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{\an7}[MISSILE ROARS]
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{\an7}\h\h\hNarrator: FOR CENTURIES,
AN EXTRAORDINARY WAR HAS RAGED
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{\an7}ACROSS THE WORLD’S OCEANS,
ABOVE AND BELOW THE WAVES.
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00:00:11,712 --> 00:00:14,281
{\an7}\hMan: YOU COULD KILL HUNDREDS
OF PEOPLE WITH ONE BROADSIDE.
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{\an7}THESE WERE EXTREMELY POWERFUL
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWAR MACHINES.
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00:00:18,051 --> 00:00:21,288
{\an7}Narrator: SHIPBUILDERS DESIGNED
BIGGER AND FASTER VESSELS
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00:00:21,321 --> 00:00:23,824
{\an7}TO OUTWIT AND CRUSH
\h\hTHEIR OPPONENTS.
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{\an7}Man: THAT NATION THAT HAS THE
MOST POWERFUL BATTLESHIP FLEET
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00:00:26,860 --> 00:00:28,862
{\an7}CAN DESTROY THE ENEMY’S
\h\h\h\hBATTLESHIP FLEET
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00:00:28,896 --> 00:00:30,531
{\an7}AND THEREFORE CONTROL THE SEAS,
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{\an7}AND IF YOU CONTROL THE SEAS,
\h\h\hYOU CONTROL THE WORLD.
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00:00:33,734 --> 00:00:36,270
{\an7}Narrator: THEY CARRIED
\hTERRIFYING WEAPONS.
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{\an7}Man: THIS WAS GONNA BE
\h\h\h\hTHE FIRST TIME
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{\an7}THAT SOMEBODY HAD FIRED
\h\h\hA TORPEDO IN ANGER
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{\an7}SINCE WORLD WAR II.
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{\an7}THEY NEEDED TO GET IT RIGHT.
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00:00:44,611 --> 00:00:46,913
{\an7}Narrator: BUT SHIPS
HAVE ALSO LIBERATED
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{\an7}AND RESCUED THOUSANDS.
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{\an7}Man: YOU COULD THINK
\h\h\h\hOF GERDA III
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00:00:51,051 --> 00:00:53,887
{\an7}AS BASICALLY A LIFEBOAT FOR
PERSONS HUNTED BY THE NAZIS.
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{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
AND INSPIRED MEN AND WOMEN
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{\an7}TO ACTS OF INCREDIBLE BRAVERY.
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{\an7}Man: I WILL TAKE YOU THERE NOW,
TO YOUR CANNONS,
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{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO YOUR DEATH,
WE WILL SINK BEFORE SURRENDER.
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{\an7}Narrator: THESE VESSELS
\h\h\h\hAND THEIR CREWS
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{\an7}HAVE SHAPED WORLD HISTORY.
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{\an7}\hMan: AS THE COMMANDING OFFICER
OF A MISSILE-CARRYING SUBMARINE,
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{\an7}I WAS DIRECTLY RESPONSIBLE
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{\an7}FOR HELPING TO PREVENT
\h\h\h\hWORLD WAR III.
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{\an7}\h\hNarrator: THIS TIME,
FIGHTING ACROSS OCEANS,
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{\an7}AS THE WORLD GOES TO WAR.
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{\an7}Man: THERE WAS A LOUD HISS
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{\an7}AS THE GUN TURRETS HIT
\h\h\hCOLD NORTH SEA,
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{\an7}BECAUSE THE GUN TURRETS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWERE HOT.
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{\an7}VERY FEW PEOPLE ESCAPED.
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{\an7}Narrator: NOT ONE,
BUT TWO WORLD WARS
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{\an7}SEE TECHNOLOGY RACE AHEAD
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{\an7}AND FORMER GREAT WARSHIPS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hLEFT BEHIND.
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{\an7}Man: IT WAS A BIG VICTORY
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hFOR GERMANY,
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{\an7}\hSINKING A BATTLESHIP,
AND TO DO IT UNDETECTED
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{\an7}WAS SOMETHING OF PURE MAGIC
\h\h\h\h\h\hFOR THE GERMANS.
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{\an7}Narrator: BUT THIS IS ALSO
\h\hA TALE OF HEROIC ACTS
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{\an7}AND DARING MISSIONS THAT FEW
\h\h\hTHOUGHT WOULD SUCCEED.
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{\an7}Man: AND THEY WERE MET
\h\h\h\h\hWITH A SCENE
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{\an7}\h\hTHAT WAS LIKENED
TO DANTE’S INFERNO.
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{\an7}EVERYTHING WAS ON FIRE,
\h\hEVEN THE SEA ITSELF.
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{\an7}♪
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{\an7}♪
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{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
AS BRITAIN’S ROYAL NAVY
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{\an7}ENTERED THE FIRST WORLD WAR,
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{\an7}IT BOASTED OF A CENTURY
\h\h\h\hWITHOUT DEFEAT.
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00:02:29,082 --> 00:02:32,586
{\an7}\h\hBRITAIN’S POSITION AS THE
WORLD’S PREEMINENT NAVAL POWER
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{\an7}WAS SECURE.
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{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hBUT ON MAY 31, 1916,
IN THE NORTH SEA NEAR DENMARK,
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{\an7}A PIVOTAL NAVAL CONFRONTATION
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTOOK PLACE--
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{\an7}THE BATTLE OF JUTLAND.
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{\an7}Andrew Lambert: 250 WARSHIPS,
\h\h\h\h\hBRITISH AND GERMAN,
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00:02:47,868 --> 00:02:49,636
{\an7}DECIDING WHO RULES THE OCEAN
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{\an7}AND WHO’S GOING TO WIN
\hTHE FIRST WORLD WAR.
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00:02:53,340 --> 00:02:54,608
{\an7}Narrator: THE GERMAN WARSHIPS
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{\an7}KEPT THE ROYAL NAVY
\hUNDER HEAVY FIRE.
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{\an7}THE HMS INDEFATIGABLE
SUFFERED A DIRECT HIT.
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00:03:01,481 --> 00:03:06,920
{\an7}\hTHE SUBSEQUENT EXPLOSION SENT
WRECKAGE 200 FEET INTO THE AIR.
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00:03:06,953 --> 00:03:09,389
{\an7}Nick Jellicoe: HER CREW PROBABLY
HAD BEEN COMPLETELY WIPED OUT;
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{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hBECAUSE WHEN THERE’S
A MASSIVE MAGAZINE EXPLOSION,
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{\an7}NO ARMORED DOORS AND BULKHEADS
\h\h\h\h\hWILL HOLD THAT BACK.
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{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
THEN, JUST MINUTES LATER,
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{\an7}HMS QUEEN MARY--
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{\an7}THE LAST BATTLE CRUISER
\hBUILT BEFORE THE WAR--
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{\an7}SUFFERED A SIMILAR FATE.
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00:03:26,440 --> 00:03:29,009
{\an7}\hAndrew Gordon: THERE WAS JUST
A HUGE, COUPLE OF HUNDRED FEET,
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{\an7}\h\h\h\hOF DENSE BLACK SMOKE,
ALL KINDS OF BITS AND PIECES,
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{\an7}BODIES, PAPERWORK.
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{\an7}THERE WAS A LOUD HISS
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{\an7}AS THE GUN TURRETS HIT
\h\h\h\hCOLD NORTH SEA
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00:03:39,052 --> 00:03:41,187
{\an7}BECAUSE THE GUN TURRETS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWERE HOT.
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00:03:41,221 --> 00:03:44,825
{\an7}VERY FEW PEOPLE ESCAPED.
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{\an7}Narrator: FROM HIS OWN SHIP,
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{\an7}ADMIRAL SIR DAVID BEATTY
\h\h\hCOULD ONLY WATCH.
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00:03:49,996 --> 00:03:51,464
{\an7}"THERE SEEMS TO BE
\hSOMETHING WRONG
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{\an7}WITH OUR BLOODY SHIPS TODAY,"
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hHE MUTTERED.
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{\an7}IF THE GERMANS WIN THIS BATTLE,
THE WAR COULD BE LOST.
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00:04:02,676 --> 00:04:05,145
{\an7}\h\hSUCH A SCENARIO
HAD BEEN UNTHINKABLE
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00:04:05,178 --> 00:04:07,747
{\an7}ONLY A FEW YEARS EARLIER.
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00:04:07,781 --> 00:04:09,249
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hEric Grove:
BEFORE THE FIRST WORLD WAR
86
00:04:09,282 --> 00:04:11,184
{\an7}THERE WAS A NAVAL BUILDING RACE
87
00:04:11,218 --> 00:04:13,954
{\an7}BETWEEN THE BRITISH EMPIRE
\h\hAND THE GERMAN EMPIRE.
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00:04:13,987 --> 00:04:15,755
{\an7}AND THE BRITISH HAD WON IT.
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00:04:15,789 --> 00:04:18,392
{\an7}THEY PRODUCED MORE BATTLESHIPS
\h\h\h\h\hAND BATTLE CRUISERS,
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00:04:18,425 --> 00:04:21,895
{\an7}THE SHIPS THAT MATTERED,
\hTHAN THE GERMANS DID.
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00:04:21,928 --> 00:04:23,296
{\an7}Narrator: IN 1906,
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00:04:23,330 --> 00:04:26,800
{\an7}THE ROYAL NAVY’S REVOLUTIONARY
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hHMS DREADNOUGHT
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00:04:26,833 --> 00:04:29,035
{\an7}KICK-STARTED THE COMPETITION.
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00:04:29,069 --> 00:04:30,470
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hNick Hewitt:
SHE HAS ALL BIG GUNS,
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00:04:30,504 --> 00:04:32,239
{\an7}SO STANDARDIZED ARMAMENT,
96
00:04:32,272 --> 00:04:34,274
{\an7}SHE’S DRIVEN BY TURBINE ENGINES,
97
00:04:34,307 --> 00:04:36,276
{\an7}\h\hWHICH GIVES HER
A PHENOMENAL SPEED,
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00:04:36,309 --> 00:04:37,844
{\an7}AND SHE IS A GAME-CHANGER;
99
00:04:37,878 --> 00:04:40,381
{\an7}\h\hSHE RAISES THE BAR
ON BATTLESHIP DESIGN;
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00:04:40,514 --> 00:04:42,216
{\an7}AND ALL THE SHIPS
\hTHAT FOLLOW HER
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00:04:42,249 --> 00:04:44,418
{\an7}BECOME KNOWN AS DREADNOUGHTS.
102
00:04:44,451 --> 00:04:47,621
{\an7}\h\h\hNarrator: BY 1914
AND THE OUTBREAK OF WAR,
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00:04:47,654 --> 00:04:52,259
{\an7}BRITAIN HAD 29 DREADNOUGHTS
\h\h\h\h\h\hTO GERMANY’S 17.
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00:04:52,292 --> 00:04:54,461
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAND WITH CONTROL
OF THE ENGLISH CHANNEL,
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00:04:54,494 --> 00:04:56,696
{\an7}AND A MAJOR NAVAL BASE
\h\h\h\hAT SCAPA FLOW
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00:04:56,730 --> 00:04:58,398
{\an7}IN THE ORKNEY ISLANDS,
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00:04:58,431 --> 00:05:01,234
{\an7}THE ROYAL NAVY COULD CONTAIN
\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE GERMAN NAVY
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00:05:01,268 --> 00:05:04,104
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND PREVENT IT
FROM REACHING THE ATLANTIC.
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00:05:06,306 --> 00:05:08,074
{\an7}SINCE THE START OF THE WAR,
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00:05:08,108 --> 00:05:10,477
{\an7}THE BRITISH GRAND FLEET
\h\h\h\h\hIN SCAPA FLOW
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00:05:10,510 --> 00:05:12,545
{\an7}HAD HELPED CONTAIN THE GERMANS.
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00:05:12,579 --> 00:05:15,949
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIT WAS COMMANDED
BY ADMIRAL SIR JOHN JELLICOE.
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00:05:15,982 --> 00:05:19,152
{\an7}\h\h\hJellicoe: JOHN JELLICOE
WAS A CONSUMMATE PROFESSIONAL,
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00:05:19,186 --> 00:05:21,188
{\an7}A VERY KIND MAN.
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00:05:21,221 --> 00:05:22,789
{\an7}LOVED BY HIS MEN,
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00:05:22,823 --> 00:05:27,361
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hBUT A VERY QUIET,
SORT OF CEREBRAL COMMANDER.
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00:05:28,962 --> 00:05:31,231
{\an7}\h\h\hNarrator: JELLICOE’S
MASSIVE DREADNOUGHT FLEET
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00:05:31,264 --> 00:05:33,933
{\an7}HAD PRESERVED BRITAIN’S
\h\h\hMARITIME SUPREMACY
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00:05:33,967 --> 00:05:36,603
{\an7}THROUGH THE START OF THE WAR.
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00:05:36,636 --> 00:05:38,371
{\an7}TO THE SOUTH, AT ROSYTH,
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00:05:38,405 --> 00:05:42,075
{\an7}WAS A SMALLER BUT FASTER FLEET
\h\h\hLED BY BATTLE CRUISERS,
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00:05:42,108 --> 00:05:45,645
{\an7}UNDER THE COMMAND
OF ADMIRAL BEATTY.
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00:05:45,679 --> 00:05:49,716
{\an7}\hJellicoe: BEATTY WAS IMMENSELY
CHARISMATIC, VERY GOOD-LOOKING,
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00:05:49,749 --> 00:05:53,353
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hCOURAGEOUS,
A GREAT TACTICAL COMMANDER.
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00:05:53,386 --> 00:05:56,956
{\an7}NELSON WAS HIS ABSOLUTE HERO.
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00:05:56,990 --> 00:05:59,192
{\an7}Narrator: BY JANUARY 1916,
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00:05:59,226 --> 00:06:03,063
{\an7}THESE TWO VERY DIFFERENT MEN
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hHAD A NEW FOE.
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00:06:03,096 --> 00:06:06,366
{\an7}\hACROSS THE NORTH SEA,
ADMIRAL REINHARD SCHEER
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00:06:06,399 --> 00:06:10,236
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hWAS PUT IN CHARGE
OF THE GERMAN HIGH SEAS FLEET.
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00:06:10,270 --> 00:06:11,805
{\an7}SCHEER WAS DYNAMIC
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00:06:11,838 --> 00:06:16,209
{\an7}\h\hAND HAD A PLAN TO TACKLE
THE ALL-POWERFUL ROYAL NAVY.
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{\an7}LIKE THE BRITISH AT ROSYTH,
133
00:06:17,944 --> 00:06:22,382
{\an7}THE GERMANS HAD A SMALL BUT FAST
BATTLE CRUISER SQUADRON.
