Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
1
00:00:05,739 --> 00:00:09,109
♪
2
00:00:09,142 --> 00:00:10,910
REPORTER:
Now, ladies and gentlemen,
3
00:00:10,944 --> 00:00:13,913
the president
of the United States.
4
00:00:17,117 --> 00:00:20,820
LYNDON JOHNSON:
Our American dream
for outer space
5
00:00:20,854 --> 00:00:25,425
is a dream of peace and
a dream of friendly cooperation
6
00:00:25,458 --> 00:00:27,894
among all the nations
of the Earth.
7
00:00:27,927 --> 00:00:29,829
We intend
8
00:00:29,863 --> 00:00:33,166
to live up to our agreement
9
00:00:33,199 --> 00:00:36,970
not to orbit
weapons of mass destruction.
10
00:00:37,003 --> 00:00:41,241
And we will continue to hold out
to all nations,
11
00:00:41,274 --> 00:00:43,309
including the Soviet Union,
12
00:00:43,343 --> 00:00:45,979
the hand of cooperation
13
00:00:46,012 --> 00:00:49,349
in the exciting years
of space exploration
14
00:00:49,382 --> 00:00:52,285
which lie ahead for all of us.
15
00:00:52,318 --> 00:00:58,058
♪
16
00:00:59,893 --> 00:01:03,797
(camera clicking,
audience cheering)
17
00:01:07,600 --> 00:01:11,037
JOHN LOGSDON:
In the immediate aftermath of
John Kennedy's assassination,
18
00:01:11,071 --> 00:01:14,841
there was a question put
to the new President Johnson,
19
00:01:14,874 --> 00:01:17,577
"What do you want to do
about the Kennedy initiative
20
00:01:17,610 --> 00:01:20,947
to do joint missions to the moon
with the Soviet Union?"
21
00:01:23,683 --> 00:01:26,352
Johnson was skeptical,
22
00:01:26,386 --> 00:01:30,223
but NASA didn't want
to cooperate.
23
00:01:30,256 --> 00:01:33,993
And so the decision was,
"Let's not bother."
24
00:01:34,027 --> 00:01:35,895
(spectators applauding)
25
00:01:38,498 --> 00:01:40,633
NASA and the Apollo program had
literally
26
00:01:40,667 --> 00:01:44,204
the highest national priority.
27
00:01:44,237 --> 00:01:45,672
REPORTER:
Do we have any knowledge
how we're doing
28
00:01:45,705 --> 00:01:50,143
in this race to the moon
with the Soviet Union?
29
00:01:50,176 --> 00:01:53,480
Well, all we know is that
the Russians have demonstrated,
30
00:01:53,513 --> 00:01:55,248
repeatedly, a great competence
31
00:01:55,281 --> 00:01:58,885
in, in
their manned-space operations.
32
00:01:58,918 --> 00:02:02,889
I think we... should not believe
33
00:02:02,922 --> 00:02:05,258
that they are suddenly
giving up...
34
00:02:05,291 --> 00:02:06,759
giving up in this race.
35
00:02:06,793 --> 00:02:10,630
I'm convinced that
they will make an all-out effort
36
00:02:10,663 --> 00:02:12,866
to land on the moon ahead of us.
37
00:02:12,899 --> 00:02:17,103
We stop racing,
they will undoubtedly win.
38
00:02:18,571 --> 00:02:21,641
♪
39
00:02:21,674 --> 00:02:27,180
NEIL ARMSTRONG:
That's one small step for a man,
40
00:02:27,213 --> 00:02:31,217
one giant leap for mankind.
41
00:02:31,251 --> 00:02:35,622
♪
42
00:03:01,381 --> 00:03:04,284
♪
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=MPEGTS:187507, LOCAL:00:00:00.000
43
00:03:17,263 --> 00:03:21,000
♪
44
00:03:51,831 --> 00:03:54,067
(rocket firing)
45
00:03:55,635 --> 00:04:01,975
♪
46
00:04:07,247 --> 00:04:10,250
LOGSDON:
People didn't know for sure
at the time,
47
00:04:10,283 --> 00:04:11,684
but the reality was
48
00:04:11,718 --> 00:04:13,519
that the Soviet Union
didn't have a moon program.
49
00:04:13,553 --> 00:04:17,090
Turned out the Soviets were
still debating
50
00:04:17,123 --> 00:04:19,892
whether to go to the moon
or not.
51
00:04:19,926 --> 00:04:24,264
♪
52
00:04:25,531 --> 00:04:27,700
SERGEI KHRUSHCHEV:
My father was pragmatic.
53
00:04:27,734 --> 00:04:30,103
So when Korolyov came
to my father
54
00:04:30,136 --> 00:04:34,907
and told, "We have to work now
on the new N1 launcher
55
00:04:34,941 --> 00:04:39,345
to send the men to the moon,"
my father told, "No.
56
00:04:39,379 --> 00:04:44,183
First, give me the cost
of the project."
57
00:04:44,217 --> 00:04:47,887
And Korolyov could not answer.
58
00:04:47,920 --> 00:04:51,357
And he told,
"I have different priorities.
59
00:04:51,391 --> 00:04:54,961
"We have to improve life
of our people.
60
00:04:54,994 --> 00:04:56,329
"We need to invest
in the housing,
61
00:04:56,362 --> 00:05:00,266
"in the producing
of the consumer goods.
62
00:05:00,300 --> 00:05:03,603
"Americans spend their money.
63
00:05:03,636 --> 00:05:09,509
I spend my people money,
and I am responsible for them."
64
00:05:09,542 --> 00:05:14,547
So he, at last he approved
the preliminary design
65
00:05:14,580 --> 00:05:16,549
of this lunar program
66
00:05:16,582 --> 00:05:20,853
only in August 1964.
67
00:05:20,887 --> 00:05:25,058
But the real lunar race started
68
00:05:25,091 --> 00:05:28,928
only after my father
was ousted of power.
69
00:05:28,961 --> 00:05:33,299
♪
70
00:05:33,333 --> 00:05:37,537
After that, his successor,
Brezhnev, didn't count money,
71
00:05:37,570 --> 00:05:39,138
and he told, "Go ahead,
72
00:05:39,172 --> 00:05:42,241
I will give you
everything what you want."
73
00:05:45,745 --> 00:05:48,915
♪
74
00:05:55,488 --> 00:05:58,725
GEORGE ALEXANDER:
From the very beginning,
75
00:05:58,758 --> 00:06:01,160
the Russian manned space flight
program
76
00:06:01,194 --> 00:06:07,033
compiled a very proud list
of firsts--
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=MPEGTS:187507, LOCAL:00:00:00.000
77
00:06:07,033 --> 00:06:07,066
compiled a very proud list
of firsts--
78
00:06:07,066 --> 00:06:10,970
the first woman into orbit
around the Earth,
79
00:06:11,003 --> 00:06:16,209
the first multiple crew,
80
00:06:16,242 --> 00:06:18,211
the first spacewalk.
81
00:06:18,244 --> 00:06:23,349
(cosmonauts speaking Russian)
82
00:06:23,383 --> 00:06:30,089
♪
83
00:06:30,123 --> 00:06:33,659
These were all
very impressive achievements.
84
00:06:33,693 --> 00:06:35,361
It may have been
a little bit crude
85
00:06:35,395 --> 00:06:36,796
and rough around the edges,
86
00:06:36,829 --> 00:06:38,030
but they did it.
87
00:06:38,064 --> 00:06:39,532
(device beeps)
88
00:06:39,565 --> 00:06:43,069
However, the Russians hadn't--
at that time--
89
00:06:43,102 --> 00:06:46,806
mastered the problem
of rendezvous and docking,
90
00:06:46,839 --> 00:06:53,379
a critical part of
the total lunar landing process.
91
00:06:55,815 --> 00:07:00,319
All the steps involved
in Apollo,
92
00:07:00,353 --> 00:07:05,124
those were all things that had
to happen pretty much perfectly,
93
00:07:05,158 --> 00:07:08,561
some 230,000 miles away,
on the moon.
94
00:07:08,594 --> 00:07:09,929
And you didn't want to try
95
00:07:09,962 --> 00:07:12,799
to do all those things
for the first time
96
00:07:12,832 --> 00:07:15,435
so far away from home.
97
00:07:15,468 --> 00:07:20,773
Gemini was going to prove
the lunar-orbit rendezvous.
98
00:07:22,408 --> 00:07:24,110
(clanking)
99
00:07:24,143 --> 00:07:26,979
♪
100
00:07:27,013 --> 00:07:30,917
WALTER CRONKITE:
This is the equipment
that will be the first computer
101
00:07:30,950 --> 00:07:33,686
ever put into space
in a manned spacecraft--
102
00:07:33,719 --> 00:07:35,154
a ingenious device
103
00:07:35,188 --> 00:07:38,057
which will enable
these astronauts
104
00:07:38,090 --> 00:07:41,260
to do the thing
which Gemini is designed to do,
105
00:07:41,294 --> 00:07:44,230
and that's for the first time
to maneuver in outer space
106
00:07:44,263 --> 00:07:47,667
so that they can link up
with another vehicle out there
107
00:07:47,700 --> 00:07:52,371
and build space platforms
for future space exploration.
108
00:07:52,405 --> 00:07:54,774
What they will be doing
on this GT3,
109
00:07:54,807 --> 00:07:56,742
this first manned Gemini flight,
110
00:07:56,776 --> 00:08:01,013
the first maneuver will be
to change the orbit, actually...
111
00:08:01,047 --> 00:08:04,250
JOEL BANOW:
I don't think there was anybody
like Walter Cronkite.
112
00:08:04,283 --> 00:08:05,818
He was like a kid.
113
00:08:05,852 --> 00:08:10,423
He loved imparting the wonder
of space
114
00:08:10,456 --> 00:08:13,125
and what man was doing.
115
00:08:13,159 --> 00:08:16,829
He made the average viewer
really connect,
116
00:08:16,863 --> 00:08:18,698
as he really connected,
117
00:08:18,731 --> 00:08:22,568
to the whole subject
of man going into space.
118
00:08:22,602 --> 00:08:24,403
Their target vehicle is
119
00:08:24,437 --> 00:08:27,440
in a perfect orbit
encircling the Earth.
120
00:08:27,473 --> 00:08:29,008
It's now midway over Australia.
121
00:08:29,041 --> 00:08:30,743
It'll be back over the Cape here
122
00:08:30,776 --> 00:08:32,578
in 38 minutes.
123
00:08:32,612 --> 00:08:34,213
ALEXANDER:
I was excited,
124
00:08:34,247 --> 00:08:39,519
I thought, "Here we are
in the new frontier."
125
00:08:39,552 --> 00:08:44,290
And there was support for the
cost and the risks initially,
126
00:08:44,323 --> 00:08:47,226
but as time went on,
127
00:08:47,260 --> 00:08:52,331
that began to erode.
128
00:08:52,365 --> 00:08:56,502
MARK BLOOM:
We had mixed obligations,
I always felt.
129
00:08:56,536 --> 00:09:00,740
We had the obligation
to present the enthusiasm.
130
00:09:00,773 --> 00:09:05,478
Historically,
man going to the moon--
131
00:09:05,511 --> 00:09:10,349
that was an amazing thing.
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=MPEGTS:187507, LOCAL:00:00:00.000
132
00:09:10,349 --> 00:09:10,383
that was an amazing thing.
133
00:09:10,383 --> 00:09:12,351
The second part of the story is,
134
00:09:12,385 --> 00:09:17,723
we are covering
a government agency, NASA,
135
00:09:17,757 --> 00:09:20,459
which is spending $24 billion,
136
00:09:20,493 --> 00:09:26,465
which, in those days,
was a huge amount of money.
137
00:09:26,499 --> 00:09:28,501
So we had to cover
that element to it.
138
00:09:28,534 --> 00:09:31,170
(clanking)
139
00:09:33,439 --> 00:09:35,841
I don't think
I covered it properly.
140
00:09:35,875 --> 00:09:39,612
If anything, I erred on the
side of covering the adventure.
141
00:09:43,082 --> 00:09:46,052
The space program is costing us
about $5 billion a year,
142
00:09:46,085 --> 00:09:47,920
and if there is anyone left
anywhere
143
00:09:47,954 --> 00:09:49,355
who still cares about money,
144
00:09:49,388 --> 00:09:50,957
he might reasonably ask
145
00:09:50,990 --> 00:09:52,792
what we are getting
for all of it.
146
00:09:52,825 --> 00:09:56,462
If it is simply a matter of
keeping ahead of the Russians
147
00:09:56,495 --> 00:10:00,066
in a procession of high-altitude
tricks and stunts,
148
00:10:00,099 --> 00:10:01,500
it probably isn't worth it.
149
00:10:01,534 --> 00:10:03,736
It is doubtful that a few points
150
00:10:03,769 --> 00:10:05,838
on the international Gallup poll
in Asia and Africa,
151
00:10:05,871 --> 00:10:08,741
a little increased national
prestige in Asia and Africa,
152
00:10:08,774 --> 00:10:12,845
it's doubtful that's worth more
than maybe 35 cents.
153
00:10:12,878 --> 00:10:14,180
If it is simply a matter
154
00:10:14,213 --> 00:10:17,650
of displaying
our technical expertise
155
00:10:17,683 --> 00:10:20,953
by orbiting around the Earth
a series of metal tanks
156
00:10:20,987 --> 00:10:23,889
carrying men, radios,
switches, knobs,
157
00:10:23,923 --> 00:10:25,625
and chicken salad
in squeeze tubes--
158
00:10:25,658 --> 00:10:27,493
that probably
isn't worth the money, either.
159
00:10:27,526 --> 00:10:29,295
(crowd cheering)
160
00:10:29,328 --> 00:10:31,797
But there is another element.
161
00:10:31,831 --> 00:10:34,800
It is said
that by exploring space,
162
00:10:34,834 --> 00:10:36,636
we will increase the sum
of human knowledge
163
00:10:36,669 --> 00:10:39,772
and perhaps make
some basic discoveries,
164
00:10:39,805 --> 00:10:45,177
learn some dimensions and
insights previously unknown.
165
00:10:45,211 --> 00:10:50,316
♪
166
00:10:50,349 --> 00:10:52,184
ANDERS:
NASA was always trying to sell
the program.
167
00:10:52,218 --> 00:10:55,054
(crowd cheering)
168
00:10:55,087 --> 00:10:57,390
And we'd go out
and talk to kids in schools,
169
00:10:57,423 --> 00:11:00,192
and, and we'd call it
the Week in the Barrel.
170
00:11:00,226 --> 00:11:02,628
MAN:
I think those already
that know me...
171
00:11:02,662 --> 00:11:04,530
ANDERS:
In the old days,
in sailing ships,
172
00:11:04,563 --> 00:11:05,865
they'd stick one guy
in the barrel,
173
00:11:05,898 --> 00:11:07,366
and he'd have to put
his rear end by the hole,
174
00:11:07,400 --> 00:11:09,168
and everybody would take
their turn.
175
00:11:09,201 --> 00:11:10,736
REPORTER:
Flight of yours is...
176
00:11:10,770 --> 00:11:12,071
ANDERS:
So we had our week
in the barrel.
177
00:11:12,104 --> 00:11:13,839
(reporter talking in background)
178
00:11:13,873 --> 00:11:16,308
ED BUCKBEE:
"Astronaut in a Barrel"--
179
00:11:16,342 --> 00:11:18,944
one astronaut per week
would be selected,
180
00:11:18,978 --> 00:11:22,515
and that astronaut,
for one week, they were ours,
181
00:11:22,548 --> 00:11:24,383
for speaking engagements,
182
00:11:24,417 --> 00:11:26,218
television appearances,
whatever.
183
00:11:26,252 --> 00:11:28,320
You know, we managed them.
184
00:11:28,354 --> 00:11:29,855
Astronauts hated it.
185
00:11:29,889 --> 00:11:32,458
(crowd applauding)
186
00:11:32,491 --> 00:11:34,894
FRANK BORMAN:
The astronauts were used
187
00:11:34,927 --> 00:11:38,698
as a PR tool by NASA
very effectively.
188
00:11:38,731 --> 00:11:40,166
And I have been on more parades
189
00:11:40,199 --> 00:11:45,171
and spoken
to more chambers of commerce...
190
00:11:45,204 --> 00:11:46,739
You know, this was more
than just PR.
191
00:11:46,772 --> 00:11:51,644
This was, was
ingratiating congressmen
192
00:11:51,677 --> 00:11:53,946
to get their support.
193
00:11:53,979 --> 00:11:57,983
Unless $141 million was restored
in the supplemental
194
00:11:58,017 --> 00:12:01,954
and the five billion,
304 million dollars approved,
195
00:12:01,987 --> 00:12:05,291
we are near the position
196
00:12:05,324 --> 00:12:06,926
where we simply
will have to say,
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=MPEGTS:187507, LOCAL:00:00:00.000
197
00:12:06,926 --> 00:12:06,959
where we simply
will have to say,
198
00:12:06,959 --> 00:12:09,962
"We're not going to do it
in this decade."
199
00:12:09,995 --> 00:12:14,200
BORMAN:
Mr. Webb used it
very, very effectively.
200
00:12:14,233 --> 00:12:17,803
Webb understood you had to have
the support of the Congress
201
00:12:17,837 --> 00:12:19,038
to get this thing done.
202
00:12:19,071 --> 00:12:20,706
You're not supposed to be
a Texan.
203
00:12:20,740 --> 00:12:23,275
Jim, you should have seen him
with his Texas boots on.
204
00:12:23,309 --> 00:12:26,545
I had my boots on
a minute ago...
205
00:12:26,579 --> 00:12:29,148
BORMAN:
He understood
how democracy works.
206
00:12:29,181 --> 00:12:32,618
♪
207
00:12:32,651 --> 00:12:34,954
ANDERS:
There was a lot of
apple-polishing
208
00:12:34,987 --> 00:12:36,155
with congressmen,
209
00:12:36,188 --> 00:12:37,690
and so if a congressman wanted
210
00:12:37,723 --> 00:12:39,925
to have some astronaut appear
with him,
211
00:12:39,959 --> 00:12:42,061
he just snapped his fingers.
212
00:12:42,094 --> 00:12:44,330
(phone ringing)
213
00:12:44,363 --> 00:12:48,067
Congressman Teague of Texas's
office.
214
00:12:48,100 --> 00:12:50,236
ANDERS:
I became buddies
215
00:12:50,269 --> 00:12:52,872
with Congressman,
Chairman Teague
216
00:12:52,905 --> 00:12:55,107
of the House Space Committee.
217
00:12:55,141 --> 00:12:58,043
"Tiger" Teague was
from a district
218
00:12:58,077 --> 00:13:00,412
where I had lived in Texas.
219
00:13:00,446 --> 00:13:02,848
I was one of his favorites.
220
00:13:02,882 --> 00:13:06,051
George, would additional money
221
00:13:06,085 --> 00:13:09,755
to any degree improve
or change the Gemini program?
222
00:13:09,789 --> 00:13:12,958
If I may have
the first slide,
223
00:13:12,992 --> 00:13:14,827
I thought
you might be interested
224
00:13:14,860 --> 00:13:16,929
in the rendezvous operation.
225
00:13:16,962 --> 00:13:18,798
I think the Gemini's
in good shape,
226
00:13:18,831 --> 00:13:20,132
but I think
the Apollo program
227
00:13:20,166 --> 00:13:22,234
is going to have to have
more money.
228
00:13:22,268 --> 00:13:24,069
I understand
that NASA is hesitant
229
00:13:24,103 --> 00:13:26,839
about pestering the Bureau
of the Budget for more money,
230
00:13:26,872 --> 00:13:28,407
but if NASA's going to tell us
231
00:13:28,440 --> 00:13:29,875
that we're not going to get
to the moon by '70
232
00:13:29,909 --> 00:13:31,410
because of money,
233
00:13:31,443 --> 00:13:33,746
I think that the committee
should certainly be aware of it,
234
00:13:33,779 --> 00:13:35,514
and that NASA doesn't come back
here later
235
00:13:35,548 --> 00:13:37,249
and say, "We didn't succeed
236
00:13:37,283 --> 00:13:40,252
because the committee didn't get
the money for that."
237
00:13:40,286 --> 00:13:43,422
BUCKBEE:
I remember being there one day,
238
00:13:43,455 --> 00:13:47,059
and as we were breaking up,
this congressman stood up
239
00:13:47,092 --> 00:13:50,396
and said, "Dr. von Braun,
do you need any more money?"
240
00:13:50,429 --> 00:13:56,302
And I thought, "I've never heard
that comment made."
241
00:13:56,335 --> 00:13:59,271
(birds squawking)
242
00:14:02,308 --> 00:14:06,078
CRONKITE:
In these final days before the
launch of this Gemini flight,
243
00:14:06,111 --> 00:14:07,680
now scheduled for next Tuesday,
244
00:14:07,713 --> 00:14:11,450
dozens of contractors
in dozens of buildings
245
00:14:11,483 --> 00:14:13,052
all over Cape Kennedy
246
00:14:13,085 --> 00:14:14,520
are going through
the final tests
247
00:14:14,553 --> 00:14:16,322
of their pieces of equipment
248
00:14:16,355 --> 00:14:19,158
that will be in this
complex booster and spacecraft
249
00:14:19,191 --> 00:14:23,929
when they blast off from Pad 19.
250
00:14:23,963 --> 00:14:25,397
LOGSDON:
The start
of the Gemini launches,
251
00:14:25,431 --> 00:14:28,500
I mean, there were ten launches
in 12 months.
252
00:14:28,534 --> 00:14:30,302
There was lots of stuff
going on,
253
00:14:30,336 --> 00:14:31,971
lot of public interest,
254
00:14:32,004 --> 00:14:36,976
and all of it clearly leading up
to the Apollo landing.
255
00:14:37,009 --> 00:14:39,745
CRONKITE:
1:40 and counting
at Cape Kennedy
256
00:14:39,778 --> 00:14:41,213
under cloudless skies.
257
00:14:41,247 --> 00:14:42,648
Astronauts McDivitt and White,
258
00:14:42,681 --> 00:14:45,584
preparing for four days in space
259
00:14:45,618 --> 00:14:47,386
and America's first walk
in space.
260
00:14:47,419 --> 00:14:49,021
JACK KING:
T minus 90 seconds and counting.
261
00:14:49,054 --> 00:14:51,857
The launch vehicle has gone
to internal power.
262
00:14:51,891 --> 00:14:54,093
The launch vehicle is now
on its own battery power.
263
00:14:54,126 --> 00:14:57,096
CRONKITE:
Everything is go
for this mission,
264
00:14:57,129 --> 00:14:59,265
from all the tracking stations
around the world.
265
00:14:59,298 --> 00:15:02,902
KING:
Three, two, one, zero.
266
00:15:02,935 --> 00:15:04,536
(rocket firing)
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=MPEGTS:187507, LOCAL:00:00:00.000
267
00:15:05,771 --> 00:15:08,107
Liftoff.
268
00:15:14,213 --> 00:15:19,518
♪
269
00:15:25,958 --> 00:15:29,061
(people talking on radio)
270
00:15:35,434 --> 00:15:41,340
♪
271
00:15:52,584 --> 00:15:56,188
CHET HUNTLEY:
Space pilots McDivitt and White
are at this moment
272
00:15:56,221 --> 00:15:57,856
in their 18th orbit
of the Earth.
