Original subtitles

them

nowadays rethinking the 22 home

as an icon of Britishness timber-framed

maybe thatched cottage sounds wonderful done

these quaint pretty wrecked the past live the revolution in technology

the change them and box

this is great age changes one other reasons we'll

love to change appears so much because CAD discovery

and as a sense that anything is possible

one place this change was most evident was in the home

domestic life was transported

but as with anything you the risks home

from the new technology that moved our rooms

I'm were

to the exotic foods that build the table you're using a luxury

to show off but is hidden death behind him fried

she's really Newton's and the radical treatment

introduced to the medicine cabinets new

life-threatening changes made their way into the heart to the 22 home

with the help of modern science

and historical records on investigate what really went on

in the 22 household

I find out about hidden dangers and what killed shooters

in their very own houses

welcome to the treacherous world but the real Chu to home

will

this house States from the ended the two-day age

around fifteen ninety at the time there was an emergency people with new wealth

who had aspirations for their homes this is how to someone in the middling source

is in the middle ranks a society in a pre capped a sage before that

talk causes makes any sense so it's professionals artisans

yeoman farmers and in this case a successful merchant

well ok

the increasingly wealthy people the middling sought

build new kinds houses and the unforeseen consequence

was at the introduced hidden killers to the home

but how exactly did these beautiful buildings threaten the lives of the

merchants in your man who inhabited them

many previously unknown dangers made their way back here

from newly discovered distant lands some arriving directly

into their kitchens and dining rooms this was an age discovery

the transformed to to life and expiration

conquest colonization trade all had the impact on the 22 home

in various guises middling sold

benefited from a boom in trade prospering from the new markets in goods

the coming available new items and imported luxuries from food

to furniture helped make the home more comfortable

than ever before the cheaper it is definitely the start all

a real investment in material things at four ordinary

a relatively ordinary people

so there's a huge increase in the number and quality of items that people would

have had in their homes

from rich textile hangings and furnishings to

more furniture additional bedding

and many more items of tableware

costly showing items like pewter

a definitely the kinda thing you want to invest in and display in the home

as a way of indicating that you have wealthy have

I'm statuses is possible to sell fashioning a few identity

and it was in the dining room

where the taste for the new and exotic was clearly visible

overseas trade

to you goods potatoes to Martin's

and you bump into things were previously rare like this

2012 15:14 English didn't have worked this color

and of course into mass production of the substance so

valuable and delicious and becoming

as white gold I want a backer

Shikha sugar had been a fantastically expensive commodity throughout the

Middle Ages

but in two times the price dropped sharply

through using slave labor production costs for Kaplan

so on the back of the slave trade sugar became an attainable luxury

the people of the Middle insult the role the bland many

diet have bred cottage beans lentils

hopes dairy and eggs occasional meet

and if absolutely necessary vegetables began to being harnessed

with sugar

was the process by which we could produce sugar be completed

to your house looking like this as a they should allow

but has to be broken up someone's gonna sit there with a hammer

and then pestle and mortar and if you want to have an icing sugar to sprinkle

over things as a

a lovely dish which is justice salad lemons sprinkled with just two children

well in some

paula has got to sit there and push it resources so this work hours in sugar as

well as

expense she becomes

arm something that's a sort of desirable a

way of displaying status so you might use

sweet treats at the end all a meal the banquet

course it's known ass

with no sense that sugar could be bad for you they would even show off and

play the sugar

disguising it to look like some other delicacies so we got here

addition not there's little sugar shells with a little bit old sugar and our man

in the middle of the marzipan

