and trade unions abolished, 166 00:14:36,876 --> 00:14:41,296 the Jews out of the civil serVice, a free press strangled, 167 00:14:41,380 --> 00:14:44,257 personal liberties destroyed. 168 00:14:48,220 --> 00:14:52,682 Germany lived under a permanent state of emergency. 169 00:14:59,940 --> 00:15:05,695 Adolf Hitler's state was all-powerful, even almighty. 170 00:15:08,282 --> 00:15:10,366 (church bells ringing) 171 00:15:13,871 --> 00:15:16,247 But he still felt threatened. 172 00:15:16,332 --> 00:15:19,250 He feared his old conserVative rivals. 173 00:15:19,335 --> 00:15:21,628 He feared the army. 174 00:15:21,712 --> 00:15:26,049 And he feared those sections of his own party which were still revolutionary, 175 00:15:26,133 --> 00:15:29,135 like the leadership of the storm troopers. 176 00:15:29,219 --> 00:15:32,931 The army, too, hated the SA. 177 00:15:33,015 --> 00:15:40,355 Hitler saw how he could conciliate the generals and clear his own path. 178 00:15:40,439 --> 00:15:47,195 The head of the SA was one of his oldest comrades, Ernst Röhm. 179 00:15:47,279 --> 00:15:51,532 On June 30, 1934, Röhm was arrested... 180 00:15:51,617 --> 00:15:52,867 (gunshot) 181 00:15:52,952 --> 00:15:54,285 ..and shot. 182 00:15:54,370 --> 00:15:56,955 His SA commanders and more than 100 others 183 00:15:57,039 --> 00:15:59,290 dragged from their beds were shot, too. 184 00:15:59,375 --> 00:16:01,459 (gunfire) 185 00:16:02,670 --> 00:16:05,630 Murder exploded across Germany. 186 00:16:05,756 --> 00:16:09,008 The killers were the new force in Germany - 187 00:16:09,093 --> 00:16:12,011 the SS, Hitler's bodyguard - 188 00:16:12,096 --> 00:16:16,015 which now became his personal instrument of terror. 189 00:16:17,184 --> 00:16:21,646 Göring gave a press conference at the propaganda ministry. 190 00:16:21,730 --> 00:16:24,190 Goebbels was the minister of propaganda, 191 00:16:24,274 --> 00:16:27,443 but Goebbels had wisely stayed with Hitler at that time 192 00:16:27,528 --> 00:16:30,196 because Göring hated his guts 193 00:16:30,280 --> 00:16:34,951 and might have taken the opportunity to bump him off if he'd been in Berlin. 194 00:16:35,035 --> 00:16:38,830 Göring had that press conference for the foreign press. 195 00:16:38,914 --> 00:16:44,002 Before that the telephones had been cut off to all foreign countries. 196 00:16:44,086 --> 00:16:47,255 Göring came striding in and said, 197 00:16:47,381 --> 00:16:51,634 "l know you boys always like to have a story," - 198 00:16:51,719 --> 00:16:57,223 he used the English word - "l've got a story for you all right," 199 00:16:57,307 --> 00:17:03,688 and described how that previous night and that morning 200 00:17:03,814 --> 00:17:08,818 he and Hitler had acted against dissident forces, 201 00:17:08,902 --> 00:17:13,740 both of the Right and of the Leff, 202 00:17:13,824 --> 00:17:16,200 that Röhm had been shot, 203 00:17:16,285 --> 00:17:19,662 that a second revolution had been quashed. 204 00:17:19,747 --> 00:17:26,419 He also made a rather obscure reference to General von Schleicher 205 00:17:26,503 --> 00:17:31,007 who had preceded Hitler as German chancellor. 206 00:17:31,091 --> 00:17:35,762 Then he leff the room, came back again in a few seconds and said: 207 00:17:35,846 --> 00:17:39,140 "lt's been suggested that l didn't make myself quite clear 208 00:17:39,224 --> 00:17:41,059 about General von Schleicher." 209 00:17:41,143 --> 00:17:44,645 "He was shot dead this morning while resisting arrest." 210 00:17:45,064 --> 00:17:51,110 30 June, '34, was a very, very important day, 211 00:17:51,195 --> 00:17:57,533 because it became obvious that this government, as a government, 212 00:17:57,618 --> 00:18:00,411 started to become a murderer. 213 00:18:00,496 --> 00:18:04,582 You remember that they shot a great number of people 214 00:18:04,666 --> 00:18:07,835 without any bringing them to court. 215 00:18:07,961 --> 00:18:10,046 They just killed them. 216 00:18:10,130 --> 00:18:17,929 And not only direct enemies of Hitler in that moment - 217 00:18:18,055 --> 00:18:22,642 not only Röhm, the head of the SA - 218 00:18:22,726 --> 00:18:27,688 but also other people who they felt were unpleasant. 219 00:18:27,773 --> 00:18:30,858 And they just did it at the same time. 220 00:18:30,943 --> 00:18:33,486 (♪ solemn dirge) 221 00:18:39,451 --> 00:18:42,954 (narrator) That summer another rival disappeared. 