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Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:13,413 --> 00:00:17,206 2 00:00:17,206 --> 00:00:19,000 No matter what part of the world I'm in, 3 00:00:19,000 --> 00:00:20,103 something wants to sting me. 4 00:00:20,103 --> 00:00:21,379 Aah! 5 00:00:21,379 --> 00:00:25,137 We shouldn't be too afraid of death. 6 00:00:25,137 --> 00:00:27,517 Yeah, I'm crazy. Everybody's crazy. 7 00:00:27,517 --> 00:00:30,068 People just don't think that humans should be able 8 00:00:30,068 --> 00:00:32,068 to do the things that I'm doing. 9 00:00:32,068 --> 00:00:34,896 10 00:00:34,896 --> 00:00:38,344 CAMPBELL: 100 years ago, Robert Ripley went on a quest 11 00:00:38,344 --> 00:00:41,137 to the farthest reaches of the globe 12 00:00:41,137 --> 00:00:45,137 in search of the extraordinary and unusual. 13 00:00:45,137 --> 00:00:48,379 Today, the adventure continues, 14 00:00:48,379 --> 00:00:50,758 searching for the world's most bizarre, 15 00:00:50,758 --> 00:00:52,103 astonishing secrets... 16 00:00:52,103 --> 00:00:56,068 17 00:00:56,068 --> 00:01:00,724 ...on "Ripley's Believe It or Not!" 18 00:01:00,724 --> 00:01:06,379 19 00:01:06,379 --> 00:01:10,517 Grit, guts, and glory. 20 00:01:10,517 --> 00:01:12,241 I'm Bruce Campbell, and these are the folks 21 00:01:12,241 --> 00:01:14,517 who push themselves to the brink. 22 00:01:14,517 --> 00:01:17,655 For some people, that means developing radical new skills, 23 00:01:17,655 --> 00:01:21,724 but this guy literally is driven right to the edge. 24 00:01:21,724 --> 00:01:28,965 25 00:01:28,965 --> 00:01:31,689 39-year-old Eskil Ronningsbakken 26 00:01:31,689 --> 00:01:37,413 is making his mark where the mountains meet the sky. 27 00:01:37,413 --> 00:01:39,448 With every passing second, 28 00:01:39,448 --> 00:01:41,827 more and more blood rushes to his brain, 29 00:01:41,827 --> 00:01:44,172 and the weight of his full body bears down 30 00:01:44,172 --> 00:01:46,310 on his arms and shoulders... 31 00:01:47,758 --> 00:01:51,344 yet he barely flinches. 32 00:01:51,344 --> 00:01:53,379 RONNINGSBAKKEN: I just got this inner drive, 33 00:01:53,379 --> 00:01:57,034 this inner feeling telling me to do it, and I do it. 34 00:01:57,034 --> 00:01:58,655 [ Laughs ] 35 00:01:58,655 --> 00:02:01,793 It is also impossible for me notto do it. 36 00:02:01,793 --> 00:02:05,586 CAMPBELL: Now, Eskil is taking on a new challenge, 37 00:02:05,586 --> 00:02:08,965 trading in the wild landscape for an urban peak 38 00:02:08,965 --> 00:02:13,137 10 stories high with slick surfaces everywhere 39 00:02:13,137 --> 00:02:15,172 and the wind in his face. 40 00:02:16,965 --> 00:02:20,034 Believe it or not. 41 00:02:20,034 --> 00:02:25,758 42 00:02:25,758 --> 00:02:27,689 You're so close to death 43 00:02:27,689 --> 00:02:31,034 and at the same time living 100%. 44 00:02:31,034 --> 00:02:35,172 CAMPBELL: Yet Eskil always finds the perfect balance... 45 00:02:35,172 --> 00:02:38,103 46 00:02:38,103 --> 00:02:40,793 at least so far. 47 00:02:40,793 --> 00:02:45,068 48 00:02:45,068 --> 00:02:52,448 At the top of this building, there is no margin for error. 49 00:02:52,448 --> 00:02:56,551 If I fall, then that's the first and the last time. 50 00:02:56,551 --> 00:03:05,172 51 00:03:05,172 --> 00:03:14,103 52 00:03:14,103 --> 00:03:19,517 I believe it's in our nature to have a certain fear of heights. 53 00:03:19,517 --> 00:03:21,655 I also have this kind of fear. 54 00:03:23,655 --> 00:03:25,551 Even though it's really frightening, 55 00:03:25,551 --> 00:03:28,896 when I get to the edge, I just take my time. 56 00:03:28,896 --> 00:03:33,758 I make friends with the edge, which means that I need to know 57 00:03:33,758 --> 00:03:38,517 every little piece, every little inch of the edge 58 00:03:38,517 --> 00:03:41,206 and not fearing it any longer. 59 00:03:41,206 --> 00:03:44,827 Then, slowly by slowly, I remove the fear. 60 00:03:44,827 --> 00:03:53,482 61 00:03:53,482 --> 00:04:02,000 62 00:04:02,000 --> 00:04:05,793 CAMPBELL: Eskil grew up in the Norwegian countryside 63 00:04:05,793 --> 00:04:08,931 on a farm without a TV or a car. 64 00:04:08,931 --> 00:04:12,275 But his town was visited by a traveling circus, 65 00:04:12,275 --> 00:04:14,482 and young Eskil couldn't get enough. 66 00:04:15,862 --> 00:04:18,310 RONNINGSBAKKEN: The circus was really interesting 67 00:04:18,310 --> 00:04:20,586 because it was a kind of mini society 68 00:04:20,586 --> 00:04:22,620 with people from all over the world. 69 00:04:24,896 --> 00:04:30,103 This kind of kicked a bigger dream off. 70 00:04:30,103 --> 00:04:32,241 [ Cheers and applause ] 71 00:04:32,241 --> 00:04:33,965 CAMPBELL: Eskil was especially obsessed 72 00:04:33,965 --> 00:04:35,758 with the high-wire acts, 73 00:04:35,758 --> 00:04:37,586 and by the time he was a teenager, 74 00:04:37,586 --> 00:04:40,896 he was testing his own abilities in the treetops. 75 00:04:40,896 --> 00:04:44,413 76 00:04:44,413 --> 00:04:46,379 RONNINGSBAKKEN: When I first started, 77 00:04:46,379 --> 00:04:49,137 my mom, first of all, was very worried. 78 00:04:49,137 --> 00:04:50,758 She would come out after me, 79 00:04:50,758 --> 00:04:53,827 looking up to the trees, and say, "You got to come down 80 00:04:53,827 --> 00:04:56,344 because you're gonna fall down and die." 81 00:04:56,344 --> 00:05:01,344 And just a few steps behind, my dad came very relaxed, 82 00:05:01,344 --> 00:05:03,965 pointed his camera at me, and took a picture. 83 00:05:03,965 --> 00:05:05,517 [ Camera shutter clicks ] 84 00:05:05,517 --> 00:05:08,275 CAMPBELL: A single snapshot 85 00:05:08,275 --> 00:05:11,068 that would define Eskil's whole future. 86 00:05:11,068 --> 00:05:16,034 87 00:05:16,034 --> 00:05:20,793 I'm not hunting the adrenaline. I'm hunting the picture. 88 00:05:20,793 --> 00:05:24,793 I see my thing as a kind of art. 89 00:05:24,793 --> 00:05:27,517 90 00:05:27,517 --> 00:05:29,689 CAMPBELL: A professional photographer accompanies 91 00:05:29,689 --> 00:05:34,103 Eskil on his stunts these days, beautiful pictures that could, 92 00:05:34,103 --> 00:05:36,103 if something goes wrong, 93 00:05:36,103 --> 00:05:38,206 easily become portraits of death. 94 00:05:38,206 --> 00:05:40,413 [ Camera shutter clicks ] 95 00:05:40,413 --> 00:05:43,034 RONNINGSBAKKEN: I never have a harness, 96 00:05:43,034 --> 00:05:44,862 never have a net -- nothing. 