dusted with cinnamon to give it the naughty color and you get to read appear

suede

I'm what's this when I want to stand out some bacon the time he was supposed to

be being spoilt and bacon is is is working man's food

but not in this case it's been made to 'em like

bacon by doing some the sugar with cultural and leaving

arrest want to look like fat but is in fact all sugar would leave

but a little to rosies insurer and the middle one

covered in silt early so the one that looks over is actually pure silver

on top and ap stats show your

your diners real luxury you taken upstream region

on sugar put man hours into it and then put a precious metal on top as well

from nowhere sugar became

the must-have item at any well-to-do

what would it be like to have one should have just been really in 10

yes I don't think we can really imagine it we've grown up sure all around the

timesheet in most a bathroom somewhere even bread

sent to go somewhere where you're done has been virtually sugar-free

and be given table for sure how things to be a huge relation energy

by

by prosecutor wanna back to go so

if you just sugar and alcohol for the first time you will be buzzing

I wouldn't be trying when the Sherman Oaks she's really naughty

Ashika became more popular

and its consumption more widespread the wealthy ostentatious sugar lover

would have little idea up the trouble the lay ahead

your

your in the Museum of London storage box

doctor yet in a bit farther studies the remains have almost 20,000 bodies

spanning the city's history it's a unique resource the reveals changes in

disease patterns

overtime I've come to see what

evidence 16 sentry teeth can provide for the impact

sugar on our health cannot tell me about these different schools what are they

telling

well what their and showing us and telling us is the change that we might

see

in the dentition and dental health we see a marked change from

medieval period the American coming three up into the more recent times

he fine just turn this became here you can see good and the visitors

teeth here and this is medieval yes it this is early medieval

and military any young individual that an adult but you can see here that you

haven't got any changes

DK you've got lovely enamel formation

but if we come t this individual you can see here that you've lost the molars

if you look at the mandible you can just seen a just got REITs

a bit each where they just recently inducted away and DK is completely

destroyed

you now so this one's a medieval school and this one dates from

professor that need sixteenth-century so this is later on in the season to the

time and you've had

should be introduces more freely available and you can see the

consequences in eighty

so in Bay City Opera and load your you've got these huge gaps imagine help

paying for everything to go through haptic must not be here in this yes the

kids

had to think an abscess I'm such a horrible really nasty Zeta had

battle on titty affected must been absolutely ghastly

unfortunately the methods people in the Tudor period

used to clean their teeth didn't really help

in fact the unwittingly made things worse

the Cheetahs would I use toothpicks a lot

and they would white 30s with tooth clots and they would use a variety of

powders and pastes

and solutions offer with resort actually of them with sugar or honey in it as

well

snot for help for K

they would sometimes is alabaster sticks

and with ticket uh stains they might use

a powder which was crowned coral and palestinian

which would also take away the enamel of course the

all sad kissing comforts which were perfume suites which would take way bad

breath but did nothing for the 2k

im tragically the tutors have no idea that they were in the grip

what would become a centuries-long addiction

it's the sweet taste sugar that attracts at all

and but part of the reason for that is that it has an effect on the chemicals

are body

for

sugar helps ass absorb amino acid called trip to Japan

which is used to make the neurotransmitter serotonin

and this is a chemical that affects the brain to make us feel happy and content

it's one of the assorted like a pleasure chemical a sugar is linked to bat

and so it's thought that that's why people like sugar and that's why

it is sometimes described as being addicted in 1592

the Judas began recording deaths in mortality bills

thank lewd all manner the parent causes and all the biggest killers make an

appearance

play fever consumption

and surprisingly teeth were there too

bad teeth

can retire from bhakti yes

