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Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:02:20,110 --> 00:02:26,490 When I sit down to write a book, I do not say to myself, I'm going to produce 2 00:02:26,490 --> 00:02:27,490 work of art. 3 00:02:29,230 --> 00:02:36,010 I write it because there is some lie that I want to expose, some fact to 4 00:02:36,010 --> 00:02:37,010 want to draw attention. 5 00:02:38,710 --> 00:02:41,790 And my initial concern is to get a hearing. 6 00:02:44,430 --> 00:02:48,690 My starting point is always a feeling of partisanship. 7 00:02:49,930 --> 00:02:51,470 A sense of injustice. 8 00:02:59,190 --> 00:03:00,290 Two and two. 9 00:03:01,610 --> 00:03:03,630 Four. Again? 10 00:03:03,950 --> 00:03:05,570 Four. Good. 11 00:03:05,890 --> 00:03:08,390 There are people who will tell you the answer's five. 12 00:03:11,670 --> 00:03:13,730 Usually they're called governments. 13 00:03:15,810 --> 00:03:16,930 Great leaders. 14 00:03:19,280 --> 00:03:23,960 It becomes very important to them that the people should believe that the 15 00:03:23,960 --> 00:03:24,960 is five. 16 00:03:26,100 --> 00:03:27,300 They'll tell you lies. 17 00:03:29,460 --> 00:03:30,660 They'll torture you. 18 00:03:32,960 --> 00:03:33,960 They'll kill you. 19 00:03:36,600 --> 00:03:43,240 At the moment of death, you must still insist that the answer is 20 00:03:43,240 --> 00:03:44,240 four. 21 00:04:12,720 --> 00:04:14,640 April 18th, 1984. 22 00:04:17,500 --> 00:04:24,460 Nobody keeps a diary today because to do so would be punishable by death. 23 00:04:30,480 --> 00:04:31,960 I don't care anymore. 24 00:04:33,540 --> 00:04:35,840 I found this old book by chance. 25 00:04:38,060 --> 00:04:41,160 And I'm going to set down what I dare not say aloud. 26 00:04:41,760 --> 00:04:42,280 to anyone 27 00:04:42,280 --> 00:04:52,100 this 28 00:04:52,100 --> 00:04:58,940 in 1984 is london chief city of airstrip one a province 29 00:04:58,940 --> 00:05:00,480 of the state of oceania 30 00:05:18,090 --> 00:05:24,710 From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, I knew that when I grew 31 00:05:24,710 --> 00:05:26,430 up, I should be a writer. 32 00:05:27,950 --> 00:05:33,510 I had the lonely child's habit of making up stories and holding conversations 33 00:05:33,510 --> 00:05:35,330 with imaginary persons. 34 00:05:36,990 --> 00:05:42,590 I knew that I had a facility with words and a power of facing unpleasant facts. 35 00:05:43,970 --> 00:05:47,270 And I felt that this created a sort of private world. 36 00:05:47,500 --> 00:05:51,840 in which I could get my own back for my failure in everyday life. 37 00:05:53,680 --> 00:05:56,840 I wanted to write enormous naturalistic novels. 38 00:06:41,320 --> 00:06:43,020 . . 39 00:06:43,020 --> 00:06:56,820 . 40 00:06:56,820 --> 00:06:58,600 . . 41 00:07:17,480 --> 00:07:22,820 I do not think one can assess a writer's motives without knowing something of 42 00:07:22,820 --> 00:07:23,880 his early development. 43 00:07:36,320 --> 00:07:40,720 His subject matter will be determined by the age he lives in. 44 00:07:40,960 --> 00:07:46,520 At least this is true in tumultuous revolutionary ages like our own. 45 00:07:56,460 --> 00:08:01,880 When I was not yet twenty, I went to Burma, in the Indian Imperial Police. 46 00:08:06,340 --> 00:08:12,400 In an outpost of empire like Burma, the class question appeared at first sight 47 00:08:12,400 --> 00:08:13,580 to have been shelved. 48 00:08:14,540 --> 00:08:19,160 Most of the white men in Burma were not of the type who in England would be 49 00:08:19,160 --> 00:08:20,160 called gentlemen. 50 00:08:20,760 --> 00:08:22,420 But they were white men. 51 00:08:22,920 --> 00:08:27,640 in contradistinction to the other and inferior class, the natives. 52 00:08:31,080 --> 00:08:36,280 In the free air of England, that kind of thing is not fully intelligible. 53 00:08:37,600 --> 00:08:42,080 In order to hate imperialism, you have got to be part of it. 54 00:08:42,659 --> 00:08:48,200 But it is not possible to be part of such a system without recognizing it as 55 00:08:48,200 --> 00:08:49,860 unjustifiable tyranny. 56 00:08:51,310 --> 00:08:54,810 Even the thicker -skinned Anglo -Indian is aware of this. 57 00:08:55,610 --> 00:09:00,970 Every native face he sees in the street brings home to him his monstrous 58 00:09:00,970 --> 00:09:01,970 intrusion. 59 00:09:03,550 --> 00:09:09,790 But I was in the police, which is to say that I was part of the actual machinery 60 00:09:09,790 --> 00:09:11,470 of despotism. 61 00:09:19,530 --> 00:09:26,470 When I came home on leave in 1927, I was already half determined to throw 62 00:09:26,470 --> 00:09:30,650 up my job, and one sniff of English air decided me. 63 00:09:32,030 --> 00:09:37,910 For five years, I had been part of an oppressive system, and it had left me 64 00:09:37,910 --> 00:09:38,910 a bad conscience. 65 00:09:40,270 --> 00:09:47,150 Innumerable remembered faces, faces of prisoners in the dock, of men waiting 66 00:09:47,150 --> 00:09:48,550 in the condemned cells. 67 00:09:49,240 --> 00:09:55,700 Of subordinates I had bullied, and aged peasants I had snubbed. Of servants and 68 00:09:55,700 --> 00:10:01,600 coolies I had hit with my fist in moments of rage, haunted me intolerably. 69 00:10:43,150 --> 00:10:47,650 No book is genuinely free from political bias. 70 00:10:48,970 --> 00:10:55,090 The opinion that art should have nothing to do with politics is itself a 71 00:10:55,090 --> 00:10:56,090 political attitude. 72 00:11:37,870 --> 00:11:42,650 It reduced everything to the simple theory that the oppressed are always 73 00:11:42,650 --> 00:11:45,470 and the oppressors are always wrong. 74 00:11:46,210 --> 00:11:51,730 A mistaken theory, but the natural result of being one of the oppressors 75 00:11:51,730 --> 00:11:52,730 yourself. 76 00:12:13,160 --> 00:12:18,780 A society becomes totalitarian when its structure becomes flagrantly artificial. 77 00:12:19,780 --> 00:12:26,440 That is, when its ruling class has lost its function, but succeeds in clinging 78 00:12:26,440 --> 00:12:29,400 to power by force or fraud. 79 00:12:30,740 --> 00:12:36,400 But to be corrupted by totalitarianism, one does not have to live in a 80 00:12:36,400 --> 00:12:37,520 totalitarian country. 81 00:12:50,060 --> 00:12:53,380 Tonight I want to take a few minutes to discuss a grave threat to peace. 82 00:12:53,840 --> 00:12:55,300 The threat comes from Iraq. 83 00:12:57,240 --> 00:13:03,140 It arises directly from the Iraqi regime's own actions, its history of 84 00:13:03,140 --> 00:13:07,680 aggression, and its drive toward an arsenal of terror. 85 00:13:08,260 --> 00:13:12,760 We are at war with the people of Eurasia, the vile and ruthless 86 00:13:12,760 --> 00:13:16,260 have committed countless atrocities and who are guilty of every bestial crime a 87 00:13:16,260 --> 00:13:17,260 human being can commit. 88 00:13:22,600 --> 00:13:29,400 When Iraq finally admitted having these weapons in 1995, the quantities 89 00:13:29,400 --> 00:13:30,399 were vast. 90 00:13:30,400 --> 00:13:37,080 Less than a teaspoon of dry anthrax, a little bit about this amount. This kind 91 00:13:37,080 --> 00:13:42,300 of thing happens everywhere, but it is clearly likelier to lead to outright 92 00:13:42,300 --> 00:13:48,920 falsification in societies where only one opinion is permissible at any given 93 00:13:48,920 --> 00:13:49,920 moment. 94 00:14:14,960 --> 00:14:21,000 practiced by totalitarian states is not, as is sometimes claimed, a temporary 95 00:14:21,000 --> 00:14:24,720 expedient of the same nature as military deception. 96 00:14:25,520 --> 00:14:31,740 It is something integral to totalitarianism, something that would 97 00:14:31,740 --> 00:14:37,780 even if concentration camps and secret police forces had ceased to be 98 00:14:40,480 --> 00:14:47,040 Totalitarianism demands, in fact, The continuous alteration of the past, and 99 00:14:47,040 --> 00:14:52,600 the long run, probably demands a disbelief in the very existence of 100 00:14:52,600 --> 00:14:53,600 truth. 101 00:15:00,820 --> 00:15:07,220 How many fingers am I holding up, Winston? 102 00:15:07,420 --> 00:15:11,940 Four. And if Big Brother were to say not four, but five? 103 00:15:12,850 --> 00:15:13,850 Then how many? 104 00:15:16,230 --> 00:15:17,230 Four. 105 00:15:17,830 --> 00:15:21,050 How many fingers, Winston? 106 00:15:21,810 --> 00:15:22,809 Stop it. 107 00:15:22,810 --> 00:15:23,950 Anything in a five. 108 00:15:24,370 --> 00:15:28,710 No, no, Winston. Winston, that is no use. You are lying. You still think you 109 00:15:28,710 --> 00:15:30,410 four. How can I help what I see? Five. 110 00:15:30,850 --> 00:15:34,950 Two and two do not always make four, Winston. Sometimes they make five. 111 00:15:35,050 --> 00:15:36,590 how many fingers am I holding up? 112 00:15:40,150 --> 00:15:41,570 August 26th. 113 00:15:41,950 --> 00:15:42,950 1946. 114 00:15:43,630 --> 00:15:48,550 A few showers in the afternoon, otherwise a beautiful day. 115 00:15:49,990 --> 00:15:55,970 When the breeze drops, the midges were so bad as to make it almost impossible 116 00:15:55,970 --> 00:16:02,590 work. One is actually breathing them into one's nostrils, and the irritation 117 00:16:02,590 --> 00:16:03,590 maddening. 118 00:16:11,370 --> 00:16:16,970 I was born into what you might describe as the lower -upper middle class. 119 00:16:19,510 --> 00:16:25,650 People in this class owned no land, but they felt that they were landowners in 120 00:16:25,650 --> 00:16:31,070 the sight of God and kept up a semi -aristocratic outlook by going into the 121 00:16:31,070 --> 00:16:35,390 professions and the fighting services rather than into trade. 122 00:16:38,870 --> 00:16:44,820 To belong to this class, when you were at the 400 pound a year level, was a 123 00:16:44,820 --> 00:16:50,380 queer business, for it meant that your gentility was almost purely theoretical. 124 00:16:52,080 --> 00:16:57,120 Small boys used to count the plum stones on their plates and foretell their 125 00:16:57,120 --> 00:17:02,940 destiny by chanting, Army, Navy, Church, Medicine, Law. 126 00:17:06,180 --> 00:17:10,460 Theoretically, you knew all about servants and how to tip them. 127 00:17:11,000 --> 00:17:15,780 although in practice you had one, at most two, resident servants. 