Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
1
00:00:02,269 --> 00:00:04,271
{\an7}[MISSILE ROARS]
2
00:00:04,304 --> 00:00:07,541
{\an7}\h\h\hNarrator: FOR CENTURIES,
AN EXTRAORDINARY WAR HAS RAGED
3
00:00:07,574 --> 00:00:12,079
{\an7}ACROSS THE WORLD’S OCEANS,
ABOVE AND BELOW THE WAVES.
4
00:00:12,112 --> 00:00:14,681
{\an7}\hMan: YOU COULD KILL HUNDREDS
OF PEOPLE WITH ONE BROADSIDE.
5
00:00:14,715 --> 00:00:18,452
{\an7}THESE WERE EXTREMELY POWERFUL
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWAR MACHINES.
6
00:00:18,485 --> 00:00:21,555
{\an7}Narrator: SHIPBUILDERS DESIGNED
BIGGER AND FASTER VESSELS
7
00:00:21,588 --> 00:00:24,424
{\an7}TO OUTWIT AND CRUSH
\h\hTHEIR OPPONENTS.
8
00:00:24,458 --> 00:00:27,261
{\an7}Man: THAT NATION THAT HAS THE
MOST POWERFUL BATTLESHIP FLEET
9
00:00:27,294 --> 00:00:29,229
{\an7}CAN DESTROY THE ENEMY’S
\h\h\h\hBATTLESHIP FLEET
10
00:00:29,263 --> 00:00:30,931
{\an7}AND THEREFORE CONTROL THE SEAS,
11
00:00:31,031 --> 00:00:34,334
{\an7}AND IF YOU CONTROL THE SEAS,
\h\h\hYOU CONTROL THE WORLD.
12
00:00:34,368 --> 00:00:36,770
{\an7}Narrator: THEY CARRIED
\hTERRIFYING WEAPONS.
13
00:00:36,803 --> 00:00:38,204
{\an7}Man: THIS WAS GONNA BE
\h\h\h\hTHE FIRST TIME
14
00:00:38,238 --> 00:00:40,540
{\an7}THAT SOMEBODY HAD FIRED
\h\h\hA TORPEDO IN ANGER
15
00:00:40,574 --> 00:00:41,942
{\an7}SINCE WORLD WAR II.
16
00:00:42,142 --> 00:00:44,978
{\an7}THEY NEEDED TO GET IT RIGHT.
17
00:00:45,012 --> 00:00:47,181
{\an7}Narrator: BUT SHIPS
HAVE ALSO LIBERATED
18
00:00:47,347 --> 00:00:49,749
{\an7}AND RESCUED THOUSANDS.
19
00:00:49,783 --> 00:00:51,518
{\an7}Man: YOU COULD THINK
\h\h\h\hOF GERDA III
20
00:00:51,552 --> 00:00:54,422
{\an7}AS BASICALLY A LIFEBOAT FOR
PERSONS HUNTED BY THE NAZIS.
21
00:00:54,454 --> 00:00:56,690
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
AND INSPIRED MEN AND WOMEN
22
00:00:56,723 --> 00:00:58,625
{\an7}TO ACTS OF INCREDIBLE BRAVERY.
23
00:00:58,792 --> 00:01:01,895
{\an7}Man: I WILL TAKE YOU THERE NOW,
TO YOUR CANNONS,
24
00:01:01,929 --> 00:01:05,766
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO YOUR DEATH,
WE WILL SINK BEFORE SURRENDER.
25
00:01:05,799 --> 00:01:07,734
{\an7}Narrator: THESE VESSELS
\h\h\h\hAND THEIR CREWS
26
00:01:07,768 --> 00:01:10,037
{\an7}HAVE SHAPED WORLD HISTORY.
27
00:01:10,070 --> 00:01:13,540
{\an7}\hMan: AS THE COMMANDING OFFICER
OF A MISSILE-CARRYING SUBMARINE,
28
00:01:13,574 --> 00:01:16,010
{\an7}I WAS DIRECTLY RESPONSIBLE
29
00:01:16,243 --> 00:01:19,680
{\an7}FOR HELPING TO PREVENT
\h\h\h\hWORLD WAR III.
30
00:01:19,713 --> 00:01:21,348
{\an7}[MISSILE ROARS]
31
00:01:21,381 --> 00:01:24,918
{\an7}\h\h\hNarrator: THIS TIME,
THE UNDERWATER ARMS RACE--
32
00:01:24,952 --> 00:01:29,623
{\an7}HOW SUBMARINES WENT FROM BEING A
ONE-MAN-OPERATED FLOATING BARREL
33
00:01:29,656 --> 00:01:31,858
{\an7}TO SOPHISTICATED HUNTER-KILLERS
34
00:01:31,892 --> 00:01:35,229
{\an7}\hTHAT COULD CHANGE
THE COURSE OF A WAR.
35
00:01:35,262 --> 00:01:47,274
{\an7}♪
36
00:01:47,307 --> 00:01:59,019
{\an7}♪
37
00:01:59,052 --> 00:02:04,257
{\an7}OVER THE YEARS, WARSHIPS HAVE
BECOME LARGER AND MORE DEADLY.
38
00:02:04,291 --> 00:02:06,527
{\an7}BUT THEY’VE ALWAYS BEEN
\h\h\h\h\hSITTING DUCKS.
39
00:02:06,560 --> 00:02:09,830
{\an7}YOU DIDN’T NEED AN IMPRESSIVE
\h\h\h\h\hNAVY TO SINK A SHIP.
40
00:02:09,863 --> 00:02:13,667
{\an7}\hWHAT YOU NEEDED WAS A VESSEL
THAT COULD STRIKE UNDERWATER.
41
00:02:13,700 --> 00:02:15,068
{\an7}Man: THE GREAT THING
\hABOUT A SUBMARINE
42
00:02:15,102 --> 00:02:16,537
{\an7}IS THAT IT’S INVISIBLE.
43
00:02:16,570 --> 00:02:19,740
{\an7}YOU COULD ATTACK SHIPS
\hSECRETLY, COVERTLY.
44
00:02:19,773 --> 00:02:22,075
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE SUBMARINE IS
THE ULTIMATE STEALTH PLATFORM.
45
00:02:22,109 --> 00:02:24,044
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hIT CAN USE
UNDERWATER EXPLOSIVES.
46
00:02:24,077 --> 00:02:25,679
{\an7}\h\h\hDON’T MAKE HOLES
IN THE TOP OF A SHIP;
47
00:02:25,712 --> 00:02:27,080
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMAKE HOLES
IN THE BOTTOM OF A SHIP,
48
00:02:27,114 --> 00:02:28,649
{\an7}’CAUSE THEN THE SHIP WILL SINK.
49
00:02:28,682 --> 00:02:31,518
{\an7}\h\h\h\hNarrator: THE SUBMARINE
HAS PROVEN ITSELF TO BE CAPABLE
50
00:02:31,551 --> 00:02:34,754
{\an7}\h\hOF REMARKABLE FEATS
OF ENDURANCE AND SPEED.
51
00:02:34,788 --> 00:02:36,790
{\an7}Man: THE SHIP WAS ACTUALLY
\h\h\hSO FAST AT THE TIME
52
00:02:36,823 --> 00:02:39,059
{\an7}THAT THIS PORTION AS WELL
AS SEVERAL OTHER PORTIONS
53
00:02:39,092 --> 00:02:40,694
{\an7}WERE ACTUALLY RIPPED
\h\h\hOFF THE DECK.
54
00:02:40,727 --> 00:02:42,762
{\an7}WE’D NEVER BEFORE HAD
\hA SUBMARINE CAPABLE
55
00:02:42,796 --> 00:02:45,165
{\an7}OF THIS KIND OF FORCE AND POWER.
56
00:02:45,198 --> 00:02:50,070
{\an7}\h\h\hNarrator: AND ALSO TO BE
A TERRIFYING KILLING MACHINE.
57
00:02:50,103 --> 00:02:52,939
{\an7}DECEMBER 7, 1941.
58
00:02:52,973 --> 00:02:54,508
{\an7}PEARL HARBOR.
59
00:02:54,541 --> 00:02:56,943
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hALMOST 20
UNITED STATES NAVY VESSELS
60
00:02:56,977 --> 00:03:00,514
{\an7}WERE LOST THAT HISTORIC
\h\h\h\hSUNDAY MORNING.
61
00:03:00,547 --> 00:03:02,549
{\an7}ONE THAT MANAGED TO ESCAPE
62
00:03:02,582 --> 00:03:06,619
{\an7}WAS A LIGHT CRUISER NAMED
\h\h\h\h\hTHE USS PHOENIX.
63
00:03:06,653 --> 00:03:10,724
{\an7}AMAZINGLY, SHE WAS UNHARMED.
64
00:03:10,757 --> 00:03:14,561
{\an7}\h\h\h\h41 YEARS LATER,
HER LUCK WOULD RUN OUT.
65
00:03:14,594 --> 00:03:17,964
{\an7}SOLD TO THE ARGENTINE NAVY
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND RENAMED,
66
00:03:17,998 --> 00:03:21,101
{\an7}\h\h\hSHE WOULD BE STALKED BY
A BRITISH ROYAL NAVY SUBMARINE
67
00:03:21,134 --> 00:03:22,936
{\an7}AND SUNK.
68
00:03:22,969 --> 00:03:26,439
{\an7}HER LOSS WOULD MAKE HEADLINES
\h\h\h\h\h\hAROUND THE WORLD.
69
00:03:28,508 --> 00:03:31,144
{\an7}ON APRIL 2, 1982,
70
00:03:31,178 --> 00:03:35,616
{\an7}ARGENTINA’S MILITARY GOVERNMENT
INVADED THE FALKLAND ISLANDS,
71
00:03:35,649 --> 00:03:38,685
{\an7}300 MILES OFF THE COAST
\h\h\h\hOF SOUTH AMERICA
72
00:03:38,719 --> 00:03:43,290
{\an7}AND UNDER BRITISH CONTROL
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hSINCE 1833.
73
00:03:43,323 --> 00:03:44,791
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hStuart Prebble:
IT’S PROBABLY HARD TO REALIZE
74
00:03:44,825 --> 00:03:46,860
{\an7}FOR PEOPLE WHO WEREN’T AROUND
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAT THE TIME
75
00:03:46,893 --> 00:03:49,763
{\an7}THE SIZE OF THE SHOCK
\hWHEN PEOPLE WOKE UP
76
00:03:49,996 --> 00:03:52,499
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND LEARNED
THAT THE ARGENTINIANS
77
00:03:52,532 --> 00:03:53,933
{\an7}HAD INVADED THE FALKLANDS.
78
00:03:53,967 --> 00:03:56,870
{\an7}AND THEN THE NEWS STARTED
\h\h\h\h\hSHOWING COVERAGE
79
00:03:56,903 --> 00:04:01,107
{\an7}\h\h\hOF ARGENTINIAN SOLDIERS
STANDING OVER BRITISH SOLDIERS
80
00:04:01,141 --> 00:04:02,843
{\an7}LYING FLAT ON THE GROUND.
81
00:04:02,876 --> 00:04:05,545
{\an7}IT WAS TAKEN VERY,
\hVERY SERIOUSLY.
82
00:04:05,579 --> 00:04:08,449
{\an7}\h\hNarrator: IN RESPONSE,
BRITAIN SENT A TASK FORCE
83
00:04:08,482 --> 00:04:12,252
{\an7}COMPRISED OF 100 VESSELS.
84
00:04:12,285 --> 00:04:16,956
{\an7}A 200-MILE EXCLUSION ZONE WAS
\hSET UP AROUND THE FALKLANDS.
85
00:04:16,990 --> 00:04:20,260
{\an7}THE GOVERNMENT DECLARED,
\h"ANY ARGENTINE WARSHIP
86
00:04:20,293 --> 00:04:21,761
{\an7}FOUND WITHIN THIS ZONE
87
00:04:21,795 --> 00:04:23,463
{\an7}WILL BE TREATED AS HOSTILE
88
00:04:23,497 --> 00:04:24,765
{\an7}AND LIABLE TO BE ATTACKED
89
00:04:24,798 --> 00:04:27,000
{\an7}BY BRITISH FORCES."
90
00:04:28,835 --> 00:04:32,005
{\an7}THE NUCLEAR SUBMARINE
\h\h\h\hHMS CONQUEROR
91
00:04:32,172 --> 00:04:34,474
{\an7}WAS PART OF THE TASK FORCE.
92
00:04:34,508 --> 00:04:37,644
{\an7}\h\h\hIT WAS ORDERED TO SAIL TO
AN AREA CLOSE TO THE FALKLANDS,
93
00:04:37,677 --> 00:04:39,746
{\an7}WHERE THE WARSHIP
\hGENERAL BELGRANO
94
00:04:39,780 --> 00:04:42,316
{\an7}WAS BELIEVED TO BE SAILING.
95
00:04:42,349 --> 00:04:44,484
{\an7}AS THE FORMER USS PHOENIX,
96
00:04:44,518 --> 00:04:47,187
{\an7}BELGRANO HAD SURVIVED
\h\h\h\hPEARL HARBOR.
97
00:04:47,220 --> 00:04:49,589
{\an7}BUT THIS WAS A NEW TYPE OF WAR.
98
00:04:49,623 --> 00:04:52,960
{\an7}Eric Grove: THE GENERAL BELGRANO
WAS A...A RATHER OLD
99
00:04:52,993 --> 00:04:55,762
{\an7}BUT STILL MODERATELY CAPABLE
\h\h\h\hARGENTINIAN CRUISER
100
00:04:55,796 --> 00:04:58,098
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hESCORTED BY TWO
MISSILE-EQUIPPED DESTROYERS.
101
00:04:58,131 --> 00:05:03,470
{\an7}IT WAS PART OF A PLANNED ATTACK
ON THE BRITISH TASK GROUPS.
102
00:05:03,503 --> 00:05:06,706
{\an7}Narrator: HMS CONQUEROR,
\h\h\hNICKNAMED "CONKS,"
103
00:05:06,740 --> 00:05:10,043
{\an7}WAS A CHURCHILL-CLASS
\h\hNUCLEAR SUBMARINE.
104
00:05:10,076 --> 00:05:19,185
{\an7}♪
105
00:05:19,219 --> 00:05:21,354
{\an7}ON APRIL 30th, HER SONAR
106
00:05:21,388 --> 00:05:25,125
{\an7}DETECTED A GROUP OF SHIPS
\h\h\h\h\h100 MILES AWAY.
107
00:05:25,158 --> 00:05:27,494
{\an7}THE CONQUEROR TOOK OFF
\h\h\h\h\hIN PURSUIT.
108
00:05:27,694 --> 00:05:30,297
{\an7}\h\hTHE FOLLOWING DAY,
THE SHIPS WERE LOCATED
109
00:05:30,330 --> 00:05:32,799
{\an7}JUST OUTSIDE THE EXCLUSION ZONE.