yes absolutely tooth disease can be a killer

teeth a lot are deadly if you've got that amount all

2k happening and back can also affect the baby im so you can inform

abscess any fats and rainy internees gotta love that poison to gain sin ti

back in causing a lot of problems in the housing

I'll t feel pretty kinky actually

I the

acids bacteria produce eat into the teeth

allowing infection to take it

bacteria can then get into the bloodstream and attack other parts of

the body

I'm but without antibiotics

there was very little to choose a dentist could do

beyond pulling teeth

they would have no understanding at all of the fact that sugar with damaging the

best the body so high sugar levels

could be predisposing into the debt develop diseases like diabetes

and then the bacteria from the decaying teeth would be damaging perhaps a half

miles

and the kidneys so could be causing damage to all the internal organs

and they would have no idea until it was too late %uh

gold sent sugar

really can buchanan yes because if you be sure affected that badly

and then it can have that really of affect on you on your health and ankles

you will you know your demise cause you to die

sugar was a slow burn killer taking centuries for its true impact be felt

now it's considered by some to be responsible for some of the greatest

health problems

about I'm the biggest danger there wasn't what they

8 but the very construction at the home itself

well I'm making my way into the main remove the house

on the train at the next killer in fact

sitting right here hidden in plain sight

home ok

it's not the fireplace but the chimney before the chimney was widely adopted

early to two homes like medieval houses before them

could easily fill up was life-threatening smoke

the typical to hatch worse and I'm

along have senators integrate all actions

percent finance sector new hole in the roof

to Christmas going

these early makeshift Ben didn't work well

allowing noxious fumes to build up in the home the chimney

offered a brilliant solution the

change from having an atmosphere indoors where you constantly breathing smoke in

your eyes weeping

to having one way is drawing your clean air and you is enormous

and certainly anybody who could fall to would have moved over Cincy

said got to grips with the idea of this new technology being available

not only did the chimney make the home more comfortable

it had a dramatic impact on its overall layout

over the course of the cheetah periods with

the down introduction of to begin with quite experimental chimneys

more opportunities become possible for pushing the fire

to the side of the rim in closing the file

allows you to subdivide that space making possible new ideas on

privacy and comfort to some extent I'll

so the chimney I should in the biggest change to the middling sorts home

for many centuries the first time

ordinary homes could happen upstairs level I'll

separate Rooms To Sleep Inn of

kitchen and Durham

to dine if

and each one had its own chimney it revolutionized domestic life

but these comforts came at a price

the chimney brought a hosted hidden dangers

as the said she went on

the regular reports of fires sweeping through whole towns

in the year 1538 the greatness sudden fire happened in the night season

which within the space of three hours consumed more than a dozen houses

and nine persons were burned to death their in the year

1541 a great fire began which burns so Saul

that the flame firing the whole house and consuming it

was seen call the city over 1485

to John Hall in together with the parson and his mom also burnt in that fire

and in Shakespeare's birthplace in stratford-upon-avon

the two major fires one in 1594 that burned down half the town

and another year later destroyed the remaining home

I'm

good to find out what caused these fires

judas examine the construction and the chimney well

in the rush to introduce this new technology

you get a builder in all you do the work yourself not necessarily to the highest

specification

there's no building regulations so

a lot of these early chinese-built active really inappropriate materials

timber and looked

you could stock if I and liked it the wooded been

that spock support the back at the chimney an enormous and with care on the

back there

should be we'll catch liked and I could smolder for hours and hours

you with the family would be fast asleep an action he was being in a way

and unknowingly and then the course that could spread to the roof

and then we wouldn't be getting into the building then as well as using flammable