273
00:15:57,890 --> 00:16:00,926
They've been aloft 27 hours,
44 minutes.
274
00:16:00,960 --> 00:16:03,462
They are currently
over Western Australia.
275
00:16:03,495 --> 00:16:06,598
The two pilots have flown
about 430,000 miles,
276
00:16:06,632 --> 00:16:09,802
nearly the distance
of a round trip to the moon.
277
00:16:09,835 --> 00:16:11,837
MISSION CONTROL:
...your heat exchanger
to four...
278
00:16:11,870 --> 00:16:14,707
Gemini 4, Gemini 4.
279
00:16:14,740 --> 00:16:16,775
ANDERS:
A major element of Gemini
280
00:16:16,809 --> 00:16:20,012
was getting outside
of the spacecraft.
281
00:16:20,045 --> 00:16:24,483
And we called it the E.V.A.,
or extra-vehicular activity.
282
00:16:24,516 --> 00:16:26,885
MISSION CONTROL:
Gemini 4, copy...
283
00:16:26,919 --> 00:16:32,191
MICHAEL COLLINS:
The first E.V.As., of course,
were on the Gemini 4, Ed White.
284
00:16:32,224 --> 00:16:35,961
Ed White was just to get out
and see what it was like
285
00:16:35,995 --> 00:16:38,497
and then to come back in.
286
00:16:38,530 --> 00:16:40,232
WHITE (on radio):
Okay, I'm out.
287
00:16:40,265 --> 00:16:44,103
MCDIVITT (on radio):
Okay, he's out, oh-three.
288
00:16:44,136 --> 00:16:46,071
♪
289
00:16:46,105 --> 00:16:48,040
WHITE:
This is the greatest experience
I've...
290
00:16:48,073 --> 00:16:50,309
it's just tremendous.
291
00:16:53,345 --> 00:16:55,214
Right now I'm standing
on my head,
292
00:16:55,247 --> 00:16:56,615
and I'm looking right down,
293
00:16:56,648 --> 00:16:57,916
and it looks like
we're coming up
294
00:16:57,950 --> 00:16:59,785
on the coast of California.
295
00:16:59,818 --> 00:17:02,588
Okay, I'm dipping down
underneath the spacecraft.
296
00:17:02,621 --> 00:17:05,557
What I'd like to do is get
all the way out, Jim,
297
00:17:05,591 --> 00:17:07,993
and get a picture
of the whole spaceship,
298
00:17:08,027 --> 00:17:09,461
I don't seem to be doing it.
299
00:17:09,495 --> 00:17:10,796
MCDIVITT:
Yeah, I noticed that.
300
00:17:10,829 --> 00:17:12,264
You can't seem to get
far enough away.
301
00:17:12,297 --> 00:17:13,999
WHITE:
No.
302
00:17:14,033 --> 00:17:15,501
COLLINS:
He was cartwheeling,
303
00:17:15,534 --> 00:17:17,436
ass-over-teakettle,
304
00:17:17,469 --> 00:17:19,838
up and around and about.
305
00:17:19,872 --> 00:17:22,674
He had a dorky little handheld
maneuvering device,
306
00:17:22,708 --> 00:17:25,344
which in itself was
very difficult.
307
00:17:25,377 --> 00:17:28,580
WHITE:
Listen, it's all the difference
in the world with this gun.
308
00:17:28,614 --> 00:17:32,351
When that gun was working,
I was maneuvering all around.
309
00:17:32,384 --> 00:17:34,887
COLLINS:
We should have paid maybe
a little more attention
310
00:17:34,920 --> 00:17:37,289
and said, "You know,
we need some help
311
00:17:37,322 --> 00:17:42,027
in terms of tethers, lanyards,
handholds, footholds,"
312
00:17:42,061 --> 00:17:45,831
but those were the things
that we didn't really think of.
313
00:17:45,864 --> 00:17:47,399
MCDIVITT:
The flight director says
get back in.
314
00:17:47,433 --> 00:17:48,700
WHITE:
Okay.
315
00:17:48,734 --> 00:17:50,969
♪
316
00:17:51,003 --> 00:17:53,772
ALEXANDER:
Ed White found it exhilarating.
317
00:17:53,806 --> 00:17:58,377
(chuckling):
He had more fun floating
in space.
318
00:17:58,410 --> 00:18:00,412
WHITE:
I feel like a million dollars.
319
00:18:00,446 --> 00:18:03,816
ALEXANDER:
And so when NASA controllers
in Houston said, "Okay,
320
00:18:03,849 --> 00:18:06,385
"we've met all the objectives
of this test,
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=MPEGTS:187507, LOCAL:00:00:00.000
321
00:18:06,385 --> 00:18:06,418
"we've met all the objectives
of this test,
322
00:18:06,418 --> 00:18:07,820
get back in the spacecraft,"
323
00:18:07,853 --> 00:18:10,355
and Ed White said, basically,
"No."
324
00:18:10,389 --> 00:18:12,491
WHITE:
What are we over now, Jim?
325
00:18:12,524 --> 00:18:14,326
MCDIVITT:
I don't know, we're coming
over the West, West...
326
00:18:14,359 --> 00:18:15,828
Only they want you
to come back in now.
327
00:18:15,861 --> 00:18:17,062
WHITE:
Back in?
328
00:18:17,096 --> 00:18:18,530
MCDIVITT:
Back in.
329
00:18:18,564 --> 00:18:20,099
GUS GRISSOM:
Roger, we've been trying
330
00:18:20,132 --> 00:18:21,600
to talk to you for a while here.
(device beeps)
331
00:18:21,633 --> 00:18:24,603
♪
332
00:18:24,636 --> 00:18:28,040
ALEXANDER (chuckles):
He stood up to Mission Control.
333
00:18:28,073 --> 00:18:32,644
He became a hero
to his fellow astronauts,
334
00:18:32,678 --> 00:18:34,947
because so much of their life,
by being in the program,
335
00:18:34,980 --> 00:18:37,583
was circumscribed.
336
00:18:40,586 --> 00:18:43,188
Mrs. White, to you,
what was the highlight
337
00:18:43,222 --> 00:18:45,924
of your husband's 20-minute
excursion in space today
338
00:18:45,958 --> 00:18:47,392
outside the space vehicle?
339
00:18:47,426 --> 00:18:48,827
Oh, just the whole thing,
340
00:18:48,861 --> 00:18:50,362
just knowing he was out there,
341
00:18:50,395 --> 00:18:52,764
I knew how thrilled he was
to, to do it.
342
00:18:52,798 --> 00:18:55,968
And I'm glad he was able
to do it.
343
00:18:56,001 --> 00:19:00,072
♪
344
00:19:00,105 --> 00:19:01,974
REPORTER:
And the Whites were greeted
by neighbors and reporters
345
00:19:02,007 --> 00:19:03,208
at their home.
346
00:19:03,242 --> 00:19:05,077
...very nice here,
I certainly appreciate it.
347
00:19:05,110 --> 00:19:07,212
PAT WHITE:
Hi.
348
00:19:07,246 --> 00:19:09,915
How are you?
Thanks, Marty,
349
00:19:09,948 --> 00:19:12,718
Come on in later on,
I'll tell you some stories.
350
00:19:12,751 --> 00:19:14,286
(Pat laughing)
351
00:19:16,021 --> 00:19:18,724
REPORTER:
Soon after returning home,
352
00:19:18,757 --> 00:19:21,793
the Whites went swimming
in a neighbor's pool.
353
00:19:23,795 --> 00:19:26,398
(children shrieking happily)
354
00:19:28,233 --> 00:19:29,401
CHILD:
Daddy!
355
00:19:29,434 --> 00:19:31,370
ED DWIGHT:
This confusion about the name
356
00:19:31,403 --> 00:19:32,871
with Ed White, Ed Dwight,
357
00:19:32,905 --> 00:19:36,875
about the black community
getting him mixed up with me,
358
00:19:36,909 --> 00:19:39,912
all came to a head
when, when Ed walked in space.
359
00:19:39,945 --> 00:19:42,080
♪
360
00:19:42,114 --> 00:19:46,385
Ed showed up one day-- he was,
he was a very, very nice guy--
361
00:19:46,418 --> 00:19:48,720
and he brought me two boxes
of mail.
362
00:19:48,754 --> 00:19:52,791
He said to me,
"I got two boxes of mail
363
00:19:52,824 --> 00:19:54,760
"that are really addressed
to you,
364
00:19:54,793 --> 00:19:57,930
"and they're congratulating you,
Ed Dwight,
365
00:19:57,963 --> 00:20:01,667
"as the first African-American
to walk in space,
366
00:20:01,700 --> 00:20:03,168
"confusing you with me.
367
00:20:03,202 --> 00:20:06,972
"Now I understand
why it's important
368
00:20:07,005 --> 00:20:08,840
for you to go into space."
369
00:20:08,874 --> 00:20:12,411
♪
370
00:20:15,747 --> 00:20:19,785
It was 20 years from
the time I went into training
371
00:20:19,818 --> 00:20:24,723
to the time the first black
astronaut was sent into space.
372
00:20:24,756 --> 00:20:28,627
Now, 20 years is a long time.
373
00:20:28,660 --> 00:20:31,563
America had to adjust
374
00:20:31,597 --> 00:20:35,300
to allow non-white people
to go into space.
375
00:20:35,334 --> 00:20:37,236
Women, as well.
376
00:20:44,042 --> 00:20:49,214
♪
377
00:20:55,887 --> 00:21:00,359
ANDERS:
The primary purpose
with regard to Gemini
378
00:21:00,392 --> 00:21:03,462
was to demonstrate
Earth-orbit rendezvous.
379
00:21:03,495 --> 00:21:07,466
♪
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=MPEGTS:187507, LOCAL:00:00:00.000
380
00:21:07,466 --> 00:21:11,069
♪
381
00:21:11,069 --> 00:21:14,406
And, of course,
docking was important.
382
00:21:14,439 --> 00:21:18,010
♪
383
00:21:18,043 --> 00:21:23,582
And all of those things met
with a lot of problems.
384
00:21:23,615 --> 00:21:27,653
Even though I had studied
orbital mechanics in college,
385
00:21:27,686 --> 00:21:33,225
it still is perplexing to me.
386
00:21:33,258 --> 00:21:34,459
There's so many
counterintuitive things.
387
00:21:34,493 --> 00:21:35,794
You slow down,
388
00:21:35,827 --> 00:21:37,729
which drops your orbit,
389
00:21:37,763 --> 00:21:39,731
which means
you go around the Earth faster,
390
00:21:39,765 --> 00:21:42,701
and pretty soon, the thing
that was in front of you
391
00:21:42,734 --> 00:21:45,237
is now above and behind you,
392
00:21:45,270 --> 00:21:47,172
and then you can speed up
and catch him.
393
00:21:47,205 --> 00:21:49,308
♪
394
00:21:49,341 --> 00:21:52,477
The orbital rendezvous
was so counterintuitive
395
00:21:52,511 --> 00:21:56,448
that you really had to use
the onboard computer in Gemini
396
00:21:56,481 --> 00:21:59,785
in order to implement it.
397
00:21:59,818 --> 00:22:02,954
The expert in the group
was Buzz Aldrin.
398
00:22:02,988 --> 00:22:07,659
I wouldn't be surprised if
Buzz couldn't do it in his head.
399
00:22:07,693 --> 00:22:10,262
MAN:
Roll 23, scene three,
take one.
400
00:22:13,398 --> 00:22:14,566
I'm Lieutenant Aldrin.
401
00:22:14,599 --> 00:22:17,235
I just got down
off my 56th mission.
402
00:22:17,269 --> 00:22:20,605
I'm stationed here
at a advance base in Korea,
403
00:22:20,639 --> 00:22:24,776
flying with the
51st Fighter Interceptor Wing.
404
00:22:24,810 --> 00:22:27,179
We were closing rather rapidly
on the MiGs.
405
00:22:27,212 --> 00:22:29,214
I opened up fire on them
406
00:22:29,247 --> 00:22:32,784
while they were
in this gradual turn.
407
00:22:32,818 --> 00:22:34,553
ALDRIN:
Two MiGs were flying,
408
00:22:34,586 --> 00:22:36,955
and they never saw us.
409
00:22:36,988 --> 00:22:39,391
We just snuck up from behind,
410
00:22:39,424 --> 00:22:44,629
and as I was coming closer,
why, a canopy came off,
411
00:22:44,663 --> 00:22:48,867
and then there was a flash,
and the ejection seat went,
412
00:22:48,900 --> 00:22:50,702
and that was the first time
413
00:22:50,736 --> 00:22:56,441
a gun-camera film had ever seen
an ejection.
414
00:22:56,475 --> 00:23:02,881
So that made "Life" magazine.
415
00:23:02,914 --> 00:23:06,718
Later, while I was at M.I.T.,
416
00:23:06,752 --> 00:23:08,720
I wrote a thesis called,
417
00:23:08,754 --> 00:23:11,857
"Line-of-Sight
Guidance Techniques
418
00:23:11,890 --> 00:23:15,627
for Manned Orbital Rendezvous."
419
00:23:15,660 --> 00:23:19,998
That came
from fighter pilot experience,
420
00:23:20,031 --> 00:23:23,535
translating
fighter pilot intercepts
421
00:23:23,568 --> 00:23:26,571
to spacecraft rendezvous.
422
00:23:26,605 --> 00:23:29,908
♪
423
00:23:42,421 --> 00:23:44,756
♪
424
00:23:55,734 --> 00:23:57,202
(device beeps)
425
00:23:57,235 --> 00:23:58,570
ARMSTRONG (on radio):
Hello, Houston,
426
00:23:58,603 --> 00:24:00,605
this is Gemini 8.
427
00:24:00,639 --> 00:24:05,343
We're stationed keeping
on the Agena at about 150 feet.
428
00:24:05,377 --> 00:24:09,080
BLOOM:
Gemini 8, of course, was
the Neil Armstrong flight
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=MPEGTS:187507, LOCAL:00:00:00.000
429
00:24:09,080 --> 00:24:09,114
BLOOM:
Gemini 8, of course, was
the Neil Armstrong flight
430
00:24:09,114 --> 00:24:14,586
where they, they had
the first emergency in space.
431
00:24:14,619 --> 00:24:17,856
PAUL HANEY:
Roger, do you have solid
radar lock on with the Agena?
432
00:24:17,889 --> 00:24:19,224
Over.
433
00:24:19,257 --> 00:24:20,459
ARMSTRONG:
That's affirmative.
434
00:24:20,492 --> 00:24:23,028
We have solid radar lock.
435
00:24:23,061 --> 00:24:25,063
HANEY:
Neil Armstrong called in,
436
00:24:25,096 --> 00:24:27,265
and he was able to confirm
at that time
437
00:24:27,299 --> 00:24:29,100
that radar lock had been...
438
00:24:29,134 --> 00:24:34,206
ALEXANDER:
The Gemini spacecraft
did hook up with an Agena.
439
00:24:34,239 --> 00:24:35,574
That was the stand-in
440
00:24:35,607 --> 00:24:38,910
for what became
the lunar landing module.
441
00:24:38,944 --> 00:24:40,712
(clanks loudly)
442
00:24:40,745 --> 00:24:43,515
MISSION CONTROL:
Let me know what you get out
of that.
443
00:24:43,548 --> 00:24:46,685
(clanking)
444
00:24:46,718 --> 00:24:49,154
ARMSTRONG:
Flight, we are docked.
445
00:24:49,187 --> 00:24:53,492
BLOOM:
This emergency occurred
when a thruster got stuck open,
446
00:24:53,525 --> 00:24:57,762
and they were spinning wildly,
and they were in trouble.
447
00:24:57,796 --> 00:25:00,031
ARMSTRONG:
We've got serious problems here.
448
00:25:00,065 --> 00:25:02,133
We're tumbling end over end.
449
00:25:03,335 --> 00:25:06,972
We're disengaged from the Agena.
450
00:25:07,005 --> 00:25:10,308
We're rolling up
and I can't turn anything off.
451
00:25:10,342 --> 00:25:11,877
MISSION CONTROL:
Say again?
452
00:25:11,910 --> 00:25:14,045
ARMSTRONG:
We're in a violent left roll
here
453
00:25:14,079 --> 00:25:15,614
at the present time.
454
00:25:15,647 --> 00:25:16,781
(Armstrong fading in and out)
455
00:25:16,815 --> 00:25:18,450
The RCSes are off
and we can't fire...
456
00:25:18,483 --> 00:25:23,421
And we apparently have a roll
on the stuck hand controller.
457
00:25:23,455 --> 00:25:25,690
MISSION CONTROL:
Copy that.
458
00:25:25,724 --> 00:25:28,627
(alarms blaring)
459
00:25:39,604 --> 00:25:41,406
BLOOM:
When the emergency occurred,
460
00:25:41,439 --> 00:25:43,942
I was in Houston,
and you could hear everything.
461
00:25:43,975 --> 00:25:46,545
MISSION CONTROL:
We can't seem to get
any valid data here.
462
00:25:46,578 --> 00:25:48,747
It seems to be in a
pretty violent tumble right now.
463
00:25:48,780 --> 00:25:52,751
ALEXANDER:
They were into a really
horrific spin,
464
00:25:52,784 --> 00:25:55,253
so much so that the astronauts
465
00:25:55,287 --> 00:25:57,188
were beginning
to feel disoriented.
466
00:25:57,222 --> 00:26:00,158
MISSION CONTROL:
We've lost considerable
gas pressure...
467
00:26:00,191 --> 00:26:04,162
ARMSTRONG:
Okay, we are regaining control
of the spacecraft slowly
468
00:26:04,195 --> 00:26:06,731
in the RCS direct.
469
00:26:06,765 --> 00:26:09,534
MISSION CONTROL:
Roger, copy.
470
00:26:09,568 --> 00:26:13,772
BLOOM:
They were going to abort,
and that was critical.
471
00:26:13,805 --> 00:26:17,309
They had to splash down early.
472
00:26:17,342 --> 00:26:22,647
♪
473
00:26:32,624 --> 00:26:36,995
(helicopter rotors whirring)
474
00:26:45,036 --> 00:26:46,404
ALEXANDER:
It demonstrated
475
00:26:46,438 --> 00:26:51,343
that Neil Armstrong
was a superb pilot,
476
00:26:51,376 --> 00:26:55,113
a superb judge
of mechanical systems.
477
00:26:55,146 --> 00:26:58,817
God had given it to him
with both hands,
478
00:26:58,850 --> 00:27:02,520
and he knew how to use
that skill.
479
00:27:04,856 --> 00:27:06,858
He was decisive.
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=MPEGTS:187507, LOCAL:00:00:00.000
480
00:27:06,858 --> 00:27:12,597
He was decisive.
481
00:27:12,597 --> 00:27:15,867
♪
482
00:27:23,908 --> 00:27:28,613
ALDRIN:
Lovell and I flew
on the last mission of Gemini,
483
00:27:28,647 --> 00:27:31,182
Gemini 12.
484
00:27:31,216 --> 00:27:33,985
If I hadn't flown on Gemini,
485
00:27:34,019 --> 00:27:39,991
I never would have gotten
a choice assignment in Apollo.
486
00:27:44,696 --> 00:27:50,835
JIM LOVELL (on radio):
You get in a good position
for photography now.
487
00:27:50,869 --> 00:27:54,272
ALDRIN:
Well, the space walking
in the Gemini program
488
00:27:54,305 --> 00:27:58,410
was not very successful
as it proceeded along.
489
00:28:02,480 --> 00:28:06,885
COLLINS:
We had not in our designs
really thought through
490
00:28:06,918 --> 00:28:08,787
what happens to objects
491
00:28:08,820 --> 00:28:12,457
that bang together
in weightlessness.
492
00:28:12,490 --> 00:28:13,925
If I touch that table,
493
00:28:13,958 --> 00:28:16,728
I go off in some totally
three-dimensional,
494
00:28:16,761 --> 00:28:18,329
random direction,
495
00:28:18,363 --> 00:28:21,332
and very soon,
you're just out of control.
496
00:28:23,835 --> 00:28:27,305
ALDRIN:
They didn't want
a partial success or failure
497
00:28:27,338 --> 00:28:29,808
on the last flight.
498
00:28:29,841 --> 00:28:34,479
A lot of things can go wrong.
499
00:28:34,512 --> 00:28:36,414
And I said, "Well, look,
I've been a scuba diver,
500
00:28:36,448 --> 00:28:39,384
"and you, you don't work
against the current,
501
00:28:39,417 --> 00:28:42,353
"you slowly kind of maneuver,
502
00:28:42,387 --> 00:28:47,158
"and it's delicate,
how you move around.
503
00:28:47,192 --> 00:28:53,498
You need to do them delicately,
not muscle."
504
00:28:53,531 --> 00:28:58,169
Some of the astronauts said,
"No, no,
505
00:28:58,203 --> 00:29:00,038
"that's not going to be
any good.
506
00:29:00,071 --> 00:29:04,642
There's a big difference
between water and space."
507
00:29:04,676 --> 00:29:08,213
But everything I did do
worked out so well
508
00:29:08,246 --> 00:29:09,614
that neutral buoyancy
509
00:29:09,647 --> 00:29:14,352
has, ever since, been
the way you train.
510
00:29:17,021 --> 00:29:21,426
ANDERS:
Gemini 12, with Aldrin
and Lovell,
511
00:29:21,459 --> 00:29:25,230
was exceptionally successful.
512
00:29:25,263 --> 00:29:28,500
ALDRIN (on radio):
It is November 11, Vets' Day.
513
00:29:28,533 --> 00:29:31,002
ANDERS:
And I hand it to Buzz Aldrin.
514
00:29:31,035 --> 00:29:32,704
He really made advancements
515
00:29:32,737 --> 00:29:37,809
on working in space,
to try to do things.
516
00:29:37,842 --> 00:29:42,280
ALDRIN (on radio):
This is a little bit harder
than it was underwater.
517
00:29:45,183 --> 00:29:47,585
ANDERS:
That was the good news.
518
00:29:47,619 --> 00:29:50,655
The bad news was,
they did such a good job
519
00:29:50,688 --> 00:29:52,624
that they canceled Gemini 13,
520
00:29:52,657 --> 00:29:55,660
which Neil and I
were going to fly on.
521
00:29:57,529 --> 00:29:59,130
GARRY MOORE:
Well, Mr. Armstrong,
522
00:29:59,164 --> 00:30:00,832
your son is one of
the two civilians chosen.
523
00:30:00,865 --> 00:30:03,101
How long has he been flying,
sir?
524
00:30:03,134 --> 00:30:05,370
Since before he was
16 years of age.
525
00:30:05,403 --> 00:30:07,305
Before 16?
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=MPEGTS:187507, LOCAL:00:00:00.000
526
00:30:07,305 --> 00:30:07,338
Before 16?
527
00:30:07,338 --> 00:30:09,274
This would mean
that he had his wings
528
00:30:09,307 --> 00:30:10,742
before he had
his driver's license.
529
00:30:10,775 --> 00:30:12,010
Right?
That's right.
530
00:30:12,043 --> 00:30:13,478
Now, how would you feel,
Mrs. Armstrong,
531
00:30:13,511 --> 00:30:15,446
if it turned out--
of course, nobody knows--
532
00:30:15,480 --> 00:30:17,348
but if it's your...
if it turns out that your son
533
00:30:17,382 --> 00:30:18,983
is the first man to land
on the moon,
534
00:30:19,017 --> 00:30:21,252
what, how...
how will you feel?
