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Imagine you're at the movies.
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My Journey Through French Cinema
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Something unites Bertrand and me:
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we are both children
of the Liberation
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00:01:33,680 --> 00:01:35,830
and the Cinémathèque.
-Jean-Luc Godard
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It may have all begun in this park,
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where the house l was born in
once stood.
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I filmed Philippe Noiret here,
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00:01:48,320 --> 00:01:51,198
looking for his past like I am now...
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and my father, too,
to hear about his war years,
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and about Louis Aragon,
whom my parents had hid for months,
12
00:02:01,000 --> 00:02:05,039
and who wrote "There Is
No Happy Love" for my mother.
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00:02:05,080 --> 00:02:07,548
Aragon played a role in my life
14
00:02:07,600 --> 00:02:09,909
when l defended Godard's
Pierrot le fou.
15
00:02:09,960 --> 00:02:11,791
But let's not go too fast.
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It was here, the house I lived in.
17
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It was here, in this park,
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in the house that stood there,
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00:02:22,680 --> 00:02:26,195
that those first images
fired my imagination.
20
00:02:27,640 --> 00:02:30,200
I especially remember one afternoon,
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00:02:30,240 --> 00:02:33,755
my parents took me out to the terrace
that overlooked Lyon.
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I was three years old.
It was September, '44.
23
00:02:36,640 --> 00:02:40,189
And I saw lots of flares
lighting up the sky.
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00:02:40,240 --> 00:02:43,710
They announced the entrance
of troops liberating Lyon.
25
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American and French troops.
26
00:02:45,680 --> 00:02:49,070
All around me,
people were laughing and clapping.
27
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It was a festive atmosphere.
28
00:02:51,040 --> 00:02:54,635
And I've never forgotten that sight.
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00:02:54,680 --> 00:02:57,911
I've never forgotten
that light in the sky.
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00:02:57,960 --> 00:03:01,509
And when I went to the movies,
31
00:03:01,560 --> 00:03:07,476
and suddenly light filled the screen
and the curtain opened,
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I thought of the lights in the sky,
33
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and the screen about to light up
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symbolized, in a way,
the hope I sensed around me
35
00:03:20,400 --> 00:03:22,868
during that moment on the terrace.
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00:03:22,920 --> 00:03:27,357
To be a child of the Liberation
was also to be a war child,
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00:03:27,400 --> 00:03:29,994
with all that goes with it.
38
00:03:31,160 --> 00:03:36,439
I was diagnosed early on
with a problem in my retina
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00:03:36,480 --> 00:03:40,996
that was apparently due
to the food shortage.
40
00:03:41,040 --> 00:03:45,158
I had what they called
"a primary infection."
41
00:03:45,960 --> 00:03:49,999
l learned only recently
that it was actually tuberculosis.
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00:03:50,440 --> 00:03:54,991
My parents sent me
to a sanatorium in St. Gervais.
43
00:03:55,040 --> 00:03:58,350
On Sundays, they showed movies.
44
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That's where a movie
made its first real impact on me.
45
00:04:03,800 --> 00:04:05,074
It was a chase scene.
46
00:04:05,120 --> 00:04:10,672
There were two motorcycle cops
chasing gangsters.
47
00:04:10,720 --> 00:04:17,637
They had to decide whether to take
the coast road or the tunnel.
48
00:04:17,680 --> 00:04:19,796
They must've taken the tunnel.
49
00:04:20,680 --> 00:04:23,558
If we take the shortcut,
we can head them off.
50
00:04:23,600 --> 00:04:24,874
Yes, take the shortcut.
51
00:04:24,920 --> 00:04:31,029
I could visualize that chase scene
very clearly for years to come.
52
00:04:31,080 --> 00:04:34,038
But it wasn't
until maybe 25 years later
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00:04:34,080 --> 00:04:37,152
that I identified the movie.
54
00:04:37,200 --> 00:04:40,556
The first movie
that really impressed me
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00:04:40,600 --> 00:04:42,795
was directed by Jacques Becker.
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It was Dernier atout.
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The film that so impressed me
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was the work of one of France's
greatest filmmakers.
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00:04:51,840 --> 00:04:54,115
One that I would worship.
60
00:04:54,160 --> 00:04:57,835
At age six,
I could've made a worse choice.
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00:05:00,200 --> 00:05:06,036
Dernier atout is a brilliant
but minor film of Becker's.
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00:05:07,200 --> 00:05:09,555
The real shock came
in seeing Casque d'Or
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00:05:09,600 --> 00:05:11,670
at the Noctambule
on Rue Champollion
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00:05:11,720 --> 00:05:14,029
where I used to play hooky.
65
00:05:14,080 --> 00:05:16,514
l was staggered
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00:05:17,160 --> 00:05:19,913
by the serene assurance
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00:05:19,960 --> 00:05:24,800
with which Becker managed to create
a tragic climate
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00:05:24,840 --> 00:05:28,799
that he usually distilled
with more restraint.
69
00:05:29,720 --> 00:05:31,312
I can't leave you my lamp.
70
00:05:31,360 --> 00:05:34,716
Here the tragedy hits you frontally.
71
00:05:38,720 --> 00:05:44,113
What's striking is
his formal and visual command,
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00:05:44,160 --> 00:05:45,991
the narrative elegance,
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00:05:46,640 --> 00:05:50,599
and the way this mastery
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00:05:50,640 --> 00:05:52,870
never interferes with the emotion,
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00:05:52,920 --> 00:05:56,754
never makes the work impersonal.
76
00:05:57,960 --> 00:06:03,990
It's's a film in which you constantly
feel the characters' heartbeat.
77
00:06:04,040 --> 00:06:08,716
The mise-en-sce‘ne flexes emotion
like you flex your muscles.
78
00:06:29,000 --> 00:06:32,117
It's a gangster's den.
We could get murdered.
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00:06:32,160 --> 00:06:34,469
Maybe even raped.
80
00:06:34,520 --> 00:06:38,798
See how the various characters
enter the dance hall,
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00:06:38,840 --> 00:06:39,955
"The Ange! Gabriel."
82
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The way the bourgeois enter,
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00:06:41,200 --> 00:06:44,875
all edgy about being
in this den of iniquity.
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Casque d'Or's entrance.
85
00:06:57,600 --> 00:06:58,953
And Manda's.
86
00:06:59,000 --> 00:06:59,989
Ladies.
87
00:07:00,040 --> 00:07:01,553
Sir.
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00:07:01,600 --> 00:07:05,639
Each is broken down into shots
and framed with such precision,
89
00:07:05,680 --> 00:07:09,798
such clarity
and minute attention to reality
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00:07:09,840 --> 00:07:14,630
that enables Becker to create
a different climate
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00:07:14,680 --> 00:07:16,796
and a different tension every time.
92
00:07:23,800 --> 00:07:26,598
The famous Mr. Modigliani.
Do sit down.
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00:07:26,640 --> 00:07:31,509
He didn't use those devices
that date a number of French films:
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00:07:31,560 --> 00:07:34,996
tilt shots, falsely poetic ideas.
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00:07:35,520 --> 00:07:39,991
There's a remark
that applies to Becker as well
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00:07:40,040 --> 00:07:43,715
that Jacques Rivette
made about Hawks:
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that he put the camera at eye level.
98
00:07:45,840 --> 00:07:48,673
-Mr. Modigliani and Mr...
-Sborovsky.
99
00:07:48,720 --> 00:07:50,836
Pleased to meet you.
100
00:07:56,960 --> 00:08:00,032
Becker is one of the French directors
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00:08:00,080 --> 00:08:04,198
who best understood and mastered
American filmmaking.
102
00:08:04,240 --> 00:08:07,994
He was a huge fan
of Hawks and Lubitsch.
103
00:08:08,040 --> 00:08:10,634
That passion for American movies
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00:08:10,680 --> 00:08:12,432
is evident in all his films.
105
00:08:14,040 --> 00:08:17,396
First his love of jazz
in Rendez-vous de juillet.
106
00:08:39,880 --> 00:08:44,112
Like all American filmmakers,
he knew how to convey
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00:08:44,160 --> 00:08:47,232
that sense of space and time.
108
00:08:47,280 --> 00:08:48,315
Manu!