materials in its construction

22 builders had yet to work out the basic principles that make a chimney

function

to it took quite a while to fully realize that you had to have

an aperture in the front of the fireplace there was no more than 10

times the narrowest point in the chimney

if you don't do that then the withdrawal probably you get smokes pulling back

into the room

0

the drawers the suction effect the quite literally drew was smoke and gases away

from the fire

up the chimney and out at the house but if the crew was not strong enough

smoke lingers in the chimney for far too long

with deadly consequences the smoked fish to sit

a half way up the chimney and the richest temple

no anybody knows anything about Pryor's

knows a smoker's and been truer forensic fire expect Emma Wilson

can demonstrate the impact unburned fuel

in a tutu chimney the small that is being produced by the

I fire at the base of the chimney ignites

and all of the smoke that text in a chimney begins to fame very quickly the

smoke itself catches

time the smoke catches fire yes and I can experiment to showing

how combustible small-company I K K

well

the new

so without an effective

drool fix deposits build-up inside the chimney

smoke hangs around and flew until the heat builds up

technician poem

easy to see this affect in Emma's experimental chin

you can see the Cascade

top start to get the ticking they won't complain that time already

them

seem imagine the effective these flames

on a thatched roof

and

source for the first people didn't realize that this happened to me

now and if you've never had a team leader for how would you know that this

could happen how would you know that you had to clean

2015 E so when people first start using jimmies I i imagine

you built it you thought that was it where is actually

we now know that cleaning etching regularly is something you've just got

to do to prevent

and chimney fires from occurring

into two times as today the consequences if iraq could be devastating

pamphlets like this one from $15.86

poetically chart the emotional impact these frequent fires

so the chimney could be lethal my joys a departed

my comfort is gone my people pull creatures

all morning in well they described really horrendous

heart-rending arm experiences up the individuals leasing

see their lives that children and the property in as

quite a bit of attention paid in these accounts to

that the kinds of pets being lost bands and

a sense of just tremendous ruin and Los the mood fellow by firing up his chimney

procured their casualty and

their accounts if a third have times been taken out by these major fires that

sometimes traced back to just one individual no

looking after that chimney probably Wed

so the chimney could be lethal

the biggest cause of death was not find itself

on doctor steven gum

is conducting important new research into some 9,000 coroners

inquest records from around the country during this period

these documents our unique source of statistical data

about shoot in life and provide a whole new inside

into death in the 22 home actually in the congress reports find they're more

house collapses killing people

the house fires because cheap houses are mostly made

things that born quite easily up them actually timber-framed

but they've been quite slowly city will have the chance to get out

the problem is that building chimneys on two houses and cost chimneys

a large structures so we have chimneys collapsing during fires

when fires election cited

brick was the one the material the distinguished the architecture the

chewed

age but it turns out that

early breaks had a hidden weakness when it comes to the defining feature

a 16th century house coal and wood

they would bid in the inside a chimney would about a thousand degrees

see and Colin about 1200 2pc

I was way more than the Brit could handle should

the bricks just couldn't handle heat what so ever and they would explode

that the more to that was holding the bricks together

would expand then it would contract

for like brick should be split I'm the chin with compassion

way so for example we come accident

in Canton 15-18 the father breaks out house in Wingham

in Kent several men run to put the fire out

Thomas Adams once called off over and another one they

get to help put the fire out with other people but again in the course of the

fire

brick chimney collapsed on top of them so touching the collapse material rather

than the fire itself

that kills them in hand The Tudors gradually came to understand the risks

to life and property the chimneys could pose

to tackle the problem they drew up what were effectively the very first health

and safety laws the chimneys

one there a ordinances for example issued in oxford's

in 1582 but actually make it the responsibility NH

each individual householder to constructs that Jimmy's in the region

appropriate materials

Sanaa patch for the reef but I'll slate and

brick or stone for the chimney that all chimneys occupied with fire within the

said city

child from henceforth be swept four times every year when upon pain of

forfeiture for every time that any chimney so happened to be fired

three shillings for opens to be paid by the owners have the same chimneys

Sanford

home

home

but even these laws couldn't prevent the Great Fire of London

eighty four years later

them

despite all the new luxuries a cheater life and the proliferation

grand motel rooms houses in many ways the house remains firmly lodged in the

medieval period

much what we think of as the basics of domestic life

simply weren't there for us there's nothing more fundamental than utility

and convenience have running water but for the Tudors

there was no such thing as a pass from or shower

me did

my next hidden killer lies outside the four walls at the house

well Luna house

an almost certainly was the woman used to bring every drop of water that the

family required

to the door this pocket became a familiar

and tedious but in water

is a very heavy substance and so if you've got a quiet from any distance

feel household

that's going to be an quite a major part of the efforts that's put in during the

day

all sources chose the Wii today do inside out Z modern homes

the Jews were forced to do outside vertically washing

and laundry this meant spending an awful lot of time down at the nearest water

source

in all weathers all year round effectively making them an extension to

the home

because ponds and streams paid such a major role in daily life

