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No matter what part of
the world I'm in,
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something wants to sting me.
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Aah!
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We shouldn't be
too afraid of death.
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Yeah, I'm crazy.
Everybody's crazy.
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People just don't think
that humans should be able
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to do the things that I'm doing.
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CAMPBELL: 100 years ago,
Robert Ripley went on a quest
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to the farthest reaches
of the globe
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in search of the extraordinary
and unusual.
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Today, the adventure continues,
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searching for the world's
most bizarre,
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astonishing secrets...
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...on
"Ripley's Believe It or Not!"
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Grit, guts, and glory.
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I'm Bruce Campbell,
and these are the folks
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who push themselves
to the brink.
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For some people, that means
developing radical new skills,
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but this guy literally
is driven right to the edge.
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39-year-old Eskil Ronningsbakken
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is making his mark where
the mountains meet the sky.
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With every passing second,
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more and more blood
rushes to his brain,
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and the weight of his
full body bears down
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on his arms and shoulders...
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yet he barely flinches.
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RONNINGSBAKKEN:
I just got this inner drive,
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this inner feeling telling me
to do it, and I do it.
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[ Laughs ]
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It is also impossible for me
notto do it.
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CAMPBELL: Now, Eskil is
taking on a new challenge,
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trading in the wild landscape
for an urban peak
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10 stories high
with slick surfaces everywhere
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and the wind in his face.
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Believe it or not.
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You're so close to death
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and at the same time
living 100%.
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CAMPBELL: Yet Eskil always finds
the perfect balance...
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at least so far.
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At the top of this building,
there is no margin for error.
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If I fall, then that's the first
and the last time.
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I believe it's in our nature to
have a certain fear of heights.
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I also have this kind of fear.
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Even though it's really
frightening,
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when I get to the edge,
I just take my time.
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I make friends with the edge,
which means that I need to know
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every little piece,
every little inch of the edge
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and not fearing it any longer.
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Then, slowly by slowly,
I remove the fear.
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CAMPBELL: Eskil grew up in
the Norwegian countryside
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on a farm without a TV or a car.
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But his town was visited
by a traveling circus,
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and young Eskil
couldn't get enough.
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RONNINGSBAKKEN: The circus was
really interesting
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because it was a kind of
mini society
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with people
from all over the world.
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This kind of kicked
a bigger dream off.
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[ Cheers and applause ]
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CAMPBELL: Eskil was
especially obsessed
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with the high-wire acts,
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and by the time
he was a teenager,
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he was testing his own abilities
in the treetops.
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RONNINGSBAKKEN:
When I first started,
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my mom, first of all,
was very worried.
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She would come out after me,
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looking up to the trees,
and say, "You got to come down
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because you're gonna
fall down and die."
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And just a few steps behind,
my dad came very relaxed,
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pointed his camera at me,
and took a picture.
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[ Camera shutter clicks ]
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CAMPBELL: A single snapshot
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that would define
Eskil's whole future.
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I'm not hunting the adrenaline.
I'm hunting the picture.
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I see my thing as a kind of art.
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CAMPBELL: A professional
photographer accompanies
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Eskil on his stunts these days,
beautiful pictures that could,
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if something goes wrong,
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easily become
portraits of death.
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[ Camera shutter clicks ]
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RONNINGSBAKKEN:
I never have a harness,
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never have a net -- nothing.
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I only use my mind.
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Just before I step
onto the platform,
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I bring myself into
a state of mind
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where I strip off everything
which is no longer important.
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CAMPBELL:
Eskil normally performs
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in remote locations in privacy,
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but now he's attempting his
latest stunt in downtown Hamar.
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With crowds already forming,
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it's his most unpredictable
setting yet.
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RONNINGSBAKKEN:
It's different doing buildings
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because you have
all those sharp ends.
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There is always
a little bit of noise.
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[ Car horns honking,
siren blaring ]
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What I'm specifically afraid of
is the rig.
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Is it good enough?
Is it stable?
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What about the wind?
What about people around?
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It can be quite disturbing,
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but, of course, the biggest fear
is that I fall over the edge.
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CAMPBELL: In a city with
tall buildings,
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air squeezed through
the narrow channels below
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can cause wind acceleration.
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There are unpredictable
updrafts and downdrafts,
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any of which could put Eskil
at greater risk of falling.
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Eskil's plan is to balance
on the chairs
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for 1 minute 20 seconds,
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long enough for
everyone below to enjoy.
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But if he pushes it too far
and the winds pick up,
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this challenge
could be his last.
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RONNINGSBAKKEN: When the
stack of chairs are moving,
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I try to use it
and move with the chairs.
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If you move just a little bit
out of the center of the chairs,
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then that's fatal.
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I don't see why I should
fear death so much
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that it should keep me away
from doing what I love to do.
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I feel 100% sure
when I'm balancing.
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I love life.
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Eskil Ronningsbakken
uses strength,
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balance, and mental focus
to perform on the edge.
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Half a world away,
another performer pushes himself
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to the extreme
using nothing but raw power.
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Chris Rider is
a 21st-century version
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of an old-fashioned strongman.
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He always pushes it
into the red zone,
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never mind that one wrong move
could leave him crippled.
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But what really sets him apart
is what he does with his hair.
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[ Grunts ]
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Today, Haircules will attempt
to pull a 14-foot box truck
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weighing 14,500 pounds
using only his hair.
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Believe it or not.
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[ Car horn honks ]
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[ Heavy metal music plays ][ Grunting ]
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Anything else?
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People generally just
don't think
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that humans should be able
to do the things that I'm doing.
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Everything that you come across
is an obstacle.
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Obstacles are made to be beaten.
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How's that?
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Thank you very much.My pleasure.
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As a kid, I was always the
heavy kid in town, the fat kid.
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I saw a picture of myself
at 315 pounds,
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extremely out of shape,
and said, "No more."
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I got heavily involved
in physical culture.
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I started at 315 pounds
wearing a 54-waist jean,
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and in one year's time,
I went from 315 to 220.
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Once that transformation
happened,
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I decided I wanted to be
a big guy again,
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and then I found powerlifting.
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I was powerlifting,
getting stronger,
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and then one morning,
it happened.
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I couldn't get out of bed.
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My back was completely
locked up.
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My legs wouldn't bend.
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It was discovered through an MRI
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that I have
degenerative disc disease
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from the base of my skull
to my tailbone.
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The doctors told me,
"No more lifting."
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CAMPBELL: Unwilling to
undergo surgery,
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Chris rehabbed himself
through a program of exercise
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and physical therapies,
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but he still missed
the intensity of powerlifting.
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I would just lay awake thinking
about that drive,
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that determination,
the beating everything
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that you got to beat
within yourself
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to make the goal,
and I found that again.
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October of 2006,
my life changed forever
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when I discovered
the classic feats of strength.