97 00:05:44,862 --> 00:05:46,620 I only use my mind. 98 00:05:48,620 --> 00:05:52,172 Just before I step onto the platform, 99 00:05:52,172 --> 00:05:54,172 I bring myself into a state of mind 100 00:05:54,172 --> 00:05:58,965 where I strip off everything which is no longer important. 101 00:05:58,965 --> 00:06:04,517 102 00:06:04,517 --> 00:06:10,068 103 00:06:10,068 --> 00:06:12,379 CAMPBELL: Eskil normally performs 104 00:06:12,379 --> 00:06:14,517 in remote locations in privacy, 105 00:06:14,517 --> 00:06:19,827 but now he's attempting his latest stunt in downtown Hamar. 106 00:06:19,827 --> 00:06:22,241 With crowds already forming, 107 00:06:22,241 --> 00:06:25,206 it's his most unpredictable setting yet. 108 00:06:26,896 --> 00:06:29,655 RONNINGSBAKKEN: It's different doing buildings 109 00:06:29,655 --> 00:06:32,137 because you have all those sharp ends. 110 00:06:32,137 --> 00:06:34,586 There is always a little bit of noise. 111 00:06:34,586 --> 00:06:38,310 [ Car horns honking, siren blaring ] 112 00:06:38,310 --> 00:06:42,448 What I'm specifically afraid of is the rig. 113 00:06:42,448 --> 00:06:45,551 Is it good enough? Is it stable? 114 00:06:45,551 --> 00:06:48,275 What about the wind? What about people around? 115 00:06:49,413 --> 00:06:51,448 It can be quite disturbing, 116 00:06:51,448 --> 00:06:56,482 but, of course, the biggest fear is that I fall over the edge. 117 00:06:57,758 --> 00:07:00,241 CAMPBELL: In a city with tall buildings, 118 00:07:00,241 --> 00:07:02,965 air squeezed through the narrow channels below 119 00:07:02,965 --> 00:07:05,379 can cause wind acceleration. 120 00:07:05,379 --> 00:07:08,620 There are unpredictable updrafts and downdrafts, 121 00:07:08,620 --> 00:07:12,586 any of which could put Eskil at greater risk of falling. 122 00:07:12,586 --> 00:07:16,482 123 00:07:16,482 --> 00:07:18,655 Eskil's plan is to balance on the chairs 124 00:07:18,655 --> 00:07:20,655 for 1 minute 20 seconds, 125 00:07:20,655 --> 00:07:23,655 long enough for everyone below to enjoy. 126 00:07:23,655 --> 00:07:27,620 But if he pushes it too far and the winds pick up, 127 00:07:27,620 --> 00:07:30,517 this challenge could be his last. 128 00:07:30,517 --> 00:07:33,689 RONNINGSBAKKEN: When the stack of chairs are moving, 129 00:07:33,689 --> 00:07:36,931 I try to use it and move with the chairs. 130 00:07:36,931 --> 00:07:39,551 131 00:07:39,551 --> 00:07:43,241 If you move just a little bit out of the center of the chairs, 132 00:07:43,241 --> 00:07:45,172 then that's fatal. 133 00:07:45,172 --> 00:07:52,551 134 00:07:52,551 --> 00:07:59,724 135 00:07:59,724 --> 00:08:06,862 136 00:08:06,862 --> 00:08:12,034 I don't see why I should fear death so much 137 00:08:12,034 --> 00:08:17,034 that it should keep me away from doing what I love to do. 138 00:08:17,034 --> 00:08:20,068 139 00:08:20,068 --> 00:08:24,620 I feel 100% sure when I'm balancing. 140 00:08:24,620 --> 00:08:26,103 I love life. 141 00:08:26,103 --> 00:08:30,551 142 00:08:30,551 --> 00:08:33,413 Eskil Ronningsbakken uses strength, 143 00:08:33,413 --> 00:08:36,482 balance, and mental focus to perform on the edge. 144 00:08:36,482 --> 00:08:38,724 Half a world away, another performer pushes himself 145 00:08:38,724 --> 00:08:42,862 to the extreme using nothing but raw power. 146 00:08:42,862 --> 00:08:47,379 147 00:08:47,379 --> 00:08:49,862 Chris Rider is a 21st-century version 148 00:08:49,862 --> 00:08:52,724 of an old-fashioned strongman. 149 00:08:52,724 --> 00:08:55,931 He always pushes it into the red zone, 150 00:08:55,931 --> 00:08:58,758 never mind that one wrong move could leave him crippled. 151 00:09:00,827 --> 00:09:06,034 But what really sets him apart is what he does with his hair. 152 00:09:06,034 --> 00:09:10,551 153 00:09:10,551 --> 00:09:12,206 [ Grunts ] 154 00:09:12,206 --> 00:09:15,206 Today, Haircules will attempt to pull a 14-foot box truck 155 00:09:15,206 --> 00:09:21,758 weighing 14,500 pounds using only his hair. 156 00:09:21,758 --> 00:09:24,310 Believe it or not. 157 00:09:25,620 --> 00:09:27,000 [ Car horn honks ] 158 00:09:28,724 --> 00:09:32,034 [ Heavy metal music plays ][ Grunting ] 159 00:09:32,034 --> 00:09:33,344 Anything else? 160 00:09:33,344 --> 00:09:35,448 People generally just don't think 161 00:09:35,448 --> 00:09:38,862 that humans should be able to do the things that I'm doing. 162 00:09:38,862 --> 00:09:41,103 Everything that you come across is an obstacle. 163 00:09:41,103 --> 00:09:43,586 Obstacles are made to be beaten. 164 00:09:43,586 --> 00:09:44,586 How's that? 165 00:09:44,586 --> 00:09:46,551 Thank you very much.My pleasure. 166 00:09:48,034 --> 00:09:51,137 As a kid, I was always the heavy kid in town, the fat kid. 167 00:09:51,137 --> 00:09:54,758 I saw a picture of myself at 315 pounds, 168 00:09:54,758 --> 00:09:59,482 extremely out of shape, and said, "No more." 169 00:09:59,482 --> 00:10:01,482 I got heavily involved in physical culture. 170 00:10:01,482 --> 00:10:05,482 I started at 315 pounds wearing a 54-waist jean, 171 00:10:05,482 --> 00:10:10,482 and in one year's time, I went from 315 to 220. 172 00:10:10,482 --> 00:10:12,379 Once that transformation happened, 173 00:10:12,379 --> 00:10:14,586 I decided I wanted to be a big guy again, 174 00:10:14,586 --> 00:10:16,793 and then I found powerlifting. 175 00:10:16,793 --> 00:10:19,758 I was powerlifting, getting stronger, 176 00:10:19,758 --> 00:10:22,137 and then one morning, it happened. 177 00:10:22,137 --> 00:10:23,551 I couldn't get out of bed. 178 00:10:23,551 --> 00:10:25,137 My back was completely locked up. 179 00:10:25,137 --> 00:10:27,137 My legs wouldn't bend. 180 00:10:27,137 --> 00:10:29,137 It was discovered through an MRI 181 00:10:29,137 --> 00:10:31,103 that I have degenerative disc disease 182 00:10:31,103 --> 00:10:33,793 from the base of my skull to my tailbone. 183 00:10:33,793 --> 00:10:37,344 The doctors told me, "No more lifting." 184 00:10:37,344 --> 00:10:39,793 CAMPBELL: Unwilling to undergo surgery, 185 00:10:39,793 --> 00:10:42,862 Chris rehabbed himself through a program of exercise 186 00:10:42,862 --> 00:10:44,758 and physical therapies, 187 00:10:44,758 --> 00:10:47,758 but he still missed the intensity of powerlifting. 188 00:10:47,758 --> 00:10:50,172 I would just lay awake thinking about that drive, 189 00:10:50,172 --> 00:10:53,241 that determination, the beating everything 190 00:10:53,241 --> 00:10:55,137 that you got to beat within yourself 191 00:10:55,137 --> 00:10:57,689 to make the goal, and I found that again. 