it's no surprise that they also appear in literature

often lethally but long it could not be

to let her garments heavy with their drink pulled the poor wretch from her

melodious lay

to muddy death you

well many as Shakespeare's plays and much writing at the time feature

characters drowning

and analysis at the coroner's report reveals for the first time

the number of deaths due to drowning in the Tudor period

the biggest contrast with today

is the amount to crowning so in 2010 in the UK

about 2 percent an accidental deaths were drownings now period in the 16th

century

it's more like forty percent karsh why so many well

people are exposed to open water in lots lots of different contexts

the single largest cause is probably fetching water but then there are lots

of other things that people have to do

household purposes that involve going to the water

you have to take animals to water you often have to travel across water

and cause the other thing is people have to wash their clothes and

we got an accident here with a young woman she's described as a spinster some

unmarried woman

called assure a red sole at this is 1556

and it says she went to a pond she was washing

a little cheer Nick called a petticoat and she was

sitting on a breach called a plank

and she fell of the planned into the pond

and she drowned

Elizabeth Bennet collecting warplanes to put in the bread

she was baking in the house the fence broke she fell into the moat

and round Elizabeth core munger

washing linen clothes on the bank of a river the feet slipped

she fell into the water and drowned leonard a lame

relieving himself on the verge a ditch when he crouched his feet slipped

and fell backwards into the water said why did so many drown

and often quite shallow water in the interests of science I'm donning

authentic to garp

and heading down to nearby pool on a fresh spring morning the water

temperatures

around 12 degrees im

the coroner's report suggest it was all too easy to slip and fall into the water

with potentially lethal consequences and the immediately

it's free

really coast so much so it makes me cost ok

first reflex when a body hits cold water is to gasp

home you have a sudden in taking and completely involuntary and is nothing

you can do about it

if you under the water when that happens keep reading water

ok assumes that cold water hits the back of your throat

larynx voice box it can cause it to go into spasm

and that will effectively Suffolk a team

even in relatively mild weather like this the water temperature

is a shock my reaction may sound extreme but the cold really makes me guard

to catch my breath water takes heat away from your body

twenty five times more quickly the name pair of the same temperature

so you very rapidly lose heat from the body and since I happens

your body functions to stop working

as well as the cold in the shock it's difficult to keep my balance

my clothes are dragging getting caught up

I'm it hard kept putting for stupid if you purchase anything to current

computer his good on that

the on

I'm in the difficulties getting out Sesame Street

okay again very happy goal

and getting completely 40% off

wall is uniquely good at absorbing moisture under the microscope it reveals

itself to have a surprisingly complex physical and chemical structure

it's made up to internal layers while the outer layers water

dirt in stain repellent the in a letter is highly absorbant

to walk in take in more moisture than any other fiber

before becoming saturated we gonna closed

like a huge how'd

I'm not just imagining it

more can absorb up to one and a half times it's dry weight

which means my clothes a much happier as I tried to get out

I didn't feel it when I was submerged

but as soon as I try to stand up it's a hefty added burden

it's really not easy struggling to stand up on sleep remarked

more freezing cold and weighed down by what Wall your

so it was a combination of heavy closing slippery banks

and the shock of the cold water that made running so prevalent

the shooters were certainly aware of the problem and as the 16th century war on

they began to take precautions towards the end to the Tudor period

people began to put covers on the 12th

be fenced off watercourses they install water pumps

and as communities work together to create safe source is a water

so the risk of death by drowning declined the idea of the home miss

something

encompassed by four walls is a very modern nation

so much of their domestic life involved the space

outside as well as the rooms inside the juice instead the house was

open impermeable humans and animals

tumbled in and out in a colorful call dismantle

from sunrise to sundown all the

the famous Dutch humanist harassed mister Cambridge

and he was disgusted by the state if the russians these were the

straw in the hay that they weren't they would put on the ground to keep

house warm to keep the house try and he said the cation they would change the

top lab at the bottom there

with some to stay there for 20 on kids and it was fellow

a lil still a fish to you it was for them vomit it's the

leakage man and a dogs and other abominations not fit

to mention he doubts and he was called Gong farmer

good clean your chest protector disease was obviously like there is dissent

recall a typhoid

3 the biggest wins in the two period

which would killing no problems at all she went to work when they were the cut

on your arm or leg

and the gentry was gone but I let encourage you

it was only a matter of time before winners to sing is king

knocking on the door

in the circumstances then its easy to understand how something as basic

and natural as childbirth was very dangerous around 20 out of every

thousand women

died in childbirth in comparison to 8 maternal deaths

per hundred thousand births in britain today when women give birth up to the

very vulnerable to infection

they're lining of the womb is a more wound

and they may pick up some tears in the genital tract

all of those given opportunity for infective organisms like bacteria to get

into the bloodstream when I could be a very dangerous thing

because people have no idea about how infections

were caused the concept of microorganisms like viruses or bacteria

causing disease

that came hundreds of years later the

infection was a huge hidden killer and two times

as we can understand from the coroner's inquest reports that medical context

explains why we have