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00:08:55,480 --> 00:08:56,549
No!
110
00:08:57,040 --> 00:08:58,359
What are you waiting for?
111
00:08:58,400 --> 00:08:59,719
Don't shoot! You'll kill Martin!
112
00:09:09,480 --> 00:09:12,552
It's crooked!
It's longer in back than in front!
113
00:09:12,600 --> 00:09:15,398
Like many American directors,
114
00:09:15,440 --> 00:09:17,590
he knew that pace is everything.
115
00:09:17,640 --> 00:09:23,351
And pace in Becker's films
is quick, crisp, and lean.
116
00:09:23,400 --> 00:09:27,632
It's a pace in tune
with the characters' feelings.
117
00:09:27,680 --> 00:09:29,511
It's not contrived.
118
00:09:30,280 --> 00:09:31,156
l hate you.
119
00:09:33,480 --> 00:09:34,515
What was that?
120
00:09:34,560 --> 00:09:36,551
l hate you! l hate you!
121
00:09:36,600 --> 00:09:37,999
You‘re vile.
122
00:09:39,080 --> 00:09:42,595
He assimilated American movies,
but he didn't copy them.
123
00:09:42,640 --> 00:09:43,993
Sorry, l didn't mean to.
124
00:09:44,800 --> 00:09:50,238
Most of his films have
a distinctly French flavor.
125
00:09:50,280 --> 00:09:53,431
They have great camembert here.
How do they manage?
126
00:09:53,480 --> 00:09:54,674
You like camembert?
127
00:09:55,760 --> 00:09:58,513
-l asked, you like camembert?
-To hell with camembert!
128
00:09:58,560 --> 00:10:01,757
He could highlight a detail
129
00:10:01,800 --> 00:10:04,837
to evoke the climate of a period
like no one else.
130
00:10:04,880 --> 00:10:06,313
Cauliflower!
131
00:10:07,720 --> 00:10:10,314
-It looks awful.
-Take it or leave it.
132
00:10:13,400 --> 00:10:14,799
There's only two kilograms.
133
00:10:15,640 --> 00:10:16,629
That'll do.
134
00:10:16,680 --> 00:10:19,478
All the characters
in Rendez-vous de juillet
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00:10:19,520 --> 00:10:23,354
seem bound
by the climate of the time,
136
00:10:23,400 --> 00:10:26,597
the changes perturbing society
137
00:10:26,640 --> 00:10:31,555
and the dreams seeming to emerge
in the postwar period.
138
00:10:34,240 --> 00:10:35,992
In Grisbi,
139
00:10:36,040 --> 00:10:39,919
the gangsters are nothing
like American gangsters.
140
00:10:39,960 --> 00:10:43,475
Some scenes would be unthinkable
141
00:10:43,520 --> 00:10:45,636
in an American film noir of the time.
142
00:10:52,280 --> 00:10:56,478
Here's a brush for your chops.
Toothpaste's on the sink.
143
00:10:56,520 --> 00:10:59,717
Another major difference
with American movies
144
00:10:59,760 --> 00:11:03,036
is Becker's distrust of plot.
145
00:11:03,080 --> 00:11:06,675
Even when he brilliantly melds
146
00:11:06,720 --> 00:11:10,030
the destiny of some 15 characters
in Goupi-Mains rouges,
147
00:11:10,080 --> 00:11:14,232
none of the characters
disappear behind the plot.
148
00:11:14,280 --> 00:11:16,794
They each have their own lives.
149
00:11:16,840 --> 00:11:18,512
What's so funny?
150
00:11:18,612 --> 00:11:21,260
151
00:11:21,360 --> 00:11:27,037
And when he interweaves
destinies and feelings,
152
00:11:27,080 --> 00:11:28,877
instead of complicating,
153
00:11:28,920 --> 00:11:31,354
he refines the plot.
154
00:11:31,400 --> 00:11:34,198
In Antoine and Antoinette,
the dramatic core
155
00:11:34,240 --> 00:11:36,037
is amazingly simple:
156
00:11:36,080 --> 00:11:39,755
Someone loses a lottery ticket.
He may or may not find it.
157
00:11:39,800 --> 00:11:41,711
That's the plot.
158
00:11:41,760 --> 00:11:45,435
It comes 30 minutes into the action.
159
00:12:06,480 --> 00:12:07,708
Can't find it?
160
00:12:14,320 --> 00:12:16,550
He tried to use very few events,
161
00:12:16,600 --> 00:12:19,433
giving them significance
by dissecting them.
162
00:12:19,480 --> 00:12:22,711
Always the idea
of dilation and dissection,
163
00:12:22,760 --> 00:12:25,877
of confronting difficulty
by breaking it down.
164
00:12:25,920 --> 00:12:27,399
Something difficult?
165
00:12:27,440 --> 00:12:30,989
He'd break it down
into gestures, gazes, words,
166
00:12:31,040 --> 00:12:32,758
and overcome the difficulty.
167
00:12:35,520 --> 00:12:39,399
In his comedies,
the plot is even more pared down.
168
00:12:39,440 --> 00:12:41,954
Edouard et Caroline
unfolds in a few hours,
169
00:12:42,400 --> 00:12:45,472
and revolves around
a dress being torn.
170
00:12:52,880 --> 00:12:57,237
Grisbi simplifies Simonin's novel.
171
00:12:58,000 --> 00:13:01,197
Becker merer follows his hero, Max.
172
00:13:01,240 --> 00:13:04,277
We see nothing but what Max sees.
173
00:13:04,320 --> 00:13:08,552
Becker insisted
on these very organic, simple plots.
174
00:13:08,640 --> 00:13:10,995
He didn't want to give the impression
175
00:13:11,040 --> 00:13:15,158
that the characters' behavior
was scripted,
176
00:13:15,200 --> 00:13:20,149
but that their beha vior
seemed to dictate the script.
177
00:13:20,200 --> 00:13:21,872
In that regard, he remains
178
00:13:21,920 --> 00:13:24,718
one of the most modern filmmakers
of his time.
179
00:13:26,640 --> 00:13:29,677
Florence, what a pleasure!
180
00:13:31,160 --> 00:13:32,036
Good evening.
181
00:13:32,080 --> 00:13:37,234
What strikes me in his films
is his empathy for his characters.
182
00:13:37,280 --> 00:13:42,957
There‘s an incredible blend
of warm familiarity and restraint.
183
00:13:45,320 --> 00:13:47,117
I'd rather you speak French.
184
00:13:47,160 --> 00:13:49,549
l don't understand your English.
185
00:13:49,640 --> 00:13:51,915
-Really?
-Not a word.
186
00:13:51,960 --> 00:13:54,997
Strange that Spencer
doesn't understand your English.
187
00:13:55,040 --> 00:13:57,634
l think you speak just fine.
188
00:13:57,680 --> 00:14:00,069
l learned it in college.
189
00:14:00,120 --> 00:14:01,394
Oxford, you know.
190
00:14:01,440 --> 00:14:06,389
That explains it. Oxford talk
has nothing to do with Chicago.
191
00:14:06,440 --> 00:14:08,954
Possibly, because in England
they get me just fine.
192
00:14:09,000 --> 00:14:10,069
Watching his movies,
193
00:14:10,640 --> 00:14:14,269
l thought of him
as "a friendly filmmaker,"
194
00:14:14,320 --> 00:14:18,029
while thinking l'd hesitate
to call him by his first name,
195
00:14:18,080 --> 00:14:21,356
intimidated by the sense
of propriety he exuded.
196
00:14:22,000 --> 00:14:25,151
To me, Becker is a director
who had common decency,
197
00:14:25,200 --> 00:14:27,873
that notion dear to George Orwell,
198
00:14:27,920 --> 00:14:33,472
which implies ordinary acts
of mutual aid and trust,
199
00:14:33,520 --> 00:14:36,353
minimal but basic social ties.
200
00:14:36,400 --> 00:14:37,719
A first-class ticket.
201
00:14:38,680 --> 00:14:40,796
Antoinette, going out tonight?
202
00:14:40,840 --> 00:14:43,479
No, I'm finishing my dress.
Lend me your sewing machine?
203
00:14:43,520 --> 00:14:45,078
-Sure.
-See you later.