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00:06:22,415 --> 00:06:24,784
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hSCHEER’S PLAN
WAS TO USE THIS SQUADRON
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00:06:24,818 --> 00:06:28,722
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTO LURE SMALL SECTIONS
OF THE ROYAL NAVY INTO COMBAT.
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00:06:28,755 --> 00:06:31,725
{\an7}HIS BATTLE CRUISERS, THOUGH,
\hWOULD QUIETLY BE FOLLOWED
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00:06:31,758 --> 00:06:34,961
{\an7}\h\h\hBY THE FULL MIGHT
OF THE HIGH SEAS FLEET.
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00:06:34,995 --> 00:06:38,799
{\an7}Grove: THEY WOULD TRY TO TRAP
\h\hPART OF THE BRITISH FLEET,
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00:06:38,832 --> 00:06:40,367
{\an7}PERHAPS THE BATTLE CRUISERS
140
00:06:40,400 --> 00:06:43,270
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOPERATING AHEAD
OF THE MAIN FLEET, SINK THAT.
141
00:06:43,303 --> 00:06:44,838
{\an7}\h\hDRAW IT ONTO THE GUNS
OF THE MAIN GERMAN FLEET,
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00:06:44,871 --> 00:06:46,206
{\an7}SINK THAT.
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00:06:46,239 --> 00:06:49,609
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND THIS WOULD
EVEN THINGS UP IN STRENGTH.
144
00:06:49,643 --> 00:06:54,515
{\an7}\hNarrator: ON MAY 31, 1916,
THE GERMANS MADE THEIR MOVE.
145
00:06:54,547 --> 00:06:58,117
{\an7}THE BATTLE CRUISER FLEET UNDER
REAR ADMIRAL FRANZ VON HIPPER
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00:06:58,151 --> 00:07:03,556
{\an7}SAILED NORTH, WITH SCHEER’S
MAIN FLEET 60 MILES BEHIND.
147
00:07:03,590 --> 00:07:06,026
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN BRITAIN,
THE ADMIRALTY INTERCEPTED
148
00:07:06,059 --> 00:07:08,828
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hSOME GERMAN
WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS.
149
00:07:08,862 --> 00:07:13,367
{\an7}BUT THEY ONLY FOUND OUT ABOUT
HIPPER’S DEPARTURE FROM PORT.
150
00:07:13,400 --> 00:07:15,636
{\an7}THEIR RESPONSE WAS RAPID.
151
00:07:15,669 --> 00:07:18,839
{\an7}JELLICOE SET SAIL
\hFROM SCAPA FLOW;
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00:07:18,872 --> 00:07:21,108
{\an7}BEATTY FROM ROSYTH.
153
00:07:21,141 --> 00:07:23,744
{\an7}ON THE AFTERNOON OF MAY 31st,
154
00:07:23,777 --> 00:07:24,711
{\an7}IT WAS THE TWO
155
00:07:24,744 --> 00:07:26,012
{\an7}BATTLE CRUISER FLEETS
156
00:07:26,046 --> 00:07:28,215
{\an7}THAT SPOTTED EACH OTHER FIRST.
157
00:07:28,315 --> 00:07:29,283
{\an7}Gordon: WHEN THE GERMAN
158
00:07:29,316 --> 00:07:30,851
{\an7}BATTLE CRUISERS REALIZED
159
00:07:30,951 --> 00:07:34,588
{\an7}THE BRITISH BATTLE CRUISERS WERE
PRESENT TO THE WEST OF THEM--
160
00:07:34,621 --> 00:07:35,822
{\an7}BIT OF A SHOCK--
161
00:07:35,855 --> 00:07:39,926
{\an7}\h\h\hTHEY TURNED ROUND, AND
THEY HEADED BACK SOUTHWARDS.
162
00:07:39,960 --> 00:07:42,863
{\an7}\h\h\hREAR ADMIRAL HIPPER
WAS SEEKING THE PROTECTION
163
00:07:42,963 --> 00:07:45,032
{\an7}OF VICE ADMIRAL SCHEER,
164
00:07:45,065 --> 00:07:48,569
{\an7}AND THE BRITISH NATURALLY TURNED
SOUTH TO FOLLOW THEM.
165
00:07:49,469 --> 00:07:50,737
{\an7}Narrator: BEATTY WAS ACTING
166
00:07:50,770 --> 00:07:53,139
{\an7}IN CHARACTERISTICALLY
\h\hDECISIVE FASHION,
167
00:07:53,173 --> 00:07:57,811
{\an7}UNAWARE HE WAS BEING LURED
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hINTO A TRAP.
168
00:07:57,844 --> 00:08:01,314
{\an7}FROM THE BEGINNING, THE GERMAN
\h\hGUNS PROVED MORE ACCURATE,
169
00:08:01,348 --> 00:08:04,918
{\an7}\h\h\hAND WITHIN 40 MINUTES,
BEATTY HAD LOST TWO SHIPS...
170
00:08:05,018 --> 00:08:07,320
{\an7}AND 2,000 MEN.
171
00:08:07,454 --> 00:08:11,925
{\an7}♪
172
00:08:12,025 --> 00:08:14,261
{\an7}\h\h\hBUT THE ACCURACY
OF THE GERMAN GUNNERS
173
00:08:14,294 --> 00:08:17,330
{\an7}IS NOT THE SOLE REASON
THE BATTLE OF JUTLAND
174
00:08:17,364 --> 00:08:21,001
{\an7}WAS SUCH A DISASTER
FOR THE ROYAL NAVY.
175
00:08:21,034 --> 00:08:26,106
{\an7}\h\hTHIS IS M33, A GUNBOAT
FROM THE FIRST WORLD WAR.
176
00:08:26,139 --> 00:08:28,375
{\an7}ITS SHELL ROOM IS TYPICAL
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF THE ERA--
177
00:08:28,475 --> 00:08:31,011
{\an7}A STORE FOR EXPLOSIVE SHELLS
178
00:08:31,044 --> 00:08:34,014
{\an7}AND THE CORDITE CHARGES
\h\h\hTHAT PROPEL THEM.
179
00:08:34,047 --> 00:08:36,550
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hHewitt:
THESE THINGS ARE VOLATILE.
180
00:08:36,583 --> 00:08:38,151
{\an7}THEY’RE EXTREMELY EXPLOSIVE,
181
00:08:38,184 --> 00:08:40,119
{\an7}AND THEY ARE STORED,
\hIN A DREADNOUGHT,
182
00:08:40,220 --> 00:08:42,322
{\an7}RIGHT DOWN IN THE BOWELS
\h\h\h\h\h\hOF THE SHIP,
183
00:08:42,355 --> 00:08:46,226
{\an7}PROTECTED BY THE THICKEST ARMOR,
SO IT SHOULD BE SAFE.
184
00:08:46,259 --> 00:08:48,795
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hWHAT YOU FIND
AT THE BATTLE OF JUTLAND
185
00:08:48,828 --> 00:08:51,431
{\an7}IS THAT, IN ORDER TO SPEED UP
\h\h\h\h\h\hTHEIR RATE OF FIRE
186
00:08:51,598 --> 00:08:54,000
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND COMPENSATE
FOR THEIR POOR GUNNERY,
187
00:08:54,034 --> 00:08:56,870
{\an7}THE BRITISH BATTLE CRUISER FLEET
HAVE STARTED COMPROMISING
188
00:08:56,903 --> 00:08:59,606
{\an7}WITH WHAT TODAY WE’D CALL
\h\h\h\hHEALTH AND SAFETY.
189
00:08:59,639 --> 00:09:01,841
{\an7}THEY’VE STARTED TO TAKE
\hTHESE CORDITE CHARGES
190
00:09:01,875 --> 00:09:04,745
{\an7}OUT OF THE FIRE-PROOF
\hCARDBOARD CYLINDERS.
191
00:09:04,844 --> 00:09:06,913
{\an7}SO THERE’S A LOT OF THIS STUFF
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hLYING AROUND.
192
00:09:06,946 --> 00:09:10,283
{\an7}AND THERE IS A HIT ON A TURRET,
THERE IS AN EXPLOSION,
193
00:09:10,316 --> 00:09:11,684
{\an7}AND THE FLASH FROM THE FIRE
194
00:09:11,785 --> 00:09:14,955
{\an7}\h\h\hRACES DOWN INSIDE
TO THE CORDITE MAGAZINE
195
00:09:14,988 --> 00:09:18,692
{\an7}\h\hAND IGNITES THIS CORDITE
IN A CATASTROPHIC EXPLOSION,
196
00:09:18,725 --> 00:09:21,528
{\an7}AND THE SHIP IS DESTROYED
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN SECONDS.
197
00:09:21,561 --> 00:09:23,430
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
WORSE WAS TO COME, HOWEVER.
198
00:09:23,563 --> 00:09:26,132
{\an7}\hAS ADMIRAL BEATTY
CHASED HIPPER SOUTH,
199
00:09:26,166 --> 00:09:28,368
{\an7}HIS LOOKOUTS HAD A SHOCK.
200
00:09:28,435 --> 00:09:29,836
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hGordon:
THE LEADING GERMAN FLEET,
201
00:09:29,869 --> 00:09:33,239
{\an7}SCHEER’S FLEET, WAS SEEN COMING
OVER THE HORIZON
202
00:09:33,273 --> 00:09:37,277
{\an7}\hUNDER A HUGE PALL
OF BLACK COAL SMOKE.
203
00:09:37,310 --> 00:09:38,611
{\an7}Narrator: BEATTY HAD NO IDEA
204
00:09:38,778 --> 00:09:41,748
{\an7}THE MAIN GERMAN FLEET
\h\h\h\h\hWAS AT SEA.
205
00:09:41,781 --> 00:09:43,016
{\an7}IT WAS NOW HIS TURN
206
00:09:43,049 --> 00:09:44,384
{\an7}TO DO A FULL 180
207
00:09:44,417 --> 00:09:45,952
{\an7}AND HEAD BACK TO THE SUPPORT
208
00:09:46,052 --> 00:09:49,856
{\an7}OF ADMIRAL JELLICOE.
209
00:09:49,889 --> 00:09:53,893
{\an7}ONLY ONE VESSEL SURVIVES TODAY
\hFROM THE BATTLE OF JUTLAND,
210
00:09:53,927 --> 00:09:57,431
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hA LIGHT CRUISER
FROM JELLICOE’S GRAND FLEET.
211
00:09:57,464 --> 00:10:00,801
{\an7}HER NAME IS HMS CAROLINE.
212
00:10:00,834 --> 00:10:06,073
{\an7}♪
213
00:10:09,008 --> 00:10:10,276
{\an7}THANKS TO HER SPEED,
214
00:10:10,310 --> 00:10:12,546
{\an7}CAROLINE CARRIED OUT
\h\hA SPECIFIC ROLE
215
00:10:12,579 --> 00:10:15,082
{\an7}DURING OPERATIONS
\hSUCH AS JUTLAND.
216
00:10:15,115 --> 00:10:16,817
{\an7}\hVictoria Miller:
THIS IS CAROLINE’S
217
00:10:16,850 --> 00:10:18,352
{\an7}NUMBER ONE ENGINE ROOM.
218
00:10:18,451 --> 00:10:20,019
{\an7}AND SHE HAD TWO OF THESE
219
00:10:20,053 --> 00:10:21,187
{\an7}ON BOARD THE SHIP.
220
00:10:21,287 --> 00:10:22,688
{\an7}CAROLINE IS STILL FITTED
221
00:10:22,789 --> 00:10:27,060
{\an7}WITH HER 1914 STATE-OF-THE-ART
\h\h\h\h\h\hPARSONS TURBINES.
222
00:10:27,093 --> 00:10:28,828
{\an7}THESE TURBINES ENABLED CAROLINE
223
00:10:28,862 --> 00:10:31,298
{\an7}TO ACHIEVE A SPEED
OF UP TO 30 KNOTS,
224
00:10:31,331 --> 00:10:34,234
{\an7}\h\h\h\hWHICH WAS ESSENTIAL FOR
COMPLETING ONE OF HER KEY ROLES,
225
00:10:34,267 --> 00:10:36,336
{\an7}\hNAMELY TO CRUISE AHEAD
OF THE MAIN BATTLE FLEET
226
00:10:36,436 --> 00:10:39,272
{\an7}\h\hDURING CASES LIKE
THE BATTLE OF JUTLAND
227
00:10:39,305 --> 00:10:43,276
{\an7}AND TO PROTECT THE FLEET
\h\hFROM TORPEDO ATTACK.
228
00:10:43,309 --> 00:10:44,911
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
BUT BECAUSE OF THEIR SPEED,
229
00:10:44,944 --> 00:10:48,981
{\an7}IT WAS THE CRUISERS THAT SAW THE
BULK OF THE ACTION AT JUTLAND.
230
00:10:49,082 --> 00:10:51,551
{\an7}AS THE MAIN FLEETS
\hEXCHANGED FIRE,
231
00:10:51,584 --> 00:10:55,254
{\an7}THE BRITISH LOST THE CRUISERS
\h\h\h\h\h\hHMS INVINCIBLE...
232
00:10:55,355 --> 00:10:59,693
{\an7}AND HMS DEFENSE.
233
00:10:59,726 --> 00:11:03,430
{\an7}AS EVENING APPROACHED, JELLICOE
AND HIS MAIN BATTLESHIPS
234
00:11:03,463 --> 00:11:06,399
{\an7}WERE FINALLY IN A POSITION
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO ENGAGE.
235
00:11:06,499 --> 00:11:08,735
{\an7}HAVING ASSESSED THE SCENE,
\h\h\h\h\hTHE ADMIRAL GAVE
236
00:11:08,835 --> 00:11:13,073
{\an7}THE MOST IMPORTANT ORDER
\h\hOF HIS NAVAL CAREER.
237
00:11:13,106 --> 00:11:14,741
{\an7}HE INSTRUCTED HIS DREADNOUGHTS
238
00:11:14,841 --> 00:11:17,277
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTO FORM A LONG
CONTINUOUS BATTLE LINE
239
00:11:17,310 --> 00:11:20,446
{\an7}\h\hACROSS THE PATH
OF THE GERMAN SHIPS.
240
00:11:20,480 --> 00:11:22,882
{\an7}Jellicoe: THE EXPRESSION
\h\h\h\h"CROSSING THE T"
241
00:11:22,916 --> 00:11:25,419
{\an7}IS WHEN ONE LINE OF SHIPS,
242
00:11:25,451 --> 00:11:27,219
{\an7}IN THE SUPERIOR POSITION,
243
00:11:27,253 --> 00:11:29,388
{\an7}IS ABLE TO BRING ALL ITS GUNS
244
00:11:29,422 --> 00:11:31,724
{\an7}ON ALL OF ITS SIDES TO BEAR,
245
00:11:31,824 --> 00:11:33,392
{\an7}WHILE AN ENEMY LINE, WHICH
246
00:11:33,426 --> 00:11:35,828
{\an7}IS COMING UP TO CROSS THAT T,
247
00:11:35,862 --> 00:11:37,897
{\an7}CAN ONLY ACTUALLY BRING THE GUNS
248
00:11:37,931 --> 00:11:40,400
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHAT ARE AT THE FRONT
OF THE LINE AND FACING FORWARD.
