All language subtitles for BBC Parenthood

A female western lowland gorilla.

And her newborn.

Just moments old.

For his mother,

the arrival of her young baby

is the start of a new chapter
in her adult life.

Parenthood.

Her journey will be challenging...

full of excitement...

uncertainty...

and complete commitment.

There will be mistakes.

There always are.

But success for her,
and indeed for all parents,

has perhaps the greatest
of consequences.

It ensures the future
of life on our planet.

Subtitles: FΛSSTΞCH
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Parenthood is a journey like no other.

The responsibility
of providing constant food

and safety for offspring
can be extremely challenging.

For most, it all begins
with a good home.

A mother lion in the grasslands

of the Kalahari in Botswana.

Her 20-strong pride is ruled
by her and her sisters.

Who each has her own cubs.

One mighty family who help each other

through thick and thin.

For months, their home is scorched

by 45-degree heat.

But once a year,

their territory is brought to life

by distant rains.

Up until now, these cubs have had

very little experience of water.

So their mother will have to guide them

to get them through the trauma.

Getting used to swamp living

is a vital part
of their cubs' upbringing.

Because these precious waters

attract animals from miles around.

Cape buffalo.

The smell of fresh water

lures them from the surrounding savanna.

And they come in extraordinary numbers.

A herd three miles long

and full of one-ton animals.

They, too, cannot survive
without the water

at the centre of the lion's territory.

She must show her cubs that patience

is their greatest ally.

Once in the swamp,

the buffalo spread out
into smaller groups.

Lionesses will take the lead
in any hunt.

But a mother here has the added pressure

of having to teach her growing cubs

how to tackle giants.

One swipe of its horns
could kill any one of them.

The cubs must watch and learn.

The younger lions are allowed
to be the first to feast.

Hunting giants, however,
is not without its risks.

One of the pride's mothers is missing.

Contact calls go unanswered.

In attempting to provide food
for her young,

she has been gored by a buffalo.

There is nothing
the pride can do to help.

With her cubs too young
to hunt for themselves,

her death leaves their future uncertain.

But they don't have to face it alone.

The matriarchs will take
on responsibility for them.

In lion society,

females often share
the load of parenting.

Related adults will continue
to care for the orphans

alongside their own offspring.

It'll be another year

before they're fully independent.

In that time,

they must be taught how to survive here.

And luckily for them,

the leader of this pride
is an excellent teacher.

Parental investment

is a risky strategy for many animals,

particularly in the largest
of all habitats,

the ocean.

The sheer diversity of life
makes some parts of the ocean

a highly competitive environment.

So the animals who choose
to raise their offspring here

need to have an edge.

Here in Indonesia,

protected by the reef,

lives one of the ocean's
most ingenious parents.

A female boxer crab.

Attached to her underside

is her brood of over a thousand eggs.

Her challenge is to keep
them safe until they hatch,

whilst keeping herself well-fed.

So, like any good parent,

she's come prepared with a solution.

On her claws are live anemones

that she's collected
from the reef around her.

The anemones filter food
from the surrounding water,

which the crab mother
steals for herself.

It's an ingenious way to keep energized

while looking after young.

But it's not without risk.

To capture the food she needs,

she must take her anemones
out in the open.

A cuttlefish.

A cunning predator that
pounces on the unprepared.

Exposed and alone...

she is a sitting crab.

But she isn't defenseless.

Her anemones have venomous stings

that can deter most predators.

A very effective weapon for a mother

in need of protection.

In fact, her anemones
are such good tools

that they are highly prized
amongst the crab community.

And this mother has a jealous rival.

Empty-clawed,

her opponent will do anything
to secure her own anemone.

She isn't going to surrender
them without a fight.

Overpowered,

the mother loses one of her anemones.

The battle leaves her
exhausted and vulnerable.

She needs to lie low
and buy herself some time.

Because this super-mum
has yet another trick.

Slowly and meticulously,

she dissects her remaining anemone,

creating a clone.

Her remarkable problem-solving

allows her to keep herself
and her young alive

for a few more days.