204
00:14:45,120 --> 00:14:48,430
Not an ethic,
but a spontaneous sense
205
00:14:48,480 --> 00:14:51,517
of what should and shouldn't be done.
206
00:14:51,560 --> 00:14:53,391
Give me the box.
We'll share.
207
00:14:53,440 --> 00:14:54,668
Chow time.
208
00:14:57,680 --> 00:14:59,830
Funny how you rub your hands.
209
00:14:59,880 --> 00:15:04,237
l come from a family of clergy.
My uncle was a bishop.
210
00:15:05,000 --> 00:15:08,276
You don't say.
So that's why they call you Monsignor.
211
00:15:09,040 --> 00:15:10,996
-Do l dig in?
-Please do.
212
00:15:12,720 --> 00:15:14,790
-I'd do anything for you.
-Go away.
213
00:15:14,840 --> 00:15:15,909
Listen.
214
00:15:16,480 --> 00:15:18,391
You're all I think about,
215
00:15:18,440 --> 00:15:20,670
your eyes, your hair, your body...
216
00:15:20,720 --> 00:15:21,675
Let me go!
217
00:15:21,720 --> 00:15:23,711
I'd give you everything.
Come with me.
218
00:15:23,760 --> 00:15:27,799
The grocer, however, who probably
got rich on the black market
219
00:15:27,840 --> 00:15:30,149
played brilliantly by Noël Floquevert,
220
00:15:30,240 --> 00:15:33,994
is a good example
of common indecency,
221
00:15:35,800 --> 00:15:40,396
if only in the way he treats
the women who work for him.
222
00:15:40,440 --> 00:15:43,034
Mr. Roland, will you be long?
223
00:15:43,080 --> 00:15:44,513
Why?
224
00:15:44,560 --> 00:15:45,515
Do you care?
225
00:15:46,720 --> 00:15:48,597
If anyone calls, what do l say?
226
00:15:48,640 --> 00:15:51,871
If you care, stop by tonight.
It's been a month.
227
00:15:53,200 --> 00:15:55,634
You have a good job.
Don't lose it.
228
00:15:56,640 --> 00:15:58,596
An unusual remark for the period.
229
00:15:59,040 --> 00:16:03,033
French cinema at the time
was hardly known
230
00:16:03,080 --> 00:16:05,992
for its radical feminism. Becker...
231
00:16:06,040 --> 00:16:07,880
was one of those men who believed
232
00:16:07,920 --> 00:16:11,549
that women occupied
a major place in life,
233
00:16:11,600 --> 00:16:15,639
that he couldn't quite pinpoint,
234
00:16:15,680 --> 00:16:19,639
that wasn't easy to rationalize,
but that was very powerful.
235
00:16:19,680 --> 00:16:22,513
In talking about life,
you had to include women.
236
00:16:36,400 --> 00:16:37,833
Got a match?
237
00:16:38,960 --> 00:16:40,279
Who's that?
238
00:16:40,320 --> 00:16:42,231
l should ask you that.
239
00:16:42,280 --> 00:16:44,999
Look at the character
of Manda's fiancée,
240
00:16:45,040 --> 00:16:50,558
a character films usually sacrifice
and who here isn't belittled.
241
00:16:50,920 --> 00:16:53,559
Becker makes her really exist.
242
00:16:53,600 --> 00:16:55,477
-Marie.
-Cheers, buster.
243
00:16:55,520 --> 00:16:56,589
Whore!
244
00:16:58,240 --> 00:17:00,549
-What?
-You'd better go, Marie.
245
00:17:03,720 --> 00:17:05,790
l got one yesterday.
We're even.
246
00:17:05,840 --> 00:17:10,470
Becker manages to get in
very biting notations
247
00:17:10,520 --> 00:17:12,112
about women's roles,
248
00:17:12,160 --> 00:17:14,958
or very funn y remarks,
as in Rue de l'Estrapade,
249
00:17:15,000 --> 00:17:18,151
when Anne Vernon
makes fun of Louis Jourdan.
250
00:17:18,520 --> 00:17:21,353
Have you lost your mind?
You can't wear a woman's scarf!
251
00:17:22,200 --> 00:17:23,792
Why? Doesn't it suit me?
252
00:17:25,840 --> 00:17:29,071
Becker and Annette Wademant
reverse roles.
253
00:17:29,120 --> 00:17:30,997
I want you!
254
00:17:31,040 --> 00:17:33,474
-You're pretty, so pretty.
-Enough.
255
00:17:33,520 --> 00:17:36,512
You know you are,
you little scamp.
256
00:17:36,560 --> 00:17:37,390
Enough!
257
00:17:37,440 --> 00:17:40,193
The last aspect of Becker's movies,
258
00:17:40,240 --> 00:17:41,639
maybe the most important:
259
00:17:41,680 --> 00:17:44,148
He was the French director
260
00:17:44,200 --> 00:17:46,589
who made his characters
work the most.
261
00:17:46,640 --> 00:17:48,756
No one is idle in Becker's films.
262
00:17:48,800 --> 00:17:51,473
The peasants in Goupi-Mains rouges,
263
00:17:51,520 --> 00:17:52,794
the seamstresses in Falbalas...
264
00:17:52,840 --> 00:17:53,909
Three weeks!
265
00:17:53,960 --> 00:17:56,713
And the overtime!
l can see it coming.
266
00:17:57,600 --> 00:18:00,876
If you're not happy,
complain to the boss.
267
00:18:00,920 --> 00:18:01,750
Now get cracking.
268
00:18:01,800 --> 00:18:04,837
Jean-Paul Gaultier,
a guest at The Lumière Institute,
269
00:18:04,880 --> 00:18:08,839
told us he watched Falbalas again
every year,
270
00:18:09,400 --> 00:18:11,197
and every year it made him cry.
271
00:18:14,040 --> 00:18:17,589
It showed a world l didn't know,
the world of high fashion,
272
00:18:17,640 --> 00:18:19,756
and he did it in an exceptional way.
273
00:18:19,800 --> 00:18:22,155
When l went into that line
274
00:18:22,200 --> 00:18:24,760
thanks to the film,
because of the film,
275
00:18:24,800 --> 00:18:30,432
l realized just to what extent
the description was wildly accurate...
276
00:18:30,480 --> 00:18:33,995
just how real the details
and the characters were.
277
00:18:43,320 --> 00:18:44,548
Well...
278
00:18:45,040 --> 00:18:46,359
Hello, Raymond.
279
00:18:46,400 --> 00:18:49,198
So, it's work work, grind grind.
280
00:18:49,240 --> 00:18:50,309
As you see.
281
00:18:50,360 --> 00:18:52,749
Even the youths
In Rendez-vous de juillet
282
00:18:52,800 --> 00:18:55,633
are people who want to work.
283
00:18:55,680 --> 00:18:57,591
It's harder than you think.
284
00:18:58,760 --> 00:19:02,036
Given my budget,
285
00:19:02,080 --> 00:19:06,198
I can only give you a tiny,
virtually symbolic subsidy.
286
00:19:06,760 --> 00:19:09,035
-Do you see what I mean?
-Yes.
287
00:19:09,080 --> 00:19:11,992
Something like a blessing.
288
00:19:12,040 --> 00:19:14,031
That would help our cause.
289
00:19:14,600 --> 00:19:18,275
The most convincing example
is, of course, Le Trou.
290
00:19:18,320 --> 00:19:24,475
The entire film rests
on a group effort
291
00:19:24,520 --> 00:19:27,990
with those very long scenes
filmed in real time
292
00:19:28,040 --> 00:19:30,235
where you see people digging.
293
00:19:30,280 --> 00:19:32,635
Becker had much in common
with Bresson.
294
00:19:32,680 --> 00:19:35,990
There's a kinship
in their stylistic purity,
295
00:19:36,040 --> 00:19:38,270
in their formal refinement.
296
00:19:41,600 --> 00:19:44,876
Jacques Becker died
while finishing Le Trou.
297
00:19:44,920 --> 00:19:47,434
His death inspired
Jean-Pierre Melville
298
00:19:47,480 --> 00:19:49,914
to write a magnificent tribute.