128 00:17:18,180 --> 00:17:22,619 Theoretically, you knew how to wear your clothes and how to order a dinner, 129 00:17:22,760 --> 00:17:28,840 although in practice you could never afford to go to a decent tailor or a 130 00:17:28,840 --> 00:17:29,840 restaurant. 131 00:17:31,000 --> 00:17:36,860 Theoretically, you knew how to shoot and ride, although in practice you had no 132 00:17:36,860 --> 00:17:39,820 horses to ride, not an inch of ground. 133 00:17:40,300 --> 00:17:41,300 to shoot over. 134 00:17:43,000 --> 00:17:48,940 It was this that explained the attraction of India, more recently 135 00:17:49,220 --> 00:17:53,140 Nigeria, etc., for the lower upper middle class. 136 00:17:54,640 --> 00:18:00,000 The people who went there as soldiers and officials did not go there to make 137 00:18:00,000 --> 00:18:04,380 money, for a soldier or an official does not want money. 138 00:18:04,740 --> 00:18:09,300 They went there because in India, with cheap horses, 139 00:18:10,030 --> 00:18:12,970 Free -shooting and hordes of black servants. 140 00:18:13,170 --> 00:18:17,170 It was so easy to play at being a gentleman 141 00:18:17,170 --> 00:18:22,930 This 142 00:18:22,930 --> 00:18:29,730 is your cook named Heather 143 00:18:29,730 --> 00:18:32,230 And this is 144 00:18:32,230 --> 00:18:37,770 Juma 145 00:18:40,360 --> 00:18:42,180 Houseboy. Too much. 146 00:18:43,800 --> 00:18:44,800 Gentleman's up. 147 00:18:45,680 --> 00:18:48,080 Come. To your house. 148 00:19:01,520 --> 00:19:06,340 Under the capitalist system, in order that England may live in comparative 149 00:19:06,340 --> 00:19:07,340 comfort, 150 00:19:07,960 --> 00:19:11,500 100 million Indians must live on the verge of starvation. 151 00:19:13,360 --> 00:19:19,620 The alternative is to throw the empire overboard and reduce England to a cold 152 00:19:19,620 --> 00:19:24,940 and unimportant little island where we should all have to work very hard and 153 00:19:24,940 --> 00:19:27,160 live mainly on herrings and potatoes. 154 00:19:28,980 --> 00:19:35,560 The fact that has got to be faced is that to abolish class distinctions means 155 00:19:35,560 --> 00:19:37,000 abolishing a part of yourself. 156 00:19:40,200 --> 00:19:43,740 Here am I, a typical member of the middle class. 157 00:19:44,300 --> 00:19:51,240 All my notions, notions of good and evil, of pleasant and unpleasant, 158 00:19:51,640 --> 00:19:58,260 of funny and serious, of ugly and beautiful, are essentially 159 00:19:58,260 --> 00:19:59,520 middle class notions. 160 00:20:10,350 --> 00:20:15,350 Ward 3, Herrmeyer's Hospital, East Kilbride, near Glasgow. 161 00:20:16,430 --> 00:20:18,510 1st of January, 1948. 162 00:20:26,810 --> 00:20:31,210 Dear Gwen, I believe Mr. Dick sent you a line about my case. 163 00:20:31,830 --> 00:20:37,450 He said I had a fairly extensive cavity in the left lung, and also a small patch 164 00:20:37,450 --> 00:20:38,710 at the top of the other lung. 165 00:20:40,040 --> 00:20:45,040 The treatment they are giving me is to put the left lung out of action, which 166 00:20:45,040 --> 00:20:46,960 supposed to give it a better chance to heal. 167 00:20:48,480 --> 00:20:52,140 For the rest, I am still really very ill and weak. 168 00:20:53,400 --> 00:20:57,280 It is a nice hospital, and everyone is extremely kind to me. 169 00:20:58,060 --> 00:21:01,600 But I have, of course, done no work for two or three months. 170 00:21:25,900 --> 00:21:31,320 Some Eurasian prisoners, guilty of war crimes, were to be hanged in the park 171 00:21:31,320 --> 00:21:33,960 that evening, Winston remembered. 172 00:21:35,100 --> 00:21:39,060 This happened about once a month and was a popular spectacle. 173 00:21:40,760 --> 00:21:43,440 Children always clamoured to be taken to see it. 174 00:21:43,780 --> 00:21:48,380 Why can't we go and see the hanging, roared the boy in his huge voice. 175 00:21:49,140 --> 00:21:53,760 Want to see the hanging, chanted the little girl, still capering round. 176 00:21:58,280 --> 00:22:02,020 The warders had formed in a rough circle around the gallows. 177 00:22:02,760 --> 00:22:08,540 And then, when the noose was fixed, the prisoner began crying out on his god. 178 00:22:18,720 --> 00:22:20,120 Minutes seemed to pass. 179 00:22:20,740 --> 00:22:25,640 The steady, muffled crying from the prisoner went on and on. 180 00:22:26,960 --> 00:22:32,260 We looked at the lashed, hooded man on the drop and listened to his cries. 181 00:22:32,780 --> 00:22:35,380 Each cry another second of life. 182 00:22:35,820 --> 00:22:38,340 Oh, kill him quickly. Get it over. 183 00:22:38,700 --> 00:22:40,880 Stop that abominable noise. 184 00:22:48,380 --> 00:22:55,100 Most people approve of capital punishment. 185 00:22:56,080 --> 00:22:59,380 But most people wouldn't do the hangman's job. 186 00:23:02,260 --> 00:23:06,480 They don't represent us. They need to pay the ultimate price for their crime. 187 00:23:06,700 --> 00:23:08,980 An example needs to be made. 188 00:23:09,420 --> 00:23:11,700 Get in there. 189 00:23:13,000 --> 00:23:15,240 Get the f*** in there. 190 00:23:15,740 --> 00:23:16,740 Let's get them. 191 00:23:17,900 --> 00:23:20,580 Sing them up. We can take that place. 192 00:23:22,740 --> 00:23:24,000 And then do what? 193 00:23:27,460 --> 00:23:30,220 They were peaceful people. These were great people. 194 00:23:30,700 --> 00:23:32,800 The crowd was unbelievable. 195 00:23:33,280 --> 00:23:36,940 And I mentioned the word love, the love, the love in the air. I've never seen 196 00:23:36,940 --> 00:23:37,940 anything like it. 197 00:24:37,250 --> 00:24:41,910 FBI operatives were organizing the attack on the Capitol. 198 00:24:55,490 --> 00:24:59,610 I don't believe they were Trump supporters that did that. I think they 199 00:24:59,610 --> 00:25:01,430 enticed by the FBI. 200 00:25:04,620 --> 00:25:11,060 A totalitarian state is in effect a theocracy, and its ruling caste, 201 00:25:11,260 --> 00:25:16,060 in order to keep its position, has to be thought of as infallible. 202 00:25:17,600 --> 00:25:21,440 Congress has certified the results. I don't want to say the election's over. I 203 00:25:21,440 --> 00:25:26,300 just want to say Congress has certified the results without saying the 204 00:25:26,300 --> 00:25:27,300 election's over, okay? 205 00:25:28,040 --> 00:25:31,800 My only goal was to ensure the integrity of the vote. 206 00:25:33,480 --> 00:25:36,980 My only goal was to ensure the integrity of the vote. 207 00:25:38,340 --> 00:25:44,200 Since, in practice, no one is infallible, it is frequently necessary 208 00:25:44,200 --> 00:25:50,220 rearrange past events in order to show that this or that mistake was not made, 209 00:25:50,340 --> 00:25:56,260 or that this or that imaginary triumph actually happened. The Dominion voting 210 00:25:56,260 --> 00:25:59,640 systems, the Smartmatic technology software. 211 00:26:00,800 --> 00:26:05,220 And the software that goes in other computerized voting systems here as 212 00:26:05,380 --> 00:26:08,920 not just Dominion, were created in Venezuela. 213 00:26:27,580 --> 00:26:29,700 You can tell he hasn't done anything wrong. 214 00:26:30,060 --> 00:26:36,360 Just by his demeanor. I mean, he would be trying to hide things. Already, there 215 00:26:36,360 --> 00:26:41,380 are countless people who think it's scandalous to falsify a scientific 216 00:26:41,380 --> 00:26:47,760 that would see nothing wrong in falsifying a historical fact. Trump is 217 00:26:47,760 --> 00:26:48,780 witnesses. 218 00:26:52,320 --> 00:26:53,320 I don't care. 219 00:26:57,300 --> 00:26:58,920 I'm with him to the finish. 220 00:26:59,390 --> 00:27:04,250 He could stand on the front steps of the White House and commit murder, and I'm 221 00:27:04,250 --> 00:27:05,250 with him. 222 00:27:13,210 --> 00:27:16,050 How do you explain all these charges? 223 00:27:16,250 --> 00:27:18,270 How do you explain them? Well, they're all made up. 224 00:27:18,870 --> 00:27:19,950 They're all made up? Yep. 225 00:27:20,410 --> 00:27:21,410 They're all made up. 226 00:27:22,190 --> 00:27:26,570 So the election interference in Georgia, Sidney Powell and Kenneth Cheesbrough, 227 00:27:26,630 --> 00:27:27,830 who worked for Donald Trump. 228 00:27:28,250 --> 00:27:31,590 As lawyers, they just pled guilty. I don't believe that either. 229 00:27:31,850 --> 00:27:33,470 You don't believe they pled guilty? No. 230 00:27:34,490 --> 00:27:41,210 The friends of totalitarianism in this country usually tend to argue that since 231 00:27:41,210 --> 00:27:48,070 absolute truth is not attainable, a big lie is no worse than a 232 00:27:48,070 --> 00:27:49,070 little lie. 233 00:27:49,110 --> 00:27:55,310 The list of Trump lies filled an entire page of... 234 00:27:55,610 --> 00:28:00,890 The New York Times. It includes only what the Times calls demonstrably false 235 00:28:00,890 --> 00:28:01,890 statements. 236 00:28:33,280 --> 00:28:35,340 2nd of January, 1948. 237 00:28:36,420 --> 00:28:42,940 Dear Julian, Thanks ever so for sending the pen, which, as you see, I am using. 238 00:28:44,260 --> 00:28:46,200 I think I'm getting a bit better. 239 00:28:46,920 --> 00:28:50,720 I don't feel quite so death -like, and I'm eating a lot more. 240 00:28:51,580 --> 00:28:53,960 I can't show you the part -finished novel. 241 00:28:54,700 --> 00:29:00,340 I never show them to anybody, because they're just a mess and don't have much 242 00:29:00,340 --> 00:29:01,980 relationship to the final draft. 243 00:29:03,530 --> 00:29:08,010 I always say a book doesn't exist until it is finished. 244 00:29:16,990 --> 00:29:23,330 Every major change in policy demands a corresponding change of doctrine 245 00:29:23,330 --> 00:29:27,350 and a revelation of prominent historical figures. 246 00:29:45,040 --> 00:29:51,580 If the leader says of such and such an event, it never happened, well, it never 247 00:29:51,580 --> 00:29:52,580 happened. 248 00:29:53,400 --> 00:29:59,260 If he says that two and two are five, well, two and two are five. 249 00:30:01,040 --> 00:30:06,780 This prospect frightens me much more than bombs, and that is not a frivolous 250 00:30:06,780 --> 00:30:07,780 statement. 