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CAMPBELL: These demonstrations
of superhuman ability
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have drawn audiences
for hundreds of years,
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and Chris wasted no time
getting in the game.
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And I tore my first phone book.
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CAMPBELL:
Chris holds the world record
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for tearing phone books --
13 in 30 seconds.
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[ Cheers and applause ]
2!
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[ Accordion playing ]
8!
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Stop!
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13 phone books,
ladies and gentlemen,
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right before your
very eyes!
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CAMPBELL: When people think
of classic strongmen,
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they think of bulging muscles,
not a great head of hair,
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but hair has
long been associated
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with incredible strength,
from Samson in the Bible
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to Joe Greenstein
of 1930s New York,
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otherwise known as
the Mighty Atom.
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This vaudevillian
once secured an airplane
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to his hair with a chain,
then held the aircraft in place
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while the pilot
gunned the engine.
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00:12:07,896 --> 00:12:11,551
Another man tried this same feat
of strength a few years later.
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He died after scalping himself.
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00:12:15,517 --> 00:12:16,724
La, la, la, la,
la, la, la, la
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00:12:16,724 --> 00:12:18,413
La, di, la, la,
la, la, la, la
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I don't know that anybody's
ever seen anybody
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00:12:21,379 --> 00:12:22,724
do what he does with his hair.
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00:12:22,724 --> 00:12:23,793
La, la, la, la
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00:12:23,793 --> 00:12:25,344
La, di, la, la, la
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JENNIFER: The doctors say,
"There's absolutely no way
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you're gonna be able
to do this."
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00:12:28,620 --> 00:12:30,137
He does it anyway.
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My fear is he could
make a mistake
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and injure himself
and be crippled for life.
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00:12:35,068 --> 00:12:36,379
Okay, you're ready.
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00:12:36,379 --> 00:12:37,586
Okay.
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00:12:41,896 --> 00:12:45,517
CAMPBELL: In spite of his
degenerative disc disease,
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Chris will attempt to pull
a 14,500-pound box truck
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00:12:50,000 --> 00:12:51,586
with his hair.
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00:12:55,896 --> 00:12:58,448
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Chris Rider, a.k.a. Haircules,
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00:13:01,448 --> 00:13:04,586
is addicted to performing
feats of strength.
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00:13:04,586 --> 00:13:06,689
So even though he's battling
a spinal condition
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00:13:06,689 --> 00:13:10,172
that could leave him crippled,
he's determined to move a truck
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00:13:10,172 --> 00:13:12,448
weighing as much as
two elephants
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relying on the power
of his hair.
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00:13:15,620 --> 00:13:20,758
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00:13:20,758 --> 00:13:22,517
CHRIS: Today,
I will be attempting
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00:13:22,517 --> 00:13:24,310
to pull a 14-foot box truck,
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00:13:24,310 --> 00:13:26,862
which is heavier than anything
I've pulled before.
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[ Indistinct chatter ]
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00:13:31,206 --> 00:13:32,482
Jason, come on.
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00:13:34,275 --> 00:13:36,620
NEIDERER: Every time
he pulls a vehicle,
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something in his brain
doesn't let him stop.
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He just feels and knows
that he can do something,
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even though the rest of the
world may think that he can't.
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[ Exhales ] Yeah.
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00:13:48,551 --> 00:13:52,379
Alright,
so I'm gonna hook up.
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00:13:52,379 --> 00:13:53,758
Hands will go out
to the sides.
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00:13:53,758 --> 00:13:56,655
NEIDERER: Thumbs up?When I thumbs up is...
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00:13:56,655 --> 00:13:58,551
Foot off the brake....time to go.
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00:13:58,551 --> 00:14:04,448
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00:14:04,448 --> 00:14:07,379
CAMPBELL: To succeed,
Haircules has to pull this truck
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00:14:07,379 --> 00:14:12,896
from a standing start
and continue for 50 feet.
259
00:14:12,896 --> 00:14:16,896
The typical human head
has about 100,000 hairs,
260
00:14:16,896 --> 00:14:20,931
and each one of those hairs is
strong enough to hold 100 grams,
261
00:14:20,931 --> 00:14:23,448
about the weight
of a bar of soap.
262
00:14:23,448 --> 00:14:25,586
Braided together,
all that hair is as strong
263
00:14:25,586 --> 00:14:28,344
as a 1/2-inch-thick
steel cable,
264
00:14:28,344 --> 00:14:33,034
the same cable contractors use
for suspension bridges.
265
00:14:33,034 --> 00:14:35,000
But the strength
of his hair alone
266
00:14:35,000 --> 00:14:37,620
is only part of the concern.
267
00:14:37,620 --> 00:14:39,655
CHRIS: My biggest concern
pulling this truck is
268
00:14:39,655 --> 00:14:43,689
pulling so hard that
I black out and fall over.
269
00:14:43,689 --> 00:14:52,068
270
00:14:52,068 --> 00:14:53,931
[ Grunts ]
271
00:14:53,931 --> 00:14:56,068
[ Crowd cheering ]
272
00:14:57,689 --> 00:14:59,448
[ Grunting ] Yeah!
273
00:14:59,448 --> 00:15:01,241
274
00:15:01,241 --> 00:15:02,862
MAN:
You're on a roll, baby!
275
00:15:02,862 --> 00:15:04,793
You're on a roll, baby!
276
00:15:04,793 --> 00:15:06,758
[ Truck horn honks ]
277
00:15:06,758 --> 00:15:09,862
278
00:15:09,862 --> 00:15:11,793
MAN #2:
Keep going.
279
00:15:11,793 --> 00:15:13,000
Go!
280
00:15:13,000 --> 00:15:14,931
[ Cheering continues ]
281
00:15:14,931 --> 00:15:22,103
282
00:15:22,103 --> 00:15:24,172
[ Cheers and applause ]
283
00:15:25,551 --> 00:15:27,310
[ Exhales ]
284
00:15:27,310 --> 00:15:30,034
CHRIS: I think the
box-truck pull went very well.
285
00:15:30,034 --> 00:15:32,517
I pulled it for a long distance,
286
00:15:32,517 --> 00:15:34,965
and I'm just having
a great time doing what I love.
287
00:15:34,965 --> 00:15:40,896
288
00:15:40,896 --> 00:15:44,137
As Haircules knows well,
sometimes you have to endure
289
00:15:44,137 --> 00:15:46,206
a little pain
in the name of glory.
290
00:15:46,206 --> 00:15:47,724
I know pain.
291
00:15:47,724 --> 00:15:49,241
Pain is a friend of mine.
292
00:15:49,241 --> 00:15:51,586
But for a few bugged-out guys
on stinger watch,
293
00:15:51,586 --> 00:15:54,034
pain is their
best freaking friend.