299
00:19:50,000 --> 00:19:53,675
He was 52 when his mastery
and his maturity
300
00:19:53,720 --> 00:19:56,154
dictated that he make
a monumental film
301
00:19:56,200 --> 00:19:59,431
that would deal
with all the essential aspects of man:
302
00:19:59,480 --> 00:20:01,357
dignity, courage,
303
00:20:01,400 --> 00:20:03,789
fraternity, intellect,
304
00:20:03,840 --> 00:20:07,116
nobility, respect, and shame.
305
00:20:51,920 --> 00:20:55,629
A few years after the sanatorium,
again for my health,
306
00:20:55,680 --> 00:20:57,557
I was sent to boarding school.
307
00:20:57,600 --> 00:21:02,958
We could only go out on Sundays
if we had good marks.
308
00:21:03,000 --> 00:21:07,278
That's when I saw tons of movies
in neighborhood theaters
309
00:21:07,320 --> 00:21:08,958
that have all vanished.
310
00:21:09,000 --> 00:21:13,437
Studio Obligado,
the California, the Delta,
311
00:21:13,480 --> 00:21:15,038
the Florida,
312
00:21:16,120 --> 00:21:17,189
the Eldorado.
313
00:21:17,240 --> 00:21:20,073
When Quentin Tarantino heard
314
00:21:20,120 --> 00:21:23,157
that l watched movies
at the Far West,
315
00:21:23,200 --> 00:21:26,272
he said to me,
"That's incredible, Bertrand.
316
00:21:26,320 --> 00:21:28,788
You saw movies in a theater
called the Far West.
317
00:21:28,840 --> 00:21:31,957
That's so cool, Bertrand."
318
00:21:32,440 --> 00:21:36,638
As an example of the atmosphere
in those theaters then,
319
00:21:36,680 --> 00:21:40,673
at the Pathé Journal,
l saw a guy next to me
320
00:21:40,720 --> 00:21:43,996
open a can of peas, heat it up,
321
00:21:44,040 --> 00:21:45,268
and eat it.
322
00:21:48,600 --> 00:21:53,037
No one described
these local theaters better
323
00:21:53,080 --> 00:21:58,552
than Luc Moullet in a film
that's funny, inventive, and incisive:
324
00:21:58,600 --> 00:22:00,397
The seats of the Alcazar...
325
00:22:00,960 --> 00:22:03,349
With a good bath of oil,
326
00:22:03,400 --> 00:22:05,960
it works just fine.
327
00:22:06,720 --> 00:22:11,350
...in which he reproduces
screening conditions,
328
00:22:11,400 --> 00:22:16,110
the difficulty of getting a ticket
for a front row seat. ..
329
00:22:16,840 --> 00:22:20,116
This was my favorite seat.
330
00:22:20,160 --> 00:22:21,718
There was also Titanic.
331
00:22:28,200 --> 00:22:32,193
But also the petty disputes
332
00:22:33,360 --> 00:22:39,310
between rival clans of critics
from Cahiers du Cinéma and Positif.
333
00:22:39,720 --> 00:22:41,950
So you've gone cold on Cottafavi?
334
00:22:42,440 --> 00:22:45,557
-What do you mean?
-You walked out of A Free Woman.
335
00:22:45,600 --> 00:22:48,717
They showed mostly westerns
and American B movies
336
00:22:48,760 --> 00:22:50,830
released 10-15 years earlier,
337
00:22:50,880 --> 00:22:54,031
but also French films
from the '30 and '40s,
338
00:22:54,080 --> 00:22:57,356
Fernandel vehicles
like Un de la légion
339
00:22:57,400 --> 00:23:01,279
and the ghastly Ernest the Rebel.
340
00:23:01,760 --> 00:23:06,629
I didn't choose between old films
and new releases.
341
00:23:06,680 --> 00:23:08,989
And l didn't feel like a nostalgic.
342
00:23:11,440 --> 00:23:16,594
l discovered with great pleasure
Macao, l'enfer du jeu,
343
00:23:16,640 --> 00:23:20,394
a Sternbergian exotic adventure
344
00:23:20,440 --> 00:23:23,000
set against the Sino-Japanese war,
345
00:23:23,040 --> 00:23:26,271
brilliantly directed
by Jean Delannoy.
346
00:23:28,480 --> 00:23:31,790
SPEND YOUR HOLIDAYS IN JAPAN,
LAND OF THE RISING SUN
347
00:23:50,360 --> 00:23:52,396
Colorful adventurers
348
00:23:52,440 --> 00:23:55,876
wonderfully played
by Sessue Hayakawa
349
00:23:55,920 --> 00:23:56,989
and Erich von Stroheim
350
00:23:57,080 --> 00:24:02,029
feud and betray one another
over a load of weapons.
351
00:24:02,080 --> 00:24:05,595
l need 100 Mauser machine guns,
352
00:24:05,640 --> 00:24:07,232
Model 21,
353
00:24:07,280 --> 00:24:09,840
with a million cartridges,
354
00:24:09,880 --> 00:24:13,270
3,000 Mauser rifles,
355
00:24:13,320 --> 00:24:17,313
Model 21, .38 caliber.
356
00:24:17,360 --> 00:24:20,238
Also over the beautiful
Mireille Balin.
357
00:24:22,600 --> 00:24:27,469
Her scenes with a very subtle,
sometimes touching Stroheim,
358
00:24:27,520 --> 00:24:31,718
served by Roger Vitrac's
superb dialog, are memorable.
359
00:24:31,760 --> 00:24:35,389
I figured you didn't have time
to get your luggage.
360
00:24:35,440 --> 00:24:38,512
My 22 trunks are still at the hotel.
361
00:24:38,560 --> 00:24:40,994
What do you think of this dress?
362
00:24:41,040 --> 00:24:44,680
You've been cruising
on the Place Vendome.
363
00:24:44,720 --> 00:24:46,676
Among other places.
364
00:24:46,720 --> 00:24:48,597
It's a 42.
365
00:24:48,640 --> 00:24:50,278
Just my size.
366
00:24:51,320 --> 00:24:55,233
Her surprisingly natural,
uninhibited acting style
367
00:24:55,280 --> 00:24:56,838
is extremely modern.
368
00:24:59,840 --> 00:25:01,592
You're a couturier?
369
00:25:02,240 --> 00:25:05,437
No, just a collector.
370
00:25:06,760 --> 00:25:11,788
But the disenchanted,
disillusioned tone is also striking,
371
00:25:11,840 --> 00:25:16,789
and there's no real bad guy
or a Manichean plot,
372
00:25:16,840 --> 00:25:19,149
making the film totally amoral,
373
00:25:19,200 --> 00:25:22,192
which has enabled it to age well.
374
00:25:24,040 --> 00:25:26,679
About that check that bounced...
375
00:25:28,320 --> 00:25:30,436
Well, it's all settled now.
376
00:25:48,600 --> 00:25:53,276
Under the Occupation,
Delannoy had to get rid of Stroheim
377
00:25:53,320 --> 00:25:56,517
and re-shoot his scenes
with Pierre Renoir
378
00:25:56,560 --> 00:26:00,394
so that the Nazis
wouldn't destroy the film.
379
00:26:05,320 --> 00:26:10,519
One Sunday afternoon
l got my second movie shock
380
00:26:10,560 --> 00:26:12,232
with a French film.
381
00:26:12,280 --> 00:26:14,999
Jean Renoir's La grand illusion.
382
00:26:15,640 --> 00:26:17,915
l saw it in a theater
383
00:26:17,960 --> 00:26:22,351
on Faubourg Montmartre
called Le Club.
384
00:26:34,120 --> 00:26:36,839
l arrived in the middle of the film,
385
00:26:36,880 --> 00:26:41,032
in a scene that immediately
impressed me by its power
386
00:26:41,120 --> 00:26:42,394
and its emotion.
387
00:26:45,240 --> 00:26:49,074
Stop the show! Stop the show!
388
00:26:49,120 --> 00:26:50,633
Stop, fellas!
389
00:26:50,680 --> 00:26:53,752
We've retaken Douaumont.
It's in the German papers.
390
00:26:55,880 --> 00:26:57,279
The Marseillaise, please.