110
00:05:32,833 --> 00:05:37,438
{\an7}\h\hTHE CONQUEROR’S NAVIGATOR,
NARENDRA SETHIA, KEPT A DIARY.
111
00:05:37,470 --> 00:05:39,505
{\an7}Narendra Sethia: THERE IS
ONE CRUISER, THE BELGRANO,
112
00:05:39,639 --> 00:05:41,841
{\an7}TWO DESTROYERS AND AN OILER.
113
00:05:41,875 --> 00:05:44,911
{\an7}WE CAUGHT THEM IN THE MIDDLE
\hOF A REPLENISHMENT AT SEA,
114
00:05:44,945 --> 00:05:47,481
{\an7}WHICH WOULD HAVE MADE
\h\h\hA SUPERB TARGET,
115
00:05:47,514 --> 00:05:51,118
{\an7}BUT UNFORTUNATELY THEY WERE
SOUTH OF THE EXCLUSION ZONE.
116
00:05:51,151 --> 00:05:54,054
{\an7}Prebble: THE SAFEST PLACE
\hFOR THE SUBMARINE TO BE
117
00:05:54,087 --> 00:05:58,692
{\an7}IN ORDER TO FOLLOW THE BELGRANO
AND REMAIN UNDETECTED
118
00:05:58,725 --> 00:06:00,660
{\an7}IS DIRECTLY BENEATH HER.
119
00:06:00,694 --> 00:06:05,899
{\an7}SO FOR MANY OF THE 13 HOURS
\h\hOR SO BEFORE THE ATTACK,
120
00:06:05,932 --> 00:06:10,637
{\an7}CONQUEROR IS ACTUALLY 150 FEET
\h\h\h\h\hBELOW THE BELGRANO,
121
00:06:10,670 --> 00:06:13,806
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWHICH IS
A KIND OF SINISTER THOUGHT.
122
00:06:13,840 --> 00:06:16,076
{\an7}Narrator: AT 5 A.M. ON MAY 2nd,
123
00:06:16,109 --> 00:06:18,645
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHE BELGRANO
AND HER SMALL FLOTILLA
124
00:06:18,678 --> 00:06:23,483
{\an7}RECEIVED A MESSAGE TO RETURN
\hTO THEIR BASE AT USHUAIA.
125
00:06:23,516 --> 00:06:25,151
{\an7}THERE’S BEEN MUCH DEBATE
126
00:06:25,185 --> 00:06:29,056
{\an7}WHETHER THE BRITISH INTERCEPTED
THIS SIGNAL.
127
00:06:29,089 --> 00:06:30,691
{\an7}WHAT ISN’T DISPUTED
128
00:06:30,724 --> 00:06:34,127
{\an7}IS THAT THE BRITISH TASK FORCE
\h\hCOMMANDER, SANDY WOODWARD,
129
00:06:34,160 --> 00:06:40,033
{\an7}\hWAS DEEPLY CONCERNED ABOUT
A POSSIBLE ARGENTINE ATTACK.
130
00:06:40,066 --> 00:06:41,868
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hGrove: AS FAR AS
ADMIRAL WOODWARD WAS CONCERNED,
131
00:06:41,902 --> 00:06:43,470
{\an7}HE WAS STILL IN GREAT DANGER,
132
00:06:43,503 --> 00:06:45,572
{\an7}AND THAT DANGER WOULD BE
\hSIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED
133
00:06:45,605 --> 00:06:48,541
{\an7}\hIF THE BELGRANO GROUP
WAS WIPED OFF THE SLATE.
134
00:06:48,575 --> 00:06:51,344
{\an7}\h\h\h\hNarrator: PRIME MINISTER
MARGARET THATCHER’S WAR CABINET
135
00:06:51,378 --> 00:06:55,015
{\an7}MET TO CONSIDER THE REQUEST
\h\h\hTO SINK THE BELGRANO.
136
00:06:55,048 --> 00:06:56,883
{\an7}PERMISSION WAS GIVEN.
137
00:06:56,917 --> 00:06:59,319
{\an7}Prebble: THE SIGNAL THEN WENT
\h\h\h\h\h\hTO THE CONQUEROR,
138
00:06:59,352 --> 00:07:00,653
{\an7}"SINK THE BELGRANO."
139
00:07:00,687 --> 00:07:03,957
{\an7}THE CAPTAIN VERY CALMLY
\hANNOUNCED TO THE CREW
140
00:07:03,990 --> 00:07:06,526
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWE’RE GOING TO GO
TO ACTION STATIONS AFTER LUNCH.
141
00:07:06,559 --> 00:07:09,529
{\an7}\h\h\hTHEY HAD ROAST PORK
AND APPLE PIE AND CRUMBLE
142
00:07:09,562 --> 00:07:10,596
{\an7}FOR THEIR LUNCH...
143
00:07:10,630 --> 00:07:11,865
{\an7}[KLAXON HORN]
144
00:07:11,898 --> 00:07:14,667
{\an7}AND THEN THEY MOVED IN
\h\h\hON THE BELGRANO.
145
00:07:14,701 --> 00:07:16,870
{\an7}[KLAXON HORN BLARING]
146
00:07:16,903 --> 00:07:19,205
{\an7}Sethia: THIS AFTERNOON
I KNEW WHAT FEAR WAS.
147
00:07:19,239 --> 00:07:21,508
{\an7}AT 1400 WE RECEIVED A SIGN
148
00:07:21,541 --> 00:07:24,244
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAUTHORIZING US
TO SINK THE BELGRANO,
149
00:07:24,277 --> 00:07:27,881
{\an7}EVEN THOUGH IT WAS OUTSIDE
\h\h\hTHE EXCLUSION ZONE.
150
00:07:27,914 --> 00:07:29,916
{\an7}Prebble: THEIR IDEA IS THAT
\h\h\hTHEY’RE GOING TO FIRE
151
00:07:29,950 --> 00:07:33,187
{\an7}THREE TORPEDOES IN A SLIGHT FAN
152
00:07:33,219 --> 00:07:35,955
{\an7}SO THAT THEY’VE GOT
\hTHE MAXIMUM CHANCE
153
00:07:35,989 --> 00:07:39,059
{\an7}OF HITTING THE BELGRANO
\h\h\h\hAS IT GOES PAST.
154
00:07:39,092 --> 00:07:41,227
{\an7}CAPTAIN WREFORD-BROWN SAYS FIRE.
155
00:07:41,261 --> 00:07:43,463
{\an7}HE WAS A QUIETLY SPOKEN MAN,
156
00:07:43,496 --> 00:07:46,666
{\an7}AND NOBODY HAD EVER HEARD HIM
\h\hSPEAK THIS LOUDLY BEFORE.
157
00:07:46,700 --> 00:07:48,068
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hSethia:
THE ATMOSPHERE WAS ELECTRIC
158
00:07:48,101 --> 00:07:49,836
{\an7}AS THE SECONDS TICKED AWAY.
159
00:07:49,869 --> 00:07:53,906
{\an7}\h43 SECONDS AFTER DISCHARGE,
WE HEARD THE FIRST EXPLOSION,
160
00:07:53,940 --> 00:07:55,875
{\an7}FOLLOWED BY TWO MORE--
161
00:07:55,909 --> 00:07:58,612
{\an7}THREE HITS FROM THREE WEAPONS.
162
00:07:58,645 --> 00:08:00,847
{\an7}\hTHE CONTROL ROOM
WAS IN AN UPROAR,
163
00:08:00,880 --> 00:08:03,282
{\an7}30 PEOPLE SHOUTING AND CHEERING.
164
00:08:03,383 --> 00:08:05,685
{\an7}Narrator: THE FIRST TORPEDO
\h\h\h\hMISSED THE BELGRANO
165
00:08:05,719 --> 00:08:09,289
{\an7}AND HIT ONE OF THE DESTROYERS,
\h\h\h\hBUT FAILED TO EXPLODE.
166
00:08:09,322 --> 00:08:12,091
{\an7}\h\hTHE SECOND TORPEDO
HIT THE BELGRANO’S BOW
167
00:08:12,125 --> 00:08:13,827
{\an7}JUST BELOW THE DINING HALL.
168
00:08:13,860 --> 00:08:16,429
{\an7}THE THIRD HIT HER STERN.
169
00:08:16,463 --> 00:08:18,198
{\an7}Sethia: WE WILL NEVER FORGET
\h\h\h\h\hHEARING THE SOUND
170
00:08:18,231 --> 00:08:20,033
{\an7}OF THE BELGRANO BREAKING UP.
171
00:08:20,066 --> 00:08:25,405
{\an7}[BELL RINGING, ALARM BUZZING]
172
00:08:25,438 --> 00:08:29,242
{\an7}\h\hTHE SOUND WAS LIKE
THE TINKLING OF GLASS
173
00:08:29,275 --> 00:08:33,613
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hFROM A HUGE CHANDELIER
THAT HAS CRASHED TO THE GROUND.
174
00:08:33,646 --> 00:08:37,049
{\an7}Narrator: 290 SAILORS
WERE KILLED INSTANTLY.
175
00:08:37,083 --> 00:08:41,421
{\an7}ANOTHER 33 PERISHED IN THE WATER
OR IN THE LIFE RAFTS.
176
00:08:41,454 --> 00:08:43,623
{\an7}Sethia: WE CAN’T GO BACK
\h\h\hAND APOLOGIZE NOW.
177
00:08:43,656 --> 00:08:44,957
{\an7}IT’S TOO LATE.
178
00:08:44,991 --> 00:08:47,560
{\an7}I WONDER HOW MANY DIED.
179
00:08:47,594 --> 00:08:51,965
{\an7}\h\h\hI WONDER, EVEN MORE,
WHAT THE REACTION WILL BE?
180
00:08:51,998 --> 00:08:53,933
{\an7}\h\hPrebble: I THINK THE GENERAL
REACTION IN BRITAIN AT THE TIME
181
00:08:53,967 --> 00:08:55,569
{\an7}WAS JUBILATION,
182
00:08:55,735 --> 00:08:59,872
{\an7}BUT IF YOU READ THE MEMOIRS
\hOF A LOT OF NAVAL OFFICERS
183
00:08:59,906 --> 00:09:01,708
{\an7}WHO WERE ON THE SCENE
\h\h\h\h\hAT THE TIME,
184
00:09:01,741 --> 00:09:04,477
{\an7}QUITE A LOT OF THEM
\h\h\hARE CONCERNED
185
00:09:04,511 --> 00:09:07,114
{\an7}THAT PLAINLY THERE WILL BE
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hRETALIATION
186
00:09:07,147 --> 00:09:11,818
{\an7}\h\hAND AN ALL-OUT WAR IS FROM
THAT POINT REALLY UNAVOIDABLE.
187
00:09:11,851 --> 00:09:14,954
{\an7}AND THAT’S EXACTLY
\hWHAT DID HAPPEN.
188
00:09:14,988 --> 00:09:17,090
{\an7}Narrator: THE BRITISH RETOOK
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE FALKLANDS,
189
00:09:17,123 --> 00:09:20,493
{\an7}BUT AT GREAT COST TO BOTH SIDES.
190
00:09:20,527 --> 00:09:22,596
{\an7}AFTER AN UNEVENTFUL VOYAGE,
191
00:09:22,629 --> 00:09:25,732
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hHMS CONQUEROR,
FLYING THE JOLLY ROGER--
192
00:09:25,765 --> 00:09:28,701
{\an7}\hTHE SIGNAL OF A SUCCESSFUL
ENGAGEMENT WITH THE ENEMY--
193
00:09:28,735 --> 00:09:33,440
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hRETURNED HOME
TO FASLANE SUBMARINE BASE.
194
00:09:33,473 --> 00:09:36,076
{\an7}ALTHOUGH THE CONQUEROR DISPLAYED
MANY OF THE HALLMARKS
195
00:09:36,109 --> 00:09:37,811
{\an7}OF THE MODERN SUBMARINE,
196
00:09:37,844 --> 00:09:40,013
{\an7}SHE WAS, IN FACT,
\hTHE CULMINATION
197
00:09:40,046 --> 00:09:42,215
{\an7}OF 200 YEARS OF HARD WORK
198
00:09:42,248 --> 00:09:47,086
{\an7}BY INGENIOUS DESIGNERS
\h\h\h\hAND ENGINEERS.
199
00:09:47,120 --> 00:09:50,590
{\an7}THOSE PIONEERING SUBMARINE CREWS
WERE WELL AWARE
200
00:09:50,623 --> 00:09:54,293
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHEY WERE ALWAYS JUST
A FEW SECONDS FROM SUDDEN DEATH.
201
00:09:56,229 --> 00:09:58,298
{\an7}WARSHIPS HAVE ALWAYS
\h\hBEEN VULNERABLE
202
00:09:58,331 --> 00:10:00,266
{\an7}TO ATTACK FROM BELOW.
203
00:10:00,300 --> 00:10:05,172
{\an7}THE QUESTION WAS, JUST HOW COULD
YOU MAKE AN EFFECTIVE SUBMARINE?
204
00:10:05,205 --> 00:10:08,175
{\an7}THE HUNT BEGAN IN EARNEST
\h\h\hIN THE 18th CENTURY,
205
00:10:08,208 --> 00:10:12,045
{\an7}\h\h\hAS THE NEW WORLD FOUGHT
FOR INDEPENDENCE FROM THE OLD.
206
00:10:18,051 --> 00:10:20,387
{\an7}THIS IS A REPLICA OF THE TURTLE,
207
00:10:20,420 --> 00:10:22,756
{\an7}\h\h\hTHOUGHT BY SOME TO BE
THE WORLD’S FIRST SUBMARINE
208
00:10:22,789 --> 00:10:25,091
{\an7}TO ATTACK A WARSHIP.
209
00:10:25,125 --> 00:10:27,494
{\an7}IT WAS BUILT IN 1775
210
00:10:27,527 --> 00:10:31,664
{\an7}BY A YOUNG AMERICAN ENGINEER
\h\h\hNAMED DAVID BUSHNELL.
211
00:10:31,698 --> 00:10:41,341
{\an7}♪
212
00:10:41,374 --> 00:10:43,943
{\an7}THE UNITED STATES WAS AT WAR
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWITH BRITAIN,
213
00:10:43,977 --> 00:10:47,347
{\an7}AND BUSHNELL WAS CONVINCED
\hHIS REVOLUTIONARY DESIGN
214
00:10:47,380 --> 00:10:52,085
{\an7}COULD BE USED EFFECTIVELY
\hAGAINST THE ROYAL NAVY.
215
00:10:52,118 --> 00:10:57,457
{\an7}THE SUBMARINE WAS MADE OF OAK,
\hREINFORCED WITH IRON BANDS.
216
00:10:57,490 --> 00:11:00,760
{\an7}ITS ONE-MAN CREW PEDALED
\h\h\h\hTO MOVE FORWARDS
217
00:11:00,793 --> 00:11:05,331
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND TURNED A HANDLE
TO OPERATE THE TOP PROPELLER.