many is accidental deaths was not so these are people who

cut themselves or break a limb they might cut themselves on a knife they

might

break a leg up falling out of a tree in there

me the yard next left house picking fruit whatever

and they wouldn't die from that now but on the 16th century circumstances

they have infection in wound all they have a blood clot which causes the

problems from a broken leg

so actually be coroner's inquest report report them dying

five days ten days 15 days after the accident

but they still say that the accident was obviously the thing that caused it

the coroner's reports tell us that between 1558 in 1560

unusual deaths from accidents around the country include

death from crush testicles up to playing games at Christmas

wrestling falling masonry

56 deaths were due to archery

and 12 escaped bad

whatever the cause injury or sickness

get ill in the 15th or 16th century

and you'd be unlikely to call in a professional doctor except in extremis

most people have the middling so would treat themselves at home

using herbs and ingredients from recipes pols down through the generations

for the 22 housewife

the medicine cabinet was limited to her knowledge and what was grown locally

in the garden at the home of a middling sought

would be a special section laid out specifically for growing herbs

remedies for daily elements in effect

but should a first aid kit in a bank

to the house they would have their own physic garden and

isn't a pastor in modern what's called Pharmacopoeia which is a

a body of herbal knowledge and understanding of which plants can help

in which plans can heal you

what conditions they can be used to treat now even

the smallest cottage in the village the person living there will have backed the

same knowledge even if they don't have the physical

but they'll know where to go in their local area to go and pick helps

stood peachy is custodian at the smooch you to staff has it gotten

was in the past I think we use for me just me well we've got things like her

tenzin here now tens is useful and

springtime at the end lengths because the thoughts that's the intestinal worms

they suffered from

was partly a result fully fish that made it known for that and some period

and tens is very good because it's a relatively mild poison that kills worms

next to that we've got ru now ru is one of the battery is different slants that

can be used to induce abortion

pennyroyal is another one long words with its spotted leaves their

that one is good for infections the long easing the chest

and I would have been used as a a general heard in that area so the

Chittagong usually the ocean it in

organic not to mention absolutely it's free as well as far as they're concerned

the new according to some sources

150 plants were considered to have use for medicinal qualities

boo grown in the garden and prepared in the home

people have this past storehouse a medical knowledge

and remedies and they passed them around that make pinned to their families

not be to the friends & neighbors because when that happens

medicine sprites out in to ever-growing

circles it's also worth remembering that virtually our entire

corpus have medical remedies tablets today are based on plans

we are still using props the same plans but we're distilling when using the

different weights the

the power it lies within the chemicals in the plans and that's what worked and

it works

now but herbal cures want without their dangers

get the dose wrong and you find yourself in trouble

many of these plants are safe in small doses

and toxic in high doses for example some tonight NZ which

action was very widely used as a way of putting words from your body

in springtime later in the year that becomes toxic

as the active ingredients buildup in concentration when you can make yourself

quite ill with it

a mixed up with some effective practical cures wasn't very

on police this idea that something that looks like a thing you're trying to

treat

might actually help it and so there's a plant's

has been called pile mort for example because its roots look a bit like piles

and this was used to treat hemorrhoids piles because

the plant looked a bit like what he was treating mmm

0 the superstitious beliefs along with the unpredictability of some herbal

cures

men the tournament San always had the potential to go disastrously wrong

but abroad according to an invention seem poised to change

or this for the better you had us couldn't berg had invented his movable

type printing press

forty years before the 22 area one of the things that is changing with

medicine at this point

is that's with the introduction printing which concert just before started and

issued a period

it is far easier to disseminate knowledge people have written books on

medicines since

classical times but watching now seeing is the printed page making that

more widely available initially printing presses were used mainly to produce

religious texts

by the mid 16th century printers and found a new market

publishing home annuals a mixture remedies in recipes

and these books were enormous John gerald's instrument was seventeen

hundred pages

profusely illustrated and and designed to enable you to clearly identify the

plants

and know what their effects on what the toxicities I'll

to some extent as well as what the benefits are the new

the best sellers were reprinted over and over again to me

popular demand historians estimate that maybe four hundred thousand medical

books

were printed or together in the Tudor period suddenly those who could afford

it

access to thousands arrest peas in just one book

far beyond their previous knowledge and all written

I suppose it medical expect at first glance

the books appeared to contain no shortage of sound advice

like john Gerard recommendation against planting deadly nightshade

if you will follow my counsel deal not with the same

in any case and banish it from your garden's

three boys did eat at the Pleasanton beautiful

fruity rolf to with four died in less than

8 hours after they had eaten them these medical books made their way into the 22

home

where they would have played a pivotal role in everyday life

or deaf there to help

people in the absence of a doctor let this serve called things like every man

his own

physician and they may be set out my body parts so therefore you just simply

leaf your way through I'm fine something is wrong with you

but the medical terms when necessary the wonderful care rules they first appeared