192 00:10:57,689 --> 00:11:00,620 193 00:11:00,620 --> 00:11:03,931 October of 2006, my life changed forever 194 00:11:03,931 --> 00:11:06,551 when I discovered the classic feats of strength. 195 00:11:06,551 --> 00:11:09,379 CAMPBELL: These demonstrations of superhuman ability 196 00:11:09,379 --> 00:11:12,379 have drawn audiences for hundreds of years, 197 00:11:12,379 --> 00:11:15,482 and Chris wasted no time getting in the game. 198 00:11:17,448 --> 00:11:19,241 And I tore my first phone book. 199 00:11:21,241 --> 00:11:22,724 CAMPBELL: Chris holds the world record 200 00:11:22,724 --> 00:11:27,103 for tearing phone books -- 13 in 30 seconds. 201 00:11:27,103 --> 00:11:28,241 [ Cheers and applause ] 2! 202 00:11:28,241 --> 00:11:30,448 [ Accordion playing ] 8! 203 00:11:30,448 --> 00:11:31,620 Stop! 204 00:11:31,620 --> 00:11:35,896 13 phone books, ladies and gentlemen, 205 00:11:35,896 --> 00:11:37,620 right before your very eyes! 206 00:11:39,344 --> 00:11:41,965 CAMPBELL: When people think of classic strongmen, 207 00:11:41,965 --> 00:11:46,379 they think of bulging muscles, not a great head of hair, 208 00:11:46,379 --> 00:11:47,827 but hair has long been associated 209 00:11:47,827 --> 00:11:51,310 with incredible strength, from Samson in the Bible 210 00:11:51,310 --> 00:11:54,413 to Joe Greenstein of 1930s New York, 211 00:11:54,413 --> 00:11:58,068 otherwise known as the Mighty Atom. 212 00:11:58,068 --> 00:11:59,965 This vaudevillian once secured an airplane 213 00:11:59,965 --> 00:12:04,206 to his hair with a chain, then held the aircraft in place 214 00:12:04,206 --> 00:12:07,896 while the pilot gunned the engine. 215 00:12:07,896 --> 00:12:11,551 Another man tried this same feat of strength a few years later. 216 00:12:11,551 --> 00:12:13,724 He died after scalping himself. 217 00:12:15,517 --> 00:12:16,724 La, la, la, la, la, la, la, la 218 00:12:16,724 --> 00:12:18,413 La, di, la, la, la, la, la, la 219 00:12:18,413 --> 00:12:21,379 I don't know that anybody's ever seen anybody 220 00:12:21,379 --> 00:12:22,724 do what he does with his hair. 221 00:12:22,724 --> 00:12:23,793 La, la, la, la 222 00:12:23,793 --> 00:12:25,344 La, di, la, la, la 223 00:12:25,344 --> 00:12:27,137 JENNIFER: The doctors say, "There's absolutely no way 224 00:12:27,137 --> 00:12:28,620 you're gonna be able to do this." 225 00:12:28,620 --> 00:12:30,137 He does it anyway. 226 00:12:30,137 --> 00:12:31,896 My fear is he could make a mistake 227 00:12:31,896 --> 00:12:35,068 and injure himself and be crippled for life. 228 00:12:35,068 --> 00:12:36,379 Okay, you're ready. 229 00:12:36,379 --> 00:12:37,586 Okay. 230 00:12:37,586 --> 00:12:41,896 231 00:12:41,896 --> 00:12:45,517 CAMPBELL: In spite of his degenerative disc disease, 232 00:12:45,517 --> 00:12:50,000 Chris will attempt to pull a 14,500-pound box truck 233 00:12:50,000 --> 00:12:51,586 with his hair. 234 00:12:55,896 --> 00:12:58,448 235 00:12:58,448 --> 00:13:01,448 Chris Rider, a.k.a. Haircules, 236 00:13:01,448 --> 00:13:04,586 is addicted to performing feats of strength. 237 00:13:04,586 --> 00:13:06,689 So even though he's battling a spinal condition 238 00:13:06,689 --> 00:13:10,172 that could leave him crippled, he's determined to move a truck 239 00:13:10,172 --> 00:13:12,448 weighing as much as two elephants 240 00:13:12,448 --> 00:13:15,620 relying on the power of his hair. 241 00:13:15,620 --> 00:13:20,758 242 00:13:20,758 --> 00:13:22,517 CHRIS: Today, I will be attempting 243 00:13:22,517 --> 00:13:24,310 to pull a 14-foot box truck, 244 00:13:24,310 --> 00:13:26,862 which is heavier than anything I've pulled before. 245 00:13:26,862 --> 00:13:28,758 [ Indistinct chatter ] 246 00:13:31,206 --> 00:13:32,482 Jason, come on. 247 00:13:34,275 --> 00:13:36,620 NEIDERER: Every time he pulls a vehicle, 248 00:13:36,620 --> 00:13:39,827 something in his brain doesn't let him stop. 249 00:13:39,827 --> 00:13:43,068 He just feels and knows that he can do something, 250 00:13:43,068 --> 00:13:46,655 even though the rest of the world may think that he can't. 251 00:13:46,655 --> 00:13:48,551 [ Exhales ] Yeah. 252 00:13:48,551 --> 00:13:52,379 Alright, so I'm gonna hook up. 253 00:13:52,379 --> 00:13:53,758 Hands will go out to the sides. 254 00:13:53,758 --> 00:13:56,655 NEIDERER: Thumbs up?When I thumbs up is... 255 00:13:56,655 --> 00:13:58,551 Foot off the brake....time to go. 256 00:13:58,551 --> 00:14:04,448 257 00:14:04,448 --> 00:14:07,379 CAMPBELL: To succeed, Haircules has to pull this truck 258 00:14:07,379 --> 00:14:12,896 from a standing start and continue for 50 feet. 259 00:14:12,896 --> 00:14:16,896 The typical human head has about 100,000 hairs, 260 00:14:16,896 --> 00:14:20,931 and each one of those hairs is strong enough to hold 100 grams, 261 00:14:20,931 --> 00:14:23,448 about the weight of a bar of soap. 262 00:14:23,448 --> 00:14:25,586 Braided together, all that hair is as strong 263 00:14:25,586 --> 00:14:28,344 as a 1/2-inch-thick steel cable, 264 00:14:28,344 --> 00:14:33,034 the same cable contractors use for suspension bridges. 265 00:14:33,034 --> 00:14:35,000 But the strength of his hair alone 266 00:14:35,000 --> 00:14:37,620 is only part of the concern. 267 00:14:37,620 --> 00:14:39,655 CHRIS: My biggest concern pulling this truck is 268 00:14:39,655 --> 00:14:43,689 pulling so hard that I black out and fall over. 269 00:14:43,689 --> 00:14:52,068 270 00:14:52,068 --> 00:14:53,931 [ Grunts ] 271 00:14:53,931 --> 00:14:56,068 [ Crowd cheering ] 272 00:14:57,689 --> 00:14:59,448 [ Grunting ] Yeah! 273 00:14:59,448 --> 00:15:01,241 274 00:15:01,241 --> 00:15:02,862 MAN: You're on a roll, baby! 275 00:15:02,862 --> 00:15:04,793 You're on a roll, baby! 276 00:15:04,793 --> 00:15:06,758 [ Truck horn honks ] 277 00:15:06,758 --> 00:15:09,862 278 00:15:09,862 --> 00:15:11,793 MAN #2: Keep going. 279 00:15:11,793 --> 00:15:13,000 Go! 280 00:15:13,000 --> 00:15:14,931 [ Cheering continues ] 281 00:15:14,931 --> 00:15:22,103 282 00:15:22,103 --> 00:15:24,172 [ Cheers and applause ] 283 00:15:25,551 --> 00:15:27,310 [ Exhales ] 284 00:15:27,310 --> 00:15:30,034 CHRIS: I think the box-truck pull went very well. 285 00:15:30,034 --> 00:15:32,517 I pulled it for a long distance, 286 00:15:32,517 --> 00:15:34,965 and I'm just having a great time doing what I love. 287 00:15:34,965 --> 00:15:40,896 288 00:15:40,896 --> 00:15:44,137 As Haircules knows well, sometimes you have to endure 289 00:15:44,137 --> 00:15:46,206 a little pain in the name of glory. 