218
00:11:05,365 --> 00:11:07,868
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAT THE BOTTOM
WERE TWO BALLAST TANKS
219
00:11:07,901 --> 00:11:11,505
{\an7}\h\h\hTHAT FILLED WITH WATER
TO MAKE THE TURTLE SUBMERGE
220
00:11:11,538 --> 00:11:15,475
{\an7}\hAND A PUMP TO EMPTY THEM
AND RISE TO THE SURFACE--
221
00:11:15,508 --> 00:11:19,879
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hA FEATURE OF ALL
FUTURE SUBMARINE DESIGNS.
222
00:11:19,913 --> 00:11:21,882
{\an7}Grove: IN MODERN PARLANCE
I THINK IT WOULD BE CALLED
223
00:11:21,915 --> 00:11:24,885
{\an7}A ONE-MAN MIDGET SUBMARINE,
224
00:11:24,918 --> 00:11:29,289
{\an7}DESIGNED TO LAY CHARGES
\h\h\hUNDER ENEMY SHIPS.
225
00:11:29,322 --> 00:11:30,557
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
THE TURTLE WAS EQUIPPED
226
00:11:30,590 --> 00:11:32,859
{\an7}WITH A DETACHABLE DRILL BIT.
227
00:11:32,892 --> 00:11:35,261
{\an7}ONCE IT HAD PENETRATED
\h\hTHE ENEMY’S HULL,
228
00:11:35,295 --> 00:11:36,963
{\an7}THE TURTLE WOULD MOVE AWAY,
229
00:11:36,996 --> 00:11:39,265
{\an7}\h\h\hLEAVING BEHIND
AN EXPLOSIVE CHARGE
230
00:11:39,299 --> 00:11:42,903
{\an7}\h\hWITH A BUILT-IN
CLOCKWORK DETONATOR.
231
00:11:43,036 --> 00:11:46,006
{\an7}THE LEGEND IS THAT IN 1776,
232
00:11:46,039 --> 00:11:48,141
{\an7}A SOLDIER NAMED EZRA LEE
233
00:11:48,174 --> 00:11:50,543
{\an7}\h\hVOLUNTEERED TO DISRUPT
THE ROYAL NAVY’S BLOCKADE
234
00:11:50,710 --> 00:11:52,245
{\an7}OF NEW YORK HARBOR.
235
00:11:52,278 --> 00:11:53,446
{\an7}THE PLAN WAS TO CROSS
236
00:11:53,479 --> 00:11:55,348
{\an7}THE EAST RIVER IN THE TURTLE
237
00:11:55,381 --> 00:11:56,582
{\an7}AND PLACE AN EXPLOSIVE
238
00:11:56,616 --> 00:11:59,953
{\an7}UNDER HMS EAGLE’S HULL.
239
00:11:59,986 --> 00:12:01,688
{\an7}BUT THE SCREW DEVICE
\hCOULDN’T PENETRATE
240
00:12:01,921 --> 00:12:03,823
{\an7}THE HULL’S COPPER SHEETING.
241
00:12:03,856 --> 00:12:07,293
{\an7}\h\h\h\hIT’S A STORY
FEW EXPERTS BELIEVE.
242
00:12:07,327 --> 00:12:08,595
{\an7}\h\h\hBob Mealings:
THIS WOULD HAVE BEEN
243
00:12:08,628 --> 00:12:11,331
{\an7}A BIG, HEAVY CYLINDRICAL
\h\h\h\h\hWOODEN BARREL
244
00:12:11,364 --> 00:12:13,132
{\an7}WITH NO HYDRODYNAMIC PROPERTIES
245
00:12:13,299 --> 00:12:15,535
{\an7}\h\hTHAT YOU WOULD TYPICALLY
ASSOCIATE WITH A SUBMARINE.
246
00:12:15,568 --> 00:12:17,437
{\an7}SO I THINK THE PHYSICAL EFFORT
247
00:12:17,470 --> 00:12:20,440
{\an7}OF ACTUALLY MOVING NO MORE
\hTHAN A FEW HUNDRED YARDS
248
00:12:20,473 --> 00:12:21,841
{\an7}WOULD HAVE BEEN ACTUALLY
\h\h\h\hQUITE ENORMOUS.
249
00:12:21,874 --> 00:12:23,909
{\an7}WHILST ATTEMPTS MAY HAVE BEEN
\h\h\hMADE TO ATTACK WARSHIPS,
250
00:12:23,943 --> 00:12:25,945
{\an7}\h\h\h\hI RATHER SUSPECT
THE ATTACK ON THE EAGLE
251
00:12:25,979 --> 00:12:29,082
{\an7}MIGHT HAVE BEEN WISHFUL THINKING
RATHER THAN THE ACTUAL.
252
00:12:29,115 --> 00:12:32,085
{\an7}Narrator: THE TURTLE HAD SHOWN
\h\hTHAT A PRIMITIVE SUBMARINE
253
00:12:32,118 --> 00:12:36,889
{\an7}HAD THE POTENTIAL TO DAMAGE
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAN ENEMY SHIP.
254
00:12:37,056 --> 00:12:39,959
{\an7}IT WOULD TAKE ANOTHER CONFLICT
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hON AMERICAN SOIL
255
00:12:40,059 --> 00:12:42,528
{\an7}TO ENCOURAGE A FURTHER
\h\h\hSIGNIFICANT LEAP
256
00:12:42,562 --> 00:12:45,598
{\an7}IN SUBMARINE DESIGN.
257
00:12:45,665 --> 00:12:48,234
{\an7}THE CIVIL WAR INVOLVED
\h\h\h\hBLOODY BATTLES
258
00:12:48,268 --> 00:12:50,537
{\an7}AND GREAT TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE.
259
00:12:50,703 --> 00:12:53,639
{\an7}\h\h\hTHERE WERE DEVELOPMENTS
IN WEAPONRY AND TRANSPORTATION
260
00:12:53,773 --> 00:12:56,276
{\an7}AND ALSO INNOVATION AT SEA.
261
00:12:56,309 --> 00:12:58,545
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hWITHIN DAYS
OF THE OUTBREAK OF WAR,
262
00:12:58,578 --> 00:13:00,413
{\an7}THE UNION FORCES OF THE NORTH
263
00:13:00,446 --> 00:13:03,149
{\an7}ESTABLISHED A BLOCKADE
OF CONFEDERATE PORTS,
264
00:13:03,182 --> 00:13:06,452
{\an7}KNOWN AS THE ANACONDA PLAN.
265
00:13:06,486 --> 00:13:09,589
{\an7}IT AIMED TO CRIPPLE TRADE
\hIN COTTON AND MUNITIONS.
266
00:13:09,622 --> 00:13:14,293
{\an7}\h\h\h\hIN RESPONSE, THE SOUTH
DEVISED AN INGENIOUS STRATEGY.
267
00:13:14,327 --> 00:13:17,831
{\an7}Grove: THEY WERE LOOKING FOR NEW
WAYS TO EXPLOIT TECHNOLOGY
268
00:13:17,864 --> 00:13:20,300
{\an7}TO ACTUALLY MOUNT ATTACKS
\h\hON THE SUPERIOR FLEET
269
00:13:20,333 --> 00:13:24,370
{\an7}\hTHAT WAS INFLICTING A LOT
OF ECONOMIC DAMAGE ON THEM.
270
00:13:24,537 --> 00:13:27,240
{\an7}Narrator: A GROUP OF SOUTHERN
\h\hBUSINESSMEN AND ENGINEERS,
271
00:13:27,273 --> 00:13:29,776
{\an7}LED BY 40-YEAR-OLD H.L. HUNLEY,
272
00:13:29,809 --> 00:13:32,779
{\an7}EXPERIMENTED WITH SUBMARINES
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN ALABAMA.
273
00:13:32,879 --> 00:13:35,648
{\an7}THEIR GREATEST SUCCESS
\hWAS A 30-FOOT VESSEL
274
00:13:35,682 --> 00:13:38,118
{\an7}NAMED THE FISH BOAT.
275
00:13:38,151 --> 00:13:39,919
{\an7}\hATTEMPTS TO USE
ELECTRIC BATTERIES
276
00:13:39,952 --> 00:13:42,154
{\an7}AND STEAM POWER HAD FAILED.
277
00:13:42,422 --> 00:13:45,558
{\an7}THEY NOW RELIED ON SOMETHING
\h\h\h\hMORE OLD-FASHIONED.
278
00:13:45,591 --> 00:13:47,159
{\an7}Grove: IT WAS THE MOST DEVELOPED
279
00:13:47,260 --> 00:13:49,963
{\an7}\h\h\hOF WHAT YOU MIGHT CALL
THE MAN-POWERED SUBMARINES--
280
00:13:49,996 --> 00:13:53,666
{\an7}THE SUBMARINES THAT RELIED
\h\h\h\h\hON HUMAN POWER.
281
00:13:53,700 --> 00:13:55,235
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
THE FISH BOAT WAS OPERATED
282
00:13:55,268 --> 00:13:58,204
{\an7}BY EIGHT MEN TURNING
\hA PROPELLER SHAFT.
283
00:13:58,237 --> 00:14:01,741
{\an7}IT HAD TWO BALLAST TANKS--
\h\h\h\hONE AT EITHER END.
284
00:14:01,774 --> 00:14:04,477
{\an7}AND ALONG THE KEEL, A WEIGHT
\h\h\hTHAT COULD BE DETACHED
285
00:14:04,510 --> 00:14:07,246
{\an7}FOR EMERGENCY BUOYANCY.
286
00:14:07,447 --> 00:14:09,149
{\an7}NEWS OF THE SUBMARINE
\h\h\h\h\hMADE ITS WAY
287
00:14:09,349 --> 00:14:11,184
{\an7}TO CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA,
288
00:14:11,217 --> 00:14:13,886
{\an7}THE CONFEDERATE ARMY’S
\h\h\h\hBIGGEST PORT.
289
00:14:13,920 --> 00:14:17,424
{\an7}\h\hTHE SOUTH WANTED TO ATTACH
AN EXPLOSIVE TO THE FISH BOAT
290
00:14:17,457 --> 00:14:20,927
{\an7}AND BLOW UP THE UNION’S SHIPS.
291
00:14:20,960 --> 00:14:23,896
{\an7}John Quarstein: DURING 1863,
292
00:14:23,930 --> 00:14:27,167
{\an7}PIERRE GUSTAVE TOUTANT
\h\h\h\h\h\hBEAUREGARD
293
00:14:27,200 --> 00:14:30,503
{\an7}WAS IN COMMAND OF THE DEFENSES
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF CHARLESTON,
294
00:14:30,536 --> 00:14:32,338
{\an7}AND HE WANTED TO DO
EVERYTHING HE COULD
295
00:14:32,605 --> 00:14:35,475
{\an7}TO TRY AND BREAK THROUGH
\hTHE BLOCKADING FLEET.
296
00:14:35,508 --> 00:14:38,244
{\an7}\h\hNarrator: DURING TRIALS,
THE SUBMARINE’S CREW CLAIMED
297
00:14:38,277 --> 00:14:41,313
{\an7}\hTHEY SURFACED SO CLOSE
TO THE BLOCKADING SHIPS
298
00:14:41,347 --> 00:14:43,883
{\an7}\h\hTHEY COULD HEAR
THE SAILORS SINGING.
299
00:14:43,916 --> 00:14:46,652
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hHOWEVER,
THE FISH BOAT SANK TWICE
300
00:14:46,686 --> 00:14:49,355
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND A TOTAL OF
13 CREW MEMBERS DROWNED,
301
00:14:49,522 --> 00:14:52,458
{\an7}INCLUDING THE DESIGNER,
\h\h\h\h\h\hH.L. HUNLEY.
302
00:14:52,492 --> 00:14:55,662
{\an7}THE SUB WAS NAMED AFTER HIM.
303
00:14:55,695 --> 00:15:00,266
{\an7}UNDETERRED, A NEW VOLUNTEER CREW
WAS FOUND AND A PLAN DEVISED
304
00:15:00,466 --> 00:15:04,337
{\an7}TO SINK THE USS HOUSATONIC,
\h\hANCHORED OFF CHARLESTON.
305
00:15:04,370 --> 00:15:05,838
{\an7}IT WAS A KEY VESSEL
306
00:15:05,872 --> 00:15:08,041
{\an7}IN THE NORTH’S BLOCKADE
\h\h\h\h\hOF THE HARBOR.
307
00:15:08,074 --> 00:15:09,442
{\an7}Grove: THE HOUSATONIC WAS
308
00:15:09,475 --> 00:15:11,344
{\an7}\hQUITE A SIGNIFICANT
AMERICAN SURFACE SHIP.
309
00:15:11,544 --> 00:15:13,880
{\an7}AND AFTER INITIAL FAILURES
310
00:15:13,913 --> 00:15:17,049
{\an7}THEY MANAGED TO GET THE HUNLEY
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hINTO POSITION.
311
00:15:17,083 --> 00:15:18,751
{\an7}IT SORT OF PADDLED
\hITS WAY FORWARD
312
00:15:18,785 --> 00:15:21,221
{\an7}WITH THE MEN INSIDE
\hWORKING VERY HARD.
313
00:15:21,254 --> 00:15:24,190
{\an7}THESE EARLY BOATS WERE ARMED
\h\h\h\hWITH SPAR TORPEDOES,
314
00:15:24,223 --> 00:15:25,758
{\an7}\h\h\hAND THERE’S A SPAR
POINTING FROM THE FRONT
315
00:15:25,892 --> 00:15:27,427
{\an7}WITH AN EXPLOSIVE ON THE END.
316
00:15:27,493 --> 00:15:29,328
{\an7}THE TROUBLE WITH THAT WAS IT WAS
VIRTUALLY AN EARLY VERSION
317
00:15:29,362 --> 00:15:30,530
{\an7}OF SUICIDE BOMBING.
318
00:15:30,563 --> 00:15:32,832
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hQuarstein:
WE CALL ’EM TORPEDOES,
319
00:15:32,865 --> 00:15:36,369
{\an7}\h\hBUT REALLY THEY’RE MINES
AT THE LONG OF A LONG POLE.
320
00:15:36,402 --> 00:15:42,275
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHEY HAVE A BARBED END,
SO WHEN THE SHIP RAMS THE HULL,
321
00:15:42,308 --> 00:15:44,076
{\an7}THE BARB WILL KEEP IT IN THERE
322
00:15:44,110 --> 00:15:47,547
{\an7}AS THE HUNLEY THEN
\hHAS TO BACK OUT.
323
00:15:47,580 --> 00:15:50,349
{\an7}Narrator: DURING THE RAID,
THE HOUSATONIC’S LOOKOUTS
324
00:15:50,416 --> 00:15:53,953
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hSPOTTED THE HUNLEY
AND DESPERATELY TRIED TO ESCAPE.
325
00:15:53,986 --> 00:15:55,855
{\an7}BUT IT WAS TOO LATE.
326
00:15:55,888 --> 00:15:59,024
{\an7}\hGrove: THE SPAR TORPEDO
CONTACTED THE HOUSATONIC.