294
00:15:54,034 --> 00:15:59,241
295
00:15:59,241 --> 00:16:03,793
Most people do their best
to avoid stinging bugs,
296
00:16:03,793 --> 00:16:06,344
but Justin Schmidt entered
the hornet's nest
297
00:16:06,344 --> 00:16:09,034
on a brave
and excruciating mission.
298
00:16:09,034 --> 00:16:16,965
299
00:16:16,965 --> 00:16:25,000
300
00:16:25,000 --> 00:16:28,103
40 years ago, Schmidt,
an entomologist,
301
00:16:28,103 --> 00:16:30,172
set out to do the unthinkable --
302
00:16:30,172 --> 00:16:33,827
get bit by every stinging insect
on the planet
303
00:16:33,827 --> 00:16:35,551
and document the aftermath.
304
00:16:35,551 --> 00:16:37,931
305
00:16:37,931 --> 00:16:40,620
His resulting work,
known as the Schmidt Pain Index,
306
00:16:40,620 --> 00:16:44,862
became a fascinating
scientific treatise.
307
00:16:44,862 --> 00:16:47,275
Now it's getting new attention
308
00:16:47,275 --> 00:16:49,517
from outdoor adventurer
Rob Alleva...
309
00:16:49,517 --> 00:16:51,724
Big freaking centipede --
amazing.
310
00:16:51,724 --> 00:16:53,655
CAMPBELL: ...who intends
to use the index
311
00:16:53,655 --> 00:16:57,000
as a road map
from sting to sting.
312
00:16:57,000 --> 00:16:58,758
That is electric!
313
00:16:58,758 --> 00:17:00,965
CAMPBELL: Rob loves
to test science...
314
00:17:00,965 --> 00:17:02,275
Oh, boy. Here we go.
315
00:17:02,275 --> 00:17:03,551
CAMPBELL:
...even at its most painful.
316
00:17:03,551 --> 00:17:04,448
Aah!
317
00:17:04,448 --> 00:17:05,620
Okay, it hurts.
[Bleep]!
318
00:17:05,620 --> 00:17:06,965
Oh, [bleep]!
319
00:17:06,965 --> 00:17:11,034
CAMPBELL: The Schmidt Pain Index
says this tarantula hawk
320
00:17:11,034 --> 00:17:13,827
is the worst sting
in North America.
321
00:17:13,827 --> 00:17:17,103
Today, Rob will find out
if that's true.
322
00:17:17,103 --> 00:17:19,137
[ Screams ]
323
00:17:19,137 --> 00:17:22,172
Believe it or not.
324
00:17:22,172 --> 00:17:26,724
325
00:17:26,724 --> 00:17:30,517
The desert outside Tucson,
Arizona, is full of insects,
326
00:17:30,517 --> 00:17:33,379
over 50 different types
of hymenoptera --
327
00:17:33,379 --> 00:17:36,655
wasps, bees, and ants,
328
00:17:36,655 --> 00:17:40,344
the perfect home base
for Justin Schmidt.
329
00:17:40,344 --> 00:17:42,137
Good morning, my lady.
330
00:17:43,310 --> 00:17:45,931
The insects are so beautiful
and so charismatic,
331
00:17:45,931 --> 00:17:49,275
and it's just such fascinating,
wonderful behaviors.
332
00:17:49,275 --> 00:17:52,482
And what could be
more fascinating than a sting?
333
00:17:52,482 --> 00:17:57,758
334
00:17:57,758 --> 00:18:01,827
A sting is basically nature's
hypodermic syringe,
335
00:18:01,827 --> 00:18:03,172
which puts the goodies in.
336
00:18:03,172 --> 00:18:04,931
[ Insects buzzing ]
337
00:18:04,931 --> 00:18:06,827
CAMPBELL: Starting in 1969,
338
00:18:06,827 --> 00:18:09,793
Justin volunteered
to play pincushion.
339
00:18:09,793 --> 00:18:14,310
Over 1,500 stings later,
he's got close to 100 species
340
00:18:14,310 --> 00:18:17,172
catalogued in
the Schmidt pain scale,
341
00:18:17,172 --> 00:18:21,689
which ranks insect stings on
a pain spectrum from 1 to 4.
342
00:18:23,206 --> 00:18:26,275
Most of us have felt
a 1 or even a 2,
343
00:18:26,275 --> 00:18:29,965
but very few of us
have experienced a 4.
344
00:18:29,965 --> 00:18:34,172
And a 4 is just excruciating,
electrifyingly debilitating.
345
00:18:34,172 --> 00:18:35,379
It just shuts you down.
346
00:18:35,379 --> 00:18:37,620
4 is a tarantula hawk wasp.
347
00:18:37,620 --> 00:18:39,862
They're like an absolute
bolt of lightning.
348
00:18:39,862 --> 00:18:41,448
[ Thunder crashes ]
349
00:18:41,448 --> 00:18:43,793
I don't like the sting.
I'd rather not have it.
350
00:18:43,793 --> 00:18:45,931
But I like the result
that I get,
351
00:18:45,931 --> 00:18:49,068
you know, some data
and some useful information.
352
00:18:49,068 --> 00:18:50,965
CAMPBELL: Build a pain scale,
353
00:18:50,965 --> 00:18:54,172
and people will come,
looking to test their nerve...
354
00:18:54,172 --> 00:18:56,206
Not that baaaaad!
Okay, I'm kidding.
355
00:18:56,206 --> 00:18:57,896
CAMPBELL:
...or to just experience
356
00:18:57,896 --> 00:18:59,586
the worst nature has to offer.
357
00:18:59,586 --> 00:19:01,310
Oh, man. That stings.
[ Laughs ]
358
00:19:03,068 --> 00:19:04,896
CAMPBELL: Enter Rob Alleva.
359
00:19:04,896 --> 00:19:12,241
360
00:19:12,241 --> 00:19:14,482
Today, he's after
a category-4 sting
361
00:19:14,482 --> 00:19:16,655
from a tarantula hawk wasp,
362
00:19:16,655 --> 00:19:22,724
a creature so fierce
it eats tarantulas for lunch.
363
00:19:22,724 --> 00:19:24,724
One of the largest wasps
in the world,
364
00:19:24,724 --> 00:19:28,965
the tarantula hawk has a stinger
up to 7 millimeters long,
365
00:19:28,965 --> 00:19:31,482
delivering a dose
of painful venom,
366
00:19:31,482 --> 00:19:36,517
a sting so painful this wasp
has no natural predators,
367
00:19:36,517 --> 00:19:39,620
and Rob Alleva is about
to find out why.
368
00:19:39,620 --> 00:19:42,206
369
00:19:42,206 --> 00:19:44,896
This insect is at the top
of the Schmidt pain scale
370
00:19:44,896 --> 00:19:46,172
with a number 4.
371
00:19:46,172 --> 00:19:48,551
But I've been bitten
by rattlesnakes.
372
00:19:48,551 --> 00:19:51,965
I've been stung from everything
from honeybees to velvet ants.