391
00:27:14,280 --> 00:27:17,636
You have to imagine a teenager
watching the scene,
392
00:27:17,680 --> 00:27:22,708
his head full of stories
of the Occupation, the Résistance,
393
00:27:22,760 --> 00:27:25,320
everything my father told me.
394
00:27:25,360 --> 00:27:28,750
Each shot, each moment
had such resonance,
395
00:27:28,800 --> 00:27:32,349
blending a past
that was still very present
396
00:27:32,400 --> 00:27:34,436
with a World War l story.
397
00:27:39,240 --> 00:27:40,992
When the film was over,
398
00:27:41,040 --> 00:27:43,508
l was totally stunned.
399
00:27:44,240 --> 00:27:47,676
I remained in the theater
to watch it again.
400
00:27:51,160 --> 00:27:53,435
Hey, Halphen!
Going to Epernay?
401
00:27:53,480 --> 00:27:56,358
That scene
often brings tears to my eyes.
402
00:27:56,400 --> 00:27:59,073
In that little moment, you sense
403
00:27:59,120 --> 00:28:01,918
that Renoir dredges up
tons of feelings:
404
00:28:01,960 --> 00:28:04,030
that the war was dragging on,
405
00:28:04,080 --> 00:28:06,719
that Gabin has been through a lot,
406
00:28:06,760 --> 00:28:09,672
that things weigh heavily on him.
407
00:28:09,720 --> 00:28:11,676
None of that is in the dialog.
408
00:28:11,720 --> 00:28:14,951
lt‘s alI conveyed in the way
the characters move,
409
00:28:15,000 --> 00:28:17,992
the choice of framing,
and the silences.
410
00:28:31,040 --> 00:28:33,508
I find this scene miraculous.
411
00:28:33,560 --> 00:28:35,790
LIQUOR KILLS!
LIQUOR DRIVES YOU MAD!
412
00:28:35,840 --> 00:28:37,478
THE CAPTAIN DRINKS IT!!
413
00:28:37,520 --> 00:28:42,071
I felt I was seeing
another type of cinema.
414
00:28:42,120 --> 00:28:46,272
There's something particularly French
about La grand illusion.
415
00:28:46,320 --> 00:28:48,880
l was on stage before the war,
416
00:28:48,920 --> 00:28:50,478
in vaudeville.
417
00:28:51,720 --> 00:28:55,156
-Ever see me?
-Theater's too deep for me.
418
00:28:55,200 --> 00:28:58,397
I prefer cycling.
You follow the Tour de France?
419
00:28:59,280 --> 00:29:04,434
You must've heard of Fabert, Lapize,
Garrigou, Troussellier...
420
00:29:04,480 --> 00:29:06,152
Yvan Ouder the Belgian.
421
00:29:06,200 --> 00:29:07,155
Sure.
422
00:29:08,240 --> 00:29:10,356
We can buy anything we like?
423
00:29:10,400 --> 00:29:12,550
Sure, through the PX.
424
00:29:12,600 --> 00:29:16,957
So l very quickly caught up
on all of Renoir's films.
425
00:29:17,000 --> 00:29:19,992
Few endings move me as much
426
00:29:20,040 --> 00:29:22,315
as the end of A Day in the Country.
427
00:29:36,600 --> 00:29:38,113
l come here often.
428
00:29:38,640 --> 00:29:41,837
l have my best memories here.
429
00:29:41,880 --> 00:29:45,634
l think about it every night.
430
00:29:57,720 --> 00:29:58,869
Henriette!
431
00:30:12,320 --> 00:30:14,390
La Marseillaise is a masterpiece,
432
00:30:14,440 --> 00:30:17,352
even if the subject is bowdlerized.
433
00:30:17,400 --> 00:30:20,995
It's one of the first epics
to dramatize
434
00:30:21,040 --> 00:30:23,873
anonymous figures, ordinary people.
435
00:30:24,400 --> 00:30:28,279
l wanted to treat this great moment
436
00:30:28,320 --> 00:30:30,197
in a spirit of intimacy.
437
00:30:31,160 --> 00:30:34,232
l tried to imagine
438
00:30:34,280 --> 00:30:38,910
l was witness to real,
contemporary events,
439
00:30:38,960 --> 00:30:41,713
and that my camera was concealed,
440
00:30:41,760 --> 00:30:46,390
capturing the little aspects
of these great moments.
441
00:30:46,440 --> 00:30:48,396
-ls your crow done?
-No.
442
00:30:50,040 --> 00:30:52,952
It's as dry as an old man
without breeches.
443
00:30:53,600 --> 00:30:54,715
It's an old crow.
444
00:30:54,760 --> 00:30:58,389
Lucky we found it. With only
Mr. de Lafayette's provisions...
445
00:30:58,440 --> 00:31:02,035
Down with aristocrats.
We starve, they betray the homeland.
446
00:31:02,080 --> 00:31:03,911
And De Rochambeau?
447
00:31:03,960 --> 00:31:06,838
You don't know De Rochambeau?
448
00:31:08,040 --> 00:31:11,430
The General?
l haven't had the honor.
449
00:31:11,480 --> 00:31:14,313
l know Marat.
l talked to him once in Rouen.
450
00:31:15,720 --> 00:31:17,836
There's a grounding,
451
00:31:17,880 --> 00:31:21,589
a strength, a lyricism,
and openness of mind.
452
00:31:21,640 --> 00:31:26,953
The portrait of the royal family
is simply extraordinary.
453
00:31:30,440 --> 00:31:34,991
Certain actors, technicians,
and directors
454
00:31:35,080 --> 00:31:38,550
believe that Renoir
was no technician.
455
00:31:38,600 --> 00:31:42,354
He didn't act
like an ordinary filmmaker.
456
00:31:42,400 --> 00:31:44,118
What a lot of leaves.
457
00:31:45,960 --> 00:31:48,155
They're falling early this year.
458
00:31:48,200 --> 00:31:51,510
Not a technician, and yet...
459
00:31:51,560 --> 00:31:55,030
Let's look for instance
at Rules of the Game.
460
00:31:55,080 --> 00:31:57,071
Sorry l shot that pheasant.
461
00:31:57,120 --> 00:31:58,553
l thought it was mine.
462
00:31:58,600 --> 00:32:01,353
Often Renoir's camera movements
463
00:32:01,440 --> 00:32:04,113
aren't there to accelerate the action.
464
00:32:04,160 --> 00:32:08,711
They're used to link the background
465
00:32:08,760 --> 00:32:10,990
with what's about to happen
in the foreground.
466
00:32:13,960 --> 00:32:17,236
These movements bring together
467
00:32:17,280 --> 00:32:21,478
what's going on in the background
and the foreground.
468
00:32:21,520 --> 00:32:25,991
They're very subtle,
sometimes lyrical variations
469
00:32:26,040 --> 00:32:28,315
on depth of focus.
470
00:32:32,760 --> 00:32:34,079
Lateral movements
471
00:32:34,120 --> 00:32:37,874
combine with perpendicular
movements of the characters
472
00:32:37,920 --> 00:32:41,754
who come from the back
and approach the camera.
473
00:32:41,800 --> 00:32:44,678
Like Carette in Rules of the Game.
474
00:32:44,720 --> 00:32:47,678
The shot begins on Carette.
475
00:32:47,720 --> 00:32:51,315
As he walks fonlvard,
the camera follows him laterally...
476
00:32:53,120 --> 00:32:54,269
Marceau!
477
00:32:54,320 --> 00:32:58,154
...to another character
who brings us back to Carette.
478
00:32:58,200 --> 00:33:01,078
Hello, Schumacher.
How are you?
479
00:33:02,840 --> 00:33:04,273
Want my rabbit?
480
00:33:05,000 --> 00:33:06,399
Right, Schumacher?
481
00:33:06,440 --> 00:33:09,034
l don't know. I just got here.
482
00:33:09,080 --> 00:33:14,359
Watch how the camera
follows a character in a wide shot,
483
00:33:14,400 --> 00:33:17,790
loses him to focus on another,
484
00:33:17,840 --> 00:33:21,355
then switches from a long shot
to a medium shot
485
00:33:21,400 --> 00:33:24,119
without resorting
to a reverse angle shot.
486
00:33:24,160 --> 00:33:26,440
La Chesnaye may be a yid,
487
00:33:26,480 --> 00:33:29,552
but he chewed me out recently
over a potato salad.