327
00:15:59,058 --> 00:16:00,192
{\an7}IT WENT OFF.
328
00:16:00,226 --> 00:16:01,994
{\an7}IT CAUSED A HUGE EXPLOSION.
329
00:16:02,028 --> 00:16:03,763
{\an7}Narrator: SHE DISAPPEARED
\h\h\h\h\hBELOW THE WAVES
330
00:16:03,796 --> 00:16:05,564
{\an7}IN ONLY THREE MINUTES--
331
00:16:05,598 --> 00:16:08,634
{\an7}THE FIRST SHIP TO BE SUNK
\h\h\h\h\hBY A SUBMARINE.
332
00:16:08,668 --> 00:16:10,803
{\an7}FIVE OF HER CREW DROWNED.
333
00:16:10,837 --> 00:16:14,074
{\an7}\hTHE HOUSATONIC SANK,
BUT SO DID THE HUNLEY.
334
00:16:14,106 --> 00:16:15,374
{\an7}Grove: AT ONE LEVEL THIS WAS
335
00:16:15,408 --> 00:16:18,177
{\an7}THE FIRST SUCCESSFUL
\hSUBMARINE ATTACK.
336
00:16:18,211 --> 00:16:20,313
{\an7}BUT AT ANOTHER LEVEL
\h\hIT DEMONSTRATED
337
00:16:20,346 --> 00:16:21,781
{\an7}THAT REALLY YOU HAD TO DEVELOP
338
00:16:21,814 --> 00:16:24,250
{\an7}\hA BETTER WEAPON
FOR THE SUBMARINE
339
00:16:24,350 --> 00:16:28,821
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND ALSO TO PRODUCE
A PROPER POWER SYSTEM AS WELL.
340
00:16:28,855 --> 00:16:31,124
{\an7}Narrator: A MORE EFFECTIVE
\h\h\hMETHOD OF PROPULSION
341
00:16:31,157 --> 00:16:33,059
{\an7}WAS NOT LONG IN COMING.
342
00:16:33,092 --> 00:16:36,228
{\an7}IT WAS DEVELOPED BY AN UNLIKELY
VICTORIAN INVENTOR,
343
00:16:36,262 --> 00:16:39,532
{\an7}\h\h\hWHO MANAGED TO HARNESS
THE LATEST STEAM TECHNOLOGY,
344
00:16:39,565 --> 00:16:42,635
{\an7}BUT WOULD ULTIMATELY BE
\h\hDEFEATED BY THE SEA.
345
00:16:46,606 --> 00:16:51,377
{\an7}IN NOVEMBER 1995, OFF THE COAST
OF RHYL IN NORTH WALES,
346
00:16:51,410 --> 00:16:55,614
{\an7}\hA DIVER SPOTTED SOMETHING
UNUSUAL LYING ON THE SEABED.
347
00:16:55,648 --> 00:16:58,651
{\an7}\h\hIT SOON BECAME CLEAR
THAT THIS WAS A WRECK--
348
00:16:58,684 --> 00:17:02,421
{\an7}\h\h\hTHE WRECK OF A VESSEL
WITH WORLDWIDE SIGNIFICANCE.
349
00:17:02,455 --> 00:17:04,857
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hINVISIBLE
FOR OVER A HUNDRED YEARS,
350
00:17:04,891 --> 00:17:08,027
{\an7}IT WAS THE WORLD’S FIRST
FULLY POWERED SUBMARINE.
351
00:17:11,063 --> 00:17:14,900
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hIT WAS DESIGNED NOT
BY A SHIPBUILDER OR AN ENGINEER
352
00:17:14,934 --> 00:17:20,173
{\an7}\h\h\h\hBUT BY A YOUNG CURATE
NAMED REVEREND GEORGE GARRETT.
353
00:17:20,206 --> 00:17:22,241
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hChris Holden:
HE WAS A VERY ECCENTRIC,
354
00:17:22,441 --> 00:17:26,445
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hVERY KNOWLEDGEABLE,
VERY INTERESTING TYPE OF GUY.
355
00:17:26,479 --> 00:17:29,415
{\an7}\hI MEAN, A CLERGYMAN
WHO BUILDS SUBMARINES?
356
00:17:29,448 --> 00:17:33,852
{\an7}\h\h\hTHIS WAS A...A VENTURE
INTO A NEW TYPE OF WARFARE,
357
00:17:33,886 --> 00:17:37,723
{\an7}SOMETHING HE HOPED TO SELL
\h\h\h\hTO THE ROYAL NAVY.
358
00:17:37,757 --> 00:17:40,493
{\an7}\hNarrator: GARRETT SKETCHED
HIS DESIGN FOR THE SUBMARINE
359
00:17:40,526 --> 00:17:43,162
{\an7}ON THE BACK OF AN ENVELOPE.
360
00:17:43,195 --> 00:17:46,198
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIT WAS TO BE POWERED
BY A FIRELESS STEAM GENERATOR,
361
00:17:46,232 --> 00:17:50,103
{\an7}SIMILAR TO THOSE JUST INTRODUCED
ON THE LONDON UNDERGROUND.
362
00:17:50,136 --> 00:17:54,340
{\an7}HYDROPLANES ON EACH SIDE WOULD
TAKE THE SUBMARINE UNDERWATER.
363
00:17:54,373 --> 00:17:59,278
{\an7}AND WHEN THE ENGINE WAS STOPPED,
IT WOULD RISE TO THE SURFACE.
364
00:17:59,312 --> 00:18:01,815
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHE SUBMARINE
HAD A SERIOUS PURPOSE.
365
00:18:01,847 --> 00:18:06,218
{\an7}IT WAS DESIGNED TO BE ABLE
\h\h\hTO CARRY TORPEDOES.
366
00:18:06,252 --> 00:18:09,222
{\an7}THIS REPLICA STANDS
IN BIRKENHEAD DOCKS,
367
00:18:09,422 --> 00:18:12,158
{\an7}JUST A FEW FEET FROM WHERE
THE SUBMARINE WAS LAUNCHED
368
00:18:12,191 --> 00:18:15,528
{\an7}ON NOVEMBER 26, 1879.
369
00:18:15,561 --> 00:18:18,831
{\an7}GARRETT CHRISTENED HER
\h\h\h\h\h"RESURGAM."
370
00:18:18,864 --> 00:18:22,534
{\an7}Holden: RESURGAM IS A LATIN
PHRASE FOR "I SHALL ARISE,"
371
00:18:22,568 --> 00:18:26,439
{\an7}AND WHAT A FANTASTIC NAME FOR
A SUBMARINE, "I SHALL ARISE."
372
00:18:26,472 --> 00:18:35,147
{\an7}♪
373
00:18:35,181 --> 00:18:38,484
{\an7}Narrator: EARLY TRIALS IN THE
RIVER MERSEY WERE SUCCESSFUL,
374
00:18:38,517 --> 00:18:40,953
{\an7}\hALTHOUGH CONDITIONS
FOR THE THREE-MAN CREW
375
00:18:40,987 --> 00:18:43,456
{\an7}WERE NEARLY UNBEARABLE.
376
00:18:43,489 --> 00:18:46,158
{\an7}\h\h\hGeorge Price: THE HEAT
FROM THE BOILER WAS INTENSE,
377
00:18:46,192 --> 00:18:50,063
{\an7}VARYING FROM 110 TO 115 DEGREES,
378
00:18:50,096 --> 00:18:52,165
{\an7}AND WE EXPERIENCED
\hGREAT DISCOMFORT
379
00:18:52,198 --> 00:18:54,600
{\an7}FROM THE AIR PRESSURE
\h\h\hON THE EARDRUMS.
380
00:18:54,767 --> 00:18:56,535
{\an7}WE HAD TO STAND ALL THE TIME,
381
00:18:56,569 --> 00:18:58,738
{\an7}OWING TO THE VERY LIMITED
\h\h\h\h\h\hACCOMMODATION,
382
00:18:58,971 --> 00:19:00,339
{\an7}AND WHEN WE RETURNED
\h\hTO THE SURFACE,
383
00:19:00,373 --> 00:19:02,976
{\an7}WE WERE ALL EXHAUSTED.
384
00:19:03,009 --> 00:19:05,945
{\an7}\h\h\hNarrator: THE INTERIOR
OF THE RESURGAM WAS GLOOMY.
385
00:19:05,978 --> 00:19:10,282
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHE ONLY LIGHT
WAS PROVIDED BY CANDLES.
386
00:19:10,316 --> 00:19:12,985
{\an7}\h\h\hMealings: THE PIONEER
SUBMARINE CREWS WERE BRAVE,
387
00:19:13,019 --> 00:19:16,089
{\an7}\hAND THEY WERE PREPARED
TO TAKE ON AN ADVENTURE
388
00:19:16,122 --> 00:19:17,457
{\an7}BECAUSE IT WOULD HAVE BEEN
389
00:19:17,490 --> 00:19:20,626
{\an7}\h\h\hLIKE NOTHING ELSE
THEY’D EVER EXPERIENCED.
390
00:19:20,660 --> 00:19:23,730
{\an7}Narrator: THE ROYAL NAVY ASKED
GEORGE GARRETT TO DEMONSTRATE
391
00:19:23,763 --> 00:19:25,131
{\an7}WHAT HIS SUBMARINE COULD DO
392
00:19:25,164 --> 00:19:28,334
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIN PORTSMOUTH,
HUNDREDS OF MILES AWAY.
393
00:19:28,367 --> 00:19:32,438
{\an7}IN JANUARY 1880, GARRETT SAILED
WITH HIS TWO-MAN CREW
394
00:19:32,605 --> 00:19:35,374
{\an7}FROM BIRKENHEAD DOCKS,
\hUP THE RIVER MERSEY,
395
00:19:35,408 --> 00:19:37,110
{\an7}AND OUT TO SEA.
396
00:19:37,343 --> 00:19:39,779
{\an7}HE EXPECTED THE VOYAGE
\h\h\hTO TAKE A MONTH.
397
00:19:39,812 --> 00:19:41,847
{\an7}\hPrice: THE NAVIGATOR
HAD LOST HIS BEARINGS,
398
00:19:41,981 --> 00:19:44,317
{\an7}AND WE CAME UP ALONGSIDE
\h\hA FULL-RIGGED SHIP,
399
00:19:44,350 --> 00:19:46,419
{\an7}HOMEWARD BOUND FOR LIVERPOOL.
400
00:19:46,585 --> 00:19:48,320
{\an7}\hWHEN MR. GARRETT
THREW OPEN THE TOP
401
00:19:48,354 --> 00:19:52,058
{\an7}\h\hAND SHOUTED "SHIP AHOY!"
AND INQUIRED WHERE WE WERE,
402
00:19:52,091 --> 00:19:54,527
{\an7}THE CAPTAIN OF THE SHIP
\hWAS TERRIBLY SURPRISED
403
00:19:54,560 --> 00:19:57,463
{\an7}AND INQUIRED WHO WE WERE.
404
00:19:57,496 --> 00:19:58,664
{\an7}WE INFORMED HIM THAT WE WERE
405
00:19:58,898 --> 00:20:01,334
{\an7}A SUBMARINE TORPEDO BOAT
\h\h\h\hFROM LIVERPOOL,
406
00:20:01,367 --> 00:20:03,536
{\an7}AND WE’RE GOING TO PORTSMOUTH.
407
00:20:03,569 --> 00:20:06,405
{\an7}\h\hTHE CAPTAIN THEN ASKED
HOW MANY WERE IN OUR CREW,
408
00:20:06,439 --> 00:20:10,209
{\an7}AND WHEN MR. GARRETT TOLD HIM
\hTHREE, THE CAPTAIN ANSWERED:
409
00:20:10,242 --> 00:20:14,747
{\an7}"WELL, YOU ARE THE THREE BIGGEST
FOOLS I HAVE EVER MET."
410
00:20:14,780 --> 00:20:16,915
{\an7}Holden: IT’S JANUARY,
\hTHE WEATHER IS BAD,
411
00:20:16,949 --> 00:20:20,186
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hHE EVENTUALLY REALIZED
HE COULDN’T PROGRESS ANY FURTHER
412
00:20:20,219 --> 00:20:25,958
{\an7}\hAND WENT INTO THE ESTUARY AT
RHYL ON THE NORTH WALES COAST.
413
00:20:25,991 --> 00:20:28,694
{\an7}\hNarrator: A YACHT TOOK
THE RESURGAM UNDER TOW,
414
00:20:28,728 --> 00:20:30,463
{\an7}BUT THE ROPE SNAPPED.
415
00:20:30,496 --> 00:20:34,200
{\an7}HEAVY SEAS SWAMPED THE SUB,
\hWHOSE CONNING TOWER HATCH
416
00:20:34,233 --> 00:20:36,335
{\an7}COULDN’T BE CLOSED
FROM THE OUTSIDE,
417
00:20:36,368 --> 00:20:40,505
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAND SHE SANK
IN 60 FEET OF WATER.
418
00:20:40,539 --> 00:20:42,908
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHE TRAGEDY,
CHRIS HOLDEN BELIEVES,
419
00:20:42,942 --> 00:20:44,977
{\an7}IS THAT EVEN IF GARRETT
\h\h\h\hAND THE RESURGAM
420
00:20:45,010 --> 00:20:46,912
{\an7}HAD MADE IT TO PORTSMOUTH,
421
00:20:46,946 --> 00:20:51,284
{\an7}THE ADMIRALTY WASN’T GENUINELY
\hINTERESTED IN HIS INVENTION.
422
00:20:51,317 --> 00:20:54,120
{\an7}Holden: THE NAVY THOUGHT
\h\hTHEY WERE UNDERHAND
423
00:20:54,153 --> 00:20:57,123
{\an7}AND WE SHOULDN’T BE USING
\h\h\h\hSUBMERSIBLE SHIPS
424
00:20:57,156 --> 00:20:58,824
{\an7}TO INFLICT DAMAGE.
425
00:20:58,924 --> 00:21:01,560
{\an7}IT WAS BIG WARSHIPS, BIG GUNS,
\h\hTHAT WAS THE WAY FORWARD.
426
00:21:01,594 --> 00:21:05,898
{\an7}THIS WAS SOMETHING SNEAKY,
\h\hDEFINITELY UNDERHAND.
427
00:21:05,931 --> 00:21:08,467
{\an7}Narrator: JUST A DECADE
\hAFTER GARRETT’S DEATH,
428
00:21:08,501 --> 00:21:12,372
{\an7}\h\h\h\hSUBMARINES WOULD BECOME
A DECIDING FACTOR IN A WORLD WAR
429
00:21:12,471 --> 00:21:15,574
{\an7}AND POSSESS TECHNOLOGY
\hAND DEADLY WEAPONRY
430
00:21:15,608 --> 00:21:18,544
{\an7}THAT HE COULD ONLY
\hHAVE DREAMED OF.
