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1
00:02:20,110 --> 00:02:26,490
When I sit down to write a book, I do
not say to myself, I'm going to produce
2
00:02:26,490 --> 00:02:27,490
work of art.
3
00:02:29,230 --> 00:02:36,010
I write it because there is some lie
that I want to expose, some fact to
4
00:02:36,010 --> 00:02:37,010
want to draw attention.
5
00:02:38,710 --> 00:02:41,790
And my initial concern is to get a
hearing.
6
00:02:44,430 --> 00:02:48,690
My starting point is always a feeling of
partisanship.
7
00:02:49,930 --> 00:02:51,470
A sense of injustice.
8
00:02:59,190 --> 00:03:00,290
Two and two.
9
00:03:01,610 --> 00:03:03,630
Four. Again?
10
00:03:03,950 --> 00:03:05,570
Four. Good.
11
00:03:05,890 --> 00:03:08,390
There are people who will tell you the
answer's five.
12
00:03:11,670 --> 00:03:13,730
Usually they're called governments.
13
00:03:15,810 --> 00:03:16,930
Great leaders.
14
00:03:19,280 --> 00:03:23,960
It becomes very important to them that
the people should believe that the
15
00:03:23,960 --> 00:03:24,960
is five.
16
00:03:26,100 --> 00:03:27,300
They'll tell you lies.
17
00:03:29,460 --> 00:03:30,660
They'll torture you.
18
00:03:32,960 --> 00:03:33,960
They'll kill you.
19
00:03:36,600 --> 00:03:43,240
At the moment of death, you must still
insist that the answer is
20
00:03:43,240 --> 00:03:44,240
four.
21
00:04:12,720 --> 00:04:14,640
April 18th, 1984.
22
00:04:17,500 --> 00:04:24,460
Nobody keeps a diary today because to do
so would be punishable by death.
23
00:04:30,480 --> 00:04:31,960
I don't care anymore.
24
00:04:33,540 --> 00:04:35,840
I found this old book by chance.
25
00:04:38,060 --> 00:04:41,160
And I'm going to set down what I dare
not say aloud.
26
00:04:41,760 --> 00:04:42,280
to anyone
27
00:04:42,280 --> 00:04:52,100
this
28
00:04:52,100 --> 00:04:58,940
in 1984 is london chief city of airstrip
one a province
29
00:04:58,940 --> 00:05:00,480
of the state of oceania
30
00:05:18,090 --> 00:05:24,710
From a very early age, perhaps the age
of five or six, I knew that when I grew
31
00:05:24,710 --> 00:05:26,430
up, I should be a writer.
32
00:05:27,950 --> 00:05:33,510
I had the lonely child's habit of making
up stories and holding conversations
33
00:05:33,510 --> 00:05:35,330
with imaginary persons.
34
00:05:36,990 --> 00:05:42,590
I knew that I had a facility with words
and a power of facing unpleasant facts.
35
00:05:43,970 --> 00:05:47,270
And I felt that this created a sort of
private world.
36
00:05:47,500 --> 00:05:51,840
in which I could get my own back for my
failure in everyday life.
37
00:05:53,680 --> 00:05:56,840
I wanted to write enormous naturalistic
novels.
38
00:06:41,320 --> 00:06:43,020
. .
39
00:06:43,020 --> 00:06:56,820
.
40
00:06:56,820 --> 00:06:58,600
. .
41
00:07:17,480 --> 00:07:22,820
I do not think one can assess a writer's
motives without knowing something of
42
00:07:22,820 --> 00:07:23,880
his early development.
43
00:07:36,320 --> 00:07:40,720
His subject matter will be determined by
the age he lives in.
44
00:07:40,960 --> 00:07:46,520
At least this is true in tumultuous
revolutionary ages like our own.
45
00:07:56,460 --> 00:08:01,880
When I was not yet twenty, I went to
Burma, in the Indian Imperial Police.
46
00:08:06,340 --> 00:08:12,400
In an outpost of empire like Burma, the
class question appeared at first sight
47
00:08:12,400 --> 00:08:13,580
to have been shelved.
48
00:08:14,540 --> 00:08:19,160
Most of the white men in Burma were not
of the type who in England would be
49
00:08:19,160 --> 00:08:20,160
called gentlemen.
50
00:08:20,760 --> 00:08:22,420
But they were white men.
51
00:08:22,920 --> 00:08:27,640
in contradistinction to the other and
inferior class, the natives.
52
00:08:31,080 --> 00:08:36,280
In the free air of England, that kind of
thing is not fully intelligible.
53
00:08:37,600 --> 00:08:42,080
In order to hate imperialism, you have
got to be part of it.
54
00:08:42,659 --> 00:08:48,200
But it is not possible to be part of
such a system without recognizing it as
55
00:08:48,200 --> 00:08:49,860
unjustifiable tyranny.
56
00:08:51,310 --> 00:08:54,810
Even the thicker -skinned Anglo -Indian
is aware of this.
57
00:08:55,610 --> 00:09:00,970
Every native face he sees in the street
brings home to him his monstrous
58
00:09:00,970 --> 00:09:01,970
intrusion.
59
00:09:03,550 --> 00:09:09,790
But I was in the police, which is to say
that I was part of the actual machinery
60
00:09:09,790 --> 00:09:11,470
of despotism.
61
00:09:19,530 --> 00:09:26,470
When I came home on leave in 1927, I was
already half determined to throw
62
00:09:26,470 --> 00:09:30,650
up my job, and one sniff of English air
decided me.
63
00:09:32,030 --> 00:09:37,910
For five years, I had been part of an
oppressive system, and it had left me
64
00:09:37,910 --> 00:09:38,910
a bad conscience.
65
00:09:40,270 --> 00:09:47,150
Innumerable remembered faces, faces of
prisoners in the dock, of men waiting
66
00:09:47,150 --> 00:09:48,550
in the condemned cells.
67
00:09:49,240 --> 00:09:55,700
Of subordinates I had bullied, and aged
peasants I had snubbed. Of servants and
68
00:09:55,700 --> 00:10:01,600
coolies I had hit with my fist in
moments of rage, haunted me intolerably.
69
00:10:43,150 --> 00:10:47,650
No book is genuinely free from political
bias.
70
00:10:48,970 --> 00:10:55,090
The opinion that art should have nothing
to do with politics is itself a
71
00:10:55,090 --> 00:10:56,090
political attitude.
72
00:11:37,870 --> 00:11:42,650
It reduced everything to the simple
theory that the oppressed are always
73
00:11:42,650 --> 00:11:45,470
and the oppressors are always wrong.
74
00:11:46,210 --> 00:11:51,730
A mistaken theory, but the natural
result of being one of the oppressors
75
00:11:51,730 --> 00:11:52,730
yourself.
76
00:12:13,160 --> 00:12:18,780
A society becomes totalitarian when its
structure becomes flagrantly artificial.
77
00:12:19,780 --> 00:12:26,440
That is, when its ruling class has lost
its function, but succeeds in clinging
78
00:12:26,440 --> 00:12:29,400
to power by force or fraud.
79
00:12:30,740 --> 00:12:36,400
But to be corrupted by totalitarianism,
one does not have to live in a
80
00:12:36,400 --> 00:12:37,520
totalitarian country.
81
00:12:50,060 --> 00:12:53,380
Tonight I want to take a few minutes to
discuss a grave threat to peace.
82
00:12:53,840 --> 00:12:55,300
The threat comes from Iraq.
83
00:12:57,240 --> 00:13:03,140
It arises directly from the Iraqi
regime's own actions, its history of
84
00:13:03,140 --> 00:13:07,680
aggression, and its drive toward an
arsenal of terror.
85
00:13:08,260 --> 00:13:12,760
We are at war with the people of
Eurasia, the vile and ruthless
86
00:13:12,760 --> 00:13:16,260
have committed countless atrocities and
who are guilty of every bestial crime a
87
00:13:16,260 --> 00:13:17,260
human being can commit.
88
00:13:22,600 --> 00:13:29,400
When Iraq finally admitted having these
weapons in 1995, the quantities
89
00:13:29,400 --> 00:13:30,399
were vast.
90
00:13:30,400 --> 00:13:37,080
Less than a teaspoon of dry anthrax, a
little bit about this amount. This kind
91
00:13:37,080 --> 00:13:42,300
of thing happens everywhere, but it is
clearly likelier to lead to outright
92
00:13:42,300 --> 00:13:48,920
falsification in societies where only
one opinion is permissible at any given
93
00:13:48,920 --> 00:13:49,920
moment.
94
00:14:14,960 --> 00:14:21,000
practiced by totalitarian states is not,
as is sometimes claimed, a temporary
95
00:14:21,000 --> 00:14:24,720
expedient of the same nature as military
deception.
96
00:14:25,520 --> 00:14:31,740
It is something integral to
totalitarianism, something that would
97
00:14:31,740 --> 00:14:37,780
even if concentration camps and secret
police forces had ceased to be
98
00:14:40,480 --> 00:14:47,040
Totalitarianism demands, in fact, The
continuous alteration of the past, and
99
00:14:47,040 --> 00:14:52,600
the long run, probably demands a
disbelief in the very existence of
100
00:14:52,600 --> 00:14:53,600
truth.
101
00:15:00,820 --> 00:15:07,220
How many fingers am I holding up,
Winston?
102
00:15:07,420 --> 00:15:11,940
Four. And if Big Brother were to say not
four, but five?
103
00:15:12,850 --> 00:15:13,850
Then how many?
104
00:15:16,230 --> 00:15:17,230
Four.
105
00:15:17,830 --> 00:15:21,050
How many fingers, Winston?
106
00:15:21,810 --> 00:15:22,809
Stop it.
107
00:15:22,810 --> 00:15:23,950
Anything in a five.
108
00:15:24,370 --> 00:15:28,710
No, no, Winston. Winston, that is no
use. You are lying. You still think you
109
00:15:28,710 --> 00:15:30,410
four. How can I help what I see? Five.
110
00:15:30,850 --> 00:15:34,950
Two and two do not always make four,
Winston. Sometimes they make five.
111
00:15:35,050 --> 00:15:36,590
how many fingers am I holding up?
112
00:15:40,150 --> 00:15:41,570
August 26th.
113
00:15:41,950 --> 00:15:42,950
1946.
114
00:15:43,630 --> 00:15:48,550
A few showers in the afternoon,
otherwise a beautiful day.
115
00:15:49,990 --> 00:15:55,970
When the breeze drops, the midges were
so bad as to make it almost impossible
116
00:15:55,970 --> 00:16:02,590
work. One is actually breathing them
into one's nostrils, and the irritation
117
00:16:02,590 --> 00:16:03,590
maddening.
118
00:16:11,370 --> 00:16:16,970
I was born into what you might describe
as the lower -upper middle class.
119
00:16:19,510 --> 00:16:25,650
People in this class owned no land, but
they felt that they were landowners in
120
00:16:25,650 --> 00:16:31,070
the sight of God and kept up a semi
-aristocratic outlook by going into the
121
00:16:31,070 --> 00:16:35,390
professions and the fighting services
rather than into trade.
122
00:16:38,870 --> 00:16:44,820
To belong to this class, when you were
at the 400 pound a year level, was a
123
00:16:44,820 --> 00:16:50,380
queer business, for it meant that your
gentility was almost purely theoretical.
124
00:16:52,080 --> 00:16:57,120
Small boys used to count the plum stones
on their plates and foretell their
125
00:16:57,120 --> 00:17:02,940
destiny by chanting, Army, Navy, Church,
Medicine, Law.
126
00:17:06,180 --> 00:17:10,460
Theoretically, you knew all about
servants and how to tip them.