535
00:30:23,321 --> 00:30:25,423
Well, I guess I'd just say
God bless him,
536
00:30:25,456 --> 00:30:29,527
and I wish him the best
of all good luck.
537
00:30:29,561 --> 00:30:34,732
♪
538
00:30:38,269 --> 00:30:43,341
HANEY:
Well, gentlemen,
the occasion, of course,
539
00:30:43,374 --> 00:30:50,181
is the naming of
the first Apollo flight crew.
540
00:30:50,215 --> 00:30:56,921
The crewmen will be Lieutenant
Colonel Virgil "Gus" Grissom,
541
00:30:56,955 --> 00:31:00,091
Lieutenant Colonel
Edward H. White,
542
00:31:00,124 --> 00:31:03,695
and Lieutenant Roger B. Chaffee.
543
00:31:03,728 --> 00:31:06,264
Gus Grissom was the first
of the astronauts
544
00:31:06,297 --> 00:31:08,366
to make two space flights,
545
00:31:08,399 --> 00:31:10,768
and now he will be the commander
546
00:31:10,802 --> 00:31:14,005
of the first Apollo
flight mission.
547
00:31:14,038 --> 00:31:16,441
Of course, you know Ed White,
548
00:31:16,474 --> 00:31:20,445
he's become a pretty famous man
in the last year.
549
00:31:20,478 --> 00:31:22,480
And I believe this will be
550
00:31:22,513 --> 00:31:25,583
Roger Chaffee's
first space flight.
551
00:31:25,617 --> 00:31:30,788
And, of course, we wish
all these men extremely well.
552
00:31:34,626 --> 00:31:36,227
Could you philosophize
553
00:31:36,261 --> 00:31:39,264
on just why you think
we should go to the moon?
554
00:31:39,297 --> 00:31:41,332
I think there are
so many questions...
555
00:31:41,366 --> 00:31:43,268
So many reasons why we should.
556
00:31:43,301 --> 00:31:48,673
And if we don't try to expand
ourself and expand our horizons,
557
00:31:48,706 --> 00:31:50,241
which, I think the space program
558
00:31:50,275 --> 00:31:52,510
is the biggest example
of expanding your horizons
559
00:31:52,543 --> 00:31:55,079
that man has ever undertaken,
560
00:31:55,113 --> 00:31:57,982
we're not going to progress
as a nation.
561
00:31:58,016 --> 00:32:01,019
From all standpoints,
it's a good program.
562
00:32:01,052 --> 00:32:03,554
And why we want to go
to the moon specifically,
563
00:32:03,588 --> 00:32:08,693
well, it's the closest thing,
that we haven't explored,
564
00:32:08,726 --> 00:32:10,662
to our Earth,
and it's the first step
565
00:32:10,695 --> 00:32:13,865
into understanding
the, the whole universe.
566
00:32:13,898 --> 00:32:16,601
MAN:
39X3, Take One.
567
00:32:16,634 --> 00:32:18,569
DIRECTOR:
Background, action!
568
00:32:18,603 --> 00:32:20,772
MAN 2:
Doris.
569
00:32:20,805 --> 00:32:23,508
Now, this is called
the clean room.
570
00:32:23,541 --> 00:32:25,376
It's completely sterilized
571
00:32:25,410 --> 00:32:29,681
so that no dust or dirt will
contaminate the critical parts.
572
00:32:29,714 --> 00:32:32,250
Workers entering the clean room
must first stand
573
00:32:32,283 --> 00:32:33,484
on this crate,
574
00:32:33,518 --> 00:32:35,353
which shakes all the dirt loose
575
00:32:35,386 --> 00:32:37,822
from the shoes and
the clothing, like this.
576
00:32:37,855 --> 00:32:43,227
(crate rumbling)
577
00:32:43,261 --> 00:32:46,564
(loudly):
Um, I think
we better move on now.
578
00:32:46,597 --> 00:32:47,999
We'll go in that direction.
579
00:32:48,032 --> 00:32:50,635
(rumbling continues)
580
00:32:50,668 --> 00:32:52,403
DIRECTOR:
Cut, that's it.
581
00:32:52,437 --> 00:32:55,740
Well, we had a little trouble
with that one, didn't we?
582
00:32:55,773 --> 00:32:59,677
As you've just seen,
when we make a motion picture,
583
00:32:59,711 --> 00:33:03,514
we can shoot a scene over
and over until we get it right.
584
00:33:03,548 --> 00:33:08,886
Now, Saturn and Apollo must be
successful the very first time,
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=MPEGTS:187507, LOCAL:00:00:00.000
585
00:33:08,886 --> 00:33:08,920
Now, Saturn and Apollo must be
successful the very first time,
586
00:33:08,920 --> 00:33:13,691
because the astronauts' lives
depend upon it.
587
00:33:13,725 --> 00:33:15,994
And from the caliber of people
588
00:33:16,027 --> 00:33:19,364
I have met
in the aerospace business,
589
00:33:19,397 --> 00:33:24,235
and from the quality of the work
I saw being done there,
590
00:33:24,268 --> 00:33:27,638
I'm certain
that it will be successful--
591
00:33:27,672 --> 00:33:31,309
and on the very first take.
592
00:33:31,342 --> 00:33:34,512
So, please, all of you,
be extra careful.
593
00:33:34,545 --> 00:33:37,448
Be extra, extra careful.
594
00:33:37,482 --> 00:33:38,449
Won't you?
595
00:33:38,483 --> 00:33:41,319
♪
596
00:33:41,352 --> 00:33:45,256
COLLINS:
We spent a lot of time out
in North American Rockwell.
597
00:33:45,289 --> 00:33:46,958
Spent a lot of time
598
00:33:46,991 --> 00:33:50,895
at the factory with the people
out in Downey, California,
599
00:33:50,928 --> 00:33:55,666
who assembled
the actual spacecraft.
600
00:33:55,700 --> 00:33:59,203
There was a we-know-better kind
of an arrogant attitude
601
00:33:59,237 --> 00:34:01,172
on the part
of some of the managers,
602
00:34:01,205 --> 00:34:02,874
and it was a, a laid-back,
603
00:34:02,907 --> 00:34:06,244
"Well, we'll get it done
one way or the other
604
00:34:06,277 --> 00:34:08,279
sometime, somehow," attitude
605
00:34:08,312 --> 00:34:10,014
on the part
of some of the workers.
606
00:34:11,749 --> 00:34:14,419
I think there was not
the dedication
607
00:34:14,452 --> 00:34:18,256
to the, the extremely strong
work ethic.
608
00:34:18,289 --> 00:34:23,795
Things like building a,
building a good spacecraft
609
00:34:23,828 --> 00:34:25,463
instead of worrying
about whether you were going
610
00:34:25,496 --> 00:34:27,432
to get your camper
up into the High Sierras
611
00:34:27,465 --> 00:34:29,500
for the weekend.
612
00:34:31,602 --> 00:34:33,404
REPORTER:
You flew on, on Mercury,
613
00:34:33,438 --> 00:34:34,705
you flew on Gemini,
614
00:34:34,739 --> 00:34:37,375
now you're flying
on, on Apollo.
615
00:34:37,408 --> 00:34:38,810
Does the law of averages
616
00:34:38,843 --> 00:34:42,046
so far as the possibility
of a catastrophic failure
617
00:34:42,080 --> 00:34:43,815
bother you at all, sir?
618
00:34:43,848 --> 00:34:47,418
No, you sort of have to put that
out of your mind.
619
00:34:47,452 --> 00:34:48,920
There's always a possibility
620
00:34:48,953 --> 00:34:53,491
that you can have a
catastrophic failure, of course.
621
00:34:53,524 --> 00:34:55,093
This can happen on any flight,
622
00:34:55,126 --> 00:34:56,794
it can happen
on, on the last one
623
00:34:56,828 --> 00:34:58,262
as well as the first one.
624
00:34:58,296 --> 00:35:01,399
So you just plan as best you can
625
00:35:01,432 --> 00:35:05,403
to take care of
all of these eventualities,
626
00:35:05,436 --> 00:35:08,172
and you get a well-trained crew,
and you go fly.
627
00:35:08,206 --> 00:35:11,142
This spacecraft
you're going to ride on
628
00:35:11,175 --> 00:35:13,878
is, to a certain extent,
untried.
629
00:35:13,911 --> 00:35:15,880
(continues):
You're taking
the shakedown crew.
630
00:35:15,913 --> 00:35:18,449
Do you approach it
with any apprehension
631
00:35:18,483 --> 00:35:20,918
as compared to the Gemini,
which had been flown before?
632
00:35:20,952 --> 00:35:23,121
WHITE:
No, I don't think so.
633
00:35:23,154 --> 00:35:26,958
I think you have to understand
the feeling that a pilot has
634
00:35:26,991 --> 00:35:30,228
and that a test pilot has
that...
635
00:35:30,261 --> 00:35:33,297
I, I look forward a great deal
to the first flight.
636
00:35:33,331 --> 00:35:36,334
There's a great deal of pride
involved
637
00:35:36,367 --> 00:35:39,103
in making a first flight.
638
00:35:39,137 --> 00:35:41,139
So I'm looking forward
to the flight
639
00:35:41,172 --> 00:35:44,008
with a great deal
of anticipation.
640
00:35:44,041 --> 00:35:47,879
REPORTER:
Is anything scary
about a first space flight,
641
00:35:47,912 --> 00:35:49,981
even though
you've flown many hours
642
00:35:50,014 --> 00:35:52,483
in conventional aircraft,
jet aircraft?
643
00:35:52,517 --> 00:35:55,786
Oh, I don't like to say
anything's scary about it.
644
00:35:55,820 --> 00:35:57,922
There's a lot of unknowns,
of course,
645
00:35:57,955 --> 00:36:00,091
and a lot of problems
that could develop
646
00:36:00,124 --> 00:36:02,160
or might develop,
and they'll have to be solved,
647
00:36:02,193 --> 00:36:04,028
and that's what we're there for.
648
00:36:04,061 --> 00:36:05,663
This is our business,
649
00:36:05,696 --> 00:36:07,965
to find out
if this thing will work for us.
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=MPEGTS:187507, LOCAL:00:00:00.000
650
00:36:07,965 --> 00:36:07,999
to find out
if this thing will work for us.
651
00:36:07,999 --> 00:36:11,135
Um, um...
652
00:36:11,169 --> 00:36:13,838
But I don't think anybody is...
653
00:36:13,871 --> 00:36:16,908
You know, I don't like to use
the word scared.
654
00:36:16,941 --> 00:36:18,910
I definitely think
you're apprehensive,
655
00:36:18,943 --> 00:36:20,444
and you're considering
what's involved there,
656
00:36:20,478 --> 00:36:22,780
you're thinking about it.
657
00:36:22,813 --> 00:36:24,115
But you know how to handle it
658
00:36:24,148 --> 00:36:25,616
and take care of it
and do the job.
659
00:36:25,650 --> 00:36:31,255
♪
660
00:36:37,628 --> 00:36:39,130
GRISSOM (on radio):
All right, this is
Senior Pilot,
661
00:36:39,163 --> 00:36:41,599
counting one, two, three,
four, five.
662
00:36:41,632 --> 00:36:43,601
Five, four, three, two, one,
Senior Pilot.
663
00:36:43,634 --> 00:36:48,239
♪
664
00:36:48,272 --> 00:36:51,776
LAUNCH CONTROL (on radio):
Pilot, I haven't talked
to you yet, how's it feel?
665
00:36:51,809 --> 00:36:54,779
One, two, three, four, five,
four, three, two, one.
666
00:36:54,812 --> 00:36:56,214
One, two.
667
00:36:56,247 --> 00:36:59,884
(Launch Control audio
cutting in and out)
668
00:36:59,917 --> 00:37:02,119
Three, four, seven.
669
00:37:04,755 --> 00:37:06,624
GRISSOM:
Hey, how are we gonna
get to the moon
670
00:37:06,657 --> 00:37:08,359
if we can't talk
between three buildings?
671
00:37:08,392 --> 00:37:12,363
(no audio on radio)
672
00:37:12,396 --> 00:37:15,533
GRISSOM:
I can't hear a thing
you're saying.
673
00:37:15,566 --> 00:37:17,535
Jesus Christ.
674
00:37:19,570 --> 00:37:21,038
Again?
675
00:37:24,108 --> 00:37:26,210
Said, how are we going to get
to the moon if we can't talk
676
00:37:26,244 --> 00:37:27,545
between two or three buildings?
677
00:37:33,117 --> 00:37:35,586
CHAFFEE (on radio):
Hey!
678
00:37:35,620 --> 00:37:38,189
Pilot's got a fire
in the cockpit!
679
00:37:38,222 --> 00:37:40,291
(audio cutting out)
680
00:37:40,324 --> 00:37:45,896
(static crackling)
681
00:37:45,930 --> 00:37:48,266
There is a bad fire!
682
00:37:48,299 --> 00:37:49,834
(screaming):
Help us!
683
00:37:49,867 --> 00:37:50,935
Help us!
684
00:37:50,968 --> 00:37:58,776
(static popping on radio)
685
00:37:58,809 --> 00:38:00,711
(static ends)
686
00:38:00,745 --> 00:38:02,847
LAUNCH CONTROL:
Hey, crew, can you egress
at this time?
687
00:38:02,880 --> 00:38:03,881
Determine.
688
00:38:03,914 --> 00:38:06,050
Pad leader, get in there
and help them.
689
00:38:06,083 --> 00:38:08,119
Pad leader, zero, three, three.
690
00:38:10,655 --> 00:38:12,690
All right, crew,
did we get verification?
691
00:38:12,723 --> 00:38:14,392
Can you egress at this time?
692
00:38:14,425 --> 00:38:17,261
(no audio)
693
00:38:17,295 --> 00:38:19,196
(audio cutting in and out)
694
00:38:19,230 --> 00:38:21,098
Pad, were you able to hear them?
695
00:38:21,132 --> 00:38:24,568
(audio cutting in and out)
696
00:38:24,602 --> 00:38:26,003
Get them out of there.
697
00:38:26,037 --> 00:38:29,440
(radio squawking choppily)
698
00:38:29,473 --> 00:38:31,409
Gus, can you read us?
699
00:38:33,110 --> 00:38:34,245
Pad leader?
700
00:38:35,479 --> 00:38:37,415
Could you get them out of there?
701
00:38:40,051 --> 00:38:42,353
(radio squawking choppily)
702
00:38:44,855 --> 00:38:48,893
♪
703
00:38:48,926 --> 00:38:51,162
ANDERS:
I was working in the yard,
704
00:38:51,195 --> 00:38:56,500
and...
I got a call from Alan Bean.
705
00:38:56,534 --> 00:38:58,269
And he said, "We've had a fire,
706
00:38:58,302 --> 00:39:03,941
"and the three astronauts
were killed,
707
00:39:03,974 --> 00:39:07,478
and would you go over
and tell Pat White?"
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=MPEGTS:187507, LOCAL:00:00:00.000
708
00:39:07,478 --> 00:39:07,511
and would you go over
and tell Pat White?"
709
00:39:07,511 --> 00:39:11,349
So I quickly jumped out
of my lawn-mowing clothes
710
00:39:11,382 --> 00:39:15,886
and... drove over there.
711
00:39:15,920 --> 00:39:20,024
It took me maybe ten minutes.
712
00:39:20,057 --> 00:39:22,393
♪
713
00:39:22,426 --> 00:39:26,297
VALERIE ANDERS:
It was very difficult, because
Bill had to tell Pat White,
714
00:39:26,330 --> 00:39:29,633
and Janet was next door--
Janet Armstrong--
715
00:39:29,667 --> 00:39:30,868
so she went over there.
716
00:39:30,901 --> 00:39:35,439
We didn't know how to divide
ourselves right away,
717
00:39:35,473 --> 00:39:41,078
because of the three wives
having to be told about it.
718
00:39:41,112 --> 00:39:44,148
So it was,
it was just a time when...
719
00:39:44,181 --> 00:39:46,684
We were in shock.
720
00:39:47,618 --> 00:39:52,256
BILL ANDERS:
I arrived, and...
721
00:39:52,289 --> 00:39:54,158
I walked up to her,
722
00:39:54,191 --> 00:39:58,028
and I, I think
she sensed something.
723
00:39:58,062 --> 00:40:01,966
And I told her,
and she broke down.
724
00:40:05,136 --> 00:40:08,072
America's first three
Apollo astronauts
725
00:40:08,105 --> 00:40:10,307
were trapped and killed
by a flash fire
726
00:40:10,341 --> 00:40:12,009
that swept their moon ship
early tonight
727
00:40:12,042 --> 00:40:15,513
during a launchpad test
at Cape Kennedy in Florida.
728
00:40:15,546 --> 00:40:17,782
They died at T minus ten minutes
729
00:40:17,815 --> 00:40:20,117
into a simulated
launch countdown...
730
00:40:20,151 --> 00:40:24,021
(voice breaking):
Helplessly trapped
inside their spacecraft.
731
00:40:24,054 --> 00:40:26,524
REPORTER:
And this is
a hard phrase to say,
732
00:40:26,557 --> 00:40:28,125
but I think
it's a necessary one.
733
00:40:28,159 --> 00:40:30,961
It would be an instantaneous
death, would it not?
734
00:40:30,995 --> 00:40:32,963
I think
that's a fair assumption.
735
00:40:32,997 --> 00:40:35,866
Apparently, they died
absolutely instantly.
736
00:40:41,639 --> 00:40:45,009
ALEXANDER:
I went to the NASA news center,
737
00:40:45,042 --> 00:40:47,044
and Jack King told me
738
00:40:47,077 --> 00:40:53,417
that the print media wanted me
to be the pool reporter
739
00:40:53,451 --> 00:40:56,253
to go up and look
into the spacecraft.
740
00:40:56,287 --> 00:41:01,425
♪
741
00:41:01,459 --> 00:41:06,630
And when I rode the elevator up
to the top of the gantry
742
00:41:06,664 --> 00:41:10,935
to where the,
the burned-out spacecraft was,
743
00:41:10,968 --> 00:41:14,939
there were only two
or three people up there,
744
00:41:14,972 --> 00:41:16,307
and there was a photographer.
745
00:41:16,340 --> 00:41:18,242
♪
746
00:41:18,275 --> 00:41:21,479
The hatch was open,
747
00:41:21,512 --> 00:41:27,451
and the smell of burned paper
and foam-- not flesh--
748
00:41:27,485 --> 00:41:29,286
was very pronounced.
749
00:41:29,320 --> 00:41:33,524
♪
750
00:41:34,692 --> 00:41:37,528
There were
some anomalous things.
751
00:41:37,561 --> 00:41:40,030
For example,
one side of the spacecraft
752
00:41:40,064 --> 00:41:42,933
just was a pile of ashes,
753
00:41:42,967 --> 00:41:45,336
but over on the other side,
754
00:41:45,369 --> 00:41:50,541
there were manuals
and, and other flammable stuff,
755
00:41:50,574 --> 00:41:52,610
untouched.
756
00:41:55,679 --> 00:41:57,248
ALEXANDER (archival):
The bottom of the spacecraft,
below the frame,
757
00:41:57,281 --> 00:41:58,916
was littered
with clumps of debris,
758
00:41:58,949 --> 00:42:00,851
which were unrecognizable.
759
00:42:00,885 --> 00:42:03,254
There were...
I counted at least,
760
00:42:03,287 --> 00:42:07,224
at least 12 fire extinguishers.
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=MPEGTS:187507, LOCAL:00:00:00.000
761
00:42:07,224 --> 00:42:07,258
at least 12 fire extinguishers.
762
00:42:07,258 --> 00:42:09,593
Some obviously had been used.
763
00:42:09,627 --> 00:42:11,395
Oh, by the way,
764
00:42:11,428 --> 00:42:14,632
there were several gas masks
on the floor, just dropped.
765
00:42:14,665 --> 00:42:20,271
ALEXANDER:
When the ground crew was able
to open the hatch,
766
00:42:20,304 --> 00:42:25,109
they found the three bodies
piled on top of one another.
767
00:42:25,142 --> 00:42:28,178
♪
768
00:42:35,753 --> 00:42:37,388
The hatch opened inward,
769
00:42:37,421 --> 00:42:39,723
so it had to be pulled
from inside,
770
00:42:39,757 --> 00:42:42,426
pushed from the outside.
771
00:42:42,459 --> 00:42:48,532
And as the combustion process
inside the spacecraft proceeded,
772
00:42:48,566 --> 00:42:53,270
it produced an enormous amount
of, of gas.
773
00:42:53,304 --> 00:42:55,739
But the pressure was so high
that the three of them--
774
00:42:55,773 --> 00:42:58,776
three very young, vigorous,
775
00:42:58,809 --> 00:43:00,911
well-trained,
well-conditioned men,
776
00:43:00,945 --> 00:43:06,584
could not pull that damn hatch
back into the capsule
777
00:43:06,617 --> 00:43:08,052
and escape.
778
00:43:09,887 --> 00:43:13,057
MIKE WALLACE:
Walter, I'm sure this hits you
particularly hard,
779
00:43:13,090 --> 00:43:14,992
because these men were friends
of yours.
780
00:43:15,025 --> 00:43:18,128
You knew Gus Grissom
from the beginning
781
00:43:18,162 --> 00:43:20,431
down at Cape Kennedy.
782
00:43:20,464 --> 00:43:22,299
CRONKITE:
Yes, indeed, Mike.
783
00:43:22,333 --> 00:43:25,703
That's, of course, true,
and it does hit me hard.
784
00:43:25,736 --> 00:43:27,738
Uh, I think that...
785
00:43:27,771 --> 00:43:29,406
I think one thing
should be said.
786
00:43:29,440 --> 00:43:33,477
It's... this is a time
for great sadness,
787
00:43:33,510 --> 00:43:35,846
national sadness, and
certainly the personal sadness
788
00:43:35,879 --> 00:43:38,315
of the people
in the space program,
789
00:43:38,349 --> 00:43:40,417
but it's also a time
for courage.
790
00:43:40,451 --> 00:43:45,789
And if that sounds trite,
I'll change the words to guts.
791
00:43:45,823 --> 00:43:49,393
That this is a test program.
792
00:43:49,426 --> 00:43:51,362
We knew it was a test program,
793
00:43:51,395 --> 00:43:53,964
and these guys who went into it
knew it was a test program.
794
00:43:53,998 --> 00:43:56,533
And a test program
with equipment of this nature,
795
00:43:56,567 --> 00:43:58,769
as with anything
where you're operating
796
00:43:58,802 --> 00:44:01,739
in a hostile environment,
which space is--
797
00:44:01,772 --> 00:44:03,641
and this was
a hostile environment,
798
00:44:03,674 --> 00:44:05,643
even if they were
on the ground--
799
00:44:05,676 --> 00:44:08,579
this program is bound to claim
its victims.
800
00:44:08,612 --> 00:44:13,784
♪
801
00:44:15,619 --> 00:44:20,190
ALEXANDER:
Initially, NASA tried to hide
the gruesome facts
802
00:44:20,224 --> 00:44:23,927
of their deaths.