290 00:15:46,206 --> 00:15:47,724 I know pain. 291 00:15:47,724 --> 00:15:49,241 Pain is a friend of mine. 292 00:15:49,241 --> 00:15:51,586 But for a few bugged-out guys on stinger watch, 293 00:15:51,586 --> 00:15:54,034 pain is their best freaking friend. 294 00:15:54,034 --> 00:15:59,241 295 00:15:59,241 --> 00:16:03,793 Most people do their best to avoid stinging bugs, 296 00:16:03,793 --> 00:16:06,344 but Justin Schmidt entered the hornet's nest 297 00:16:06,344 --> 00:16:09,034 on a brave and excruciating mission. 298 00:16:09,034 --> 00:16:16,965 299 00:16:16,965 --> 00:16:25,000 300 00:16:25,000 --> 00:16:28,103 40 years ago, Schmidt, an entomologist, 301 00:16:28,103 --> 00:16:30,172 set out to do the unthinkable -- 302 00:16:30,172 --> 00:16:33,827 get bit by every stinging insect on the planet 303 00:16:33,827 --> 00:16:35,551 and document the aftermath. 304 00:16:35,551 --> 00:16:37,931 305 00:16:37,931 --> 00:16:40,620 His resulting work, known as the Schmidt Pain Index, 306 00:16:40,620 --> 00:16:44,862 became a fascinating scientific treatise. 307 00:16:44,862 --> 00:16:47,275 Now it's getting new attention 308 00:16:47,275 --> 00:16:49,517 from outdoor adventurer Rob Alleva... 309 00:16:49,517 --> 00:16:51,724 Big freaking centipede -- amazing. 310 00:16:51,724 --> 00:16:53,655 CAMPBELL: ...who intends to use the index 311 00:16:53,655 --> 00:16:57,000 as a road map from sting to sting. 312 00:16:57,000 --> 00:16:58,758 That is electric! 313 00:16:58,758 --> 00:17:00,965 CAMPBELL: Rob loves to test science... 314 00:17:00,965 --> 00:17:02,275 Oh, boy. Here we go. 315 00:17:02,275 --> 00:17:03,551 CAMPBELL: ...even at its most painful. 316 00:17:03,551 --> 00:17:04,448 Aah! 317 00:17:04,448 --> 00:17:05,620 Okay, it hurts. [Bleep]! 318 00:17:05,620 --> 00:17:06,965 Oh, [bleep]! 319 00:17:06,965 --> 00:17:11,034 CAMPBELL: The Schmidt Pain Index says this tarantula hawk 320 00:17:11,034 --> 00:17:13,827 is the worst sting in North America. 321 00:17:13,827 --> 00:17:17,103 Today, Rob will find out if that's true. 322 00:17:17,103 --> 00:17:19,137 [ Screams ] 323 00:17:19,137 --> 00:17:22,172 Believe it or not. 324 00:17:22,172 --> 00:17:26,724 325 00:17:26,724 --> 00:17:30,517 The desert outside Tucson, Arizona, is full of insects, 326 00:17:30,517 --> 00:17:33,379 over 50 different types of hymenoptera -- 327 00:17:33,379 --> 00:17:36,655 wasps, bees, and ants, 328 00:17:36,655 --> 00:17:40,344 the perfect home base for Justin Schmidt. 329 00:17:40,344 --> 00:17:42,137 Good morning, my lady. 330 00:17:43,310 --> 00:17:45,931 The insects are so beautiful and so charismatic, 331 00:17:45,931 --> 00:17:49,275 and it's just such fascinating, wonderful behaviors. 332 00:17:49,275 --> 00:17:52,482 And what could be more fascinating than a sting? 333 00:17:52,482 --> 00:17:57,758 334 00:17:57,758 --> 00:18:01,827 A sting is basically nature's hypodermic syringe, 335 00:18:01,827 --> 00:18:03,172 which puts the goodies in. 336 00:18:03,172 --> 00:18:04,931 [ Insects buzzing ] 337 00:18:04,931 --> 00:18:06,827 CAMPBELL: Starting in 1969, 338 00:18:06,827 --> 00:18:09,793 Justin volunteered to play pincushion. 339 00:18:09,793 --> 00:18:14,310 Over 1,500 stings later, he's got close to 100 species 340 00:18:14,310 --> 00:18:17,172 catalogued in the Schmidt pain scale, 341 00:18:17,172 --> 00:18:21,689 which ranks insect stings on a pain spectrum from 1 to 4. 342 00:18:23,206 --> 00:18:26,275 Most of us have felt a 1 or even a 2, 343 00:18:26,275 --> 00:18:29,965 but very few of us have experienced a 4. 344 00:18:29,965 --> 00:18:34,172 And a 4 is just excruciating, electrifyingly debilitating. 345 00:18:34,172 --> 00:18:35,379 It just shuts you down. 346 00:18:35,379 --> 00:18:37,620 4 is a tarantula hawk wasp. 347 00:18:37,620 --> 00:18:39,862 They're like an absolute bolt of lightning. 348 00:18:39,862 --> 00:18:41,448 [ Thunder crashes ] 349 00:18:41,448 --> 00:18:43,793 I don't like the sting. I'd rather not have it. 350 00:18:43,793 --> 00:18:45,931 But I like the result that I get, 351 00:18:45,931 --> 00:18:49,068 you know, some data and some useful information. 352 00:18:49,068 --> 00:18:50,965 CAMPBELL: Build a pain scale, 353 00:18:50,965 --> 00:18:54,172 and people will come, looking to test their nerve... 354 00:18:54,172 --> 00:18:56,206 Not that baaaaad! Okay, I'm kidding. 355 00:18:56,206 --> 00:18:57,896 CAMPBELL: ...or to just experience 356 00:18:57,896 --> 00:18:59,586 the worst nature has to offer. 357 00:18:59,586 --> 00:19:01,310 Oh, man. That stings. [ Laughs ] 358 00:19:03,068 --> 00:19:04,896 CAMPBELL: Enter Rob Alleva. 359 00:19:04,896 --> 00:19:12,241 360 00:19:12,241 --> 00:19:14,482 Today, he's after a category-4 sting 361 00:19:14,482 --> 00:19:16,655 from a tarantula hawk wasp, 362 00:19:16,655 --> 00:19:22,724 a creature so fierce it eats tarantulas for lunch. 363 00:19:22,724 --> 00:19:24,724 One of the largest wasps in the world, 364 00:19:24,724 --> 00:19:28,965 the tarantula hawk has a stinger up to 7 millimeters long, 365 00:19:28,965 --> 00:19:31,482 delivering a dose of painful venom, 366 00:19:31,482 --> 00:19:36,517 a sting so painful this wasp has no natural predators, 367 00:19:36,517 --> 00:19:39,620 and Rob Alleva is about to find out why. 368 00:19:39,620 --> 00:19:42,206 369 00:19:42,206 --> 00:19:44,896 This insect is at the top of the Schmidt pain scale 370 00:19:44,896 --> 00:19:46,172 with a number 4. 371 00:19:46,172 --> 00:19:48,551 But I've been bitten by rattlesnakes. 372 00:19:48,551 --> 00:19:51,965 I've been stung from everything from honeybees to velvet ants. 373 00:19:51,965 --> 00:19:53,310 But I want to see if this deserves 374 00:19:53,310 --> 00:19:55,724 the reputation that it has. 375 00:19:55,724 --> 00:19:58,758 I'm going to pick a spot on my forearm 376 00:19:58,758 --> 00:20:01,793 and have it sting me, which is terrifying. 377 00:20:04,413 --> 00:20:08,000 And if you try to say, "Oh, I'm tough. I'm macho," wrong. 378 00:20:08,000 --> 00:20:11,310 You can't overcome the pain. 379 00:20:11,310 --> 00:20:13,965 ALLEVA: Oh, I can see the stinger. 380 00:20:13,965 --> 00:20:15,586 He's ready to sting. 381 00:20:15,586 --> 00:20:19,344 382 00:20:19,344 --> 00:20:21,172 RICHARDS: Why can't people change, 383 00:20:21,172 --> 00:20:22,517 be whatever they want to be? 384 00:20:22,517 --> 00:20:24,586 Yeah, I'm crazy. Everybody's crazy. 385 00:20:25,655 --> 00:20:26,827 [ Engine revs ] 386 00:20:26,827 --> 00:20:30,172 And in the white snow was blood everywhere. 387 00:20:30,172 --> 00:20:31,793 Seven months after my injury happened, 388 00:20:31,793 --> 00:20:33,620 I was racing supercross. 