251 00:30:20,220 --> 00:30:27,120 The life of Rosa Parks. This apparently is too woke by the Republican 252 00:30:27,120 --> 00:30:33,380 Party. Song of Solomon is unacceptable to Republican politics. 253 00:30:33,760 --> 00:30:36,840 40 % of banned books. 254 00:30:37,640 --> 00:30:43,160 have reported are significantly addressing and specifically addressing 255 00:30:43,160 --> 00:30:44,160 issues. 256 00:31:27,210 --> 00:31:33,350 When we talk about progressive values, I can say what my progressive value is, 257 00:31:33,470 --> 00:31:36,090 and that is freedom over fascism. 258 00:32:40,380 --> 00:32:42,520 Let's say you take these books out of the library. 259 00:32:43,880 --> 00:32:44,900 What are you going to do with them? 260 00:32:45,580 --> 00:32:46,660 You going to put them in the street? 261 00:32:47,160 --> 00:32:48,160 Light them on fire? 262 00:32:48,460 --> 00:32:49,580 Where are they going? 263 00:32:50,380 --> 00:32:52,420 I don't have a clue, but I would burn them. 264 00:33:08,010 --> 00:33:13,810 From the totalitarian point of view, history is something to be created 265 00:33:13,810 --> 00:33:14,810 than learned. 266 00:33:18,150 --> 00:33:21,290 This is what I will do to the growing books when I become Secretary of State. 267 00:33:39,720 --> 00:33:44,180 Ward 3, Hermeyers Hospital, 20th of April, 1948. 268 00:33:45,600 --> 00:33:51,460 Dear Julian, I'm a lot better, but I had a bad fortnight with the secondary 269 00:33:51,460 --> 00:33:53,040 effects of the streptomycin. 270 00:33:54,340 --> 00:34:00,320 I'm still fearfully weak and thin, but they seem pleased with my case, and I 271 00:34:00,320 --> 00:34:02,460 think I may get out sometime during the summer. 272 00:34:03,520 --> 00:34:06,500 I'm longing to get up to Jura at any rate. 273 00:34:07,310 --> 00:34:09,230 and see how the farm work is going. 274 00:34:10,050 --> 00:34:12,670 But I should have to be careful not to do much. 275 00:34:24,090 --> 00:34:28,250 The Goose Step is one of the most horrible sights in the world. 276 00:34:29,210 --> 00:34:32,070 It is simply an affirmation of naked power. 277 00:34:33,429 --> 00:34:37,870 In it is the vision of a boot crashing down, on a face. 278 00:34:39,429 --> 00:34:43,889 The goose step is not used in England because the people in the street would 279 00:34:43,889 --> 00:34:44,889 laugh. 280 00:35:07,880 --> 00:35:12,880 First, I spent five years in an unsuitable profession in Burma. 281 00:35:13,660 --> 00:35:16,660 This increased my natural hatred of authority. 282 00:35:25,520 --> 00:35:32,040 The Spanish War and other events in 1936 and 1937 turned the scale, 283 00:35:32,160 --> 00:35:35,500 and thereafter, I knew where I stood. 284 00:35:44,410 --> 00:35:46,510 Those who want to take the floor, go ahead. 285 00:35:46,830 --> 00:35:49,390 We have to collectivize, 286 00:35:50,170 --> 00:35:54,770 because many men have gone to the front, they have no supplies, they have 287 00:35:54,770 --> 00:35:59,410 nothing, and the fascists have left them at the minimum. There is not enough 288 00:35:59,410 --> 00:36:02,090 food for the people's neighbors. 289 00:36:02,690 --> 00:36:04,910 We have to collectivize as soon as possible. 290 00:36:05,470 --> 00:36:07,490 Look for supplies and supply to the front. 291 00:36:07,750 --> 00:36:11,370 That's why our neighbors, our comrades are on the front, fighting for us. 292 00:36:11,730 --> 00:36:15,290 And that's why there are also the lands of Don Julián. I want to tell you that 293 00:36:15,290 --> 00:36:19,170 one thing, and I am very much in agreement with that this be done, that 294 00:36:19,170 --> 00:36:22,290 collectivized, that those lands be of all. 295 00:36:36,750 --> 00:36:43,750 I want to say here to 296 00:36:43,750 --> 00:36:49,170 my colleague that it is very good that he wants to work on his lands, but how 297 00:36:49,170 --> 00:36:51,290 much better would it be if we worked on them? 298 00:37:00,009 --> 00:37:01,410 Yes, 299 00:37:03,390 --> 00:37:08,010 but we need everything to be able to... 300 00:37:08,570 --> 00:37:14,410 To get ahead in the revolution, because the revolution has to be done right 301 00:37:14,410 --> 00:37:15,410 away, right away. 302 00:37:15,850 --> 00:37:18,950 Don't wait until tomorrow. But, José, it's not only the question of the land. 303 00:37:18,950 --> 00:37:23,590 have to make a new society where everyone... One moment. Let's not talk 304 00:37:23,590 --> 00:37:24,590 together. One moment. 305 00:37:25,790 --> 00:37:29,330 What I want to say is that we have to take risks, because what do we know? 306 00:37:29,570 --> 00:37:30,590 Misery, hunger and despair. 307 00:37:31,510 --> 00:37:34,670 Maybe they'll kill us, maybe fascism will kill us again. 308 00:38:00,859 --> 00:38:03,880 31st of July 309 00:38:05,910 --> 00:38:09,850 1937. Dear Rainer, thanks so much for your letter. 310 00:38:10,550 --> 00:38:12,330 I was glad to hear from you. 311 00:38:13,390 --> 00:38:17,090 We had an interesting but thoroughly bloody time in Spain. 312 00:38:18,410 --> 00:38:23,150 Of course, I would never have allowed Eileen to come, nor probably gone 313 00:38:23,510 --> 00:38:29,190 if I had foreseen the political developments, especially the suppression 314 00:38:29,190 --> 00:38:32,690 POM, the party in whose militia I was serving. 315 00:38:40,460 --> 00:38:41,640 It was a queer business. 316 00:38:42,120 --> 00:38:48,360 We started off by being heroic defenders of democracy and ended by slipping over 317 00:38:48,360 --> 00:38:51,500 the border with the police panting on our heels. 318 00:38:51,960 --> 00:38:56,540 But though we ourselves got out all right, nearly all our friends and 319 00:38:56,540 --> 00:39:02,260 acquaintances are in jail and likely to be there indefinitely, not actually 320 00:39:02,260 --> 00:39:06,220 charged with anything, but suspected of Trotskyism. 321 00:39:07,320 --> 00:39:11,420 What I saw in Spain has given me a horror of politics. 322 00:39:14,300 --> 00:39:21,000 But what impressed me then, and has impressed me ever since, is that 323 00:39:21,000 --> 00:39:26,380 are believed in or disbelieved in solely on grounds of political predilection. 324 00:39:27,880 --> 00:39:33,220 Everyone believes in the atrocities of the enemy and disbelieves in those of 325 00:39:33,220 --> 00:39:37,220 own side without ever bothering to examine the evidence. 326 00:39:48,330 --> 00:39:54,870 Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written 327 00:39:54,870 --> 00:40:01,650 directly or indirectly against totalitarianism and for democratic 328 00:40:01,650 --> 00:40:03,410 as I understand it. 329 00:40:03,910 --> 00:40:04,910 Revolution! 330 00:40:07,450 --> 00:40:13,050 Animal Farm was the first book in which I tried with full consciousness of what 331 00:40:13,050 --> 00:40:17,570 I was doing to fuse political purpose and artistic purpose. 332 00:40:17,960 --> 00:40:19,140 into one whole. 333 00:40:19,900 --> 00:40:21,360 Read it to me. 334 00:40:21,680 --> 00:40:28,660 All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal 335 00:40:28,660 --> 00:40:29,660 than others. 336 00:40:29,900 --> 00:40:31,640 More equal than others? 337 00:40:52,680 --> 00:40:53,960 Bye. 338 00:40:55,680 --> 00:40:56,800 Bye. Bye. 339 00:41:28,140 --> 00:41:32,560 now devote itself to the making of weapons to the building of walls to the 340 00:41:32,560 --> 00:41:33,560 protection of ourselves 341 00:43:15,470 --> 00:43:20,150 Winston tried to squeeze out some childhood memory that should tell him 342 00:43:20,150 --> 00:43:22,410 London had always been quite like this. 343 00:43:22,790 --> 00:43:27,210 Were there always these vistas of rotting 19th century houses? 344 00:43:27,630 --> 00:43:33,730 Their sides shored up with bulks of timber, their windows patched with 345 00:43:33,730 --> 00:43:40,270 and their roofs with corrugated iron, their crazy garden walls sagging in all 346 00:43:40,270 --> 00:43:43,470 directions, and the bombed sites. 347 00:43:44,190 --> 00:43:49,730 where the plaster dust swelled in the air, and the willow herb straggled over 348 00:43:49,730 --> 00:43:55,290 the heaps of rubble, and the places where the bombs had cleared a large 349 00:43:55,490 --> 00:44:01,970 and there had sprung up sordid colonies of wooden dwellings, like chicken 350 00:44:01,970 --> 00:44:02,970 houses. 351 00:44:08,190 --> 00:44:09,830 But it was no use. 352 00:44:10,190 --> 00:44:11,610 He could not remember. 353 00:44:12,560 --> 00:44:18,120 Nothing remained of his childhood, except a series of bright -lit tableaux 354 00:44:18,120 --> 00:44:22,820 occurring against no background and mostly unintelligible. 355 00:44:42,220 --> 00:44:47,460 It is not easy for me to think of my school days without seeming to breathe 356 00:44:47,460 --> 00:44:53,060 whiff of something cold and evil -smelling, a sort of compound of sweaty 357 00:44:53,060 --> 00:45:00,020 stockings, dirty towels, faecal smells blowing along corridors, forks with 358 00:45:00,020 --> 00:45:05,800 old food between the prongs, neck of mutton stew, and the banging doors of 359 00:45:05,800 --> 00:45:09,460 lavatories and the echoing chamber pots in the dormitories. 360 00:45:26,440 --> 00:45:32,100 By the social standards that prevailed about me, I was no good and could not be 361 00:45:32,100 --> 00:45:33,100 any good. 362 00:45:33,500 --> 00:45:37,940 But all the different kinds of virtue seemed to be mysteriously interconnected 363 00:45:37,940 --> 00:45:40,900 and to belong to much the same people. 364 00:45:41,540 --> 00:45:43,900 It was not only money that mattered. 365 00:45:44,140 --> 00:45:50,460 There were also strength, beauty, charm, athleticism, and something 366 00:45:50,460 --> 00:45:53,460 called guts or character. 367 00:45:54,080 --> 00:45:58,420 which in reality meant the power to impose your will on others. 368 00:45:59,380 --> 00:46:02,300 I did not possess any of these qualities. 369 00:46:02,840 --> 00:46:08,620 I lived in a world of boys, gregarious animals, questioning nothing, accepting 370 00:46:08,620 --> 00:46:14,480 the law of the stronger and avenging their own humiliations by passing them 371 00:46:14,480 --> 00:46:15,720 to someone smaller. 372 00:46:30,760 --> 00:46:34,020 There are five fingers there. 373 00:46:49,610 --> 00:46:51,390 Do you see five fingers? 