803
00:44:23,961 --> 00:44:28,165
Did the three astronauts die
instantaneously?
804
00:44:28,198 --> 00:44:30,334
Absolutely not.
805
00:44:30,367 --> 00:44:35,172
They lived for at least a minute
806
00:44:35,205 --> 00:44:40,878
before they died
of smoke inhalation.
807
00:44:40,911 --> 00:44:44,248
"Dead is dead,"
the space agency felt.
808
00:44:44,281 --> 00:44:47,184
"Let's respect these men
and their families
809
00:44:47,217 --> 00:44:49,053
and let it go with that."
810
00:44:49,086 --> 00:44:52,956
(jets roaring)
811
00:45:04,601 --> 00:45:08,806
OFFICER:
Firing squad,
fire three volleys.
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=MPEGTS:187507, LOCAL:00:00:00.000
812
00:45:08,806 --> 00:45:11,975
OFFICER:
Firing squad,
fire three volleys.
813
00:45:11,975 --> 00:45:17,147
(guns fire three times)
814
00:45:17,181 --> 00:45:22,319
(drum rolls,
bugle plays "Taps")
815
00:45:32,830 --> 00:45:37,501
VALERIE ANDERS:
There was one funeral
at West Point for Ed White,
816
00:45:37,534 --> 00:45:44,274
and we had another flight going
to Arlington,
817
00:45:44,308 --> 00:45:46,310
so some of us went there.
818
00:45:46,343 --> 00:45:49,413
Some people managed to go
to all the funerals,
819
00:45:49,446 --> 00:45:52,382
but it was, it was
pretty chaotic, the whole thing.
820
00:45:52,416 --> 00:45:59,089
(horns playing softly)
821
00:45:59,123 --> 00:46:01,925
BORMAN:
Well, that was the beginning
of a...
822
00:46:01,959 --> 00:46:05,763
of a very, very traumatic year
for me and my family.
823
00:46:08,165 --> 00:46:09,767
I had a hard time.
824
00:46:09,800 --> 00:46:11,235
You know, I felt very hard
for Ed White,
825
00:46:11,268 --> 00:46:15,606
and I felt very hard
for Gus and Roger.
826
00:46:15,639 --> 00:46:19,042
We were...
827
00:46:19,076 --> 00:46:20,711
We were close.
828
00:46:24,314 --> 00:46:26,250
Our closest friends were
Pat and Ed White.
829
00:46:28,385 --> 00:46:32,289
And his death devastated Pat.
830
00:46:34,658 --> 00:46:37,261
It was just a tough time.
831
00:46:39,396 --> 00:46:40,964
ANDERS:
It was really tough for her,
832
00:46:40,998 --> 00:46:44,768
and then eventually,
she committed suicide.
833
00:46:50,107 --> 00:46:55,479
(water lapping)
834
00:46:55,512 --> 00:46:58,382
REPORTER:
No one knows when
the program will be resumed,
835
00:46:58,415 --> 00:47:00,517
but there's a feeling here
836
00:47:00,551 --> 00:47:03,220
that Friday's tragedy will only
slow down the program
837
00:47:03,253 --> 00:47:04,655
for a short time.
838
00:47:04,688 --> 00:47:07,391
The big questions remain:
how did the fire start?
839
00:47:07,424 --> 00:47:09,426
Why did it start?
840
00:47:09,459 --> 00:47:11,361
Did a spark come
from an overloaded circuit?
841
00:47:11,395 --> 00:47:15,165
Was the spacecraft
on internal or exterior power
842
00:47:15,199 --> 00:47:17,034
at the time of the flash?
843
00:47:17,067 --> 00:47:18,635
♪
844
00:47:18,669 --> 00:47:20,304
BORMAN:
After the fire at the Cape,
845
00:47:20,337 --> 00:47:25,676
some people, they couldn't
handle it very well,
846
00:47:25,709 --> 00:47:28,478
and then there were a lot
of drinking and staying out
847
00:47:28,512 --> 00:47:30,514
and a lot of pill taking,
848
00:47:30,547 --> 00:47:35,052
and some of us got drunk,
some of us went nuts.
849
00:47:35,085 --> 00:47:36,720
♪
850
00:47:36,753 --> 00:47:42,392
My anguish and my concern lasted
about three days.
851
00:47:42,426 --> 00:47:44,061
Then, "What's next?
852
00:47:44,094 --> 00:47:47,164
Let's get on with the job."
853
00:47:47,197 --> 00:47:49,867
♪
854
00:47:49,900 --> 00:47:53,570
REPORTER:
The service tower on Pad 34
will be rolled back today,
855
00:47:53,604 --> 00:47:57,941
and the painstaking work of
removing the Apollo spacecraft
856
00:47:57,975 --> 00:47:59,877
from its Saturn booster
857
00:47:59,910 --> 00:48:01,545
will get underway.
858
00:48:01,578 --> 00:48:04,948
Then the spacecraft itself
will be lifted off,
859
00:48:04,982 --> 00:48:06,316
and the remains of it
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=MPEGTS:187507, LOCAL:00:00:00.000
860
00:48:06,316 --> 00:48:06,350
and the remains of it
861
00:48:06,350 --> 00:48:08,318
will be taken apart
bit by bit,
862
00:48:08,352 --> 00:48:10,287
to see what went wrong.
863
00:48:10,320 --> 00:48:14,791
♪
864
00:48:24,234 --> 00:48:25,669
BORMAN:
That was the most
thorough examination,
865
00:48:25,702 --> 00:48:29,106
up to that time,
of any accident.
866
00:48:29,139 --> 00:48:33,277
I'd climb in and say, "Okay,
867
00:48:33,310 --> 00:48:35,946
this switch is
in the on position,"
868
00:48:35,979 --> 00:48:39,716
and then we,
we just went through.
869
00:48:39,750 --> 00:48:41,752
A wrench was found,
a discarded wrench was found
870
00:48:41,785 --> 00:48:43,120
in the spacecraft,
871
00:48:43,153 --> 00:48:47,658
and it was just clear
872
00:48:47,691 --> 00:48:51,528
that things had not been going
as well as they should have.
873
00:48:51,561 --> 00:48:57,801
The absolute determination
of what started the fire
874
00:48:57,834 --> 00:48:59,803
was never discovered.
875
00:48:59,836 --> 00:49:02,439
We believe we knew
what happened.
876
00:49:02,472 --> 00:49:04,441
We believe that
it was a frayed wire
877
00:49:04,474 --> 00:49:07,477
down around the
environmental control system,
878
00:49:07,511 --> 00:49:11,148
but it was impossible to say
with certainty,
879
00:49:11,181 --> 00:49:14,618
"Well, this failed,
or that failed."
880
00:49:17,287 --> 00:49:18,522
BILL ANDERS:
There were so many things wrong
881
00:49:18,555 --> 00:49:21,491
with the initial Apollo 1
spacecraft
882
00:49:21,525 --> 00:49:24,828
that I don't think it would have
survived a trip to the moon.
883
00:49:24,861 --> 00:49:29,800
Pressurizing the spacecraft
with 100% oxygen,
884
00:49:29,833 --> 00:49:31,768
anything will burn--
885
00:49:31,802 --> 00:49:34,404
an asbestos fire blanket
will burn.
886
00:49:34,438 --> 00:49:38,108
So why NASA, in all
their otherwise brilliance,
887
00:49:38,141 --> 00:49:42,846
allowed this test to happen,
it amazes me.
888
00:49:42,879 --> 00:49:48,752
But they did,
and a spark ignited that thing.
889
00:49:51,288 --> 00:49:54,324
KHRUSHCHEV:
Before the American disaster,
890
00:49:54,358 --> 00:49:59,196
we have the same fire,
like it was in the Apollo,
891
00:49:59,229 --> 00:50:03,600
because both countries tried
to build the spacecrafts
892
00:50:03,633 --> 00:50:06,570
as light as possible.
893
00:50:06,603 --> 00:50:08,271
And at first they thought,
894
00:50:08,305 --> 00:50:11,708
"Let's use the pure oxygen
in the capsule,"
895
00:50:11,742 --> 00:50:13,143
and one of these testing,
896
00:50:13,176 --> 00:50:18,382
the person who was there,
he burned alive.
897
00:50:18,415 --> 00:50:20,117
He died,
but Soviets kept it secret.
898
00:50:20,150 --> 00:50:24,287
They don't want to publicize
their disasters.
899
00:50:24,321 --> 00:50:28,091
♪
900
00:50:34,531 --> 00:50:39,069
MARGARET CHASE SMITH:
Why wasn't the seriousness
of the situation
901
00:50:39,102 --> 00:50:40,303
regarding the
multi-billion-dollar contracts
902
00:50:40,337 --> 00:50:41,271
at North American
903
00:50:41,304 --> 00:50:42,706
made known
to the committee?
904
00:50:42,739 --> 00:50:44,374
Would you not feel
905
00:50:44,408 --> 00:50:47,844
that the chairman and other
members of the committee
906
00:50:47,878 --> 00:50:49,813
should have been briefed
on the situation?
907
00:50:49,846 --> 00:50:54,317
The facts are, are they not,
908
00:50:54,351 --> 00:50:57,654
that this committee has
a responsibility
909
00:50:57,687 --> 00:51:02,259
to pursue the matter
to determine, uh, uh...
910
00:51:02,292 --> 00:51:05,462
whether there was negligence
on the part of...
911
00:51:05,495 --> 00:51:08,031
BLOOM:
Most of those congressmen
and the senators
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=MPEGTS:187507, LOCAL:00:00:00.000
912
00:51:08,031 --> 00:51:08,065
BLOOM:
Most of those congressmen
and the senators
913
00:51:08,065 --> 00:51:11,368
didn't have a clue
what they were asking.
914
00:51:11,401 --> 00:51:14,538
They would ask questions and
didn't know how to follow up.
915
00:51:14,571 --> 00:51:18,375
HOWARD CANNON:
Mr. Webb, I'd like
to ask you first,
916
00:51:18,408 --> 00:51:20,377
whether or not
that was a change,
917
00:51:20,410 --> 00:51:22,045
and if it was a change,
918
00:51:22,079 --> 00:51:24,047
what was the specific change
919
00:51:24,081 --> 00:51:25,849
and what was the necessity
for it?
920
00:51:25,882 --> 00:51:28,552
Referring to flammable materials
921
00:51:28,585 --> 00:51:30,754
and the, and...
922
00:51:30,787 --> 00:51:34,391
Then the recommendation
that...
923
00:51:34,424 --> 00:51:36,593
BLOOM:
They were senators
and congressmen
924
00:51:36,626 --> 00:51:38,795
trying to get publicity
for themselves,
925
00:51:38,829 --> 00:51:40,497
so, no, I don't think
those hearings
926
00:51:40,530 --> 00:51:44,000
were all that important,
except politically speaking,
927
00:51:44,034 --> 00:51:46,336
and I don't think
there was ever a thought
928
00:51:46,369 --> 00:51:48,705
that they wouldn't continue on
to the moon.
929
00:51:48,738 --> 00:51:50,507
GEORGE MUELLER:
One has always
to balance
930
00:51:50,540 --> 00:51:53,643
the risks in this...
in, in one of these programs.
931
00:51:53,677 --> 00:51:59,483
There is no way of guaranteeing
that every risk can be avoided,
932
00:51:59,516 --> 00:52:01,751
and I don't... I don't think
933
00:52:01,785 --> 00:52:04,955
that we, we have eliminated risk
from the program.
934
00:52:04,988 --> 00:52:06,823
JAMES WEBB:
The difficulties are related
935
00:52:06,857 --> 00:52:10,327
to the, the problems of going
to the moon and coming back.
936
00:52:10,360 --> 00:52:13,964
And we right now have a number
of extremely serious situations,
937
00:52:13,997 --> 00:52:15,465
but we also believe we know
938
00:52:15,499 --> 00:52:16,733
that we can overcome them
and fly.
939
00:52:16,766 --> 00:52:18,401
They are no more difficult
940
00:52:18,435 --> 00:52:20,604
than those we've faced
over the last five or six years.
941
00:52:20,637 --> 00:52:22,005
Maybe less difficult.
942
00:52:22,038 --> 00:52:24,374
And the problems
of, of this week
943
00:52:24,407 --> 00:52:26,076
are never the problems
of next week.
944
00:52:26,109 --> 00:52:28,345
It's a constant series
of a large number of problems
945
00:52:28,378 --> 00:52:31,081
with each one being solved,
and another one emerges.
946
00:52:31,114 --> 00:52:32,749
And in the end,
you get to the point
947
00:52:32,782 --> 00:52:35,886
that you have enough confidence
to launch the equipment.
948
00:52:39,122 --> 00:52:41,992
BORMAN:
I testified for both the House
and the Senate.
949
00:52:42,025 --> 00:52:45,061
When you sit up
before this committee,
950
00:52:45,095 --> 00:52:49,766
and you got reporters handing
these guys questions to ask you,
951
00:52:49,799 --> 00:52:51,134
because the people there,
952
00:52:51,168 --> 00:52:54,037
they don't know their butt
from third base.
953
00:52:54,070 --> 00:52:57,073
Basically, I think I said, "Why
don't you stop this witch hunt
954
00:52:57,107 --> 00:53:00,043
and let us get on with the job?"
955
00:53:00,076 --> 00:53:04,214
♪
956
00:53:04,247 --> 00:53:07,517
ANDERS:
Frank Borman, he led the review,
957
00:53:07,551 --> 00:53:12,489
and many changes resulted
in a lot better spacecraft.
958
00:53:12,522 --> 00:53:14,858
The first hatches were designed
959
00:53:14,891 --> 00:53:17,894
as any sensible hatch guy
would do, you know,
960
00:53:17,928 --> 00:53:20,697
so it wouldn't blow out
in space.
961
00:53:20,730 --> 00:53:23,900
And it turned out,
in retrospect,
962
00:53:23,934 --> 00:53:26,803
that it was just one
of a series of mistakes.
963
00:53:26,836 --> 00:53:29,005
♪
964
00:53:29,039 --> 00:53:31,875
The replacement hatch,
965
00:53:31,908 --> 00:53:35,245
I mean, it looked like
a hatch engineer's wet dream,
966
00:53:35,278 --> 00:53:38,114
with all these gears and latches
and whatnot.
967
00:53:38,148 --> 00:53:41,551
I kept looking at it, thinking,
"Jeez, don't touch it."
968
00:53:41,585 --> 00:53:45,622
BORMAN:
The subsequent actions
969
00:53:45,655 --> 00:53:50,160
instituted some very,
very sweeping changes.
970
00:53:50,193 --> 00:53:53,563
Management changes,
technical changes were made,
971
00:53:53,597 --> 00:53:55,765
that gave us a vehicle
972
00:53:55,799 --> 00:53:58,635
that was far superior
to the one that they died in.
973
00:53:58,668 --> 00:54:03,340
♪
974
00:54:03,373 --> 00:54:06,810
The lunar module,
it was also lagging behind.
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=MPEGTS:187507, LOCAL:00:00:00.000
975
00:54:06,810 --> 00:54:06,843
The lunar module,
it was also lagging behind.
976
00:54:06,843 --> 00:54:09,212
It had never flown.
977
00:54:09,246 --> 00:54:11,181
They realized that
there were all kinds of problems
978
00:54:11,214 --> 00:54:15,452
in that, too.
979
00:54:15,485 --> 00:54:17,821
♪
980
00:54:17,854 --> 00:54:20,890
REPORTER:
It looks like
the world's fanciest cocoon.
981
00:54:20,924 --> 00:54:25,762
Inside is a lunar module,
one of the series of spacecraft
982
00:54:25,795 --> 00:54:30,066
designed to land Americans
on the moon before 1970.
983
00:54:30,100 --> 00:54:34,170
But the elaborate cocoon hides
a troubled butterfly--
984
00:54:34,204 --> 00:54:37,874
an Apollo program substantially
over budget
985
00:54:37,907 --> 00:54:40,477
and so drastically
behind schedule
986
00:54:40,510 --> 00:54:43,880
that the goal of a manned
lunar landing in the 1960s
987
00:54:43,913 --> 00:54:45,682
may already be lost.
988
00:54:46,850 --> 00:54:50,353
BORMAN:
The fire shook the confidence,
989
00:54:50,387 --> 00:54:53,356
the public confidence, in NASA.
990
00:54:53,390 --> 00:54:56,626
I think NASA had
a really almost golden image,
991
00:54:56,660 --> 00:54:59,095
and then all of a sudden,
that was shattered.
992
00:55:02,932 --> 00:55:06,536
The space program, up to now,
has been a crash program.
993
00:55:06,569 --> 00:55:08,371
In other words, we've said,
"We're going to the moon
994
00:55:08,405 --> 00:55:10,640
no matter what."
995
00:55:10,674 --> 00:55:15,378
Well, I think that we've got
to abandon that emphasis.
996
00:55:15,412 --> 00:55:17,280
This doesn't mean
we abandon space--
997
00:55:17,314 --> 00:55:19,983
we can't, we're not likely to.
998
00:55:20,016 --> 00:55:23,253
Man has reached this threshold,
he's not going to back off.
999
00:55:23,286 --> 00:55:25,422
And so we're going to continue
our effort
1000
00:55:25,455 --> 00:55:26,956
to probe ever deeper in space,
1001
00:55:26,990 --> 00:55:28,858
but it's got to be at...
in accordance
1002
00:55:28,892 --> 00:55:30,527
with a different order
of priorities.
1003
00:55:30,560 --> 00:55:33,196
There are some things here
on Earth that we should now do,
1004
00:55:33,229 --> 00:55:34,864
no matter what.
1005
00:55:34,898 --> 00:55:37,133
♪
1006
00:55:37,167 --> 00:55:40,036
ROGER LAUNIUS:
Everybody at NASA
1007
00:55:40,070 --> 00:55:41,938
who worked on the Apollo program
will tell you,
1008
00:55:41,971 --> 00:55:43,907
is that in 1961, when they got
the mission to go to the moon,
1009
00:55:43,940 --> 00:55:46,509
they sort of put their heads
down to work on this problem.
1010
00:55:46,543 --> 00:55:51,981
So the, the desperation
of the civil rights crusade,
1011
00:55:52,015 --> 00:55:54,017
the desire to have
more inclusiveness--
1012
00:55:54,050 --> 00:55:55,885
women's rights and so on--
1013
00:55:55,919 --> 00:56:01,591
all of the issues that were
transformed during that era--
1014
00:56:01,624 --> 00:56:03,193
they sort of got left behind,
1015
00:56:03,226 --> 00:56:07,263
and these guys sort of
missed the '60s.
1016
00:56:09,899 --> 00:56:12,502
(explosion roaring)
1017
00:56:12,535 --> 00:56:15,605
(gunfire, more explosions echo)
1018
00:56:15,638 --> 00:56:18,641
MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.:
If our nation can spend
1019
00:56:18,675 --> 00:56:22,979
$35 billion a year
1020
00:56:23,012 --> 00:56:27,050
to fight an unjust evil war
in Vietnam,
1021
00:56:27,083 --> 00:56:31,054
and $20 billion to put a man
on the moon,
1022
00:56:31,087 --> 00:56:33,456
it can spend billions of dollars
1023
00:56:33,490 --> 00:56:35,525
to put God's children
on their own two feet,
1024
00:56:35,558 --> 00:56:39,028
right here on Earth.
1025
00:56:39,062 --> 00:56:41,264
♪
1026
00:56:41,297 --> 00:56:45,235
BORMAN:
You know, 1968 wasn't
a very good year
1027
00:56:45,268 --> 00:56:46,836
from the standpoint
of Americans,
1028
00:56:46,870 --> 00:56:51,174
with the assassinations
and, and the war in Vietnam.
1029
00:56:51,207 --> 00:56:53,843
(crowd clamoring)
1030
00:56:53,877 --> 00:56:59,282
I, I was aware
of what was going on...
1031
00:56:59,315 --> 00:57:04,187
(gun firing, whistle blowing,
crowd clamoring)
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=MPEGTS:187507, LOCAL:00:00:00.000
1032
00:57:07,290 --> 00:57:09,559
(gun fires)
1033
00:57:09,592 --> 00:57:13,129
...but I was not part
of that scene.
1034
00:57:13,163 --> 00:57:14,597
I was totally engrossed
1035
00:57:14,631 --> 00:57:17,801
in trying to get to the moon
and back.
1036
00:57:17,834 --> 00:57:21,304
So it was almost as if
1037
00:57:21,337 --> 00:57:25,074
I was living
on another planet then.
1038
00:57:25,108 --> 00:57:31,114
♪
1039
00:57:31,147 --> 00:57:34,584
WERNHER VON BRAUN:
There are many other things
competing for public interest.
1040
00:57:34,617 --> 00:57:36,753
There's an election coming up,
1041
00:57:36,786 --> 00:57:40,190
and there's a war going on
in Vietnam,
1042
00:57:40,223 --> 00:57:42,792
and there are problems
in the cities,
1043
00:57:42,826 --> 00:57:45,962
and...
1044
00:57:45,995 --> 00:57:47,530
Quite a few people seem
to believe
1045
00:57:47,564 --> 00:57:51,501
that we have taken money away
from the public purse.
1046
00:57:51,534 --> 00:57:54,804
We prefer to see
our space program
1047
00:57:54,838 --> 00:57:56,439
in a somewhat different light.
1048
00:57:56,473 --> 00:57:58,942
We believe that we are
actually producing values
1049
00:57:58,975 --> 00:58:00,944
and we are producing values
at a faster rate
1050
00:58:00,977 --> 00:58:04,714
than we are taking money
out of the Treasury.
1051
00:58:09,819 --> 00:58:12,722
ANDERS:
Early on, we were
all trotted around
1052
00:58:12,755 --> 00:58:15,492
to Huntsville and other places
1053
00:58:15,525 --> 00:58:18,561
where they were building parts
of the Saturn V.
1054
00:58:21,364 --> 00:58:25,134
The Saturn V is taller
than the Statue of Liberty.
1055
00:58:25,168 --> 00:58:29,339
It can carry a payload
of 280,000 pounds
1056
00:58:29,372 --> 00:58:31,341
into a low-Earth orbit,
1057
00:58:31,374 --> 00:58:34,944
which is the equivalent
of about 35 Gemini spacecraft.
1058
00:58:34,978 --> 00:58:37,680
With this vehicle,
1059
00:58:37,714 --> 00:58:40,783
the flight to the moon
will be accomplished.
1060
00:58:43,186 --> 00:58:46,422
ANDERS:
It was basically
an analog rocket.
1061
00:58:46,456 --> 00:58:49,993
We had less intelligence
in its guidance system
1062
00:58:50,026 --> 00:58:54,364
than I have in a Casio watch.
1063
00:58:54,397 --> 00:58:59,369
It probably was the most
complicated pile of technology
1064
00:58:59,402 --> 00:59:01,204
that anybody had built.
1065
00:59:03,940 --> 00:59:08,378
(rockets firing)
1066
00:59:09,779 --> 00:59:12,181
BUCKBEE:
Von Braun believed in testing.
1067
00:59:12,215 --> 00:59:16,452
I cannot emphasize that term
enough.
1068
00:59:16,486 --> 00:59:18,288
(rockets fire)
1069
00:59:18,321 --> 00:59:19,923
Test, test, test.
1070
00:59:19,956 --> 00:59:21,791
Test to the point it breaks.