488
00:33:29,600 --> 00:33:33,479
You know, or maybe you don't,
that for a salad to be any good,
489
00:33:33,520 --> 00:33:38,196
you pour white wine on the potatoes
when they're boiling hot.
490
00:33:38,240 --> 00:33:41,232
But Celestin was afraid
of burning his fingers.
491
00:33:41,280 --> 00:33:44,875
Well, the boss sensed right off
that he hadn't done it.
492
00:33:44,960 --> 00:33:48,350
Say what you like,
but l call that a true gentleman.
493
00:33:48,400 --> 00:33:50,834
Renoir had this stroke of genius,
494
00:33:50,880 --> 00:33:54,793
adding people throughout the scene,
probably upstairs,
495
00:33:54,840 --> 00:33:56,353
who are practicing piano.
496
00:33:58,840 --> 00:34:00,831
I'm the new valet.
497
00:34:00,880 --> 00:34:02,598
The Marquis must have
mentioned me.
498
00:34:02,640 --> 00:34:07,953
-What can you do, my good man?
-l don't know. A bit of everything.
499
00:34:08,000 --> 00:34:09,831
Do you shine boots?
500
00:34:09,880 --> 00:34:15,079
When it comes to grooming,
I'm what you call a specialist.
501
00:34:15,120 --> 00:34:18,669
Tomorrow morning, collect the boots
outside the guest rooms.
502
00:34:19,160 --> 00:34:22,436
He's a decent fellow.
A very decent fellow.
503
00:34:22,480 --> 00:34:24,596
l get the feeling Renoir's dolly shots
504
00:34:24,640 --> 00:34:27,757
were a reaction
against his father's attempt
505
00:34:27,800 --> 00:34:30,360
to abolish depth of field.
506
00:34:30,400 --> 00:34:32,709
He admired his father deeply,
507
00:34:32,760 --> 00:34:36,514
but wanted to find a visual approach
that didn't copy him.
508
00:34:36,560 --> 00:34:39,313
A way of staking out his territory.
509
00:34:39,360 --> 00:34:40,395
Delighted.
510
00:34:41,080 --> 00:34:43,548
And honored to have you.
You know everyone.
511
00:34:43,600 --> 00:34:45,079
My dear Jurieux.
512
00:34:45,120 --> 00:34:47,793
It's enough to watch the fluidity
513
00:34:47,840 --> 00:34:51,469
with which Renoir blocks out
group scenes -
514
00:34:51,520 --> 00:34:53,317
meals, meetings -
515
00:34:53,360 --> 00:34:55,635
the way characters
cut each other off,
516
00:34:55,680 --> 00:34:57,796
how the dialog overlaps,
517
00:34:57,840 --> 00:35:01,719
to demolish the criticisms
about his technical ability.
518
00:35:01,760 --> 00:35:04,354
Let me kiss you.
I'm so glad to see you here.
519
00:35:04,400 --> 00:35:06,356
André, may l kiss you, too?
520
00:35:06,400 --> 00:35:08,277
And me, and me?
521
00:35:08,320 --> 00:35:09,673
And me?
522
00:35:09,720 --> 00:35:11,870
l think I'm entitled to.
523
00:35:12,920 --> 00:35:15,388
-Does he play belote?
-Sure he does.
524
00:35:15,440 --> 00:35:16,509
Let's ask him.
525
00:35:39,080 --> 00:35:40,798
A nice wedding isn't bad.
526
00:35:40,840 --> 00:35:42,910
Almost as good as a nice funeral.
527
00:35:59,040 --> 00:36:00,917
That's a good one.
528
00:36:00,960 --> 00:36:03,030
Old Legrand, ever on the bail!
529
00:36:03,080 --> 00:36:04,638
What do you think?
530
00:36:04,680 --> 00:36:06,875
Very, very good cover.
531
00:36:07,320 --> 00:36:11,632
But why all the stuff
about pharmaceutical products?
532
00:36:11,680 --> 00:36:15,639
It's amusing to note
that Jean Renoir and Jacques Prévert
533
00:36:15,680 --> 00:36:21,630
were the first to criticize
the intrusion of ads in a work of art.
534
00:36:21,680 --> 00:36:24,319
"Arizona Jim
put his revolver on the table,
535
00:36:24,360 --> 00:36:28,239
took a small round box out
of his pocket and opened it saying:
536
00:36:28,280 --> 00:36:31,670
With Ranimax pills, be bold,
be bold, and evermore bold."
537
00:36:31,720 --> 00:36:33,551
-That's disgusting.
-As you say.
538
00:36:33,600 --> 00:36:35,795
l never wrote that! Pathetic.
539
00:36:35,880 --> 00:36:39,555
l published Arizona Jim
solely as a favor to you.
540
00:36:39,600 --> 00:36:43,070
-l know that.
-But all that costs money.
541
00:36:43,120 --> 00:36:46,112
Usually, authors help us out a bit.
542
00:36:46,160 --> 00:36:47,957
That's not the case with you.
543
00:36:48,000 --> 00:36:49,831
That's why we add
a little advertising.
544
00:36:49,880 --> 00:36:51,279
A little.
545
00:36:51,320 --> 00:36:54,278
There's some on page three.
On page nine.
546
00:36:54,320 --> 00:36:56,959
-And on the last page.
-We do what it takes.
547
00:36:57,000 --> 00:36:59,468
Money is money.
There's no way around it.
548
00:37:00,320 --> 00:37:03,073
You're an artist.
549
00:37:03,120 --> 00:37:05,554
You're a dreamer.
550
00:37:05,600 --> 00:37:10,754
When Renoir came up
against an unexpected difficulty,
551
00:37:10,800 --> 00:37:13,314
he'd disappear,
552
00:37:13,360 --> 00:37:15,828
leaving his crew to work it out.
553
00:37:15,920 --> 00:37:19,037
So you want to stay with him?
You just can't.
554
00:37:19,880 --> 00:37:21,996
l sacrificed everything for you.
555
00:37:22,040 --> 00:37:25,032
Come on, Lucienne,
l want you to know...
556
00:37:25,080 --> 00:37:27,958
If you only knew,
you might understand.
557
00:37:28,000 --> 00:37:30,150
La Chienne, for instance,
558
00:37:30,200 --> 00:37:33,272
was mostly edited by Paul Fejos.
559
00:37:36,120 --> 00:37:40,557
Renoir was at a loss
before the material he'd filmed
560
00:37:40,600 --> 00:37:43,558
and Fejos managed to structure it
561
00:37:43,600 --> 00:37:45,989
and give it a logical flow.
562
00:37:46,040 --> 00:37:49,555
Marguerite Renoir took over
for subsequent films
563
00:37:49,600 --> 00:37:52,398
and played a considerable role.
564
00:37:54,000 --> 00:37:55,991
Don't laugh, Lucienne.
565
00:37:56,040 --> 00:37:57,758
Don't laugh like that.
566
00:37:59,160 --> 00:38:01,355
Don't laugh like that, Lucienne.
567
00:38:01,400 --> 00:38:03,436
Don't laugh like that, Lucienne!
568
00:38:03,880 --> 00:38:06,075
Don't laugh like that, Lucienne!
569
00:38:06,120 --> 00:38:09,829
Jean Gabin and I talked about Renoir
at length one afternoon.
570
00:38:09,880 --> 00:38:13,589
l spent five, six hours with Gabin,
571
00:38:13,640 --> 00:38:16,791
who said to me,
"Tavernier, let me tell you:
572
00:38:16,840 --> 00:38:20,833
I learned my craft
with Renoir and Duvivier.
573
00:38:20,880 --> 00:38:24,509
Renoir taught me everything
about acting,
574
00:38:24,560 --> 00:38:29,634
how to act,
how to modulate one's performance,
575
00:38:29,680 --> 00:38:33,912
how to hold back,
or, on the contrary, let oneself go.
576
00:38:33,960 --> 00:38:38,556
Duvivier taught me everything
about playing to the camera.
577
00:38:38,920 --> 00:38:41,275
When shooting La bête humaine,
in the cab,
578
00:38:41,320 --> 00:38:45,438
cameraman Curt Courant
said to me, "Mr. Gabin,
579
00:38:45,480 --> 00:38:47,755
I want you to move over there,
580
00:38:47,800 --> 00:38:51,190
because for the frame,
the lighting will be nicer."