127
00:17:11,000 --> 00:17:15,780
although in practice you had one, at
most two, resident servants.
128
00:17:18,180 --> 00:17:22,619
Theoretically, you knew how to wear your
clothes and how to order a dinner,
129
00:17:22,760 --> 00:17:28,840
although in practice you could never
afford to go to a decent tailor or a
130
00:17:28,840 --> 00:17:29,840
restaurant.
131
00:17:31,000 --> 00:17:36,860
Theoretically, you knew how to shoot and
ride, although in practice you had no
132
00:17:36,860 --> 00:17:39,820
horses to ride, not an inch of ground.
133
00:17:40,300 --> 00:17:41,300
to shoot over.
134
00:17:43,000 --> 00:17:48,940
It was this that explained the
attraction of India, more recently
135
00:17:49,220 --> 00:17:53,140
Nigeria, etc., for the lower upper
middle class.
136
00:17:54,640 --> 00:18:00,000
The people who went there as soldiers
and officials did not go there to make
137
00:18:00,000 --> 00:18:04,380
money, for a soldier or an official does
not want money.
138
00:18:04,740 --> 00:18:09,300
They went there because in India, with
cheap horses,
139
00:18:10,030 --> 00:18:12,970
Free -shooting and hordes of black
servants.
140
00:18:13,170 --> 00:18:17,170
It was so easy to play at being a
gentleman
141
00:18:17,170 --> 00:18:22,930
This
142
00:18:22,930 --> 00:18:29,730
is your cook named Heather
143
00:18:29,730 --> 00:18:32,230
And this is
144
00:18:32,230 --> 00:18:37,770
Juma
145
00:18:40,360 --> 00:18:42,180
Houseboy. Too much.
146
00:18:43,800 --> 00:18:44,800
Gentleman's up.
147
00:18:45,680 --> 00:18:48,080
Come. To your house.
148
00:19:01,520 --> 00:19:06,340
Under the capitalist system, in order
that England may live in comparative
149
00:19:06,340 --> 00:19:07,340
comfort,
150
00:19:07,960 --> 00:19:11,500
100 million Indians must live on the
verge of starvation.
151
00:19:13,360 --> 00:19:19,620
The alternative is to throw the empire
overboard and reduce England to a cold
152
00:19:19,620 --> 00:19:24,940
and unimportant little island where we
should all have to work very hard and
153
00:19:24,940 --> 00:19:27,160
live mainly on herrings and potatoes.
154
00:19:28,980 --> 00:19:35,560
The fact that has got to be faced is
that to abolish class distinctions means
155
00:19:35,560 --> 00:19:37,000
abolishing a part of yourself.
156
00:19:40,200 --> 00:19:43,740
Here am I, a typical member of the
middle class.
157
00:19:44,300 --> 00:19:51,240
All my notions, notions of good and
evil, of pleasant and unpleasant,
158
00:19:51,640 --> 00:19:58,260
of funny and serious, of ugly and
beautiful, are essentially
159
00:19:58,260 --> 00:19:59,520
middle class notions.
160
00:20:10,350 --> 00:20:15,350
Ward 3, Herrmeyer's Hospital, East
Kilbride, near Glasgow.
161
00:20:16,430 --> 00:20:18,510
1st of January, 1948.
162
00:20:26,810 --> 00:20:31,210
Dear Gwen, I believe Mr. Dick sent you a
line about my case.
163
00:20:31,830 --> 00:20:37,450
He said I had a fairly extensive cavity
in the left lung, and also a small patch
164
00:20:37,450 --> 00:20:38,710
at the top of the other lung.
165
00:20:40,040 --> 00:20:45,040
The treatment they are giving me is to
put the left lung out of action, which
166
00:20:45,040 --> 00:20:46,960
supposed to give it a better chance to
heal.
167
00:20:48,480 --> 00:20:52,140
For the rest, I am still really very ill
and weak.
168
00:20:53,400 --> 00:20:57,280
It is a nice hospital, and everyone is
extremely kind to me.
169
00:20:58,060 --> 00:21:01,600
But I have, of course, done no work for
two or three months.
170
00:21:25,900 --> 00:21:31,320
Some Eurasian prisoners, guilty of war
crimes, were to be hanged in the park
171
00:21:31,320 --> 00:21:33,960
that evening, Winston remembered.
172
00:21:35,100 --> 00:21:39,060
This happened about once a month and was
a popular spectacle.
173
00:21:40,760 --> 00:21:43,440
Children always clamoured to be taken to
see it.
174
00:21:43,780 --> 00:21:48,380
Why can't we go and see the hanging,
roared the boy in his huge voice.
175
00:21:49,140 --> 00:21:53,760
Want to see the hanging, chanted the
little girl, still capering round.
176
00:21:58,280 --> 00:22:02,020
The warders had formed in a rough circle
around the gallows.
177
00:22:02,760 --> 00:22:08,540
And then, when the noose was fixed, the
prisoner began crying out on his god.
178
00:22:18,720 --> 00:22:20,120
Minutes seemed to pass.
179
00:22:20,740 --> 00:22:25,640
The steady, muffled crying from the
prisoner went on and on.
180
00:22:26,960 --> 00:22:32,260
We looked at the lashed, hooded man on
the drop and listened to his cries.
181
00:22:32,780 --> 00:22:35,380
Each cry another second of life.
182
00:22:35,820 --> 00:22:38,340
Oh, kill him quickly. Get it over.
183
00:22:38,700 --> 00:22:40,880
Stop that abominable noise.
184
00:22:48,380 --> 00:22:55,100
Most people approve of capital
punishment.
185
00:22:56,080 --> 00:22:59,380
But most people wouldn't do the
hangman's job.
186
00:23:02,260 --> 00:23:06,480
They don't represent us. They need to
pay the ultimate price for their crime.
187
00:23:06,700 --> 00:23:08,980
An example needs to be made.
188
00:23:09,420 --> 00:23:11,700
Get in there.
189
00:23:13,000 --> 00:23:15,240
Get the f*** in there.
190
00:23:15,740 --> 00:23:16,740
Let's get them.
191
00:23:17,900 --> 00:23:20,580
Sing them up. We can take that place.
192
00:23:22,740 --> 00:23:24,000
And then do what?
193
00:23:27,460 --> 00:23:30,220
They were peaceful people. These were
great people.
194
00:23:30,700 --> 00:23:32,800
The crowd was unbelievable.
195
00:23:33,280 --> 00:23:36,940
And I mentioned the word love, the love,
the love in the air. I've never seen
196
00:23:36,940 --> 00:23:37,940
anything like it.
197
00:24:37,250 --> 00:24:41,910
FBI operatives were organizing the
attack on the Capitol.
198
00:24:55,490 --> 00:24:59,610
I don't believe they were Trump
supporters that did that. I think they
199
00:24:59,610 --> 00:25:01,430
enticed by the FBI.
200
00:25:04,620 --> 00:25:11,060
A totalitarian state is in effect a
theocracy, and its ruling caste,
201
00:25:11,260 --> 00:25:16,060
in order to keep its position, has to be
thought of as infallible.
202
00:25:17,600 --> 00:25:21,440
Congress has certified the results. I
don't want to say the election's over. I
203
00:25:21,440 --> 00:25:26,300
just want to say Congress has certified
the results without saying the
204
00:25:26,300 --> 00:25:27,300
election's over, okay?
205
00:25:28,040 --> 00:25:31,800
My only goal was to ensure the integrity
of the vote.
206
00:25:33,480 --> 00:25:36,980
My only goal was to ensure the integrity
of the vote.
207
00:25:38,340 --> 00:25:44,200
Since, in practice, no one is
infallible, it is frequently necessary
208
00:25:44,200 --> 00:25:50,220
rearrange past events in order to show
that this or that mistake was not made,
209
00:25:50,340 --> 00:25:56,260
or that this or that imaginary triumph
actually happened. The Dominion voting
210
00:25:56,260 --> 00:25:59,640
systems, the Smartmatic technology
software.
211
00:26:00,800 --> 00:26:05,220
And the software that goes in other
computerized voting systems here as
212
00:26:05,380 --> 00:26:08,920
not just Dominion, were created in
Venezuela.
213
00:26:27,580 --> 00:26:29,700
You can tell he hasn't done anything
wrong.
214
00:26:30,060 --> 00:26:36,360
Just by his demeanor. I mean, he would
be trying to hide things. Already, there
215
00:26:36,360 --> 00:26:41,380
are countless people who think it's
scandalous to falsify a scientific
216
00:26:41,380 --> 00:26:47,760
that would see nothing wrong in
falsifying a historical fact. Trump is
217
00:26:47,760 --> 00:26:48,780
witnesses.
218
00:26:52,320 --> 00:26:53,320
I don't care.
219
00:26:57,300 --> 00:26:58,920
I'm with him to the finish.
220
00:26:59,390 --> 00:27:04,250
He could stand on the front steps of the
White House and commit murder, and I'm
221
00:27:04,250 --> 00:27:05,250
with him.
222
00:27:13,210 --> 00:27:16,050
How do you explain all these charges?
223
00:27:16,250 --> 00:27:18,270
How do you explain them? Well, they're
all made up.
224
00:27:18,870 --> 00:27:19,950
They're all made up? Yep.
225
00:27:20,410 --> 00:27:21,410
They're all made up.
226
00:27:22,190 --> 00:27:26,570
So the election interference in Georgia,
Sidney Powell and Kenneth Cheesbrough,
227
00:27:26,630 --> 00:27:27,830
who worked for Donald Trump.
228
00:27:28,250 --> 00:27:31,590
As lawyers, they just pled guilty. I
don't believe that either.
229
00:27:31,850 --> 00:27:33,470
You don't believe they pled guilty? No.
230
00:27:34,490 --> 00:27:41,210
The friends of totalitarianism in this
country usually tend to argue that since
231
00:27:41,210 --> 00:27:48,070
absolute truth is not attainable, a big
lie is no worse than a
232
00:27:48,070 --> 00:27:49,070
little lie.
233
00:27:49,110 --> 00:27:55,310
The list of Trump lies filled an entire
page of...
234
00:27:55,610 --> 00:28:00,890
The New York Times. It includes only
what the Times calls demonstrably false
235
00:28:00,890 --> 00:28:01,890
statements.
236
00:28:33,280 --> 00:28:35,340
2nd of January, 1948.
237
00:28:36,420 --> 00:28:42,940
Dear Julian, Thanks ever so for sending
the pen, which, as you see, I am using.
238
00:28:44,260 --> 00:28:46,200
I think I'm getting a bit better.
239
00:28:46,920 --> 00:28:50,720
I don't feel quite so death -like, and
I'm eating a lot more.
240
00:28:51,580 --> 00:28:53,960
I can't show you the part -finished
novel.
241
00:28:54,700 --> 00:29:00,340
I never show them to anybody, because
they're just a mess and don't have much
242
00:29:00,340 --> 00:29:01,980
relationship to the final draft.
243
00:29:03,530 --> 00:29:08,010
I always say a book doesn't exist until
it is finished.
244
00:29:16,990 --> 00:29:23,330
Every major change in policy demands a
corresponding change of doctrine
245
00:29:23,330 --> 00:29:27,350
and a revelation of prominent historical
figures.
246
00:29:45,040 --> 00:29:51,580
If the leader says of such and such an
event, it never happened, well, it never
247
00:29:51,580 --> 00:29:52,580
happened.
248
00:29:53,400 --> 00:29:59,260
If he says that two and two are five,
well, two and two are five.
249
00:30:01,040 --> 00:30:06,780
This prospect frightens me much more
than bombs, and that is not a frivolous
250
00:30:06,780 --> 00:30:07,780
statement.