373
00:19:51,965 --> 00:19:53,310
But I want to see
if this deserves
374
00:19:53,310 --> 00:19:55,724
the reputation that it has.
375
00:19:55,724 --> 00:19:58,758
I'm going to pick a spot
on my forearm
376
00:19:58,758 --> 00:20:01,793
and have it sting me,
which is terrifying.
377
00:20:04,413 --> 00:20:08,000
And if you try to say, "Oh,
I'm tough. I'm macho," wrong.
378
00:20:08,000 --> 00:20:11,310
You can't overcome the pain.
379
00:20:11,310 --> 00:20:13,965
ALLEVA: Oh, I can see
the stinger.
380
00:20:13,965 --> 00:20:15,586
He's ready to sting.
381
00:20:15,586 --> 00:20:19,344
382
00:20:19,344 --> 00:20:21,172
RICHARDS:
Why can't people change,
383
00:20:21,172 --> 00:20:22,517
be whatever they want to be?
384
00:20:22,517 --> 00:20:24,586
Yeah, I'm crazy.
Everybody's crazy.
385
00:20:25,655 --> 00:20:26,827
[ Engine revs ]
386
00:20:26,827 --> 00:20:30,172
And in the white snow was
blood everywhere.
387
00:20:30,172 --> 00:20:31,793
Seven months after
my injury happened,
388
00:20:31,793 --> 00:20:33,620
I was racing supercross.
389
00:20:33,620 --> 00:20:36,413
390
00:20:38,896 --> 00:20:42,448
391
00:20:42,448 --> 00:20:46,137
Justin Schmidt created
a pain scale of insect stings
392
00:20:46,137 --> 00:20:49,586
so people would know which bugs
to avoid like the plague.
393
00:20:49,586 --> 00:20:50,758
He never imagined anyone
394
00:20:50,758 --> 00:20:54,103
would actually replicate
his agony for fun.
395
00:20:54,103 --> 00:20:56,344
396
00:20:56,344 --> 00:20:59,482
Rob Alleva is about
to face a full 4
397
00:20:59,482 --> 00:21:01,482
on the Schmidt pain scale,
398
00:21:01,482 --> 00:21:04,379
the most agonizing sting
in North America --
399
00:21:04,379 --> 00:21:07,103
the tarantula hawk wasp.
400
00:21:07,103 --> 00:21:10,103
We're gonna find out if it
lives up to its reputation.
401
00:21:11,724 --> 00:21:13,551
He's ready to sting.
402
00:21:13,551 --> 00:21:16,310
I tell people when they get
stung by a tarantula hawk
403
00:21:16,310 --> 00:21:18,896
to lay down and scream
because that's a 4,
404
00:21:18,896 --> 00:21:21,793
and a 4 is just
excruciating, electrifying.
405
00:21:21,793 --> 00:21:23,448
It just shuts you down.
406
00:21:25,137 --> 00:21:28,275
ALLEVA: Here we go,
sting level number 4.
407
00:21:28,275 --> 00:21:30,000
Oh, I can see the stinger.
408
00:21:31,965 --> 00:21:34,620
[ Screams ]
409
00:21:34,620 --> 00:21:37,068
[ Inhales sharply ]
410
00:21:37,068 --> 00:21:38,551
[ Groans ]
411
00:21:38,551 --> 00:21:39,965
[ Exhales ]
412
00:21:39,965 --> 00:21:41,896
[ Groans ]
413
00:21:41,896 --> 00:21:43,862
[ Grunts ]
414
00:21:43,862 --> 00:21:45,827
[ Exhales sharply, grunts ]
415
00:21:45,827 --> 00:21:47,655
I've been bitten and stung
by a lot of animals,
416
00:21:47,655 --> 00:21:50,827
but this one --
this one's really high up there.
417
00:21:50,827 --> 00:21:52,758
[ Exhales ]
418
00:21:52,758 --> 00:21:54,655
Sorry.
I can barely talk right now.
419
00:21:54,655 --> 00:21:56,172
[ Exhales ]
420
00:21:56,172 --> 00:21:57,965
[ Groans ]
421
00:21:57,965 --> 00:21:59,413
Whoa.
422
00:21:59,413 --> 00:22:02,172
Whoa, it just --
it just receded.
423
00:22:02,172 --> 00:22:03,862
[ Exhales ] Wow.
424
00:22:03,862 --> 00:22:05,931
Was the most painful sting
I've ever had.
425
00:22:05,931 --> 00:22:07,724
It felt like fire.
426
00:22:07,724 --> 00:22:09,931
It literally felt like
I was being burned.
427
00:22:09,931 --> 00:22:11,896
I don't think I'll be tangling
with any tarantula hawks
428
00:22:11,896 --> 00:22:13,689
again anytime soon.
429
00:22:13,689 --> 00:22:15,137
Respect for that animal.
430
00:22:15,137 --> 00:22:18,620
431
00:22:18,620 --> 00:22:22,241
Rob and Justin sought out
pain for posterity.
432
00:22:22,241 --> 00:22:24,448
For another man
on a personal quest,
433
00:22:24,448 --> 00:22:27,068
pain is all about
transformation.
434
00:22:27,068 --> 00:22:29,793
435
00:22:29,793 --> 00:22:31,758
[ Birds squawking ]
436
00:22:31,758 --> 00:22:40,344
437
00:22:40,344 --> 00:22:43,275
Ted Richards loves
his birds so much,
438
00:22:43,275 --> 00:22:45,413
they've taken
over his whole life.
439
00:22:53,310 --> 00:22:55,241
He's even changed his name.
440
00:23:12,931 --> 00:23:17,931
441
00:23:17,931 --> 00:23:20,413
Now Ted is raising the stakes.
442
00:23:20,413 --> 00:23:22,482
To really become a parrot...
443
00:23:22,482 --> 00:23:25,034
he needs to take to the air.
444
00:23:29,379 --> 00:23:32,137
But will this bird fly?
445
00:23:32,137 --> 00:23:40,793
446
00:23:40,793 --> 00:23:42,206
Eight years ago,
447
00:23:42,206 --> 00:23:46,241
Ted started transforming
his house into a birdcage
448
00:23:46,241 --> 00:23:48,896
where he and dozens of birds
live together.
449
00:23:48,896 --> 00:23:50,551
He even eats the same food...
450
00:23:51,448 --> 00:23:53,448
... as his feathered flatmates.
451
00:24:00,931 --> 00:24:03,586
Now, lots of people
are devoted to their pets.
452
00:24:11,137 --> 00:24:12,793
[ Laughs ]
453
00:24:12,793 --> 00:24:15,172
CAMPBELL: But Ted doesn't just
want to be with them...
454
00:24:16,551 --> 00:24:19,172
...he wants to bethem.
455
00:24:20,620 --> 00:24:22,068
And then one day...