Until eventually,
she's ready to let them go.

Climbing to the top of her coral home,

she begins to release her tiny
offspring into the current...

a few at a time...

until all her crablets are independent.

Thanks to her care and attention,

she has given them
an excellent start in life.

Raising offspring alone

is extremely challenging.

So, many parents resort to teamwork.

A female burrowing owl
is looking for a partner

amongst the wildlands of Arizona.

And this young male
seems eager to please.

To win her over,

he must first find a decent burrow.

And that is proving tricky.

Burrowing owls use holes
abandoned by other animals.

Returning to await her verdict...

he receives a less
than enthusiastic yes.

Over the coming weeks,

she will lay one egg a day

and then incubate them
all until they hatch.

His responsibility now is to provide her

with a constant supply of food.

Until, eventually,
their teamwork pays off.

At first, the father's food
supplies are enough

to keep their chicks growing.

But soon, both parents will have to work

to put enough food on the table.

All this constant activity
inevitably attracts attention.

The roadrunner.

Fast and wily,
this opportunist could kill

an entire brood of young chicks.

Their burrow has been chosen
to keep them hidden

from predators.

But at the first sign of danger,

the chicks create a deterrent.

Their call mimics the sound
of an angry rattlesnake.

But rattlesnakes are one
of the roadrunner's

favourite prey.

Returning with takeaway,

the father is alerted to the danger.

Disaster averted.

But now, both parents are caught between

keeping a watchful eye on their chicks

and providing enough food
for them to grow large enough

to defend themselves.

Parenthood is even harder

when the environment
is working against you.

And for those parents
who need reliable fresh water

to raise their young,

the conditions are rarely perfect.

The Ruaha River in Tanzania.

For most of the year,

it provides a lifeline
to those that live here.

But during the dry season,

this refuge almost disappears...

...leaving this mother hippo
and her calf with a dilemma.

He was born just two months ago,

at a time when water was plentiful.

But now there are only a few pools left,

where the water is still deep enough

to shield him from the harsh sun.

The other hippos in the area
have had the same idea,

so a newfound nursery has become...

a little crappy.

For now, though,

hygiene is the least
of the mother's worries.

These enormous fountains of fertilizer

require 50 kilos
of vegetation every day.

And now, in the dry season,
that is a problem.

Good grazing is nearly one
and a half miles

from the safety of the river.

But it's too hot to make
the journey in daytime.

She must wait until nightfall.

In the cool of the night,

the surrounding bush comes alive.

But with darkness...

comes the unknown.

Like it or not,

the hippos must leave
the safety of their pool...

and head into the night
in search of food.

The mother must not leave
her calf alone,

so the pair begin the slow
and uncertain walk

to find distant grazing.

There is some safety in
numbers close to the water.

But this far into the dry season,

the best food is further away.

Their size offers them some protection.

The hippo mother
is a formidable bodyguard.

Her mouth is filled
with 20-centimeter ivory tusks

that serve only for defense.

But a young hippo is vulnerable.

So, the calf must never
stray too far from his mother.

There is an unnerving quietness

to the bush around her.

But now, they are too far from the water

to seek refuge there.

And their stalkers know this.

A nearby male also senses danger,

and he joins the mother.

Even in small groups,

hippos can defend themselves
against a single lion.

But not against a pride.

The less experienced male panics.

And they lose their advantage.

The body of a young male hippo

will keep Pride fed for a week.

The mother and her calf

return to the protection of their pool.

They have had a lucky escape.

The quest for food can be
a seemingly never-ending

commitment for many parents.

And here in Namibia,

one takes that commitment to extremes.

This female African social spider

laid her eggs just days ago.

And now her brood of 30 spiderlings

are dependent on her for food.

So, in their early life,

she regurgitates a milky liquid

which the spiderlings drink
directly from her mouth.

They will grow to ten times
this size in the coming weeks.

To fuel such growth,

she will need to leave
her nursery to hunt.

Luckily, this mother
has family she can rely on.

Fifty fully-grown adult
sisters who share her nest.