581
00:38:51,240 --> 00:38:54,835
Gabin said, "That's one of the few
times l saw him get angry."
582
00:38:54,880 --> 00:38:57,474
He started hollering,
583
00:38:58,160 --> 00:38:59,991
shouting angrily,
584
00:39:00,040 --> 00:39:04,318
"Mr. Courant,
don't talk to Mr. Gabin like that.
585
00:39:04,360 --> 00:39:07,318
Mr. Gabin wants to stand there.
586
00:39:07,360 --> 00:39:11,273
It's up to you to adapt the light
to Mr. Gabin,
587
00:39:11,320 --> 00:39:14,551
Mr. Gabin is not at your service.
588
00:39:14,600 --> 00:39:20,596
And stop badgering the actors
with your UFA lighting."
589
00:39:20,640 --> 00:39:23,279
That's the story Gabin told,
590
00:39:23,320 --> 00:39:27,108
and he added,
"Few people back then
591
00:39:27,160 --> 00:39:30,118
dared defy the cameraman's tyranny.
592
00:39:30,160 --> 00:39:32,993
It gave the actors...
593
00:39:33,040 --> 00:39:36,430
It gave the actors great freedom.
594
00:39:36,480 --> 00:39:38,914
We felt comfortable with him."
595
00:39:39,520 --> 00:39:41,795
You sense that in La bête humaine,
596
00:39:41,840 --> 00:39:44,991
in one of the finest scenes
in French cinema.
597
00:39:45,040 --> 00:39:46,473
What's in your basket?
598
00:39:46,520 --> 00:39:48,988
A can of sardines and cassoulet.
Want some?
599
00:39:49,040 --> 00:39:51,554
No, canned food ruins the stomach.
600
00:39:51,600 --> 00:39:53,955
Get married, old buddy.
Get married.
601
00:39:54,000 --> 00:39:57,037
I'm already married to Lison.
That's enough.
602
00:39:57,080 --> 00:40:02,279
So now we're married
to a locomotive!
603
00:40:02,320 --> 00:40:03,992
Goodbye, fellows.
604
00:40:05,000 --> 00:40:07,560
Say, Gramps,
we had a swell train today.
605
00:40:07,600 --> 00:40:08,874
Wind at our backs.
606
00:40:08,920 --> 00:40:11,798
We saved on coal.
Good for us.
607
00:40:11,840 --> 00:40:13,990
That burned gearbox worries you.
608
00:40:14,040 --> 00:40:16,190
Only because we're here.
609
00:40:17,080 --> 00:40:21,471
If we were at the Batignolles depot,
I know all the guys in the shop.
610
00:40:21,520 --> 00:40:23,431
They do good work here.
611
00:40:23,480 --> 00:40:24,469
Well, yeah.
612
00:40:26,680 --> 00:40:31,151
l got to work with Renoir
on the revival of La bête humaine.
613
00:40:31,240 --> 00:40:33,959
We spent two, three weeks together.
614
00:40:34,000 --> 00:40:36,309
He spoke movingly
about Simone Simon
615
00:40:36,360 --> 00:40:40,239
and dialogue attributed to him
that were actually Zola's.
616
00:40:40,280 --> 00:40:44,512
He added, "Zola's a better dialogist
than people think,
617
00:40:44,560 --> 00:40:47,916
and l stole a number of his lines.”
618
00:40:48,600 --> 00:40:50,238
Let go of my hands.
619
00:40:51,240 --> 00:40:54,471
Don't look at me like that.
You'll wear your eyes out.
620
00:40:54,520 --> 00:41:01,073
He was an incredibly warm person,
always ready with a laugh,
621
00:41:01,120 --> 00:41:04,032
who you were inclined to believe
even when it turned out
622
00:41:04,080 --> 00:41:07,550
he was giving you nonsense.
623
00:41:09,040 --> 00:41:11,838
I think he so wanted to charm
624
00:41:11,880 --> 00:41:14,952
and not disappoint the person
he was talking to.
625
00:41:15,000 --> 00:41:19,516
Much of what he told
Truffaut and Rivette
626
00:41:19,560 --> 00:41:21,755
turns out to be highly debatable.
627
00:41:21,800 --> 00:41:26,430
No, Renoir didn't hate the studio.
That's totally untrue.
628
00:41:26,480 --> 00:41:29,597
Many of his scenes,
including some of the best,
629
00:41:29,640 --> 00:41:31,596
were shot in the studio.
630
00:41:31,640 --> 00:41:36,156
In Rules of the Game,
everyone is saying good night.
631
00:41:36,200 --> 00:41:37,997
Given the facilities back then,
632
00:41:38,040 --> 00:41:41,271
the scene could only be shot
in the studio.
633
00:41:41,320 --> 00:41:42,719
Good night.
634
00:41:44,240 --> 00:41:45,992
Good night, old boy.
635
00:41:46,040 --> 00:41:47,075
Pleased?
636
00:41:51,640 --> 00:41:53,312
Good night, La Chesnaye.
637
00:41:53,720 --> 00:41:57,599
There once was a little boat
There once was a little boat
638
00:41:57,699 --> 00:42:01,660
639
00:42:01,760 --> 00:42:04,513
Renoir used to claim
that the "Little Boat" scene
640
00:42:04,560 --> 00:42:05,993
was improvised.
641
00:42:06,040 --> 00:42:08,998
But Pascal Mérigeau's biography says
642
00:42:09,040 --> 00:42:12,476
it was in the first version
of the script, word for word.
643
00:42:20,800 --> 00:42:23,155
Lovely as ever, Valentine.
644
00:42:23,200 --> 00:42:24,997
You should never fear revenants.
645
00:42:25,040 --> 00:42:28,077
Look at
Le Crime de Monsieur Lange.
646
00:42:28,120 --> 00:42:31,999
It's absurd to think such a shot
was conceived that morning,
647
00:42:32,040 --> 00:42:35,271
given the heavy equipment,
the cameras,
648
00:42:35,320 --> 00:42:41,156
the way such a scene had to be lit
with indoor sets and outdoor sets.
649
00:42:41,200 --> 00:42:45,591
It had to have taken two or three days
of preparation and fine tuning.
650
00:42:46,880 --> 00:42:50,634
The camera frames René Lefêvre
on the first floor.
651
00:42:50,680 --> 00:42:53,069
We see him move from room to room.
652
00:42:53,120 --> 00:42:55,190
The camera leaves him
653
00:42:55,240 --> 00:42:58,789
and frames him again coming down,
out into the yard.
654
00:42:59,400 --> 00:43:03,871
And there,
contrary to what's often been written,
655
00:43:03,920 --> 00:43:05,797
there's another shot.
656
00:43:05,840 --> 00:43:10,356
l still read that this scene was done
in one long take.
657
00:43:10,440 --> 00:43:16,595
But there‘s a continuity cut
from a long shot to a medium shot.
658
00:43:16,640 --> 00:43:21,270
The whole shot is described in detail
in the first draft
659
00:43:21,320 --> 00:43:24,596
which was called "On the Courtyard. ”
660
00:43:24,640 --> 00:43:26,039
It was all thought out.
661
00:43:26,080 --> 00:43:29,072
From the writing stage,
Renoir fully intended
662
00:43:29,120 --> 00:43:33,238
to treat a moment like that
in a single shot
663
00:43:33,280 --> 00:43:35,635
or make it look like one.
664
00:43:35,680 --> 00:43:37,875
It's another trick.
665
00:43:40,320 --> 00:43:41,469
Is he dead?
666
00:43:44,040 --> 00:43:45,439
It was so easy.
667
00:43:46,960 --> 00:43:48,552
We can't stay here.
668
00:43:48,600 --> 00:43:53,993
It also fits in with the idea
that I keep trying to perfect:
669
00:43:54,040 --> 00:43:55,792
not to cut scenes
670
00:43:55,840 --> 00:43:58,991
and let the actors
follow their own course.
671
00:43:59,040 --> 00:44:02,350
I tried it with incredibly
complicated movements.
672
00:44:02,400 --> 00:44:05,631
Bachelet and the camera crew
had a tough time.