456
00:24:30,034 --> 00:24:31,137
[ Squawks ]
457
00:24:31,137 --> 00:24:32,758
But it doesn't stop there.
458
00:24:35,206 --> 00:24:37,206
He's also colored his eyes.
459
00:24:51,413 --> 00:24:54,344
Tattooing the eyes requires
injecting ink
460
00:24:54,344 --> 00:24:57,724
into a very thin layer of skin
covering the sclera,
461
00:24:57,724 --> 00:24:59,758
which is extremely risky.
462
00:25:10,724 --> 00:25:14,517
There's nothing he won't do
to look more like his birds.
463
00:25:21,517 --> 00:25:23,551
By removing the outer ear flap,
464
00:25:23,551 --> 00:25:27,034
which helps funnel sound
into the ear canal,
465
00:25:27,034 --> 00:25:29,310
Ted has impaired his hearing.
466
00:25:43,827 --> 00:25:45,172
[ Parrots squawking ]
467
00:25:50,310 --> 00:25:54,344
Ted is unique, to say the least,
but he's not alone.
468
00:25:55,655 --> 00:25:57,413
In the early 1900s,
Horace Ridler
469
00:25:57,413 --> 00:25:59,206
was a military officer
470
00:25:59,206 --> 00:26:02,068
who covered his body
in zebra stripes.
471
00:26:03,758 --> 00:26:06,586
Species dysphoria is
a condition in which a person
472
00:26:06,586 --> 00:26:09,655
thinks of him-or-herself
as an animal
473
00:26:09,655 --> 00:26:12,689
accidentally born into
a human body.
474
00:26:12,689 --> 00:26:15,862
Plenty of people have modified
their appearance
475
00:26:15,862 --> 00:26:17,586
to correct the mistake.
476
00:26:24,827 --> 00:26:27,448
But to truly complete
his transformation,
477
00:26:27,448 --> 00:26:31,379
there's one last thing
Parrotman needs to do...
478
00:26:31,379 --> 00:26:32,482
Fly.
479
00:26:32,482 --> 00:26:34,896
480
00:26:34,896 --> 00:26:39,241
He's traveled to a quarry
where a zip line 230-feet-up,
481
00:26:39,241 --> 00:26:43,172
2,300-feet-long
traverses a reservoir.
482
00:26:43,172 --> 00:26:45,344
It's time for Ted
to spread his wings,
483
00:26:45,344 --> 00:26:47,137
but will he take the leap
484
00:26:47,137 --> 00:26:49,517
or will this
parrot man chicken out?
485
00:27:00,793 --> 00:27:04,000
MIKE: I hit a hole at about
35 mile an hour.
486
00:27:04,000 --> 00:27:06,310
Most intense pain
I've ever had up to that point.
487
00:27:06,310 --> 00:27:07,482
He was dying.
488
00:27:08,862 --> 00:27:10,517
FRANDSEN:
I have a passion for it.
489
00:27:10,517 --> 00:27:13,413
If you want to know what our
prehistoric world looked like,
490
00:27:13,413 --> 00:27:15,172
you need to look at poo.
491
00:27:15,172 --> 00:27:17,793
492
00:27:26,413 --> 00:27:30,344
493
00:27:30,344 --> 00:27:32,758
Ted Richards spent years
transitioning
494
00:27:32,758 --> 00:27:37,517
from mild-mannered bird-keeper
to fully fledged parrot,
495
00:27:37,517 --> 00:27:40,896
but he won't really feel like
a bird until he can soar.
496
00:27:40,896 --> 00:27:43,793
497
00:27:43,793 --> 00:27:45,724
[ Birds chirping ]
498
00:28:01,689 --> 00:28:03,068
RICHARDS: Then the helmet?WOMAN: Yep.
499
00:28:03,068 --> 00:28:04,448
Alright. This one?
500
00:28:04,448 --> 00:28:05,655
Perfect.
501
00:28:11,689 --> 00:28:20,758
502
00:28:20,758 --> 00:28:21,827
Whoo!
503
00:28:21,827 --> 00:28:23,482
Yeah! I love it.
504
00:28:23,482 --> 00:28:25,379
I love it, I love it,
I love it, I love it.
505
00:28:25,379 --> 00:28:29,206
Whoo-hoo-hoo-hoo!
Whoo-hoo!
506
00:28:29,206 --> 00:28:30,655
Flying like a bird!
507
00:28:45,758 --> 00:28:52,275
508
00:28:52,275 --> 00:28:55,172
Ted Richards went from
man to bird.
509
00:28:55,172 --> 00:28:58,931
This person went from
man to machine.
510
00:28:58,931 --> 00:29:01,413
[ Engine revs ]
511
00:29:01,413 --> 00:29:06,655
When it came to extreme sports,
Mike Schultz was a natural
512
00:29:06,655 --> 00:29:08,793
until everything
came crashing down.
513
00:29:08,793 --> 00:29:17,344
514
00:29:17,344 --> 00:29:20,448
Now, with no training
and no help,
515
00:29:20,448 --> 00:29:22,931
he's determined
to get back in the game
516
00:29:22,931 --> 00:29:26,137
by re-fashioning bike parts
into his own leg.
517
00:29:26,137 --> 00:29:27,206
[ Engine revs ]
518
00:29:27,206 --> 00:29:30,068
Believe it or not.
519
00:29:30,068 --> 00:29:36,206
520
00:29:36,206 --> 00:29:40,034
In the summer of 2008,
I was on top of my game.
521
00:29:40,034 --> 00:29:42,620
522
00:29:42,620 --> 00:29:45,793
I had a lot of new things
going on coming into the season,
523
00:29:45,793 --> 00:29:48,655
just signed
with a new race team.
524
00:29:48,655 --> 00:29:51,034
I was banging bars with the
best of the best in the world
525
00:29:51,034 --> 00:29:53,068
and living my dream.
526
00:29:53,068 --> 00:29:55,482
It was pretty awesome.
527
00:29:55,482 --> 00:29:57,862
CAMPBELL: That is,
until the second race
528
00:29:57,862 --> 00:29:59,275
of the snowcross season.
529
00:29:59,275 --> 00:30:01,275
MALE ANNOUNCER:
They're off and out.
530
00:30:01,275 --> 00:30:03,344
[ Engines revving ]
531
00:30:05,758 --> 00:30:08,689
MIKE: I hit a hole coming down a
really rough section.
532
00:30:08,689 --> 00:30:11,827
Then I got thrown
from my machine
533
00:30:11,827 --> 00:30:15,379
at about 35 mile an hour, so...
534
00:30:15,379 --> 00:30:17,344
I landed feet first,
535
00:30:17,344 --> 00:30:20,931
and on impact,
my left knee buckled 180°,
536
00:30:20,931 --> 00:30:26,758
and instantly, most intense pain
I've ever had up to that point.