to be

some other recipes found in their pages seem very own

today missus and reboots brasseries health

medical treaties it was something the best seller in the 16th century

and include also Serenity's including this one here from Posey

so it says take a fox with all the skin know the body quartered

and with the hot liver and lungs and the fat muscle the entrails stanza kidneys

steve is it long in running water with Callum and bomb

and Cara ways and baby

the patient in the water of it and the smell a fox

is good for the poor see more

to the Tudors cures like this were rooted in perfectly reasonable ideas

about the body

and disease and living thing something that has been a life has

and what's called an animus living spirit and so with part to view is

with good dying then it makes a perfect logical sense

to you something from something that's been a life and restore the spirit ESL

kills incorporation the blood in bacteria written got to an animal

stood a high chance of being fatal applied to an

open wound like this remedy

for sexually transmitted disease way necklace culpepper 16-18 herbal has a

remedy for the clap

which is to to kill a chicken wanna still warm

to dip your pretty parts in it the Sudan calmed

and but was a basic problem with all the Q's

they were all based on a fundamental misunderstanding

way the trouble with all the recipes Inc years in the home manuals

is that the pre scientific but you to simply didn't know about the back to

pathogens that cause infection and disease they threw the party

was at the for humans four key fluids that needed to be kept in balance

to remain healthy disease was simply too beers altman in balance at the humans

nowadays we know there's no scientific basis for that at all

but if you've got a theory of disease the simply mom how can you tonight

unfortunately for the Tudors

they believe they were following sound medical advice

these a scientific men lead to something medical will to writing these tax

and the dangerous than they become effectively gospel

0 the knowledge in the books would have been perceived as being at the cutting

edge of Medicine

and the recipes in June 22 so long because really effective treatments for

infectious disease

was two hundred years away %uh

part of the problem was that no one had seen inside the body

for centuries human dissection had been banned throughout the Middle Ages

but in the fifteen forties henry the eighth allowed surgeons

to use the bodies are those hang to the gallows for medical research in

%uh detailed studies of human anatomy

became widely available for the first time marking the beginnings of

scientific inquiry into the body

but they didn't come soon enough to help with our next problem

but mom

I'm going up stairs into the bedroom to find out next hidden-camera

the

ok

min

the good

people as promiscuous in the past this thing out today

it's certainly socially frowned upon

and all the printed literature on the religious literature and all the

morality says you shouldn't do it

for people still do it you've only got to look at

the the court cases and the legitimacy records in the past to the bones to see

how many legitimate children being born

as a result of and married sex

children when the only consequences of such activities

way in 1497

disease was recorded in the British Isles for the first time

and its routine seem to be fine the most

interfax in most private place in the home

the veteran I'm

hospitals were being deluged with people suffering from a disease they'd never

seen before

will implode to doctor in London noted that

every other patient it is hospital had the same symptoms

in the hospital saint bartholomew London among

every 20 disease persons that were taken in 10 of them

had the pox the new

William Clowes produced medical treaties describing the symptoms of the disease

she talks about it producing pains or aches

BOCES nodes and found scabs

with corruption at the bones the niggas in here talks about venomous

pass stools scabs upon the forehead

browse facing bid as about the secret parks

its cool she says was that it was a pest into faction

a filthy last a sickness very low some odious

troublesome in dangerous the new testimony the just roth

of gold Wade

we now know that in fact these horrific symptoms what caused by a viral and

bacterial infection

which we call syphilis and what they may not have understood it's back to

origin to choose new enough to link its progress to sex

symptoms a very manifest

and to a society that's obsessed with signs and symptoms

it's very clear to them how this has come about

for the first stage

gives the characteristic boils and marks on the sexual organs

so it's seen as a result of sin promiscuity the many two towns had their

bawdy house all brothel

and the certainly aided the spread of the disease the new

event husbands carried infection right back into the heart of the home

as a poem the time warns

a woman had to haul munger is Wed is in the most desperate case

she scares days before my duty in bed with one of conditions same base

for sometimes he's bitten with Turnbull Street fellini's

the park's or some other infectious disease

whatever the source of infection

dissociation with illicit sex men to suffer was certain to become a social

outcast would the card terrible stigma

if you had some up syphilis cars band

you seen as a Cena you a scene as a prosecutor branded a syphilitic whole

consequently the telltale signs have syphilis

was sometimes cleverly disguised it was a real

stigma to have damaged tonight because people knew immediately that you must

have

and late state is a syphilis and so they even made

wooden and metal false noses said the people who try and cover

up the damage the syphilis it done you must

here in the museum at London's by archaeology department

thus further evidence of the impact of the disease on the city's population

some the treaties i havent heard from sixteenth century talk about things like

officers in the head and on the corners with the mouse and things like that

you ever come across something like that yet we do if we have an injury to hear

that

we can see from their skull that they are actually showing these lesions that

were that we would identify being satiated with the new syphilis

you can see here that's incredibly destructive

and if you imagine this poor soul being alive miss so much should be eaten away

its click

it must mean it. he renders speakers and you've got vase changes that we can seal