222 00:18:44,373 --> 00:18:49,627 President Hindenburg died in his bed on August 2. 223 00:18:52,005 --> 00:18:54,048 While the old man was still breathing 224 00:18:54,133 --> 00:18:56,884 Hitler had abolished the office of president, 225 00:18:56,969 --> 00:18:59,804 proclaiming himself Führer and Chancellor, 226 00:18:59,888 --> 00:19:02,515 head of state and government. 227 00:19:08,522 --> 00:19:11,232 And before his corpse was laid to rest, 228 00:19:11,316 --> 00:19:14,235 Hitler usurped his command over the army. 229 00:19:14,862 --> 00:19:18,197 The armed forces paraded to swear a new oath. 230 00:19:18,282 --> 00:19:21,617 Where once they had sworn loyalty to the constitution, 231 00:19:21,702 --> 00:19:25,788 now they pledged themselves to Hitler, personally, by name. 232 00:19:26,456 --> 00:19:31,419 - lch schwöre bei Gott... - (men repeat sentence) 233 00:19:31,503 --> 00:19:34,297 ..diesen heiligen Eid... 234 00:19:34,423 --> 00:19:37,049 (men repeat) 235 00:19:37,134 --> 00:19:42,680 ..dass ich den Führer des Deutschen Reiches und Volkes... 236 00:19:42,764 --> 00:19:47,602 (men repeat) 237 00:19:47,686 --> 00:19:49,687 ..Adolf Hitler... 238 00:19:49,771 --> 00:19:51,898 (men repeat) 239 00:19:51,982 --> 00:19:56,569 (narrator) For German officers, an oath was almost physically real. 240 00:19:59,489 --> 00:20:01,782 Hitler had trapped them. 241 00:20:01,867 --> 00:20:06,829 Now they could not disobey him without disobeying the fatherland. 242 00:20:06,914 --> 00:20:10,249 - lch schwöre... - (men repeat) 243 00:20:10,334 --> 00:20:13,252 - lch schwöre bei Gott... - (men repeat) 244 00:20:13,337 --> 00:20:16,339 lch schwöre Adolf Hitler... 245 00:20:16,423 --> 00:20:18,674 Adolf Hitler. 246 00:20:18,759 --> 00:20:20,343 (men) Adolf Hitler. 247 00:20:20,427 --> 00:20:21,761 Adolf Hitler! 248 00:20:21,845 --> 00:20:23,387 (men) Adolf Hitler. 249 00:20:23,472 --> 00:20:24,972 Adolf Hitler! 250 00:20:25,057 --> 00:20:26,849 (train whistle) 251 00:20:29,102 --> 00:20:33,814 Hitler kept up the pace. That same month the Germans had to go again to the polls 252 00:20:33,899 --> 00:20:37,818 to approve his assumption of state and government powers. 253 00:20:37,903 --> 00:20:40,238 By now the machinery of ballot management 254 00:20:40,322 --> 00:20:44,492 by threat, propaganda, forgery and fraud was functioning excellently. 255 00:20:44,618 --> 00:20:46,702 (crowd chant in German) 256 00:20:51,333 --> 00:20:54,252 Hitler had a 90% Ja. 257 00:20:55,045 --> 00:20:58,589 Four million still voted Nein. 258 00:20:59,716 --> 00:21:01,175 Hitler proclaimed: 259 00:21:01,260 --> 00:21:06,889 "For the next thousand years, there will be no other revolution in Germany." 260 00:21:11,728 --> 00:21:15,356 The Nazis preached the doctrine of "folk-community", 261 00:21:15,440 --> 00:21:19,568 of learning to be Germans one of another. 262 00:21:19,653 --> 00:21:24,115 Winter Help, the main street collection for charity, was one symbol, 263 00:21:24,199 --> 00:21:27,827 and the leaders of the party, for the benefit of the cameras, 264 00:21:27,911 --> 00:21:30,913 showed themselves as folk comrades, too. 265 00:21:32,332 --> 00:21:34,709 Göring displayed himself - 266 00:21:34,793 --> 00:21:38,921 a war hero, a man who laughed and enjoyed life, 267 00:21:39,006 --> 00:21:42,508 a moderating force in the party, it was believed. 268 00:21:42,592 --> 00:21:45,928 Joseph Goebbels, the little propaganda minister, 269 00:21:46,013 --> 00:21:49,390 whom the backstreet called "poison dwarf". 270 00:21:49,474 --> 00:21:53,144 His sharpness was feared, but respected. 271 00:21:54,479 --> 00:21:58,816 - Warum lachen Sie? - Die Dame spricht nicht Deutsch. 272 00:21:58,900 --> 00:22:04,947 The deputy Führer, Rudolf Hess, a puzzling figure to the crowds. 273 00:22:05,073 --> 00:22:10,995 The Nazi way of ruling was to be remote, but to seem not to be. 274 00:22:11,079 --> 00:22:14,915 All classes were encouraged to relish the same meals - 275 00:22:15,000 --> 00:22:18,669 the soldier, the boss, the worker, the banker. 276 00:22:18,754 --> 00:22:21,213 The party believed in community, 277 00:22:21,298 --> 00:22:24,550 but the industrialists stayed rich. 278 00:22:24,634 --> 00:22:28,054 They had financed the Nazis when they seemed likely to win, 279 00:22:28,138 --> 00:22:32,892 and now they submitted to Nazi direction without too much distaste. 