537
00:30:26,758 --> 00:30:30,275
And in the white snow was
blood everywhere.
538
00:30:31,448 --> 00:30:34,172
CAMPBELL: Mike suffered
a compound fracture,
539
00:30:34,172 --> 00:30:36,344
severing an artery
in the process.
540
00:30:36,344 --> 00:30:38,241
He was going into shock.
541
00:30:38,241 --> 00:30:40,172
CAMPBELL:
With a storm approaching,
542
00:30:40,172 --> 00:30:43,482
EMTs can't airlift Mike
to the nearest hospital.
543
00:30:43,482 --> 00:30:45,137
They'll have to drive
2 1/2 hours
544
00:30:45,137 --> 00:30:47,655
and hope Mike can hang on.
545
00:30:47,655 --> 00:30:49,827
It's touch and go.
546
00:30:49,827 --> 00:30:52,517
This leg injury was killing him.
547
00:30:52,517 --> 00:30:55,758
CAMPBELL: They make it
to the hospital, barely.
548
00:30:55,758 --> 00:30:59,000
549
00:30:59,000 --> 00:31:03,034
The only hope to save Mike's
life is to amputate the leg.
550
00:31:03,034 --> 00:31:06,482
551
00:31:06,482 --> 00:31:08,310
MIKE: After I got home
from the hospital
552
00:31:08,310 --> 00:31:11,137
and kind of recovered
physically enough
553
00:31:11,137 --> 00:31:14,137
to where I was stable
and could think straight again,
554
00:31:14,137 --> 00:31:15,896
I kind of accepted the fact
555
00:31:15,896 --> 00:31:19,275
that I wasn't gonna be racing
or competing anymore.
556
00:31:19,275 --> 00:31:22,206
CAMPBELL: But then in
the spring of 2009,
557
00:31:22,206 --> 00:31:24,241
he receives
an unexpected invitation
558
00:31:24,241 --> 00:31:27,620
to participate in a race
for adaptive athletes
559
00:31:27,620 --> 00:31:29,896
at the X Games.
560
00:31:29,896 --> 00:31:34,068
Whatever excitement Mike's
feeling is soon dashed.
561
00:31:34,068 --> 00:31:36,379
He discovers that there isn't
a single prosthetic
562
00:31:36,379 --> 00:31:39,896
on the market
that can handle extreme sports.
563
00:31:39,896 --> 00:31:42,034
When you're riding,
the majority of the time,
564
00:31:42,034 --> 00:31:45,068
we're standing up on the
dirt bike and the snowmobile.
565
00:31:45,068 --> 00:31:48,310
I need to be able to absorb
those big jumps and bumps,
566
00:31:48,310 --> 00:31:51,620
and if I were to use
my everyday prosthetic leg,
567
00:31:51,620 --> 00:31:53,689
it would just buckle
under impact,
568
00:31:53,689 --> 00:31:56,655
or I'd have to sit down
the whole time while I'm riding,
569
00:31:56,655 --> 00:31:58,689
and, yeah,
that's not gonna work.
570
00:31:58,689 --> 00:32:00,896
CAMPBELL: The human leg
absorbs impact
571
00:32:00,896 --> 00:32:04,206
by transferring the force
to muscles and tendons,
572
00:32:04,206 --> 00:32:06,827
which contract
in the opposite direction.
573
00:32:06,827 --> 00:32:10,586
This extends the time of
impulse, softening the impact,
574
00:32:10,586 --> 00:32:14,275
but a prosthetic one
doesn't exist...
575
00:32:14,275 --> 00:32:18,413
at least not yet.
576
00:32:18,413 --> 00:32:22,413
MIKE: So I went to the shop
and started designing my own.
577
00:32:22,413 --> 00:32:26,206
I used my 9th-grade
drafting class experience.
578
00:32:26,206 --> 00:32:28,793
I had pages and pages
of drawings.
579
00:32:30,689 --> 00:32:34,310
CAMPBELL: No formal training,
no R&D department,
580
00:32:34,310 --> 00:32:37,068
just one man driven
to reclaim his life.
581
00:32:38,206 --> 00:32:39,482
[ Engine revs ]
582
00:32:39,482 --> 00:32:41,517
But will it get him back
in the race?
583
00:32:41,517 --> 00:32:45,103
584
00:32:47,965 --> 00:32:51,310
585
00:32:51,310 --> 00:32:54,206
In the winter of 2008,
extreme-sports athlete
586
00:32:54,206 --> 00:32:57,482
Mike Schultz is involved in one
of the most gruesome crashes
587
00:32:57,482 --> 00:32:59,793
snowcross fans
have ever witnessed.
588
00:32:59,793 --> 00:33:03,241
He lost his leg from above
the knee down,
589
00:33:03,241 --> 00:33:05,034
but not his will to compete.
590
00:33:05,034 --> 00:33:10,448
591
00:33:10,448 --> 00:33:11,896
MIKE: Prosthetic leg
I was designing
592
00:33:11,896 --> 00:33:14,931
was trying to recreate
my quadricep muscles
593
00:33:14,931 --> 00:33:17,517
to absorb the shock
from those big jumps.
594
00:33:17,517 --> 00:33:19,620
The main challenge
of creating it was
595
00:33:19,620 --> 00:33:23,241
basically trying to achieve
the full range of motion.
596
00:33:23,241 --> 00:33:25,655
[ Engine revs ]
597
00:33:25,655 --> 00:33:28,586
CAMPBELL: Now to find out if
his homemade bionic knee
598
00:33:28,586 --> 00:33:30,448
will hold up.
599
00:33:31,793 --> 00:33:33,689
My hands were just shaking
'cause, like,
600
00:33:33,689 --> 00:33:35,689
this is gonna get me
back into riding.
601
00:33:37,862 --> 00:33:43,551
When I went for that first ride,
it was an unbelievable feeling.
602
00:33:43,551 --> 00:33:47,379
Man, I was standing up
on both foot pegs.
603
00:33:47,379 --> 00:33:49,655
I felt normal again.
604
00:33:49,655 --> 00:33:56,620
605
00:33:56,620 --> 00:34:03,551
606
00:34:03,551 --> 00:34:05,275
Seven months after
my injury happened,
607
00:34:05,275 --> 00:34:09,000
I was racing supercross
in Los Angeles
608
00:34:09,000 --> 00:34:11,068
on the gnarliest racecourse
609
00:34:11,068 --> 00:34:12,896
I've ever ridden
in my entire life.
610
00:34:12,896 --> 00:34:14,793
It scared the hell out of me.
[ Chuckles ]
611
00:34:14,793 --> 00:34:18,172
But I, you know, I stuck to it,
and I pushed myself,
612
00:34:18,172 --> 00:34:19,965
and I brought home
a silver medal.