374 00:46:53,010 --> 00:46:54,010 Yes 375 00:48:30,600 --> 00:48:31,860 is a political age. 376 00:48:32,740 --> 00:48:39,680 War, fascism, concentration camps, rubber truncheons, atomic bombs 377 00:48:39,680 --> 00:48:45,740 are what we daily think about, and therefore, to a great extent, what we 378 00:48:45,740 --> 00:48:49,040 about, even when we do not name them openly. 379 00:48:51,160 --> 00:48:52,580 We cannot help this. 380 00:48:52,800 --> 00:48:58,620 When you are on a sinking ship, your thoughts will be about sinking ships. 381 00:49:13,540 --> 00:49:16,480 Barnhill, Isle of Jura, Argyleshire. 382 00:49:18,400 --> 00:49:20,460 22nd of October, 1948. 383 00:49:21,880 --> 00:49:28,420 Dear Fred, I shall finish the book Dio Valente early in November, and I am 384 00:49:28,420 --> 00:49:32,840 rather flinching from the job of typing it because it is a very awkward thing to 385 00:49:32,840 --> 00:49:35,840 do in bed where I still have to spend half the time. 386 00:49:37,140 --> 00:49:41,140 I can't send it away because it is an unbelievably bad manuscript. 387 00:49:41,930 --> 00:49:44,870 and no one could make head or tail of it without explanation. 388 00:49:45,650 --> 00:49:50,690 I think it is a good idea, but the execution would have been better if I 389 00:49:50,690 --> 00:49:52,870 written it under the influence of tuberculosis. 390 00:49:54,390 --> 00:50:00,730 I haven't definitely fixed on the title, but I am hesitating between 1984 391 00:50:00,730 --> 00:50:04,530 and The Last Man in Europe. 392 00:50:14,480 --> 00:50:21,160 When I was 14 or 15, I was an odious little snob, but no worse than other 393 00:50:21,160 --> 00:50:22,400 of my own age and class. 394 00:50:23,880 --> 00:50:30,220 I was very young, not much more than six, when I first became aware of class 395 00:50:30,220 --> 00:50:31,220 distinctions. 396 00:50:34,320 --> 00:50:36,340 I think you look pretty smart. 397 00:50:37,640 --> 00:50:39,020 You look like a gentleman. 398 00:50:40,880 --> 00:50:44,620 I despised anyone who was not describable as a gentleman. 399 00:50:44,940 --> 00:50:50,020 But I also hated the hoggishly rich, especially those who had grown rich too 400 00:50:50,020 --> 00:50:53,980 recently. I look down on him because I am upper class. 401 00:50:54,660 --> 00:50:58,000 I look up to him because he is upper class. 402 00:50:58,340 --> 00:51:01,540 But I look down on him because he is lower class. 403 00:51:02,980 --> 00:51:04,380 I am middle class. 404 00:51:07,340 --> 00:51:08,860 I know my place. 405 00:51:10,320 --> 00:51:16,340 Hence, at the age of 17 or 18, I was both a snob and a revolutionary. 406 00:51:17,540 --> 00:51:22,500 I was against all authority, and I loosely described myself as a socialist. 407 00:51:23,000 --> 00:51:28,660 But I had not much grasp of what socialism meant, and no notion that the 408 00:51:28,660 --> 00:51:30,140 class were human beings. 409 00:51:30,480 --> 00:51:32,600 We'll have no pissing in the corners. 410 00:51:33,540 --> 00:51:34,540 Not allowed. 411 00:51:34,720 --> 00:51:35,720 Frowned upon. 412 00:51:43,020 --> 00:51:49,820 I knew nothing about working class 413 00:51:49,820 --> 00:51:55,100 conditions. I had read the unemployment figures, but I had no notion of what 414 00:51:55,100 --> 00:51:56,100 they implied. 415 00:52:15,440 --> 00:52:22,020 Above all, I did not know the essential fact that respectable poverty is always 416 00:52:22,020 --> 00:52:22,819 the worst. 417 00:52:22,820 --> 00:52:28,220 The frightful doom of a decent working man suddenly thrown on the streets after 418 00:52:28,220 --> 00:52:29,820 a lifetime of steady work. 419 00:52:30,180 --> 00:52:35,860 His agonized struggles against economic laws, which he does not understand. The 420 00:52:35,860 --> 00:52:37,280 disintegration of families. 421 00:52:37,870 --> 00:52:39,710 the corroding sense of shame. 422 00:52:40,090 --> 00:52:44,210 All this was outside the range of my experience. 423 00:52:45,630 --> 00:52:50,470 When I thought of poverty, I thought of it in terms of brute starvation. 424 00:52:51,110 --> 00:52:56,570 Therefore, my mind turned immediately towards the extreme cases, the social 425 00:52:56,570 --> 00:53:03,350 outcasts, tramps, beggars, criminals, prostitutes. These were the lowest 426 00:53:03,350 --> 00:53:04,410 of the low. 427 00:53:04,910 --> 00:53:08,250 And these were the people with whom I wanted to get in contact. 428 00:53:15,350 --> 00:53:21,310 What I profoundly wanted at that time was to find some way of getting out of 429 00:53:21,310 --> 00:53:22,710 respectable world altogether. 430 00:53:23,350 --> 00:53:25,570 I meditated upon it a great deal. 431 00:53:26,330 --> 00:53:28,750 I even planned parts of it in detail. 432 00:53:29,470 --> 00:53:32,910 How one could sell everything, give everything away. 433 00:53:33,800 --> 00:53:40,080 Change one's name and start out with no money and nothing but the clothes one 434 00:53:40,080 --> 00:53:41,080 stood up in. 435 00:53:41,680 --> 00:53:45,820 But in real life, nobody ever does that kind of thing. 436 00:53:58,380 --> 00:54:02,620 As Syme had done earlier, Winston had taken up his spoon. 437 00:54:03,320 --> 00:54:07,400 and was dabbling in the pale -coloured gravy that dribbled across the table, 438 00:54:08,080 --> 00:54:11,320 drawing a long streak of it out into a pattern. 439 00:54:12,400 --> 00:54:17,020 He meditated resentfully on the physical texture of life. 440 00:54:45,740 --> 00:54:50,340 You discover what it is like to be hungry, with bread and margarine in your 441 00:54:50,340 --> 00:54:54,000 belly. You go out and look into the shop windows. 442 00:54:54,680 --> 00:55:00,020 Everywhere there is food insulting you in huge, wasteful piles. 443 00:55:01,100 --> 00:55:07,220 Whole dead pigs, baskets of hot loaves, great yellow blocks of butter, 444 00:55:07,480 --> 00:55:10,960 strings of sausages, mountains of potatoes. 445 00:55:12,120 --> 00:55:15,140 Vast, greer cheese -like grindstones. 446 00:55:15,460 --> 00:55:20,180 A snivelling self -pity comes over you at the sight of so much food. 447 00:55:20,740 --> 00:55:25,640 You plan to grab a loaf and run, swallowing it before they catch you. 448 00:55:25,920 --> 00:55:28,600 And you refrain from pure funk. 449 00:55:47,500 --> 00:55:52,880 You discover the boredom which is inseparable from poverty, the times when 450 00:55:52,880 --> 00:55:58,200 have nothing to do, and being underfed can interest yourself in nothing. 451 00:55:59,040 --> 00:56:04,780 For half a day at a time, you lie on your bed, feeling like the jeune 452 00:56:04,780 --> 00:56:06,080 in Baudelaire's poem. 453 00:56:06,420 --> 00:56:08,620 Only food could rouse you. 454 00:56:09,080 --> 00:56:15,820 You discover that a man who has gone even a week on bread and margarine is 455 00:56:15,820 --> 00:56:16,820 man any longer. 456 00:56:17,800 --> 00:56:21,600 Only a belly with a few accessory organs. 457 00:56:22,180 --> 00:56:29,140 The top 1 % that controlled 90 % of the wealth had two major 458 00:56:29,140 --> 00:56:34,400 political parties doing their bidding for them. And the other 99 % had no 459 00:56:34,400 --> 00:56:35,480 political party. 460 00:56:53,480 --> 00:56:55,760 Beggars do not work, it is said. 461 00:56:56,100 --> 00:56:58,480 But then, what is work? 462 00:56:59,700 --> 00:57:02,300 A navvy works by swinging a pick. 463 00:57:02,820 --> 00:57:05,680 An accountant works by adding up figures. 464 00:57:06,180 --> 00:57:12,120 A beggar works by standing out of doors, in all weathers, and getting varicose 465 00:57:12,120 --> 00:57:14,760 veins, chronic bronchitis, etc. 466 00:57:15,720 --> 00:57:18,200 It is a trade like any other. 467 00:57:18,600 --> 00:57:20,560 Quite useless, of course. 468 00:57:21,580 --> 00:57:24,740 But then many reputable trades are quite useless. 469 00:57:25,560 --> 00:57:30,580 And as a social type, a beggar compares well with scores of others. 470 00:57:31,020 --> 00:57:35,020 He is honest compared with the sellers of most patent medicines. 471 00:57:35,920 --> 00:57:40,240 High -minded compared with a Sunday newspaper proprietor. 472 00:57:40,580 --> 00:57:47,260 A beggar, looked at realistically, is simply a businessman getting his 473 00:57:47,260 --> 00:57:49,220 living like other businessmen. 474 00:57:49,640 --> 00:57:51,200 in the way that comes to hand. 475 00:57:52,640 --> 00:57:57,560 He has not, more than most modern people, sold his honour. 476 00:57:58,340 --> 00:58:04,260 He has merely made the mistake of choosing a trade at which it is 477 00:58:04,260 --> 00:58:05,260 grow rich. 478 00:58:33,960 --> 00:58:39,260 The underlying fact was that the whole position of the moneyed class had long 479 00:58:39,260 --> 00:58:40,960 ceased to be justifiable. 480 00:58:42,980 --> 00:58:48,420 The existence of these people was by any standard unjustifiable. 481 00:58:49,160 --> 00:58:55,680 They were simply parasites, less useful to society than if fleas are to a dog. 482 00:59:05,960 --> 00:59:11,100 The British ruling class could not admit to themselves that their usefulness was 483 00:59:11,100 --> 00:59:12,100 at an end. 484 00:59:12,700 --> 00:59:17,860 It was not possible for them to turn themselves into mere bandits like the 485 00:59:17,860 --> 00:59:19,060 American millionaires. 486 00:59:20,460 --> 00:59:23,580 Clearly, there was only one escape for them. 487 00:59:24,120 --> 00:59:25,640 Into stupidity. 488 00:59:28,740 --> 00:59:33,600 The Ministry of Peace is happy to report that thanks to the vigilance of our 489 00:59:33,600 --> 00:59:34,980 gallant interceptors... 490 00:59:35,320 --> 00:59:39,460 No Eurasian rocket bomb was able to reach targets of any importance. 491 00:59:40,560 --> 00:59:42,700 We continue now to our regular goal call. 492 00:59:52,000 --> 00:59:56,780 There are parts in southern China where smart cameras placed around the 493 00:59:56,780 --> 00:59:58,480 intersection will recognize who you are. 494 00:59:58,780 --> 01:00:03,520 You can have your face covered, or you could be obscured. These systems are 495 01:00:03,520 --> 01:00:04,520 very, very smart. 496 01:00:05,120 --> 01:00:09,240 They can recognize you by gait, by posture, by how you're walking. 