280 00:22:32,976 --> 00:22:35,561 Business was picking up fast. 281 00:22:37,773 --> 00:22:41,275 The economy was reviving when the Nazis came to power, 282 00:22:41,360 --> 00:22:43,277 but they reaped the credit, 283 00:22:43,362 --> 00:22:47,114 speeding recovery with an enormous public works programme 284 00:22:47,199 --> 00:22:48,991 for the unemployed. 285 00:22:49,076 --> 00:22:55,706 Other nations, where mass unemployment persisted, watched Germany with envy. 286 00:23:24,861 --> 00:23:30,241 The workless built the autobahns - the first motorways in the world, 287 00:23:30,325 --> 00:23:34,245 binding a still-provincial Germany together. 288 00:23:34,329 --> 00:23:37,331 The autobahns were not least for private pleasure, 289 00:23:37,416 --> 00:23:40,751 in the fascist notion of Strength through Joy. 290 00:23:40,877 --> 00:23:43,796 And they were presented less as a transport system 291 00:23:43,922 --> 00:23:46,465 than as a triumph of national will, 292 00:23:46,550 --> 00:23:48,759 linked with other prestige projects, 293 00:23:48,844 --> 00:23:52,471 like the design for the Führer's new Berlin. 294 00:24:13,034 --> 00:24:15,119 (woman) Voll Anmut und Gesundheit, 295 00:24:15,203 --> 00:24:19,248 gläubig und ihrer großen Pflichten und Aufgaben bewusst, 296 00:24:19,332 --> 00:24:23,210 sind sie glückliche Mädel unserer großen Zeit. 297 00:24:26,131 --> 00:24:28,924 (narrator) These were members of Faith and Beauty, 298 00:24:29,009 --> 00:24:31,719 older sister to the League of German Maidens, 299 00:24:31,803 --> 00:24:34,263 the girls' equivalent of the Hitler Youth. 300 00:24:34,347 --> 00:24:36,056 And so on. 301 00:24:36,141 --> 00:24:42,271 All young people learnt party songs, drilled and danced and belonged. 302 00:24:49,362 --> 00:24:50,988 (cheering) 303 00:24:53,116 --> 00:24:56,952 Each year the farmers and their wives gathered at the Buckeberg 304 00:24:57,037 --> 00:24:59,872 to meet their Führer at harVest time. 305 00:24:59,956 --> 00:25:05,586 ln 1936 those who stood and waited for the leader numbered one million. 306 00:25:10,383 --> 00:25:11,926 The leader was late. 307 00:25:12,010 --> 00:25:15,054 He always arrived late - it built up tension. 308 00:25:15,138 --> 00:25:18,224 (crowd cheer and shout "Heil, Hitler!") 309 00:25:25,232 --> 00:25:28,150 (♪ band strikes up) 310 00:25:58,306 --> 00:26:01,809 Then he came, letting the excitement spill over. 311 00:26:01,893 --> 00:26:03,561 As he marched to the rostrum, 312 00:26:03,645 --> 00:26:07,022 the masses were allowed to see him close and even to touch him. 313 00:26:07,107 --> 00:26:11,443 Deliberately, women were placed in the front rows. 314 00:26:11,570 --> 00:26:15,823 (translator) When he went up the mountain, 315 00:26:15,907 --> 00:26:18,617 l couldn't understand how it was possible 316 00:26:18,702 --> 00:26:20,744 that people could shout so much. 317 00:26:22,956 --> 00:26:27,918 Yet when he came towards our group, l too came under his spell 318 00:26:28,003 --> 00:26:33,090 and shouted "Heil!" just gike everyone egse. 319 00:26:33,174 --> 00:26:38,262 But then when he was really close, greeting people to his leff and right, 320 00:26:38,346 --> 00:26:44,643 shaking their hand and exchanging a few words, and he also shook my hand, 321 00:26:44,728 --> 00:26:49,565 l suddenly noticed that everybody in his immediate presence 322 00:26:49,649 --> 00:26:52,818 was completely silent. 323 00:26:53,987 --> 00:26:57,698 For the first ten minutes he wasn't a good speaker. 324 00:26:57,782 --> 00:27:04,079 He just began warming up and finding the words. 325 00:27:04,164 --> 00:27:09,585 But then he turned out to be a terribly good speaker, you know. 326 00:27:09,669 --> 00:27:14,298 He just... l don't know the words in English. 327 00:27:14,382 --> 00:27:17,718 Er massierte his public! 328 00:27:19,220 --> 00:27:25,309 And the whole atmosphere 329 00:27:25,393 --> 00:27:27,978 grew more and more hysterical. 330 00:27:29,147 --> 00:27:37,154 He was interrupted nearly affer every phrase by big applause, 331 00:27:37,238 --> 00:27:41,909 and women began screaming. 332 00:27:41,993 --> 00:27:49,958 lt was like a mass religious ceremony. 