251
00:30:20,220 --> 00:30:27,120
The life of Rosa Parks. This apparently
is too woke by the Republican
252
00:30:27,120 --> 00:30:33,380
Party. Song of Solomon is unacceptable
to Republican politics.
253
00:30:33,760 --> 00:30:36,840
40 % of banned books.
254
00:30:37,640 --> 00:30:43,160
have reported are significantly
addressing and specifically addressing
255
00:30:43,160 --> 00:30:44,160
issues.
256
00:31:27,210 --> 00:31:33,350
When we talk about progressive values, I
can say what my progressive value is,
257
00:31:33,470 --> 00:31:36,090
and that is freedom over fascism.
258
00:32:40,380 --> 00:32:42,520
Let's say you take these books out of
the library.
259
00:32:43,880 --> 00:32:44,900
What are you going to do with them?
260
00:32:45,580 --> 00:32:46,660
You going to put them in the street?
261
00:32:47,160 --> 00:32:48,160
Light them on fire?
262
00:32:48,460 --> 00:32:49,580
Where are they going?
263
00:32:50,380 --> 00:32:52,420
I don't have a clue, but I would burn
them.
264
00:33:08,010 --> 00:33:13,810
From the totalitarian point of view,
history is something to be created
265
00:33:13,810 --> 00:33:14,810
than learned.
266
00:33:18,150 --> 00:33:21,290
This is what I will do to the growing
books when I become Secretary of State.
267
00:33:39,720 --> 00:33:44,180
Ward 3, Hermeyers Hospital, 20th of
April, 1948.
268
00:33:45,600 --> 00:33:51,460
Dear Julian, I'm a lot better, but I had
a bad fortnight with the secondary
269
00:33:51,460 --> 00:33:53,040
effects of the streptomycin.
270
00:33:54,340 --> 00:34:00,320
I'm still fearfully weak and thin, but
they seem pleased with my case, and I
271
00:34:00,320 --> 00:34:02,460
think I may get out sometime during the
summer.
272
00:34:03,520 --> 00:34:06,500
I'm longing to get up to Jura at any
rate.
273
00:34:07,310 --> 00:34:09,230
and see how the farm work is going.
274
00:34:10,050 --> 00:34:12,670
But I should have to be careful not to
do much.
275
00:34:24,090 --> 00:34:28,250
The Goose Step is one of the most
horrible sights in the world.
276
00:34:29,210 --> 00:34:32,070
It is simply an affirmation of naked
power.
277
00:34:33,429 --> 00:34:37,870
In it is the vision of a boot crashing
down, on a face.
278
00:34:39,429 --> 00:34:43,889
The goose step is not used in England
because the people in the street would
279
00:34:43,889 --> 00:34:44,889
laugh.
280
00:35:07,880 --> 00:35:12,880
First, I spent five years in an
unsuitable profession in Burma.
281
00:35:13,660 --> 00:35:16,660
This increased my natural hatred of
authority.
282
00:35:25,520 --> 00:35:32,040
The Spanish War and other events in 1936
and 1937 turned the scale,
283
00:35:32,160 --> 00:35:35,500
and thereafter, I knew where I stood.
284
00:35:44,410 --> 00:35:46,510
Those who want to take the floor, go
ahead.
285
00:35:46,830 --> 00:35:49,390
We have to collectivize,
286
00:35:50,170 --> 00:35:54,770
because many men have gone to the front,
they have no supplies, they have
287
00:35:54,770 --> 00:35:59,410
nothing, and the fascists have left them
at the minimum. There is not enough
288
00:35:59,410 --> 00:36:02,090
food for the people's neighbors.
289
00:36:02,690 --> 00:36:04,910
We have to collectivize as soon as
possible.
290
00:36:05,470 --> 00:36:07,490
Look for supplies and supply to the
front.
291
00:36:07,750 --> 00:36:11,370
That's why our neighbors, our comrades
are on the front, fighting for us.
292
00:36:11,730 --> 00:36:15,290
And that's why there are also the lands
of Don Julián. I want to tell you that
293
00:36:15,290 --> 00:36:19,170
one thing, and I am very much in
agreement with that this be done, that
294
00:36:19,170 --> 00:36:22,290
collectivized, that those lands be of
all.
295
00:36:36,750 --> 00:36:43,750
I want to say here to
296
00:36:43,750 --> 00:36:49,170
my colleague that it is very good that
he wants to work on his lands, but how
297
00:36:49,170 --> 00:36:51,290
much better would it be if we worked on
them?
298
00:37:00,009 --> 00:37:01,410
Yes,
299
00:37:03,390 --> 00:37:08,010
but we need everything to be able to...
300
00:37:08,570 --> 00:37:14,410
To get ahead in the revolution, because
the revolution has to be done right
301
00:37:14,410 --> 00:37:15,410
away, right away.
302
00:37:15,850 --> 00:37:18,950
Don't wait until tomorrow. But, José,
it's not only the question of the land.
303
00:37:18,950 --> 00:37:23,590
have to make a new society where
everyone... One moment. Let's not talk
304
00:37:23,590 --> 00:37:24,590
together. One moment.
305
00:37:25,790 --> 00:37:29,330
What I want to say is that we have to
take risks, because what do we know?
306
00:37:29,570 --> 00:37:30,590
Misery, hunger and despair.
307
00:37:31,510 --> 00:37:34,670
Maybe they'll kill us, maybe fascism
will kill us again.
308
00:38:00,859 --> 00:38:03,880
31st of July
309
00:38:05,910 --> 00:38:09,850
1937. Dear Rainer, thanks so much for
your letter.
310
00:38:10,550 --> 00:38:12,330
I was glad to hear from you.
311
00:38:13,390 --> 00:38:17,090
We had an interesting but thoroughly
bloody time in Spain.
312
00:38:18,410 --> 00:38:23,150
Of course, I would never have allowed
Eileen to come, nor probably gone
313
00:38:23,510 --> 00:38:29,190
if I had foreseen the political
developments, especially the suppression
314
00:38:29,190 --> 00:38:32,690
POM, the party in whose militia I was
serving.
315
00:38:40,460 --> 00:38:41,640
It was a queer business.
316
00:38:42,120 --> 00:38:48,360
We started off by being heroic defenders
of democracy and ended by slipping over
317
00:38:48,360 --> 00:38:51,500
the border with the police panting on
our heels.
318
00:38:51,960 --> 00:38:56,540
But though we ourselves got out all
right, nearly all our friends and
319
00:38:56,540 --> 00:39:02,260
acquaintances are in jail and likely to
be there indefinitely, not actually
320
00:39:02,260 --> 00:39:06,220
charged with anything, but suspected of
Trotskyism.
321
00:39:07,320 --> 00:39:11,420
What I saw in Spain has given me a
horror of politics.
322
00:39:14,300 --> 00:39:21,000
But what impressed me then, and has
impressed me ever since, is that
323
00:39:21,000 --> 00:39:26,380
are believed in or disbelieved in solely
on grounds of political predilection.
324
00:39:27,880 --> 00:39:33,220
Everyone believes in the atrocities of
the enemy and disbelieves in those of
325
00:39:33,220 --> 00:39:37,220
own side without ever bothering to
examine the evidence.
326
00:39:48,330 --> 00:39:54,870
Every line of serious work that I have
written since 1936 has been written
327
00:39:54,870 --> 00:40:01,650
directly or indirectly against
totalitarianism and for democratic
328
00:40:01,650 --> 00:40:03,410
as I understand it.
329
00:40:03,910 --> 00:40:04,910
Revolution!
330
00:40:07,450 --> 00:40:13,050
Animal Farm was the first book in which
I tried with full consciousness of what
331
00:40:13,050 --> 00:40:17,570
I was doing to fuse political purpose
and artistic purpose.
332
00:40:17,960 --> 00:40:19,140
into one whole.
333
00:40:19,900 --> 00:40:21,360
Read it to me.
334
00:40:21,680 --> 00:40:28,660
All animals are equal, but some animals
are more equal
335
00:40:28,660 --> 00:40:29,660
than others.
336
00:40:29,900 --> 00:40:31,640
More equal than others?
337
00:40:52,680 --> 00:40:53,960
Bye.
338
00:40:55,680 --> 00:40:56,800
Bye. Bye.
339
00:41:28,140 --> 00:41:32,560
now devote itself to the making of
weapons to the building of walls to the
340
00:41:32,560 --> 00:41:33,560
protection of ourselves
341
00:43:15,470 --> 00:43:20,150
Winston tried to squeeze out some
childhood memory that should tell him
342
00:43:20,150 --> 00:43:22,410
London had always been quite like this.
343
00:43:22,790 --> 00:43:27,210
Were there always these vistas of
rotting 19th century houses?
344
00:43:27,630 --> 00:43:33,730
Their sides shored up with bulks of
timber, their windows patched with
345
00:43:33,730 --> 00:43:40,270
and their roofs with corrugated iron,
their crazy garden walls sagging in all
346
00:43:40,270 --> 00:43:43,470
directions, and the bombed sites.
347
00:43:44,190 --> 00:43:49,730
where the plaster dust swelled in the
air, and the willow herb straggled over
348
00:43:49,730 --> 00:43:55,290
the heaps of rubble, and the places
where the bombs had cleared a large
349
00:43:55,490 --> 00:44:01,970
and there had sprung up sordid colonies
of wooden dwellings, like chicken
350
00:44:01,970 --> 00:44:02,970
houses.
351
00:44:08,190 --> 00:44:09,830
But it was no use.
352
00:44:10,190 --> 00:44:11,610
He could not remember.
353
00:44:12,560 --> 00:44:18,120
Nothing remained of his childhood,
except a series of bright -lit tableaux
354
00:44:18,120 --> 00:44:22,820
occurring against no background and
mostly unintelligible.
355
00:44:42,220 --> 00:44:47,460
It is not easy for me to think of my
school days without seeming to breathe
356
00:44:47,460 --> 00:44:53,060
whiff of something cold and evil
-smelling, a sort of compound of sweaty
357
00:44:53,060 --> 00:45:00,020
stockings, dirty towels, faecal smells
blowing along corridors, forks with
358
00:45:00,020 --> 00:45:05,800
old food between the prongs, neck of
mutton stew, and the banging doors of
359
00:45:05,800 --> 00:45:09,460
lavatories and the echoing chamber pots
in the dormitories.
360
00:45:26,440 --> 00:45:32,100
By the social standards that prevailed
about me, I was no good and could not be
361
00:45:32,100 --> 00:45:33,100
any good.
362
00:45:33,500 --> 00:45:37,940
But all the different kinds of virtue
seemed to be mysteriously interconnected
363
00:45:37,940 --> 00:45:40,900
and to belong to much the same people.
364
00:45:41,540 --> 00:45:43,900
It was not only money that mattered.
365
00:45:44,140 --> 00:45:50,460
There were also strength, beauty, charm,
athleticism, and something
366
00:45:50,460 --> 00:45:53,460
called guts or character.
367
00:45:54,080 --> 00:45:58,420
which in reality meant the power to
impose your will on others.
368
00:45:59,380 --> 00:46:02,300
I did not possess any of these
qualities.
369
00:46:02,840 --> 00:46:08,620
I lived in a world of boys, gregarious
animals, questioning nothing, accepting
370
00:46:08,620 --> 00:46:14,480
the law of the stronger and avenging
their own humiliations by passing them
371
00:46:14,480 --> 00:46:15,720
to someone smaller.
372
00:46:30,760 --> 00:46:34,020
There are five fingers there.
373
00:46:49,610 --> 00:46:51,390
Do you see five fingers?
374
00:46:53,010 --> 00:46:54,010
Yes
375
00:48:30,600 --> 00:48:31,860
is a political age.