431
00:21:18,577 --> 00:21:20,979
{\an7}THE 19th CENTURY
HAD BEEN A TIME
432
00:21:21,013 --> 00:21:23,282
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hOF EXPANDED
SUBMARINE DEVELOPMENT,
433
00:21:23,315 --> 00:21:25,083
{\an7}WITH MIXED RESULTS.
434
00:21:25,117 --> 00:21:27,953
{\an7}BUT BY THE EARLY YEARS
\hOF THE 20th CENTURY,
435
00:21:27,987 --> 00:21:29,889
{\an7}RELIABLE GAS ENGINES
436
00:21:29,922 --> 00:21:32,558
{\an7}\h\hREVOLUTIONIZED
THEIR PERFORMANCE.
437
00:21:32,591 --> 00:21:37,563
{\an7}SUBMARINES WERE NOW SOMETHING
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO BE FEARED.
438
00:21:37,596 --> 00:21:42,668
{\an7}ON MARCH 28, 1915, AT THE HEIGHT
OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR,
439
00:21:42,701 --> 00:21:44,870
{\an7}\hA BRITISH FERRY
NAMED THE BRUSSELS
440
00:21:44,904 --> 00:21:49,275
{\an7}LEFT HARWICH FOR THE NEUTRAL
\h\hDUTCH PORT OF ROTTERDAM.
441
00:21:49,308 --> 00:21:55,181
{\an7}ITS SKIPPER WAS 45-YEAR-OLD
\h\hCAPTAIN CHARLES FRYATT.
442
00:21:55,214 --> 00:21:57,516
{\an7}HE KNEW THESE WATERS WELL.
443
00:21:57,550 --> 00:22:02,055
{\an7}IT WAS HIS 143rd CROSSING
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF THE WAR.
444
00:22:02,087 --> 00:22:04,089
{\an7}A FEW HOURS INTO THE VOYAGE,
445
00:22:04,123 --> 00:22:08,094
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hFRYATT SPOTTED
A GERMAN SUBMARINE, U-33,
446
00:22:08,127 --> 00:22:10,863
{\an7}OFF THE STARBOARD BOW.
447
00:22:10,896 --> 00:22:13,298
{\an7}U-BOAT CAPTAIN KONRAD GANSSER
448
00:22:13,332 --> 00:22:16,368
{\an7}SIGNALED TO THE BRUSSELS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO STOP.
449
00:22:16,402 --> 00:22:20,506
{\an7}GANSSER HAD BEEN IN COMMAND
\h\hOF U-33 FOR FIVE MONTHS
450
00:22:20,539 --> 00:22:23,308
{\an7}\h\h\hAND WAS HUNGRY
FOR HIS FIRST KILL.
451
00:22:23,342 --> 00:22:31,784
{\an7}♪
452
00:22:31,817 --> 00:22:37,256
{\an7}Grove: IN 1915 THE GERMANS BEGAN
UNRESTRICTED SUBMARINE WARFARE.
453
00:22:37,289 --> 00:22:38,857
{\an7}THEY UNLEASHED THEIR SUBMARINES
454
00:22:38,891 --> 00:22:42,528
{\an7}TO ATTACK ENEMY AND INDEED
\h\hNEUTRAL MERCHANT SHIPS
455
00:22:42,561 --> 00:22:44,530
{\an7}IN CERTAIN ZONES ON SIGHT.
456
00:22:44,563 --> 00:22:46,799
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHEY WERE ALLOWED
TO TORPEDO THEM ON SIGHT.
457
00:22:46,832 --> 00:22:49,068
{\an7}THIS WAS AN ATTEMPT
TO BLOCKADE BRITAIN
458
00:22:49,101 --> 00:22:50,703
{\an7}THE ONLY WAY THE GERMANS COULD.
459
00:22:50,736 --> 00:22:52,571
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHEY COULDN’T DEFEAT
THE ROYAL NAVY ON THE SURFACE,
460
00:22:52,605 --> 00:22:55,308
{\an7}SO THEY WOULD USE THEIR U-BOATS
AS COMMERCE RAIDERS.
461
00:22:55,341 --> 00:22:56,876
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
AS FAR AS MERCHANT CAPTAINS
462
00:22:56,909 --> 00:22:58,878
{\an7}LIKE FRYATT WERE CONCERNED,
463
00:22:58,911 --> 00:23:01,714
{\an7}\hTHEIR HOME WATERS
WERE NOW A WAR ZONE.
464
00:23:01,747 --> 00:23:04,650
{\an7}THEY COULD BE ATTACKED
\h\h\hWITHOUT WARNING.
465
00:23:04,683 --> 00:23:07,886
{\an7}U-BOATS WERE EARNING
A NASTY REPUTATION.
466
00:23:07,920 --> 00:23:09,355
{\an7}Grove: THERE WERE CASES
467
00:23:09,388 --> 00:23:11,223
{\an7}OF PEOPLE BEING PICKED UP
\h\h\h\hOUT OF THE WATER,
468
00:23:11,257 --> 00:23:12,759
{\an7}PUT ON THE CASING OF SUBMARINE,
469
00:23:12,791 --> 00:23:14,926
{\an7}AND THEN THE SUBMARINE
\h\h\h\h\hWOULD DIVE.
470
00:23:14,960 --> 00:23:18,130
{\an7}\hCERTAIN GERMAN CAPTAINS
WERE NOT REALLY GENTLEMEN,
471
00:23:18,163 --> 00:23:21,533
{\an7}EVEN IF THEY WEREN’T
\hACTUALLY PIRATES.
472
00:23:21,700 --> 00:23:23,168
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
FRYATT HAD ONLY SECONDS
473
00:23:23,335 --> 00:23:26,638
{\an7}TO DECIDE WHAT TO DO ABOUT U-33.
474
00:23:26,672 --> 00:23:29,708
{\an7}\hWHAT HE FEARED MOST
WAS NOT HER TORPEDOES,
475
00:23:29,742 --> 00:23:32,111
{\an7}BUT HER DECK GUN.
476
00:23:32,144 --> 00:23:35,781
{\an7}HE KNEW THESE GUNS HAD SUNK
\hSCORES OF MERCHANT SHIPS.
477
00:23:35,814 --> 00:23:39,151
{\an7}IT WAS TIME TO FIGHT BACK.
478
00:23:39,184 --> 00:23:42,554
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hMark Baker: U-33 HAD
A 105-MILLIMETER GUN ON BOARD,
479
00:23:42,588 --> 00:23:45,591
{\an7}WHICH CARRIED 300 ROUNDS
\h\h\h\h\hOF AMMUNITION.
480
00:23:45,624 --> 00:23:49,194
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHAT’S COMPARED
TO THE SIX TORPEDOES IT CARRIED.
481
00:23:49,228 --> 00:23:52,998
{\an7}\h\h\hSUBMARINES DIDN’T HAVE
A HUGE ARSENAL OF TORPEDOES.
482
00:23:53,032 --> 00:23:55,501
{\an7}\h\h\h\hNarrator: CAPTAIN FRYATT
DECIDED TO ELIMINATE THE THREAT
483
00:23:55,534 --> 00:23:56,668
{\an7}OF THE DECK GUN.
484
00:23:56,702 --> 00:23:57,670
{\an7}[BOOM]
485
00:23:57,703 --> 00:23:59,972
{\an7}HE WOULD RAM U-33.
486
00:24:00,005 --> 00:24:01,740
{\an7}Terry Farrell: HE ORDERED
\h\h\h\h\hHIS ENGINE ROOM
487
00:24:01,774 --> 00:24:03,676
{\an7}\hTO PUT THE ENGINES
AT FULL STEAM AHEAD,
488
00:24:03,709 --> 00:24:08,447
{\an7}AND HE STEERED THE SHIP FOR THE
CONNING TOWER OF THE SUBMARINE.
489
00:24:08,480 --> 00:24:10,282
{\an7}THE GERMAN COMMANDER
\h\h\hOF THE U-BOAT
490
00:24:10,316 --> 00:24:11,951
{\an7}\hSAW THAT HE WASN’T
GOING TO SURRENDER,
491
00:24:11,984 --> 00:24:15,120
{\an7}AND HE HAD TO MAKE A DECISION
\h\h\h\hAS QUICK AS POSSIBLE,
492
00:24:15,154 --> 00:24:17,490
{\an7}AND SO HE TOOK A DECISION
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO DIVE.
493
00:24:17,523 --> 00:24:20,626
{\an7}\h\h\hBaker: FRYATT CONTINUED
TO STEER DIRECTLY FOR THE SPOT
494
00:24:20,659 --> 00:24:23,228
{\an7}WHERE HE SAW THE U-BOAT GO DOWN.
495
00:24:23,262 --> 00:24:26,766
{\an7}Farrell: SOME REPORTS SAY THAT
THE PERISCOPE OF THE SUBMARINE
496
00:24:26,799 --> 00:24:30,469
{\an7}WAS ONLY TWO FOOT AWAY FROM
THE SIDE OF THE SS BRUSSELS.
497
00:24:30,502 --> 00:24:33,872
{\an7}STOKERS DOWN IN THE ENGINE ROOM,
SOME OF THEM MADE STATEMENTS
498
00:24:33,906 --> 00:24:36,876
{\an7}THEY FELT A BUMP AND A SCRAPE,
499
00:24:36,909 --> 00:24:40,479
{\an7}ALMOST AS IF HE HAD
\h\h\hHIT SOMETHING.
500
00:24:40,512 --> 00:24:44,316
{\an7}Narrator: ALTHOUGH DAMAGED,
U-33 SURVIVED THE ENCOUNTER
501
00:24:44,350 --> 00:24:49,388
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND WENT ON TO SINK 40
MERCHANT SHIPS THAT YEAR ALONE.
502
00:24:49,421 --> 00:24:53,792
{\an7}\hTHE U-BOATS’ EFFECTIVENESS
SURPRISED EVEN THE GERMANS.
503
00:24:53,826 --> 00:24:55,861
{\an7}Grove: YOU COULD SEND THEM OUT
\hINTO THE WESTERN APPROACHES.
504
00:24:55,894 --> 00:24:58,330
{\an7}\h\h\h\hYOU COULD DEPLOY THEM IN
THE NORTH SEA OFF BRITISH PORTS,
505
00:24:58,364 --> 00:25:00,967
{\an7}AND THEY PROVED TO BE,
\h\h\h\hUNEXPECTEDLY,
506
00:25:01,000 --> 00:25:03,870
{\an7}A VITALLY IMPORTANT PART OF THE
FIRST WORLD WAR GERMANY NAVY,
507
00:25:03,902 --> 00:25:06,972
{\an7}PERHAPS THE MOST IMPORTANT PART,
IN THE END.
508
00:25:07,006 --> 00:25:08,941
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
DESPITE THE U-BOAT THREAT,
509
00:25:09,074 --> 00:25:11,843
{\an7}CAPTAIN FRYATT CONTINUED
\h\hHIS REGULAR VOYAGES
510
00:25:11,877 --> 00:25:13,579
{\an7}ACROSS THE CHANNEL.
511
00:25:13,612 --> 00:25:16,248
{\an7}BUT U-33’S ENCOUNTER
\hWITH THE BRUSSELS
512
00:25:16,281 --> 00:25:18,583
{\an7}WASN’T FORGOTTEN BY THE GERMANS,
513
00:25:18,617 --> 00:25:22,054
{\an7}AS FRYATT WOULD DISCOVER
\h\hTHE FOLLOWING YEAR.
514
00:25:22,221 --> 00:25:25,391
{\an7}ON THE 22nd OF JUNE 1916,
515
00:25:25,424 --> 00:25:30,462
{\an7}THE BRUSSELS WAS AGAIN SAILING
\h\hFROM ROTTERDAM TO TILBURY.
516
00:25:30,562 --> 00:25:35,000
{\an7}Baker: AMONG THE PASSENGERS WERE
100 OR SO BELGIAN REFUGEES,
517
00:25:35,034 --> 00:25:37,103
{\an7}HOWEVER, ACCORDING
\hTO THE GERMANS,
518
00:25:37,136 --> 00:25:41,140
{\an7}\h\h\h\hHE HAD 50 ESCAPED
RUSSIAN PRISONERS OF WAR.
519
00:25:41,173 --> 00:25:42,408
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hFarrell:
SHORTLY AFTER LEAVING HOLLAND
520
00:25:42,441 --> 00:25:47,579
{\an7}\h\h\hHE WAS SURROUNDED
BY GERMAN TORPEDO BOATS.
521
00:25:47,613 --> 00:25:51,684
{\an7}THIS TIME HE COULDN’T SEE
\h\hANY COURSE OF ESCAPE,
522
00:25:51,817 --> 00:25:54,953
{\an7}AND HE WAS FORCED TO TAKE
\h\h\hCONTROL OF HIS SHIP
523
00:25:54,987 --> 00:25:58,057
{\an7}\h\h\hON THE INSTRUCTIONS OF THE
COMMANDER OF THE TORPEDO BOATS,
524
00:25:58,090 --> 00:26:02,394
{\an7}AND HE WAS ESCORTED TO BELGIUM.
525
00:26:02,428 --> 00:26:04,497
{\an7}Narrator: THE GERMANS
SCUTTLED THE BRUSSELS
526
00:26:04,663 --> 00:26:07,599
{\an7}AND DECIDED TO TRY
\hCAPTAIN FRYATT.
527
00:26:07,800 --> 00:26:13,105
{\an7}THE CHARGE--ATTEMPTING TO RAM
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hSUBMARINE U-33.
528
00:26:13,138 --> 00:26:19,778
{\an7}THE TRIAL BEGAN AT 2 P.M.
\h\h\h\hON JULY 27, 1916.
529
00:26:19,812 --> 00:26:23,749
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE VERDICT--
EXECUTION BY FIRING SQUAD.
530
00:26:23,782 --> 00:26:27,986
{\an7}FRYATT WAS DEAD BY SUNSET.
531
00:26:28,020 --> 00:26:29,989
{\an7}BRITAIN WAS OUTRAGED.
532
00:26:30,022 --> 00:26:31,991
{\an7}PRIME MINISTER HERBERT ASQUITH
533
00:26:32,024 --> 00:26:34,059
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hDECLARED
IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS
534
00:26:34,093 --> 00:26:39,398
{\an7}THAT FRYATT HAD BEEN MURDERED
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBY THE GERMANS.
535
00:26:39,565 --> 00:26:41,133
{\an7}ON THE WESTERN FRONT,
536
00:26:41,166 --> 00:26:43,902
{\an7}GUNNERS WROTE DEFIANT MESSAGES
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hON THEIR SHELLS
537
00:26:44,036 --> 00:26:46,906
{\an7}\hBEFORE FIRING THEM
TOWARDS ENEMY LINES.
538
00:26:48,774 --> 00:26:52,111
{\an7}U-33 SUCCEEDED IN SINKING
\h\h\hA TOTAL OF 84 SHIPS
539
00:26:52,144 --> 00:26:54,480
{\an7}IN HER CAREER.