333 00:27:52,837 --> 00:27:55,506 Well, l listened to his speech 334 00:27:55,590 --> 00:28:03,138 and l felt that more and more excited atmosphere in the hall 335 00:28:03,223 --> 00:28:09,645 and for some seconds again and again l had a feeling, 336 00:28:09,729 --> 00:28:14,400 "What a pity that l can't share that belief 337 00:28:14,484 --> 00:28:16,694 of all those thousands of people, 338 00:28:16,778 --> 00:28:21,115 that l am alone, that l am contrary to all that." 339 00:28:21,199 --> 00:28:27,246 lt was very funny. l thought, "He is talking all the nonsense l know, 340 00:28:27,330 --> 00:28:29,498 the nonsense he always talked." 341 00:28:29,582 --> 00:28:35,838 But still, l felt it must be wonderful 342 00:28:35,922 --> 00:28:41,552 just to jump into that bubbging pot 343 00:28:41,636 --> 00:28:46,932 and be a member of all those who are believers. 344 00:28:47,016 --> 00:28:49,727 (siren / uproar) 345 00:29:01,364 --> 00:29:05,492 (woman) One lady in our village, she went to Berlin 346 00:29:05,618 --> 00:29:09,413 to a birthday reception for Adolf Hitler, 347 00:29:09,497 --> 00:29:14,543 and she came back and told us, "The Führer shook hands with me." 348 00:29:14,627 --> 00:29:19,631 And from this time on she was like a saint in our village. 349 00:29:29,934 --> 00:29:33,687 (♪ "Adolf Hitler's Edelweiss") 350 00:29:40,361 --> 00:29:45,032 Hitler's home life took place on a ledge in Bavaria, at Berchtesgaden. 351 00:29:45,116 --> 00:29:48,452 These pictures are from the home movies of Eva Braun, 352 00:29:48,536 --> 00:29:52,289 the discreet young woman who stayed with him till his death. 353 00:29:52,415 --> 00:29:56,210 To the Berghof, for tea and tactics, came the elect. 354 00:29:56,294 --> 00:29:58,837 Some a little ill at ease, 355 00:29:58,922 --> 00:30:00,714 some genuinely intimate. 356 00:30:02,509 --> 00:30:05,010 (♪ song continues) 357 00:30:42,173 --> 00:30:47,553 Even in private Hitler had to correspond to the image sold to the public. 358 00:30:48,972 --> 00:30:51,056 Adolf with children. 359 00:30:52,350 --> 00:30:54,476 Adolf with dogs. 360 00:30:56,020 --> 00:30:58,772 Adolf with a magnifying glass. 361 00:31:06,447 --> 00:31:08,532 Adolf with friends. 362 00:31:13,371 --> 00:31:18,375 Out for a walk, like a good Bavarian bourgeois on a Sunday. 363 00:31:25,758 --> 00:31:28,927 ln this closed circle Eva Braun posed herself 364 00:31:29,012 --> 00:31:34,016 as the girl who was natural, healthy, joyfully physical. 365 00:32:13,014 --> 00:32:18,060 Up at the Berghof there were jovial, friendly bodyguards 366 00:32:18,144 --> 00:32:20,228 and colder ones. 367 00:32:20,313 --> 00:32:23,690 Heinrich Himmler, lord of the SS, 368 00:32:23,775 --> 00:32:28,070 came with Heydrich, his terrible, handsome lieutenant. 369 00:32:34,661 --> 00:32:38,580 On formal occasions, the SS Guard turned out. 370 00:32:38,665 --> 00:32:43,001 They were the reality of the great tyranny centred in distant Berlin, 371 00:32:43,086 --> 00:32:46,755 their hands soon to be red with the blood of millions. 372 00:32:47,674 --> 00:32:52,052 For that reality, Hitler would leave his chintz chair, 373 00:32:52,136 --> 00:32:56,014 his tea parties and his mistress. 374 00:32:56,099 --> 00:32:59,309 The car was waiting at the foot of the steps. 375 00:33:04,190 --> 00:33:06,274 (♪ brass band) 376 00:33:09,487 --> 00:33:14,574 lf Germany was to be strong again, Germany must re-arm. 377 00:33:14,659 --> 00:33:21,707 A people frightened by war had to become once more familiar with arms, 378 00:33:21,791 --> 00:33:23,625 to touch them, 379 00:33:23,710 --> 00:33:25,585 to play at soldiers. 380 00:33:45,940 --> 00:33:48,608 Germany had to train pilots. 381 00:33:48,693 --> 00:33:50,902 Versailles forbade Germany an air force, 382 00:33:50,987 --> 00:33:54,364 so the League for Air Sports used gliders 383 00:33:54,449 --> 00:33:58,368 to train men, still officially civilians, for the future Luffwaffe. 384 00:34:00,079 --> 00:34:01,496 (excited shouting) 385 00:34:02,915 --> 00:34:06,460 And the army began to swell beyond the limits set by Versailles 386 00:34:06,544 --> 00:34:09,463 from the moment Hitler became chancellor. 387 00:34:09,547 --> 00:34:13,091 ln secret, it trebled its strength in two years. 