497 01:00:09,480 --> 01:00:13,760 And so if you've caused an infraction, your face gets thrown up on a digital 498 01:00:13,760 --> 01:00:18,780 billboard at that intersection, along with your name and where you work. And 499 01:00:18,780 --> 01:00:22,580 that information is transmitted to your employers and to your family members. 500 01:00:34,090 --> 01:00:35,210 he would consider human rights. 501 01:01:12,170 --> 01:01:17,710 Much of the technology that threatens our freedom and our dignity in the near 502 01:01:17,710 --> 01:01:22,970 -term future is being developed by companies in the business of capturing 503 01:01:22,970 --> 01:01:27,050 selling our data and our attention to advertisers and others. 504 01:01:31,660 --> 01:01:33,540 wear their identification badges in the evening. 505 01:01:41,560 --> 01:01:43,280 Don't forget a game. 506 01:01:44,460 --> 01:01:51,220 If the people in power are using these algorithms to quietly watch 507 01:01:51,220 --> 01:01:57,820 us, to judge us, and to nudge us, to predict and identify the troublemakers 508 01:01:57,820 --> 01:02:02,940 the rebels, that authoritarianism will envelop us like a spider's web. 509 01:02:03,400 --> 01:02:06,020 And we may not even know we're in it. 510 01:02:08,120 --> 01:02:13,080 The surveillance capitalists have tried to get us to believe that their 511 01:02:13,080 --> 01:02:18,240 practices are the inevitable outgrowth of digital technologies. 512 01:02:18,760 --> 01:02:22,960 So that's why I believe that the future is private. 513 01:02:23,980 --> 01:02:26,900 This is the next chapter for our services. 514 01:02:28,060 --> 01:02:29,060 What do you prefer? 515 01:02:30,160 --> 01:02:36,020 Being safer when you wake up in the morning and go to the street or not 516 01:02:36,020 --> 01:02:39,300 or, you know, analyzing by AI system? 517 01:02:39,680 --> 01:02:41,880 I want to be safer. What do you prefer? 518 01:02:43,540 --> 01:02:45,740 What do you prefer? 519 01:02:46,340 --> 01:02:48,140 What do you prefer? 520 01:02:49,520 --> 01:02:50,700 What do you prefer? 521 01:02:51,720 --> 01:02:53,240 I want to be safer. 522 01:02:54,560 --> 01:02:55,560 Safer. 523 01:02:59,880 --> 01:03:01,000 Surveillance is okay. 524 01:03:01,240 --> 01:03:06,980 If you don't mind, I want to be... I want to surveil. I want surveillance of 525 01:03:06,980 --> 01:03:11,320 these people that are coming in. The Trojan horse. I want to know who the 526 01:03:11,320 --> 01:03:12,320 they are. 527 01:03:22,100 --> 01:03:24,820 You don't have to have done anything wrong. 528 01:03:25,470 --> 01:03:29,210 You simply have to eventually fall under suspicion from somebody, even by a 529 01:03:29,210 --> 01:03:30,169 wrong call. 530 01:03:30,170 --> 01:03:34,610 And then they can use the system to go back in time and scrutinize every 531 01:03:34,610 --> 01:03:38,570 decision you've ever made, every friend you've ever discussed something with, 532 01:03:38,690 --> 01:03:45,470 and attack you on that basis to sort of derive suspicion from an innocent life 533 01:03:45,470 --> 01:03:48,670 and paint anyone in the context of a wrongdoer. 534 01:03:56,140 --> 01:03:59,640 It should be that when we make things more productive, when we greatly 535 01:03:59,640 --> 01:04:03,820 productivity, it helps everybody, but there's the worry that it might just 536 01:04:03,820 --> 01:04:04,820 the rich. 537 01:04:05,840 --> 01:04:11,200 The new Model 3 generative android from Funky is a fully autonomous humanoid 538 01:04:11,200 --> 01:04:14,680 robot with features never before seen in the consumer market. We are 539 01:04:14,680 --> 01:04:19,600 increasingly trapped in a world of no escape, and even if we want to make a 540 01:04:19,600 --> 01:04:21,620 choice, we can't. 541 01:04:24,490 --> 01:04:30,130 It would probably not be beyond human ingenuity to write books by machinery, 542 01:04:30,130 --> 01:04:35,010 a sort of mechanising process can already be seen at work in the film and 543 01:04:35,270 --> 01:04:39,730 in publicity and propaganda, and in the lower reaches of journalism. 544 01:04:41,150 --> 01:04:46,490 Even so, what they write is merely a kind of raw material to be chopped into 545 01:04:46,490 --> 01:04:48,530 shape by producers and censors. 546 01:04:48,890 --> 01:04:53,540 Books would be planned in their broad lines by bureaucrats, and would pass 547 01:04:53,540 --> 01:04:58,040 through so many hands that when finished, they would be no more an 548 01:04:58,040 --> 01:05:01,800 product than a Ford car at the end of the assembly line. 549 01:05:02,680 --> 01:05:07,200 It goes without saying that anything so produced would be rubbish. 550 01:05:07,860 --> 01:05:13,780 At present, we know only that the imagination, like certain wild animals, 551 01:05:13,780 --> 01:05:15,600 not breed in captivity. 552 01:05:22,730 --> 01:05:24,670 2nd of December, 1942. 553 01:05:25,650 --> 01:05:31,170 Dear George Woodcock, After the ethics of broadcasting, and in general letting 554 01:05:31,170 --> 01:05:36,250 oneself be used by the British governing class, it's of little value to argue 555 01:05:36,250 --> 01:05:37,250 about it. 556 01:05:37,270 --> 01:05:41,230 But for heaven's sake, don't think I don't see how they are using me. 557 01:05:41,550 --> 01:05:44,850 I doubt whether I shall stay in this job very much longer. 558 01:05:45,110 --> 01:05:46,430 But while here... 559 01:05:46,780 --> 01:05:51,580 I consider I have kept our propaganda slightly less disgusting than it might 560 01:05:51,580 --> 01:05:52,580 otherwise have been. 561 01:06:03,040 --> 01:06:09,840 The Tribune, 222, London Western Central 2, 14th of July, 1944. 562 01:06:11,560 --> 01:06:15,240 Dear John Murray, I am smothered under work. 563 01:06:15,820 --> 01:06:17,700 And also I've been bombed out. 564 01:06:18,120 --> 01:06:20,460 And we have a very young baby we adopted. 565 01:06:21,060 --> 01:06:26,520 A three -week -old boy who Eileen and I christened Richard Horatio Blair. 566 01:06:27,400 --> 01:06:29,940 All of which adds to one's work. 567 01:06:30,980 --> 01:06:32,500 Life is pretty full now. 568 01:06:33,220 --> 01:06:36,420 What a wonderful thing to have a kid of one's own. 569 01:06:36,780 --> 01:06:38,340 I've always wanted one so. 570 01:06:41,260 --> 01:06:45,560 This is the Pacific Service from London sending you all greetings and wishing 571 01:06:45,560 --> 01:06:49,640 the best of luck to those of you listening who are serving in our armed 572 01:06:49,640 --> 01:06:54,500 on sea, land or in the air and in the merchant neighbourhood. 573 01:06:54,780 --> 01:06:57,960 BBC, 24th of September, 1943. 574 01:06:59,120 --> 01:07:04,200 Dear Mr Rushbrook Williams, in confirmation of what I said to you 575 01:07:04,200 --> 01:07:07,960 private, I want to tender my resignation from the BBC. 576 01:07:09,230 --> 01:07:12,650 I am not leaving because of any disagreement with BBC policy. 577 01:07:13,110 --> 01:07:17,490 On the contrary, I feel that I have been treated with the greatest generosity 578 01:07:17,490 --> 01:07:19,990 and allowed very great latitude. 579 01:07:20,950 --> 01:07:25,970 I am tendering my resignation because for some time past I have been conscious 580 01:07:25,970 --> 01:07:29,470 that I was wasting my own time and the public money. 581 01:07:30,330 --> 01:07:35,410 I feel that by going back to my normal work of writing and journalism, I could 582 01:07:35,410 --> 01:07:37,590 be more useful than I am at present. 583 01:07:54,990 --> 01:08:00,750 Hotel Sclebe, Rue Sclebe, Paris 9th, 13th of April, 1945. 584 01:08:02,410 --> 01:08:07,490 Dear Tony, I don't know whether you will have heard from some other source about 585 01:08:07,490 --> 01:08:08,490 what has happened. 586 01:08:09,090 --> 01:08:10,150 Eileen is dead. 587 01:08:10,950 --> 01:08:15,670 It was the most horrible thing to happen, because she had had five really 588 01:08:15,670 --> 01:08:20,350 miserable years of bad health and overwork, and things were just beginning 589 01:08:20,350 --> 01:08:21,350 get better. 590 01:08:21,680 --> 01:08:25,899 But it was terribly sad that she should die when she had become so devoted to 591 01:08:25,899 --> 01:08:29,279 Richard and was making such a good job of his upbringing. 592 01:08:30,200 --> 01:08:35,399 Richard, I am glad to say, is very well and for the moment is provided for. 593 01:10:18,090 --> 01:10:21,070 But for a moment, he did not look at her body. 594 01:10:21,810 --> 01:10:26,250 His eyes were anchored by the freckled face with its faint, bold smile. 595 01:10:27,190 --> 01:10:30,910 He knelt down before her and took her hands in his. 596 01:10:32,310 --> 01:10:33,490 Have you done this before? 597 01:10:34,610 --> 01:10:35,610 Of course. 598 01:10:36,890 --> 01:10:37,890 Hundreds of times. 599 01:10:39,950 --> 01:10:41,010 With party members? 600 01:10:41,530 --> 01:10:43,950 Yes. In our party members? 601 01:10:44,530 --> 01:10:45,830 Not with those bastards. 602 01:10:46,540 --> 01:10:47,740 There was plenty who would. 603 01:10:48,720 --> 01:10:49,920 His heart leapt. 604 01:10:57,080 --> 01:11:04,080 In the old days, he thought, a man looked at a girl's body and saw that it 605 01:11:04,080 --> 01:11:06,640 desirable, and that was the end of the story. 606 01:11:07,600 --> 01:11:11,620 But you could not have pure love or pure lust nowadays. 607 01:11:12,740 --> 01:11:14,400 No emotion was pure. 608 01:11:15,070 --> 01:11:18,170 because everything was mixed up with fear and hatred. 609 01:11:19,250 --> 01:11:24,030 Their embrace had been a battle, the climax, a victory. 610 01:11:24,630 --> 01:11:27,370 It was a blow struck against the party. 611 01:11:28,270 --> 01:11:30,210 It was a political act. 612 01:11:38,530 --> 01:11:42,970 In the past, at any rate throughout the Protestant centuries, 613 01:11:44,080 --> 01:11:49,800 The idea of rebellion and the idea of intellectual integrity were mixed up. 614 01:11:50,400 --> 01:11:57,200 A heretic, political, moral, religious or aesthetic, was one who refused 615 01:11:57,200 --> 01:11:59,120 to outrage his own conscience. 616 01:12:00,040 --> 01:12:03,800 His outlook was summed up in the words of the revivalist hymn. 617 01:12:04,360 --> 01:12:05,920 Dare to be a Daniel. 618 01:12:06,200 --> 01:12:07,740 Dare to stand alone. 619 01:12:08,440 --> 01:12:10,480 Dare to have a purpose firm. 620 01:12:10,940 --> 01:12:12,520 Dare to make it known. 