389 00:20:33,620 --> 00:20:36,413 390 00:20:38,896 --> 00:20:42,448 391 00:20:42,448 --> 00:20:46,137 Justin Schmidt created a pain scale of insect stings 392 00:20:46,137 --> 00:20:49,586 so people would know which bugs to avoid like the plague. 393 00:20:49,586 --> 00:20:50,758 He never imagined anyone 394 00:20:50,758 --> 00:20:54,103 would actually replicate his agony for fun. 395 00:20:54,103 --> 00:20:56,344 396 00:20:56,344 --> 00:20:59,482 Rob Alleva is about to face a full 4 397 00:20:59,482 --> 00:21:01,482 on the Schmidt pain scale, 398 00:21:01,482 --> 00:21:04,379 the most agonizing sting in North America -- 399 00:21:04,379 --> 00:21:07,103 the tarantula hawk wasp. 400 00:21:07,103 --> 00:21:10,103 We're gonna find out if it lives up to its reputation. 401 00:21:11,724 --> 00:21:13,551 He's ready to sting. 402 00:21:13,551 --> 00:21:16,310 I tell people when they get stung by a tarantula hawk 403 00:21:16,310 --> 00:21:18,896 to lay down and scream because that's a 4, 404 00:21:18,896 --> 00:21:21,793 and a 4 is just excruciating, electrifying. 405 00:21:21,793 --> 00:21:23,448 It just shuts you down. 406 00:21:25,137 --> 00:21:28,275 ALLEVA: Here we go, sting level number 4. 407 00:21:28,275 --> 00:21:30,000 Oh, I can see the stinger. 408 00:21:31,965 --> 00:21:34,620 [ Screams ] 409 00:21:34,620 --> 00:21:37,068 [ Inhales sharply ] 410 00:21:37,068 --> 00:21:38,551 [ Groans ] 411 00:21:38,551 --> 00:21:39,965 [ Exhales ] 412 00:21:39,965 --> 00:21:41,896 [ Groans ] 413 00:21:41,896 --> 00:21:43,862 [ Grunts ] 414 00:21:43,862 --> 00:21:45,827 [ Exhales sharply, grunts ] 415 00:21:45,827 --> 00:21:47,655 I've been bitten and stung by a lot of animals, 416 00:21:47,655 --> 00:21:50,827 but this one -- this one's really high up there. 417 00:21:50,827 --> 00:21:52,758 [ Exhales ] 418 00:21:52,758 --> 00:21:54,655 Sorry. I can barely talk right now. 419 00:21:54,655 --> 00:21:56,172 [ Exhales ] 420 00:21:56,172 --> 00:21:57,965 [ Groans ] 421 00:21:57,965 --> 00:21:59,413 Whoa. 422 00:21:59,413 --> 00:22:02,172 Whoa, it just -- it just receded. 423 00:22:02,172 --> 00:22:03,862 [ Exhales ] Wow. 424 00:22:03,862 --> 00:22:05,931 Was the most painful sting I've ever had. 425 00:22:05,931 --> 00:22:07,724 It felt like fire. 426 00:22:07,724 --> 00:22:09,931 It literally felt like I was being burned. 427 00:22:09,931 --> 00:22:11,896 I don't think I'll be tangling with any tarantula hawks 428 00:22:11,896 --> 00:22:13,689 again anytime soon. 429 00:22:13,689 --> 00:22:15,137 Respect for that animal. 430 00:22:15,137 --> 00:22:18,620 431 00:22:18,620 --> 00:22:22,241 Rob and Justin sought out pain for posterity. 432 00:22:22,241 --> 00:22:24,448 For another man on a personal quest, 433 00:22:24,448 --> 00:22:27,068 pain is all about transformation. 434 00:22:27,068 --> 00:22:29,793 435 00:22:29,793 --> 00:22:31,758 [ Birds squawking ] 436 00:22:31,758 --> 00:22:40,344 437 00:22:40,344 --> 00:22:43,275 Ted Richards loves his birds so much, 438 00:22:43,275 --> 00:22:45,413 they've taken over his whole life. 439 00:22:53,310 --> 00:22:55,241 He's even changed his name. 440 00:23:12,931 --> 00:23:17,931 441 00:23:17,931 --> 00:23:20,413 Now Ted is raising the stakes. 442 00:23:20,413 --> 00:23:22,482 To really become a parrot... 443 00:23:22,482 --> 00:23:25,034 he needs to take to the air. 444 00:23:29,379 --> 00:23:32,137 But will this bird fly? 445 00:23:32,137 --> 00:23:40,793 446 00:23:40,793 --> 00:23:42,206 Eight years ago, 447 00:23:42,206 --> 00:23:46,241 Ted started transforming his house into a birdcage 448 00:23:46,241 --> 00:23:48,896 where he and dozens of birds live together. 449 00:23:48,896 --> 00:23:50,551 He even eats the same food... 450 00:23:51,448 --> 00:23:53,448 ... as his feathered flatmates. 451 00:24:00,931 --> 00:24:03,586 Now, lots of people are devoted to their pets. 452 00:24:11,137 --> 00:24:12,793 [ Laughs ] 453 00:24:12,793 --> 00:24:15,172 CAMPBELL: But Ted doesn't just want to be with them... 454 00:24:16,551 --> 00:24:19,172 ...he wants to bethem. 455 00:24:20,620 --> 00:24:22,068 And then one day... 456 00:24:30,034 --> 00:24:31,137 [ Squawks ] 457 00:24:31,137 --> 00:24:32,758 But it doesn't stop there. 458 00:24:35,206 --> 00:24:37,206 He's also colored his eyes. 459 00:24:51,413 --> 00:24:54,344 Tattooing the eyes requires injecting ink 460 00:24:54,344 --> 00:24:57,724 into a very thin layer of skin covering the sclera, 461 00:24:57,724 --> 00:24:59,758 which is extremely risky. 462 00:25:10,724 --> 00:25:14,517 There's nothing he won't do to look more like his birds. 463 00:25:21,517 --> 00:25:23,551 By removing the outer ear flap, 464 00:25:23,551 --> 00:25:27,034 which helps funnel sound into the ear canal, 465 00:25:27,034 --> 00:25:29,310 Ted has impaired his hearing. 466 00:25:43,827 --> 00:25:45,172 [ Parrots squawking ] 467 00:25:50,310 --> 00:25:54,344 Ted is unique, to say the least, but he's not alone. 468 00:25:55,655 --> 00:25:57,413 In the early 1900s, Horace Ridler 469 00:25:57,413 --> 00:25:59,206 was a military officer 470 00:25:59,206 --> 00:26:02,068 who covered his body in zebra stripes. 471 00:26:03,758 --> 00:26:06,586 Species dysphoria is a condition in which a person 472 00:26:06,586 --> 00:26:09,655 thinks of him-or-herself as an animal 473 00:26:09,655 --> 00:26:12,689 accidentally born into a human body. 474 00:26:12,689 --> 00:26:15,862 Plenty of people have modified their appearance 475 00:26:15,862 --> 00:26:17,586 to correct the mistake. 476 00:26:24,827 --> 00:26:27,448 But to truly complete his transformation, 477 00:26:27,448 --> 00:26:31,379 there's one last thing Parrotman needs to do... 478 00:26:31,379 --> 00:26:32,482 Fly. 479 00:26:32,482 --> 00:26:34,896 480 00:26:34,896 --> 00:26:39,241 He's traveled to a quarry where a zip line 230-feet-up, 481 00:26:39,241 --> 00:26:43,172 2,300-feet-long traverses a reservoir. 482 00:26:43,172 --> 00:26:45,344 It's time for Ted to spread his wings, 483 00:26:45,344 --> 00:26:47,137 but will he take the leap 484 00:26:47,137 --> 00:26:49,517 or will this parrot man chicken out? 485 00:27:00,793 --> 00:27:04,000 MIKE: I hit a hole at about 35 mile an hour. 486 00:27:04,000 --> 00:27:06,310 Most intense pain I've ever had up to that point. 487 00:27:06,310 --> 00:27:07,482 He was dying. 