388 00:34:14,052 --> 00:34:16,136 (men singing) 389 00:34:27,565 --> 00:34:31,485 Any foreign military attaché could see what was happening, 390 00:34:31,569 --> 00:34:33,528 but the world did nothing decisive, 391 00:34:33,613 --> 00:34:37,324 and in March 1935 Germany announced conscription - 392 00:34:37,450 --> 00:34:40,577 a peacetime army of half a million men. 393 00:34:46,501 --> 00:34:49,961 The new tanks came out into the open. 394 00:34:59,055 --> 00:35:02,641 The first Luffwaffe squadrons flew past. 395 00:35:10,900 --> 00:35:13,819 The new German navy was under way. 396 00:35:21,911 --> 00:35:24,371 Hitler kept Europe bewildered. 397 00:35:24,455 --> 00:35:30,335 Proclaiming Versailles extinct, he proposed a limit on armaments. 398 00:35:30,461 --> 00:35:33,713 Britain, the first democracy to make a pact with the Nazis, 399 00:35:33,798 --> 00:35:35,423 signed a naval agreement. 400 00:35:35,550 --> 00:35:37,801 Hitler was reassured. 401 00:35:37,885 --> 00:35:42,430 lt might be safe to start tampering with the hated frontiers. 402 00:35:42,515 --> 00:35:46,268 One part of Versailles had already been undone. 403 00:35:46,352 --> 00:35:49,729 ln January 1935 the territory of the Saar, 404 00:35:49,856 --> 00:35:53,859 the little coal-mining region which had been German before 1918, 405 00:35:53,943 --> 00:35:57,404 voted overwhelmingly, and under international superVision, 406 00:35:57,488 --> 00:36:00,282 to return to Germany. 407 00:36:07,540 --> 00:36:10,959 Next door, the Rhineland remained a demilitarised zone. 408 00:36:11,043 --> 00:36:13,295 Beyond dispute, this was part of Germany, 409 00:36:13,379 --> 00:36:16,381 but to recover it would directly challenge the Allies 410 00:36:16,465 --> 00:36:18,425 and, above all, France. 411 00:36:19,886 --> 00:36:25,765 The troops rode over the Rhine bridges at dawn on March 7, 1936. 412 00:36:25,850 --> 00:36:29,519 Secretly, the commanders were ready to bolt back across the river 413 00:36:29,604 --> 00:36:31,479 if France showed any sign of fight. 414 00:36:31,606 --> 00:36:33,690 But there was none. 415 00:36:35,693 --> 00:36:38,195 The Rhineland city of Cologne and all Germany 416 00:36:38,279 --> 00:36:40,488 went wild with relief and delight. 417 00:36:41,073 --> 00:36:44,117 A part of German honour had been recovered. 418 00:36:44,202 --> 00:36:47,162 Hitler had taken a chance and won. 419 00:36:48,706 --> 00:36:54,794 Two years later, Austria, Hitler's birthplace, lay ripe for the taking. 420 00:36:54,921 --> 00:37:00,258 Austrian Nazis were rioting for Anschluss - union with Germany. 421 00:37:00,343 --> 00:37:05,180 To prevent a plebiscite on independence, Hitler marched in. 422 00:37:12,021 --> 00:37:15,398 The German troops were greeted by hysterical crowds. 423 00:37:15,483 --> 00:37:20,237 Vienna suffered a Jew-baiting terror which even Germany had not yet seen. 424 00:37:20,363 --> 00:37:23,073 Austria became a province. 425 00:37:23,157 --> 00:37:26,785 Germany's neighbours, appalled, uncertain, unprepared, 426 00:37:26,869 --> 00:37:29,204 once again did nothing. 427 00:37:36,587 --> 00:37:40,173 Czechoslovakia was no lost German province, 428 00:37:40,258 --> 00:37:46,012 but an independent nation, allied to Britain, France and the Soviet Union. 429 00:37:46,097 --> 00:37:50,141 Within its northern border lived the Sudeten Germans. 430 00:37:50,226 --> 00:37:53,853 Hitler incited this minority, which had never been part of Germany, 431 00:37:53,980 --> 00:37:56,439 to demand union with the Reich. 432 00:37:56,524 --> 00:37:59,025 Europe prepared for war. 433 00:38:00,611 --> 00:38:03,655 But though Czechoslovakia was ready to fight, 434 00:38:03,739 --> 00:38:05,949 Britain and France gave way. 435 00:38:06,033 --> 00:38:08,868 At Munich, in September 1938, 436 00:38:08,953 --> 00:38:11,496 Chamberlain for Britain, 437 00:38:11,580 --> 00:38:13,915 ltaly's Mussolini, 438 00:38:14,000 --> 00:38:16,584 Daladier for France 439 00:38:16,669 --> 00:38:18,628 signed with Hitler the treaty 440 00:38:18,713 --> 00:38:21,506 which stripped Czechoslovakia of the Sudetenland 441 00:38:21,590 --> 00:38:24,134 and leff her broken and abandoned. 442 00:38:39,150 --> 00:38:41,318 The Germans crossed the border, 443 00:38:41,402 --> 00:38:45,905 welcomed as liberators by the Sudeten population. 444 00:38:46,866 --> 00:38:50,118 At home, the German generals who opposed Hitler, 445 00:38:50,202 --> 00:38:55,248 hoping that a rebuff over Czechoslovakia would fatally injure his prestige, 446 00:38:55,333 --> 00:38:57,917 gave up their plots in despair. 447 00:39:17,313 --> 00:39:21,649 Hitler sat with his troops in the field and planned ahead. 