540
00:26:54,513 --> 00:26:56,915
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hBUT WHAT ABOUT
THE WIDER U-BOAT CAMPAIGN
541
00:26:56,949 --> 00:27:00,085
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THE WATERS
AROUND THE BRITISH ISLES?
542
00:27:00,119 --> 00:27:01,921
{\an7}WAS IT SUCCESSFUL?
543
00:27:01,954 --> 00:27:04,690
{\an7}\h\h\h\hGrove: IT WAS HOPED THAT
THE RUTHLESSNESS OF THIS ATTACK
544
00:27:04,723 --> 00:27:06,592
{\an7}WOULD SCARE OFF NEUTRAL SHIPPING
545
00:27:06,625 --> 00:27:08,694
{\an7}AND WOULD SO REDUCE
\h\hBRITISH SHIPPING
546
00:27:08,827 --> 00:27:10,529
{\an7}THAT THE BRITISH EMPIRE
547
00:27:10,562 --> 00:27:12,998
{\an7}\h\hWOULD CEASE TO BE
AN OPERATIONAL THING.
548
00:27:13,031 --> 00:27:14,432
{\an7}BUT THERE WERE TOO MANY SHIPS,
549
00:27:14,466 --> 00:27:16,368
{\an7}AND SHIPPING MANAGEMENT
\h\hWAS SO EFFECTIVE...
550
00:27:16,401 --> 00:27:19,804
{\an7}\hIT DID NOT GIVE
A DECISIVE RESULT.
551
00:27:19,838 --> 00:27:21,940
{\an7}Narrator: ALTHOUGH THE GERMAN
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hU-BOAT CAMPAIGN
552
00:27:21,974 --> 00:27:24,210
{\an7}DIDN’T BRING BRITAIN
\h\h\hTO ITS KNEES,
553
00:27:24,243 --> 00:27:27,113
{\an7}IT EXPOSED THE VULNERABILITY
\h\h\h\h\hOF SURFACE VESSELS
554
00:27:27,146 --> 00:27:30,549
{\an7}TO UNDERWATER ATTACK.
555
00:27:30,716 --> 00:27:33,185
{\an7}THE CAMPAIGN ALSO FORCED
\h\h\hTHE UNITED STATES
556
00:27:33,218 --> 00:27:36,722
{\an7}\h\h\hTO TOTALLY RETHINK
ITS SUBMARINE STRATEGY.
557
00:27:40,926 --> 00:27:44,463
{\an7}AT THE ENTRANCE TO THE MYSTIC
SEAPORT MUSEUM IN CONNECTICUT
558
00:27:44,496 --> 00:27:47,332
{\an7}IS A VESSEL CALLED KINGSTON II.
559
00:27:47,366 --> 00:27:51,437
{\an7}\h\hSHE’S SMALL BUT POWERFUL,
AND WITH A SURPRISING HISTORY.
560
00:27:51,470 --> 00:28:00,145
{\an7}♪
561
00:28:00,179 --> 00:28:04,116
{\an7}THE KINGSTON IS A TUGBOAT
\hCONSTRUCTED IN THE 1930s
562
00:28:04,149 --> 00:28:07,486
{\an7}BY THE LEAST EXPERIENCED
\h\h\hSHIPYARD WORKERS.
563
00:28:07,519 --> 00:28:12,024
{\an7}HER JOB WAS TO GUIDE SUBMARINES
IN AND OUT OF PORT.
564
00:28:12,057 --> 00:28:14,860
{\an7}Quentin Snediker: KINGSTON II
\h\hWAS BUILT BY APPRENTICES,
565
00:28:14,893 --> 00:28:19,197
{\an7}IF YOU WILL, LEARNING TECHNIQUES
OF ARC WELDING,
566
00:28:19,231 --> 00:28:20,532
{\an7}ELECTRIC ARC WELDING.
567
00:28:20,699 --> 00:28:23,835
{\an7}THIS WAS A MEANS OF LEARNING
\h\h\h\h\h\hTHOSE TECHNIQUES
568
00:28:24,069 --> 00:28:26,438
{\an7}\hFOR PEOPLE WHO WOULD THEN
MOVE ON TO BUILD SUBMARINES.
569
00:28:26,471 --> 00:28:28,540
{\an7}IT’S ACTUALLY BUILT
\hOUT OF SCRAP STEEL
570
00:28:28,574 --> 00:28:34,280
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hFROM OTHER SUBMARINE
CONSTRUCTION AROUND THE YARD.
571
00:28:34,313 --> 00:28:37,249
{\an7}Narrator: FOR FOUR DECADES,
\h\h\hTHE KINGSTON ESCORTED
572
00:28:37,282 --> 00:28:41,052
{\an7}\hMORE THAN 70 NEW SUBS MADE
BY THE ELECTRIC BOAT COMPANY
573
00:28:41,086 --> 00:28:45,557
{\an7}OUT TO SEA.
574
00:28:45,591 --> 00:28:47,159
{\an7}THE LITTLE TUGBOAT WITNESSED
575
00:28:47,192 --> 00:28:53,665
{\an7}A GREAT DEAL OF TECHNOLOGICAL
\h\hCHANGE DURING THOSE YEARS.
576
00:28:53,699 --> 00:28:56,202
{\an7}\h\hTHE NAVAL BATTLES
OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR
577
00:28:56,235 --> 00:29:00,673
{\an7}\h\h\h\hHAD A LASTING IMPACT
ON THE DESIGN OF SUBMARINES.
578
00:29:00,772 --> 00:29:02,140
{\an7}\h\hGreg Williams:
DURING WORLD WAR I
579
00:29:02,174 --> 00:29:03,375
{\an7}THE WORLD KIND OF WAS SHOCKED
580
00:29:03,408 --> 00:29:05,477
{\an7}\h\h\hAT THE WAY GERMANY
HAD USED THEIR U-BOATS,
581
00:29:05,510 --> 00:29:06,611
{\an7}SO WHEN GERMANY STARTED
582
00:29:06,645 --> 00:29:08,046
{\an7}JUST SINKING SHIPS
\hOUT OF THE BLUE,
583
00:29:08,080 --> 00:29:09,782
{\an7}FOLLOWING THE WAR THERE WAS
\h\hA LARGE LEGAL DISCUSSION
584
00:29:09,815 --> 00:29:11,517
{\an7}BETWEEN THE MAIN POWERS
\h\h\h\h\h\hOF THE WORLD
585
00:29:11,550 --> 00:29:15,020
{\an7}\h\h\h\hABOUT WHAT SUBMARINES
SHOULD EXPLICITLY BE USED FOR.
586
00:29:15,053 --> 00:29:17,222
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
AFTER THE FIRST WORLD WAR,
587
00:29:17,256 --> 00:29:20,860
{\an7}THE U.S. NAVY DECIDED THAT ITS
SUBMARINES SHOULD BE DESIGNED
588
00:29:20,892 --> 00:29:24,629
{\an7}\h\hTO SURVIVE LONG MISSIONS AND
BE ABLE TO OPERATE ON THEIR OWN
589
00:29:24,663 --> 00:29:27,799
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWITHOUT HELP
FROM THE REST OF THE FLEET.
590
00:29:27,833 --> 00:29:30,469
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hONE SUBMARINE
THAT THE KINGSTON ASSISTED
591
00:29:30,502 --> 00:29:33,238
{\an7}\h\h\h\hON HER MAIDEN VOYAGE
DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR
592
00:29:33,405 --> 00:29:35,908
{\an7}WAS THE USS BACUNA.
593
00:29:35,941 --> 00:29:37,476
{\an7}KNOWN AS A FLEET BOAT,
594
00:29:37,509 --> 00:29:38,810
{\an7}THE DIESEL-POWERED VESSEL
595
00:29:38,910 --> 00:29:40,845
{\an7}WAS BUILT FOR ENDURANCE.
596
00:29:40,879 --> 00:29:50,856
{\an7}♪
597
00:29:50,889 --> 00:29:52,791
{\an7}\h\hWilliams: SHE WAS ONE OF THE
MORE ADVANCED SUBS OF HER TIME.
598
00:29:52,824 --> 00:29:55,327
{\an7}\hTHE FLEET BOAT ITSELF
WAS DESIGNED TO OPERATE
599
00:29:55,360 --> 00:29:56,928
{\an7}AS PART OF THE ADVANCE FORCE
600
00:29:56,962 --> 00:29:59,465
{\an7}FOR THE...FOR THE U.S. FLEET
\hMOVING ACROSS THE PACIFIC,
601
00:29:59,498 --> 00:30:00,532
{\an7}AND SO THEY CAN GO
FROM PEARL HARBOR
602
00:30:00,565 --> 00:30:02,300
{\an7}TO JAPAN AND BACK EASY.
603
00:30:02,334 --> 00:30:08,507
{\an7}♪
604
00:30:08,540 --> 00:30:09,708
{\an7}THIS IS THE CONTROL ROOM
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF BACUNA.
605
00:30:09,741 --> 00:30:11,243
{\an7}THIS IS THE HEART OF THE BOAT.
606
00:30:11,276 --> 00:30:12,978
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTHIS IS OUR
COMPRESSED-AIR MANIFOLD.
607
00:30:13,011 --> 00:30:14,880
{\an7}THESE DIFFERENT VALVES
\h\h\hEACH CORRESPOND
608
00:30:14,913 --> 00:30:16,181
{\an7}TO A DIFFERENT BALLAST TANK.
609
00:30:16,214 --> 00:30:18,149
{\an7}THE VALVE FORCES AIR
\h\h\hINTO THE TANK,
610
00:30:18,183 --> 00:30:23,155
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAND THE WATER COMES OUT,
WE COME BACK UP TO THE SURFACE.
611
00:30:23,188 --> 00:30:24,756
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHESE CONTROL
THE ANGLE OF THE DIVE,
612
00:30:24,923 --> 00:30:26,758
{\an7}AND SO YOU KEEP CONTROL OF THAT
WITH THIS RIGHT HERE.
613
00:30:26,792 --> 00:30:28,227
{\an7}THIS IS CALLED THE BUBBLE.
614
00:30:28,260 --> 00:30:30,028
{\an7}SO SUBMARINERS ARE SOMETIMES
\h\h\h\hCALLED BUBBLEHEADS.
615
00:30:30,062 --> 00:30:31,730
{\an7}THIS IS WHY.
616
00:30:31,763 --> 00:30:34,232
{\an7}THE USUAL ANGLE OF DEPTH IS
ABOUT SEVEN TO TEN DEGREES.
617
00:30:34,266 --> 00:30:35,501
{\an7}ANYTHING MORE THAN THAT,
618
00:30:35,534 --> 00:30:37,970
{\an7}AND STUFF STARTS FALLING
\h\h\h\h\hOFF THE WALLS.
619
00:30:38,003 --> 00:30:39,404
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
THESE SUBMARINES WERE BUILT
620
00:30:39,571 --> 00:30:42,040
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTO WITHSTAND
TREMENDOUS PRESSURE.
621
00:30:42,074 --> 00:30:46,178
{\an7}\h\hBECUNA’S STEEL HULL
IS ALMOST AN INCH THICK.
622
00:30:46,211 --> 00:30:49,247
{\an7}Williams: IT’S STRENGTH ENOUGH
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO DIVE DOWN
623
00:30:49,281 --> 00:30:50,783
{\an7}TO A TEST DEPTH OF 300 FEET.
624
00:30:50,949 --> 00:30:53,218
{\an7}\h\hTHERE ARE RECORDS OF BOATS
DIVING DOWN TO ABOUT 800 FEET.
625
00:30:53,251 --> 00:30:54,586
{\an7}ONE OF THEM CAME BACK UP,
626
00:30:54,619 --> 00:30:56,221
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND IT WAS
A FULL 23 INCHES SHORTER.
627
00:30:56,254 --> 00:30:57,722
{\an7}THEY WERE CRASH DIVING,
628
00:30:57,756 --> 00:30:59,258
{\an7}THEY WERE TRYING TO ESCAPE
\h\hA JAPANESE DESTROYER.
629
00:30:59,291 --> 00:31:01,260
{\an7}\hTHEY LOST CONTROL,
WENT DOWN 800 FEET.
630
00:31:01,426 --> 00:31:02,494
{\an7}WHEN THEY CAME BACK UP, THEIR...
631
00:31:02,594 --> 00:31:03,929
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTHEIR BOAT
WAS 23 INCHES SHORTER,
632
00:31:04,096 --> 00:31:08,567
{\an7}AND THAT WAS THE LAST TIME
\h\h\h\h\hSHE SAW SERVICE.
633
00:31:08,600 --> 00:31:11,169
{\an7}WHEN BECUNA DIVES OR SURFACES,
634
00:31:11,236 --> 00:31:13,638
{\an7}WHEN YOU DIVE, YOU HEAR THIS
\h\hALARM TWICE. DIVE, DIVE.
635
00:31:13,672 --> 00:31:15,007
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hWHEN YOU SURFACE,
YOU’LL HEAR IT THREE TIMES,
636
00:31:15,040 --> 00:31:16,575
{\an7}\hBUT THIS IS WHAT
IT’LL SOUND LIKE.
637
00:31:16,608 --> 00:31:21,279
{\an7}[KLAXON HORN BLARING]
638
00:31:21,313 --> 00:31:24,550
{\an7}YOU ALSO HAVE GENERAL QUARTERS,
WHICH IS BATTLE STATIONS.
639
00:31:24,583 --> 00:31:28,720
{\an7}[BEEPING]
640
00:31:28,754 --> 00:31:30,389
{\an7}AND THEN OUR COLLISION ALARM.
641
00:31:30,422 --> 00:31:35,494
{\an7}[WHISTLING SIREN]
642
00:31:35,527 --> 00:31:37,095
{\an7}Narrator: DURING WORLD WAR II,
643
00:31:37,129 --> 00:31:40,566
{\an7}SUBMARINES MADE UP ONLY 2%
\h\h\h\hOF THE U.S. NAVY,
644
00:31:40,599 --> 00:31:44,870
{\an7}\h\h\h\hYET THEY SANK 55%
OF JAPAN’S MERCHANT FLEET
645
00:31:44,903 --> 00:31:47,172
{\an7}AND 30% OF HER NAVY.
646
00:31:47,205 --> 00:31:51,109
{\an7}\h\h\hJAPANESE SUBMARINES
WERE INEFFECTIVE HUNTERS.
647
00:31:51,143 --> 00:31:52,578
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hGrove:
THE JAPANESE DID NOT REGARD
648
00:31:52,611 --> 00:31:54,379
{\an7}THE ATTACK ON MERCHANT SHIPS
649
00:31:54,413 --> 00:31:56,982
{\an7}AS AN HONORABLE WAY
\h\h\hOF WAGING WAR.