376
00:48:32,740 --> 00:48:39,680
War, fascism, concentration camps,
rubber truncheons, atomic bombs
377
00:48:39,680 --> 00:48:45,740
are what we daily think about, and
therefore, to a great extent, what we
378
00:48:45,740 --> 00:48:49,040
about, even when we do not name them
openly.
379
00:48:51,160 --> 00:48:52,580
We cannot help this.
380
00:48:52,800 --> 00:48:58,620
When you are on a sinking ship, your
thoughts will be about sinking ships.
381
00:49:13,540 --> 00:49:16,480
Barnhill, Isle of Jura, Argyleshire.
382
00:49:18,400 --> 00:49:20,460
22nd of October, 1948.
383
00:49:21,880 --> 00:49:28,420
Dear Fred, I shall finish the book Dio
Valente early in November, and I am
384
00:49:28,420 --> 00:49:32,840
rather flinching from the job of typing
it because it is a very awkward thing to
385
00:49:32,840 --> 00:49:35,840
do in bed where I still have to spend
half the time.
386
00:49:37,140 --> 00:49:41,140
I can't send it away because it is an
unbelievably bad manuscript.
387
00:49:41,930 --> 00:49:44,870
and no one could make head or tail of it
without explanation.
388
00:49:45,650 --> 00:49:50,690
I think it is a good idea, but the
execution would have been better if I
389
00:49:50,690 --> 00:49:52,870
written it under the influence of
tuberculosis.
390
00:49:54,390 --> 00:50:00,730
I haven't definitely fixed on the title,
but I am hesitating between 1984
391
00:50:00,730 --> 00:50:04,530
and The Last Man in Europe.
392
00:50:14,480 --> 00:50:21,160
When I was 14 or 15, I was an odious
little snob, but no worse than other
393
00:50:21,160 --> 00:50:22,400
of my own age and class.
394
00:50:23,880 --> 00:50:30,220
I was very young, not much more than
six, when I first became aware of class
395
00:50:30,220 --> 00:50:31,220
distinctions.
396
00:50:34,320 --> 00:50:36,340
I think you look pretty smart.
397
00:50:37,640 --> 00:50:39,020
You look like a gentleman.
398
00:50:40,880 --> 00:50:44,620
I despised anyone who was not
describable as a gentleman.
399
00:50:44,940 --> 00:50:50,020
But I also hated the hoggishly rich,
especially those who had grown rich too
400
00:50:50,020 --> 00:50:53,980
recently. I look down on him because I
am upper class.
401
00:50:54,660 --> 00:50:58,000
I look up to him because he is upper
class.
402
00:50:58,340 --> 00:51:01,540
But I look down on him because he is
lower class.
403
00:51:02,980 --> 00:51:04,380
I am middle class.
404
00:51:07,340 --> 00:51:08,860
I know my place.
405
00:51:10,320 --> 00:51:16,340
Hence, at the age of 17 or 18, I was
both a snob and a revolutionary.
406
00:51:17,540 --> 00:51:22,500
I was against all authority, and I
loosely described myself as a socialist.
407
00:51:23,000 --> 00:51:28,660
But I had not much grasp of what
socialism meant, and no notion that the
408
00:51:28,660 --> 00:51:30,140
class were human beings.
409
00:51:30,480 --> 00:51:32,600
We'll have no pissing in the corners.
410
00:51:33,540 --> 00:51:34,540
Not allowed.
411
00:51:34,720 --> 00:51:35,720
Frowned upon.
412
00:51:43,020 --> 00:51:49,820
I knew nothing about working class
413
00:51:49,820 --> 00:51:55,100
conditions. I had read the unemployment
figures, but I had no notion of what
414
00:51:55,100 --> 00:51:56,100
they implied.
415
00:52:15,440 --> 00:52:22,020
Above all, I did not know the essential
fact that respectable poverty is always
416
00:52:22,020 --> 00:52:22,819
the worst.
417
00:52:22,820 --> 00:52:28,220
The frightful doom of a decent working
man suddenly thrown on the streets after
418
00:52:28,220 --> 00:52:29,820
a lifetime of steady work.
419
00:52:30,180 --> 00:52:35,860
His agonized struggles against economic
laws, which he does not understand. The
420
00:52:35,860 --> 00:52:37,280
disintegration of families.
421
00:52:37,870 --> 00:52:39,710
the corroding sense of shame.
422
00:52:40,090 --> 00:52:44,210
All this was outside the range of my
experience.
423
00:52:45,630 --> 00:52:50,470
When I thought of poverty, I thought of
it in terms of brute starvation.
424
00:52:51,110 --> 00:52:56,570
Therefore, my mind turned immediately
towards the extreme cases, the social
425
00:52:56,570 --> 00:53:03,350
outcasts, tramps, beggars, criminals,
prostitutes. These were the lowest
426
00:53:03,350 --> 00:53:04,410
of the low.
427
00:53:04,910 --> 00:53:08,250
And these were the people with whom I
wanted to get in contact.
428
00:53:15,350 --> 00:53:21,310
What I profoundly wanted at that time
was to find some way of getting out of
429
00:53:21,310 --> 00:53:22,710
respectable world altogether.
430
00:53:23,350 --> 00:53:25,570
I meditated upon it a great deal.
431
00:53:26,330 --> 00:53:28,750
I even planned parts of it in detail.
432
00:53:29,470 --> 00:53:32,910
How one could sell everything, give
everything away.
433
00:53:33,800 --> 00:53:40,080
Change one's name and start out with no
money and nothing but the clothes one
434
00:53:40,080 --> 00:53:41,080
stood up in.
435
00:53:41,680 --> 00:53:45,820
But in real life, nobody ever does that
kind of thing.
436
00:53:58,380 --> 00:54:02,620
As Syme had done earlier, Winston had
taken up his spoon.
437
00:54:03,320 --> 00:54:07,400
and was dabbling in the pale -coloured
gravy that dribbled across the table,
438
00:54:08,080 --> 00:54:11,320
drawing a long streak of it out into a
pattern.
439
00:54:12,400 --> 00:54:17,020
He meditated resentfully on the physical
texture of life.
440
00:54:45,740 --> 00:54:50,340
You discover what it is like to be
hungry, with bread and margarine in your
441
00:54:50,340 --> 00:54:54,000
belly. You go out and look into the shop
windows.
442
00:54:54,680 --> 00:55:00,020
Everywhere there is food insulting you
in huge, wasteful piles.
443
00:55:01,100 --> 00:55:07,220
Whole dead pigs, baskets of hot loaves,
great yellow blocks of butter,
444
00:55:07,480 --> 00:55:10,960
strings of sausages, mountains of
potatoes.
445
00:55:12,120 --> 00:55:15,140
Vast, greer cheese -like grindstones.
446
00:55:15,460 --> 00:55:20,180
A snivelling self -pity comes over you
at the sight of so much food.
447
00:55:20,740 --> 00:55:25,640
You plan to grab a loaf and run,
swallowing it before they catch you.
448
00:55:25,920 --> 00:55:28,600
And you refrain from pure funk.
449
00:55:47,500 --> 00:55:52,880
You discover the boredom which is
inseparable from poverty, the times when
450
00:55:52,880 --> 00:55:58,200
have nothing to do, and being underfed
can interest yourself in nothing.
451
00:55:59,040 --> 00:56:04,780
For half a day at a time, you lie on
your bed, feeling like the jeune
452
00:56:04,780 --> 00:56:06,080
in Baudelaire's poem.
453
00:56:06,420 --> 00:56:08,620
Only food could rouse you.
454
00:56:09,080 --> 00:56:15,820
You discover that a man who has gone
even a week on bread and margarine is
455
00:56:15,820 --> 00:56:16,820
man any longer.
456
00:56:17,800 --> 00:56:21,600
Only a belly with a few accessory
organs.
457
00:56:22,180 --> 00:56:29,140
The top 1 % that controlled 90 % of the
wealth had two major
458
00:56:29,140 --> 00:56:34,400
political parties doing their bidding
for them. And the other 99 % had no
459
00:56:34,400 --> 00:56:35,480
political party.
460
00:56:53,480 --> 00:56:55,760
Beggars do not work, it is said.
461
00:56:56,100 --> 00:56:58,480
But then, what is work?
462
00:56:59,700 --> 00:57:02,300
A navvy works by swinging a pick.
463
00:57:02,820 --> 00:57:05,680
An accountant works by adding up
figures.
464
00:57:06,180 --> 00:57:12,120
A beggar works by standing out of doors,
in all weathers, and getting varicose
465
00:57:12,120 --> 00:57:14,760
veins, chronic bronchitis, etc.
466
00:57:15,720 --> 00:57:18,200
It is a trade like any other.
467
00:57:18,600 --> 00:57:20,560
Quite useless, of course.
468
00:57:21,580 --> 00:57:24,740
But then many reputable trades are quite
useless.
469
00:57:25,560 --> 00:57:30,580
And as a social type, a beggar compares
well with scores of others.
470
00:57:31,020 --> 00:57:35,020
He is honest compared with the sellers
of most patent medicines.
471
00:57:35,920 --> 00:57:40,240
High -minded compared with a Sunday
newspaper proprietor.
472
00:57:40,580 --> 00:57:47,260
A beggar, looked at realistically, is
simply a businessman getting his
473
00:57:47,260 --> 00:57:49,220
living like other businessmen.
474
00:57:49,640 --> 00:57:51,200
in the way that comes to hand.
475
00:57:52,640 --> 00:57:57,560
He has not, more than most modern
people, sold his honour.
476
00:57:58,340 --> 00:58:04,260
He has merely made the mistake of
choosing a trade at which it is
477
00:58:04,260 --> 00:58:05,260
grow rich.
478
00:58:33,960 --> 00:58:39,260
The underlying fact was that the whole
position of the moneyed class had long
479
00:58:39,260 --> 00:58:40,960
ceased to be justifiable.
480
00:58:42,980 --> 00:58:48,420
The existence of these people was by any
standard unjustifiable.
481
00:58:49,160 --> 00:58:55,680
They were simply parasites, less useful
to society than if fleas are to a dog.
482
00:59:05,960 --> 00:59:11,100
The British ruling class could not admit
to themselves that their usefulness was
483
00:59:11,100 --> 00:59:12,100
at an end.
484
00:59:12,700 --> 00:59:17,860
It was not possible for them to turn
themselves into mere bandits like the
485
00:59:17,860 --> 00:59:19,060
American millionaires.
486
00:59:20,460 --> 00:59:23,580
Clearly, there was only one escape for
them.
487
00:59:24,120 --> 00:59:25,640
Into stupidity.
488
00:59:28,740 --> 00:59:33,600
The Ministry of Peace is happy to report
that thanks to the vigilance of our
489
00:59:33,600 --> 00:59:34,980
gallant interceptors...
490
00:59:35,320 --> 00:59:39,460
No Eurasian rocket bomb was able to
reach targets of any importance.
491
00:59:40,560 --> 00:59:42,700
We continue now to our regular goal
call.
492
00:59:52,000 --> 00:59:56,780
There are parts in southern China where
smart cameras placed around the
493
00:59:56,780 --> 00:59:58,480
intersection will recognize who you are.
494
00:59:58,780 --> 01:00:03,520
You can have your face covered, or you
could be obscured. These systems are
495
01:00:03,520 --> 01:00:04,520
very, very smart.
496
01:00:05,120 --> 01:00:09,240
They can recognize you by gait, by
posture, by how you're walking.
497
01:00:09,480 --> 01:00:13,760
And so if you've caused an infraction,
your face gets thrown up on a digital
498
01:00:13,760 --> 01:00:18,780
billboard at that intersection, along
with your name and where you work. And
499
01:00:18,780 --> 01:00:22,580
that information is transmitted to your
employers and to your family members.