249
00:11:40,500 --> 00:11:42,202
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hHewitt:
THAT IS THE DECISIVE MOMENT.
250
00:11:42,235 --> 00:11:43,870
{\an7}ADMIRAL SCHEER COMES UP
251
00:11:43,903 --> 00:11:46,839
{\an7}\hAND SEES THE ENTIRE BRITISH
FLEET ARRAYED ON THE HORIZON,
252
00:11:46,940 --> 00:11:48,842
{\an7}AND AT THAT POINT SCHEER KNOWS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHAT THAT,
253
00:11:48,875 --> 00:11:51,111
{\an7}THAT WEIGHT OF SHELL CALCULATION
IS THERE;
254
00:11:51,211 --> 00:11:53,180
{\an7}HE CAN’T WIN THIS BATTLE.
255
00:11:53,213 --> 00:11:56,783
{\an7}Narrator: FACED WITH A SIX-MILE
LINE OF BRITISH BATTLESHIPS,
256
00:11:56,849 --> 00:12:01,954
{\an7}SHEER ORDERED HIS SHIPS TO TURN
180 DEGREES AND HEAD FOR HOME.
257
00:12:01,988 --> 00:12:03,857
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hHewitt: HE BASICALLY
HANDBRAKE-TURNS A BATTLE FLEET,
258
00:12:03,957 --> 00:12:07,794
{\an7}AND THE ENTIRE GERMAN FLEET
\hDISAPPEARS INTO THE MIST.
259
00:12:07,827 --> 00:12:11,230
{\an7}Narrator: BUT EVER SINCE 1916,
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hDEBATE HAS RAGED
260
00:12:11,297 --> 00:12:14,467
{\an7}AS TO WHO ACTUALLY WON
THE BATTLE OF JUTLAND.
261
00:12:14,500 --> 00:12:17,036
{\an7}THE GERMAN FLEET HAD FLED
\h\hBACK TO THE CONTINENT,
262
00:12:17,136 --> 00:12:21,440
{\an7}HAVING LOST 11 SHIPS
\h\h\hAND 2,500 MEN.
263
00:12:21,474 --> 00:12:28,014
{\an7}BUT THE ROYAL NAVY HAD LOST
\h\h14 SHIPS AND 6,000 MEN.
264
00:12:28,047 --> 00:12:30,550
{\an7}\h\h\h\hGrove: IT WAS A GREAT
DISAPPOINTMENT TO THE BRITISH.
265
00:12:30,583 --> 00:12:32,919
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hUH, IN FACT, UH,
WHEN THE SHIPS CAME HOME,
266
00:12:32,952 --> 00:12:36,289
{\an7}SOME OF THEM WERE ACTUALLY BOOED
BY DOCKYARD WORKERS
267
00:12:36,389 --> 00:12:37,690
{\an7}BECAUSE THEY HAD...
268
00:12:37,724 --> 00:12:39,593
{\an7}THE GRAND FLEET HAD NOT PRODUCED
THE VICTORY
269
00:12:39,626 --> 00:12:42,028
{\an7}THAT EVERYBODY THOUGHT
\h\h\hIT WAS GOING TO.
270
00:12:42,061 --> 00:12:43,529
{\an7}THE BATTLE OF JUTLAND
271
00:12:43,563 --> 00:12:46,766
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hACTUALLY GAVE A LOT
OF CONFIDENCE TO THE GERMANS.
272
00:12:46,799 --> 00:12:48,467
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
IN THE DAYS THAT FOLLOWED,
273
00:12:48,501 --> 00:12:51,337
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHE ROYAL NAVY
PUT ON A BRAVE FRONT.
274
00:12:51,371 --> 00:12:55,075
{\an7}KING GEORGE V HONORED
\h\hBRITAIN’S HEROES.
275
00:12:55,141 --> 00:12:59,345
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hBUT THE GERMANS
ALSO CELEBRATED A VICTORY.
276
00:12:59,379 --> 00:13:03,049
{\an7}DESPITE THE INCONCLUSIVE RESULT,
JELLICOE’S BATTLESHIPS
277
00:13:03,082 --> 00:13:05,518
{\an7}HAD DONE ENOUGH TO RETAIN
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHEIR STATUS
278
00:13:05,551 --> 00:13:09,321
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAS THE ULTIMATE
NAVAL FIGHTING MACHINE.
279
00:13:09,355 --> 00:13:11,290
{\an7}THREE YEARS LATER, THAT STATUS
280
00:13:11,324 --> 00:13:13,593
{\an7}WOULD BE DEMONSTRATED
\h\h\h\hONE LAST TIME
281
00:13:13,626 --> 00:13:17,597
{\an7}IN THE FINAL DRAMATIC ACT
\hOF THE FIRST WORLD WAR.
282
00:13:19,432 --> 00:13:23,670
{\an7}\h\hON NOVEMBER 21, 1918,
THE EAST COAST OF SCOTLAND
283
00:13:23,770 --> 00:13:26,840
{\an7}WAS THE SETTING FOR THE BIGGEST
COLLECTION OF NAVAL POWER
284
00:13:26,939 --> 00:13:30,543
{\an7}THE WORLD HAD EVER SEEN.
285
00:13:30,643 --> 00:13:34,480
{\an7}THE GERMAN AND ALLIED FLEETS
\h\h\h\h\hFACED EACH OTHER.
286
00:13:34,514 --> 00:13:36,116
{\an7}BUT THIS WASN’T A BATTLE.
287
00:13:36,215 --> 00:13:38,117
{\an7}IT WAS A SURRENDER.
288
00:13:39,986 --> 00:13:41,721
{\an7}THIS STRANGE ENCOUNTER OCCURRED
289
00:13:41,754 --> 00:13:45,491
{\an7}TEN DAYS AFTER THE ARMISTICE
\h\h\hCEASEFIRE WAS SIGNED.
290
00:13:45,525 --> 00:13:49,229
{\an7}250 ALLIED SHIPS WERE TASKED
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWITH ESCORTING
291
00:13:49,262 --> 00:13:54,534
{\an7}THE GERMAN HIGH SEAS FLEET
\h\h\hINTO BRITISH WATERS.
292
00:13:54,567 --> 00:13:58,137
{\an7}\hIT HAD BEEN AGREED THAT WHILE
PEACE TALKS CONTINUED IN PARIS,
293
00:13:58,171 --> 00:13:59,839
{\an7}\hTHE GERMAN FLEET
WOULD BE INTERNED
294
00:13:59,872 --> 00:14:04,410
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAT THE NATURAL HARBOR
OF SCAPA FLOW IN THE ORKNEYS.
295
00:14:04,444 --> 00:14:07,180
{\an7}\h\h\h\hBUT THE ALLIES
WERE TAKING NO CHANCES
296
00:14:07,213 --> 00:14:09,315
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hAND ARRIVED
WITH THEIR GUNS LOADED.
297
00:14:09,349 --> 00:14:10,884
{\an7}\h\h\hKinlay Francis:
THE SHIPS THEMSELVES,
298
00:14:10,917 --> 00:14:12,619
{\an7}\h\hTHERE WAS A POSSIBILITY THEY
COULD BE TAKEN TO NEUTRAL ZONES
299
00:14:12,652 --> 00:14:13,987
{\an7}LIKE NORWAY OR SWEDEN
300
00:14:14,020 --> 00:14:16,656
{\an7}\h\hTO DECIDE WHAT WAS GOING
TO HAPPEN WITH THE DIVISION
301
00:14:16,756 --> 00:14:19,225
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOR DIVIDING UP
OF THE GERMAN HIGH SEAS FLEET
302
00:14:19,258 --> 00:14:20,960
{\an7}FOR DIFFERENT COUNTRIES,
303
00:14:20,993 --> 00:14:23,229
{\an7}BUT USING SCAPA FLOW
\h\hWOULD BE AN AREA
304
00:14:23,262 --> 00:14:24,663
{\an7}THAT COULD BE WELL-PROTECTED
305
00:14:24,764 --> 00:14:28,167
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAGAINST THE POSSIBILITY
OF ESCAPE IN A SHELTERED HARBOR
306
00:14:28,201 --> 00:14:31,471
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND ALSO USED BY
THE BRITISH GRAND FLEET BASE.
307
00:14:31,504 --> 00:14:33,339
{\an7}Narrator: THE 74 GERMAN SHIPS
308
00:14:33,373 --> 00:14:35,976
{\an7}ANCHORED IN THE NORTHWEST CORNER
OF THE FLOW,
309
00:14:36,008 --> 00:14:41,080
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hUNDER THE COMMAND OF
REAR ADMIRAL LUDWIG VON REUTER.
310
00:14:41,180 --> 00:14:45,251
{\an7}HE WROTE IN HIS REPORT,
\h\h\h"WEHRLOS, EHRLOS."
311
00:14:45,284 --> 00:14:48,053
{\an7}"DISARMED, DISHONORED."
312
00:14:48,087 --> 00:14:52,224
{\an7}NORWAY AND SWEDEN REFUSED
TO PROVIDE A NEUTRAL PORT,
313
00:14:52,258 --> 00:14:55,561
{\an7}SO 4,500 GERMAN SAILORS
\h\h\h\hSPENT THE WINTER
314
00:14:55,595 --> 00:14:59,132
{\an7}ON BOARD THEIR SHIPS
\h\h\hIN SCAPA FLOW.
315
00:14:59,232 --> 00:15:01,367
{\an7}FOOD SUPPLIES DID ARRIVE
\h\h\h\h\hFROM GERMANY,
316
00:15:01,401 --> 00:15:04,271
{\an7}SUPPLEMENTED BY FISH
CAUGHT IN THE FLOW.
317
00:15:04,370 --> 00:15:08,241
{\an7}\h\hBUT COMMUNICATION WITH THE
OUTSIDE WORLD WAS INFREQUENT.
318
00:15:08,274 --> 00:15:09,842
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hEmily Turton:
THE COMMANDING OFFICER,
319
00:15:09,876 --> 00:15:11,411
{\an7}ADMIRAL VON REUTER,
320
00:15:11,444 --> 00:15:13,446
{\an7}IS NOT REALLY BEING KEPT ABREAST
WITH THE PEACE NEGOTIATIONS,
321
00:15:13,479 --> 00:15:15,314
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hBUT THE GERMAN FLEET
IS WITHOUT A SHADOW OF A DOUBT
322
00:15:15,348 --> 00:15:18,818
{\an7}BEING USED AS A BARGAINING TOOL
IN THOSE PEACE NEGOTIATIONS.
323
00:15:18,851 --> 00:15:21,554
{\an7}SO ADMIRAL VON REUTER DOESN’T
\hKNOW REALLY WHAT’S GOING ON,
324
00:15:21,621 --> 00:15:24,324
{\an7}\h\h\hBUT HE FULLY EXPECTS THAT
THE GERMAN FLEET WILL BE SEIZED
325
00:15:24,357 --> 00:15:26,459
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND DIVVIED UP
AMONG THE ALLIED FORCES
326
00:15:26,492 --> 00:15:28,995
{\an7}AS THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIS SIGNED.
327
00:15:29,028 --> 00:15:32,131
{\an7}Narrator: THE BRITISH SAW REUTER
AS A REASONABLE MAN.
328
00:15:32,165 --> 00:15:34,334
{\an7}IN REALITY, HE HAD NO INTENTION
329
00:15:34,367 --> 00:15:38,271
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hOF LETTING HIS FLEET
BE HANDED OVER TO THE ALLIES.
330
00:15:38,304 --> 00:15:40,673
{\an7}Turton: HE HAS NO FIREPOWER.
\h\h\h\h\h\hHE CAN’T FIGHT.
331
00:15:40,706 --> 00:15:42,408
{\an7}\h\hTHE SHIPS ARE NOT
THE FIGHTING MACHINES
332
00:15:42,442 --> 00:15:43,777
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHEY HAD BEEN
SEVEN MONTHS EARLIER,
333
00:15:43,876 --> 00:15:46,779
{\an7}HAVING BEEN LEFT TO ROT
OVER A WINTER IN ORKNEY,
334
00:15:46,813 --> 00:15:48,715
{\an7}SO THE LAST REMAINING ACT
\h\h\hOF WAR OPEN TO HIM,
335
00:15:48,815 --> 00:15:52,385
{\an7}\h\h\h\hHIS ONLY OPTION TO STOP
THAT HAPPENING, IS TO SINK THEM.
336
00:15:52,418 --> 00:15:54,887
{\an7}Narrator: FOR FOUR MONTHS,
\h\h\h\h\h\hADMIRAL REUTER
337
00:15:54,921 --> 00:15:59,526
{\an7}\hQUIETLY FORMULATED PLANS
TO SCUTTLE HIS OWN FLEET.
338
00:15:59,559 --> 00:16:01,194
{\an7}BUT GERMAN WARSHIPS
\h\h\hWERE DESIGNED
339
00:16:01,260 --> 00:16:03,696
{\an7}WITH WATERTIGHT COMPARTMENTS.
340
00:16:03,729 --> 00:16:05,731
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHE SEYDLITZ
HAD FOUGHT AT JUTLAND
341
00:16:05,865 --> 00:16:08,668
{\an7}AND BEEN HIT 20 TIMES BY SHELLS.
342
00:16:08,701 --> 00:16:10,836
{\an7}YET IT REMAINED AFLOAT.
343
00:16:10,937 --> 00:16:13,106
{\an7}SO GERMAN CREWS IN SCAPA FLOW
344
00:16:13,139 --> 00:16:16,175
{\an7}BEGAN DRILLING HOLES
\hTHROUGH BULKHEADS.
345
00:16:16,275 --> 00:16:18,644
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHEY WELDED
WATERTIGHT DOORS AJAR
346
00:16:18,678 --> 00:16:22,982
{\an7}AND STARTED LEAVING PORTHOLES
\h\h\h\h\h\hDELIBERATELY OPEN.
347
00:16:23,015 --> 00:16:25,050
{\an7}BY THE END OF MAY, IT WAS CLEAR
348
00:16:25,084 --> 00:16:27,153
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHAT THE TERMS
OF THE VERSAILLES TREATY
349
00:16:27,186 --> 00:16:31,657
{\an7}WOULD MEAN EITHER THE SEIZURE OR
DESTRUCTION OF THE GERMAN FLEET.