448 00:39:23,611 --> 00:39:27,113 The Sudetenland was easily digested. 449 00:39:27,198 --> 00:39:29,908 The next course could be taken fast. 450 00:39:32,745 --> 00:39:36,998 The shrunken Czech lands and Slovakia lay helpless before him. 451 00:39:37,083 --> 00:39:40,377 He struck on March 15, 1939. 452 00:39:43,255 --> 00:39:46,633 The German troops reached Prague the same day. 453 00:39:46,717 --> 00:39:49,260 There was no resistance. 454 00:39:50,888 --> 00:39:55,392 The last democracy in Central Europe was wiped out. 455 00:39:58,187 --> 00:40:01,815 The Czechs would never trust the West again. 456 00:40:01,899 --> 00:40:04,692 The West trusted Hitler no more, 457 00:40:04,777 --> 00:40:09,155 and realised at last that only force would stop him. 458 00:40:19,250 --> 00:40:22,377 Berlin: more cheers, more worship. 459 00:40:23,421 --> 00:40:27,382 Yet what was in the minds of those who cheered? 460 00:40:27,466 --> 00:40:29,467 Very few wanted wars of conquest 461 00:40:29,552 --> 00:40:31,428 or hoped, like Hitler, 462 00:40:31,512 --> 00:40:35,557 for a German empire from the Urals to the Atlantic. 463 00:40:35,641 --> 00:40:39,936 Most thought they were taking back what had been robbed from them 464 00:40:40,020 --> 00:40:45,525 and restoring, not destroying, the order and unity of Europe. 465 00:40:45,609 --> 00:40:48,153 (jubilant singing) 466 00:40:57,621 --> 00:41:04,002 For these crowds it seemed that Hitler's statesmanship could never fail. 467 00:41:04,086 --> 00:41:06,254 Others who stayed at home that night 468 00:41:06,338 --> 00:41:09,883 feared a war was coming which might destroy Germany itself. 469 00:41:09,967 --> 00:41:13,761 But now they saw no hope for a rising against Hitler, 470 00:41:13,846 --> 00:41:16,139 they were leff with the moral question: 471 00:41:16,223 --> 00:41:20,810 "Should one resist a tyranny without hope of success?" 472 00:41:21,937 --> 00:41:27,734 Well, l think it's difficult first of all to make up your mind 473 00:41:27,860 --> 00:41:31,946 that you should do something against a government. 474 00:41:33,199 --> 00:41:36,784 This is very rare, first of all. 475 00:41:36,911 --> 00:41:41,289 Secondly, if it is extremely dangerous, 476 00:41:41,373 --> 00:41:44,918 as it is in a dictatorship, 477 00:41:45,002 --> 00:41:50,048 it's even more complicated because everybody likes his own life. 478 00:41:51,425 --> 00:41:56,221 l think everything that came to us when we were living in Germany 479 00:41:56,347 --> 00:41:59,390 came very gradually. 480 00:41:59,475 --> 00:42:06,898 That was part, perhaps, of the way Hitler managed these things. 481 00:42:06,982 --> 00:42:10,151 lt came on us rather drip by drip, 482 00:42:10,236 --> 00:42:13,655 rather like an anaesthetic, one could almost say, 483 00:42:13,739 --> 00:42:21,454 and it was only when a specific thing that he did hit you personally 484 00:42:21,539 --> 00:42:27,585 that you actually realised what was going on. 485 00:42:28,963 --> 00:42:35,260 ln my particular case, l think l could say that it hit me personally 486 00:42:35,344 --> 00:42:40,515 when the Jewish doctor of my children, 487 00:42:40,599 --> 00:42:43,351 whom l'd always had, came... 488 00:42:43,435 --> 00:42:48,606 He was a very busy man, but he seemed to be having always more time to spare. 489 00:42:48,691 --> 00:42:51,025 l remember one night 490 00:42:51,110 --> 00:42:56,114 he came and spent the night looking affer my very sick child. 491 00:42:56,198 --> 00:42:58,950 And in the morning the child was better 492 00:42:59,034 --> 00:43:03,121 and when he leff he asked me, 493 00:43:03,205 --> 00:43:06,207 did l still want him to look affer my children? 494 00:43:06,292 --> 00:43:10,086 And l was tired and l said, "Well, for goodness' sakes, why not?" 495 00:43:10,170 --> 00:43:13,464 And he told me that his clinic, his children's clinic, 496 00:43:13,549 --> 00:43:17,260 which he had started in Hamburg was going... 497 00:43:17,344 --> 00:43:20,930 He was going to be dismissed, and he'd had threatening letters 498 00:43:21,015 --> 00:43:25,810 that if he laid his hands on Aryan children, he was in for trouble. 499 00:43:28,731 --> 00:43:35,111 (narrator) ln November 1938 a Jew shot a German diplomat in Paris. 500 00:43:35,195 --> 00:43:37,905 The Nazi leaders organised a reprisal. 