500
01:00:34,090 --> 01:00:35,210
he would consider human rights.
501
01:01:12,170 --> 01:01:17,710
Much of the technology that threatens
our freedom and our dignity in the near
502
01:01:17,710 --> 01:01:22,970
-term future is being developed by
companies in the business of capturing
503
01:01:22,970 --> 01:01:27,050
selling our data and our attention to
advertisers and others.
504
01:01:31,660 --> 01:01:33,540
wear their identification badges in the
evening.
505
01:01:41,560 --> 01:01:43,280
Don't forget a game.
506
01:01:44,460 --> 01:01:51,220
If the people in power are using these
algorithms to quietly watch
507
01:01:51,220 --> 01:01:57,820
us, to judge us, and to nudge us, to
predict and identify the troublemakers
508
01:01:57,820 --> 01:02:02,940
the rebels, that authoritarianism will
envelop us like a spider's web.
509
01:02:03,400 --> 01:02:06,020
And we may not even know we're in it.
510
01:02:08,120 --> 01:02:13,080
The surveillance capitalists have tried
to get us to believe that their
511
01:02:13,080 --> 01:02:18,240
practices are the inevitable outgrowth
of digital technologies.
512
01:02:18,760 --> 01:02:22,960
So that's why I believe that the future
is private.
513
01:02:23,980 --> 01:02:26,900
This is the next chapter for our
services.
514
01:02:28,060 --> 01:02:29,060
What do you prefer?
515
01:02:30,160 --> 01:02:36,020
Being safer when you wake up in the
morning and go to the street or not
516
01:02:36,020 --> 01:02:39,300
or, you know, analyzing by AI system?
517
01:02:39,680 --> 01:02:41,880
I want to be safer. What do you prefer?
518
01:02:43,540 --> 01:02:45,740
What do you prefer?
519
01:02:46,340 --> 01:02:48,140
What do you prefer?
520
01:02:49,520 --> 01:02:50,700
What do you prefer?
521
01:02:51,720 --> 01:02:53,240
I want to be safer.
522
01:02:54,560 --> 01:02:55,560
Safer.
523
01:02:59,880 --> 01:03:01,000
Surveillance is okay.
524
01:03:01,240 --> 01:03:06,980
If you don't mind, I want to be... I
want to surveil. I want surveillance of
525
01:03:06,980 --> 01:03:11,320
these people that are coming in. The
Trojan horse. I want to know who the
526
01:03:11,320 --> 01:03:12,320
they are.
527
01:03:22,100 --> 01:03:24,820
You don't have to have done anything
wrong.
528
01:03:25,470 --> 01:03:29,210
You simply have to eventually fall under
suspicion from somebody, even by a
529
01:03:29,210 --> 01:03:30,169
wrong call.
530
01:03:30,170 --> 01:03:34,610
And then they can use the system to go
back in time and scrutinize every
531
01:03:34,610 --> 01:03:38,570
decision you've ever made, every friend
you've ever discussed something with,
532
01:03:38,690 --> 01:03:45,470
and attack you on that basis to sort of
derive suspicion from an innocent life
533
01:03:45,470 --> 01:03:48,670
and paint anyone in the context of a
wrongdoer.
534
01:03:56,140 --> 01:03:59,640
It should be that when we make things
more productive, when we greatly
535
01:03:59,640 --> 01:04:03,820
productivity, it helps everybody, but
there's the worry that it might just
536
01:04:03,820 --> 01:04:04,820
the rich.
537
01:04:05,840 --> 01:04:11,200
The new Model 3 generative android from
Funky is a fully autonomous humanoid
538
01:04:11,200 --> 01:04:14,680
robot with features never before seen in
the consumer market. We are
539
01:04:14,680 --> 01:04:19,600
increasingly trapped in a world of no
escape, and even if we want to make a
540
01:04:19,600 --> 01:04:21,620
choice, we can't.
541
01:04:24,490 --> 01:04:30,130
It would probably not be beyond human
ingenuity to write books by machinery,
542
01:04:30,130 --> 01:04:35,010
a sort of mechanising process can
already be seen at work in the film and
543
01:04:35,270 --> 01:04:39,730
in publicity and propaganda, and in the
lower reaches of journalism.
544
01:04:41,150 --> 01:04:46,490
Even so, what they write is merely a
kind of raw material to be chopped into
545
01:04:46,490 --> 01:04:48,530
shape by producers and censors.
546
01:04:48,890 --> 01:04:53,540
Books would be planned in their broad
lines by bureaucrats, and would pass
547
01:04:53,540 --> 01:04:58,040
through so many hands that when
finished, they would be no more an
548
01:04:58,040 --> 01:05:01,800
product than a Ford car at the end of
the assembly line.
549
01:05:02,680 --> 01:05:07,200
It goes without saying that anything so
produced would be rubbish.
550
01:05:07,860 --> 01:05:13,780
At present, we know only that the
imagination, like certain wild animals,
551
01:05:13,780 --> 01:05:15,600
not breed in captivity.
552
01:05:22,730 --> 01:05:24,670
2nd of December, 1942.
553
01:05:25,650 --> 01:05:31,170
Dear George Woodcock, After the ethics
of broadcasting, and in general letting
554
01:05:31,170 --> 01:05:36,250
oneself be used by the British governing
class, it's of little value to argue
555
01:05:36,250 --> 01:05:37,250
about it.
556
01:05:37,270 --> 01:05:41,230
But for heaven's sake, don't think I
don't see how they are using me.
557
01:05:41,550 --> 01:05:44,850
I doubt whether I shall stay in this job
very much longer.
558
01:05:45,110 --> 01:05:46,430
But while here...
559
01:05:46,780 --> 01:05:51,580
I consider I have kept our propaganda
slightly less disgusting than it might
560
01:05:51,580 --> 01:05:52,580
otherwise have been.
561
01:06:03,040 --> 01:06:09,840
The Tribune, 222, London Western Central
2, 14th of July, 1944.
562
01:06:11,560 --> 01:06:15,240
Dear John Murray, I am smothered under
work.
563
01:06:15,820 --> 01:06:17,700
And also I've been bombed out.
564
01:06:18,120 --> 01:06:20,460
And we have a very young baby we
adopted.
565
01:06:21,060 --> 01:06:26,520
A three -week -old boy who Eileen and I
christened Richard Horatio Blair.
566
01:06:27,400 --> 01:06:29,940
All of which adds to one's work.
567
01:06:30,980 --> 01:06:32,500
Life is pretty full now.
568
01:06:33,220 --> 01:06:36,420
What a wonderful thing to have a kid of
one's own.
569
01:06:36,780 --> 01:06:38,340
I've always wanted one so.
570
01:06:41,260 --> 01:06:45,560
This is the Pacific Service from London
sending you all greetings and wishing
571
01:06:45,560 --> 01:06:49,640
the best of luck to those of you
listening who are serving in our armed
572
01:06:49,640 --> 01:06:54,500
on sea, land or in the air and in the
merchant neighbourhood.
573
01:06:54,780 --> 01:06:57,960
BBC, 24th of September, 1943.
574
01:06:59,120 --> 01:07:04,200
Dear Mr Rushbrook Williams, in
confirmation of what I said to you
575
01:07:04,200 --> 01:07:07,960
private, I want to tender my resignation
from the BBC.
576
01:07:09,230 --> 01:07:12,650
I am not leaving because of any
disagreement with BBC policy.
577
01:07:13,110 --> 01:07:17,490
On the contrary, I feel that I have been
treated with the greatest generosity
578
01:07:17,490 --> 01:07:19,990
and allowed very great latitude.
579
01:07:20,950 --> 01:07:25,970
I am tendering my resignation because
for some time past I have been conscious
580
01:07:25,970 --> 01:07:29,470
that I was wasting my own time and the
public money.
581
01:07:30,330 --> 01:07:35,410
I feel that by going back to my normal
work of writing and journalism, I could
582
01:07:35,410 --> 01:07:37,590
be more useful than I am at present.
583
01:07:54,990 --> 01:08:00,750
Hotel Sclebe, Rue Sclebe, Paris 9th,
13th of April, 1945.
584
01:08:02,410 --> 01:08:07,490
Dear Tony, I don't know whether you will
have heard from some other source about
585
01:08:07,490 --> 01:08:08,490
what has happened.
586
01:08:09,090 --> 01:08:10,150
Eileen is dead.
587
01:08:10,950 --> 01:08:15,670
It was the most horrible thing to
happen, because she had had five really
588
01:08:15,670 --> 01:08:20,350
miserable years of bad health and
overwork, and things were just beginning
589
01:08:20,350 --> 01:08:21,350
get better.
590
01:08:21,680 --> 01:08:25,899
But it was terribly sad that she should
die when she had become so devoted to
591
01:08:25,899 --> 01:08:29,279
Richard and was making such a good job
of his upbringing.
592
01:08:30,200 --> 01:08:35,399
Richard, I am glad to say, is very well
and for the moment is provided for.
593
01:10:18,090 --> 01:10:21,070
But for a moment, he did not look at her
body.
594
01:10:21,810 --> 01:10:26,250
His eyes were anchored by the freckled
face with its faint, bold smile.
595
01:10:27,190 --> 01:10:30,910
He knelt down before her and took her
hands in his.
596
01:10:32,310 --> 01:10:33,490
Have you done this before?
597
01:10:34,610 --> 01:10:35,610
Of course.
598
01:10:36,890 --> 01:10:37,890
Hundreds of times.
599
01:10:39,950 --> 01:10:41,010
With party members?
600
01:10:41,530 --> 01:10:43,950
Yes. In our party members?
601
01:10:44,530 --> 01:10:45,830
Not with those bastards.
602
01:10:46,540 --> 01:10:47,740
There was plenty who would.
603
01:10:48,720 --> 01:10:49,920
His heart leapt.
604
01:10:57,080 --> 01:11:04,080
In the old days, he thought, a man
looked at a girl's body and saw that it
605
01:11:04,080 --> 01:11:06,640
desirable, and that was the end of the
story.
606
01:11:07,600 --> 01:11:11,620
But you could not have pure love or pure
lust nowadays.
607
01:11:12,740 --> 01:11:14,400
No emotion was pure.
608
01:11:15,070 --> 01:11:18,170
because everything was mixed up with
fear and hatred.
609
01:11:19,250 --> 01:11:24,030
Their embrace had been a battle, the
climax, a victory.
610
01:11:24,630 --> 01:11:27,370
It was a blow struck against the party.
611
01:11:28,270 --> 01:11:30,210
It was a political act.
612
01:11:38,530 --> 01:11:42,970
In the past, at any rate throughout the
Protestant centuries,
613
01:11:44,080 --> 01:11:49,800
The idea of rebellion and the idea of
intellectual integrity were mixed up.
614
01:11:50,400 --> 01:11:57,200
A heretic, political, moral, religious
or aesthetic, was one who refused
615
01:11:57,200 --> 01:11:59,120
to outrage his own conscience.
616
01:12:00,040 --> 01:12:03,800
His outlook was summed up in the words
of the revivalist hymn.
617
01:12:04,360 --> 01:12:05,920
Dare to be a Daniel.
618
01:12:06,200 --> 01:12:07,740
Dare to stand alone.
619
01:12:08,440 --> 01:12:10,480
Dare to have a purpose firm.
620
01:12:10,940 --> 01:12:12,520
Dare to make it known.
621
01:12:14,250 --> 01:12:19,990
To bring this hymn up to date, one would
have to add a don't at the beginning of
622
01:12:19,990 --> 01:12:20,990
each line.
623
01:12:41,390 --> 01:12:48,010
When I met Orwell, the author of the
essays, I began to appreciate
624
01:12:48,010 --> 01:12:51,010
his extraordinary lucidity.