350
00:16:31,691 --> 00:16:34,694
{\an7}SO REUTER MADE HIS MOVE.
351
00:16:34,727 --> 00:16:36,762
{\an7}Turton: HE GIVES THE ORDER
\h\h\hON THE 21st OF JUNE
352
00:16:36,796 --> 00:16:38,197
{\an7}BY SENDING A SIGNAL,
353
00:16:38,231 --> 00:16:40,066
{\an7}A PREARRANGED SIGNAL IN FLAGS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hUP HIS MAST.
354
00:16:40,166 --> 00:16:41,567
{\an7}NOW THAT CAN BE SEEN
\hBY THE NEXT SHIP,
355
00:16:41,601 --> 00:16:42,836
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hWHICH CAN BE
SEEN BY THE NEXT SHIP,
356
00:16:42,869 --> 00:16:44,537
{\an7}\h\hAND THEY COPY THAT,
AND SO ON AND SO FORTH,
357
00:16:44,570 --> 00:16:46,305
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND THAT’S HOW
THEY GET THE MESSAGE AROUND,
358
00:16:46,339 --> 00:16:47,774
{\an7}WHICH IS TO OPEN EVERYTHING UP,
359
00:16:47,807 --> 00:16:49,509
{\an7}START THEM SINKING
AND ABANDON SHIP.
360
00:16:49,542 --> 00:16:50,777
{\an7}Francis: TO SCUTTLE A VESSEL,
361
00:16:50,810 --> 00:16:52,378
{\an7}THE WAY THE GERMANS
WOULD HAVE DONE IT,
362
00:16:52,411 --> 00:16:55,047
{\an7}IS THEY WOULD HAVE OPENED
\hTHE SEACOCKS AND VALVES
363
00:16:55,081 --> 00:16:57,183
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hAND SMASHED
THE INTERNAL WATER PIPES
364
00:16:57,216 --> 00:16:59,985
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTO START FLOODING
THE INTERNAL COMPARTMENTS.
365
00:17:00,019 --> 00:17:02,688
{\an7}\h\h\hNarrator: ONE BY ONE,
THE PRIDE OF THE GERMAN NAVY
366
00:17:02,722 --> 00:17:04,958
{\an7}BEGAN TO SINK.
367
00:17:04,991 --> 00:17:06,359
{\an7}SOME CAPSIZED.
368
00:17:06,459 --> 00:17:08,628
{\an7}SOME SETTLED ON THE SEABED.
369
00:17:08,661 --> 00:17:12,498
{\an7}SOME PLUNGED HEADLONG
\hIN A ROAR OF STEAM.
370
00:17:15,868 --> 00:17:18,871
{\an7}\h\h\h\hFROM THE SHORELINE
AND NEARBY BRITISH SHIPS,
371
00:17:18,905 --> 00:17:21,174
{\an7}LOCALS AND NAVAL STAFF WATCHED
372
00:17:21,207 --> 00:17:24,544
{\an7}\hAS THE GERMAN SAILORS
LOWERED THEIR LIFEBOATS.
373
00:17:24,577 --> 00:17:27,980
{\an7}Francis: THE BRITISH MARINES
ACTUALLY TRIED TO STOP THEM
374
00:17:28,014 --> 00:17:30,350
{\an7}BY FIRING UPON THESE SAILORS,
375
00:17:30,383 --> 00:17:33,419
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAND UNFORTUNATELY
NINE OF THE GERMAN SAILORS
376
00:17:33,452 --> 00:17:36,889
{\an7}\h\h\hWERE SHOT DEAD
BY BRITISH MARINES.
377
00:17:36,923 --> 00:17:41,027
{\an7}Narrator: THE BODIES WERE BURIED
NEARBY ON THE ISLAND OF HOY,
378
00:17:41,060 --> 00:17:46,766
{\an7}THE LAST CASUALTIES
\hOF THE GREAT WAR.
379
00:17:46,799 --> 00:17:53,306
{\an7}AND OF THE 74 SHIPS INTERNED,
50 WERE SUCCESSFULLY SCUTTLED.
380
00:17:53,339 --> 00:17:55,274
{\an7}THE SEABED OF SCAPA FLOW
381
00:17:55,308 --> 00:18:00,313
{\an7}BECAME HOME TO 400,000 TONS
\h\hOF GERMAN WARSHIP STEEL.
382
00:18:03,249 --> 00:18:07,019
{\an7}EMILY TURTON REGULARLY DIVES
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hON THE WRECKS.
383
00:18:07,053 --> 00:18:11,257
{\an7}Turton: THEY DON’T FEEL SPOOKY
\h\h\hAND CREEPY AND SINISTER
384
00:18:11,290 --> 00:18:13,359
{\an7}OR JUST INCREDIBLY SAD,
385
00:18:13,459 --> 00:18:16,495
{\an7}\hLIKE, LIKE IT DOES WHEN YOU,
WHEN YOU DIVE ON A WAR GRAVE.
386
00:18:16,529 --> 00:18:20,767
{\an7}UM, BUT I THINK THE SHEER SIZE
\hOF THEM CAN BE INTIMIDATING,
387
00:18:20,866 --> 00:18:22,568
{\an7}BUT THEY’RE NOT SPOOKY.
388
00:18:22,602 --> 00:18:24,671
{\an7}I THINK WE ARE VERY LUCKY
\h\hWITH THE GERMAN SHIPS
389
00:18:24,704 --> 00:18:26,406
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THAT,
ESPECIALLY THE DREADNOUGHTS,
390
00:18:26,439 --> 00:18:28,942
{\an7}THEY’RE SO HEAVILY BUILT,
391
00:18:29,008 --> 00:18:33,079
{\an7}SOME OF THE STEEL ON THERE
\h\h\hIS 14 INCHES THICK.
392
00:18:33,179 --> 00:18:34,981
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
THE GERMAN DETERMINATION
393
00:18:35,014 --> 00:18:37,149
{\an7}TO SCUTTLE THEIR OWN BATTLESHIPS
394
00:18:37,183 --> 00:18:39,218
{\an7}SHOWED THAT THESE MIGHTY VESSELS
395
00:18:39,251 --> 00:18:42,721
{\an7}WERE STILL THE FLAGSHIPS
\h\h\h\h\hOF THE FLEET.
396
00:18:45,825 --> 00:18:50,296
{\an7}BUT 20 YEARS LATER, AT THE START
OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR,
397
00:18:50,329 --> 00:18:51,597
{\an7}THE GERMAN NAVY PLANNED
398
00:18:51,631 --> 00:18:53,766
{\an7}A VENGEFUL ATTACK
\hON THE ORKNEYS--
399
00:18:53,799 --> 00:18:58,304
{\an7}\h\hONE THAT WOULD PROVE
HOW TIMES WERE CHANGING.
400
00:18:58,404 --> 00:19:01,440
{\an7}THE ATTACK WOULD DEMONSTRATE
\h\hTHE DEADLY EFFECTIVENESS
401
00:19:01,474 --> 00:19:04,277
{\an7}OF A SINGLE GERMAN SUBMARINE--
402
00:19:04,310 --> 00:19:06,546
{\an7}A NOTORIOUS U-BOAT.
403
00:19:06,579 --> 00:19:09,449
{\an7}IT WOULD STRIKE AT THE HEART
\hOF THE BRITISH HOME FLEET
404
00:19:09,482 --> 00:19:13,820
{\an7}IN THEIR SAFE HAVEN
\h\h\hOF SCAPA FLOW.
405
00:19:13,853 --> 00:19:16,823
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE MAN GIVEN
THIS ALMOST SUICIDAL TASK
406
00:19:16,856 --> 00:19:22,462
{\an7}WAS 31-YEAR-OLD GUNTHER PRIEN,
\h\h\h\hTHE COMMANDER OF U-47.
407
00:19:22,595 --> 00:19:25,031
{\an7}HE HAD SUNK THREE BRITISH
\h\h\h\h\h\hMERCHANT SHIPS
408
00:19:25,064 --> 00:19:26,966
{\an7}IN THE FIRST MONTH OF THE WAR.
409
00:19:26,999 --> 00:19:29,235
{\an7}NOW, HE WOULD PLAN HIS ATTACK
410
00:19:29,268 --> 00:19:31,704
{\an7}BY STUDYING THE WEAKNESSES
\h\h\h\h\h\hOF SCAPA FLOW.
411
00:19:31,737 --> 00:19:34,506
{\an7}\hTurton: SO WHERE THE BARRIERS
NOW BLOCK THE EASTERN APPROACHES
412
00:19:34,540 --> 00:19:35,574
{\an7}TO SCAPA FLOW,
413
00:19:35,608 --> 00:19:36,809
{\an7}DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR
414
00:19:36,842 --> 00:19:38,077
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND THE START
OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR,
415
00:19:38,110 --> 00:19:39,545
{\an7}THOSE ARE NARROW CHANNELS
416
00:19:39,578 --> 00:19:41,747
{\an7}\h\hWHERE THE TIDE SCREAMS
IN AND OUT OF SCAPA FLOW.
417
00:19:41,781 --> 00:19:43,850
{\an7}NOW, THE BRITISH NAVY THOUGHT
\h\h\hTHEY WERE WELL-PROTECTED
418
00:19:43,883 --> 00:19:46,052
{\an7}BECAUSE THEY’VE SUNK SHIPS
\h\hALL HIGGLEDY PIGGLEDY
419
00:19:46,218 --> 00:19:48,787
{\an7}ACROSS THOSE WATERWAYS.
420
00:19:48,821 --> 00:19:51,357
{\an7}Narrator: ON THE EVENING
\h\h\h\h\hOF OCTOBER 13,
421
00:19:51,390 --> 00:19:54,827
{\an7}\h\hU-47 SLOWLY APPROACHED
KIRK SOUND ON THE SURFACE
422
00:19:54,860 --> 00:19:58,063
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND PASSED
BETWEEN TWO BLOCK SHIPS--
423
00:19:58,097 --> 00:20:01,200
{\an7}\h\hA GAP THAT WAS
JUST 50 FEET WIDE.
424
00:20:01,233 --> 00:20:03,202
{\an7}"WE ARE IN SCAPA FLOW!"
425
00:20:03,235 --> 00:20:06,638
{\an7}PRIEN WROTE EXCITEDLY
\h\hIN THE SUB’S LOG.
426
00:20:06,672 --> 00:20:08,407
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hFrancis:
AFTER BREACHING KIRK SOUND
427
00:20:08,441 --> 00:20:11,577
{\an7}\hU-BOAT 47 MADE HER WAY
INTO THE GRAND ANCHORAGE
428
00:20:11,610 --> 00:20:14,713
{\an7}\h\h\h\hOF SCAPA FLOW
IN SEARCH FOR TARGETS.
429
00:20:14,747 --> 00:20:18,484
{\an7}THEY SPOTTED THE REVENGE-CLASS
\h\h\h\hBATTLESHIP SILHOUETTE
430
00:20:18,517 --> 00:20:22,488
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF HMS ROYAL OAK
LYING AT ANCHOR IN SCAPA BAY.
431
00:20:22,655 --> 00:20:25,825
{\an7}\h\h\hTurton: THE ROYAL OAK IS
A FIRST WORLD WAR DREADNOUGHT.
432
00:20:25,858 --> 00:20:36,569
{\an7}♪
433
00:20:36,602 --> 00:20:39,338
{\an7}\h\h\hAND SHE WAS IN SCAPA FLOW,
STILL PART OF THE BRITISH FLEET,
434
00:20:39,371 --> 00:20:41,373
{\an7}AND SHE’S ANCHORED RIGHT OVER
\h\hTO THE EAST OF SCAPA FLOW,
435
00:20:41,574 --> 00:20:44,310
{\an7}AND I BELIEVE IT WAS SO HER GUNS
COULD OFFER SOME PROTECTION
436
00:20:44,477 --> 00:20:47,046
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTO A RADAR STATION
THAT WAS OVER ON THE CLIFFS
437
00:20:47,179 --> 00:20:50,582
{\an7}OVER ON THE EAST SIDE
\h\h\h\hOF SCAPA FLOW.
438
00:20:50,683 --> 00:20:52,251
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
ASLEEP ON THE ROYAL OAK
439
00:20:52,284 --> 00:20:54,052
{\an7}WERE HER EXPERIENCED CREW,
440
00:20:54,153 --> 00:21:00,059
{\an7}\h\hBUT ALSO A COMPLEMENT OF 120
TRAINEE SAILORS, ALL TEENAGERS.
441
00:21:00,092 --> 00:21:01,727
{\an7}FROM A DISTANCE OF TWO MILES,
442
00:21:01,761 --> 00:21:06,466
{\an7}\h\hPRIEN FIRED THREE TORPEDOES
AT THE UNSUSPECTING BATTLESHIP.
443
00:21:06,499 --> 00:21:09,769
{\an7}♪
444
00:21:09,802 --> 00:21:11,270
{\an7}TWO OF THEM MISSED.
445
00:21:11,303 --> 00:21:12,838
{\an7}ONE EXPLODED,
446
00:21:12,872 --> 00:21:16,008
{\an7}\h\h\hBUT ONLY IN THE VICINITY
OF ROYAL OAK’S ANCHOR CHAINS.
447
00:21:16,041 --> 00:21:18,377
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hFrancis:
ACCORDING TO HMS ROYAL OAK,
\h\h\hSOME OF THE SURVIVORS,
448
00:21:18,410 --> 00:21:20,712
{\an7}THEY THOUGHT IT MIGHT HAVE BEEN
THE INFLAMMABLE STORES
449
00:21:20,746 --> 00:21:22,381
{\an7}IGNITING OR EXPLODING,
450
00:21:22,414 --> 00:21:24,549
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND THIS THING HAD
APPARENTLY HAPPENED BEFORE,
451
00:21:24,583 --> 00:21:27,419
{\an7}SO THEY WENT BACK TO SLEEP
\h\h\h\h\hIN THEIR BUNKS.
452
00:21:27,520 --> 00:21:29,956
{\an7}Narrator: PRIEN EDGED
\hHIS U-BOAT CLOSER...
453
00:21:29,989 --> 00:21:31,290
{\an7}AND FIRED AGAIN.
454
00:21:31,390 --> 00:21:32,892
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hFrancis:
BY THIS TIME IT WAS TOO LATE.
455
00:21:32,925 --> 00:21:37,630
{\an7}A FINAL THREE SALVO OF TORPEDOES
WAS FIRED AT HMS ROYAL OAK.
456
00:21:37,730 --> 00:21:41,667
{\an7}\hTHREE MINUTES LATER ALL HIT
IN QUICK SUCCESSION AMIDSHIPS.