488 00:27:08,862 --> 00:27:10,517 FRANDSEN: I have a passion for it. 489 00:27:10,517 --> 00:27:13,413 If you want to know what our prehistoric world looked like, 490 00:27:13,413 --> 00:27:15,172 you need to look at poo. 491 00:27:15,172 --> 00:27:17,793 492 00:27:26,413 --> 00:27:30,344 493 00:27:30,344 --> 00:27:32,758 Ted Richards spent years transitioning 494 00:27:32,758 --> 00:27:37,517 from mild-mannered bird-keeper to fully fledged parrot, 495 00:27:37,517 --> 00:27:40,896 but he won't really feel like a bird until he can soar. 496 00:27:40,896 --> 00:27:43,793 497 00:27:43,793 --> 00:27:45,724 [ Birds chirping ] 498 00:28:01,689 --> 00:28:03,068 RICHARDS: Then the helmet?WOMAN: Yep. 499 00:28:03,068 --> 00:28:04,448 Alright. This one? 500 00:28:04,448 --> 00:28:05,655 Perfect. 501 00:28:11,689 --> 00:28:20,758 502 00:28:20,758 --> 00:28:21,827 Whoo! 503 00:28:21,827 --> 00:28:23,482 Yeah! I love it. 504 00:28:23,482 --> 00:28:25,379 I love it, I love it, I love it, I love it. 505 00:28:25,379 --> 00:28:29,206 Whoo-hoo-hoo-hoo! Whoo-hoo! 506 00:28:29,206 --> 00:28:30,655 Flying like a bird! 507 00:28:45,758 --> 00:28:52,275 508 00:28:52,275 --> 00:28:55,172 Ted Richards went from man to bird. 509 00:28:55,172 --> 00:28:58,931 This person went from man to machine. 510 00:28:58,931 --> 00:29:01,413 [ Engine revs ] 511 00:29:01,413 --> 00:29:06,655 When it came to extreme sports, Mike Schultz was a natural 512 00:29:06,655 --> 00:29:08,793 until everything came crashing down. 513 00:29:08,793 --> 00:29:17,344 514 00:29:17,344 --> 00:29:20,448 Now, with no training and no help, 515 00:29:20,448 --> 00:29:22,931 he's determined to get back in the game 516 00:29:22,931 --> 00:29:26,137 by re-fashioning bike parts into his own leg. 517 00:29:26,137 --> 00:29:27,206 [ Engine revs ] 518 00:29:27,206 --> 00:29:30,068 Believe it or not. 519 00:29:30,068 --> 00:29:36,206 520 00:29:36,206 --> 00:29:40,034 In the summer of 2008, I was on top of my game. 521 00:29:40,034 --> 00:29:42,620 522 00:29:42,620 --> 00:29:45,793 I had a lot of new things going on coming into the season, 523 00:29:45,793 --> 00:29:48,655 just signed with a new race team. 524 00:29:48,655 --> 00:29:51,034 I was banging bars with the best of the best in the world 525 00:29:51,034 --> 00:29:53,068 and living my dream. 526 00:29:53,068 --> 00:29:55,482 It was pretty awesome. 527 00:29:55,482 --> 00:29:57,862 CAMPBELL: That is, until the second race 528 00:29:57,862 --> 00:29:59,275 of the snowcross season. 529 00:29:59,275 --> 00:30:01,275 MALE ANNOUNCER: They're off and out. 530 00:30:01,275 --> 00:30:03,344 [ Engines revving ] 531 00:30:05,758 --> 00:30:08,689 MIKE: I hit a hole coming down a really rough section. 532 00:30:08,689 --> 00:30:11,827 Then I got thrown from my machine 533 00:30:11,827 --> 00:30:15,379 at about 35 mile an hour, so... 534 00:30:15,379 --> 00:30:17,344 I landed feet first, 535 00:30:17,344 --> 00:30:20,931 and on impact, my left knee buckled 180°, 536 00:30:20,931 --> 00:30:26,758 and instantly, most intense pain I've ever had up to that point. 537 00:30:26,758 --> 00:30:30,275 And in the white snow was blood everywhere. 538 00:30:31,448 --> 00:30:34,172 CAMPBELL: Mike suffered a compound fracture, 539 00:30:34,172 --> 00:30:36,344 severing an artery in the process. 540 00:30:36,344 --> 00:30:38,241 He was going into shock. 541 00:30:38,241 --> 00:30:40,172 CAMPBELL: With a storm approaching, 542 00:30:40,172 --> 00:30:43,482 EMTs can't airlift Mike to the nearest hospital. 543 00:30:43,482 --> 00:30:45,137 They'll have to drive 2 1/2 hours 544 00:30:45,137 --> 00:30:47,655 and hope Mike can hang on. 545 00:30:47,655 --> 00:30:49,827 It's touch and go. 546 00:30:49,827 --> 00:30:52,517 This leg injury was killing him. 547 00:30:52,517 --> 00:30:55,758 CAMPBELL: They make it to the hospital, barely. 548 00:30:55,758 --> 00:30:59,000 549 00:30:59,000 --> 00:31:03,034 The only hope to save Mike's life is to amputate the leg. 550 00:31:03,034 --> 00:31:06,482 551 00:31:06,482 --> 00:31:08,310 MIKE: After I got home from the hospital 552 00:31:08,310 --> 00:31:11,137 and kind of recovered physically enough 553 00:31:11,137 --> 00:31:14,137 to where I was stable and could think straight again, 554 00:31:14,137 --> 00:31:15,896 I kind of accepted the fact 555 00:31:15,896 --> 00:31:19,275 that I wasn't gonna be racing or competing anymore. 556 00:31:19,275 --> 00:31:22,206 CAMPBELL: But then in the spring of 2009, 557 00:31:22,206 --> 00:31:24,241 he receives an unexpected invitation 558 00:31:24,241 --> 00:31:27,620 to participate in a race for adaptive athletes 559 00:31:27,620 --> 00:31:29,896 at the X Games. 560 00:31:29,896 --> 00:31:34,068 Whatever excitement Mike's feeling is soon dashed. 561 00:31:34,068 --> 00:31:36,379 He discovers that there isn't a single prosthetic 562 00:31:36,379 --> 00:31:39,896 on the market that can handle extreme sports. 563 00:31:39,896 --> 00:31:42,034 When you're riding, the majority of the time, 564 00:31:42,034 --> 00:31:45,068 we're standing up on the dirt bike and the snowmobile. 565 00:31:45,068 --> 00:31:48,310 I need to be able to absorb those big jumps and bumps, 566 00:31:48,310 --> 00:31:51,620 and if I were to use my everyday prosthetic leg, 567 00:31:51,620 --> 00:31:53,689 it would just buckle under impact, 568 00:31:53,689 --> 00:31:56,655 or I'd have to sit down the whole time while I'm riding, 569 00:31:56,655 --> 00:31:58,689 and, yeah, that's not gonna work. 570 00:31:58,689 --> 00:32:00,896 CAMPBELL: The human leg absorbs impact 571 00:32:00,896 --> 00:32:04,206 by transferring the force to muscles and tendons, 572 00:32:04,206 --> 00:32:06,827 which contract in the opposite direction. 573 00:32:06,827 --> 00:32:10,586 This extends the time of impulse, softening the impact, 574 00:32:10,586 --> 00:32:14,275 but a prosthetic one doesn't exist... 575 00:32:14,275 --> 00:32:18,413 at least not yet. 576 00:32:18,413 --> 00:32:22,413 MIKE: So I went to the shop and started designing my own. 577 00:32:22,413 --> 00:32:26,206 I used my 9th-grade drafting class experience. 578 00:32:26,206 --> 00:32:28,793 I had pages and pages of drawings. 579 00:32:30,689 --> 00:32:34,310 CAMPBELL: No formal training, no R&D department, 580 00:32:34,310 --> 00:32:37,068 just one man driven to reclaim his life. 581 00:32:38,206 --> 00:32:39,482 [ Engine revs ] 582 00:32:39,482 --> 00:32:41,517 But will it get him back in the race? 583 00:32:41,517 --> 00:32:45,103 584 00:32:47,965 --> 00:32:51,310 585 00:32:51,310 --> 00:32:54,206 In the winter of 2008, extreme-sports athlete 586 00:32:54,206 --> 00:32:57,482 Mike Schultz is involved in one of the most gruesome crashes 587 00:32:57,482 --> 00:32:59,793 snowcross fans have ever witnessed. 