625
01:12:51,410 --> 01:12:55,490
At the end of the day, it was because of
the time of politics that he hated
626
01:12:55,490 --> 01:13:00,790
these totalitarian regimes, which are,
at the end of the day, the total
627
01:13:00,790 --> 01:13:02,570
politicization of everything.
628
01:13:02,830 --> 01:13:07,710
And because of the time of politics, he
threw himself against these regimes.
629
01:13:23,070 --> 01:13:28,290
Daring to stand alone is ideologically
criminal as well as practically
630
01:13:28,290 --> 01:13:29,290
dangerous.
631
01:13:29,750 --> 01:13:34,930
The idea of intellectual liberty is
under attack from two directions.
632
01:13:37,070 --> 01:13:42,750
On the one side are its theoretical
enemies, the apologists of
633
01:14:14,830 --> 01:14:19,910
Jamal Khashoggi was a Saudi journalist
and an outspoken critic of his country's
634
01:14:19,910 --> 01:14:25,090
government. CNN can now reveal Jamal
Khashoggi's last words.
635
01:14:25,470 --> 01:14:26,710
I can't breathe.
636
01:14:26,950 --> 01:14:28,070
I can't breathe.
637
01:14:28,310 --> 01:14:34,730
The transcript records many voices and
noises. Then says, scream from Jamal.
638
01:14:34,930 --> 01:14:38,730
Again, scream. Then, gasping.
639
01:14:38,950 --> 01:14:43,430
Noises are identified as sore and
cutting.
640
01:15:03,430 --> 01:15:09,310
and on the other, its immediate
practical enemies, monopoly and
641
01:15:09,670 --> 01:15:16,070
which are actively interested in
maintaining the status quo, and
642
01:15:16,070 --> 01:15:19,550
preventing the common man from becoming
too intelligent.
643
01:15:42,540 --> 01:15:48,240
The independence of the writer and the
artist is eaten away by vague economic
644
01:15:48,240 --> 01:15:53,980
forces. And at the same time, it is
undermined by those who should be its
645
01:15:53,980 --> 01:15:54,980
defenders.
646
01:16:15,560 --> 01:16:20,420
We falsely think of our country as a
democracy when it has evolved into a
647
01:16:20,420 --> 01:16:26,800
mediocracy, where a media that is
supposed to check political abuse is
648
01:16:26,800 --> 01:16:27,800
the political abuse.
649
01:16:46,030 --> 01:16:47,950
This is extremely dangerous to our
democracy.
650
01:16:57,970 --> 01:17:04,730
Political writing in our time consists
almost entirely of prefabricated
651
01:17:05,130 --> 01:17:09,410
bolted together like the pieces of a
child's Meccano set.
652
01:17:10,350 --> 01:17:14,150
dangerous this is extremely dangerous
this is extremely dangerous dangerous
653
01:17:14,150 --> 01:17:18,350
democracy democracy we live in the
greatest country in the world the
654
01:17:18,350 --> 01:17:22,690
nation history mankind the strongest
freest greatest country the greatest
655
01:17:22,690 --> 01:17:27,330
care the greatest universities the
greatest schools the greatest rise of
656
01:17:27,330 --> 01:17:30,930
and opportunity the single greatest
nation in the history of all mankind the
657
01:17:30,930 --> 01:17:35,700
greatest country ever If we're going to
talk about the elite media debate, then
658
01:17:35,700 --> 01:17:40,340
it is still controlled by the corporate
owners and the corporate sponsors who,
659
01:17:40,380 --> 01:17:44,880
after all, provide the revenue to keep
those machines going, to keep those TV
660
01:17:44,880 --> 01:17:47,340
shows on the air and those radio shows
in those papers.
661
01:18:18,230 --> 01:18:25,210
The journalist is unfree and is
conscious of unfreedom when he is forced
662
01:18:25,210 --> 01:18:29,550
to write lies or suppress what seems to
him important news.
663
01:18:30,670 --> 01:18:31,930
What have you got there, Smith?
664
01:18:36,030 --> 01:18:39,670
This photograph was between the pages of
the Gazette. What photograph?
665
01:18:40,390 --> 01:18:43,570
Jones and Rutherford. They confessed to
aiding the underground and being in
666
01:18:43,570 --> 01:18:44,590
Eurasia during a week.
667
01:18:44,910 --> 01:18:47,070
But here it says... What are you talking
about, Smith?
668
01:18:47,350 --> 01:18:48,690
I don't see any photograph.
669
01:18:58,760 --> 01:19:04,320
I think it's very difficult to avoid
going to that pre -prepared thing that
670
01:19:04,320 --> 01:19:07,400
you've got that's got a quote in it,
that's got a name in it, that's got
671
01:19:07,400 --> 01:19:12,340
background information in it. It's fed
to you to make it easy for you to tell
672
01:19:12,340 --> 01:19:17,240
that way. So what we really require is
something countervailing, something on
673
01:19:17,240 --> 01:19:18,240
the other side.
674
01:19:18,540 --> 01:19:23,020
to dig out just that information, that
that powerful entity, which might be the
675
01:19:23,020 --> 01:19:26,940
state or might be a private corporation,
that they don't want you to hear.
676
01:19:27,160 --> 01:19:31,840
We start with that huge search, the race
to save five people who are on board a
677
01:19:31,840 --> 01:19:32,840
submersible.
678
01:19:34,720 --> 01:19:41,640
Everything in our age conspires to turn
the writer and
679
01:19:41,640 --> 01:19:45,260
every other kind of artist as well into
a minor official.
680
01:19:45,930 --> 01:19:51,590
working on themes handed down from above
and never telling what seems to him the
681
01:19:51,590 --> 01:19:52,590
whole of the truth.
682
01:20:18,510 --> 01:20:24,250
What the media does is trivialize what
goes on, sensationalizes it, makes it
683
01:20:24,250 --> 01:20:28,270
entertainment, rather than saying, look,
the function of the media is to educate
684
01:20:28,270 --> 01:20:31,910
you to live in a democracy, which is
pretty serious stuff.
685
01:20:36,270 --> 01:20:41,330
Right, there are 741 no -go zones
throughout France, and they're located
686
01:20:41,330 --> 01:20:43,150
ghettos that are called les banlieues.
687
01:20:43,350 --> 01:20:48,170
I've been to Afghanistan, Iraq, and
Kashmir, India, and at times it felt
688
01:20:48,410 --> 01:20:49,410
Like that.
689
01:20:52,510 --> 01:20:53,510
Francois Macron.
690
01:20:54,170 --> 01:20:58,370
Emmanuel. Emmanuel or Francois. It seems
like every French person, I think their
691
01:20:58,370 --> 01:21:00,370
first name is Francois. Maybe he'll
change his name.
692
01:21:00,590 --> 01:21:01,590
Francois.
693
01:21:02,190 --> 01:21:07,050
To write in plain, vigorous language,
one has to think fearlessly.
694
01:21:07,570 --> 01:21:12,150
And if one thinks fearlessly, one cannot
be politically orthodox.
695
01:21:12,390 --> 01:21:13,390
It was you.
696
01:21:13,410 --> 01:21:14,379
It was you.
697
01:21:14,380 --> 01:21:18,420
that privatized a large chunk of the
health service, and you're lying, and
698
01:21:18,420 --> 01:21:19,420
you're lying.
699
01:21:22,600 --> 01:21:23,200
I
700
01:21:23,200 --> 01:21:30,740
think
701
01:21:30,740 --> 01:21:35,220
your fake eyelashes are messing up the
situation.
702
01:21:35,660 --> 01:21:40,780
We have a situation in which a
significant percentage of the population
703
01:21:40,780 --> 01:21:42,980
vote, doesn't care about the issues.
704
01:21:43,600 --> 01:21:45,220
is tuned out entirely.
705
01:21:45,500 --> 01:21:47,160
It's what we call depoliticized.
706
01:21:47,600 --> 01:21:51,980
In fact, we have a rate of
depoliticization in the United States
707
01:21:51,980 --> 01:21:56,840
a tyrant like in Indonesia envious. How
can I get one of these vegged out
708
01:21:56,840 --> 01:22:01,000
populations? I say the fact is that I've
done more for the black community than
709
01:22:01,000 --> 01:22:04,760
any president since Abraham Lincoln. I
say it. Nobody can dispute it.
710
01:22:05,580 --> 01:22:07,020
People listen when I speak.
711
01:22:07,420 --> 01:22:08,420
Black people.
712
01:22:08,940 --> 01:22:13,340
Believe me, I've studied it. I've seen
it. And it's incredible.
713
01:22:14,460 --> 01:22:19,320
Black, your physical strength is
unmatched.
714
01:22:20,600 --> 01:22:27,120
You have this charm. Black people
believe me. Jazz, soul, Rosa Parks,
715
01:22:27,380 --> 01:22:29,580
Cassius Clay Legends, winners, the best.
716
01:22:29,840 --> 01:22:31,060
And you know what?
717
01:22:31,340 --> 01:22:32,500
Black women.
718
01:22:32,760 --> 01:22:37,020
I love black. Black women, they make me
so hungry.
719
01:22:37,280 --> 01:22:40,240
People listen when I speak. Hungry for
gumbo.
720
01:22:41,610 --> 01:22:42,670
Nobody does it better.
721
01:22:43,530 --> 01:22:45,690
The mugshot, we've all seen the mugshot.
722
01:22:46,110 --> 01:22:51,090
And you know who embraced it more than
anybody else? The black population. It's
723
01:22:51,090 --> 01:22:54,270
incredible. You see black people walking
around with my mugshot.
724
01:22:55,110 --> 01:23:00,210
This kind of thing is frightening to me
because it often gives me the feeling
725
01:23:00,210 --> 01:23:05,110
that the very concept of objective truth
is fading out of this world.
726
01:23:07,530 --> 01:23:12,530
An atom bomb exploded in our information
ecosystem because social media turned
727
01:23:12,530 --> 01:23:18,630
our world upside down, spreading lies
faster than facts, while
728
01:23:18,630 --> 01:23:25,010
amplifying fear and anger, fueling
hatred by design
729
01:23:25,010 --> 01:23:26,770
for profit.
730
01:23:27,670 --> 01:23:30,750
Do you affirm the testimony you're about
to give before the committee will be
731
01:23:30,750 --> 01:23:33,410
the truth, the whole truth, and nothing
but the truth, so help you God.
732
01:23:34,540 --> 01:23:41,440
We very much believe that this content
is disgusting and that that behavior
733
01:23:41,440 --> 01:23:45,400
is disgusting and reprehensible. We
provide in -app reporting tools for the
734
01:23:45,400 --> 01:23:49,120
people who are being harassed. or who
have been shared inappropriate sexual
735
01:23:49,120 --> 01:23:52,260
content can report it in the case of
harassment or sexual content.
736
01:23:52,480 --> 01:23:55,760
You announced recently that the official
policy of Facebook now allows
737
01:23:55,760 --> 01:23:58,440
politicians to pay to spread
disinformation.
738
01:23:58,880 --> 01:24:03,960
Well, could I pay to target
predominantly black zip codes and
739
01:24:03,960 --> 01:24:05,340
incorrect election date?
740
01:24:06,280 --> 01:24:12,560
No, Congresswoman, you couldn't. We
have, even for these policies around...
741
01:24:12,890 --> 01:24:16,850
The newsworthiness of content that
politicians say and the general
742
01:24:16,850 --> 01:24:21,170
that I believe that... But you said
you're not going to fact check my ads.