457
00:21:41,700 --> 00:21:45,737
{\an7}[EXPLOSIONS]
458
00:21:45,805 --> 00:21:48,341
{\an7}HMS ROYAL OAK WAS DOOMED.
459
00:21:48,374 --> 00:21:51,010
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hIT WOULD HAVE BEEN
ABSOLUTE CHAOS AND CONFUSION,
460
00:21:51,043 --> 00:21:53,312
{\an7}OVER 1,230 MEN ON BOARD...
461
00:21:53,379 --> 00:21:56,782
{\an7}MEN SCREAMING, SMOKE FILLING
\h\h\h\hTHE INNER CHAMBERS,
462
00:21:56,816 --> 00:22:00,453
{\an7}CORDITE MAGAZINES IGNITED
AND ASPHYXIATING THE MEN,
463
00:22:00,486 --> 00:22:04,457
{\an7}FLASH FIRES, HORRENDOUS,
\hAND ALL THIS GOING ON
464
00:22:04,490 --> 00:22:08,794
{\an7}\h\hWHILE THE SHIP WAS SLOWLY
SINKING TO THE STARBOARD SIDE.
465
00:22:08,828 --> 00:22:10,697
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
"HE’S FINISHED," PRIEN SAID,
466
00:22:10,729 --> 00:22:14,900
{\an7}AS HE WATCHED FROM HIS U-BOAT’S
CONNING TOWER.
467
00:22:14,934 --> 00:22:19,372
{\an7}ACROSS THE BAY, THE ROYAL OAK
\h\h\hSANK BENEATH THE WAVES.
468
00:22:19,405 --> 00:22:25,444
{\an7}\h834 MEN AND BOYS
LOST THEIR LIVES.
469
00:22:25,477 --> 00:22:29,281
{\an7}♪
470
00:22:29,348 --> 00:22:32,852
{\an7}\h\h\h\hKINLAY IS HEADING
FOR THE SITE OF THE WRECK.
471
00:22:32,952 --> 00:22:36,389
{\an7}THE BOAT’S ECHO SOUNDER SHOWS
THE HULL OF THE BATTLESHIP...
472
00:22:36,488 --> 00:22:38,690
{\an7}JUST 26 FEET BELOW.
473
00:22:38,724 --> 00:22:41,193
{\an7}Francis: SO, ROYAL OAK
\h\hIS RIGHT UNDER US.
474
00:22:41,227 --> 00:22:43,429
{\an7}IT’S STILL LEAKING FUEL OIL
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO THIS DAY,
475
00:22:43,462 --> 00:22:46,732
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hAND THE OIL ITSELF
THAT DISPERSES ON THE SURFACE
476
00:22:46,765 --> 00:22:49,835
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIS KNOWN LOCALLY
AS "THE TEARS OF THE OAK."
477
00:22:49,935 --> 00:22:53,405
{\an7}♪
478
00:22:53,439 --> 00:22:57,576
{\an7}\hTHE BUOY REPRESENTS THE FINAL
RESTING PLACE OF HMS ROYAL OAK,
479
00:22:57,676 --> 00:23:00,245
{\an7}\hAND IT REPRESENTS THOSE
WHO LOST THEIR LIVES HERE
480
00:23:00,346 --> 00:23:02,114
{\an7}ON THAT FATEFUL EARLY MORNING.
481
00:23:02,214 --> 00:23:06,485
{\an7}\h\h\hAND EVERY YEAR
WE COMMEMORATE THAT.
482
00:23:06,518 --> 00:23:07,819
{\an7}Narrator: MISSION ACCOMPLISHED,
483
00:23:07,853 --> 00:23:11,256
{\an7}GUNTHER PRIEN AND U-47
\h\hMADE THEIR ESCAPE.
484
00:23:11,290 --> 00:23:12,658
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTurton:
I THINK THE MOST AMAZING THING
485
00:23:12,691 --> 00:23:15,093
{\an7}IS AFTER THAT SHIP
\h\hHAS GONE DOWN,
486
00:23:15,194 --> 00:23:18,731
{\an7}HE STILL THEN MANAGES TO GET
OUT OF SCAPA FLOW AND AWAY,
487
00:23:18,764 --> 00:23:22,568
{\an7}AND HE’S HAILED A WAR HERO
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN GERMANY.
488
00:23:22,601 --> 00:23:24,136
{\an7}Francis: SINKING A BATTLESHIP
489
00:23:24,169 --> 00:23:25,871
{\an7}\h\h\hAT THE FIRST PART
OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR
490
00:23:25,971 --> 00:23:27,272
{\an7}WAS A HUGE SUCCESS,
491
00:23:27,306 --> 00:23:28,707
{\an7}AND TO DO IT UNDETECTED
492
00:23:28,741 --> 00:23:31,911
{\an7}WAS SOMETHING OF PURE MAGIC
\h\h\h\h\h\hFOR THE GERMANS.
493
00:23:31,944 --> 00:23:34,346
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
U-47’S AUDACIOUS ATTACK
494
00:23:34,446 --> 00:23:39,384
{\an7}HAD PROVEN THAT A SINGLE U-BOAT
COULD SINK A MIGHTY BATTLESHIP.
495
00:23:39,418 --> 00:23:42,755
{\an7}\hAND IN THE YEARS TO COME,
IT PAVED THE WAY FOR U-BOATS
496
00:23:42,788 --> 00:23:47,326
{\an7}\h\h\hTO TAKE CENTER STAGE IN
THE LONGEST BATTLE OF THE WAR.
497
00:23:50,429 --> 00:23:53,132
{\an7}IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR,
\h\hCONTROLLING THE SEAS
498
00:23:53,165 --> 00:23:54,800
{\an7}\h\hWOULD ONCE AGAIN
MEAN THE DIFFERENCE
499
00:23:54,833 --> 00:23:57,436
{\an7}BETWEEN VICTORY AND DEFEAT.
500
00:23:57,469 --> 00:24:00,973
{\an7}\h\h\hA KEY BATTLEGROUND
WAS THE ATLANTIC OCEAN.
501
00:24:01,006 --> 00:24:02,274
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hDuncan Redford:
THE BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC
502
00:24:02,308 --> 00:24:06,479
{\an7}STARTS ON THE 3rd
OF SEPTEMBER 1939,
503
00:24:06,512 --> 00:24:11,517
{\an7}\h\h\hAND IT FINISHES
ON V-E DAY, MAY 1945.
504
00:24:11,550 --> 00:24:13,152
{\an7}IT NEVER STOPS.
505
00:24:13,185 --> 00:24:14,453
{\an7}\h\h\hRichard Holdsworth:
THE BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC
506
00:24:14,486 --> 00:24:16,054
{\an7}WAS ONE OF THE KEY
\h\hSORT OF THINGS
507
00:24:16,088 --> 00:24:18,524
{\an7}THAT CHURCHILL IN LATER LIFE
\hSAID KEPT HIM UP AT NIGHT,
508
00:24:18,557 --> 00:24:21,160
{\an7}THE WORRY THAT FAILURE
\h\h\h\h\hWOULD RESULT
509
00:24:21,260 --> 00:24:23,729
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THE LOSS
OF THOSE VITAL SUPPLIES,
510
00:24:23,762 --> 00:24:25,530
{\an7}THE INABILITY TO FEED
\h\h\h\hTHE POPULATION
511
00:24:25,564 --> 00:24:27,733
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND THE INABILITY
TO PROSECUTE WAR IN EUROPE.
512
00:24:27,833 --> 00:24:30,135
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hRedford: THE GERMANS,
UNDERSTANDABLY, HAVE WORKED OUT
513
00:24:30,169 --> 00:24:32,371
{\an7}THAT, FOR AN ISLAND NATION
\h\h\h\h\h\hLIKE BRITAIN,
514
00:24:32,404 --> 00:24:35,240
{\an7}\hEVERYTHING IT NEEDS
HAS TO COME IN SHIPS.
515
00:24:35,274 --> 00:24:37,676
{\an7}IF YOU STOP THE SHIPS ARRIVING,
516
00:24:37,710 --> 00:24:40,880
{\an7}BRITAIN HAS NO FOOD,
\h\h\hSO IT STARVES.
517
00:24:40,913 --> 00:24:44,350
{\an7}\hIT HAS NO RAW MATERIALS,
SO IT CAN’T MAKE ANYTHING.
518
00:24:44,383 --> 00:24:47,887
{\an7}ITS ECONOMY COLLAPSES,
AND IT WILL SURRENDER.
519
00:24:47,920 --> 00:24:50,656
{\an7}YOU DON’T NEED TO INVADE.
520
00:24:50,689 --> 00:24:53,091
{\an7}\h\h\hNarrator: THE GERMANS’
MAIN WEAPON IN THE ATLANTIC
521
00:24:53,125 --> 00:24:57,096
{\an7}WAS THE FORMIDABLE U-BOAT.
522
00:24:57,129 --> 00:24:59,131
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hRedford: TACTICALLY
THE GERMANS WOULD TEND TO PUT
523
00:24:59,164 --> 00:25:02,200
{\an7}\hA WHOLE NUMBER OF U-BOATS
OUT INTO THE NORTH ATLANTIC,
524
00:25:02,234 --> 00:25:03,802
{\an7}AND THEY’D SPREAD THEM
\h\hAT VARIOUS POINTS.
525
00:25:03,836 --> 00:25:06,372
{\an7}SOME CLOSE IN TO AMERICA,
SOME CLOSE IN TO BRITAIN,
526
00:25:06,472 --> 00:25:07,940
{\an7}BUT OTHERS OUT IN THE MIDDLE,
527
00:25:07,973 --> 00:25:10,542
{\an7}AND THEY’D STRETCH A LINE
OF U-BOATS ACROSS THE AREA
528
00:25:10,576 --> 00:25:12,878
{\an7}THAT THEY WOULD EXPECT CONVOYS
\h\h\h\h\h\hTO TRAVEL THROUGH.
529
00:25:12,911 --> 00:25:14,379
{\an7}WHEN A U-BOAT SPOTTED A CONVOY,
530
00:25:14,413 --> 00:25:16,315
{\an7}\h\h\h\hIT WOULD SIGNAL
THE GERMAN HIGH COMMAND,
531
00:25:16,348 --> 00:25:19,818
{\an7}AND THEY WOULD START TO ASSEMBLE
WHAT THEY CALLED A WOLF PACK,
532
00:25:19,852 --> 00:25:23,389
{\an7}BRINGING LARGE NUMBERS
OF SUBMARINES TOGETHER
533
00:25:23,422 --> 00:25:27,760
{\an7}AHEAD OF THE PREDICTED
\h\h\h\hCONVOY COURSE.
534
00:25:27,793 --> 00:25:31,063
{\an7}Narrator: BY NOW, IT WAS CLEAR
\h\h\hTHAT MASSIVE BATTLESHIPS
535
00:25:31,096 --> 00:25:34,199
{\an7}\h\hWERE VULNERABLE
TO U-BOAT ATTACKS...
536
00:25:34,233 --> 00:25:35,968
{\an7}\hAND THAT CONVOYS
NEEDED PROTECTION
537
00:25:36,001 --> 00:25:41,406
{\an7}\h\h\hFROM SMALLER, FASTER SHIPS
LOADED WITH ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY.
538
00:25:41,440 --> 00:25:45,511
{\an7}IT WAS THE COMING OF AGE...
\h\h\h\h\hOF THE DESTROYER.
539
00:25:45,544 --> 00:25:49,114
{\an7}\h\hTODAY THERE IS JUST ONE
SURVIVING BRITISH DESTROYER
540
00:25:49,148 --> 00:25:51,083
{\an7}\hFROM THE BATTLE
OF THE ATLANTIC...
541
00:25:51,116 --> 00:25:52,985
{\an7}HMS CAVALIER.
542
00:25:53,085 --> 00:25:55,421
{\an7}♪
543
00:25:55,454 --> 00:25:57,289
{\an7}♪
544
00:25:57,389 --> 00:25:58,924
{\an7}[BELL DINGS]
545
00:25:58,957 --> 00:26:02,461
{\an7}♪
546
00:26:02,494 --> 00:26:05,897
{\an7}IN 1944, CAVALIER’S
\h\hFIRST OPERATIONS
547
00:26:05,931 --> 00:26:09,034
{\an7}WERE TO PROTECT LARGER WARSHIPS
AND MERCHANT SHIPS
548
00:26:09,068 --> 00:26:10,469
{\an7}IN THE ATLANTIC.
549
00:26:10,502 --> 00:26:12,504
{\an7}\h\h\h\hHewitt: A DESTROYER WAS
QUITE A SPECIALIZED FLEET UNIT.
550
00:26:12,538 --> 00:26:14,573
{\an7}THEY’RE DESIGNED FOR SPEED
\h\h\h\hAND HITTING POWER.
551
00:26:14,606 --> 00:26:15,907
{\an7}THEY HAVE NO ARMOR
AND NO PROTECTION;
552
00:26:16,008 --> 00:26:17,576
{\an7}THEIR SPEED IS THEIR PROTECTION.
553
00:26:17,676 --> 00:26:19,411
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hHoldsworth:
THEY WERE ABLE TO MOVE
554
00:26:19,511 --> 00:26:22,180
{\an7}\hFROM ONE SIDE OF THE CONVOY
TO THE OTHER WITH GREAT SPEED
555
00:26:22,214 --> 00:26:24,717
{\an7}AND INCREASINGLY WERE USED
\hAS HUNTER-KILLER GROUPS
556
00:26:24,750 --> 00:26:30,522
{\an7}AIMED SPECIFICALLY AT TRYING
\hTO DESTROY GERMAN U-BOATS.
557
00:26:30,622 --> 00:26:33,391
{\an7}Narrator: THEIR PRIMARY WEAPON
\h\h\h\hWAS THE DEPTH CHARGE,
558
00:26:33,425 --> 00:26:36,094
{\an7}A HIGH EXPLOSIVE DROPPED
\h\h\h\h\hFROM THE SHIP
559
00:26:36,128 --> 00:26:39,031
{\an7}AND SET TO DETONATE
AT A SPECIFIC DEPTH.
560
00:26:39,064 --> 00:26:41,533
{\an7}BUT IT HAD ITS LIMITATIONS.
561
00:26:41,567 --> 00:26:43,302
{\an7}Holdsworth: YOU HAD TO RUN
\h\h\h\h\hOVER THE TARGET
562
00:26:43,335 --> 00:26:46,271
{\an7}TO BE ABLE TO LAUNCH WEAPONS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAGAINST IT,
563
00:26:46,305 --> 00:26:48,674
{\an7}AND SUBMARINE CAPTAINS
\h\hWERE PRETTY CANNY
564
00:26:48,707 --> 00:26:51,577
{\an7}ABOUT TRYING TO MAKE SURE
\h\hTHEY WEREN’T RUN OVER.