1071
00:59:21,824 --> 00:59:24,527
(thrusters roaring)
1072
00:59:24,561 --> 00:59:26,529
His idea was,
you test the first booster.
1073
00:59:26,563 --> 00:59:28,731
Once you're satisfied that
the first stage is successful,
1074
00:59:28,765 --> 00:59:30,900
then you put
the live second stage on,
1075
00:59:30,934 --> 00:59:32,769
you test that
until you're satisfied
1076
00:59:32,802 --> 00:59:34,237
that those two stages
are correct,
1077
00:59:34,270 --> 00:59:35,638
and finally, you put
the third stage on,
1078
00:59:35,672 --> 00:59:39,475
and you test it.
1079
00:59:39,509 --> 00:59:42,979
We ground-tested
all of those stages
1080
00:59:43,012 --> 00:59:45,715
before they were ever shipped
to the Cape for launch.
1081
00:59:45,748 --> 00:59:48,585
(rumbling loudly, hissing)
1082
00:59:48,618 --> 00:59:51,888
Well, that was the concept.
1083
00:59:54,724 --> 00:59:58,361
When George Mueller became
involved--
1084
00:59:58,394 --> 01:00:01,030
he was Von Braun's boss--
you know, Mueller says,
1085
01:00:01,064 --> 01:00:02,832
"If we're going to beat
the Russians,
1086
01:00:02,865 --> 01:00:05,168
"and we're going to do it
within this decade,
1087
01:00:05,201 --> 01:00:07,403
"we've got to jump-start
this program.
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=MPEGTS:187507, LOCAL:00:00:00.000
1088
01:00:07,403 --> 01:00:07,437
"we've got to jump-start
this program.
1089
01:00:07,437 --> 01:00:10,306
"So why not go all-up, unmanned,
1090
01:00:10,340 --> 01:00:13,876
"with all three stages hot,
1091
01:00:13,910 --> 01:00:15,178
and look at everything
carefully?"
1092
01:00:15,211 --> 01:00:19,148
He came up with the idea
of the all-up test.
1093
01:00:19,182 --> 01:00:21,985
♪
1094
01:00:22,018 --> 01:00:25,555
Von Braun did not believe
in all-up.
1095
01:00:25,588 --> 01:00:28,925
He was not comfortable
with that at all,
1096
01:00:28,958 --> 01:00:32,762
because they had never followed
that process.
1097
01:00:32,795 --> 01:00:39,102
BLOOM:
This was the first unmanned test
of the Saturn V,
1098
01:00:39,135 --> 01:00:42,138
the rocket that was going
to take men to the moon.
1099
01:00:42,171 --> 01:00:44,907
So everyone was there.
1100
01:00:46,976 --> 01:00:50,780
And it was the first launching
after the Apollo fire.
1101
01:00:50,813 --> 01:00:52,782
If that failed,
1102
01:00:52,815 --> 01:00:56,285
then NASA was not going to get
to the moon
1103
01:00:56,319 --> 01:00:58,054
during the decade.
1104
01:00:58,087 --> 01:01:02,592
♪
1105
01:01:02,625 --> 01:01:07,063
ALEXANDER:
Just this enormous,
enormous structure,
1106
01:01:07,096 --> 01:01:09,599
and you knew
that once it was filled
1107
01:01:09,632 --> 01:01:12,301
with kerosene and liquid oxygen,
1108
01:01:12,335 --> 01:01:15,705
you were dealing
with a very massive,
1109
01:01:15,738 --> 01:01:17,840
tremendous amount of energy--
1110
01:01:17,874 --> 01:01:21,077
just mind-boggling.
1111
01:01:23,146 --> 01:01:24,814
BLOOM:
I mean, it was, everybody was...
1112
01:01:24,847 --> 01:01:28,284
There's seven-and-a-half million
pounds of thrust
1113
01:01:28,317 --> 01:01:31,387
in the first stage,
and what does that mean, really?
1114
01:01:31,421 --> 01:01:33,022
I mean, it sounds impressive,
1115
01:01:33,056 --> 01:01:36,192
but what would it really mean
when it launched?
1116
01:01:36,225 --> 01:01:41,130
♪
1117
01:01:45,968 --> 01:01:47,637
(talking in background)
1118
01:01:47,670 --> 01:01:51,507
BLOOM:
By that time, the networks had
all built trailers at the Cape,
1119
01:01:51,541 --> 01:01:55,611
and they had large windows that
looked out on the launch site,
1120
01:01:55,645 --> 01:01:57,447
three-and-a-half miles away.
1121
01:01:57,480 --> 01:01:59,582
MAN (on radio):
Check the generators
for power transfer.
1122
01:01:59,615 --> 01:02:02,919
BLOOM:
And nobody quite knew what
the Saturn V was going to do.
1123
01:02:02,952 --> 01:02:08,891
(people talking on radio)
1124
01:02:08,925 --> 01:02:12,462
KING (archival):
One, two, three, four...
1125
01:02:12,495 --> 01:02:14,130
KING (voiceover):
On the first Saturn V launch,
1126
01:02:14,163 --> 01:02:17,600
you know when I say,
"Ignition sequence start"...
1127
01:02:17,633 --> 01:02:19,902
KING (archival):
...nine, ignition sequence
start.
1128
01:02:19,936 --> 01:02:22,071
KING:
You've got
those five giant engines,
1129
01:02:22,105 --> 01:02:23,673
and they ignite.
1130
01:02:23,706 --> 01:02:27,043
(engines ignite)
1131
01:02:27,076 --> 01:02:28,945
And it takes the remainder
of the countdown
1132
01:02:28,978 --> 01:02:31,380
for them build up that
seven-and-a-half million pounds
1133
01:02:31,414 --> 01:02:32,882
of thrust.
1134
01:02:32,915 --> 01:02:37,286
KING (archival):
Five, four, we have ignition.
1135
01:02:37,320 --> 01:02:41,023
All engines are running.
1136
01:02:41,057 --> 01:02:44,961
♪
1137
01:02:44,994 --> 01:02:48,731
(engines roaring)
1138
01:02:52,201 --> 01:02:56,105
KING:
And there it was, sitting
in a bed of flames.
1139
01:02:56,139 --> 01:02:57,874
It seemed like an eternity.
1140
01:02:57,907 --> 01:03:01,778
♪
1141
01:03:05,114 --> 01:03:09,152
And there were still
five giant swing arms
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=MPEGTS:187507, LOCAL:00:00:00.000
1142
01:03:09,152 --> 01:03:09,185
And there were still
five giant swing arms
1143
01:03:09,185 --> 01:03:12,421
attached to that rocket.
1144
01:03:12,455 --> 01:03:15,525
And then all of a sudden,
it would slowly lift off.
1145
01:03:15,558 --> 01:03:19,228
KING (archival):
We have liftoff,
we have liftoff at 7:00 a.m.
1146
01:03:19,262 --> 01:03:22,064
(rocket roaring)
1147
01:03:23,833 --> 01:03:28,004
♪
1148
01:03:33,509 --> 01:03:37,180
(rocket roaring)
1149
01:03:47,156 --> 01:03:49,091
BLOOM:
We were three-and-a-half miles
away,
1150
01:03:49,125 --> 01:03:50,793
so you can see it,
1151
01:03:50,827 --> 01:03:53,196
but the sound and shock wave
took several seconds
1152
01:03:53,229 --> 01:03:54,230
to get to us.
1153
01:03:54,263 --> 01:03:59,402
(sound booms, rocket roaring)
1154
01:04:11,347 --> 01:04:13,783
♪
1155
01:04:13,816 --> 01:04:16,619
KING:
I thought the whole damn roof
was going to come down
1156
01:04:16,652 --> 01:04:18,221
on top of us.
1157
01:04:18,254 --> 01:04:20,189
Walter Cronkite
was knocked off his chair
1158
01:04:20,223 --> 01:04:22,491
in his trailer
over at the press site.
1159
01:04:22,525 --> 01:04:23,926
CRONKITE:
Oh, it's terrific!
1160
01:04:23,960 --> 01:04:25,795
The building's shaking!
1161
01:04:28,464 --> 01:04:30,366
This big glass window
was shaking
1162
01:04:30,399 --> 01:04:32,602
and we're holding it
with our hands.
1163
01:04:32,635 --> 01:04:34,737
Look at that rocket go!
1164
01:04:34,770 --> 01:04:39,942
♪
1165
01:04:46,382 --> 01:04:50,119
(people talking on radio)
1166
01:04:50,152 --> 01:04:53,456
♪
1167
01:04:53,489 --> 01:04:54,690
MAN (on radio):
How's it looking?
1168
01:04:54,724 --> 01:04:55,992
MAN 2 (on radio):
Pretty good.
1169
01:04:56,025 --> 01:05:00,296
♪
1170
01:05:01,998 --> 01:05:03,633
BUCKBEE:
Everyone just looked around
and said, you know,
1171
01:05:03,666 --> 01:05:05,735
"It really did work,
I mean, it's fantastic.
1172
01:05:05,768 --> 01:05:07,036
It's working, working!"
1173
01:05:07,069 --> 01:05:08,771
(people applauding)
1174
01:05:10,106 --> 01:05:13,109
(cheering, whistling)
1175
01:05:15,211 --> 01:05:16,612
REPORTER:
Dr. von Braun,
1176
01:05:16,646 --> 01:05:18,047
whenever there's
a space accomplishment,
1177
01:05:18,080 --> 01:05:20,316
the question inevitably arises:
1178
01:05:20,349 --> 01:05:22,485
"Are we ahead,
or are we behind?"
1179
01:05:22,518 --> 01:05:25,087
How about this?
Well, I would say
1180
01:05:25,121 --> 01:05:27,723
the Soviet program has
definitely more momentum
1181
01:05:27,757 --> 01:05:29,392
than ours.
1182
01:05:29,425 --> 01:05:32,194
Their relative commitment
as a nation
1183
01:05:32,228 --> 01:05:34,196
to the space program
1184
01:05:34,230 --> 01:05:37,166
is estimated to be
about twice as high as ours.
1185
01:05:37,199 --> 01:05:39,168
REPORTER:
There's a lot of talk again
1186
01:05:39,201 --> 01:05:42,805
about what the Russians may be
doing or about to do.
1187
01:05:42,838 --> 01:05:44,440
Could you please give us
your assessment
1188
01:05:44,473 --> 01:05:49,812
of the talk about
their big booster, about Zond 5,
1189
01:05:49,845 --> 01:05:51,614
and when they may try
circumlunar flights
1190
01:05:51,647 --> 01:05:54,216
or lunar landings?
1191
01:05:54,250 --> 01:05:57,420
VON BRAUN:
Well, my assessment of Zond 5,
1192
01:05:57,453 --> 01:06:02,258
that was the Soviet spacecraft
that looped the moon
1193
01:06:02,291 --> 01:06:05,828
and re-entered
over the Indian Ocean
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=MPEGTS:187507, LOCAL:00:00:00.000
1194
01:06:05,828 --> 01:06:05,861
and re-entered
over the Indian Ocean
1195
01:06:05,861 --> 01:06:09,332
and was successfully recovered
by Soviet ships
1196
01:06:09,365 --> 01:06:11,133
in the Indian Ocean,
1197
01:06:11,167 --> 01:06:14,737
was a dress rehearsal
1198
01:06:14,770 --> 01:06:19,141
for a manned flight.
1199
01:06:22,745 --> 01:06:24,847
BORMAN:
I was out at Downey, California,
1200
01:06:24,880 --> 01:06:28,017
doing a test
on the Apollo 8 spacecraft.
1201
01:06:28,050 --> 01:06:30,152
I got a call from Deke Slayton,
1202
01:06:30,186 --> 01:06:33,723
said, "Get back here right away,
I need to talk to you."
1203
01:06:33,756 --> 01:06:35,691
So I got in an airplane
and went back,
1204
01:06:35,725 --> 01:06:38,361
and I walked in the door.
1205
01:06:38,394 --> 01:06:40,162
(chuckles):
I remember Deke said,
"Close the door."
1206
01:06:40,196 --> 01:06:43,532
And he said
that the C.I.A. had information
1207
01:06:43,566 --> 01:06:45,668
that the Russians were going
to try to go to the moon,
1208
01:06:45,701 --> 01:06:47,937
and that they...
he wanted to know
1209
01:06:47,970 --> 01:06:49,638
if we could move our mission
1210
01:06:49,672 --> 01:06:52,775
from a, a February
or March launch
1211
01:06:52,808 --> 01:06:55,077
to a December launch
and go to the moon,
1212
01:06:55,111 --> 01:06:58,514
if we could retrain ourselves--
this was in August.
1213
01:06:58,547 --> 01:07:00,716
And I said yes, we could.
1214
01:07:00,750 --> 01:07:02,685
♪
1215
01:07:02,718 --> 01:07:06,789
ANDERS:
We had been told that
the Soviets were going to try
1216
01:07:06,822 --> 01:07:09,992
to launch
the first manned flight
1217
01:07:10,026 --> 01:07:11,894
up and around the moon.
1218
01:07:11,927 --> 01:07:17,199
It was proven that they, indeed,
tried it unmanned,
1219
01:07:17,233 --> 01:07:20,936
they had selected a crew
to fly a manned flight.
1220
01:07:20,970 --> 01:07:23,339
(rocket firing)
1221
01:07:23,372 --> 01:07:25,808
Many of the earlier flights
were unsuccessful
1222
01:07:25,841 --> 01:07:30,246
for various reasons.
1223
01:07:30,279 --> 01:07:33,182
(explosion echoes)
1224
01:07:36,385 --> 01:07:41,991
So unbeknownst to us,
the Russians got cold feet.
1225
01:07:45,928 --> 01:07:47,430
But NASA, under the threat
1226
01:07:47,463 --> 01:07:49,999
of having the Soviets scoop them
yet again,
1227
01:07:50,032 --> 01:07:54,837
decided to shuffle
the Apollo flights,
1228
01:07:54,870 --> 01:07:57,073
take Apollo 8,
1229
01:07:57,106 --> 01:07:59,708
whose lunar module
was behind schedule anyway,
1230
01:07:59,742 --> 01:08:02,845
give us the first Saturn V,
1231
01:08:02,878 --> 01:08:05,781
and on that, we would just go
around the moon
1232
01:08:05,815 --> 01:08:08,717
without a lunar module.
1233
01:08:08,751 --> 01:08:12,955
♪
1234
01:08:12,988 --> 01:08:17,526
BORMAN:
My odds for mission success
were 100%.
1235
01:08:17,560 --> 01:08:20,830
If I didn't think
I was coming back,
1236
01:08:20,863 --> 01:08:23,999
I wasn't going to go.
1237
01:08:24,033 --> 01:08:25,901
Bill Anders,
I think, had figured out,
1238
01:08:25,935 --> 01:08:30,739
think he said,
30% for mission success.
1239
01:08:30,773 --> 01:08:33,509
But he was more analytical
than I am.
1240
01:08:33,542 --> 01:08:37,680
♪
1241
01:08:37,713 --> 01:08:40,749
ANDERS:
Well, it was a big rocket,
1242
01:08:40,783 --> 01:08:43,919
full of very explosive stuff.
1243
01:08:43,953 --> 01:08:47,590
We went through the drill
of escaping,
1244
01:08:47,623 --> 01:08:53,662
which was riding a wire and
then jumping down to a chute,
1245
01:08:53,696 --> 01:08:55,264
and then jumping down there
1246
01:08:55,297 --> 01:08:57,933
and landing in a room on springs
and padded chairs,
1247
01:08:57,967 --> 01:09:01,837
and I thought,
"We'll never get that far."
1248
01:09:01,871 --> 01:09:08,344
♪
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=MPEGTS:187507, LOCAL:00:00:00.000
1249
01:09:08,344 --> 01:09:08,377
♪
1250
01:09:08,377 --> 01:09:10,713
And so the chance
of beating the Russians
1251
01:09:10,746 --> 01:09:15,551
with this mere threat
of the Saturn V blowing up
1252
01:09:15,584 --> 01:09:19,989
was not a big factor,
at least in my concern.
1253
01:09:20,022 --> 01:09:22,558
The last thing we want to do
is screw up.
1254
01:09:22,591 --> 01:09:25,561
We'd rather die
than screw up in public.
1255
01:09:25,594 --> 01:09:28,297
Standard fighter pilot view.
1256
01:09:31,800 --> 01:09:34,503
♪
1257
01:09:34,537 --> 01:09:38,374
POPPY NORTHCUTT:
They accelerated the schedule
on Apollo 8 so much,
1258
01:09:38,407 --> 01:09:42,645
the, the flight controllers
had not had time to train
1259
01:09:42,678 --> 01:09:44,580
on the return-to-Earth
capability,
1260
01:09:44,613 --> 01:09:47,516
which was really
the big new thing
1261
01:09:47,550 --> 01:09:49,785
on that mission.
1262
01:09:51,587 --> 01:09:54,857
Well, I was on
the return-to-Earth program.
1263
01:09:54,890 --> 01:09:56,358
I was a return-to-Earth
specialist,
1264
01:09:56,392 --> 01:09:58,627
by the time
we were flying Apollo 8.
1265
01:09:58,661 --> 01:10:01,864
So we went in to help them learn
1266
01:10:01,897 --> 01:10:06,602
how to use
the return-to-Earth program.
1267
01:10:06,635 --> 01:10:08,571
Poppy,
what do you actually do
1268
01:10:08,604 --> 01:10:12,775
during space flights
here in Mission Control?
1269
01:10:12,808 --> 01:10:14,843
Well, my job is to get
the astronauts safely
1270
01:10:14,877 --> 01:10:16,745
back to Earth
from the moon.
1271
01:10:16,779 --> 01:10:19,915
What does that mean,
exactly?
1272
01:10:19,949 --> 01:10:22,785
Well, it means determining
what their position is,
1273
01:10:22,818 --> 01:10:24,253
the present position,
1274
01:10:24,286 --> 01:10:27,089
feeding the information
into a computer program,
1275
01:10:27,122 --> 01:10:29,558
and getting back
their maneuver angles
1276
01:10:29,592 --> 01:10:31,260
and how much thrust
they have to have
1277
01:10:31,293 --> 01:10:33,996
to get back to the Earth.
So you're computing
1278
01:10:34,029 --> 01:10:36,031
their trajectory
for the return to Earth?
1279
01:10:36,065 --> 01:10:37,967
That's right.
1280
01:10:38,000 --> 01:10:40,169
NORTHCUTT:
It was a complete peculiarity
1281
01:10:40,202 --> 01:10:42,171
to have a woman
in an operational role
1282
01:10:42,204 --> 01:10:43,405
in Mission Control.
1283
01:10:43,439 --> 01:10:44,974
I was the first one.
1284
01:10:45,007 --> 01:10:48,611
For quite a while,
I was the only woman
1285
01:10:48,644 --> 01:10:51,313
in a technical role
in Houston.
1286
01:10:51,347 --> 01:10:53,249
There were some
computer programmers,
1287
01:10:53,282 --> 01:10:54,650
a few of those,
1288
01:10:54,683 --> 01:10:56,819
but in terms of working
on the engineering side,
1289
01:10:56,852 --> 01:10:58,287
I was the only one.
1290
01:10:58,320 --> 01:11:01,590
So I did interviews
with all kinds of people.
1291
01:11:01,624 --> 01:11:02,891
REPORTER:
But how did a girl
1292
01:11:02,925 --> 01:11:05,661
of only 25
get into this job
1293
01:11:05,694 --> 01:11:07,363
at such an early age?
1294
01:11:07,396 --> 01:11:09,331
Well, I studied mathematics
in college,
1295
01:11:09,365 --> 01:11:12,167
and I came to work here
right out of school.
1296
01:11:12,201 --> 01:11:14,436
I've been working
on this particular project
1297
01:11:14,470 --> 01:11:16,405
ever since I came to work here.
1298
01:11:16,438 --> 01:11:19,041
Aren't the men jealous
of you?
1299
01:11:19,074 --> 01:11:21,143
No, I don't think so.
1300
01:11:21,176 --> 01:11:25,414
NORTHCUTT:
It was a very sexist society
at that time,
1301
01:11:25,447 --> 01:11:28,984
which informed my becoming
a feminist.
1302
01:11:29,018 --> 01:11:30,753
(typewriter keys clacking)
1303
01:11:30,786 --> 01:11:33,722
I started off working
as a computress.
1304
01:11:33,756 --> 01:11:36,058
I don't know why they called
them computresses.
1305
01:11:36,091 --> 01:11:41,063
We weren't necessarily doing
computer work.
1306
01:11:41,096 --> 01:11:44,133
It was sort of like "Mad Men."
1307
01:11:44,166 --> 01:11:46,468
That was
a fairly accurate depiction
1308
01:11:46,502 --> 01:11:48,771
of the world for women.
1309
01:11:48,804 --> 01:11:51,307
But I was really fascinated.
1310
01:11:51,340 --> 01:11:53,776
I wanted to know
what I was doing
1311
01:11:53,809 --> 01:11:55,711
and why I was doing it.
1312
01:11:55,744 --> 01:11:57,446
And I had a math degree,
1313
01:11:57,479 --> 01:12:00,983
and I'd taken
a celestial mechanics course,
1314
01:12:01,016 --> 01:12:03,786
so I just worked my butt off.
1315
01:12:03,819 --> 01:12:05,120
The guys that I was working
around
1316
01:12:05,154 --> 01:12:07,022
could tell that I was working
really hard.
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=MPEGTS:187507, LOCAL:00:00:00.000
1317
01:12:07,022 --> 01:12:07,056
could tell that I was working
really hard.
1318
01:12:07,056 --> 01:12:08,891
I was working
as hard as they were.
1319
01:12:08,924 --> 01:12:11,593
Or even harder, to be honest.
1320
01:12:11,627 --> 01:12:15,931
I mean, it was a boys' club,
no doubt about it.
1321
01:12:15,964 --> 01:12:19,335
I was sort of the trophy.
1322
01:12:19,368 --> 01:12:22,137
I was blonde, I was young,
I was thin.
1323
01:12:22,171 --> 01:12:25,941
I wore, you know,
the latest fashion clothes.
1324
01:12:25,974 --> 01:12:29,011
♪
1325
01:12:29,044 --> 01:12:32,414
How much attention do men
in Mission Control pay
1326
01:12:32,448 --> 01:12:35,250
to a pretty girl
wearing miniskirts?
1327
01:12:35,284 --> 01:12:36,885
Well, I think
the first time
1328
01:12:36,919 --> 01:12:38,354
a girl in a miniskirt comes
into the MOCR,
1329
01:12:38,387 --> 01:12:40,456
they pay you
quite a lot of attention,
1330
01:12:40,489 --> 01:12:41,490
but after a while, they become
1331
01:12:41,523 --> 01:12:43,158
a little bit more accustomed
to you
1332
01:12:43,192 --> 01:12:45,361
and pay more attention
to the consoles.
1333
01:12:45,394 --> 01:12:46,862
It's been charged
that when you walk
1334
01:12:46,895 --> 01:12:48,831
into the Mission Operations
Control Room,
1335
01:12:48,864 --> 01:12:51,166
the mission grinds
to a screeching halt.
1336
01:12:51,200 --> 01:12:54,703
(chuckling):
That's not true.
1337
01:12:54,737 --> 01:12:56,605
NORTHCUTT:
Well, of course
I was being used.