650
00:31:57,015 --> 00:31:58,717
{\an7}SO THEY TENDED TO USE
\h\h\hTHEIR SUBMARINES
651
00:31:58,750 --> 00:32:00,051
{\an7}IN SUPPORT OF THEIR FLEET
652
00:32:00,085 --> 00:32:02,487
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAND NOT AS A WEAPON
AGAINST THE MASSIVE SHIPPING
653
00:32:02,521 --> 00:32:04,056
{\an7}CROSSING THE PACIFIC,
654
00:32:04,222 --> 00:32:06,624
{\an7}WHICH MIGHT HAVE CREATED A SORT
OF BATTLE OF THE PACIFIC,
655
00:32:06,658 --> 00:32:09,094
{\an7}\h\hYOU KNOW, RATHER LIKE
A BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC.
656
00:32:09,261 --> 00:32:11,263
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
BUT THE JAPANESE DID DEVELOP
657
00:32:11,296 --> 00:32:13,365
{\an7}A REMARKABLE SECRET WEAPON--
658
00:32:13,398 --> 00:32:16,034
{\an7}THE LARGEST SUBMARINE
\h\h\h\h\hOF ITS DAY--
659
00:32:16,067 --> 00:32:19,337
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hDESIGNED TO ATTACK
THE UNITED STATES MAINLAND.
660
00:32:19,371 --> 00:32:22,941
{\an7}IT HERALDED A NEW ERA
OF SUBMARINE WARFARE.
661
00:32:25,677 --> 00:32:29,781
{\an7}DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR,
\hTHE JAPANESE IMPERIAL NAVY
662
00:32:29,815 --> 00:32:35,354
{\an7}SUFFERED GREATLY AT THE HANDS
\h\hOF THE UNITED STATES NAVY.
663
00:32:35,387 --> 00:32:37,589
{\an7}BUT TOWARDS THE END OF THE WAR,
664
00:32:37,622 --> 00:32:40,191
{\an7}\h\hA NEW SUBMARINE
TOOK TO THE OCEAN--
665
00:32:40,225 --> 00:32:43,161
{\an7}THE JAPANESE I-400 CLASS.
666
00:32:43,195 --> 00:32:44,763
{\an7}WITH THESE VESSELS,
667
00:32:44,796 --> 00:32:47,732
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHEY HOPED TO CHANGE
THE COURSE OF THE CONFLICT.
668
00:32:51,269 --> 00:32:56,674
{\an7}EACH SUB CARRIED THREE SEAPLANES
IN A MASSIVE HANGAR.
669
00:32:56,708 --> 00:33:02,280
{\an7}\h\h\hTHE PLANES HAD THE ABILITY
TO BOMB U.S. WEST COAST CITIES.
670
00:33:02,314 --> 00:33:05,117
{\an7}\h\hGrove: THEY WERE BUILT AS
SUBMERSIBLE AIRCRAFT CARRIERS.
671
00:33:05,150 --> 00:33:08,053
{\an7}THE ORIGINAL PLAN SEEMS TO HAVE
BEEN TO ATTACK TARGETS
672
00:33:08,286 --> 00:33:09,888
{\an7}\h\hON THE WEST COAST
OF THE UNITED STATES,
673
00:33:09,988 --> 00:33:11,656
{\an7}\h\h\hPOSSIBLY USING
BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS,
674
00:33:11,890 --> 00:33:13,058
{\an7}BUT THERE WAS SOME DEBATE
675
00:33:13,091 --> 00:33:14,826
{\an7}IN THE JAPANESE HIGH COMMAND
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hABOUT THIS,
676
00:33:14,860 --> 00:33:16,895
{\an7}AND THEY WERE CONSIDERED
\h\hTO BE DISHONORABLE.
677
00:33:16,928 --> 00:33:18,897
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
FORTUNATELY FOR THE ALLIES,
678
00:33:18,930 --> 00:33:24,469
{\an7}THE JAPANESE SURRENDERED BEFORE
THE I-400s COULD BE DEPLOYED.
679
00:33:24,503 --> 00:33:27,272
{\an7}THE U.S. NAVY SEIZED
\hTHE GIGANTIC SUBS
680
00:33:27,305 --> 00:33:29,107
{\an7}AND HAD STARTED INSPECTING THEM
681
00:33:29,140 --> 00:33:31,242
{\an7}\hWHEN THE RUSSIANS
ANNOUNCED THEY, TOO,
682
00:33:31,276 --> 00:33:33,178
{\an7}WERE SENDING TEAMS
\h\hOF TECHNICIANS
683
00:33:33,211 --> 00:33:36,381
{\an7}TO ANALYZE THE I-400s.
684
00:33:36,414 --> 00:33:38,583
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hGrove:
THE AMERICANS TOOK THEM OVER
685
00:33:38,617 --> 00:33:41,086
{\an7}AND AS QUICKLY AS THEY COULD
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hSANK THEM,
686
00:33:41,119 --> 00:33:42,354
{\an7}BECAUSE THEY DIDN’T WANT
\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE RUSSIANS
687
00:33:42,387 --> 00:33:43,889
{\an7}GETTING THEIR HANDS ON THEM.
688
00:33:43,922 --> 00:33:45,657
{\an7}THEY DIDN’T WANT THE RUSSIANS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO HAVE A THREAT
689
00:33:45,690 --> 00:33:48,793
{\an7}AGAINST THE UNITED STATES
\h\h\hUSING SIMILAR IDEAS.
690
00:33:48,994 --> 00:33:50,629
{\an7}Narrator: FOR 200 YEARS,
691
00:33:50,662 --> 00:33:54,366
{\an7}CONFLICT HAD PROMPTED ADVANCES
\h\h\hIN SUBMARINE TECHNOLOGY.
692
00:33:54,533 --> 00:33:58,437
{\an7}THE THREAT OF A COLD WAR BETWEEN
THE WEST AND THE SOVIET UNION
693
00:33:58,470 --> 00:34:00,038
{\an7}WAS NO DIFFERENT--
694
00:34:00,071 --> 00:34:04,475
{\an7}\h\h\hA NEW TYPE OF SUBMARINE
WAS NEEDED FOR A NUCLEAR AGE.
695
00:34:07,779 --> 00:34:13,251
{\an7}ON JANUARY 21, 1954, NEW YORK’S
GRAND CENTRAL TERMINAL
696
00:34:13,285 --> 00:34:16,188
{\an7}WAS PARTICULARLY BUSY
\h\h\hFOR A THURSDAY.
697
00:34:16,221 --> 00:34:19,825
{\an7}\hEXTRA TRAINS HAD BEEN ENGAGED
TO TAKE PASSENGERS TO THE BANKS
698
00:34:19,858 --> 00:34:22,060
{\an7}OF THE THAMES RIVER
\h\h\hIN CONNECTICUT
699
00:34:22,093 --> 00:34:25,597
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hFOR THE LAUNCH
OF A VERY SPECIAL SUBMARINE.
700
00:34:25,630 --> 00:34:32,137
{\an7}♪
701
00:34:32,170 --> 00:34:36,107
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHE SUBMARINE HAD
THE HULL DESIGNATION "571,"
702
00:34:36,141 --> 00:34:39,678
{\an7}BUT WAS KNOWN AS "NAUTILUS,"
\h\hIN TRIBUTE TO THE VESSEL
703
00:34:39,711 --> 00:34:41,213
{\an7}IN JULES VERNE’S NOVEL
704
00:34:41,246 --> 00:34:45,417
{\an7}"TWENTY THOUSAND LEAGUES
\h\h\h\hUNDER THE SEA."
705
00:34:45,450 --> 00:34:46,718
{\an7}\h\hReginald Preston:
THE LAUNCH OF NAUTILUS
706
00:34:46,751 --> 00:34:48,219
{\an7}WAS A NATIONAL EVENT TRULY.
707
00:34:48,253 --> 00:34:50,155
{\an7}THERE WERE ON THE ORDER
\hOF ABOUT 15,000 PEOPLE
708
00:34:50,188 --> 00:34:52,757
{\an7}WHO DESCENDED ON THE AREA
\h\h\hTO VIEW THE LAUNCH.
709
00:34:52,791 --> 00:34:54,660
{\an7}THE LOCAL AIRPORT WAS SHUT DOWN
TO ACCOMMODATE
710
00:34:54,693 --> 00:34:57,095
{\an7}ALL THE SPECIAL CHARTER FLIGHTS
THAT WOULD COME IN.
711
00:34:57,128 --> 00:34:58,796
{\an7}SCHOOL KIDS LINED THE BANKS,
712
00:34:58,830 --> 00:35:01,833
{\an7}FIRST LADY MAMIE EISENHOWER
\h\hWAS THE SHIP’S SPONSOR,
713
00:35:01,866 --> 00:35:03,334
{\an7}AND AFTER ALL THE SPEECHES
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWERE DONE
714
00:35:03,368 --> 00:35:05,670
{\an7}\h\hSHE WAS THE ONE
WHO SWUNG THE BOTTLE
715
00:35:05,704 --> 00:35:07,239
{\an7}AS THE SHIP WAS LAUNCHED
716
00:35:07,272 --> 00:35:09,407
{\an7}AND SLID DOWN THE WAVES
\hINTO THE THAMES RIVER.
717
00:35:09,441 --> 00:35:11,543
{\an7}Narrator: FOR ALMOST 200 YEARS,
718
00:35:11,576 --> 00:35:14,512
{\an7}SUBMARINE DESIGNERS HAD BEEN
\h\hTRYING TO FIND A VESSEL
719
00:35:14,546 --> 00:35:18,417
{\an7}\h\hTHAT COULD STAY UNDERWATER
FOR THE LONGEST POSSIBLE TIME.
720
00:35:18,450 --> 00:35:22,421
{\an7}DIESEL SUBMARINES HAD PROVED
\hTHEMSELVES TO BE RELIABLE,
721
00:35:22,454 --> 00:35:25,624
{\an7}BUT THEY HAD THEIR LIMITATIONS.
722
00:35:25,657 --> 00:35:28,727
{\an7}\h\hTHEY COULD SUBMERGE
TO PERISCOPE DEPTH ONLY.
723
00:35:28,760 --> 00:35:32,564
{\an7}BATTERIES WITH A LIMITED LIFE
\hWERE USED WHEN GOING DEEPER.
724
00:35:32,597 --> 00:35:36,701
{\an7}ULTIMATELY THEY SPENT JUST 10%
\h\hOF THEIR TIME UNDERWATER.
725
00:35:36,735 --> 00:35:38,136
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hPreston:
WITH NUCLEAR PROPULSION,
726
00:35:38,169 --> 00:35:39,604
{\an7}YOU WERE NO LONGER TETHERED
\h\h\h\h\h\hTO THE SURFACE,
727
00:35:39,638 --> 00:35:41,073
{\an7}TO THE ATMOSPHERE,
728
00:35:41,272 --> 00:35:43,174
{\an7}\h\hTO RELY ON THAT OXYGEN
TO RUN YOUR DIESEL ENGINE,
729
00:35:43,208 --> 00:35:45,711
{\an7}AND SHE COULD RUN INDEFINITELY
\h\h\h\h\hAT DEPTH AND SPEED,
730
00:35:45,744 --> 00:35:47,546
{\an7}\hESSENTIALLY LIMITED
BY THE AMOUNT OF FOOD
731
00:35:47,579 --> 00:35:49,281
{\an7}THAT THEY TOOK ON BOARD
\h\h\hTO FEED THE CREW.
732
00:35:49,314 --> 00:35:51,049
{\an7}NOW THAT WE WERE NO LONGER
\h\h\h\h\hON THE SURFACE,
733
00:35:51,082 --> 00:35:52,450
{\an7}THE PREPONDERANCE OF THE TIME,
734
00:35:52,484 --> 00:35:54,853
{\an7}WE WERE EFFECTIVELY
UNABLE TO BE FOUND,
735
00:35:54,886 --> 00:35:56,121
{\an7}UNABLE TO BE LOCATED,
736
00:35:56,154 --> 00:35:57,856
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hWHICH MADE US
A VERY VENERABLE WEAPON
737
00:35:57,889 --> 00:35:59,457
{\an7}AGAINST ALL OTHER
\hSURFACE CONVOYS
738
00:35:59,491 --> 00:36:01,426
{\an7}THAT WE MIGHT COME UP AGAINST.
739
00:36:01,459 --> 00:36:03,728
{\an7}Narrator: A NUCLEAR SUBMARINE
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWORKS IN FACT
740
00:36:03,762 --> 00:36:05,897
{\an7}ON A VICTORIAN PRINCIPLE--
741
00:36:05,930 --> 00:36:09,066
{\an7}USING STEAM TO DRIVE A TURBINE.
742
00:36:09,100 --> 00:36:12,437
{\an7}WATER IS PUMPED AT PRESSURE
THROUGH THE NUCLEAR REACTOR
743
00:36:12,470 --> 00:36:14,439
{\an7}\h\h\hAND IS HEATED
AS THE REACTOR CORE
744
00:36:14,572 --> 00:36:16,841
{\an7}SPLITS URANIUM ATOMS.
745
00:36:16,875 --> 00:36:19,911
{\an7}A HEAT EXCHANGER USES
THE HOT REACTOR WATER
746
00:36:20,045 --> 00:36:21,980
{\an7}TO CREATE THE STEAM.
747
00:36:22,013 --> 00:36:24,916
{\an7}PRESSURE FROM THE STEAM
\hTHEN DRIVES A TURBINE
748
00:36:24,949 --> 00:36:27,051
{\an7}ATTACHED TO THE PROPELLER SHAFT
749
00:36:27,085 --> 00:36:30,355
{\an7}\h\hAND A SECOND TURBINE
TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY.
750
00:36:32,190 --> 00:36:35,627
{\an7}THE MAN BEHIND THE U.S. NAVY’S
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNUCLEAR PROGRAM
751
00:36:35,660 --> 00:36:37,662
{\an7}WAS ADMIRAL HYMAN RICKOVER,
752
00:36:37,696 --> 00:36:40,599
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hA MAVERICK WITH
AN ENGINEERING BACKGROUND.
753
00:36:40,632 --> 00:36:43,268
{\an7}\h\h\hRICKOVER FOUNDED
A NUCLEAR POWER SCHOOL
754
00:36:43,301 --> 00:36:48,006
{\an7}\h\hTO TRAIN HIS SUBMARINERS
FOR HIS REVOLUTIONARY FLEET.
755
00:36:48,039 --> 00:36:50,942
{\an7}Gary Bell: HE INTERVIEWED
PERHAPS THE TOP 10 OR 15%
756
00:36:50,975 --> 00:36:53,678
{\an7}OF THE SUBMARINE SCHOOL
GRADUATES AT THAT TIME,
757
00:36:53,712 --> 00:36:56,582
{\an7}PERSONALLY INTERVIEWED THEM,
\h\hAND SELECTED THEM TO GO,
758
00:36:56,614 --> 00:36:59,851
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND FROM THEN ON,
THE TRAINING WAS VERY RIGOROUS.
759
00:36:59,884 --> 00:37:01,386
{\an7}Grove: RICKOVER WAS
\hA VERY FORMIDABLE
760
00:37:01,419 --> 00:37:03,388
{\an7}BUREAUCRATIC POLITICIAN.