565
00:26:51,610 --> 00:26:53,645
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
WEAPONS DESIGNERS SOON REALIZED
566
00:26:53,779 --> 00:26:57,283
{\an7}\hTHAT DESTROYERS NEEDED TO BE
ABLE TO TARGET GERMAN U-BOATS
567
00:26:57,316 --> 00:26:59,418
{\an7}WITHOUT PASSING RIGHT OVER THEM.
568
00:26:59,451 --> 00:27:01,253
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hHoldsworth: IT LED
TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF HEDGEHOG,
569
00:27:01,353 --> 00:27:03,155
{\an7}WHICH IS BASICALLY A MORTAR,
570
00:27:03,188 --> 00:27:06,358
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND IT’S FIRING
A VERY LARGE HEAVY PROJECTILE
571
00:27:06,391 --> 00:27:09,461
{\an7}\hACROSS THE TOP OF THE SHIP
AND DOWN SORT OF TRAJECTORY
572
00:27:09,495 --> 00:27:12,999
{\an7}THAT THEN ENTERS THE WATER
\h\hIN FRONT OF THE BOWS.
573
00:27:13,031 --> 00:27:14,599
{\an7}Narrator: IN CHURCHILL’S WORDS,
574
00:27:14,633 --> 00:27:19,404
{\an7}THE WAR AT SEA BECAME A MATTER
\hOF "SEAMANSHIP AND SCIENCE."
575
00:27:19,438 --> 00:27:22,374
{\an7}NEW SHORTWAVE RADAR SETS
\h\h\h\hWERE INTRODUCED
576
00:27:22,407 --> 00:27:26,177
{\an7}\h\hTHAT COULD DETECT U-BOATS AS
SOON AS THEY BROKE THE SURFACE.
577
00:27:26,211 --> 00:27:32,017
{\an7}AND THE FORMATION OF ATLANTIC
CONVOYS WAS STUDIED IN DETAIL.
578
00:27:32,050 --> 00:27:34,853
{\an7}\h\h\hCHURCHILL WAS ADVISED
THAT LOSSES IN THE ATLANTIC
579
00:27:34,887 --> 00:27:39,625
{\an7}COULD BE REDUCED BY MULTIPLYING
THE SIZE OF EACH CONVOY,
580
00:27:39,658 --> 00:27:41,360
{\an7}BY INCREASING ITS SPEED,
581
00:27:41,393 --> 00:27:44,997
{\an7}AND BOOSTING THE NUMBER
\hOF CLOSE ESCORT SHIPS.
582
00:27:45,030 --> 00:27:51,303
{\an7}\h\h\hIT’S BELIEVED THIS LED TO
A 60% REDUCTION IN VESSELS LOST.
583
00:27:51,336 --> 00:27:53,872
{\an7}\h\hANOTHER BREAKTHROUGH
FOR THE ROYAL NAVY CAME
584
00:27:53,906 --> 00:27:56,742
{\an7}VIA THE CODE-BREAKERS
\hAT BLETCHLEY PARK...
585
00:27:56,842 --> 00:27:59,345
{\an7}WHO FED THE ADMIRALTY
\h\hVITAL INFORMATION
586
00:27:59,444 --> 00:28:01,947
{\an7}ON U-BOAT MOVEMENTS.
587
00:28:02,047 --> 00:28:04,116
{\an7}Holdsworth: THE WAY THE GERMANS
CONTROLLED THEIR SHIPS
588
00:28:04,283 --> 00:28:05,718
{\an7}THROUGH THE WOLF PACK SYSTEM
589
00:28:05,817 --> 00:28:08,853
{\an7}\hWAS ALL ABOUT COMMUNICATING
BACK TO THE SUBMARINE COMMAND.
590
00:28:08,887 --> 00:28:10,622
{\an7}\h\h\hIF YOU KNOW WHERE
THAT PARTICULAR PLACE IS
591
00:28:10,656 --> 00:28:13,392
{\an7}\hAND WHERE THEY’RE GATHERING
THROUGH SIGNALS INTELLIGENCE,
592
00:28:13,425 --> 00:28:15,494
{\an7}THEN YOU CAN TARGET THEM.
593
00:28:17,963 --> 00:28:19,465
{\an7}Narrator: THE HUMAN COST
\h\h\h\h\hON BOTH SIDES
594
00:28:19,598 --> 00:28:23,335
{\an7}OF THE BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWAS HIGH.
595
00:28:23,402 --> 00:28:25,971
{\an7}OVER 700 U-BOATS DESTROYED.
596
00:28:26,004 --> 00:28:29,808
{\an7}NEARLY 3,000 ALLIED SHIPS LOST.
597
00:28:29,975 --> 00:28:32,177
{\an7}\h\hBUT THOSE FIGURES
WOULD HAVE BEEN HIGHER
598
00:28:32,211 --> 00:28:33,546
{\an7}IF BRITAIN HADN’T FOCUSED
599
00:28:33,645 --> 00:28:38,783
{\an7}ON DESTROYING THE ENEMY’S
\h\h\hBIGGEST BATTLESHIP.
600
00:28:38,817 --> 00:28:41,586
{\an7}TWO YEARS INTO THE WAR,
\h\hTHEY DEVISED A PLAN
601
00:28:41,620 --> 00:28:45,757
{\an7}THAT WOULD REMOVE THE THREAT
\h\h\hOF THE MIGHTY TIRPITZ.
602
00:28:45,791 --> 00:28:49,962
{\an7}BUT THE PLAN WAS SO OUTLANDISH,
FEW THOUGHT IT COULD SUCCEED.
603
00:28:49,995 --> 00:29:00,873
{\an7}♪
604
00:29:00,906 --> 00:29:03,709
{\an7}\hWINSTON CHURCHILL WAS
WELL AWARE OF THE THREAT
605
00:29:03,742 --> 00:29:05,744
{\an7}POSED BY THE TIRPITZ.
606
00:29:05,777 --> 00:29:07,579
{\an7}"THE WHOLE STRATEGY OF THE WAR
607
00:29:07,613 --> 00:29:12,251
{\an7}\h\hTURNS AT THIS PERIOD
ON THIS SHIP," HE SAID.
608
00:29:12,284 --> 00:29:14,319
{\an7}TIRPITZ HAD THE POTENTIAL
\h\h\h\h\h\hTO WREAK HAVOC
609
00:29:14,353 --> 00:29:16,622
{\an7}ON MERCHANT SHIPPING
\h\hIN THE ATLANTIC.
610
00:29:16,655 --> 00:29:20,926
{\an7}BUT TO DO THAT, IT WOULD NEED TO
TRANSFER FROM ITS BASE IN NORWAY
611
00:29:20,959 --> 00:29:25,363
{\an7}TO A SERVICE PORT WITH DIRECT
\hACCESS TO THE OCEAN CONVOYS.
612
00:29:25,397 --> 00:29:30,302
{\an7}\h\hTHE ONLY DRY DOCK BIG ENOUGH
WAS AT SAINT NAZAIRE IN FRANCE.
613
00:29:30,335 --> 00:29:33,738
{\an7}\hTHE NORMANDIE DOCK
WAS 400 YARDS LONG.
614
00:29:33,772 --> 00:29:36,375
{\an7}Peter Lush: THE NORMANDIE DOCK
\h\h\h\h\h\hWAS NOT ONLY HUGE,
615
00:29:36,475 --> 00:29:38,277
{\an7}BUT IT HAD THE FACILITIES.
616
00:29:38,310 --> 00:29:41,180
{\an7}IT’S QUITE A SPECIFIC TASK
\h\hTO REPAIR A BATTLESHIP
617
00:29:41,213 --> 00:29:42,614
{\an7}OF THAT SIZE,
618
00:29:42,648 --> 00:29:44,750
{\an7}\h\hAND HERE, THEY HAD
ALL THOSE FACILITIES.
619
00:29:44,783 --> 00:29:48,186
{\an7}\h\hTHEY HAD THE ENGINEERING
AND THE DRY DOCK FACILITIES,
620
00:29:48,220 --> 00:29:51,523
{\an7}WITH WHICH THEY COULD
\h\h\hCARRY THAT OUT.
621
00:29:51,556 --> 00:29:54,559
{\an7}Narrator: IF THE BRITISH COULD
\hDESTROY THE NORMANDIE DOCK,
622
00:29:54,593 --> 00:29:57,362
{\an7}\hTHEN THE MIGHTY TIRPITZ
WOULD BE RENDERED USELESS
623
00:29:57,396 --> 00:29:59,465
{\an7}IN THE BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC.
624
00:29:59,564 --> 00:30:01,366
{\an7}BUT IN 1942,
625
00:30:01,400 --> 00:30:04,770
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hSAINT NAZAIRE WAS A
WELL-DEFENDED GERMAN NAVAL BASE
626
00:30:04,803 --> 00:30:08,607
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hWITH A STRING
OF BOMB-PROOF U-BOAT PENS.
627
00:30:08,640 --> 00:30:13,145
{\an7}ATTACKING THE NORMANDY DRY DOCK
WOULD BE FAR FROM EASY.
628
00:30:13,178 --> 00:30:14,980
{\an7}BOMBING WOULD BE TOO INACCURATE.
629
00:30:15,013 --> 00:30:18,783
{\an7}THE ESTUARY WAS WELL-GUARDED
\h\hBY ANTI-SUBMARINE NETS.
630
00:30:18,817 --> 00:30:21,920
{\an7}AND A LAND ATTACK THROUGH
\h\hGERMAN-OCCUPIED FRANCE
631
00:30:22,020 --> 00:30:24,556
{\an7}WAS SIMPLY IMPOSSIBLE.
632
00:30:24,589 --> 00:30:26,791
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE TASK
OF PULLING OFF THE SCHEME
633
00:30:26,892 --> 00:30:28,560
{\an7}FELL TO THE SPECIALIST TEAM
634
00:30:28,593 --> 00:30:32,030
{\an7}AT COMBINED OPERATIONS
\h\h\h\hHEADQUARTERS.
635
00:30:32,064 --> 00:30:35,434
{\an7}\h\h\hTHEIR PLAN ENVISIONED
A FLOTILLA-LOAD OF COMMANDOS
636
00:30:35,467 --> 00:30:38,904
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hDISPATCHED TO DESTROY
THE WATERTIGHT GATE OF THE DOCK,
637
00:30:38,937 --> 00:30:41,606
{\an7}KNOWN AS THE CAISSON.
638
00:30:41,640 --> 00:30:44,309
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHE COMMANDOS
WOULD THEN SWARM ASHORE
639
00:30:44,343 --> 00:30:48,180
{\an7}TO SABOTAGE THE DOCK’S CONTROLS.
640
00:30:48,213 --> 00:30:49,881
{\an7}AT THE HEART OF THE FLOTILLA
641
00:30:49,915 --> 00:30:53,519
{\an7}WOULD BE AN OLD AMERICAN WARSHIP
FROM THE FIRST WORLD WAR,
642
00:30:53,552 --> 00:30:56,488
{\an7}RENAMED HMS CAMPBELTOWN.
643
00:30:56,521 --> 00:30:59,391
{\an7}\hLush: THE CAMPBELTOWN WAS ONE
OF THE 50 LEASE-LEND DESTROYERS
644
00:30:59,424 --> 00:31:02,193
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHAT WERE TRANSFERRED TO
THE ROYAL NAVY BY THE AMERICANS.
645
00:31:02,227 --> 00:31:03,929
{\an7}\h\h\hIT WAS ALTERED
IN A VERY SHORT TIME
646
00:31:04,096 --> 00:31:05,598
{\an7}AT DEVONPORT DOCKYARD
647
00:31:05,630 --> 00:31:08,933
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTO MAKE IT LOOK LIKE
A GERMAN MÖWE-CLASS DESTROYER.
648
00:31:09,034 --> 00:31:11,570
{\an7}Narrator: TWO OF ITS FOUR
\h\hFUNNELS WERE REMOVED,
649
00:31:11,603 --> 00:31:14,172
{\an7}AND THE REMAINING TWO
WERE CUT AT AN ANGLE,
650
00:31:14,206 --> 00:31:16,341
{\an7}\h\hIN THE HOPE THAT
THE GERMAN LOOKOUTS
651
00:31:16,375 --> 00:31:19,478
{\an7}\hWOULD THINK ONE OF THEIR
OWN SHIPS WAS APPROACHING.
652
00:31:19,578 --> 00:31:22,047
{\an7}MUCH OF THE SUPERSTRUCTURE
\h\h\h\hWAS THEN REMOVED--
653
00:31:22,080 --> 00:31:25,817
{\an7}TO ENABLE CAMPBELTOWN TO PASS
\h\hOVER THE SHALLOW MUD FLATS
654
00:31:25,851 --> 00:31:27,886
{\an7}OF THE LOIRE ESTUARY.
655
00:31:27,986 --> 00:31:29,421
{\an7}BUT MOST IMPORTANTLY,
656
00:31:29,521 --> 00:31:32,357
{\an7}CAMPBELTOWN WAS TURNED
INTO A FLOATING BOMB,
657
00:31:32,391 --> 00:31:35,895
{\an7}A BOMB THAT WOULD RAM
\h\hTHE NORMANDY DOCK.
658
00:31:35,927 --> 00:31:37,562
{\an7}Lush: THE CHARGE IN CAMPBELTOWN
WAS PLACED
659
00:31:37,596 --> 00:31:39,832
{\an7}JUST BEHIND THE MOUNTING
\h\hFOR THE FORWARD GUN,
660
00:31:39,865 --> 00:31:42,034
{\an7}WHICH WOULD BE THE FIRST POINT
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF RESISTANCE
661
00:31:42,067 --> 00:31:43,735
{\an7}WHEN IT RAMMED THE CAISSON.
662
00:31:43,769 --> 00:31:47,273
{\an7}\h\h\hIT CONSISTED OF 24
MARK VII DEPTH CHARGES,
663
00:31:47,506 --> 00:31:49,441
{\an7}\h\hLINKED TOGETHER
WITH SPECIAL FUSES,
664
00:31:49,474 --> 00:31:52,277
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hWHICH OPERATED
WITH COPPER WIRE AND ACID,
665
00:31:52,310 --> 00:31:54,913
{\an7}\h\h\hAND THEY WERE
QUITE EXPERIMENTAL.
666
00:31:54,946 --> 00:32:00,018
{\an7}Narrator: THE CAMPBELTOWN SAILED
FROM FALMOUTH ON MARCH 26, 1942,
667
00:32:00,051 --> 00:32:04,222
{\an7}ALONG WITH 18 SMALL VESSELS
\h\h\h\h\hAND TORPEDO BOATS.