588 00:32:59,793 --> 00:33:03,241 He lost his leg from above the knee down, 589 00:33:03,241 --> 00:33:05,034 but not his will to compete. 590 00:33:05,034 --> 00:33:10,448 591 00:33:10,448 --> 00:33:11,896 MIKE: Prosthetic leg I was designing 592 00:33:11,896 --> 00:33:14,931 was trying to recreate my quadricep muscles 593 00:33:14,931 --> 00:33:17,517 to absorb the shock from those big jumps. 594 00:33:17,517 --> 00:33:19,620 The main challenge of creating it was 595 00:33:19,620 --> 00:33:23,241 basically trying to achieve the full range of motion. 596 00:33:23,241 --> 00:33:25,655 [ Engine revs ] 597 00:33:25,655 --> 00:33:28,586 CAMPBELL: Now to find out if his homemade bionic knee 598 00:33:28,586 --> 00:33:30,448 will hold up. 599 00:33:31,793 --> 00:33:33,689 My hands were just shaking 'cause, like, 600 00:33:33,689 --> 00:33:35,689 this is gonna get me back into riding. 601 00:33:37,862 --> 00:33:43,551 When I went for that first ride, it was an unbelievable feeling. 602 00:33:43,551 --> 00:33:47,379 Man, I was standing up on both foot pegs. 603 00:33:47,379 --> 00:33:49,655 I felt normal again. 604 00:33:49,655 --> 00:33:56,620 605 00:33:56,620 --> 00:34:03,551 606 00:34:03,551 --> 00:34:05,275 Seven months after my injury happened, 607 00:34:05,275 --> 00:34:09,000 I was racing supercross in Los Angeles 608 00:34:09,000 --> 00:34:11,068 on the gnarliest racecourse 609 00:34:11,068 --> 00:34:12,896 I've ever ridden in my entire life. 610 00:34:12,896 --> 00:34:14,793 It scared the hell out of me. [ Chuckles ] 611 00:34:14,793 --> 00:34:18,172 But I, you know, I stuck to it, and I pushed myself, 612 00:34:18,172 --> 00:34:19,965 and I brought home a silver medal. 613 00:34:19,965 --> 00:34:22,862 614 00:34:22,862 --> 00:34:24,551 If you have something taken away from you 615 00:34:24,551 --> 00:34:28,758 and you're not ready for it and you think you've lost it, 616 00:34:28,758 --> 00:34:33,275 and then to have it back in your grasp again, 617 00:34:33,275 --> 00:34:35,551 that's an incredibly powerful feeling, 618 00:34:35,551 --> 00:34:39,000 and it just opens up your world again, 619 00:34:39,000 --> 00:34:42,620 and from that point on, I haven't let off the throttle. 620 00:34:42,620 --> 00:34:44,965 CAMPBELL: Mike goes on to win medals 621 00:34:44,965 --> 00:34:47,310 in snowcross and moto-X racing, 622 00:34:47,310 --> 00:34:49,931 the most decorated adaptive athlete 623 00:34:49,931 --> 00:34:53,103 in X Games history. 624 00:34:53,103 --> 00:34:56,827 Part man, part machine, total stud. 625 00:34:56,827 --> 00:35:00,689 626 00:35:00,689 --> 00:35:04,448 For some people, glory means crossing the finish line first. 627 00:35:04,448 --> 00:35:06,103 For one man in Florida, 628 00:35:06,103 --> 00:35:08,413 it's all about getting his hands on the rarest... 629 00:35:09,379 --> 00:35:11,896 poop in the world. 630 00:35:11,896 --> 00:35:17,827 631 00:35:17,827 --> 00:35:23,689 632 00:35:23,689 --> 00:35:26,862 If there was such a thing as king of feces, 633 00:35:26,862 --> 00:35:29,413 George Frandsen would wear the crown. 634 00:35:29,413 --> 00:35:32,172 I'm definitely a poop collector. 635 00:35:32,172 --> 00:35:34,586 But not fresh poop. 636 00:35:34,586 --> 00:35:36,896 CAMPBELL: George collects some of 637 00:35:36,896 --> 00:35:38,758 the oldest turds in the world, 638 00:35:38,758 --> 00:35:41,241 fossilized millions of years ago. 639 00:35:41,241 --> 00:35:44,482 George's collection is prolific. 640 00:35:44,482 --> 00:35:46,758 CAMPBELL: But he's not nearly satisfied. 641 00:35:46,758 --> 00:35:52,413 My goal is to find the largest fossilized poo in the world. 642 00:35:52,413 --> 00:35:54,758 CAMPBELL: Believe it or not. 643 00:35:54,758 --> 00:35:58,965 644 00:35:58,965 --> 00:36:01,862 FRANDSEN: I've collected coprolites since I was 18. 645 00:36:01,862 --> 00:36:05,034 My first piece was purchased from a rock shop in Moab, Utah. 646 00:36:05,034 --> 00:36:07,310 It looks like a cat poo, 647 00:36:07,310 --> 00:36:10,586 and it said, "Fossilized dino poo," on it. 648 00:36:10,586 --> 00:36:12,103 I just thought that was the most incredible thing 649 00:36:12,103 --> 00:36:14,275 I've ever heard of or seen, 650 00:36:14,275 --> 00:36:16,931 so I would go hunting for fossilized poo. 651 00:36:16,931 --> 00:36:18,862 I have a passion for it. 652 00:36:18,862 --> 00:36:21,793 CAMPBELL: When droppings are covered in mud, 653 00:36:21,793 --> 00:36:25,655 a mineral transfer occurs, fossilizing them. 654 00:36:25,655 --> 00:36:28,862 Millions of years later, it's no longer actual poop 655 00:36:28,862 --> 00:36:33,862 but rather an all-mineral-based replacement known as coprolite. 656 00:36:33,862 --> 00:36:37,103 The oldest human coprolite is from a Neanderthal, 657 00:36:37,103 --> 00:36:39,655 previously thought to be strict carnivores. 658 00:36:39,655 --> 00:36:43,931 Turns out, they actually ate plenty of vegetables. 659 00:36:43,931 --> 00:36:47,482 FRANDSEN: I love it because what it tells about history. 660 00:36:47,482 --> 00:36:50,655 If you want to know what our prehistoric world looked like, 661 00:36:50,655 --> 00:36:53,862 you need to look at poo. 662 00:36:53,862 --> 00:36:56,689 Fossilized poo, it can tell us about behaviors of dinosaurs 663 00:36:56,689 --> 00:36:57,965 that we didn't know. 664 00:36:57,965 --> 00:37:00,620 In each piece, you can tell maybe what it ate. 665 00:37:00,620 --> 00:37:02,793 Are there bones in there? Are there scales in there? 666 00:37:02,793 --> 00:37:07,655 That will indicate more information about our history, 667 00:37:07,655 --> 00:37:12,068 and I think that's important to collect. 668 00:37:12,068 --> 00:37:13,793 So what I thought would be a great idea 669 00:37:13,793 --> 00:37:16,655 is to build a database, a resource center. 670 00:37:16,655 --> 00:37:19,482 I ended up calling it the Poozeum, 671 00:37:19,482 --> 00:37:21,965 an online resource center where people could come 672 00:37:21,965 --> 00:37:24,931 and do comparative analysis with coprolites they have found, 673 00:37:24,931 --> 00:37:27,517 and they could see ones from my collection. 674 00:37:27,517 --> 00:37:30,310 They could find research papers. They could play games. 