between now and the driving

but then you'd have had that changes that would then be

expressed in the soft tissues in the skin and schools

he might see the infection affecting our highways and can lead to blindness

also danced around the knees Landman can destroy the soft cheese is not possible

places well

the burn show how sufferers could have lived with surface for

decades the bacteria slowly eating away different parts of the body

with so many victims

a lot of effort went into finding a remedy the problem was

all too often the so-called kidder's could also finish you off

this is why am i close is full also some remedies for dealing with syphilis

page after page suggests different cures which indicates

somewhat not the Mike and after forty or fifty pages if these various cures

close identifies one more he says this is for the curation

the disease called the French pox and it's called

Quiksilver at his not carry mercury had long been thought of as a useful

treatment for skin conditions

because it seemed to have a beneficial effect from around 1300 22 been used

to treat skin complaints to weather is psoriasis

or leprosy or any other sort of infection

they would put mercury on it and so when they saw the people with

syphilis were developing skin lesions they thought they would use

the usual treatment for skin lesions which was mercury mercurial commute

minister they're all manner of different ways

a man's penis can be injected with Mercury on the

is Sourav might think of as a up ever

adulterated under pants for shipping dipped in mercury you can put clothes on

and I'll do it

may have had an effect locally on the area that was being treated

but of course we know that the initial Shankar the first sign of syphilis

would actually heal up and go on its own anyway within several weeks

and so perhaps after several weeks a mercury treatment if the skin lesion had

gone

they would assume it was because of the mercury rather than the natural course

of the disease

him

some other ways to doctors applied mercury to the body

where ingenious I took one of the more complex recipes to a specialist

laboratory

to analyze its makeup backs to scream

was a blended long hard beeswax various herbs

and elemental mercury we mix it together

and the surprisingly action from the nice

even suspension we expect

to see mobiles elemental mercury in fact anything nice

silver cream shine be

well in the final concentration contains 35 percent

all elemental mercury 35 percent yes

so a shoes concentrations why didn't they just put mercury straight into the

skin

you couldn't apply a midsummer creatures kinks just fall

I'm

so this was a Methodist former green to cream

and then to actually put this on the scheme to treat the lesions

on the set list this is actually very clever so they've made away

of making cream so that actually not Creek and be absorbed into it

and then rubbed into the skin yes and also tells us

that I want my cream which reply to the scheme

since I'm concentration of fewer an intimate provide

knew what they were doing yes they did your good love and you had to do that

would have had an impact

well elemental mercury doesn't actually diffusion skin that quickly about 1

percent

this cream governments came but the main hazards

actually Jersey inhalation that's why we can't take the murky cream

out to the sealed container its lethal when we measure the concentration of

mercury vapor coming from the cream

its of the scale item body temperature

side

I am 34 37 degrees centigrade that would be released

the gas phase concentration about fifty milligrams me to Q's

and the workroom admits and that we can't all right to die

2.02 so that some two-and-a-half thousand times

more concentrated Khwaja six ordinary so even if you weren't affected

being in the room minister in the treatment would have been hazardous

mercury typically affect the nervous system

and so it can cause I'm pins and needles

numbness in the hands and that can affect all the nerves did

start to lose your sent to balance

and not be able to tell exactly where you are in relation

to the world but then once it starts to affect the better the nervous system

it can get the brain and it can cause dementia memory loss

compulsions and then even tens

see what you showed great invention they were actually making the bed room itself

a deadly chemical trap filling it with poisonous papers

David is great day service so much so actually that that one doctor said that

after examining

the bane have some he died of syphilis he could see Quiksilver

quivering underneath this there

and an amazingly even today

historians conta green on West surplus came from

there a couple if there is one that

christopher Columbus brought syphilis back to the new world

and that was the first time to be introduced to Europe and that's why it

suddenly appeared

but another suggestion is that there was some mutation in the bacterium around

that time

it suddenly became much more the real into destructive and caused this

severe disease that suddenly appeared so nobody really knows

there would be no

effective cure for syphilis until centuries later

with the advent of antibiotics the need to treat syphilis properly

and all infection doctors first me didn't

accurate understanding of the body and a better theory of disease

they needed equipment the first microscopes for example were developed

in the last decade at the Tudor period

them

without a doubt the chewed a century witnessed a revolution in the way people

live their lives

the changes that took place

created to choose a house we know today with its picturesque beams and

fireplaces

I'm new technologies

have transformed the fundamental nature of domestic life

had started to OSH

in the modern H

with any pain

change do with dangers soul which took centuries taxpayers

and some which with us still their roots family located

in the two-day each