668
00:32:04,256 --> 00:32:08,060
{\an7}ON BOARD WERE 260 COMMANDOS.
669
00:32:08,160 --> 00:32:10,129
{\an7}THIS WAS THE MOST DARING
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF RAIDS,
670
00:32:10,162 --> 00:32:14,733
{\an7}\hAND MANY OF THE MEN WERE SURE
THEY WOULDN’T BE RETURNING HOME.
671
00:32:14,766 --> 00:32:17,569
{\an7}AND YET, LIEUTENANT COMMANDER
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hSAM BEATTIE
672
00:32:17,602 --> 00:32:20,271
{\an7}HELD A SHERRY PARTY
\hFOR HIS OFFICERS.
673
00:32:20,305 --> 00:32:22,607
{\an7}COULD THEIR OLD WARSHIP
\h\h\h\hDUPE THE GERMANS
674
00:32:22,641 --> 00:32:25,744
{\an7}\h\h\hAND STRIKE A MAJOR BLOW
IN THE BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC?
675
00:32:25,777 --> 00:32:29,080
{\an7}\h\hTHEY WOULD KNOW
IN JUST A FEW HOURS.
676
00:32:32,717 --> 00:32:36,955
{\an7}\h\hIN MARCH 1942, AN OLD
FIRST WORLD WAR DESTROYER
677
00:32:36,988 --> 00:32:38,490
{\an7}SAILED FROM FALMOUTH
678
00:32:38,523 --> 00:32:41,926
{\an7}TO THE GERMAN-HELD FRENCH PORT
\h\h\h\h\h\hOF SAINT NAZAIRE.
679
00:32:41,960 --> 00:32:45,330
{\an7}ITS MISSION--TO DESTROY
\hTHE ONLY ATLANTIC DOCK
680
00:32:45,363 --> 00:32:46,898
{\an7}BIG ENOUGH TO SERVICE
681
00:32:46,932 --> 00:32:49,768
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE FEARSOME
GERMAN BATTLESHIP TIRPITZ.
682
00:32:49,901 --> 00:32:54,305
{\an7}HMS CAMPBELTOWN AND ITS FLOTILLA
ENTERED THE LOIRE ESTUARY
683
00:32:54,339 --> 00:32:57,008
{\an7}\h\h\hAROUND MIDNIGHT
ON THE 28th OF MARCH.
684
00:32:57,042 --> 00:32:58,944
{\an7}UNDER THE COMMAND
\hOF ROBERT RYDER,
685
00:32:58,977 --> 00:33:02,481
{\an7}THE FLOATING BOMB APPROACHED
\hSAINT NAZAIRE IN DARKNESS.
686
00:33:02,514 --> 00:33:04,182
{\an7}Lush: THEY HAD TO EMPLOY
\h\h\h\h\hCERTAIN TRICKS
687
00:33:04,216 --> 00:33:07,086
{\an7}TO MAKE SURE THAT THEY
\hWEREN’T RECOGNIZED.
688
00:33:07,118 --> 00:33:08,653
{\an7}THE MOST OBVIOUS ONE, OF COURSE,
689
00:33:08,687 --> 00:33:10,756
{\an7}WAS THE TRANSFORMATION
\hOF THE CAMPBELTOWN.
690
00:33:10,789 --> 00:33:13,258
{\an7}BUT RYDER HAD OTHER TRICKS
\h\h\h\h\h\hUP HIS SLEEVE.
691
00:33:13,358 --> 00:33:15,660
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHEY HAD LIBERATED
A GERMAN NAVAL CODE BOOK,
692
00:33:15,760 --> 00:33:17,328
{\an7}\hAND SO THEY KNEW
WHAT ALL THE CODES
693
00:33:17,362 --> 00:33:19,164
{\an7}FOR THE SAINT NAZAIRE AREA WERE.
694
00:33:19,297 --> 00:33:21,332
{\an7}AND ON THE MOTOR GUNBOAT
\h\h\h\hWAS A SIGNALMAN
695
00:33:21,433 --> 00:33:22,834
{\an7}WHO COULD SIGNAL IN GERMAN
696
00:33:22,868 --> 00:33:25,270
{\an7}AND ANSWER THE CHALLENGES
\h\h\h\h\h\hFROM ON SHORE.
697
00:33:25,303 --> 00:33:26,738
{\an7}Narrator: THE TRICK WORKED,
698
00:33:26,771 --> 00:33:29,807
{\an7}\h\hUNTIL THE FLOTILLA WAS
JUST A MILE FROM THE DOCK.
699
00:33:29,841 --> 00:33:32,944
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hFROM THEN ON,
LIEUTENANT COMMANDER SAM BEATTIE
700
00:33:33,044 --> 00:33:37,248
{\an7}HAD TO STEER CAMPBELTOWN UNDER
\hA BARRAGE OF GERMAN GUNFIRE.
701
00:33:37,282 --> 00:33:39,451
{\an7}\hLush: WHAT WE’RE SEEING
BEHIND ME IS THE OLD MOLE,
702
00:33:39,484 --> 00:33:41,219
{\an7}ON WHICH YOU CAN SEE
\h\hTHE LIGHTHOUSE,
703
00:33:41,253 --> 00:33:43,922
{\an7}WHICH GAVE BEATTIE
HIS AIMING POINT.
704
00:33:43,955 --> 00:33:46,424
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hHE WAS TO PASS
TO ABOUT 100 YARDS OFF THAT.
705
00:33:46,458 --> 00:33:48,794
{\an7}PART OF THE DIFFICULTY HERE
\h\hIS THAT ON THE OLD MOLE
706
00:33:48,894 --> 00:33:53,499
{\an7}\h\hWAS A SEARCHLIGHT POSITION
AND ALSO A VERY DANGEROUS GUN.
707
00:33:53,532 --> 00:33:56,468
{\an7}Narrator: BUT AS THE CLOCK
\h\h\h\hPASSED 1:34 A.M.,
708
00:33:56,501 --> 00:33:58,470
{\an7}THE SHIP ROUNDED THE OLD MOLE...
709
00:33:58,503 --> 00:34:01,706
{\an7}INCREASED HER SPEED
\h\h\hTO 20 KNOTS...
710
00:34:01,740 --> 00:34:05,344
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAND CRASHED INTO
THE NORMANDY DOCK GATE.
711
00:34:05,377 --> 00:34:07,179
{\an7}Lush: THE CAMPBELTOWN
\hHAS IMPALED HERSELF
712
00:34:07,212 --> 00:34:08,680
{\an7}UPON THE CAISSON HERE
713
00:34:08,713 --> 00:34:11,249
{\an7}TO SUCH AN EXTENT THAT HER BOW
\h\h\h\h\hPROJECTED THREE FEET
714
00:34:11,283 --> 00:34:14,386
{\an7}IN FRONT OF THE INNER FACE.
715
00:34:14,419 --> 00:34:15,887
{\an7}Robert Montgomery: THE ASSAULT
\h\hPARTIES IMMEDIATELY BEGAN
716
00:34:15,921 --> 00:34:17,589
{\an7}CLAMBERING OFF THE FRONT END.
717
00:34:17,622 --> 00:34:19,757
{\an7}\h\h\hIT WAS QUITE A GAME
CLIMBING DOWN THE LADDER,
718
00:34:19,791 --> 00:34:22,127
{\an7}AS THERE WAS A FIRE BLAZING
\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THE FO’C’SLE.
719
00:34:22,227 --> 00:34:24,262
{\an7}CORPORAL CALLOWAY’S TROUSERS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hCAUGHT FIRE
720
00:34:24,296 --> 00:34:25,564
{\an7}AS HE WAS CLIMBING DOWN,
721
00:34:25,597 --> 00:34:27,466
{\an7}AND HE HAD TO TAKE THEM OFF.
722
00:34:27,566 --> 00:34:30,402
{\an7}\h\hHE CARRIED OUT THE WHOLE
OPERATION IN HIS UNDERPANTS!
723
00:34:30,435 --> 00:34:33,738
{\an7}\hLush: THERE WAS ONE PARTY FOR
THE SOUTHERN WINDING HOUSE HERE,
724
00:34:33,772 --> 00:34:35,173
{\an7}ONE FOR THE PUMP HOUSE,
725
00:34:35,206 --> 00:34:36,774
{\an7}AND ONE FOR THE NORTHERN
\h\h\h\h\hWINDING HOUSE
726
00:34:36,808 --> 00:34:38,843
{\an7}AT THE FAR END OF THE DOCKYARD.
727
00:34:38,877 --> 00:34:42,114
{\an7}Narrator: WITH THE ONBOARD BOMB
SET TO EXPLODE AT DAWN,
728
00:34:42,147 --> 00:34:44,282
{\an7}THE CAMPBELTOWN ELEMENT
\h\h\h\h\hOF THE MISSION
729
00:34:44,316 --> 00:34:46,819
{\an7}\h\h\h\hWAS SHAPING UP
TO BE A HUGE SUCCESS.
730
00:34:46,851 --> 00:34:48,753
{\an7}BUT FOR THE REST
OF THE FLOTILLA,
731
00:34:48,787 --> 00:34:50,422
{\an7}IT WAS A DIFFERENT STORY.
732
00:34:50,522 --> 00:34:52,524
{\an7}UNDER INTENSE ENEMY FIRE,
733
00:34:52,557 --> 00:34:57,128
{\an7}VERY FEW OF THE SMALLER VESSELS
EVER MADE IT TO LAND.
734
00:34:57,162 --> 00:34:59,264
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND WHEN
THE CAMPBELTOWN COMMANDOS
735
00:34:59,297 --> 00:35:01,499
{\an7}LANDED AT THE OLD MOLE
\h\h\h\h\hAS PLANNED,
736
00:35:01,533 --> 00:35:05,103
{\an7}THEY DISCOVERED THERE WOULD BE
\hNO BOATS TO TAKE THEM HOME.
737
00:35:05,136 --> 00:35:09,107
{\an7}Lush: IT WAS THE FIRST TIME THEY
REALIZED, WHEN THEY GOT THERE,
738
00:35:09,140 --> 00:35:11,209
{\an7}WHAT HAD HAPPENED
\hTO THE LAUNCHES.
739
00:35:11,309 --> 00:35:12,544
{\an7}AND THEY WERE MET WITH A SCENE
740
00:35:12,577 --> 00:35:15,046
{\an7}\h\hTHAT WAS LIKENED
TO DANTE’S INFERNO.
741
00:35:15,080 --> 00:35:19,618
{\an7}EVERYTHING WAS ON FIRE,
\h\hEVEN THE SEA ITSELF.
742
00:35:19,651 --> 00:35:20,919
{\an7}Narrator: AS DAWN BROKE,
743
00:35:20,952 --> 00:35:24,222
{\an7}MOST OF THE COMMANDOS ON SHORE
\h\h\h\h\h\hHAD BEEN CAPTURED.
744
00:35:24,255 --> 00:35:25,923
{\an7}AND THERE WAS ANOTHER PROBLEM--
745
00:35:25,957 --> 00:35:29,794
{\an7}THE BOMB ON BOARD CAMPBELTOWN
\h\h\hHAD FAILED TO DETONATE.
746
00:35:29,828 --> 00:35:33,432
{\an7}\h\h\hTO MAKE MATTERS WORSE,
GERMAN TROOPS AND SIGHTSEERS
747
00:35:33,465 --> 00:35:37,135
{\an7}WERE NOW CLIMBING ALL OVER
THE BEACHED ENEMY VESSEL.
748
00:35:37,168 --> 00:35:39,671
{\an7}\hLush: THE FOLLOWING MORNING,
LIEUTENANT COMMANDER BEATTIE,
749
00:35:39,704 --> 00:35:41,472
{\an7}WHO HAD BEEN RESCUED
\h\hFROM THE RIVER,
750
00:35:41,506 --> 00:35:44,476
{\an7}WAS BEING INTERROGATED
\hBY GERMAN OFFICERS,
751
00:35:44,509 --> 00:35:45,910
{\an7}AND THEY WERE SAYING TO HIM...
752
00:35:45,944 --> 00:35:47,212
{\an7}"YOU BRITISH MUST BE STUPID
753
00:35:47,245 --> 00:35:49,314
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hIF YOU THINK
YOU CAN DESTROY OUR DOCK
754
00:35:49,347 --> 00:35:51,716
{\an7}WITH THAT FLIMSY DESTROYER."
755
00:35:51,750 --> 00:35:55,621
{\an7}Montgomery: JUST AT THAT MOMENT,
SHE WENT UP.
756
00:35:55,654 --> 00:35:57,789
{\an7}BEATTIE SMILED AT THE OFFICER
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND SAID,
757
00:35:57,822 --> 00:36:00,625
{\an7}"WE’RE NOT QUITE AS FOOLISH
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAS YOU THINK!"
758
00:36:00,659 --> 00:36:02,561
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
THE RAID ON SAINT NAZAIRE
759
00:36:02,661 --> 00:36:04,229
{\an7}WAS A SUCCESS AFTER ALL.
760
00:36:04,262 --> 00:36:06,364
{\an7}BUT IT HAD COME AT A COST.
761
00:36:06,398 --> 00:36:12,137
{\an7}\h\h\hOF THE 611 MEN INVOLVED,
ONLY 228 RETURNED TO BRITAIN.
762
00:36:12,170 --> 00:36:14,406
{\an7}Lush: WHEN ONE CONSIDERS
\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE DISTANCE
763
00:36:14,439 --> 00:36:17,375
{\an7}THAT THE FORCE HAD TO TRAVEL
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO GET HERE,
764
00:36:17,409 --> 00:36:19,611
{\an7}\h\hWHAT THEY FACED
WHEN THEY GOT HERE,
765
00:36:19,644 --> 00:36:25,116
{\an7}\h\hAND TO PUT THE CAMPBELTOWN
WITHIN AN INCH OF ITS TARGET,
766
00:36:25,150 --> 00:36:28,987
{\an7}\hWITHIN FOUR MINUTES
OF ITS PROJECTED TIME,
767
00:36:29,020 --> 00:36:32,123
{\an7}\h\h\hWITHOUT DOUBT
JUSTIFIES THE LABEL
768
00:36:32,157 --> 00:36:34,626
{\an7}OF THE GREATEST RAID OF ALL.
769
00:36:34,659 --> 00:36:38,830
{\an7}\h\h\h\hNarrator: THE TIRPITZ
NEVER DID REACH THE ATLANTIC.
770
00:36:38,897 --> 00:36:44,269
{\an7}THE ONCE ALL-POWERFUL BATTLESHIP
WAS NOW OUT OF COMMISSION,
771
00:36:44,302 --> 00:36:47,572
{\an7}THANKS TO THE DARING RAID
\h\h\h\hON SAINT-NAZAIRE.