675 00:37:30,310 --> 00:37:33,172 It's the hub of all things fossilized poo. 676 00:37:33,172 --> 00:37:36,344 677 00:37:36,344 --> 00:37:39,034 Prior to my collection and the Poozeum, 678 00:37:39,034 --> 00:37:40,586 nobody was collecting poo, 679 00:37:40,586 --> 00:37:43,310 and I had a passion for it, so I went for it. 680 00:37:43,310 --> 00:37:47,137 CAMPBELL: The Poozeum, as his house is now known, 681 00:37:47,137 --> 00:37:49,413 contains over 10,000 samples 682 00:37:49,413 --> 00:37:53,275 with an estimated value of over $100,000. 683 00:37:53,275 --> 00:37:55,551 FRANDSEN: The collection is so vast, 684 00:37:55,551 --> 00:37:57,620 it's stored in several different places. 685 00:37:57,620 --> 00:37:59,896 The very expensive ones are stored 686 00:37:59,896 --> 00:38:05,586 in a environmentally controlled safe that only I have access to, 687 00:38:05,586 --> 00:38:09,103 and it keeps growing into a giant crap collection, 688 00:38:09,103 --> 00:38:11,068 you could say. 689 00:38:11,068 --> 00:38:14,137 I always get really excited when I have somebody send me 690 00:38:14,137 --> 00:38:16,620 a new fossilized poo. 691 00:38:16,620 --> 00:38:21,172 This is a coprolite from Lyme Regis of England. 692 00:38:21,172 --> 00:38:22,551 Hopefully, I'm gonna open it up 693 00:38:22,551 --> 00:38:26,241 and it's going to be an incredible coprolite. 694 00:38:26,241 --> 00:38:28,206 Really excited. It's like Christmas morning. 695 00:38:28,206 --> 00:38:30,655 696 00:38:33,965 --> 00:38:38,275 697 00:38:38,275 --> 00:38:41,586 Poozeum curator George Frandsen is a man 698 00:38:41,586 --> 00:38:44,965 who has reached into the bowels of his obsession, 699 00:38:44,965 --> 00:38:47,034 and even after 21 years, 700 00:38:47,034 --> 00:38:53,965 he's still tickled by every... treasurethat comes his way. 701 00:38:53,965 --> 00:38:56,551 Today is a special day. 702 00:38:56,551 --> 00:38:58,793 George is opening the newest addition 703 00:38:58,793 --> 00:39:01,620 to his precious collection. 704 00:39:01,620 --> 00:39:05,068 It's definitely not the world's largest coprolite, 705 00:39:05,068 --> 00:39:08,137 but it's a rare specimen. 706 00:39:08,137 --> 00:39:09,620 FRANDSEN: This is kind of neat. 707 00:39:09,620 --> 00:39:12,448 It looks like it used to be more of an oval shape, 708 00:39:12,448 --> 00:39:15,965 and it's broken off, which reveals all these scales, 709 00:39:15,965 --> 00:39:18,896 but what's neat is that you can see the point that it comes to, 710 00:39:18,896 --> 00:39:21,758 which is the great pinch mark. 711 00:39:21,758 --> 00:39:25,068 712 00:39:25,068 --> 00:39:29,724 What I'm guessing is this poo belonged to an ichthyosaurus. 713 00:39:29,724 --> 00:39:32,448 It's a prehistoric marine reptile 714 00:39:32,448 --> 00:39:34,620 that kind of looks like a dolphin 715 00:39:34,620 --> 00:39:36,931 with these big, giant sharp teeth, 716 00:39:36,931 --> 00:39:39,103 but it was a carnivore, and it would go through the seas 717 00:39:39,103 --> 00:39:41,379 eating other sea-dwelling creatures, 718 00:39:41,379 --> 00:39:43,344 and you have a series of scales 719 00:39:43,344 --> 00:39:45,827 all through the inner core of the... 720 00:39:45,827 --> 00:39:49,379 So it definitely ate some smaller fish. 721 00:39:49,379 --> 00:39:51,827 All these little black marks are scales. 722 00:39:51,827 --> 00:39:55,689 CAMPBELL: Each new coprolite George acquires is weighed... 723 00:39:55,689 --> 00:39:57,758 52.9 grams. 724 00:39:57,758 --> 00:39:58,793 CAMPBELL: ...measured... 725 00:39:58,793 --> 00:40:01,517 53.28 millimeters. 726 00:40:01,517 --> 00:40:04,689 CAMPBELL: ...catalogued and added to the Poozeum. 727 00:40:04,689 --> 00:40:07,862 Most fossilized poo, you know, are tiny, 728 00:40:07,862 --> 00:40:11,551 a couple millimeters across to several inches. 729 00:40:11,551 --> 00:40:14,586 You get to these huge dinosaurs that are as big as a school bus. 730 00:40:14,586 --> 00:40:15,965 Those big pieces of poo 731 00:40:15,965 --> 00:40:18,724 that you think you'll find are very hard to find. 732 00:40:18,724 --> 00:40:20,344 Not all poos are gonna fossilize. 733 00:40:20,344 --> 00:40:21,655 Certain things have to happen -- 734 00:40:21,655 --> 00:40:25,034 quick burial, the right conditions, 735 00:40:25,034 --> 00:40:28,551 and other critters have to leave it alone, which is hard 736 00:40:28,551 --> 00:40:30,862 because other animals in the environment, 737 00:40:30,862 --> 00:40:32,965 they like to eat the poo. 738 00:40:32,965 --> 00:40:35,172 They like to live in the poo. 739 00:40:35,172 --> 00:40:37,517 CAMPBELL: Case in point -- dung beetles, 740 00:40:37,517 --> 00:40:40,137 which have been around for at least 100 million years, 741 00:40:40,137 --> 00:40:44,413 rolling away turd balls and using them for food and shelter. 742 00:40:44,413 --> 00:40:46,275 Because they don't have skeletons, 743 00:40:46,275 --> 00:40:49,068 dung beetles rarely show up in the fossil record, 744 00:40:49,068 --> 00:40:50,689 but paleontologists have found 745 00:40:50,689 --> 00:40:53,655 their fossilized dung balls left behind. 746 00:40:53,655 --> 00:40:56,413 747 00:40:56,413 --> 00:40:59,931 FRANDSEN: Value for coprolites, it really depends. 748 00:40:59,931 --> 00:41:02,965 A lot of poos I spend just a few dollars on. 749 00:41:02,965 --> 00:41:04,586 Most of them are very cheap. 750 00:41:04,586 --> 00:41:09,896 $5 to $50 range you can get some exquisite poos for. 751 00:41:09,896 --> 00:41:16,310 The most I've spent on any one specimen was about $3,000. 752 00:41:16,310 --> 00:41:18,551 CAMPBELL: The biggest ones that retain 753 00:41:18,551 --> 00:41:20,758 the most poo-like characteristics 754 00:41:20,758 --> 00:41:22,551 are the most valuable. 755 00:41:22,551 --> 00:41:24,758 Any scientific details like bite marks, 756 00:41:24,758 --> 00:41:31,379 bones, and scales can turn a turd into a treasure. 757 00:41:31,379 --> 00:41:36,793 FRANDSEN: My goal is to find the largest full, 758 00:41:36,793 --> 00:41:39,862 unbroken fossilized poo in the world. 759 00:41:39,862 --> 00:41:43,620 I want it to look like a poo. I want it to be huge. 760 00:41:43,620 --> 00:41:47,413 That's my goal, and before I die, 761 00:41:47,413 --> 00:41:49,172 I want to add that to the collection. 762 00:41:49,172 --> 00:41:52,689 763 00:41:52,689 --> 00:41:54,827 In the end, whether it's ancient turds 764 00:41:54,827 --> 00:41:58,586 that rock your world or the aspirations of human flight, 765 00:41:58,586 --> 00:42:02,241 the pursuit of a dream can be as sweet as the goal itself. 766 00:42:02,241 --> 00:42:05,517 Succeed or not, there's always glory in reaching for the limit 767 00:42:05,517 --> 00:42:08,034 and pushing yourself to the edge. 56633

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