1338
01:12:56,638 --> 01:13:01,977
My feeling was,
"You can play this both ways."
1339
01:13:03,946 --> 01:13:06,382
The mere fact
that a lot of women found out
1340
01:13:06,415 --> 01:13:07,783
for the first time
1341
01:13:07,816 --> 01:13:09,518
that there was a woman
in Mission Control
1342
01:13:09,551 --> 01:13:12,454
was a very big deal.
1343
01:13:12,488 --> 01:13:15,591
♪
1344
01:13:17,793 --> 01:13:20,462
I thought it was important
that people understand
1345
01:13:20,496 --> 01:13:22,631
that women can do these jobs--
1346
01:13:22,664 --> 01:13:25,134
going into science,
going into technology,
1347
01:13:25,167 --> 01:13:26,535
going into...
1348
01:13:26,568 --> 01:13:33,008
You know, doing something
that's not stereotypical.
1349
01:13:33,041 --> 01:13:36,912
(dramatic theme music playing)
1350
01:13:46,388 --> 01:13:49,258
ANNOUNCER:
Coverage of
the Apollo 8 mission,
1351
01:13:49,291 --> 01:13:50,692
a presentation of ABC News,
1352
01:13:50,726 --> 01:13:52,694
is brought to you by Tang,
1353
01:13:52,728 --> 01:13:54,730
the instant breakfast drink.
1354
01:13:54,763 --> 01:13:57,666
FRANK REYNOLDS:
Apollo 8 is the next
necessary step
1355
01:13:57,699 --> 01:14:02,237
in realizing the goal outlined
by President Kennedy in 1961.
1356
01:14:02,271 --> 01:14:04,640
No astronaut will set foot
on the surface of the...
1357
01:14:04,673 --> 01:14:07,176
BORMAN:
NASA wanted me to allow
a film crew
1358
01:14:07,209 --> 01:14:08,811
to come into the house
1359
01:14:08,844 --> 01:14:10,479
while we were up
on our way to the moon.
1360
01:14:10,512 --> 01:14:13,048
JULES BERGMAN:
They are in their
command module.
1361
01:14:13,081 --> 01:14:17,019
BORMAN:
I mentioned this to Susan,
and she was opposed to it.
1362
01:14:17,052 --> 01:14:19,455
(beeping)
1363
01:14:19,488 --> 01:14:21,390
She didn't want it,
but I said, "Susan, look,
1364
01:14:21,423 --> 01:14:23,692
this is going to be important
for the space program."
1365
01:14:23,725 --> 01:14:27,129
BERGMAN:
And there on Pad 39
we can see liquid oxygen fumes
1366
01:14:27,162 --> 01:14:28,897
coming from the first stage...
1367
01:14:28,931 --> 01:14:30,132
VALERIE ANDERS:
When there was a flight,
1368
01:14:30,165 --> 01:14:32,835
all the wives would usually go
1369
01:14:32,868 --> 01:14:35,304
to the home of the wife
whose husband was up there,
1370
01:14:35,337 --> 01:14:37,573
and bring food
and take care of children
1371
01:14:37,606 --> 01:14:41,477
and do whatever was necessary--
run errands.
1372
01:14:41,510 --> 01:14:43,946
And so there was a support there
1373
01:14:43,979 --> 01:14:47,249
that, that was interconnected,
1374
01:14:47,282 --> 01:14:48,917
and the children felt that, too.
1375
01:14:48,951 --> 01:14:51,487
You know, it was, "Oh
whose dad is going up next?"
1376
01:14:51,520 --> 01:14:53,555
BERGMAN:
22 minutes and 38 seconds
before liftoff,
1377
01:14:53,589 --> 01:14:55,290
all still going well.
1378
01:14:55,324 --> 01:14:56,758
Colonel Frank Borman,
1379
01:14:56,792 --> 01:14:58,794
the 40-year-old command pilot
of Apollo 8,
1380
01:14:58,827 --> 01:15:02,097
is a veteran astronaut
for these past six years.
1381
01:15:02,130 --> 01:15:05,200
How risky is this flight
compared to Gemini 7,
1382
01:15:05,234 --> 01:15:06,535
your 14-day flight?
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=MPEGTS:187507, LOCAL:00:00:00.000
1383
01:15:06,535 --> 01:15:06,568
your 14-day flight?
1384
01:15:06,568 --> 01:15:09,338
BORMAN (archival):
It's more risky than Gemini 7,
1385
01:15:09,371 --> 01:15:10,772
there's no question
about that.
1386
01:15:10,806 --> 01:15:12,708
We have the...
1387
01:15:12,741 --> 01:15:15,878
BORMAN:
The fire shattered
my wife's confidence
1388
01:15:15,911 --> 01:15:19,915
in, in NASA
and in the Apollo program.
1389
01:15:19,948 --> 01:15:22,651
She had always thought
that the...
1390
01:15:22,684 --> 01:15:25,754
somehow that it, it always
happens to the other guy.
1391
01:15:25,787 --> 01:15:28,090
Well, when it happened
to Ed White,
1392
01:15:28,123 --> 01:15:33,729
that resonated with Susan,
and she began to, to fantasize
1393
01:15:33,762 --> 01:15:36,598
that I might be
in the same situation.
1394
01:15:36,632 --> 01:15:39,167
♪
1395
01:15:39,201 --> 01:15:41,603
And the subsequent interaction
with Pat White
1396
01:15:41,637 --> 01:15:47,676
had left Susan shaken
and drinking too much.
1397
01:15:47,709 --> 01:15:50,279
REYNOLDS:
Well, all seems to be going
very well at Cape Kennedy.
1398
01:15:50,312 --> 01:15:54,850
We are 12 minutes and 48 seconds
away from launch time.
1399
01:15:54,883 --> 01:15:57,920
CRONKITE:
Man is about to leave his planet
for the first time.
1400
01:15:57,953 --> 01:15:59,955
Odds are against
a major systems failure,
1401
01:15:59,988 --> 01:16:02,758
but if one occurred,
the men could be lost.
1402
01:16:02,791 --> 01:16:04,760
♪
1403
01:16:04,793 --> 01:16:09,097
NORTHCUTT:
We were fixing errors
very close to flight time,
1404
01:16:09,131 --> 01:16:10,799
which you're not supposed
to be doing.
1405
01:16:10,832 --> 01:16:13,802
You're supposed to have,
you know, sealed the system,
1406
01:16:13,835 --> 01:16:16,672
and we were still fixing errors.
1407
01:16:16,705 --> 01:16:19,408
My feeling was they were flying
with baling wire
1408
01:16:19,441 --> 01:16:22,277
and rubber bands.
1409
01:16:22,311 --> 01:16:24,479
Everybody here
at Cape Kennedy knows
1410
01:16:24,513 --> 01:16:26,648
how much is riding on this one.
1411
01:16:26,682 --> 01:16:29,451
And here's
how the mission will be flown.
1412
01:16:29,484 --> 01:16:30,719
This is the Earth;
1413
01:16:30,752 --> 01:16:31,954
the launch takes place
1414
01:16:31,987 --> 01:16:33,689
from the Cape here,
1415
01:16:33,722 --> 01:16:35,591
goes into orbit, Earth orbit,
1416
01:16:35,624 --> 01:16:37,926
makes two loops around the Earth
1417
01:16:37,960 --> 01:16:41,863
as the spacecraft systems are
being checked out by the pilots.
1418
01:16:41,897 --> 01:16:45,500
When they decide they are going
to commit to lunar flight,
1419
01:16:45,534 --> 01:16:48,604
they will fire off
their third-stage engine,
1420
01:16:48,637 --> 01:16:51,106
200,000 pounds of it, here,
1421
01:16:51,139 --> 01:16:52,674
and that will take them out
1422
01:16:52,708 --> 01:16:55,444
into what's called
the trans-lunar trajectory.
1423
01:16:55,477 --> 01:16:58,380
They will drop that third stage
and then be on their own
1424
01:16:58,413 --> 01:17:00,148
for the two-and-a-half-day
flight to the moon.
1425
01:17:00,182 --> 01:17:02,584
KING:
T minus 50 seconds and counting,
1426
01:17:02,618 --> 01:17:03,952
we have the power transfer,
1427
01:17:03,986 --> 01:17:06,655
and we're now
on the flight batteries
1428
01:17:06,688 --> 01:17:07,889
within the launch vehicle.
1429
01:17:07,923 --> 01:17:09,758
45 seconds, final reports coming
1430
01:17:09,791 --> 01:17:11,627
from Frank Borman at this time,
1431
01:17:11,660 --> 01:17:16,031
final look at the switch list
aboard the spacecraft.
1432
01:17:16,064 --> 01:17:17,599
35 seconds and counting.
1433
01:17:17,633 --> 01:17:20,002
We'll lead up to
an, an ignition sequence start
1434
01:17:20,035 --> 01:17:22,137
at 8.9 seconds.
1435
01:17:22,170 --> 01:17:23,472
This will lead up,
1436
01:17:23,505 --> 01:17:25,540
as we build up the thrust
to a liftoff,
1437
01:17:25,574 --> 01:17:27,643
if all goes well, at zero.
1438
01:17:27,676 --> 01:17:31,780
We just passed
the 25-second mark in the count.
1439
01:17:31,813 --> 01:17:35,484
20 seconds, all aspects,
we are still go at this time.
1440
01:17:35,517 --> 01:17:43,525
T minus 15, 14, 13, 12, 11,
ten, nine--
1441
01:17:43,558 --> 01:17:46,695
we have ignition sequence start,
the engines are armed.
1442
01:17:46,728 --> 01:17:51,700
Four, three, two, one, zero.
1443
01:17:51,733 --> 01:17:55,871
We have commit,
we have... we have liftoff.
1444
01:17:55,904 --> 01:17:59,741
Liftoff at 7:51 a.m.
Eastern Standard Time.
1445
01:17:59,775 --> 01:18:02,611
(rocket roaring)
1446
01:18:02,644 --> 01:18:05,380
We have cleared the tower.
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=MPEGTS:187507, LOCAL:00:00:00.000
1447
01:18:11,887 --> 01:18:17,659
(rocket continues roaring)
1448
01:18:17,693 --> 01:18:20,128
♪
1449
01:18:31,773 --> 01:18:37,546
ANDERS:
We trained for almost everything
for an Apollo flight.
1450
01:18:37,579 --> 01:18:41,650
Emergencies after emergencies
in the simulators.
1451
01:18:41,683 --> 01:18:44,219
The one thing
that we didn't train for
1452
01:18:44,252 --> 01:18:48,390
was the dynamics
of the Saturn V liftoff.
1453
01:18:48,423 --> 01:18:51,927
♪
1454
01:18:51,960 --> 01:18:53,995
The first 20 seconds
were violent.
1455
01:18:54,029 --> 01:18:57,899
We were literally slammed
back and forth in the seats.
1456
01:18:57,933 --> 01:19:01,136
I felt like a rat in the jaws
of a giant terrier.
1457
01:19:01,169 --> 01:19:02,771
You couldn't hear yourself
think.
1458
01:19:02,804 --> 01:19:05,107
BERGMAN:
Now from 22,000 feet,
1459
01:19:05,140 --> 01:19:07,609
a speed of almost 2,000 miles
an hour
1460
01:19:07,642 --> 01:19:09,111
at this instant.
1461
01:19:09,144 --> 01:19:13,415
♪
1462
01:19:13,448 --> 01:19:15,751
(people talking on radio)
1463
01:19:15,784 --> 01:19:19,888
♪
1464
01:19:19,921 --> 01:19:23,258
There's that majestic plume
of flame behind the Saturn V
1465
01:19:23,291 --> 01:19:26,361
as she thunders into the sky,
gathering speed.
1466
01:19:26,394 --> 01:19:28,997
HANEY (on P.A.):
...to the mission,
1467
01:19:29,030 --> 01:19:30,899
and Frank Borman has confirmed
1468
01:19:30,932 --> 01:19:32,501
each event has been passed
through
1469
01:19:32,534 --> 01:19:35,170
by Mike Collins at this point.
1470
01:19:35,203 --> 01:19:37,773
(people talking on radio)
1471
01:19:37,806 --> 01:19:40,275
BERGMAN:
There it is,
staging and the burnout
1472
01:19:40,308 --> 01:19:42,310
of the first-stage engines,
right on the money.
1473
01:19:42,344 --> 01:19:44,746
HANEY:
We can see
the first-stage cutoff.
1474
01:19:44,780 --> 01:19:46,782
BERGMAN:
6,000 miles an hour.
1475
01:19:46,815 --> 01:19:50,051
More than 225,000 feet high,
burning beautifully,
1476
01:19:50,085 --> 01:19:53,889
Borman, Lovell, and Anders
off perfectly.
1477
01:19:53,922 --> 01:19:57,526
HANEY:
...has been relieved
at the Cape.
1478
01:19:57,559 --> 01:20:01,296
Three minutes into the flight,
we're 50 miles high.
1479
01:20:01,329 --> 01:20:03,098
BERGMAN:
There's the escape tower
separating.
1480
01:20:03,131 --> 01:20:05,300
HANEY:
And about ten miles downrange.
1481
01:20:05,333 --> 01:20:09,671
♪
1482
01:20:09,704 --> 01:20:12,340
"We have SECO,"
says Frank Borman.
1483
01:20:12,374 --> 01:20:14,776
SECO, and I would call it
11 minutes, 30 seconds.
1484
01:20:14,810 --> 01:20:17,045
BERGMAN:
And they are in orbit,
1485
01:20:17,078 --> 01:20:18,880
that's Frank Borman's voice
in the background,
1486
01:20:18,914 --> 01:20:20,582
saying we have SECO.
1487
01:20:20,615 --> 01:20:24,319
In two hours and 33 minutes
from now, over Australia,
1488
01:20:24,352 --> 01:20:27,889
Borman, Lovell, and Anders will
fire up that S-IVB engine again,
1489
01:20:27,923 --> 01:20:29,791
or attempt to fire it up again,
1490
01:20:29,825 --> 01:20:33,295
to propel themselves
to escape velocity,
1491
01:20:33,328 --> 01:20:34,863
25,000 miles an hour.
1492
01:20:34,896 --> 01:20:36,298
The first men in history
1493
01:20:36,331 --> 01:20:38,466
to leave the gravitational field
of the Earth
1494
01:20:38,500 --> 01:20:41,403
and head out
toward another planet, the moon.
1495
01:20:41,436 --> 01:20:44,406
♪
1496
01:20:44,439 --> 01:20:48,877
ANDERS:
We only had an orbit and a half
to make sure it was working,
1497
01:20:48,910 --> 01:20:51,279
because once you lit
that third stage,
1498
01:20:51,313 --> 01:20:53,481
there wasn't any coming back.
1499
01:20:53,515 --> 01:20:56,184
COLLINS (on radio):
Apollo 8, Houston.
1500
01:20:56,218 --> 01:20:57,819
BORMAN (on radio):
Go ahead, Houston.
1501
01:20:57,853 --> 01:21:02,057
COLLINS:
Apollo 8,
you are a go for TLI, over.
1502
01:21:02,090 --> 01:21:03,825
BORMAN:
Roger, understand,
we're a go for TLI.
1503
01:21:03,859 --> 01:21:06,928
♪
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=MPEGTS:187507, LOCAL:00:00:00.000
1504
01:21:06,928 --> 01:21:06,962
♪
1505
01:21:06,962 --> 01:21:10,298
BUCKBEE:
Mission Control told
the astronauts,
1506
01:21:10,332 --> 01:21:12,634
"You are go for TLI."
1507
01:21:12,667 --> 01:21:17,172
Everybody in the press room,
"What is TLI?"
1508
01:21:17,205 --> 01:21:19,174
COLLINS:
You got a situation
1509
01:21:19,207 --> 01:21:23,712
where a guy with
a radio transmitter in his hand
1510
01:21:23,745 --> 01:21:27,949
is going to tell
the first three human beings
1511
01:21:27,983 --> 01:21:32,053
they can leave the
gravitational field of Earth.
1512
01:21:32,087 --> 01:21:34,623
I can remember at the time
thinking, "Jesus, you know,
1513
01:21:34,656 --> 01:21:36,191
there's got to be a better way
of saying this,"
1514
01:21:36,224 --> 01:21:38,960
but we had our technical jargon.
1515
01:21:38,994 --> 01:21:45,634
And so I said, you know,
"Apollo 8, you're go for TLI."
1516
01:21:45,667 --> 01:21:49,104
BUCKBEE:
Trans-Lunar Insertion.
1517
01:21:49,137 --> 01:21:50,472
That's the first time
1518
01:21:50,505 --> 01:21:54,276
we'd ever heard that call
to the crew.
1519
01:21:54,309 --> 01:21:57,646
It means, "You're going
to launch out of Earth orbit
1520
01:21:57,679 --> 01:22:00,282
on an escape velocity,
25,000 miles an hour."
1521
01:22:00,315 --> 01:22:02,550
♪
1522
01:22:02,584 --> 01:22:06,021
COLLINS:
Apollo 8, coming up
on 20 seconds to ignition,
1523
01:22:06,054 --> 01:22:08,456
mark it,
and you're looking very good.
1524
01:22:08,490 --> 01:22:11,092
BORMAN:
Roger.
1525
01:22:11,126 --> 01:22:13,461
ANDERS:
I mean, we'd trained,
and "Go for TLI,"
1526
01:22:13,495 --> 01:22:16,398
we'd heard it 30 times
in the simulator.
1527
01:22:16,431 --> 01:22:18,600
And, yeah,
it was a little different.
1528
01:22:18,633 --> 01:22:19,868
BORMAN:
Ignition.
1529
01:22:19,901 --> 01:22:22,604
COLLINS:
Roger, ignition.
1530
01:22:22,637 --> 01:22:28,076
♪
1531
01:22:28,109 --> 01:22:30,345
ANDERS:
Particularly
when that rocket cut in,
1532
01:22:30,378 --> 01:22:33,782
and unlike the simulator,
you could feel this push
1533
01:22:33,815 --> 01:22:36,151
for quite a few minutes.
1534
01:22:36,184 --> 01:22:39,688
♪
1535
01:22:39,721 --> 01:22:40,989
COLLINS:
Apollo 8, Houston,
1536
01:22:41,022 --> 01:22:43,591
trajectory and guidance
look good, over.
1537
01:22:43,625 --> 01:22:46,861
BORMAN:
Roger, Apollo 8, good here.
1538
01:22:46,895 --> 01:22:49,130
ANDERS:
So we knew we were going
like scalded dogs there
1539
01:22:49,164 --> 01:22:51,199
by the time that engine cut out,
1540
01:22:51,232 --> 01:22:53,601
and that's when we set
the world speed record.
1541
01:22:53,635 --> 01:22:57,505
Seven miles a second,
25,000 miles an hour.
1542
01:22:57,539 --> 01:23:02,711
♪
1543
01:23:08,216 --> 01:23:11,119
(talking in background,
dog barking)
1544
01:23:11,152 --> 01:23:12,354
REPORTER:
Mrs. Borman,
1545
01:23:12,387 --> 01:23:13,855
what did your husband have
to say
1546
01:23:13,888 --> 01:23:15,857
when you last saw him?
1547
01:23:17,959 --> 01:23:20,695
You mean
when we said goodbye?
1548
01:23:20,729 --> 01:23:22,297
Yes, ma'am.
1549
01:23:22,330 --> 01:23:25,767
Now, that's very personal,
you know that.
1550
01:23:25,800 --> 01:23:26,735
Sorry.
1551
01:23:26,768 --> 01:23:31,606
But he... all through
the week...
1552
01:23:31,639 --> 01:23:33,575
VALERIE ANDERS:
It was daunting to go outside,
1553
01:23:33,608 --> 01:23:36,411
because
the reporters never left.
1554
01:23:36,444 --> 01:23:38,546
I didn't go out there myself,
1555
01:23:38,580 --> 01:23:41,416
because it was,
it was too overwhelming.
1556
01:23:41,449 --> 01:23:43,351
MAN:
Come on, say it for the picture.
1557
01:23:43,385 --> 01:23:44,786
SUSAN BORMAN:
Really, I'd love...
1558
01:23:44,819 --> 01:23:46,388
I'd love nothing better
1559
01:23:46,421 --> 01:23:49,190
than to make a beautiful,
profound statement for you
1560
01:23:49,224 --> 01:23:51,059
that would be earth-shaking
for everyone,
1561
01:23:51,092 --> 01:23:53,628
but I'm, I'm just speechless.
1562
01:23:53,661 --> 01:23:56,197
I... this hasn't sunk in yet.
1563
01:23:56,231 --> 01:23:59,367
REPORTER 2:
Which stage was most...
1564
01:23:59,401 --> 01:24:02,070
did you feel the most...
intense about?
1565
01:24:02,103 --> 01:24:05,373
SUSAN BORMAN:
Well, I think both the launch,
1566
01:24:05,407 --> 01:24:09,177
and, uh... then the burn into...
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=MPEGTS:187507, LOCAL:00:00:00.000
1567
01:24:09,177 --> 01:24:09,210
and, uh... then the burn into...
1568
01:24:09,210 --> 01:24:11,079
What do they call it?
1569
01:24:11,112 --> 01:24:12,447
The...
MAN:
TLI?
1570
01:24:12,480 --> 01:24:14,249
TLI, thank you very much.
1571
01:24:14,282 --> 01:24:18,219
I think both of those would
pretty much go hand-in-hand
1572
01:24:18,253 --> 01:24:20,755
emotionally.
1573
01:24:23,525 --> 01:24:25,860
ANNOUNCER:
This is a typical meal served
to astronauts
1574
01:24:25,894 --> 01:24:28,396
aboard Apollo space flights.
1575
01:24:28,430 --> 01:24:34,836
Oatmeal, sausage,
toast, applesauce,
1576
01:24:34,869 --> 01:24:37,872
and in a special
zero-gravity pouch, Tang--
1577
01:24:37,906 --> 01:24:40,341
the energy breakfast drink.
1578
01:24:40,375 --> 01:24:41,609
Tang, with rich...
1579
01:24:41,643 --> 01:24:43,411
BILL ANDERS:
Before flight, they wanted us
1580
01:24:43,445 --> 01:24:46,281
to basically try the
personal items, like the food.
1581
01:24:46,314 --> 01:24:50,018
They wanted to make sure
we weren't allergic.
1582
01:24:52,220 --> 01:24:56,024
One of the things was
the Fecal Containment Device.
1583
01:24:56,057 --> 01:25:01,162
Sounds pretty high-faluting,
Fecal Containment Device.
1584
01:25:01,196 --> 01:25:02,497
The Fecal Containment Device
looked
1585
01:25:02,530 --> 01:25:06,434
like a, a plastic top hat,
1586
01:25:06,468 --> 01:25:09,737
with a sticky rim,
stick it to your bottom,
1587
01:25:09,771 --> 01:25:13,675
and it had a built-in glove.
1588
01:25:13,708 --> 01:25:15,610
So I tested this thing
and resolved
1589
01:25:15,643 --> 01:25:18,546
that I would see
if I could avoid using it.
1590
01:25:18,580 --> 01:25:23,418
I went the whole flight
without taking a crap.
1591
01:25:28,223 --> 01:25:32,794
♪
1592
01:25:32,827 --> 01:25:36,931
COLLINS:
Apollo 8, this is Houston, over.