761
00:37:03,421 --> 00:37:04,856
{\an7}VERY STRONG-MINDED.
762
00:37:04,889 --> 00:37:07,759
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hBUT HE KNEW
HOW TO HANDLE CONGRESS,
763
00:37:07,792 --> 00:37:09,527
{\an7}AND HE GOT CONGRESSIONAL SUPPORT
764
00:37:09,561 --> 00:37:11,363
{\an7}\hFOR THE NUCLEAR
SUBMARINE PROGRAM
765
00:37:11,396 --> 00:37:13,498
{\an7}AND THE NUCLEAR POWER PROGRAM
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN GENERAL.
766
00:37:13,531 --> 00:37:16,768
{\an7}HE TRULY IS THE FATHER
\hOF THE NUCLEAR NAVY.
767
00:37:16,801 --> 00:37:18,403
{\an7}Bell: HE RODE EVERY SUBMARINE
768
00:37:18,436 --> 00:37:20,171
{\an7}\h\hTHAT WENT TO SEA
FOR THE FIRST TIME,
769
00:37:20,205 --> 00:37:21,840
{\an7}ON THEIR MAIDEN VOYAGE,
770
00:37:22,040 --> 00:37:25,644
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAND HE DICTATED WHAT
THE MAXIMUM SPEED WOULD BE.
771
00:37:25,677 --> 00:37:28,046
{\an7}\h\h\hAT SOME TIMES
DURING YOUR CAREER,
772
00:37:28,079 --> 00:37:29,280
{\an7}AT LEAST AS A COMMANDING OFFICER
773
00:37:29,314 --> 00:37:31,583
{\an7}WHENEVER YOU WERE
\hIN THE SHIPYARD,
774
00:37:31,616 --> 00:37:34,252
{\an7}\h\h\h\hYOU HAD TO WRITE HIM
A PERSONAL LETTER EVERY WEEK
775
00:37:34,285 --> 00:37:39,323
{\an7}AND DESCRIBE THOSE THINGS THAT,
THAT YOU MESSED UP ON,
776
00:37:39,357 --> 00:37:42,927
{\an7}AND IF YOU DIDN’T SAY, HEY,
YOU KNOW, I MESSED UP HERE,
777
00:37:42,961 --> 00:37:44,663
{\an7}HE WOULD GET ON THE PHONE
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND SAY,
778
00:37:44,696 --> 00:37:46,665
{\an7}"HEY, BELL, IF YOU DIDN’T FIND
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hANYTHING WRONG,
779
00:37:46,698 --> 00:37:50,302
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hYOU’RE NOT LOOKING,
GET DOWN THERE AND GET TO WORK."
780
00:37:50,335 --> 00:37:54,606
{\an7}Narrator: IN 1949, A PROTOTYPE
\h\hPRESSURIZED WATER REACTOR
781
00:37:54,639 --> 00:37:56,407
{\an7}INSIDE A SUBMARINE HULL
782
00:37:56,441 --> 00:38:00,312
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hWAS CONSTRUCTED
IN A REMOTE PART OF IDAHO.
783
00:38:00,345 --> 00:38:04,182
{\an7}\h\hWILLIAM ENGDALL, A MEMBER
OF NAUTILUS’ VERY FIRST CREW,
784
00:38:04,215 --> 00:38:06,217
{\an7}WAS SENT THERE FOR TRAINING.
785
00:38:08,520 --> 00:38:10,555
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hWilliam Engdall:
THEY ACTUALLY HAD THE WHOLE,
786
00:38:10,588 --> 00:38:13,558
{\an7}\h\hPART OF THE SUBMARINE THERE
OUT IN THE MIDDLE OF THE DESERT.
787
00:38:13,591 --> 00:38:15,026
{\an7}WE STAYED THERE FOR SIX WEEKS,
788
00:38:15,059 --> 00:38:16,961
{\an7}AND WE STOOD WATCHES ON THE HULL
AND SO FORTH.
789
00:38:16,995 --> 00:38:18,763
{\an7}\h\hI THINK WHAT IT WAS,
THEY WANTED TO MAKE SURE
790
00:38:18,797 --> 00:38:20,699
{\an7}THAT WE KNEW IT WASN’T
\hGOING TO BE A THREAT
791
00:38:20,732 --> 00:38:24,436
{\an7}OR THERE WOULD BE NO DANGER
\h\h\hOF THE NUCLEAR POWER.
792
00:38:24,469 --> 00:38:28,707
{\an7}Narrator: AT 11 A.M.
ON JANUARY 15, 1955,
793
00:38:28,740 --> 00:38:31,376
{\an7}THE EVER-RELIABLE TUG
\h\h\h\h\hKINGSTON II
794
00:38:31,409 --> 00:38:32,911
{\an7}ASSISTED THE NAUTILUS
795
00:38:33,077 --> 00:38:35,980
{\an7}AS SHE HEADED TO SEA
FOR THE FIRST TIME.
796
00:38:36,014 --> 00:38:38,917
{\an7}NUCLEAR VESSELS NEED HELP
\h\h\hGETTING OUT OF PORT,
797
00:38:38,950 --> 00:38:41,653
{\an7}JUST LIKE DIESEL VESSELS.
798
00:38:41,753 --> 00:38:44,522
{\an7}NAUTILUS SOON PROVED TO BE
\h\h\h\hEXTREMELY QUICK--
799
00:38:44,556 --> 00:38:48,160
{\an7}ABOVE AND BELOW THE WATER.
800
00:38:48,326 --> 00:38:50,161
{\an7}\h\hPreston: WE HAVE A PIECE
OF THE ORIGINAL TEAK DECKING
801
00:38:50,195 --> 00:38:51,596
{\an7}OFF THE SHIP.
802
00:38:51,629 --> 00:38:53,531
{\an7}THE SHIP WAS ACTUALLY SO FAST
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAT THE TIME
803
00:38:53,565 --> 00:38:55,734
{\an7}THAT THIS PORTION, AS WELL AS
\h\h\hSEVERAL OTHER PORTIONS,
804
00:38:55,767 --> 00:38:57,302
{\an7}\h\h\hWERE ACTUALLY
RIPPED OFF THE DECK
805
00:38:57,335 --> 00:38:59,838
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hDUE TO THE SHIP’S
INCREDIBLE SPEED CAPABILITY.
806
00:38:59,871 --> 00:39:01,606
{\an7}WE’D NEVER BEFORE
\hHAD A SUBMARINE
807
00:39:01,639 --> 00:39:05,376
{\an7}CAPABLE OF THIS KIND
OF FORCE AND POWER.
808
00:39:05,410 --> 00:39:07,779
{\an7}Narrator: NAUTILUS WAS LOVED
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBY HER CREWS.
809
00:39:07,812 --> 00:39:10,782
{\an7}SHE HAD ALMOST EVERY
\hCREATURE COMFORT--
810
00:39:10,815 --> 00:39:13,685
{\an7}A COKE MACHINE, A JUKEBOX--
811
00:39:13,718 --> 00:39:18,089
{\an7}\h\h\hAND PURER AIR
THAN ON THE SURFACE.
812
00:39:18,122 --> 00:39:21,125
{\an7}\h\hEngdall: I CAN STILL HAVE
FLASHBACKS OF DIFFERENT THINGS
813
00:39:21,159 --> 00:39:24,295
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHAT HAPPENED TO ME
WHEN I WAS ACTUALLY AT SEA.
814
00:39:24,329 --> 00:39:26,264
{\an7}\h\h\h\hI CAN STILL THINK
OF DIFFERENT INTERACTIONS
815
00:39:26,297 --> 00:39:27,598
{\an7}AND DIFFERENT THINGS WE DID.
816
00:39:27,665 --> 00:39:28,933
{\an7}YOU’RE IN THE TORPEDO ROOM
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hRIGHT NOW.
817
00:39:28,967 --> 00:39:31,636
{\an7}MY BUNK WAS RIGHT HERE,
AND I USED TO HAVE A GUY
818
00:39:31,669 --> 00:39:34,105
{\an7}WHO USED TO SLEEP NEXT TO ME,
\h\h\hAND HE SNORED TERRIBLY.
819
00:39:34,138 --> 00:39:37,308
{\an7}\hHE’D KEEP ME AWAKE, YOU KNOW,
SO WHAT I’D DO IS I’D SHAKE HIM
820
00:39:37,342 --> 00:39:39,811
{\an7}AND SAY "FRENCH, FRENCH,
\hTIME TO GO ON WATCH."
821
00:39:39,844 --> 00:39:42,080
{\an7}WHAT HE’D DO IS HE’D GET UP
AND GO CLEAN UP AND ALL THAT
822
00:39:42,113 --> 00:39:43,214
{\an7}AND PUT HIS CLOTHES ON,
823
00:39:43,248 --> 00:39:44,683
{\an7}AND THEN I’D TRY TO GET TO SLEEP
824
00:39:44,716 --> 00:39:46,818
{\an7}\h\h\h\hBEFORE HE REALIZED
HE WASN’T GOING ON WATCH.
825
00:39:46,851 --> 00:39:49,053
{\an7}[CHUCKLES]
826
00:39:49,087 --> 00:39:50,922
{\an7}Narrator: AND IT SET
A REMARKABLE NUMBER
827
00:39:50,955 --> 00:39:53,224
{\an7}OF ENDURANCE RECORDS,
828
00:39:53,258 --> 00:39:56,495
{\an7}\h\h\hAND IN JULY 1958
EMBARKED ON A MISSION
829
00:39:56,527 --> 00:40:00,531
{\an7}\hTO TRAVEL UNDER THE ICE
AND REACH THE NORTH POLE.
830
00:40:00,565 --> 00:40:02,834
{\an7}Preston: THIS WAS PRESIDENT
\h\h\hEISENHOWER’S RESPONSE
831
00:40:02,867 --> 00:40:06,270
{\an7}\hTO THE SOVIET LAUNCHING
OF THE SPUTNIK SATELLITE.
832
00:40:06,304 --> 00:40:08,306
{\an7}WE WERE UNABLE TO GET
\h\hOUR SPACE PROGRAM
833
00:40:08,339 --> 00:40:09,874
{\an7}SUCCESSFULLY INTO SPACE,
834
00:40:09,908 --> 00:40:11,877
{\an7}\h\h\hAND WE WERE BEHIND
IN THE TECHNOLOGY RACE.
835
00:40:11,910 --> 00:40:13,612
{\an7}WE WERE ALSO BEHIND POLITICALLY,
836
00:40:13,645 --> 00:40:16,448
{\an7}BECAUSE IT LOOKED LIKE WE WERE
\hFALLING BEHIND THE SOVIETS.
837
00:40:16,481 --> 00:40:18,950
{\an7}\hNEEDING A SOLUTION, A MILITARY
SOLUTION TO A POLITICAL PROBLEM,
838
00:40:18,983 --> 00:40:21,919
{\an7}EISENHOWER TAPPED THE NAVY
\hAND THE SUBMARINE FORCE
839
00:40:21,953 --> 00:40:23,788
{\an7}\hTO SEND NAUTILUS
TO THE NORTH POLE
840
00:40:23,821 --> 00:40:26,324
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTO PROVE THAT WE HAD
THE TECHNOLOGY AND THE ABILITY
841
00:40:26,357 --> 00:40:29,293
{\an7}TO GET UNDER THE ICE PACK
\h\hAND OPERATE IN AN AREA
842
00:40:29,327 --> 00:40:33,932
{\an7}WHERE SUBMARINES HAD NEVER
\h\hOPERATED BEFORE THEN.
843
00:40:33,965 --> 00:40:36,568
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator: IT WAS
A HIGHLY DANGEROUS MISSION.
844
00:40:36,601 --> 00:40:39,504
{\an7}COMPASSES DIDN’T WORK
SO CLOSE TO THE POLE.
845
00:40:39,537 --> 00:40:42,940
{\an7}\h\h\hAND THERE WERE NO CHARTS
SHOWING THE DEPTH OF THE ICE.
846
00:40:42,974 --> 00:40:47,345
{\an7}HER CAPTAIN, WILLIAM ANDERSON,
WAS PREPARED TO FIRE TORPEDOES
847
00:40:47,378 --> 00:40:50,414
{\an7}TO BLAST A HOLE IN THE ICE
\h\h\h\h\h\hIF NECESSARY.
848
00:40:50,448 --> 00:40:53,084
{\an7}BUT ON AUGUST 3, 1958,
849
00:40:53,117 --> 00:40:56,554
{\an7}NAUTILUS SUCCESSFULLY PASSED
\h\h\hUNDER THE NORTH POLE.
850
00:40:56,587 --> 00:41:00,491
{\an7}\h\hONE OF HER CREW DRESSED
AS SANTA CLAUS TO CELEBRATE.
851
00:41:14,939 --> 00:41:17,475
{\an7}\hNarrator: NAUTILUS WENT ON
TO PATROL THE WORLD’S OCEANS
852
00:41:17,508 --> 00:41:19,510
{\an7}FOR ALMOST 30 YEARS--
853
00:41:19,544 --> 00:41:23,114
{\an7}\hA POWERFUL SYMBOL
OF NAVAL SUPREMACY.
854
00:41:23,147 --> 00:41:24,849
{\an7}\hPreston: WHILE HISTORIANS
WILL TELL YOU THAT THE SHIFT
855
00:41:24,882 --> 00:41:27,184
{\an7}\h\h\hFROM, SAY, SAILS
AND SHIPS OF THE LINE
856
00:41:27,218 --> 00:41:29,687
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTO COAL-FIRED
AND STEAM-POWERED SHIPS
857
00:41:29,721 --> 00:41:31,523
{\an7}WAS IMPORTANT IN NAVAL WARFARE,
858
00:41:31,556 --> 00:41:33,324
{\an7}NAUTILUS WAS NOT ONLY IMPORTANT
IN NAVAL WARFARE,
859
00:41:33,358 --> 00:41:36,661
{\an7}SHE WAS ALSO IMPORTANT
\h\hIN WORLD HISTORY.
860
00:41:36,694 --> 00:41:38,763
{\an7}Grove: THE NUCLEAR SUBMARINE
\h\h\hALLOWED THE SUBMARINE
861
00:41:38,796 --> 00:41:41,365
{\an7}TO FULFILL ALL ITS POTENTIAL.
862
00:41:41,399 --> 00:41:43,935
{\an7}THEY ARE AMAZING PIECES
\h\h\h\h\hOF TECHNOLOGY.
863
00:41:43,968 --> 00:41:47,605
{\an7}Narrator: THE SUBMARINE BEGAN
\h\h\h\hAS A RISKY EXPERIMENT
864
00:41:47,638 --> 00:41:51,008
{\an7}WITH LITTLE HOPE OF SUCCESS.
865
00:41:51,042 --> 00:41:53,278
{\an7}BUT IT BECAME A VESSEL
866
00:41:53,311 --> 00:41:57,348
{\an7}THAT COULD SINGLE-HANDEDLY
CHANGE THE FORTUNE OF WAR.
104044
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.