621 01:12:14,250 --> 01:12:19,990 To bring this hymn up to date, one would have to add a don't at the beginning of 622 01:12:19,990 --> 01:12:20,990 each line. 623 01:12:41,390 --> 01:12:48,010 When I met Orwell, the author of the essays, I began to appreciate 624 01:12:48,010 --> 01:12:51,010 his extraordinary lucidity. 625 01:12:51,410 --> 01:12:55,490 At the end of the day, it was because of the time of politics that he hated 626 01:12:55,490 --> 01:13:00,790 these totalitarian regimes, which are, at the end of the day, the total 627 01:13:00,790 --> 01:13:02,570 politicization of everything. 628 01:13:02,830 --> 01:13:07,710 And because of the time of politics, he threw himself against these regimes. 629 01:13:23,070 --> 01:13:28,290 Daring to stand alone is ideologically criminal as well as practically 630 01:13:28,290 --> 01:13:29,290 dangerous. 631 01:13:29,750 --> 01:13:34,930 The idea of intellectual liberty is under attack from two directions. 632 01:13:37,070 --> 01:13:42,750 On the one side are its theoretical enemies, the apologists of 633 01:14:14,830 --> 01:14:19,910 Jamal Khashoggi was a Saudi journalist and an outspoken critic of his country's 634 01:14:19,910 --> 01:14:25,090 government. CNN can now reveal Jamal Khashoggi's last words. 635 01:14:25,470 --> 01:14:26,710 I can't breathe. 636 01:14:26,950 --> 01:14:28,070 I can't breathe. 637 01:14:28,310 --> 01:14:34,730 The transcript records many voices and noises. Then says, scream from Jamal. 638 01:14:34,930 --> 01:14:38,730 Again, scream. Then, gasping. 639 01:14:38,950 --> 01:14:43,430 Noises are identified as sore and cutting. 640 01:15:03,430 --> 01:15:09,310 and on the other, its immediate practical enemies, monopoly and 641 01:15:09,670 --> 01:15:16,070 which are actively interested in maintaining the status quo, and 642 01:15:16,070 --> 01:15:19,550 preventing the common man from becoming too intelligent. 643 01:15:42,540 --> 01:15:48,240 The independence of the writer and the artist is eaten away by vague economic 644 01:15:48,240 --> 01:15:53,980 forces. And at the same time, it is undermined by those who should be its 645 01:15:53,980 --> 01:15:54,980 defenders. 646 01:16:15,560 --> 01:16:20,420 We falsely think of our country as a democracy when it has evolved into a 647 01:16:20,420 --> 01:16:26,800 mediocracy, where a media that is supposed to check political abuse is 648 01:16:26,800 --> 01:16:27,800 the political abuse. 649 01:16:46,030 --> 01:16:47,950 This is extremely dangerous to our democracy. 650 01:16:57,970 --> 01:17:04,730 Political writing in our time consists almost entirely of prefabricated 651 01:17:05,130 --> 01:17:09,410 bolted together like the pieces of a child's Meccano set. 652 01:17:10,350 --> 01:17:14,150 dangerous this is extremely dangerous this is extremely dangerous dangerous 653 01:17:14,150 --> 01:17:18,350 democracy democracy we live in the greatest country in the world the 654 01:17:18,350 --> 01:17:22,690 nation history mankind the strongest freest greatest country the greatest 655 01:17:22,690 --> 01:17:27,330 care the greatest universities the greatest schools the greatest rise of 656 01:17:27,330 --> 01:17:30,930 and opportunity the single greatest nation in the history of all mankind the 657 01:17:30,930 --> 01:17:35,700 greatest country ever If we're going to talk about the elite media debate, then 658 01:17:35,700 --> 01:17:40,340 it is still controlled by the corporate owners and the corporate sponsors who, 659 01:17:40,380 --> 01:17:44,880 after all, provide the revenue to keep those machines going, to keep those TV 660 01:17:44,880 --> 01:17:47,340 shows on the air and those radio shows in those papers. 661 01:18:18,230 --> 01:18:25,210 The journalist is unfree and is conscious of unfreedom when he is forced 662 01:18:25,210 --> 01:18:29,550 to write lies or suppress what seems to him important news. 663 01:18:30,670 --> 01:18:31,930 What have you got there, Smith? 664 01:18:36,030 --> 01:18:39,670 This photograph was between the pages of the Gazette. What photograph? 665 01:18:40,390 --> 01:18:43,570 Jones and Rutherford. They confessed to aiding the underground and being in 666 01:18:43,570 --> 01:18:44,590 Eurasia during a week. 667 01:18:44,910 --> 01:18:47,070 But here it says... What are you talking about, Smith? 668 01:18:47,350 --> 01:18:48,690 I don't see any photograph. 669 01:18:58,760 --> 01:19:04,320 I think it's very difficult to avoid going to that pre -prepared thing that 670 01:19:04,320 --> 01:19:07,400 you've got that's got a quote in it, that's got a name in it, that's got 671 01:19:07,400 --> 01:19:12,340 background information in it. It's fed to you to make it easy for you to tell 672 01:19:12,340 --> 01:19:17,240 that way. So what we really require is something countervailing, something on 673 01:19:17,240 --> 01:19:18,240 the other side. 674 01:19:18,540 --> 01:19:23,020 to dig out just that information, that that powerful entity, which might be the 675 01:19:23,020 --> 01:19:26,940 state or might be a private corporation, that they don't want you to hear. 676 01:19:27,160 --> 01:19:31,840 We start with that huge search, the race to save five people who are on board a 677 01:19:31,840 --> 01:19:32,840 submersible. 678 01:19:34,720 --> 01:19:41,640 Everything in our age conspires to turn the writer and 679 01:19:41,640 --> 01:19:45,260 every other kind of artist as well into a minor official. 680 01:19:45,930 --> 01:19:51,590 working on themes handed down from above and never telling what seems to him the 681 01:19:51,590 --> 01:19:52,590 whole of the truth. 682 01:20:18,510 --> 01:20:24,250 What the media does is trivialize what goes on, sensationalizes it, makes it 683 01:20:24,250 --> 01:20:28,270 entertainment, rather than saying, look, the function of the media is to educate 684 01:20:28,270 --> 01:20:31,910 you to live in a democracy, which is pretty serious stuff. 685 01:20:36,270 --> 01:20:41,330 Right, there are 741 no -go zones throughout France, and they're located 686 01:20:41,330 --> 01:20:43,150 ghettos that are called les banlieues. 687 01:20:43,350 --> 01:20:48,170 I've been to Afghanistan, Iraq, and Kashmir, India, and at times it felt 688 01:20:48,410 --> 01:20:49,410 Like that. 689 01:20:52,510 --> 01:20:53,510 Francois Macron. 690 01:20:54,170 --> 01:20:58,370 Emmanuel. Emmanuel or Francois. It seems like every French person, I think their 691 01:20:58,370 --> 01:21:00,370 first name is Francois. Maybe he'll change his name. 692 01:21:00,590 --> 01:21:01,590 Francois. 693 01:21:02,190 --> 01:21:07,050 To write in plain, vigorous language, one has to think fearlessly. 694 01:21:07,570 --> 01:21:12,150 And if one thinks fearlessly, one cannot be politically orthodox. 695 01:21:12,390 --> 01:21:13,390 It was you. 696 01:21:13,410 --> 01:21:14,379 It was you. 697 01:21:14,380 --> 01:21:18,420 that privatized a large chunk of the health service, and you're lying, and 698 01:21:18,420 --> 01:21:19,420 you're lying. 699 01:21:22,600 --> 01:21:23,200 I 700 01:21:23,200 --> 01:21:30,740 think 701 01:21:30,740 --> 01:21:35,220 your fake eyelashes are messing up the situation. 702 01:21:35,660 --> 01:21:40,780 We have a situation in which a significant percentage of the population 703 01:21:40,780 --> 01:21:42,980 vote, doesn't care about the issues. 704 01:21:43,600 --> 01:21:45,220 is tuned out entirely. 705 01:21:45,500 --> 01:21:47,160 It's what we call depoliticized. 706 01:21:47,600 --> 01:21:51,980 In fact, we have a rate of depoliticization in the United States 707 01:21:51,980 --> 01:21:56,840 a tyrant like in Indonesia envious. How can I get one of these vegged out 708 01:21:56,840 --> 01:22:01,000 populations? I say the fact is that I've done more for the black community than 709 01:22:01,000 --> 01:22:04,760 any president since Abraham Lincoln. I say it. Nobody can dispute it. 710 01:22:05,580 --> 01:22:07,020 People listen when I speak. 711 01:22:07,420 --> 01:22:08,420 Black people. 712 01:22:08,940 --> 01:22:13,340 Believe me, I've studied it. I've seen it. And it's incredible. 713 01:22:14,460 --> 01:22:19,320 Black, your physical strength is unmatched. 714 01:22:20,600 --> 01:22:27,120 You have this charm. Black people believe me. Jazz, soul, Rosa Parks, 715 01:22:27,380 --> 01:22:29,580 Cassius Clay Legends, winners, the best. 716 01:22:29,840 --> 01:22:31,060 And you know what? 717 01:22:31,340 --> 01:22:32,500 Black women. 718 01:22:32,760 --> 01:22:37,020 I love black. Black women, they make me so hungry. 719 01:22:37,280 --> 01:22:40,240 People listen when I speak. Hungry for gumbo. 720 01:22:41,610 --> 01:22:42,670 Nobody does it better. 721 01:22:43,530 --> 01:22:45,690 The mugshot, we've all seen the mugshot. 722 01:22:46,110 --> 01:22:51,090 And you know who embraced it more than anybody else? The black population. It's 723 01:22:51,090 --> 01:22:54,270 incredible. You see black people walking around with my mugshot. 724 01:22:55,110 --> 01:23:00,210 This kind of thing is frightening to me because it often gives me the feeling 725 01:23:00,210 --> 01:23:05,110 that the very concept of objective truth is fading out of this world. 726 01:23:07,530 --> 01:23:12,530 An atom bomb exploded in our information ecosystem because social media turned 727 01:23:12,530 --> 01:23:18,630 our world upside down, spreading lies faster than facts, while 728 01:23:18,630 --> 01:23:25,010 amplifying fear and anger, fueling hatred by design 729 01:23:25,010 --> 01:23:26,770 for profit. 730 01:23:27,670 --> 01:23:30,750 Do you affirm the testimony you're about to give before the committee will be 731 01:23:30,750 --> 01:23:33,410 the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you God. 732 01:23:34,540 --> 01:23:41,440 We very much believe that this content is disgusting and that that behavior 733 01:23:41,440 --> 01:23:45,400 is disgusting and reprehensible. We provide in -app reporting tools for the 734 01:23:45,400 --> 01:23:49,120 people who are being harassed. or who have been shared inappropriate sexual 735 01:23:49,120 --> 01:23:52,260 content can report it in the case of harassment or sexual content. 736 01:23:52,480 --> 01:23:55,760 You announced recently that the official policy of Facebook now allows 737 01:23:55,760 --> 01:23:58,440 politicians to pay to spread disinformation. 