743
01:24:21,430 --> 01:24:27,670
We have, if anyone, including a
politician, is saying things that can
744
01:24:27,810 --> 01:24:33,090
that is calling for violence or could
risk imminent physical harm or voter or
745
01:24:33,090 --> 01:24:36,510
census suppression when we roll out the
census suppression policy.
746
01:24:38,030 --> 01:24:41,970
We will take that content down. So would
I be able to run advertisements on
747
01:24:41,970 --> 01:24:45,430
Facebook targeting Republicans in
primary saying that they voted for the
748
01:24:45,430 --> 01:24:46,430
New Deal?
749
01:24:46,630 --> 01:24:49,230
I mean, if you're not fact -checking
political advertisements, I'm just
750
01:24:49,230 --> 01:24:51,090
to understand the bounds here.
751
01:24:51,330 --> 01:24:52,330
What's their game?
752
01:24:52,590 --> 01:24:56,510
I don't know the answer to that off the
top of my head. You don't know if I'll
753
01:24:56,510 --> 01:25:00,050
be able to do that. Can you explain why
you've named The Daily Caller a
754
01:25:00,050 --> 01:25:05,230
publication well -documented with ties
to white supremacists as an official
755
01:25:05,230 --> 01:25:06,230
-checker for Facebook?
756
01:25:06,590 --> 01:25:07,429
Congresswoman, sure.
757
01:25:07,430 --> 01:25:11,290
We actually don't appoint the
independent fact -checkers. They go
758
01:25:11,290 --> 01:25:14,950
independent organization called the
Independent Fact -Checking Network that
759
01:25:14,950 --> 01:25:19,930
a rigorous standard for who they allow
to serve as a fact -checker.
760
01:25:20,750 --> 01:25:27,670
So you would say that white supremacist
-tied publications meet
761
01:25:27,670 --> 01:25:29,730
a rigorous standard for fact -checking?
762
01:25:32,970 --> 01:25:37,570
Because of deepfakes, you can't trust
your eyes and ears.
763
01:25:38,230 --> 01:25:44,910
Instead of the facts, the
inshittification and shitification of
764
01:25:44,910 --> 01:25:47,190
internet is in full bloom.
765
01:25:47,810 --> 01:25:54,690
More trash, more propaganda, more
information operations that push our
766
01:25:54,690 --> 01:26:00,670
emotional buttons. We will have to
struggle harder for agency,
767
01:26:00,870 --> 01:26:03,110
for independent thought.
768
01:26:03,630 --> 01:26:07,170
And it's not just the tech companies
that abdicated responsibility for
769
01:26:07,170 --> 01:26:11,390
protecting us. It's also democratic
governments like the United States.
770
01:26:12,390 --> 01:26:16,670
Tech is the least regulated industry
around the world.
771
01:27:18,320 --> 01:27:23,980
Barn Hill, Isle of Jura, Argyllshire,
28th of November, 1948.
772
01:27:25,280 --> 01:27:30,260
Dear Gwen, all is well here, and Richard
is bursting with energy.
773
01:27:30,860 --> 01:27:35,320
He goes out fishing with the others now,
and sometimes catches quite a lot of
774
01:27:35,320 --> 01:27:38,600
fish. The weather just lately has been
very nice.
775
01:27:38,980 --> 01:27:44,080
Beautiful, still, sunny days, and not at
all cold. But I hardly ever go out of
776
01:27:44,080 --> 01:27:46,680
doors because the smallest exertion
upsets me.
777
01:27:47,310 --> 01:27:52,590
The pig has grown to a stupendous size
and goes to the butcher next week. We
778
01:27:52,590 --> 01:27:57,170
all longing to get rid of him as he is
so destructive and greedy, even gets
779
01:27:57,170 --> 01:27:58,190
the kitchen sometimes.
780
01:27:59,530 --> 01:28:04,230
I have finished my book, which I had
been messing about with since some time
781
01:28:04,230 --> 01:28:05,230
1947.
782
01:28:06,230 --> 01:28:07,530
Yours, George.
783
01:29:04,880 --> 01:29:06,120
For the love of God.
784
01:30:29,940 --> 01:30:34,340
The mother is a woman, the father is a
man.
785
01:30:57,100 --> 01:30:58,660
April 4th, 1984.
786
01:30:59,840 --> 01:31:02,900
Last night to the flicks. All war films.
787
01:31:03,600 --> 01:31:05,340
One very good one.
788
01:31:05,720 --> 01:31:10,140
Of a ship full of refugees being bombed
somewhere in the Mediterranean.
789
01:31:11,400 --> 01:31:17,340
Audience much amused by shots of a great
huge fat man trying to swim away with a
790
01:31:17,340 --> 01:31:18,480
helicopter after him.
791
01:31:20,560 --> 01:31:23,900
Then you saw a lifeboat full of
children.
792
01:31:24,440 --> 01:31:26,700
with a helicopter hovering over it.
793
01:31:27,300 --> 01:31:32,480
There was a middle -aged woman, might
have been a Jewess, sitting up in the
794
01:31:32,480 --> 01:31:36,460
with a little boy, about three years old
in her arms.
795
01:31:37,700 --> 01:31:43,120
Then the helicopter planted a 20 -kilo
bomb in among them.
796
01:31:44,020 --> 01:31:47,500
Terrific flash, and the boat went all to
Mount Wood.
797
01:31:50,820 --> 01:31:53,620
Then there was a wonderful shot of a
child's arm.
798
01:31:54,280 --> 01:31:58,460
going up, up, up, right up into the air.
799
01:31:59,060 --> 01:32:03,140
A helicopter with a camera in its nose
must have followed it up.
800
01:32:03,680 --> 01:32:06,680
There was a lot of applause from the
party seats.
801
01:32:09,140 --> 01:32:14,400
Winston stops writing, partly because he
was suffering from cramp.
802
01:32:24,810 --> 01:32:27,550
Lord, a piece of work is the pursuit of
truth.
803
01:32:31,010 --> 01:32:33,310
Don't be a writer, Richard, whatever you
do.
804
01:32:35,050 --> 01:32:36,410
Be a farmer.
805
01:32:38,650 --> 01:32:39,750
Grow things.
806
01:32:41,070 --> 01:32:42,190
Keep goats.
807
01:32:47,770 --> 01:32:53,470
Our civilization is decadent, and our
language so the argument runs.
808
01:32:54,240 --> 01:32:57,320
must inevitably share in the general
collapse.
809
01:32:58,500 --> 01:33:04,600
The words democracy, socialism, freedom,
patriotic,
810
01:33:04,840 --> 01:33:11,700
realistic, justice, have each of them
several different meanings which
811
01:33:11,700 --> 01:33:13,800
cannot be reconciled with one another.
812
01:33:21,750 --> 01:33:26,990
But if thought corrupts language,
language can also corrupt thought.
813
01:33:27,690 --> 01:33:28,930
Here's the truth.
814
01:33:29,770 --> 01:33:31,510
Israel seeks peace.
815
01:33:32,450 --> 01:33:34,190
Israel yearns for peace.
816
01:33:34,810 --> 01:33:38,490
Israel has made peace and will make
peace again.
817
01:34:50,120 --> 01:34:55,560
Political language is designed to make
lies sound truthful and murder
818
01:34:55,560 --> 01:34:56,560
respectable.
819
01:35:07,320 --> 01:35:12,460
Barnhill, Isle of Jura, 22nd of October,
1948.
820
01:35:14,180 --> 01:35:18,840
Dear Fred, I have just had Sartre's book
on antisemitism.
821
01:35:19,420 --> 01:35:20,940
which you published to review.
822
01:35:21,880 --> 01:35:26,140
I think Sartre is a bag of wind, and I'm
going to give him a good boot.
823
01:35:26,880 --> 01:35:33,280
The less talk there is about the Jew or
the anti -Semite as a species of animal
824
01:35:33,280 --> 01:35:36,220
different from ourselves, the better.
825
01:36:18,600 --> 01:36:21,660
At the start of 2024, Google cut 1 ,000
jobs.
826
01:36:21,900 --> 01:36:27,160
Why? Pichai says it's about removing
layers to simplify execution.
827
01:36:28,200 --> 01:36:32,720
Tesla, we're told the company will lay
off over 10 % of its workforce.
828
01:36:33,440 --> 01:36:36,800
UPS announced it will lay off 12 ,000
employees.
829
01:36:37,300 --> 01:36:42,700
The practice of stack ranking employees
might be making a comeback in Silicon
830
01:36:42,700 --> 01:36:45,360
Valley. The layoffs are already piling
up this year.
831
01:36:46,000 --> 01:36:49,700
The layoffs in technology just keep
coming. The latest, Google cutting
832
01:36:49,700 --> 01:36:50,700
of jobs.
833
01:36:50,760 --> 01:36:54,580
Okay, it's one thing to do that, to
decide that at a high level. Then the
834
01:36:54,580 --> 01:36:57,720
question is, how do you execute that as
compassionately as possible? And there's
835
01:36:57,720 --> 01:36:58,720
no good way.
836
01:37:00,420 --> 01:37:04,180
There's no perfect way, for sure. And
it's going to be tough no matter what.
837
01:37:04,180 --> 01:37:08,040
as a leadership team here, we've
certainly spent a lot of time just
838
01:37:08,100 --> 01:37:11,140
okay, what is the most compassionate way
that we can do this?
839
01:37:24,040 --> 01:37:29,460
From where Winston stood, it was just
possible to read, picked out on its
840
01:37:29,460 --> 01:37:33,740
face in elegant lettering, the three
slogans of the party.
841
01:37:34,220 --> 01:37:36,000
Freedom is slavery.
842
01:37:36,800 --> 01:37:39,020
War is peace.
843
01:37:40,140 --> 01:37:42,000
Ignorance is strength.
844
01:37:55,950 --> 01:37:57,270
Again, how many fingers?
845
01:38:00,190 --> 01:38:01,190
I don't know.
846
01:38:02,910 --> 01:38:03,930
I don't know.
847
01:38:05,470 --> 01:38:07,690
Four, five, six.
848
01:38:08,950 --> 01:38:11,370
In all honesty, I don't know.
849
01:38:25,150 --> 01:38:26,590
of February 1949.
850
01:38:28,190 --> 01:38:32,790
Dear Julian, I wonder how you and your
family are getting on.
851
01:38:33,570 --> 01:38:36,170
I have been in this place about a month.
852
01:38:36,730 --> 01:38:41,550
I think I told you last time I wrote
that I had been feeling very bad again.
853
01:38:42,810 --> 01:38:48,270
Richard is getting on for five now and
is enormous and very healthy, though
854
01:38:48,270 --> 01:38:50,590
still not interested in learning his
letters.
855
01:38:51,630 --> 01:38:53,710
I suppose this coming winter...
856
01:38:54,510 --> 01:38:59,270
He will have to start going to school,
which he is certain to enjoy, as he is
857
01:38:59,270 --> 01:39:00,330
very gregarious.
858
01:39:22,550 --> 01:39:23,990
Cranham, 8th of April.
859
01:39:25,839 --> 01:39:31,940
1949. Dear Richard, don't depress the
others too much with this, but the fact
860
01:39:31,940 --> 01:39:33,600
I am in a bad way at present.
861
01:39:34,360 --> 01:39:36,800
They are going to try streptomycin
again.
862
01:39:37,680 --> 01:39:43,600
If things go badly, of course we'll hope
they won't, but one must be prepared
863
01:39:43,600 --> 01:39:44,600
for the worst.
864
01:39:44,880 --> 01:39:50,060
I'll ask you to bring little Richard to
see me, before I get too frightening an
865
01:39:50,060 --> 01:39:51,060
appearance.
866
01:40:22,369 --> 01:40:26,250
Cranham, Gloucester, 22nd of August,
1949.