501 00:43:37,990 --> 00:43:43,244 Synagogues were burned and Jewish shops looted all over Germany. 502 00:43:44,455 --> 00:43:47,081 On that "Crystal Night", 503 00:43:47,166 --> 00:43:50,460 named for the smashed glass sparkling in the gutters, 504 00:43:50,544 --> 00:43:54,839 thousands of Jews were thrown into concentration camps. 505 00:43:57,635 --> 00:43:59,719 (speaks German) 506 00:44:03,349 --> 00:44:06,142 (translator) Do you want to know how the night was? 507 00:44:06,226 --> 00:44:08,936 lf you want to know, l will tell you. 508 00:44:09,021 --> 00:44:13,816 We were all shoved together, beaten and punched 509 00:44:13,901 --> 00:44:18,154 and made to stand in ranks and be counted and so on. 510 00:44:19,490 --> 00:44:23,743 Because l'd been a soldier l didn't find that so very difficult, 511 00:44:23,827 --> 00:44:27,538 but the others who didn't fall in properly, 512 00:44:27,623 --> 00:44:30,124 they were beaten right away. 513 00:44:31,877 --> 00:44:33,795 And the most terrible thing was 514 00:44:33,879 --> 00:44:36,589 when somebody grabbed hold of a big, strong man, 515 00:44:36,674 --> 00:44:39,342 he said, "Don't grab me." 516 00:44:39,426 --> 00:44:43,221 "What? l shouldn't grab you!" And he hit him. 517 00:44:46,934 --> 00:44:53,106 And this man was immediately overpowered by three people - SS people. 518 00:44:53,190 --> 00:44:55,274 A block was brought. 519 00:44:55,359 --> 00:44:59,237 He was tied down to it and the camp commander said, 520 00:44:59,321 --> 00:45:04,659 "The Jew lsrael," or "The Jew ltzik," - l can't remember exactly now - 521 00:45:04,743 --> 00:45:07,203 "is sentenced to 25 lashes." 522 00:45:10,374 --> 00:45:12,583 Then a huge man came, 523 00:45:12,668 --> 00:45:17,255 an SS man with a huge horsewhip, and started to beat him. 524 00:45:19,049 --> 00:45:24,679 The man just groaned a bit at first, but then he shouted, "Stop, stop!" 525 00:45:24,763 --> 00:45:27,598 The commander said, "What do you mean, stop?" 526 00:45:27,683 --> 00:45:31,561 "We'll start all over again, from the beginning." 527 00:45:31,645 --> 00:45:35,106 But affer three more lashes the blood was spurting, 528 00:45:35,190 --> 00:45:38,401 then he stopped and salt was rubbed into the wounds, 529 00:45:38,485 --> 00:45:40,778 or pepper, l can't remember. 530 00:45:40,863 --> 00:45:43,030 The man was dragged away. 531 00:45:43,115 --> 00:45:45,658 We never saw him again. 532 00:45:47,536 --> 00:45:53,958 Of course, in '38, when the synagogues were burning, 533 00:45:54,042 --> 00:45:56,502 everybody knew what was going on. 534 00:45:56,628 --> 00:46:01,507 l remember that my brother-in-law, the husband of my sister Lena, 535 00:46:01,592 --> 00:46:07,305 when he went in the morning affer the day of the Reichskristallnacht - 536 00:46:07,389 --> 00:46:10,224 "Crystal Night", or how you say - 537 00:46:11,393 --> 00:46:14,228 he went by train to his office downtown 538 00:46:14,313 --> 00:46:17,857 and between the stations of Savignyplatz and Zoological Garden 539 00:46:17,983 --> 00:46:23,279 there is the Jewish synagogue,ja, and he saw that it was burning,ja? 540 00:46:23,363 --> 00:46:26,324 And he murmured, "Kulturschande." 541 00:46:26,408 --> 00:46:31,746 That is an insult for culture - "Shame to our culture." 542 00:46:31,830 --> 00:46:36,042 Well, right away a gentleman in front of him turned his Revers 543 00:46:36,126 --> 00:46:41,714 and showed his Partelabzeichen - party badge,ja? 544 00:46:41,799 --> 00:46:46,886 And took out his papers that he was a man of the Gestapo, 545 00:46:46,970 --> 00:46:52,141 and he had to show his papers, to give his address, 546 00:46:52,226 --> 00:46:56,813 and was ordered to come to the party office next morning, nine o'clock. 547 00:47:07,491 --> 00:47:09,575 (narrator) April, 1939. 548 00:47:09,660 --> 00:47:13,579 The Wehrmacht prepares to celebrate Hitler's 50th birthday. 549 00:47:14,706 --> 00:47:19,335 They hope for the usual "Führer weather" - a fine day. 550 00:47:31,306 --> 00:47:34,934 The Führer drives through Berlin, under the Brandenburg Gate 551 00:47:35,018 --> 00:47:39,730 and down the Siegesallee - the AVenue of Victories. 552 00:47:56,290 --> 00:48:02,211 The army lining his route has increased sevenfold in just four years. 553 00:48:13,432 --> 00:48:16,309 Among the Wehrmacht's 51 divisions, 554 00:48:16,393 --> 00:48:20,938 the new panzer units - the instrument of blitzkrieg. 