1593
01:25:36,965 --> 01:25:38,733
BORMAN:
Go ahead, Houston,
how do you read?
1594
01:25:38,766 --> 01:25:41,269
COLLINS:
Roger, we're reading you
loud and clear.
1595
01:25:41,302 --> 01:25:44,005
We're on a private loop now,
and we'd like to get
1596
01:25:44,038 --> 01:25:46,474
some amplifying details
on your medical problem.
1597
01:25:46,508 --> 01:25:47,842
Could you go back
to the beginning
1598
01:25:47,876 --> 01:25:51,079
and give us a brief recap,
please?
1599
01:25:51,112 --> 01:25:53,148
ANDERS:
Poor Frank got sick.
1600
01:25:53,181 --> 01:25:56,451
Frank had thrown up,
and not only threw up,
1601
01:25:56,484 --> 01:26:01,022
but he was what us engineers
call a balanced couple--
1602
01:26:01,055 --> 01:26:03,958
both ends, you know?
1603
01:26:03,992 --> 01:26:06,694
It was a mess.
1604
01:26:06,728 --> 01:26:10,665
Just imagine a bunch of diarrhea
and vomit
1605
01:26:10,698 --> 01:26:13,935
floating around
right in front of you.
1606
01:26:13,968 --> 01:26:16,204
I grabbed a, an oxygen mask
1607
01:26:16,237 --> 01:26:18,806
that was only supposed to be
worn during fire.
1608
01:26:18,840 --> 01:26:22,343
I put the mask on, because
it didn't smell good at all.
1609
01:26:22,377 --> 01:26:26,981
We didn't announce that
to the Earth,
1610
01:26:27,015 --> 01:26:28,650
and because we had
a special channel
1611
01:26:28,683 --> 01:26:31,886
that I knew about,
being a communications guy,
1612
01:26:31,920 --> 01:26:33,755
where we could put it on tape,
1613
01:26:33,788 --> 01:26:38,660
that didn't go
through NASA Public Affairs.
1614
01:26:38,693 --> 01:26:41,262
BORMAN (on radio):
Mike, this is Frank,
I'm feeling a lot better now.
1615
01:26:41,296 --> 01:26:45,934
I think I got a case of the
24-hour flu, intestinal flu.
1616
01:26:45,967 --> 01:26:47,235
COLLINS:
Roger, understand.
1617
01:26:47,268 --> 01:26:48,736
And when did
you first notice it?
1618
01:26:48,770 --> 01:26:51,906
Or could you go back to P00
and start us out
1619
01:26:51,940 --> 01:26:53,608
with the beginning
of your problem?
1620
01:26:53,641 --> 01:26:55,410
ANDERS:
Wasn't much they could do
about it anyway.
1621
01:26:55,443 --> 01:26:59,647
We certainly
weren't coming back.
1622
01:26:59,681 --> 01:27:01,316
We finally got the place
cleaned up,
1623
01:27:01,349 --> 01:27:04,219
but it, it's amazing
1624
01:27:04,252 --> 01:27:09,123
how you can learn to live
in a filthy environment.
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=MPEGTS:187507, LOCAL:00:00:00.000
1625
01:27:09,123 --> 01:27:09,157
how you can learn to live
in a filthy environment.
1626
01:27:09,157 --> 01:27:11,259
After a while,
you kind of get used to it.
1627
01:27:11,292 --> 01:27:15,230
(rumbling)
1628
01:27:22,737 --> 01:27:24,739
If all those great big antennas
1629
01:27:24,772 --> 01:27:27,675
and that little four-and-a-half-
pound camera works
1630
01:27:27,709 --> 01:27:29,377
as everybody expects it to,
1631
01:27:29,410 --> 01:27:31,779
we're due for some very
exciting pictures--
1632
01:27:31,813 --> 01:27:33,781
possibly even more exciting
1633
01:27:33,815 --> 01:27:35,083
than the ones
that were sent back
1634
01:27:35,116 --> 01:27:36,351
by the crew of Apollo 7.
1635
01:27:36,384 --> 01:27:38,786
BORMAN (on radio):
Do you have a picture now?
1636
01:27:38,820 --> 01:27:40,321
KEN MATTINGLY:
That's a negative.
1637
01:27:40,355 --> 01:27:41,990
EECOM, are you
the television expert?
1638
01:27:42,023 --> 01:27:44,125
Or F.A.O., who knows the most
about that camera?
1639
01:27:44,158 --> 01:27:45,460
Got any suggestions?
1640
01:27:45,493 --> 01:27:46,894
BORMAN (on radio):
Do you have anything, Houston?
1641
01:27:46,928 --> 01:27:48,296
We have it on the Earth.
1642
01:27:48,329 --> 01:27:49,797
MAN:
I don't have anything.
1643
01:27:49,831 --> 01:27:52,400
MATTINGLY:
Okay, we're having no joy.
1644
01:27:52,433 --> 01:27:54,669
BORMAN:
What I wanted to do
more than anything else
1645
01:27:54,702 --> 01:27:56,704
was to go to the moon
and come back,
1646
01:27:56,738 --> 01:28:00,241
and I didn't want anything
that might deter that mission.
1647
01:28:00,275 --> 01:28:04,379
And somehow I figured that
the television might do that.
1648
01:28:04,412 --> 01:28:08,583
MATTINGLY (on radio):
Apollo 8, we have a picture now.
1649
01:28:08,616 --> 01:28:12,186
ANDERS (on radio):
He's on "Candid Camera."
1650
01:28:12,220 --> 01:28:16,557
ANDERS:
Frank was strictly
mission-oriented.
1651
01:28:16,591 --> 01:28:18,793
He didn't want to have anything
1652
01:28:18,826 --> 01:28:21,896
that would detract
from the success of the mission.
1653
01:28:21,929 --> 01:28:25,133
So he balked at the TV camera.
1654
01:28:25,166 --> 01:28:26,834
We didn't need it.
1655
01:28:26,868 --> 01:28:29,003
We were there to show that
we could go around the moon,
1656
01:28:29,037 --> 01:28:32,173
and we'd beat the Russians
in going around the moon,
1657
01:28:32,206 --> 01:28:36,511
and so who needed a TV camera?
1658
01:28:36,544 --> 01:28:37,912
Well, I thought
we ought to have it,
1659
01:28:37,945 --> 01:28:39,814
just to be able to show
the people on Earth,
1660
01:28:39,847 --> 01:28:43,217
you know, what we were doing.
1661
01:28:43,251 --> 01:28:45,520
♪
1662
01:28:45,553 --> 01:28:46,921
BORMAN:
I was overruled, rightfully so,
1663
01:28:46,954 --> 01:28:49,857
because after all,
1664
01:28:49,891 --> 01:28:51,392
the American people deserved
to see
1665
01:28:51,426 --> 01:28:54,228
what they were getting
for their money.
1666
01:28:54,262 --> 01:28:59,801
BORMAN (on radio):
We're rolling around
to a good view of the Earth,
1667
01:28:59,834 --> 01:29:04,105
and as soon as we get
to the good view of the Earth,
1668
01:29:04,138 --> 01:29:05,673
we'll stop and
let you look out the window
1669
01:29:05,707 --> 01:29:07,575
at the scene we see.
1670
01:29:07,608 --> 01:29:10,678
♪
1671
01:29:14,015 --> 01:29:16,351
CRONKITE:
I assume that shortly
we'll get some explanation
1672
01:29:16,384 --> 01:29:18,653
of the picture we're seeing.
1673
01:29:18,686 --> 01:29:21,022
Doesn't make a great deal
of sense to me,
1674
01:29:21,055 --> 01:29:22,957
here at the moment.
1675
01:29:22,990 --> 01:29:25,760
HANEY:
We're theorizing here,
1676
01:29:25,793 --> 01:29:28,696
that bright spot in the top left
center of your picture
1677
01:29:28,730 --> 01:29:30,732
is the Earth.
1678
01:29:30,765 --> 01:29:33,434
That's the best centering
we've had, Apollo 8,
1679
01:29:33,468 --> 01:29:36,838
if you could just hold that,
that's perfect.
1680
01:29:36,871 --> 01:29:38,506
BORMAN:
Well, I hope that
everyone enjoys the picture
1681
01:29:38,539 --> 01:29:41,743
that we're taking of themselves.
1682
01:29:41,776 --> 01:29:43,177
How far away from Earth, now,
Jim, about?
1683
01:29:43,211 --> 01:29:46,180
COLLINS:
We have you about 180,000.
1684
01:29:46,214 --> 01:29:47,682
BORMAN:
Thank you, well, you're all
looking at yourselves
1685
01:29:47,715 --> 01:29:51,052
as seen from 180,000 miles.
1686
01:29:51,085 --> 01:29:57,125
♪
1687
01:29:59,560 --> 01:30:00,928
(car horn honks)
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=MPEGTS:187507, LOCAL:00:00:00.000
1688
01:30:06,467 --> 01:30:09,804
ANDERS:
You know, Jules Verne would
portray astronaut, cosmonauts
1689
01:30:09,837 --> 01:30:11,272
as peering out the window,
1690
01:30:11,305 --> 01:30:14,175
watching the moon get bigger
and bigger.
1691
01:30:14,208 --> 01:30:16,411
As a matter of fact,
we never saw the moon
1692
01:30:16,444 --> 01:30:19,080
until we got there.
1693
01:30:19,113 --> 01:30:22,183
One of the reasons why is that
NASA, rightly, was worried
1694
01:30:22,216 --> 01:30:25,620
that since we went
during a very new moon,
1695
01:30:25,653 --> 01:30:31,259
that meant that the
sun was almost behind the moon.
1696
01:30:31,292 --> 01:30:32,693
So anybody looking at it
1697
01:30:32,727 --> 01:30:34,962
would be looking right
at an unfiltered sun,
1698
01:30:34,996 --> 01:30:37,865
and they worried
that it would hurt our eyes.
1699
01:30:37,899 --> 01:30:41,903
JERRY CARR (on radio):
Apollo 8, Houston, one minute
to L.O.S.,
1700
01:30:41,936 --> 01:30:45,506
all systems go.
1701
01:30:45,540 --> 01:30:46,974
BORMAN (on radio):
Roger,
1702
01:30:47,008 --> 01:30:49,343
going to begin reset,
tape recorder forward,
1703
01:30:49,377 --> 01:30:53,114
low bit rate.
1704
01:30:53,147 --> 01:30:58,386
CARR:
Roger, safe journey, guys.
1705
01:30:58,419 --> 01:31:00,621
ANDERS:
Thanks a lot, troops.
1706
01:31:00,655 --> 01:31:02,790
LOVELL:
We'll see you on the other side.
1707
01:31:02,824 --> 01:31:05,960
♪
1708
01:31:05,993 --> 01:31:08,996
ANDERS:
It wasn't until
we actually were getting ready
1709
01:31:09,030 --> 01:31:11,732
to go into lunar orbit,
1710
01:31:11,766 --> 01:31:14,802
when we turned the spacecraft
backwards
1711
01:31:14,836 --> 01:31:20,741
and were preparing to reignite
the service propulsion engine
1712
01:31:20,775 --> 01:31:24,612
to slow us down.
1713
01:31:24,645 --> 01:31:29,417
And we went
into the shadow of the moon.
1714
01:31:31,452 --> 01:31:36,757
There was this huge black void,
and that was the moon.
1715
01:31:39,227 --> 01:31:41,662
And I must say
that the hair went up
1716
01:31:41,696 --> 01:31:43,731
on the back of my neck
1717
01:31:43,764 --> 01:31:47,969
when I saw that.
1718
01:31:48,002 --> 01:31:53,174
♪
1719
01:31:59,380 --> 01:32:04,452
CARR (on radio):
Apollo 8, Houston, over.
1720
01:32:04,485 --> 01:32:07,288
NORTHCUTT:
When they went behind the moon
the first time,
1721
01:32:07,321 --> 01:32:10,358
we had what you call
loss of signal.
1722
01:32:10,391 --> 01:32:13,528
So no radio contact.
1723
01:32:13,561 --> 01:32:16,731
And then you have a predicted
time for acquisition of signal
1724
01:32:16,764 --> 01:32:18,299
as they come back around.
1725
01:32:18,332 --> 01:32:20,301
But they do their maneuver
1726
01:32:20,334 --> 01:32:23,771
on the back side of the moon.
1727
01:32:23,804 --> 01:32:25,606
That maneuver behind the moon
is very critical,
1728
01:32:25,640 --> 01:32:28,442
because if they come out
too early, it's not good.
1729
01:32:28,476 --> 01:32:30,945
If they come out too late,
it's not good.
1730
01:32:30,978 --> 01:32:32,547
They really need to be
coming out
1731
01:32:32,580 --> 01:32:34,916
when you think
they're going to come out,
1732
01:32:34,949 --> 01:32:36,751
or they may be running
into the moon.
1733
01:32:36,784 --> 01:32:40,421
CARR (on radio):
Apollo 8, Houston, over.
1734
01:32:40,454 --> 01:32:45,126
Apollo Control, Houston,
we've heard nothing yet,
1735
01:32:45,159 --> 01:32:47,762
but we're standing by.
1736
01:32:47,795 --> 01:32:51,465
NORTHCUTT:
Well, they didn't come out
on time.
1737
01:32:51,499 --> 01:32:55,136
CARR:
Apollo 8, Houston, over.
1738
01:32:55,169 --> 01:32:57,872
NORTHCUTT:
During the mission itself,
1739
01:32:57,905 --> 01:33:00,141
I sat in the staff support room,
1740
01:33:00,174 --> 01:33:02,009
not the room that you, you would
see on TV at that time.
1741
01:33:02,043 --> 01:33:03,778
In the room where I was,
1742
01:33:03,811 --> 01:33:05,813
I don't think anybody was
breathing the whole time.
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=MPEGTS:187507, LOCAL:00:00:00.000
1743
01:33:05,813 --> 01:33:05,846
I don't think anybody was
breathing the whole time.
1744
01:33:05,846 --> 01:33:09,650
I mean, you were just watching
that clock,
1745
01:33:09,684 --> 01:33:11,719
and you were hearing
the CapCom calling out,
1746
01:33:11,752 --> 01:33:13,254
and nobody was answering.
1747
01:33:13,287 --> 01:33:15,222
CARR:
Apollo 8, Houston, over.
1748
01:33:15,256 --> 01:33:18,960
And I've never had such
a small amount of time
1749
01:33:18,993 --> 01:33:21,395
seem so long.
1750
01:33:21,429 --> 01:33:22,964
CARR (on radio):
Apollo 8, Apollo 8,
1751
01:33:22,997 --> 01:33:25,933
this is Houston, Houston, over.
1752
01:33:28,169 --> 01:33:29,971
BORMAN (on radio):
Roger, Houston, we read you
loud and clear.
1753
01:33:30,004 --> 01:33:31,706
How do you read us?
1754
01:33:31,739 --> 01:33:33,107
CARR:
Apollo 8, this is Houston,
1755
01:33:33,140 --> 01:33:36,711
reading you loud and clear now.
1756
01:33:36,744 --> 01:33:38,179
We've got it, we've got it.
1757
01:33:38,212 --> 01:33:43,417
Apollo 8 now in, in lunar orbit,
1758
01:33:43,451 --> 01:33:44,785
there's a cheer in this room.
1759
01:33:44,819 --> 01:33:46,554
This is Apollo Control Houston,
1760
01:33:46,587 --> 01:33:48,990
switching now
to the voice of Jim Lovell.
1761
01:33:49,023 --> 01:33:50,858
VALERIE ANDERS:
The three wives had a squawk box
in the house,
1762
01:33:50,891 --> 01:33:55,396
to see what was going on
on the flight.
1763
01:33:55,429 --> 01:34:02,203
LOVELL (on radio):
169.1 by 60.5.
1764
01:34:02,236 --> 01:34:06,574
CARR:
Apollo 8, this is Houston,
roger, 169.1 by 60.5.
1765
01:34:06,607 --> 01:34:09,110
Good to hear your voice.
1766
01:34:09,143 --> 01:34:11,512
VALERIE ANDERS:
When they came out
from behind the moon,
1767
01:34:11,545 --> 01:34:13,648
Marilyn and, and Susan
and I got together,
1768
01:34:13,681 --> 01:34:15,149
at, at Susan Borman's house,
1769
01:34:15,182 --> 01:34:17,785
and we all just rejoiced.
1770
01:34:17,818 --> 01:34:20,588
It was one of those things where
1771
01:34:20,621 --> 01:34:25,326
there were so many untried,
unknown parts of that flight,
1772
01:34:25,359 --> 01:34:27,128
that each step, you'd think,
1773
01:34:27,161 --> 01:34:31,832
"Well, can we,
can this be successful again?"
1774
01:34:31,866 --> 01:34:34,335
CARR (on radio):
Roger.
1775
01:34:34,368 --> 01:34:39,073
LOVELL:
We don't know whether you can
see it from the TV screen,
1776
01:34:39,106 --> 01:34:41,642
but the moon is nothing
but a milky white,
1777
01:34:41,676 --> 01:34:45,746
completely void.
1778
01:34:45,780 --> 01:34:49,417
We're changing the cameras
to the other window now.
1779
01:34:49,450 --> 01:34:50,818
CRONKITE:
They've got two windows
1780
01:34:50,851 --> 01:34:52,319
from which they can get
good, clear pictures
1781
01:34:52,353 --> 01:34:54,989
uh, from the spacecraft.
1782
01:34:55,022 --> 01:34:57,558
BORMAN (on radio):
We're switching so
that we can show you the moon
1783
01:34:57,591 --> 01:35:02,029
that we've been flying over
at 60 miles altitude
1784
01:35:02,063 --> 01:35:04,832
for the last 16 hours.
1785
01:35:04,865 --> 01:35:08,602
Bill Anders, Jim Lovell,
and myself
1786
01:35:08,636 --> 01:35:12,840
have spent the, the day
before Christmas up here,
1787
01:35:12,873 --> 01:35:16,043
doing experiments,
taking pictures,
1788
01:35:16,077 --> 01:35:18,946
and firing
our spacecraft engines
1789
01:35:18,979 --> 01:35:21,015
to maneuver around.
1790
01:35:21,048 --> 01:35:23,851
What we'll do now is
follow the trail
1791
01:35:23,884 --> 01:35:27,121
that we've been following
all day
1792
01:35:27,154 --> 01:35:31,025
and take you on
to, to a lunar sunset.
1793
01:35:31,058 --> 01:35:32,560
ANDERS:
Backside of the moon,
1794
01:35:32,593 --> 01:35:34,261
for reasons that still are
in debate,
1795
01:35:34,295 --> 01:35:39,333
is much rougher, no mare,
a lot of craters--
1796
01:35:39,366 --> 01:35:42,203
uh... looked like a battlefield.
1797
01:35:44,472 --> 01:35:46,874
All torn up.
1798
01:35:46,907 --> 01:35:50,478
BORMAN (on radio):
I know my own impression is that
1799
01:35:50,511 --> 01:35:57,151
it's a, a vast, lonely,
forbidding-type existence,
1800
01:35:57,184 --> 01:35:59,453
or expanse of nothing.
1801
01:35:59,487 --> 01:36:03,958
It looks really like clouds
and clouds of pumice stone,
1802
01:36:03,991 --> 01:36:07,828
and it certainly
would not appear to be
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=MPEGTS:187507, LOCAL:00:00:00.000
1803
01:36:07,828 --> 01:36:07,862
and it certainly
would not appear to be
1804
01:36:07,862 --> 01:36:11,899
a very inviting place
to, to live or work.
1805
01:36:11,932 --> 01:36:14,902
Jim, what have you thought?
1806
01:36:14,935 --> 01:36:16,904
ANDERS:
We were busy, you know,
looking at the surface,
1807
01:36:16,937 --> 01:36:18,205
and curious,
1808
01:36:18,239 --> 01:36:19,974
but I must say,
it got boring fast.
1809
01:36:20,007 --> 01:36:22,977
I mean, you look at a crater,
and they all look alike.
1810
01:36:23,010 --> 01:36:25,946
BORMAN (on radio):
There is a fresh, bright,
impact crater...
1811
01:36:25,980 --> 01:36:27,815
ANDERS:
And Lovell had the same reaction
1812
01:36:27,848 --> 01:36:30,551
through
the navigation telescope.
1813
01:36:30,584 --> 01:36:32,052
It all looked the same.
1814
01:36:32,086 --> 01:36:33,988
The closer you looked,
the more holes there were.
1815
01:36:35,856 --> 01:36:37,291
BORMAN (on radio):
I hope that all of you
back on Earth
1816
01:36:37,324 --> 01:36:38,893
can see what we mean
when we say
1817
01:36:38,926 --> 01:36:41,829
it's a rather
foreboding horizon,
1818
01:36:41,862 --> 01:36:47,701
a very, rather,
sort of dark and unappetizing.
1819
01:36:47,735 --> 01:36:49,336
Is this our landing site
a little bit over there?
1820
01:36:49,370 --> 01:36:51,205
LOVELL:
Yeah, this is our landing site,
right down here.
1821
01:36:51,238 --> 01:36:52,740
BORMAN:
We're now going over...
1822
01:36:52,773 --> 01:36:54,375
LOVELL:
Approaching a landing site.
1823
01:36:54,408 --> 01:36:57,111
BORMAN:
Approaching
one of our future landing sites,
1824
01:36:57,144 --> 01:36:59,847
selected in this smooth region
to...
1825
01:36:59,880 --> 01:37:01,415
LOVELL:
The Sea of Tranquility.
1826
01:37:01,448 --> 01:37:03,384
BORMAN:
It's called
the Sea of Tranquility,
1827
01:37:03,417 --> 01:37:05,052
smooth in order to make it easy
1828
01:37:05,085 --> 01:37:07,521
for the initial landing attempt,
1829
01:37:07,555 --> 01:37:12,493
in order to preclude having
to dodge mountains.
1830
01:37:12,526 --> 01:37:16,630
♪
1831
01:37:18,632 --> 01:37:23,237
ANDERS:
So by the time we got around
the third revolution,
1832
01:37:23,270 --> 01:37:27,241
by this time, we'd sort of
saturated on the moon.
1833
01:37:27,274 --> 01:37:30,444
♪
1834
01:37:35,916 --> 01:37:38,485
ANDERS (on radio):
Oh, my God, look at that picture
over there.
1835
01:37:38,519 --> 01:37:39,820
That is the Earth coming up.
1836
01:37:39,854 --> 01:37:43,023
Wow, isn't that pretty?
1837
01:37:43,057 --> 01:37:45,392
BORMAN:
Hey, don't take that,
it's not scheduled.
1838
01:37:45,426 --> 01:37:47,094
(chuckles)
1839
01:37:47,127 --> 01:37:49,330
♪
1840
01:37:49,363 --> 01:37:51,732
ANDERS:
You got a color film, Jim?
1841
01:37:51,765 --> 01:37:53,234
Hand me a roll of color quick,
would you?
1842
01:37:53,267 --> 01:37:54,668
Oh, man, that's great--
where is it?
1843
01:37:54,702 --> 01:37:56,904
ANDERS:
Quick!
1844
01:37:56,937 --> 01:37:59,306
ANDERS:
And so here was something
that was different.
1845
01:37:59,340 --> 01:38:00,708
Absolutely not briefed on.