867
01:40:27,870 --> 01:40:34,710
Dear Fred, could you please send one
copy each of Burmese Days and Coming Up
868
01:40:34,710 --> 01:40:38,090
Air to Sonia Brownell, Care of Horizon.
869
01:40:39,710 --> 01:40:43,990
As I warned you I might do, I intend
getting married again.
870
01:40:44,590 --> 01:40:45,770
To Sonia.
871
01:40:46,870 --> 01:40:50,170
When I am once again in the land of the
living.
872
01:40:50,860 --> 01:40:55,560
If I ever am, I suppose everyone will be
horrified.
873
01:40:56,480 --> 01:41:02,460
But apart from other considerations, I
really think I should stay alive longer
874
01:41:02,460 --> 01:41:04,360
if I were married.
875
01:41:08,720 --> 01:41:10,340
One, two.
876
01:41:11,160 --> 01:41:13,040
One, two.
877
01:41:13,880 --> 01:41:15,640
One, two.
878
01:41:17,060 --> 01:41:18,060
One...
879
01:41:22,429 --> 01:41:23,830
6079 Smith W?
880
01:41:24,870 --> 01:41:25,910
Yes, you.
881
01:41:26,410 --> 01:41:27,410
Bend lower.
882
01:41:28,950 --> 01:41:32,410
Winston wrenched his body out of bed,
naked.
883
01:41:32,890 --> 01:41:35,910
The physical jerks would begin in three
minutes.
884
01:41:36,150 --> 01:41:41,530
The next moment, he was doubled up by a
violent coughing fit, which nearly
885
01:41:41,530 --> 01:41:43,990
always attacked him soon after waking
up.
886
01:41:44,290 --> 01:41:50,470
It emptied his lungs so completely that
he could only begin breathing again by
887
01:41:50,470 --> 01:41:51,470
lying on his back.
888
01:41:52,140 --> 01:41:54,360
and taking a series of deep gasps.
889
01:42:06,960 --> 01:42:13,720
Dear Francis A. Henson of the United
Automobile Workers, my recent novel
890
01:42:13,720 --> 01:42:20,280
is not intended as an attack on
socialism or on the British Labour
891
01:42:20,280 --> 01:42:21,440
which I am a supporter.
892
01:42:22,320 --> 01:42:28,000
but as a show -up of the perversions to
which a centralized economy is liable
893
01:42:28,000 --> 01:42:33,600
and which have already been partly
realized in communism and fascism.
894
01:42:34,140 --> 01:42:39,420
I do not believe that the kind of
society I describe necessarily will
895
01:42:39,640 --> 01:42:43,820
but I believe that something resembling
it could arrive.
896
01:42:44,480 --> 01:42:48,900
And I have tried to draw these ideas out
to their logical consequences.
897
01:42:49,900 --> 01:42:55,530
The scene of the book, is laid in
Britain in order to emphasize that the
898
01:42:55,530 --> 01:43:01,410
-speaking races are not innately better
than anyone else, and that
899
01:43:01,410 --> 01:43:06,450
totalitarianism, if not fought against,
could triumph anywhere.
900
01:43:11,630 --> 01:43:12,990
We are the dead.
901
01:43:15,410 --> 01:43:16,830
We are the dead.
902
01:43:21,800 --> 01:43:25,840
exactly where you are. Make no move
until you are ordered.
903
01:43:40,360 --> 01:43:41,360
Don't resist.
904
01:43:41,800 --> 01:43:43,220
Stand in the middle of the room.
905
01:43:45,740 --> 01:43:48,120
Do not touch one another.
906
01:43:51,080 --> 01:43:52,080
Take the woman.
907
01:43:53,020 --> 01:43:54,900
No, don't let her take me!
908
01:43:55,320 --> 01:43:56,660
No! No!
909
01:43:57,180 --> 01:43:58,180
No!
910
01:43:58,280 --> 01:44:03,420
I warned you it wouldn't be as peaceful
here as you would like.
911
01:44:05,100 --> 01:44:07,080
Nothing is hidden from the thought
police.
912
01:44:19,210 --> 01:44:22,670
How does one man assert his power over
another, Winston?
913
01:44:24,230 --> 01:44:25,250
Winston thought.
914
01:44:26,350 --> 01:44:28,850
By making him suffer, he said.
915
01:44:29,950 --> 01:44:32,550
Exactly. By making him suffer.
916
01:44:39,590 --> 01:44:40,950
Obedience is not enough.
917
01:44:41,690 --> 01:44:43,150
Unless he is suffering.
918
01:44:44,290 --> 01:44:47,170
How can you be sure that he is obeying
your will?
919
01:44:47,680 --> 01:44:48,780
and not his own.
920
01:44:50,520 --> 01:44:54,540
Power is in inflicting pain and
humiliation.
921
01:44:58,880 --> 01:45:05,520
Power is in tearing human minds to
pieces and putting them together again
922
01:45:05,520 --> 01:45:07,600
shapes of your own choosing.
923
01:45:16,490 --> 01:45:17,490
Not to me.
924
01:45:17,530 --> 01:45:18,530
Not to me.
925
01:45:23,030 --> 01:45:28,410
If you want a vision of the future,
Winston, imagine a boot stamping on a
926
01:45:28,410 --> 01:45:29,410
face forever.
927
01:45:35,350 --> 01:45:36,350
Do it to her.
928
01:45:37,050 --> 01:45:38,050
Do it to Julia.
929
01:45:39,230 --> 01:45:41,230
I don't care what you do to her, but do
it to her.
930
01:45:41,510 --> 01:45:43,710
Tear her face off and do it to Julia,
not to me.
931
01:45:54,920 --> 01:45:58,720
Do you begin to see, then, what kind of
world we are creating?
932
01:46:38,800 --> 01:46:43,820
All we have done is to advance to a
point at which we could make a real
933
01:46:43,820 --> 01:46:45,720
improvement in human life.
934
01:46:46,600 --> 01:46:52,700
But we shan't do it without the
recognition that common decency is
935
01:47:13,290 --> 01:47:19,690
My chief hope for the future is that the
common people have never parted company
936
01:47:19,690 --> 01:47:21,830
with their moral code.
937
01:48:55,540 --> 01:48:56,880
I betrayed you.
938
01:48:57,460 --> 01:48:58,840
I betrayed you.
939
01:48:59,380 --> 01:49:00,900
I told them all about you.
940
01:49:01,180 --> 01:49:02,760
Yes, I told them about you too.
941
01:49:06,800 --> 01:49:11,500
I ask only for you to accept my love of
our leader.
942
01:49:12,540 --> 01:49:15,120
I love Big.
943
01:49:15,710 --> 01:49:17,650
John? Run with Big Brother!
944
01:49:17,890 --> 01:49:19,090
Run with Big Brother!
945
01:49:19,330 --> 01:49:20,490
Run with Big Brother!
946
01:49:20,850 --> 01:49:22,050
Run with Big Brother!
947
01:49:22,490 --> 01:49:23,590
Run with Big Brother!
948
01:49:47,210 --> 01:49:53,030
Ladies and gentlemen, please welcome the
next president of the United States,
949
01:49:53,450 --> 01:49:55,650
President Donald J.
950
01:49:55,950 --> 01:49:56,950
Trump.
951
01:49:59,990 --> 01:50:06,370
The greatest fear that I have regarding
the outcome for America of these
952
01:50:06,370 --> 01:50:08,110
disclosures is that nothing will change.
953
01:50:09,090 --> 01:50:14,430
People will see in the media all of
these disclosures. They'll know the
954
01:50:15,920 --> 01:50:21,780
government is going to grant themselves
powers unilaterally to
955
01:50:21,780 --> 01:50:27,000
create greater control over American
society and global society.
956
01:50:27,400 --> 01:50:34,300
But they won't be willing to take the
risks necessary to stand up and
957
01:50:34,300 --> 01:50:41,300
fight to change things, to force their
representatives to actually take a stand
958
01:50:41,300 --> 01:50:42,300
in their interests.
959
01:50:42,520 --> 01:50:45,660
In four years, you don't have to vote
again. We'll have it fixed so good
960
01:50:45,660 --> 01:50:46,660
not going to have to vote.
961
01:50:52,040 --> 01:50:54,480
How do we solve collective action
problems?
962
01:50:55,080 --> 01:50:56,900
We solve them with democracy.
963
01:50:57,740 --> 01:51:01,540
So there is one thing that surveillance
capitalists fear.
964
01:51:01,960 --> 01:51:07,540
It may not be me as an individual or you
as an individual or your son or
965
01:51:07,540 --> 01:51:08,540
daughter as an individual.
966
01:51:09,130 --> 01:51:13,290
But what they fear is all of us
mobilized together now.
967
01:51:28,630 --> 01:51:33,690
If there is hope, wrote Winston, it lies
in the proles.
968
01:51:34,490 --> 01:51:37,550
If there was hope, it must lie.
969
01:51:38,090 --> 01:51:39,090
in the proles.
970
01:51:39,850 --> 01:51:46,590
Because only there, in those swarming,
disregarded masses, 85 %
971
01:51:46,590 --> 01:51:52,430
of the population of Oceania could the
force to destroy the party ever be
972
01:51:52,430 --> 01:51:53,430
generated.
973
01:51:54,430 --> 01:51:59,330
The party could not be overthrown from
within.
974
01:53:14,860 --> 01:53:15,860
University College Hospital.
975
01:53:16,980 --> 01:53:18,340
How did you sleep?
976
01:53:21,100 --> 01:53:23,220
7 to 7 .30 a .m.
977
01:53:24,960 --> 01:53:26,100
Temperature taken.
978
01:53:28,160 --> 01:53:30,260
7 .30 to 8 .00.
979
01:53:31,840 --> 01:53:32,840
Planket bath.
980
01:53:34,500 --> 01:53:35,740
Back rubbed.
981
01:53:37,560 --> 01:53:38,680
10 .30.
982
01:53:40,420 --> 01:53:43,020
Ward maid comes to the suite room.
983
01:53:48,330 --> 01:53:49,330
6 .45.
984
01:53:49,990 --> 01:53:50,990
Dinner.
985
01:53:52,110 --> 01:53:53,110
10.
986
01:53:53,830 --> 01:53:54,970
Temperature taken.
987
01:53:56,050 --> 01:53:58,030
A drink of some sort.
988
01:54:00,070 --> 01:54:01,490
10 .30 about.
989
01:54:03,430 --> 01:54:04,930
Bed tipped.
990
01:54:05,570 --> 01:54:07,710
And light put out.
991
01:54:08,830 --> 01:54:10,010
Shortly after.
992
01:56:19,500 --> 01:56:21,380
I'm done with you.
993
01:56:23,860 --> 01:56:26,100
You want to be safe.
994
01:56:29,480 --> 01:56:31,220
What do you prefer?
995
01:56:32,380 --> 01:56:38,880
To be safe or to be free?
996
01:56:40,740 --> 01:56:43,400
I am watching you.
997
01:56:44,340 --> 01:56:46,040
Watching you.
998
01:56:50,510 --> 01:56:56,290
You know I love you, you know that I
love you, and this is for your
999
01:56:56,290 --> 01:56:58,310
safety.
1000
01:57:38,250 --> 01:57:43,150
need to think. You don't need to worry,
worry.
1001
01:57:44,350 --> 01:57:50,490
You want to be safe, but I'm here. I'm
here for you.
1002
01:57:55,590 --> 01:57:57,450
Yeah, yeah, yeah.
1003
01:57:58,250 --> 01:58:01,490
I'm here for you.
1004
01:58:55,560 --> 01:59:02,160
you prefer so I am watching you watching
you
1005
01:59:02,160 --> 01:59:06,160
cause I love you and I want
83551
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