555 00:48:35,537 --> 00:48:38,915 ln spite of appearances, the high command is by no means sure 556 00:48:38,999 --> 00:48:42,126 that this army is fit for war... yet. 557 00:48:43,587 --> 00:48:46,047 Hitler is ready to overrule them. 558 00:49:06,485 --> 00:49:10,988 The word in every diplomatic conversation that summer was Danzig. 559 00:49:11,114 --> 00:49:14,450 The free city, with its mixed German-Polish people, 560 00:49:14,534 --> 00:49:16,369 had been separated from Germany 561 00:49:16,453 --> 00:49:20,498 and made the responsibility of a League of Nations commissioner. 562 00:49:22,292 --> 00:49:26,587 Danzig and East Prussia were now sundered from the Reich 563 00:49:26,672 --> 00:49:30,800 by a strip of Polish territory - the Corridor. 564 00:49:30,884 --> 00:49:33,302 Hitler was demanding the return of Danzig 565 00:49:33,387 --> 00:49:37,264 and free access to East Prussia across the Corridor. 566 00:49:37,349 --> 00:49:39,225 Poland refused. 567 00:49:39,309 --> 00:49:44,689 ln March, 1939, Britain and France guaranteed her frontiers. 568 00:49:44,773 --> 00:49:50,069 ln August, Britain promised to fight if Poland was attacked. 569 00:49:51,530 --> 00:49:55,950 Once again, myths about the persecution of a German minority were used 570 00:49:56,034 --> 00:49:59,036 to build up a case for armed interVention. 571 00:49:59,121 --> 00:50:03,290 German refugees told piteous tales of Polish brutality. 572 00:50:03,375 --> 00:50:05,459 (speaks German) 573 00:50:10,298 --> 00:50:13,884 Nazi propaganda filmed them greedily for the cinema newsreels 574 00:50:13,969 --> 00:50:17,263 throughout July and August. 575 00:50:18,015 --> 00:50:22,059 Hitler's plan was to wipe Poland off the map. 576 00:50:22,144 --> 00:50:24,729 But this might mean war with Soviet Russia, 577 00:50:24,813 --> 00:50:26,522 and he was not ready for that. 578 00:50:27,566 --> 00:50:31,152 His foreign minister, Ribbentrop, flew to Moscow on August 23 579 00:50:31,236 --> 00:50:34,697 to sign the Nazi-Soviet Pact. 580 00:50:34,781 --> 00:50:37,241 Poland's fate was sealed. 581 00:50:42,122 --> 00:50:45,458 The new alliance stunned the unsuspecting West. 582 00:50:45,542 --> 00:50:47,626 (♪ newsreel intro) 583 00:50:50,464 --> 00:50:52,548 Germany gloated. 584 00:50:55,218 --> 00:50:57,344 (reporter speaking German) 585 00:51:02,476 --> 00:51:05,644 You will have read the report about the agreement reached 586 00:51:05,729 --> 00:51:10,524 between Russia and Germany, which has surprised the world. 587 00:51:10,609 --> 00:51:14,403 As the life of all nations depends, in the last resort, 588 00:51:14,488 --> 00:51:17,698 upon mutual respect for one another's rights 589 00:51:17,783 --> 00:51:22,745 and reasonable confidence that they can each live their life in their own way, 590 00:51:23,538 --> 00:51:25,164 l would earnestly hope... 591 00:51:32,547 --> 00:51:37,510 ..which cannot be retraced, reason may yet prevail. 592 00:51:37,636 --> 00:51:39,512 (narrator) The German newsreels 593 00:51:39,596 --> 00:51:42,973 tried to show Britain distracted, still uncertain. 594 00:51:43,058 --> 00:51:45,726 (reporter speaking German) 595 00:51:53,318 --> 00:51:55,778 (reporter continues in German) 596 00:52:01,326 --> 00:52:05,746 (narrator) One young German leff England for home. 597 00:52:06,540 --> 00:52:09,500 (man) l had a girlfriend whom l wanted to marry 598 00:52:09,584 --> 00:52:15,548 and l said, "Well, l'll dare go home." 599 00:52:15,632 --> 00:52:21,804 When l came to Cologne l read the first German newspapers, 600 00:52:23,348 --> 00:52:31,188 and l knew at once that there was great danger of a war now. 601 00:52:31,273 --> 00:52:37,403 The tone of the German press was absolutely hysterical. 602 00:52:38,155 --> 00:52:42,950 And l thought what a fool l was. 603 00:52:43,034 --> 00:52:47,329 l had just gone home in that moment! 604 00:52:48,665 --> 00:52:53,460 (narrator) All over Europe the reserVists got their telegrams. 605 00:52:53,545 --> 00:52:59,967 ln the last hours of peace, the soldiers put on uniform with a tired grin. 496 00:53:50,939 --> 00:53:53,901 © anoXmous @ http://thepiratebay.sx/user/Zen_Bud 497 00:53:53,902 --> 00:53:57,902 © anoXmous @ http://thepiratebay.sx/user/Zen_Bud 498 00:53:57,903 --> 00:54:01,903 © anoXmous @ http://thepiratebay.sx/user/Zen_Bud 52343

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