738 01:23:58,880 --> 01:24:03,960 Well, could I pay to target predominantly black zip codes and 739 01:24:03,960 --> 01:24:05,340 incorrect election date? 740 01:24:06,280 --> 01:24:12,560 No, Congresswoman, you couldn't. We have, even for these policies around... 741 01:24:12,890 --> 01:24:16,850 The newsworthiness of content that politicians say and the general 742 01:24:16,850 --> 01:24:21,170 that I believe that... But you said you're not going to fact check my ads. 743 01:24:21,430 --> 01:24:27,670 We have, if anyone, including a politician, is saying things that can 744 01:24:27,810 --> 01:24:33,090 that is calling for violence or could risk imminent physical harm or voter or 745 01:24:33,090 --> 01:24:36,510 census suppression when we roll out the census suppression policy. 746 01:24:38,030 --> 01:24:41,970 We will take that content down. So would I be able to run advertisements on 747 01:24:41,970 --> 01:24:45,430 Facebook targeting Republicans in primary saying that they voted for the 748 01:24:45,430 --> 01:24:46,430 New Deal? 749 01:24:46,630 --> 01:24:49,230 I mean, if you're not fact -checking political advertisements, I'm just 750 01:24:49,230 --> 01:24:51,090 to understand the bounds here. 751 01:24:51,330 --> 01:24:52,330 What's their game? 752 01:24:52,590 --> 01:24:56,510 I don't know the answer to that off the top of my head. You don't know if I'll 753 01:24:56,510 --> 01:25:00,050 be able to do that. Can you explain why you've named The Daily Caller a 754 01:25:00,050 --> 01:25:05,230 publication well -documented with ties to white supremacists as an official 755 01:25:05,230 --> 01:25:06,230 -checker for Facebook? 756 01:25:06,590 --> 01:25:07,429 Congresswoman, sure. 757 01:25:07,430 --> 01:25:11,290 We actually don't appoint the independent fact -checkers. They go 758 01:25:11,290 --> 01:25:14,950 independent organization called the Independent Fact -Checking Network that 759 01:25:14,950 --> 01:25:19,930 a rigorous standard for who they allow to serve as a fact -checker. 760 01:25:20,750 --> 01:25:27,670 So you would say that white supremacist -tied publications meet 761 01:25:27,670 --> 01:25:29,730 a rigorous standard for fact -checking? 762 01:25:32,970 --> 01:25:37,570 Because of deepfakes, you can't trust your eyes and ears. 763 01:25:38,230 --> 01:25:44,910 Instead of the facts, the inshittification and shitification of 764 01:25:44,910 --> 01:25:47,190 internet is in full bloom. 765 01:25:47,810 --> 01:25:54,690 More trash, more propaganda, more information operations that push our 766 01:25:54,690 --> 01:26:00,670 emotional buttons. We will have to struggle harder for agency, 767 01:26:00,870 --> 01:26:03,110 for independent thought. 768 01:26:03,630 --> 01:26:07,170 And it's not just the tech companies that abdicated responsibility for 769 01:26:07,170 --> 01:26:11,390 protecting us. It's also democratic governments like the United States. 770 01:26:12,390 --> 01:26:16,670 Tech is the least regulated industry around the world. 771 01:27:18,320 --> 01:27:23,980 Barn Hill, Isle of Jura, Argyllshire, 28th of November, 1948. 772 01:27:25,280 --> 01:27:30,260 Dear Gwen, all is well here, and Richard is bursting with energy. 773 01:27:30,860 --> 01:27:35,320 He goes out fishing with the others now, and sometimes catches quite a lot of 774 01:27:35,320 --> 01:27:38,600 fish. The weather just lately has been very nice. 775 01:27:38,980 --> 01:27:44,080 Beautiful, still, sunny days, and not at all cold. But I hardly ever go out of 776 01:27:44,080 --> 01:27:46,680 doors because the smallest exertion upsets me. 777 01:27:47,310 --> 01:27:52,590 The pig has grown to a stupendous size and goes to the butcher next week. We 778 01:27:52,590 --> 01:27:57,170 all longing to get rid of him as he is so destructive and greedy, even gets 779 01:27:57,170 --> 01:27:58,190 the kitchen sometimes. 780 01:27:59,530 --> 01:28:04,230 I have finished my book, which I had been messing about with since some time 781 01:28:04,230 --> 01:28:05,230 1947. 782 01:28:06,230 --> 01:28:07,530 Yours, George. 783 01:29:04,880 --> 01:29:06,120 For the love of God. 784 01:30:29,940 --> 01:30:34,340 The mother is a woman, the father is a man. 785 01:30:57,100 --> 01:30:58,660 April 4th, 1984. 786 01:30:59,840 --> 01:31:02,900 Last night to the flicks. All war films. 787 01:31:03,600 --> 01:31:05,340 One very good one. 788 01:31:05,720 --> 01:31:10,140 Of a ship full of refugees being bombed somewhere in the Mediterranean. 789 01:31:11,400 --> 01:31:17,340 Audience much amused by shots of a great huge fat man trying to swim away with a 790 01:31:17,340 --> 01:31:18,480 helicopter after him. 791 01:31:20,560 --> 01:31:23,900 Then you saw a lifeboat full of children. 792 01:31:24,440 --> 01:31:26,700 with a helicopter hovering over it. 793 01:31:27,300 --> 01:31:32,480 There was a middle -aged woman, might have been a Jewess, sitting up in the 794 01:31:32,480 --> 01:31:36,460 with a little boy, about three years old in her arms. 795 01:31:37,700 --> 01:31:43,120 Then the helicopter planted a 20 -kilo bomb in among them. 796 01:31:44,020 --> 01:31:47,500 Terrific flash, and the boat went all to Mount Wood. 797 01:31:50,820 --> 01:31:53,620 Then there was a wonderful shot of a child's arm. 798 01:31:54,280 --> 01:31:58,460 going up, up, up, right up into the air. 799 01:31:59,060 --> 01:32:03,140 A helicopter with a camera in its nose must have followed it up. 800 01:32:03,680 --> 01:32:06,680 There was a lot of applause from the party seats. 801 01:32:09,140 --> 01:32:14,400 Winston stops writing, partly because he was suffering from cramp. 802 01:32:24,810 --> 01:32:27,550 Lord, a piece of work is the pursuit of truth. 803 01:32:31,010 --> 01:32:33,310 Don't be a writer, Richard, whatever you do. 804 01:32:35,050 --> 01:32:36,410 Be a farmer. 805 01:32:38,650 --> 01:32:39,750 Grow things. 806 01:32:41,070 --> 01:32:42,190 Keep goats. 807 01:32:47,770 --> 01:32:53,470 Our civilization is decadent, and our language so the argument runs. 808 01:32:54,240 --> 01:32:57,320 must inevitably share in the general collapse. 809 01:32:58,500 --> 01:33:04,600 The words democracy, socialism, freedom, patriotic, 810 01:33:04,840 --> 01:33:11,700 realistic, justice, have each of them several different meanings which 811 01:33:11,700 --> 01:33:13,800 cannot be reconciled with one another. 812 01:33:21,750 --> 01:33:26,990 But if thought corrupts language, language can also corrupt thought. 813 01:33:27,690 --> 01:33:28,930 Here's the truth. 814 01:33:29,770 --> 01:33:31,510 Israel seeks peace. 815 01:33:32,450 --> 01:33:34,190 Israel yearns for peace. 816 01:33:34,810 --> 01:33:38,490 Israel has made peace and will make peace again. 817 01:34:50,120 --> 01:34:55,560 Political language is designed to make lies sound truthful and murder 818 01:34:55,560 --> 01:34:56,560 respectable. 819 01:35:07,320 --> 01:35:12,460 Barnhill, Isle of Jura, 22nd of October, 1948. 820 01:35:14,180 --> 01:35:18,840 Dear Fred, I have just had Sartre's book on antisemitism. 821 01:35:19,420 --> 01:35:20,940 which you published to review. 822 01:35:21,880 --> 01:35:26,140 I think Sartre is a bag of wind, and I'm going to give him a good boot. 823 01:35:26,880 --> 01:35:33,280 The less talk there is about the Jew or the anti -Semite as a species of animal 824 01:35:33,280 --> 01:35:36,220 different from ourselves, the better. 825 01:36:18,600 --> 01:36:21,660 At the start of 2024, Google cut 1 ,000 jobs. 826 01:36:21,900 --> 01:36:27,160 Why? Pichai says it's about removing layers to simplify execution. 827 01:36:28,200 --> 01:36:32,720 Tesla, we're told the company will lay off over 10 % of its workforce. 828 01:36:33,440 --> 01:36:36,800 UPS announced it will lay off 12 ,000 employees. 829 01:36:37,300 --> 01:36:42,700 The practice of stack ranking employees might be making a comeback in Silicon 830 01:36:42,700 --> 01:36:45,360 Valley. The layoffs are already piling up this year. 831 01:36:46,000 --> 01:36:49,700 The layoffs in technology just keep coming. The latest, Google cutting 832 01:36:49,700 --> 01:36:50,700 of jobs. 833 01:36:50,760 --> 01:36:54,580 Okay, it's one thing to do that, to decide that at a high level. Then the 834 01:36:54,580 --> 01:36:57,720 question is, how do you execute that as compassionately as possible? And there's 835 01:36:57,720 --> 01:36:58,720 no good way. 836 01:37:00,420 --> 01:37:04,180 There's no perfect way, for sure. And it's going to be tough no matter what. 837 01:37:04,180 --> 01:37:08,040 as a leadership team here, we've certainly spent a lot of time just 838 01:37:08,100 --> 01:37:11,140 okay, what is the most compassionate way that we can do this? 839 01:37:24,040 --> 01:37:29,460 From where Winston stood, it was just possible to read, picked out on its 840 01:37:29,460 --> 01:37:33,740 face in elegant lettering, the three slogans of the party. 841 01:37:34,220 --> 01:37:36,000 Freedom is slavery. 842 01:37:36,800 --> 01:37:39,020 War is peace. 843 01:37:40,140 --> 01:37:42,000 Ignorance is strength. 844 01:37:55,950 --> 01:37:57,270 Again, how many fingers? 845 01:38:00,190 --> 01:38:01,190 I don't know. 846 01:38:02,910 --> 01:38:03,930 I don't know. 847 01:38:05,470 --> 01:38:07,690 Four, five, six. 848 01:38:08,950 --> 01:38:11,370 In all honesty, I don't know. 849 01:38:25,150 --> 01:38:26,590 of February 1949. 850 01:38:28,190 --> 01:38:32,790 Dear Julian, I wonder how you and your family are getting on. 851 01:38:33,570 --> 01:38:36,170 I have been in this place about a month. 852 01:38:36,730 --> 01:38:41,550 I think I told you last time I wrote that I had been feeling very bad again. 853 01:38:42,810 --> 01:38:48,270 Richard is getting on for five now and is enormous and very healthy, though 854 01:38:48,270 --> 01:38:50,590 still not interested in learning his letters. 855 01:38:51,630 --> 01:38:53,710 I suppose this coming winter... 856 01:38:54,510 --> 01:38:59,270 He will have to start going to school, which he is certain to enjoy, as he is 857 01:38:59,270 --> 01:39:00,330 very gregarious. 858 01:39:22,550 --> 01:39:23,990 Cranham, 8th of April. 859 01:39:25,839 --> 01:39:31,940 1949. Dear Richard, don't depress the others too much with this, but the fact 860 01:39:31,940 --> 01:39:33,600 I am in a bad way at present. 