And who hunt in perfect unison.

By stopping simultaneously,

they can listen with their feet

to detect the whereabouts of their prey

in their vast nest.

Within weeks,

her spiderlings are ready

to start hunting for themselves.

And as they grow,

her offspring and all their cousins

become insatiable.

They're born with
the ability to hunt together

as a pack, just like their mothers.

Only now there are over
a thousand of them.

Her role is almost over,
which is just as well.

Since laying her eggs,

the mother's condition
has been deteriorating,

and her movements have become labored.

The demands of parenthood
are finally taking their toll.

But she has one more gift
for her offspring.

The only thing she has left.

Her struggling appears
to mimic the vibrations

of a distressed prey insect.

And her hungry spiderlings
descend en masse

to their mother's dinner
table one last time.

Only this time,

she...

is the main course.

Hers is the ultimate sacrifice,

born out of a need

to ensure the survival
of the next generation.

But the spiderlings
are not yet finished.

They turn on their surviving relatives

eating every adult
in the colony, one by one...

until the next generation...

is all that is left.

A female western lowland
gorilla in Gabon.

She will help her young
for almost four years

to learn the complexities of living

in their jungle home.

But as he becomes more independent,

she must let go

and allow him to acquire the rules

of a gorilla's social life.

His newfound independence

triggers a crucial moment
in his mother's journey.

It gives her the chance

to think about her next stage
of parenthood.

The father of her young one

is reaching the end of his prime.

At 34, he's old for a silverback.

And unbeknownst to him,

he is under constant assessment.

Female lowland gorillas
will leave their troop

if they think there might
be better options.

And that decision
all boils down to one thing.

Has he still got it?

Hmm, not bad.

Though males play a little part

in raising their offspring,

females nonetheless prefer males

with a degree of tolerance.

The old silverback has
always been good with kids.

Wherever it comes from...

good and plentiful food

is crucial for any mother
trying to raise her young.

And variety helps parents
teach their young

about what to eat and where to find it.

In the food department,

he scores highly.

She also is looking for protection

when life gets risky.

A forest elephant
is not immediate competition

but a threat to young
gorillas, nonetheless.

Willingness to stand up
to those bigger than him

is certainly attractive in a partner.

If she chose to leave, however,

there would be significant risks.

Any new male with whom she associates

could kill infants that aren't his own.

So, she'll have to leave
her child behind.

And it would take months
to establish herself

within a new troop.

Here, at least,

she already has a partner,

just a slightly mature one.

For now, it seems
he has passed her test.

But there's still time
to change her mind.

Parental strategies have
evolved over millennia.

But now over 80% of the Earth's landmass

is affected by human activity.

And animal parents are having
to adapt to this new world.

An endangered Iberian lynx,

known as Audrina.

This abandoned barn
is the best place left

for Audrina to raise her five kittens.

It's an excellent refuge
for her growing family.

Cool, sheltered,

and full of activities for soft play.

In fact,

this place is so good
that Audrina is not alone.

Both her mother and her daughter

have chosen to raise their kittens here.

Three generations raising
their young together.

A rare phenomenon and a sign of hope.

But the recovery of lynx here
has only been possible

by what has happened outside the barn.

Less than a decade ago, the farmers here

chose to change their practice

to suit the native wild animals.

They stopped hunting

and began creating habitat
amongst their crops.

And quicker than anyone had imagined,

the native animals moved back in.

First, prey,

then predators.

Soon, the farm became a safe refuge

for parents like Audrina
to introduce their kittens

to a world that had been
redesigned with them in mind.

One where kittens have room
to explore...

play...

and hunt.

And they thrived.

We're beginning to understand
that it's possible

to use our world for our needs,

whilst also providing for wild animals.

And we're discovering that by doing so,

it's possible to help other species.

Iberian lynx have begun
a remarkable recovery,

but their fate still remains
in the balance.

The future is uncertain for
all parents across our world.

But what is clear is that
for all of us to survive,

we will need to help each other.

Subtitles: FΛSSTΞCH
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