772
00:36:47,605 --> 00:36:50,341
{\an7}♪
773
00:36:50,442 --> 00:36:51,910
{\an7}A FEW WEEKS LATER, THOUGH...
774
00:36:52,010 --> 00:36:55,113
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hA CLASH TOOK PLACE
ON THE OTHER SIDE OF THE WORLD
775
00:36:55,146 --> 00:37:00,551
{\an7}\h\hWHICH THREATENED TO MAKE THE
BATTLESHIP COMPLETELY OBSOLETE.
776
00:37:00,752 --> 00:37:03,955
{\an7}ON JUNE 5, 1942, THE U.S. NAVY
777
00:37:03,988 --> 00:37:06,190
{\an7}WON A STUNNING VICTORY
\h\h\h\hIN THE PACIFIC
778
00:37:06,224 --> 00:37:08,593
{\an7}AT THE BATTLE OF MIDWAY.
779
00:37:08,626 --> 00:37:13,131
{\an7}IT WAS A BATTLE FOUGHT AND WON
\h\h\h\hBY AIRCRAFT CARRIERS.
780
00:37:13,164 --> 00:37:17,535
{\an7}THE U.S. LOST ONE CARRIER--
\h\h\h\h\hTHE USS YORKTOWN.
781
00:37:17,569 --> 00:37:21,540
{\an7}BUT AMERICAN AIRCRAFT DESTROYED
FOUR JAPANESE CARRIERS.
782
00:37:21,573 --> 00:37:25,444
{\an7}\h\h\hIT WAS A SEA-CHANGE MOMENT
IN THE HISTORY OF COMBAT SHIPS.
783
00:37:25,577 --> 00:37:27,479
{\an7}Craig Symonds: THE ASSUMPTION
\h\h\hWHEN THEY WERE LAID DOWN
784
00:37:27,512 --> 00:37:30,915
{\an7}WAS THAT BATTLESHIPS WOULD BE
\h\h\h\hTHE KEY TO THE FLEET,
785
00:37:30,949 --> 00:37:34,519
{\an7}\h\h\hAND AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
WOULD SERVE TO PROTECT THEM
786
00:37:34,552 --> 00:37:36,921
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND GUIDE THEM
AND MARK THE FALL OF A SHOT
787
00:37:36,955 --> 00:37:38,156
{\an7}AND REPORT, YOU KNOW,
\h\h\h"THAT WAS LONG"
788
00:37:38,189 --> 00:37:39,590
{\an7}OR "THAT WAS SHORT."
789
00:37:39,624 --> 00:37:41,993
{\an7}\h\h\h\hINSTEAD, THE ROLES
WERE COMPLETELY REVERSED;
790
00:37:42,026 --> 00:37:44,996
{\an7}\h\h\hAIRCRAFT CARRIERS WERE
THE PRINCIPAL STRIKING FORCE
791
00:37:45,029 --> 00:37:47,765
{\an7}OF NAVIES BY 1943.
792
00:37:47,799 --> 00:37:50,368
{\an7}Narrator: YET BATTLESHIPS
\hWERE STILL BEING BUILT--
793
00:37:50,401 --> 00:37:54,205
{\an7}LIKE THIS ONE THAT WAS LAUNCHED
A FEW WEEKS BEFORE MIDWAY--
794
00:37:54,239 --> 00:37:56,808
{\an7}THE USS MASSACHUSETTS.
795
00:37:56,841 --> 00:38:10,755
{\an7}♪
796
00:38:10,789 --> 00:38:12,224
{\an7}Brad King: SO THIS IS
\h\h\hA FLOATING CITY,
797
00:38:12,257 --> 00:38:14,726
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hA FLOATING TOWN,
WHICH HAS ITS HIGH STREET,
798
00:38:14,759 --> 00:38:17,762
{\an7}\hIT HAS ITS PRISON
AND A FIRE SERVICE.
799
00:38:17,796 --> 00:38:20,299
{\an7}IT HAS THE GUNNERY OFFICE,
\h\h\h\hIT HAS THE BAKERY,
800
00:38:20,331 --> 00:38:21,833
{\an7}IT HAS A POST OFFICE.
801
00:38:21,933 --> 00:38:25,837
{\an7}\h\hIT’S AMERICA AFLOAT, BECAUSE
IT’S A CREW OF 2,000 VOLUNTEERS,
802
00:38:25,937 --> 00:38:28,840
{\an7}\h\hALL COMING TOGETHER
FROM ALL WALKS OF LIFE,
803
00:38:28,873 --> 00:38:30,641
{\an7}ALL LEVELS OF SOCIETY,
804
00:38:30,675 --> 00:38:34,179
{\an7}FROM THE KENTUCKY FARM BOY
WHO’D NEVER SEEN THE OCEAN
805
00:38:34,279 --> 00:38:36,481
{\an7}TO THE HARVARD YACHTSMAN.
806
00:38:36,548 --> 00:38:38,450
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
IMPRESSIVE THOUGH SHE WAS,
807
00:38:38,483 --> 00:38:41,353
{\an7}THE MASSACHUSETTS’ ROLE
\h\h\h\h\h\hWAS UNCLEAR.
808
00:38:41,386 --> 00:38:44,289
{\an7}BUT HER FIRST TASTE OF WAR
\h\h\hWOULD BE SIGNIFICANT
809
00:38:44,322 --> 00:38:47,292
{\an7}AND HELP CREATE A NEW ROLE
\h\h\hFOR THE BATTLESHIP.
810
00:38:47,325 --> 00:38:49,727
{\an7}IN OCTOBER 1942, SHE SAILED
811
00:38:49,761 --> 00:38:54,232
{\an7}\hTO SUPPORT AN AMPHIBIOUS
INVASION OF NORTH AFRICA.
812
00:38:54,332 --> 00:38:57,769
{\an7}THREE TASK FORCES INVADED
FRENCH MOROCCO AND ALGERIA
813
00:38:57,802 --> 00:38:59,070
{\an7}ON NOVEMBER 8th.
814
00:39:00,605 --> 00:39:03,241
{\an7}OPERATION TORCH’S OBJECTIVE
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWAS TO REMOVE
815
00:39:03,274 --> 00:39:06,844
{\an7}THE GERMAN AND ITALIAN FORCES
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hFROM THE REGION.
816
00:39:06,945 --> 00:39:10,382
{\an7}THE MASSACHUSETTS SUPPORTED
THE LANDINGS AT CASABLANCA,
817
00:39:10,415 --> 00:39:13,885
{\an7}BOMBARDING SHORE DEFENSES.
818
00:39:13,952 --> 00:39:17,722
{\an7}\h\h\h\hBUT IN THE PORT, ANOTHER
BATTLESHIP WAS WAITING FOR HER.
819
00:39:17,789 --> 00:39:22,060
{\an7}THE JEAN BART WAS AN UNFINISHED
STATIONARY FRENCH VESSEL
820
00:39:22,093 --> 00:39:25,363
{\an7}\h\hWITH A CREW ALLIED
TO THE GERMAN FORCES.
821
00:39:25,396 --> 00:39:26,797
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hKing: SHE WAS
A VERY CREDIBLE THREAT,
822
00:39:26,831 --> 00:39:30,368
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hSHE WAS BEING BUILT,
BUT SHE STILL HAD GUNS ON BOARD,
823
00:39:30,401 --> 00:39:33,104
{\an7}\h\hAND SO THIS MATCH
BACKWARDS AND FORWARDS
824
00:39:33,137 --> 00:39:34,672
{\an7}STARTED WITH THE JEAN BART.
825
00:39:34,806 --> 00:39:37,409
{\an7}THE SHIP WAS ABOUT 13 MILES
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOFF THE COAST.
826
00:39:37,442 --> 00:39:40,345
{\an7}\h\h\hTHE RANGE OF OUR GUNS IS
22 MILES, SOMETHING LIKE THAT.
827
00:39:40,378 --> 00:39:44,515
{\an7}THE SHELL IS ABOUT THE WEIGHT
\h\h\h\h\hOF A TOYOTA COROLLA.
828
00:39:44,549 --> 00:39:45,817
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
FIVE OF THE MASSACHUSETTS’
829
00:39:45,850 --> 00:39:49,153
{\an7}MASSIVE 16-INCH SHELLS
\h\hHIT THE JEAN BART,
830
00:39:49,187 --> 00:39:51,589
{\an7}THE FIRST CAUSING
EXTENSIVE DAMAGE.
831
00:39:51,623 --> 00:39:53,258
{\an7}King: AND HERE YOU CAN SEE
\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE JEAN BART,
832
00:39:53,391 --> 00:39:56,427
{\an7}THIS IS A PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN
\hAFTER THE BATTLE ENDED.
833
00:39:56,461 --> 00:39:59,197
{\an7}\h\h\hYOU CAN SEE WHERE ONE OF
THE SHELLS PENETRATED THE HULL
834
00:39:59,230 --> 00:40:01,132
{\an7}AND EXPLODED IN THE MAGAZINE.
835
00:40:01,232 --> 00:40:02,500
{\an7}WHEN THE SHELL EXPLODED,
836
00:40:02,600 --> 00:40:06,370
{\an7}THE DECK ACTUALLY FOLDED OVER
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE AFT TURRET.
837
00:40:06,404 --> 00:40:09,107
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: MEANWHILE,
THE MASSACHUSETTS BECAME KNOWN
838
00:40:09,140 --> 00:40:11,943
{\an7}\h\h\hAS A LUCKY SHIP,
AND WITH GOOD REASON.
839
00:40:11,976 --> 00:40:16,080
{\an7}A SHELL FROM THE JEAN BART
\h\h\hSCORED A DIRECT HIT.
840
00:40:16,114 --> 00:40:19,351
{\an7}\h\hKing: ABOVE US YOU CAN SEE
THE HOLE THAT THE SHELL MADE,
841
00:40:19,384 --> 00:40:22,153
{\an7}THE PATCH THAT WAS PUT ON IT,
\h\h\h\h\h\hIT WAS CUT OUT...
842
00:40:22,186 --> 00:40:23,821
{\an7}AND THE SHELL CAME IN
\h\h\h\h\hTHROUGH HERE
843
00:40:23,855 --> 00:40:26,157
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAND EXPLODED
IN THIS COMPARTMENT,
844
00:40:26,190 --> 00:40:27,692
{\an7}NOW, THERE WAS NOBODY
\hIN THIS COMPARTMENT
845
00:40:27,725 --> 00:40:30,161
{\an7}\h\h\hBECAUSE EVERYBODY
WAS AT ACTION STATIONS,
846
00:40:30,194 --> 00:40:31,495
{\an7}BUT IF WE LOOK AT THE DECK
847
00:40:31,529 --> 00:40:35,800
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWE CAN SEE DENTS
INTO THE 5.3-INCH STEEL DECK.
848
00:40:35,833 --> 00:40:37,635
{\an7}IN THE BULKHEADS OR WALLS,
849
00:40:37,802 --> 00:40:40,872
{\an7}\h\h\h\hWE CAN SEE PATCHES
THAT WERE DONE AT THE TIME
850
00:40:40,905 --> 00:40:44,842
{\an7}OF HOLES WHERE THE SPLINTERS
OF THE SHELL PUNCHED THROUGH
851
00:40:44,943 --> 00:40:46,445
{\an7}TO THE OTHER COMPARTMENTS.
852
00:40:46,544 --> 00:40:50,515
{\an7}VERY LUCKILY NOBODY WAS IN THIS
COMPARTMENT WHEN IT WENT OFF.
853
00:40:50,548 --> 00:40:52,483
{\an7}Narrator: THE SUCCESS
\hOF THE MASSACHUSETTS
854
00:40:52,517 --> 00:40:54,486
{\an7}AS AN OFFSHORE GUN BATTERY
855
00:40:54,519 --> 00:40:57,856
{\an7}\hBECAME THE BLUEPRINT
FOR OTHER BATTLESHIPS.
856
00:40:57,889 --> 00:41:01,459
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAMPHIBIOUS INVASIONS
IN THE PACIFIC AND ON D-DAY
857
00:41:01,559 --> 00:41:04,562
{\an7}WOULD SEE BATTLESHIPS
\h\hTAKING A NEW ROLE.
858
00:41:04,595 --> 00:41:06,430
{\an7}Hewitt: THEY’RE BEING USED
\h\hFOR SHORE BOMBARDMENT,
859
00:41:06,464 --> 00:41:10,802
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHEY’RE BEING USED AS
FLOATING ARTILLERY BY 1944, ’45.
860
00:41:10,835 --> 00:41:12,270
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hKing:
THE BATTLESHIPS ENGAGED MORE
861
00:41:12,370 --> 00:41:15,073
{\an7}IN SHIP-TO-SHORE OPERATIONS,
862
00:41:15,106 --> 00:41:17,241
{\an7}SORT OF SOFTENING UP
\h\h\h\hTHE ISLANDS,
863
00:41:17,342 --> 00:41:20,011
{\an7}SO THAT THE HEADS OF THE ENEMY
\h\h\h\h\h\hWOULD BE KEPT DOWN
864
00:41:20,178 --> 00:41:21,446
{\an7}SO THE MARINES COULD GO IN
865
00:41:21,612 --> 00:41:24,648
{\an7}AND LAND ON THE BEACHES,
\hRELATIVELY UNOPPOSED.
866
00:41:27,919 --> 00:41:31,723
{\an7}Narrator: OVER TWO WORLD WARS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND 30 YEARS,
867
00:41:31,756 --> 00:41:35,326
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHE BATTLESHIP HAS GONE
FROM BEING THE KEY NAVAL VESSEL
868
00:41:35,360 --> 00:41:38,063
{\an7}\h\h\hTO LITTLE MORE
THAN A SUPPORT ROLE.
869
00:41:38,096 --> 00:41:41,566
{\an7}SIZE, STRENGTH, AND FIREPOWER
870
00:41:41,599 --> 00:41:44,836
{\an7}\h\hHAVE BEEN USURPED
BY SPEED, TECHNOLOGY,
871
00:41:44,869 --> 00:41:49,407
{\an7}AND THE ABILITY TO WAGE WAR
ABOVE AND BELOW THE SURFACE.
872
00:41:49,440 --> 00:41:53,411
{\an7}\h\h\hIN WORLD WAR II A NEW
COMBAT SHIP WAS INTRODUCED,
873
00:41:53,444 --> 00:41:56,380
{\an7}ONE THAT WOULD REDEFINE
\h\h\h\hMODERN WARFARE--
874
00:41:56,414 --> 00:41:58,583
{\an7}THE AIRCRAFT CARRIER.
105553
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