861 01:39:34,360 --> 01:39:36,800 They are going to try streptomycin again. 862 01:39:37,680 --> 01:39:43,600 If things go badly, of course we'll hope they won't, but one must be prepared 863 01:39:43,600 --> 01:39:44,600 for the worst. 864 01:39:44,880 --> 01:39:50,060 I'll ask you to bring little Richard to see me, before I get too frightening an 865 01:39:50,060 --> 01:39:51,060 appearance. 866 01:40:22,369 --> 01:40:26,250 Cranham, Gloucester, 22nd of August, 1949. 867 01:40:27,870 --> 01:40:34,710 Dear Fred, could you please send one copy each of Burmese Days and Coming Up 868 01:40:34,710 --> 01:40:38,090 Air to Sonia Brownell, Care of Horizon. 869 01:40:39,710 --> 01:40:43,990 As I warned you I might do, I intend getting married again. 870 01:40:44,590 --> 01:40:45,770 To Sonia. 871 01:40:46,870 --> 01:40:50,170 When I am once again in the land of the living. 872 01:40:50,860 --> 01:40:55,560 If I ever am, I suppose everyone will be horrified. 873 01:40:56,480 --> 01:41:02,460 But apart from other considerations, I really think I should stay alive longer 874 01:41:02,460 --> 01:41:04,360 if I were married. 875 01:41:08,720 --> 01:41:10,340 One, two. 876 01:41:11,160 --> 01:41:13,040 One, two. 877 01:41:13,880 --> 01:41:15,640 One, two. 878 01:41:17,060 --> 01:41:18,060 One... 879 01:41:22,429 --> 01:41:23,830 6079 Smith W? 880 01:41:24,870 --> 01:41:25,910 Yes, you. 881 01:41:26,410 --> 01:41:27,410 Bend lower. 882 01:41:28,950 --> 01:41:32,410 Winston wrenched his body out of bed, naked. 883 01:41:32,890 --> 01:41:35,910 The physical jerks would begin in three minutes. 884 01:41:36,150 --> 01:41:41,530 The next moment, he was doubled up by a violent coughing fit, which nearly 885 01:41:41,530 --> 01:41:43,990 always attacked him soon after waking up. 886 01:41:44,290 --> 01:41:50,470 It emptied his lungs so completely that he could only begin breathing again by 887 01:41:50,470 --> 01:41:51,470 lying on his back. 888 01:41:52,140 --> 01:41:54,360 and taking a series of deep gasps. 889 01:42:06,960 --> 01:42:13,720 Dear Francis A. Henson of the United Automobile Workers, my recent novel 890 01:42:13,720 --> 01:42:20,280 is not intended as an attack on socialism or on the British Labour 891 01:42:20,280 --> 01:42:21,440 which I am a supporter. 892 01:42:22,320 --> 01:42:28,000 but as a show -up of the perversions to which a centralized economy is liable 893 01:42:28,000 --> 01:42:33,600 and which have already been partly realized in communism and fascism. 894 01:42:34,140 --> 01:42:39,420 I do not believe that the kind of society I describe necessarily will 895 01:42:39,640 --> 01:42:43,820 but I believe that something resembling it could arrive. 896 01:42:44,480 --> 01:42:48,900 And I have tried to draw these ideas out to their logical consequences. 897 01:42:49,900 --> 01:42:55,530 The scene of the book, is laid in Britain in order to emphasize that the 898 01:42:55,530 --> 01:43:01,410 -speaking races are not innately better than anyone else, and that 899 01:43:01,410 --> 01:43:06,450 totalitarianism, if not fought against, could triumph anywhere. 900 01:43:11,630 --> 01:43:12,990 We are the dead. 901 01:43:15,410 --> 01:43:16,830 We are the dead. 902 01:43:21,800 --> 01:43:25,840 exactly where you are. Make no move until you are ordered. 903 01:43:40,360 --> 01:43:41,360 Don't resist. 904 01:43:41,800 --> 01:43:43,220 Stand in the middle of the room. 905 01:43:45,740 --> 01:43:48,120 Do not touch one another. 906 01:43:51,080 --> 01:43:52,080 Take the woman. 907 01:43:53,020 --> 01:43:54,900 No, don't let her take me! 908 01:43:55,320 --> 01:43:56,660 No! No! 909 01:43:57,180 --> 01:43:58,180 No! 910 01:43:58,280 --> 01:44:03,420 I warned you it wouldn't be as peaceful here as you would like. 911 01:44:05,100 --> 01:44:07,080 Nothing is hidden from the thought police. 912 01:44:19,210 --> 01:44:22,670 How does one man assert his power over another, Winston? 913 01:44:24,230 --> 01:44:25,250 Winston thought. 914 01:44:26,350 --> 01:44:28,850 By making him suffer, he said. 915 01:44:29,950 --> 01:44:32,550 Exactly. By making him suffer. 916 01:44:39,590 --> 01:44:40,950 Obedience is not enough. 917 01:44:41,690 --> 01:44:43,150 Unless he is suffering. 918 01:44:44,290 --> 01:44:47,170 How can you be sure that he is obeying your will? 919 01:44:47,680 --> 01:44:48,780 and not his own. 920 01:44:50,520 --> 01:44:54,540 Power is in inflicting pain and humiliation. 921 01:44:58,880 --> 01:45:05,520 Power is in tearing human minds to pieces and putting them together again 922 01:45:05,520 --> 01:45:07,600 shapes of your own choosing. 923 01:45:16,490 --> 01:45:17,490 Not to me. 924 01:45:17,530 --> 01:45:18,530 Not to me. 925 01:45:23,030 --> 01:45:28,410 If you want a vision of the future, Winston, imagine a boot stamping on a 926 01:45:28,410 --> 01:45:29,410 face forever. 927 01:45:35,350 --> 01:45:36,350 Do it to her. 928 01:45:37,050 --> 01:45:38,050 Do it to Julia. 929 01:45:39,230 --> 01:45:41,230 I don't care what you do to her, but do it to her. 930 01:45:41,510 --> 01:45:43,710 Tear her face off and do it to Julia, not to me. 931 01:45:54,920 --> 01:45:58,720 Do you begin to see, then, what kind of world we are creating? 932 01:46:38,800 --> 01:46:43,820 All we have done is to advance to a point at which we could make a real 933 01:46:43,820 --> 01:46:45,720 improvement in human life. 934 01:46:46,600 --> 01:46:52,700 But we shan't do it without the recognition that common decency is 935 01:47:13,290 --> 01:47:19,690 My chief hope for the future is that the common people have never parted company 936 01:47:19,690 --> 01:47:21,830 with their moral code. 937 01:48:55,540 --> 01:48:56,880 I betrayed you. 938 01:48:57,460 --> 01:48:58,840 I betrayed you. 939 01:48:59,380 --> 01:49:00,900 I told them all about you. 940 01:49:01,180 --> 01:49:02,760 Yes, I told them about you too. 941 01:49:06,800 --> 01:49:11,500 I ask only for you to accept my love of our leader. 942 01:49:12,540 --> 01:49:15,120 I love Big. 943 01:49:15,710 --> 01:49:17,650 John? Run with Big Brother! 944 01:49:17,890 --> 01:49:19,090 Run with Big Brother! 945 01:49:19,330 --> 01:49:20,490 Run with Big Brother! 946 01:49:20,850 --> 01:49:22,050 Run with Big Brother! 947 01:49:22,490 --> 01:49:23,590 Run with Big Brother! 948 01:49:47,210 --> 01:49:53,030 Ladies and gentlemen, please welcome the next president of the United States, 949 01:49:53,450 --> 01:49:55,650 President Donald J. 950 01:49:55,950 --> 01:49:56,950 Trump. 951 01:49:59,990 --> 01:50:06,370 The greatest fear that I have regarding the outcome for America of these 952 01:50:06,370 --> 01:50:08,110 disclosures is that nothing will change. 953 01:50:09,090 --> 01:50:14,430 People will see in the media all of these disclosures. They'll know the 954 01:50:15,920 --> 01:50:21,780 government is going to grant themselves powers unilaterally to 955 01:50:21,780 --> 01:50:27,000 create greater control over American society and global society. 956 01:50:27,400 --> 01:50:34,300 But they won't be willing to take the risks necessary to stand up and 957 01:50:34,300 --> 01:50:41,300 fight to change things, to force their representatives to actually take a stand 958 01:50:41,300 --> 01:50:42,300 in their interests. 959 01:50:42,520 --> 01:50:45,660 In four years, you don't have to vote again. We'll have it fixed so good 960 01:50:45,660 --> 01:50:46,660 not going to have to vote. 961 01:50:52,040 --> 01:50:54,480 How do we solve collective action problems? 962 01:50:55,080 --> 01:50:56,900 We solve them with democracy. 963 01:50:57,740 --> 01:51:01,540 So there is one thing that surveillance capitalists fear. 964 01:51:01,960 --> 01:51:07,540 It may not be me as an individual or you as an individual or your son or 965 01:51:07,540 --> 01:51:08,540 daughter as an individual. 966 01:51:09,130 --> 01:51:13,290 But what they fear is all of us mobilized together now. 967 01:51:28,630 --> 01:51:33,690 If there is hope, wrote Winston, it lies in the proles. 968 01:51:34,490 --> 01:51:37,550 If there was hope, it must lie. 969 01:51:38,090 --> 01:51:39,090 in the proles. 970 01:51:39,850 --> 01:51:46,590 Because only there, in those swarming, disregarded masses, 85 % 971 01:51:46,590 --> 01:51:52,430 of the population of Oceania could the force to destroy the party ever be 972 01:51:52,430 --> 01:51:53,430 generated. 973 01:51:54,430 --> 01:51:59,330 The party could not be overthrown from within. 974 01:53:14,860 --> 01:53:15,860 University College Hospital. 975 01:53:16,980 --> 01:53:18,340 How did you sleep? 976 01:53:21,100 --> 01:53:23,220 7 to 7 .30 a .m. 977 01:53:24,960 --> 01:53:26,100 Temperature taken. 978 01:53:28,160 --> 01:53:30,260 7 .30 to 8 .00. 979 01:53:31,840 --> 01:53:32,840 Planket bath. 980 01:53:34,500 --> 01:53:35,740 Back rubbed. 981 01:53:37,560 --> 01:53:38,680 10 .30. 982 01:53:40,420 --> 01:53:43,020 Ward maid comes to the suite room. 983 01:53:48,330 --> 01:53:49,330 6 .45. 984 01:53:49,990 --> 01:53:50,990 Dinner. 985 01:53:52,110 --> 01:53:53,110 10. 986 01:53:53,830 --> 01:53:54,970 Temperature taken. 987 01:53:56,050 --> 01:53:58,030 A drink of some sort. 988 01:54:00,070 --> 01:54:01,490 10 .30 about. 989 01:54:03,430 --> 01:54:04,930 Bed tipped. 990 01:54:05,570 --> 01:54:07,710 And light put out. 991 01:54:08,830 --> 01:54:10,010 Shortly after. 992 01:56:19,500 --> 01:56:21,380 I'm done with you. 993 01:56:23,860 --> 01:56:26,100 You want to be safe. 994 01:56:29,480 --> 01:56:31,220 What do you prefer? 995 01:56:32,380 --> 01:56:38,880 To be safe or to be free? 996 01:56:40,740 --> 01:56:43,400 I am watching you. 997 01:56:44,340 --> 01:56:46,040 Watching you. 998 01:56:50,510 --> 01:56:56,290 You know I love you, you know that I love you, and this is for your 999 01:56:56,290 --> 01:56:58,310 safety. 1000 01:57:38,250 --> 01:57:43,150 need to think. You don't need to worry, worry. 1001 01:57:44,350 --> 01:57:50,490 You want to be safe, but I'm here. I'm here for you. 1002 01:57:55,590 --> 01:57:57,450 Yeah, yeah, yeah. 1003 01:57:58,250 --> 01:58:01,490 I'm here for you. 1004 01:58:55,560 --> 01:59:02,160 you prefer so I am watching you watching you 1005 01:59:02,160 --> 01:59:06,160 cause I love you and I want 83551

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