613
00:34:19,965 --> 00:34:22,862
614
00:34:22,862 --> 00:34:24,551
If you have something taken away
from you
615
00:34:24,551 --> 00:34:28,758
and you're not ready for it
and you think you've lost it,
616
00:34:28,758 --> 00:34:33,275
and then to have it back
in your grasp again,
617
00:34:33,275 --> 00:34:35,551
that's an incredibly
powerful feeling,
618
00:34:35,551 --> 00:34:39,000
and it just opens up
your world again,
619
00:34:39,000 --> 00:34:42,620
and from that point on,
I haven't let off the throttle.
620
00:34:42,620 --> 00:34:44,965
CAMPBELL:
Mike goes on to win medals
621
00:34:44,965 --> 00:34:47,310
in snowcross and moto-X racing,
622
00:34:47,310 --> 00:34:49,931
the most decorated
adaptive athlete
623
00:34:49,931 --> 00:34:53,103
in X Games history.
624
00:34:53,103 --> 00:34:56,827
Part man, part machine,
total stud.
625
00:34:56,827 --> 00:35:00,689
626
00:35:00,689 --> 00:35:04,448
For some people, glory means
crossing the finish line first.
627
00:35:04,448 --> 00:35:06,103
For one man in Florida,
628
00:35:06,103 --> 00:35:08,413
it's all about getting his hands
on the rarest...
629
00:35:09,379 --> 00:35:11,896
poop in the world.
630
00:35:11,896 --> 00:35:17,827
631
00:35:17,827 --> 00:35:23,689
632
00:35:23,689 --> 00:35:26,862
If there was such a thing
as king of feces,
633
00:35:26,862 --> 00:35:29,413
George Frandsen
would wear the crown.
634
00:35:29,413 --> 00:35:32,172
I'm definitely
a poop collector.
635
00:35:32,172 --> 00:35:34,586
But not fresh poop.
636
00:35:34,586 --> 00:35:36,896
CAMPBELL:
George collects some of
637
00:35:36,896 --> 00:35:38,758
the oldest turds in the world,
638
00:35:38,758 --> 00:35:41,241
fossilized millions
of years ago.
639
00:35:41,241 --> 00:35:44,482
George's collection is prolific.
640
00:35:44,482 --> 00:35:46,758
CAMPBELL: But he's
not nearly satisfied.
641
00:35:46,758 --> 00:35:52,413
My goal is to find the largest
fossilized poo in the world.
642
00:35:52,413 --> 00:35:54,758
CAMPBELL:
Believe it or not.
643
00:35:54,758 --> 00:35:58,965
644
00:35:58,965 --> 00:36:01,862
FRANDSEN: I've collected
coprolites since I was 18.
645
00:36:01,862 --> 00:36:05,034
My first piece was purchased
from a rock shop in Moab, Utah.
646
00:36:05,034 --> 00:36:07,310
It looks like a cat poo,
647
00:36:07,310 --> 00:36:10,586
and it said,
"Fossilized dino poo," on it.
648
00:36:10,586 --> 00:36:12,103
I just thought that was the most
incredible thing
649
00:36:12,103 --> 00:36:14,275
I've ever heard of or seen,
650
00:36:14,275 --> 00:36:16,931
so I would go hunting
for fossilized poo.
651
00:36:16,931 --> 00:36:18,862
I have a passion for it.
652
00:36:18,862 --> 00:36:21,793
CAMPBELL: When droppings
are covered in mud,
653
00:36:21,793 --> 00:36:25,655
a mineral transfer occurs,
fossilizing them.
654
00:36:25,655 --> 00:36:28,862
Millions of years later,
it's no longer actual poop
655
00:36:28,862 --> 00:36:33,862
but rather an all-mineral-based
replacement known as coprolite.
656
00:36:33,862 --> 00:36:37,103
The oldest human coprolite
is from a Neanderthal,
657
00:36:37,103 --> 00:36:39,655
previously thought
to be strict carnivores.
658
00:36:39,655 --> 00:36:43,931
Turns out, they actually
ate plenty of vegetables.
659
00:36:43,931 --> 00:36:47,482
FRANDSEN: I love it because what
it tells about history.
660
00:36:47,482 --> 00:36:50,655
If you want to know what our
prehistoric world looked like,
661
00:36:50,655 --> 00:36:53,862
you need to look at poo.
662
00:36:53,862 --> 00:36:56,689
Fossilized poo, it can tell us
about behaviors of dinosaurs
663
00:36:56,689 --> 00:36:57,965
that we didn't know.
664
00:36:57,965 --> 00:37:00,620
In each piece, you can tell
maybe what it ate.
665
00:37:00,620 --> 00:37:02,793
Are there bones in there?
Are there scales in there?
666
00:37:02,793 --> 00:37:07,655
That will indicate more
information about our history,
667
00:37:07,655 --> 00:37:12,068
and I think
that's important to collect.
668
00:37:12,068 --> 00:37:13,793
So what I thought would be
a great idea
669
00:37:13,793 --> 00:37:16,655
is to build a database,
a resource center.
670
00:37:16,655 --> 00:37:19,482
I ended up calling it
the Poozeum,
671
00:37:19,482 --> 00:37:21,965
an online resource center
where people could come
672
00:37:21,965 --> 00:37:24,931
and do comparative analysis
with coprolites they have found,
673
00:37:24,931 --> 00:37:27,517
and they could see ones
from my collection.
674
00:37:27,517 --> 00:37:30,310
They could find research papers.
They could play games.
675
00:37:30,310 --> 00:37:33,172
It's the hub of all things
fossilized poo.
676
00:37:33,172 --> 00:37:36,344
677
00:37:36,344 --> 00:37:39,034
Prior to my collection
and the Poozeum,
678
00:37:39,034 --> 00:37:40,586
nobody was collecting poo,
679
00:37:40,586 --> 00:37:43,310
and I had a passion for it,
so I went for it.
680
00:37:43,310 --> 00:37:47,137
CAMPBELL: The Poozeum,
as his house is now known,
681
00:37:47,137 --> 00:37:49,413
contains over 10,000 samples
682
00:37:49,413 --> 00:37:53,275
with an estimated value
of over $100,000.
683
00:37:53,275 --> 00:37:55,551
FRANDSEN:
The collection is so vast,
684
00:37:55,551 --> 00:37:57,620
it's stored in several
different places.
685
00:37:57,620 --> 00:37:59,896
The very expensive ones
are stored
686
00:37:59,896 --> 00:38:05,586
in a environmentally controlled
safe that only I have access to,
687
00:38:05,586 --> 00:38:09,103
and it keeps growing
into a giant crap collection,
688
00:38:09,103 --> 00:38:11,068
you could say.
689
00:38:11,068 --> 00:38:14,137
I always get really excited
when I have somebody send me
690
00:38:14,137 --> 00:38:16,620
a new fossilized poo.
691
00:38:16,620 --> 00:38:21,172
This is a coprolite
from Lyme Regis of England.