1846
01:38:00,741 --> 01:38:02,243
Nobody had told us on the ground
1847
01:38:02,276 --> 01:38:03,811
that the Earth was going
to come up.
1848
01:38:03,844 --> 01:38:07,882
We had no photographic
instructions,
1849
01:38:07,915 --> 01:38:09,817
no light meter.
1850
01:38:09,850 --> 01:38:11,318
LOVELL:
Down here?
1851
01:38:11,352 --> 01:38:15,022
ANDERS:
Just grab me a color,
a color exterior.
1852
01:38:15,055 --> 01:38:16,390
LOVELL:
Exterior?
1853
01:38:16,423 --> 01:38:18,993
ANDERS:
Anything, quick.
1854
01:38:19,026 --> 01:38:23,931
Here.
Okay.
1855
01:38:23,964 --> 01:38:26,133
(inaudible)
Here, give it to me.
1856
01:38:26,166 --> 01:38:27,768
Just let me get
the right setting.
1857
01:38:27,801 --> 01:38:29,370
Calm down, Lovell.
1858
01:38:29,403 --> 01:38:30,771
Oh, I got it, right.
1859
01:38:30,804 --> 01:38:33,040
Oh, that's a beautiful shot.
1860
01:38:33,073 --> 01:38:34,842
You're sure we got it now?
1861
01:38:34,875 --> 01:38:37,111
Yeah, it'll come up again,
I think.
1862
01:38:37,144 --> 01:38:41,015
ANDERS:
And suddenly,
here was this beautiful shot,
1863
01:38:41,048 --> 01:38:43,083
only color in the universe.
1864
01:38:43,117 --> 01:38:48,255
♪
1865
01:39:05,306 --> 01:39:07,141
(shutter clicks)
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=MPEGTS:187507, LOCAL:00:00:00.000
1866
01:39:07,141 --> 01:39:07,174
(shutter clicks)
1867
01:39:07,174 --> 01:39:09,710
It would become
the top-ten photograph
1868
01:39:09,743 --> 01:39:11,145
of the 20th century.
1869
01:39:11,178 --> 01:39:13,614
♪
1870
01:39:13,647 --> 01:39:15,482
But, of course,
I'm the guy that took it.
1871
01:39:15,516 --> 01:39:16,650
What else would I say?
1872
01:39:16,684 --> 01:39:21,855
♪
1873
01:39:35,502 --> 01:39:38,906
BORMAN (on radio):
Well, let's talk about that,
that's what I want to...
1874
01:39:38,939 --> 01:39:40,507
Why don't we do this?
1875
01:39:40,541 --> 01:39:43,277
Why don't you hold it
out the window like you did,
1876
01:39:43,310 --> 01:39:44,511
and I'll say a couple of words,
1877
01:39:44,545 --> 01:39:46,213
and then we'll say
something about
1878
01:39:46,246 --> 01:39:49,917
how this kind of reminds you
about how it might have started.
1879
01:39:49,950 --> 01:39:51,552
Hey, wait,
we got to do it up right,
1880
01:39:51,585 --> 01:39:53,320
because there'll be more people
listening to this
1881
01:39:53,354 --> 01:39:55,990
than ever listened to any
other single person in history.
1882
01:39:56,023 --> 01:39:58,659
BORMAN:
We'd been told
before the flight,
1883
01:39:58,692 --> 01:40:03,297
"When you're televising
from the moon on Christmas Eve,
1884
01:40:03,330 --> 01:40:04,832
"you'll have
the largest audience
1885
01:40:04,865 --> 01:40:06,967
that's ever listened
to a human voice."
1886
01:40:07,001 --> 01:40:09,703
I said, "Well, that's nice--
what do you want us to do?"
1887
01:40:09,737 --> 01:40:11,372
"Do something appropriate."
1888
01:40:11,405 --> 01:40:15,309
We thought,
"What's appropriate?"
1889
01:40:15,342 --> 01:40:20,381
ANDERS:
Frank Borman went
and asked a friend of his,
1890
01:40:20,414 --> 01:40:22,516
who asked his wife.
1891
01:40:22,549 --> 01:40:25,719
And she said,
1892
01:40:25,753 --> 01:40:27,554
"Well, why don't you tell them
just to read
1893
01:40:27,588 --> 01:40:29,323
from the first book of Genesis?"
1894
01:40:29,356 --> 01:40:31,291
Which, you know,
the creation myth,
1895
01:40:31,325 --> 01:40:34,628
or the creation story,
is pretty fundamental.
1896
01:40:34,661 --> 01:40:38,599
♪
1897
01:40:42,236 --> 01:40:43,771
BORMAN:
And then we looked at it,
1898
01:40:43,804 --> 01:40:48,075
and we, like, all of us,
"This is perfect."
1899
01:40:48,108 --> 01:40:53,247
♪
1900
01:40:53,280 --> 01:40:57,251
ANDERS (on radio):
And for all the people back
on Earth,
1901
01:40:57,284 --> 01:41:00,054
the crew of Apollo 8 has
a message
1902
01:41:00,087 --> 01:41:02,990
that we would like to send
to you.
1903
01:41:03,023 --> 01:41:06,960
"In the beginning, God created
the heaven and the earth.
1904
01:41:06,994 --> 01:41:11,031
"And the earth was without form,
and void,
1905
01:41:11,065 --> 01:41:14,568
"and darkness was upon
the face of the deep,
1906
01:41:14,601 --> 01:41:19,840
"and the spirit of God moved
upon the face of the waters.
1907
01:41:19,873 --> 01:41:22,376
"And God said,
'Let there be light,'
1908
01:41:22,409 --> 01:41:24,545
"and there was light.
1909
01:41:24,578 --> 01:41:27,681
"And God saw the light,
that it was good.
1910
01:41:27,714 --> 01:41:32,419
And God divided the light
from the darkness."
1911
01:41:32,453 --> 01:41:33,921
ANDERS:
I can't speak
for the other guys,
1912
01:41:33,954 --> 01:41:37,958
but to me,
it was not a religious thing.
1913
01:41:37,991 --> 01:41:42,329
So much of it was a kind
of a hard hit
1914
01:41:42,362 --> 01:41:44,998
to the psychological
solar plexus
1915
01:41:45,032 --> 01:41:49,870
that would help mark
to humankind
1916
01:41:49,903 --> 01:41:51,839
the gravity, so to speak,
1917
01:41:51,872 --> 01:41:57,211
of man's first departure
from his home planet.
1918
01:41:57,244 --> 01:42:02,716
BORMAN (on radio):
"And the gathering together
of the waters called He seas;
1919
01:42:02,749 --> 01:42:05,352
And God saw that it was good."
1920
01:42:05,385 --> 01:42:08,188
And from the crew of Apollo 8,
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=MPEGTS:187507, LOCAL:00:00:00.000
1921
01:42:08,188 --> 01:42:08,222
And from the crew of Apollo 8,
1922
01:42:08,222 --> 01:42:11,458
we close with good night,
good luck,
1923
01:42:11,492 --> 01:42:15,129
a Merry Christmas,
and God bless all of you,
1924
01:42:15,162 --> 01:42:17,631
all of you on the good Earth.
1925
01:42:17,664 --> 01:42:23,103
♪
1926
01:42:29,176 --> 01:42:31,745
(static hisses)
1927
01:42:32,746 --> 01:42:36,383
(rain falling, wind gusting)
1928
01:42:43,290 --> 01:42:44,725
Merry Christmas.
1929
01:42:44,758 --> 01:42:46,393
REPORTER:
How's your day been?
1930
01:42:46,426 --> 01:42:48,128
The day's been hectic.
1931
01:42:48,162 --> 01:42:49,997
We tried to sleep in,
because we'd been up so late.
1932
01:42:50,030 --> 01:42:52,733
Christmas got a little bit late
this morning.
1933
01:42:52,766 --> 01:42:54,234
So I think we're late to church.
1934
01:42:54,268 --> 01:42:55,702
Thank you.
1935
01:42:59,239 --> 01:43:05,379
(people talking in background)
1936
01:43:05,412 --> 01:43:07,481
(chuckles)
1937
01:43:07,514 --> 01:43:09,650
Merry Christmas.
Merry Christmas.
1938
01:43:09,683 --> 01:43:13,587
Thanks for being so patient.
1939
01:43:13,620 --> 01:43:17,257
How was this morning?
1940
01:43:17,291 --> 01:43:20,961
It's been... actually a very
lonesome Christmas this morning.
1941
01:43:20,994 --> 01:43:24,464
I miss Jim, but...
1942
01:43:24,498 --> 01:43:25,866
It's one of
the happiest Christmases
1943
01:43:25,899 --> 01:43:28,435
I think I'll ever have.
1944
01:43:35,909 --> 01:43:37,878
ANDERS:
All religions are based
on the fact
1945
01:43:37,911 --> 01:43:42,849
that the Earth is the focus
of the universe,
1946
01:43:42,883 --> 01:43:45,052
and God sits up there
with His supercomputer
1947
01:43:45,085 --> 01:43:50,190
and keeps track
of all the rights and wrongs.
1948
01:43:50,224 --> 01:43:54,428
Orbiting Earth
and then going to the moon,
1949
01:43:54,461 --> 01:43:58,565
it's given me
a different outlook.
1950
01:43:58,599 --> 01:44:01,368
The Earth is really nowhere near
as special
1951
01:44:01,401 --> 01:44:04,071
as we'd like to think it is.
1952
01:44:04,104 --> 01:44:07,040
Though it is our home planet,
for humans,
1953
01:44:07,074 --> 01:44:10,244
and it's the only one we got
right now,
1954
01:44:10,277 --> 01:44:14,014
and there's none in, you know,
in easy sight to get to,
1955
01:44:14,047 --> 01:44:16,216
so therefore
we ought to take care of it.
1956
01:44:16,250 --> 01:44:18,051
But we shouldn't think
1957
01:44:18,085 --> 01:44:22,723
that this is the
designated center of everything.
1958
01:44:22,756 --> 01:44:26,727
♪
1959
01:44:35,002 --> 01:44:36,870
(device beeps)
1960
01:44:36,903 --> 01:44:38,905
LOVELL (on radio):
Well, did you guys ever think
that one Christmas Eve,
1961
01:44:38,939 --> 01:44:41,174
you'd be orbiting the moon?
1962
01:44:41,208 --> 01:44:44,778
ANDERS:
Let's hope we're not doing it
on New Year's.
1963
01:44:44,811 --> 01:44:46,380
LOVELL:
Hey, hey, don't talk like that,
Bill.
1964
01:44:46,413 --> 01:44:48,515
Think positive.
1965
01:44:48,548 --> 01:44:53,687
MISSION CONTROL:
We show a loss of signal
with the spacecraft.
1966
01:44:53,720 --> 01:44:55,422
We are now
about 28 minutes prior
1967
01:44:55,455 --> 01:44:59,793
to our Trans-Earth Injection
maneuver.
1968
01:44:59,826 --> 01:45:01,862
(device beeps)
1969
01:45:01,895 --> 01:45:04,898
NORTHCUTT:
You're going to fire your engine
basically one time,
1970
01:45:04,931 --> 01:45:08,302
and that's got to take you
all the way home.
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=MPEGTS:187507, LOCAL:00:00:00.000
1971
01:45:08,302 --> 01:45:08,335
and that's got to take you
all the way home.
1972
01:45:08,335 --> 01:45:13,307
A small miss, at the beginning,
when you fire the engine,
1973
01:45:13,340 --> 01:45:16,310
can represent a heck
of a large miss at the end,
1974
01:45:16,343 --> 01:45:20,681
like missing the whole planet.
1975
01:45:20,714 --> 01:45:24,017
LOVELL (on radio):
Houston, Apollo 8, over.
1976
01:45:24,051 --> 01:45:26,253
MATTINGLY:
Hello, Apollo 8.
1977
01:45:26,286 --> 01:45:29,489
Loud and clear.
1978
01:45:29,523 --> 01:45:35,195
LOVELL:
Roger, please be informed,
there is a Santa Claus.
1979
01:45:35,228 --> 01:45:37,497
MATTINGLY:
Apollo 8, can you confirm
your burn time, please?
1980
01:45:37,531 --> 01:45:41,768
LOVELL:
Roger, we have three minutes,
23 seconds.
1981
01:45:41,802 --> 01:45:43,236
Thank you.
1982
01:45:45,372 --> 01:45:49,443
ANDERS:
We were much faster
on the way home.
1983
01:45:49,476 --> 01:45:52,112
And we came in at night.
1984
01:45:55,082 --> 01:45:56,950
(helicopter rotors droning)
1985
01:45:56,983 --> 01:45:58,985
We were in pitch darkness,
1986
01:45:59,019 --> 01:46:02,522
and the parachutes,
all we could feel was the jerk.
1987
01:46:02,556 --> 01:46:04,758
(water splashes)
1988
01:46:08,528 --> 01:46:11,031
When the sun finally came up,
1989
01:46:11,064 --> 01:46:13,266
I remember getting out
of the carrier
1990
01:46:13,300 --> 01:46:14,768
and walking across the deck,
1991
01:46:14,801 --> 01:46:17,571
thinking, "If I don't get
to a toilet,
1992
01:46:17,604 --> 01:46:21,108
I'm going to be embarrassed
right in front of everybody."
1993
01:46:21,141 --> 01:46:25,412
That's my unrecorded
world record,
1994
01:46:25,445 --> 01:46:26,880
three quarters
of a million miles
1995
01:46:26,913 --> 01:46:28,982
without taking a crap.
1996
01:46:29,015 --> 01:46:33,153
♪
1997
01:46:33,186 --> 01:46:37,290
(people talking in background)
1998
01:46:41,128 --> 01:46:42,896
REPORTER:
Come right up here.
1999
01:46:42,929 --> 01:46:44,731
CAMERA OPERATOR:
Right there.
2000
01:46:44,765 --> 01:46:47,067
I'm still speechless.
2001
01:46:48,368 --> 01:46:49,803
Just tremendous relief.
2002
01:46:49,836 --> 01:46:51,605
I... just truly
the happiest day.
2003
01:46:51,638 --> 01:46:53,140
I, I just can't explain.
2004
01:46:53,173 --> 01:46:55,342
I couldn't believe
it was going so perfectly,
2005
01:46:55,375 --> 01:46:57,577
and I couldn't believe that
they actually sighted that thing
2006
01:46:57,611 --> 01:46:58,979
from the ship in the dark.
2007
01:46:59,012 --> 01:47:00,347
And I am so proud
for our country
2008
01:47:00,380 --> 01:47:01,782
that we could accomplish,
2009
01:47:01,815 --> 01:47:03,950
our husbands could accomplish
this mission.
2010
01:47:03,984 --> 01:47:07,888
JOHNSON (on phone):
There's just no other comparison
that we can make
2011
01:47:07,921 --> 01:47:12,993
that's equal to what you've done
or to what we feel.
2012
01:47:13,026 --> 01:47:16,563
Because you've seen
2013
01:47:16,596 --> 01:47:21,101
what man has really never seen
before.
2014
01:47:21,134 --> 01:47:23,036
You've taken us,
taken all of us.
2015
01:47:23,069 --> 01:47:27,073
all over the world,
into a new era.
2016
01:47:27,107 --> 01:47:28,942
And my thoughts this morning
went back
2017
01:47:28,975 --> 01:47:31,845
to more than ten years ago,
in the Pedernales Valley,
2018
01:47:31,878 --> 01:47:35,449
when we saw Sputnik racing
through the skies,
2019
01:47:35,482 --> 01:47:39,319
and we realized that America had
a big job ahead of it.
2020
01:47:39,352 --> 01:47:41,455
It gave me so much pleasure
to know
2021
01:47:41,488 --> 01:47:47,194
that you men have done
a large part of that job.
2022
01:47:47,227 --> 01:47:50,197
So we rejoice that you're well,
2023
01:47:50,230 --> 01:47:52,666
and we send you congratulations
2024
01:47:52,699 --> 01:47:55,936
from all
of your fellow countrymen,
2025
01:47:55,969 --> 01:48:02,342
and from all peace-loving people
in the world.
2026
01:48:02,375 --> 01:48:04,211
Well done.
2027
01:48:04,244 --> 01:48:08,448
(marching band playing)
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=MPEGTS:187507, LOCAL:00:00:00.000
2028
01:48:08,448 --> 01:48:08,482
(marching band playing)
2029
01:48:08,482 --> 01:48:10,584
CRONKITE:
Today, a great new chapter
has been added
2030
01:48:10,617 --> 01:48:13,854
to the story of creation
and of growth.
2031
01:48:13,887 --> 01:48:16,289
Man literally has wrenched
himself away
2032
01:48:16,323 --> 01:48:19,526
from the Earth that bound him
down through the millennia.
2033
01:48:19,559 --> 01:48:21,962
A year of trouble
and turbulence,
2034
01:48:21,995 --> 01:48:24,965
anger and assassination,
is now coming to an end
2035
01:48:24,998 --> 01:48:27,367
in incandescent triumph.
2036
01:48:27,400 --> 01:48:30,670
(cheers and applause)
2037
01:48:30,704 --> 01:48:33,740
VALERIE ANDERS:
I don't know that I was
prepared for that.
2038
01:48:33,773 --> 01:48:36,476
My mother kept saying,
"Do you only have one dress?"
2039
01:48:36,510 --> 01:48:38,979
(chuckling):
But, you know,
2040
01:48:39,012 --> 01:48:42,148
we didn't have any money,
so I only did have one dress.
2041
01:48:42,182 --> 01:48:43,483
So we went to New York,
2042
01:48:43,517 --> 01:48:44,951
and New York was
the ticker-tape parade.
2043
01:48:44,985 --> 01:48:46,486
And then we went to Houston,
2044
01:48:46,520 --> 01:48:49,956
and, and all, all
of the children were with us
2045
01:48:49,990 --> 01:48:51,791
in the Houston parade.
2046
01:48:51,825 --> 01:48:53,093
It was...
2047
01:48:53,126 --> 01:48:56,930
It was an interesting time.
2048
01:48:56,963 --> 01:49:01,535
NORTHCUTT:
Afterwards, I got letters
from all around the world.
2049
01:49:01,568 --> 01:49:05,772
I got tons of letters
from African countries,
2050
01:49:05,805 --> 01:49:09,976
all over the world, addressed to
"Poppy, Space Program, U.S.A."
2051
01:49:10,010 --> 01:49:13,947
I got marriage proposals.
2052
01:49:13,980 --> 01:49:17,784
I got letters from little girls
all around the world, too.
2053
01:49:19,452 --> 01:49:22,355
You know, I got tons
of recognition
2054
01:49:22,389 --> 01:49:25,592
that women could do a job that
they never had thought before.
2055
01:49:25,625 --> 01:49:27,861
So was it sexist?
2056
01:49:27,894 --> 01:49:29,329
Yes.
2057
01:49:29,362 --> 01:49:34,134
But you got to start somewhere.
2058
01:49:34,167 --> 01:49:40,006
(crowd cheering and applauding)
2059
01:49:40,040 --> 01:49:44,578
BORMAN:
We had thousands of letters
and telegrams and so on,
2060
01:49:44,611 --> 01:49:47,280
after we got back from Apollo 8.
2061
01:49:47,314 --> 01:49:48,982
But the one that really caught
my attention
2062
01:49:49,015 --> 01:49:52,919
was a lady that said,
"Thank you, you saved 1968."
2063
01:49:52,953 --> 01:49:54,387
(jet engines roaring overhead)
2064
01:49:58,258 --> 01:50:03,430
♪
2065
01:50:06,533 --> 01:50:08,501
ALEXANDER:
Well, now that you're back
on Earth,
2066
01:50:08,535 --> 01:50:10,837
and you had a sample of
these receptions and parades,
2067
01:50:10,870 --> 01:50:12,772
I guess you're aware of the fact
2068
01:50:12,806 --> 01:50:14,941
that your lives will,
will never be free again
2069
01:50:14,975 --> 01:50:16,309
of the moon's influence.
2070
01:50:16,343 --> 01:50:18,979
Were you prepared to, to deal
with this before the flight,
2071
01:50:19,012 --> 01:50:20,280
and how do you feel about it
now?
2072
01:50:20,313 --> 01:50:21,481
I feel that,
2073
01:50:21,514 --> 01:50:24,050
right now, that we are merely
2074
01:50:24,084 --> 01:50:25,852
symbols of a program
2075
01:50:25,885 --> 01:50:29,089
of which I think
all Americans should be proud.
2076
01:50:29,122 --> 01:50:32,058
But shortly, we are going
to have more flights,
2077
01:50:32,092 --> 01:50:34,661
and shortly, we're going to have
people who actually land
2078
01:50:34,694 --> 01:50:37,397
and walk and explore
on the lunar surface.
2079
01:50:37,430 --> 01:50:40,667
And I think these new symbols
will far overshadow,
2080
01:50:40,700 --> 01:50:42,135
perhaps, what we've done.
2081
01:50:42,168 --> 01:50:44,504
Colonel Borman, that old master
of rocketry,
2082
01:50:44,537 --> 01:50:46,406
Wernher von Braun,
has said that a circumlunar--
2083
01:50:46,439 --> 01:50:49,709
a flight around the moon--
gives you 80% of the credit
2084
01:50:49,743 --> 01:50:52,012
with only 20% of the risk.
2085
01:50:52,045 --> 01:50:55,281
Does that mean that 80% of
the risk of landing on the moon
2086
01:50:55,315 --> 01:50:57,517
is still ahead of you all?
2087
01:50:57,550 --> 01:51:00,587
I haven't tried to assess it
in percentage points,
2088
01:51:00,620 --> 01:51:02,088
but I would say definitely
2089
01:51:02,122 --> 01:51:06,292
that the extremely risky part
of the flight
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=MPEGTS:187507, LOCAL:00:00:00.000
2090
01:51:06,292 --> 01:51:06,326
that the extremely risky part
of the flight
2091
01:51:06,326 --> 01:51:09,929
will be the actual touchdown
on the lunar surface.
2092
01:51:09,963 --> 01:51:20,006
♪
2093
01:51:20,006 --> 01:51:28,148
♪
2094
01:51:28,948 --> 01:51:29,916
ANNOUNCER:
Next time...
2095
01:51:29,949 --> 01:51:31,785
REPORTER:
They have 70 seconds
2096
01:51:31,818 --> 01:51:33,787
in which to redesignate
the landing site.
2097
01:51:33,820 --> 01:51:35,822
THEO KAMECKE:
That's the first time
I understood
2098
01:51:35,855 --> 01:51:36,756
what it meant to smell fear.
2099
01:51:36,790 --> 01:51:38,324
Capcom, we're go for landing.
2100
01:51:38,358 --> 01:51:40,660
♪
2101
01:51:40,694 --> 01:51:44,531
CHARLIE DUKE:
Okay, Neil, we can see you
coming down the ladder now.
2102
01:51:44,564 --> 01:51:47,133
MICHAEL COLLINS:
By golly, we, mankind,
did this thing,
2103
01:51:47,167 --> 01:51:48,968
and we're all brothers together.
2104
01:51:49,002 --> 01:51:50,837
ANNOUNCER:
The conclusion
of "Chasing the Moon,"
2105
01:51:50,870 --> 01:51:53,440
next time,
on "American Experience."
2106
01:51:53,473 --> 01:51:55,508
Made possible in part
by Liberty Mutual Insurance.
163909
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.