692
00:38:21,172 --> 00:38:22,551
Hopefully, I'm gonna open it up
693
00:38:22,551 --> 00:38:26,241
and it's going to be
an incredible coprolite.
694
00:38:26,241 --> 00:38:28,206
Really excited.
It's like Christmas morning.
695
00:38:28,206 --> 00:38:30,655
696
00:38:33,965 --> 00:38:38,275
697
00:38:38,275 --> 00:38:41,586
Poozeum curator
George Frandsen is a man
698
00:38:41,586 --> 00:38:44,965
who has reached into
the bowels of his obsession,
699
00:38:44,965 --> 00:38:47,034
and even after 21 years,
700
00:38:47,034 --> 00:38:53,965
he's still tickled by every...
treasurethat comes his way.
701
00:38:53,965 --> 00:38:56,551
Today is a special day.
702
00:38:56,551 --> 00:38:58,793
George is opening
the newest addition
703
00:38:58,793 --> 00:39:01,620
to his precious collection.
704
00:39:01,620 --> 00:39:05,068
It's definitely not the world's
largest coprolite,
705
00:39:05,068 --> 00:39:08,137
but it's a rare specimen.
706
00:39:08,137 --> 00:39:09,620
FRANDSEN: This is kind of neat.
707
00:39:09,620 --> 00:39:12,448
It looks like it used to be
more of an oval shape,
708
00:39:12,448 --> 00:39:15,965
and it's broken off,
which reveals all these scales,
709
00:39:15,965 --> 00:39:18,896
but what's neat is that you can
see the point that it comes to,
710
00:39:18,896 --> 00:39:21,758
which is the great pinch mark.
711
00:39:21,758 --> 00:39:25,068
712
00:39:25,068 --> 00:39:29,724
What I'm guessing is this poo
belonged to an ichthyosaurus.
713
00:39:29,724 --> 00:39:32,448
It's a prehistoric
marine reptile
714
00:39:32,448 --> 00:39:34,620
that kind of looks like
a dolphin
715
00:39:34,620 --> 00:39:36,931
with these big,
giant sharp teeth,
716
00:39:36,931 --> 00:39:39,103
but it was a carnivore,
and it would go through the seas
717
00:39:39,103 --> 00:39:41,379
eating other sea-dwelling
creatures,
718
00:39:41,379 --> 00:39:43,344
and you have a series of scales
719
00:39:43,344 --> 00:39:45,827
all through the inner core
of the...
720
00:39:45,827 --> 00:39:49,379
So it definitely ate
some smaller fish.
721
00:39:49,379 --> 00:39:51,827
All these little black marks
are scales.
722
00:39:51,827 --> 00:39:55,689
CAMPBELL: Each new coprolite
George acquires is weighed...
723
00:39:55,689 --> 00:39:57,758
52.9 grams.
724
00:39:57,758 --> 00:39:58,793
CAMPBELL: ...measured...
725
00:39:58,793 --> 00:40:01,517
53.28 millimeters.
726
00:40:01,517 --> 00:40:04,689
CAMPBELL: ...catalogued
and added to the Poozeum.
727
00:40:04,689 --> 00:40:07,862
Most fossilized poo,
you know, are tiny,
728
00:40:07,862 --> 00:40:11,551
a couple millimeters across
to several inches.
729
00:40:11,551 --> 00:40:14,586
You get to these huge dinosaurs
that are as big as a school bus.
730
00:40:14,586 --> 00:40:15,965
Those big pieces of poo
731
00:40:15,965 --> 00:40:18,724
that you think you'll find
are very hard to find.
732
00:40:18,724 --> 00:40:20,344
Not all poos
are gonna fossilize.
733
00:40:20,344 --> 00:40:21,655
Certain things have to happen --
734
00:40:21,655 --> 00:40:25,034
quick burial,
the right conditions,
735
00:40:25,034 --> 00:40:28,551
and other critters have to
leave it alone, which is hard
736
00:40:28,551 --> 00:40:30,862
because other animals
in the environment,
737
00:40:30,862 --> 00:40:32,965
they like to eat the poo.
738
00:40:32,965 --> 00:40:35,172
They like to live in the poo.
739
00:40:35,172 --> 00:40:37,517
CAMPBELL: Case in point --
dung beetles,
740
00:40:37,517 --> 00:40:40,137
which have been around for
at least 100 million years,
741
00:40:40,137 --> 00:40:44,413
rolling away turd balls and
using them for food and shelter.
742
00:40:44,413 --> 00:40:46,275
Because they don't have
skeletons,
743
00:40:46,275 --> 00:40:49,068
dung beetles rarely show up
in the fossil record,
744
00:40:49,068 --> 00:40:50,689
but paleontologists have found
745
00:40:50,689 --> 00:40:53,655
their fossilized dung balls
left behind.
746
00:40:53,655 --> 00:40:56,413
747
00:40:56,413 --> 00:40:59,931
FRANDSEN: Value for coprolites,
it really depends.
748
00:40:59,931 --> 00:41:02,965
A lot of poos I spend
just a few dollars on.
749
00:41:02,965 --> 00:41:04,586
Most of them are very cheap.
750
00:41:04,586 --> 00:41:09,896
$5 to $50 range you can
get some exquisite poos for.
751
00:41:09,896 --> 00:41:16,310
The most I've spent on any
one specimen was about $3,000.
752
00:41:16,310 --> 00:41:18,551
CAMPBELL:
The biggest ones that retain
753
00:41:18,551 --> 00:41:20,758
the most poo-like
characteristics
754
00:41:20,758 --> 00:41:22,551
are the most valuable.
755
00:41:22,551 --> 00:41:24,758
Any scientific details
like bite marks,
756
00:41:24,758 --> 00:41:31,379
bones, and scales
can turn a turd into a treasure.
757
00:41:31,379 --> 00:41:36,793
FRANDSEN: My goal is to find
the largest full,
758
00:41:36,793 --> 00:41:39,862
unbroken fossilized poo
in the world.
759
00:41:39,862 --> 00:41:43,620
I want it to look like a poo.
I want it to be huge.
760
00:41:43,620 --> 00:41:47,413
That's my goal,
and before I die,
761
00:41:47,413 --> 00:41:49,172
I want to add that
to the collection.
762
00:41:49,172 --> 00:41:52,689
763
00:41:52,689 --> 00:41:54,827
In the end,
whether it's ancient turds
764
00:41:54,827 --> 00:41:58,586
that rock your world or
the aspirations of human flight,
765
00:41:58,586 --> 00:42:02,241
the pursuit of a dream can be
as sweet as the goal itself.
766
00:42:02,241 --> 00:42:05,517
Succeed or not, there's always
glory in reaching for the limit
767
00:42:05,517 --> 00:42:08,034
and pushing yourself
to the edge.
56633
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