673
00:44:05,680 --> 00:44:11,073
It was like snakes were twisted
around the camera tripod.
674
00:44:11,120 --> 00:44:13,509
The camera went in all directions,
675
00:44:13,560 --> 00:44:17,155
going to the actors,
following them up and down.
676
00:44:17,200 --> 00:44:20,988
The very cramped sets
made it all the more difficult.
677
00:44:21,040 --> 00:44:25,909
The sets were in normal dimensions,
built around a courtyard.
678
00:44:25,960 --> 00:44:30,670
Son, say what you like,
but work is something.
679
00:44:30,720 --> 00:44:32,233
Enough. How much you want?
680
00:44:32,280 --> 00:44:33,679
How much?
681
00:44:33,720 --> 00:44:37,349
I want it all, angel. It's all mine.
682
00:44:38,000 --> 00:44:42,118
You sold the rights of Arizona Jim
for 200,000 francs. They're mine.
683
00:44:42,200 --> 00:44:44,953
You forced a signature out of me.
684
00:44:45,000 --> 00:44:47,309
That wouldn't stand up in court.
685
00:44:48,920 --> 00:44:50,592
-And the complaints?
-What complaints?
686
00:44:50,640 --> 00:44:53,438
And Meunier's debt?
You'll be arrested if you reappear.
687
00:44:53,480 --> 00:44:57,473
Sure, I know that.
But they'll release me soon enough.
688
00:44:57,520 --> 00:44:59,875
I'll get my money back.
689
00:45:01,040 --> 00:45:03,873
With his cleverness and intuition,
690
00:45:03,920 --> 00:45:07,151
he managed to create
an impression of naturalness,
691
00:45:07,200 --> 00:45:09,873
and an astounding
sense of improvisation,
692
00:45:09,920 --> 00:45:12,514
as if the camera
just happened to be there
693
00:45:12,560 --> 00:45:18,032
transcending a screenplay that was
often followed almost to the letter.
694
00:45:18,080 --> 00:45:20,116
We're going to publish Javert.
695
00:45:20,160 --> 00:45:21,912
It will be sensational.
696
00:45:21,960 --> 00:45:25,714
But you can't.
There's the staff, the cooperative.
697
00:45:25,760 --> 00:45:28,479
Think you can make me cry
over the furniture?
698
00:45:28,520 --> 00:45:31,478
The staff, the cooperative...
I don't give a damn!
699
00:45:31,520 --> 00:45:37,038
He liked to please
and he was drawn to success.
700
00:45:37,080 --> 00:45:41,870
He went with the Popular Front
because it was headed for success.
701
00:45:41,920 --> 00:45:45,071
He went with the Communist Party
because it had men
702
00:45:45,120 --> 00:45:48,192
who were undeniably physically
703
00:45:49,240 --> 00:45:54,075
and humanly strong, leaders.
704
00:45:54,120 --> 00:45:58,272
The impulse that thrust him
toward force,
705
00:45:58,880 --> 00:46:01,997
and I do mean force,
carried him very far.
706
00:46:02,040 --> 00:46:03,632
In that regard he became
707
00:46:03,680 --> 00:46:08,037
the lay godfather
of the Party leader's son.
708
00:46:08,080 --> 00:46:10,878
It is a matter of regret
709
00:46:10,920 --> 00:46:14,356
that this extraordinary director
710
00:46:14,400 --> 00:46:20,430
nevertheless penned
one or two despicable letters
711
00:46:20,480 --> 00:46:22,038
in 1940,
712
00:46:22,080 --> 00:46:27,518
addressed to a Vichy minister.
713
00:46:27,560 --> 00:46:30,916
That scum is still at it. I don't see
how we can eliminate them.
714
00:46:30,960 --> 00:46:32,837
The only way to make a decent film
715
00:46:32,880 --> 00:46:35,110
is to find a backer
who's not one of them.
716
00:46:35,160 --> 00:46:37,958
Even then, we still must deal
with those undesirables for a studio.
717
00:46:38,000 --> 00:46:43,996
Renoir, the man who directed
Monsieur Lange, with Prévert.
718
00:46:45,680 --> 00:46:48,592
What I'm telling you
took place in '40.
719
00:46:49,920 --> 00:46:53,629
Pierre Renoir told me,
"Jean worries me.
720
00:46:53,680 --> 00:46:57,639
I'm afraid he'll rush
into the arms of the Germans."
721
00:46:58,120 --> 00:47:00,111
-He said that?
-Yes. And...
722
00:47:00,160 --> 00:47:03,072
-In late 1940?
-In 1940.
723
00:47:03,120 --> 00:47:07,079
At the start of the Occupation,
when everything was so confused.
724
00:47:07,120 --> 00:47:09,918
-You were in Paris?
-Yes.
725
00:47:09,960 --> 00:47:12,110
I came back to Paris fast.
726
00:47:12,160 --> 00:47:13,991
I came back in September.
727
00:47:14,040 --> 00:47:19,876
I ran into Pierre in November
and he told me that.
728
00:47:19,920 --> 00:47:22,354
And luckily,
729
00:47:23,280 --> 00:47:25,999
some time after, Pierre,
730
00:47:26,040 --> 00:47:29,112
with whom I'd stayed in contact,
told me,
731
00:47:29,200 --> 00:47:30,713
“Everything's fine,
732
00:47:30,760 --> 00:47:32,239
he's leaving for America."
733
00:47:33,640 --> 00:47:38,555
Here again, I want to recount
what Gabin told me:
734
00:47:39,120 --> 00:47:42,317
"Renoir called a meeting in 1940
735
00:47:43,440 --> 00:47:44,998
at the Negresco."
736
00:47:45,520 --> 00:47:48,080
He added, turning to Darrieux,
737
00:47:48,120 --> 00:47:49,792
"Remember, Danielle?
You were there.
738
00:47:50,720 --> 00:47:53,473
He brought us together
and said, "Folks,
739
00:47:55,120 --> 00:47:59,079
I'm off to the US to convince them
740
00:47:59,120 --> 00:48:02,237
that Marshal Pétain's regime
is a good idea."
741
00:48:02,640 --> 00:48:06,189
And Gabin said to me,
"It floored me.
742
00:48:06,240 --> 00:48:09,789
I was a child of the Popular Front."
743
00:48:09,840 --> 00:48:13,435
He added, "Renoir, as a director:
744
00:48:13,480 --> 00:48:14,879
a genius.
745
00:48:15,440 --> 00:48:18,159
As a person: a whore."
746
00:48:18,200 --> 00:48:20,953
That was Gabin's opinion.
747
00:48:21,000 --> 00:48:24,879
He also said,
"One thing I can't forgive him for,
748
00:48:24,920 --> 00:48:27,639
when you're the son
of Auguste Renoir,
749
00:48:27,680 --> 00:48:30,797
you don't take American citizenship."
750
00:48:37,960 --> 00:48:39,518
Hey, you, there.
751
00:48:39,560 --> 00:48:40,879
Papers, please.
752
00:48:53,560 --> 00:48:57,235
-This your first job in France?
-No, I've been here before.
753
00:48:57,280 --> 00:48:58,554
Okay, go on.
754
00:49:14,680 --> 00:49:17,831
Remember what Charles Spaak
said about him,
755
00:49:19,040 --> 00:49:24,239
"Renoir has such enthusiasm
that he can meet an Italian fascist,
756
00:49:24,280 --> 00:49:27,989
and if he's well dressed,
wearing fine leather,
757
00:49:28,040 --> 00:49:30,759
suddenly he'll embrace his cause
758
00:49:30,800 --> 00:49:34,759
without even realizing
that fascism and the Marxism
759
00:49:34,800 --> 00:49:39,954
he'd professed moments earlier
were incompatible.
760
00:49:41,320 --> 00:49:43,993
"And finally," said Spaak,
761
00:49:44,040 --> 00:49:47,999
you'd forgive Renoir anything."
762
00:49:54,200 --> 00:49:57,909
One of the best ways to forget
these regrettable flaws
763
00:49:57,960 --> 00:50:02,238
is to watch the films he made
after returning to France,
764
00:50:02,280 --> 00:50:05,795
in particular the dizzying
final number in French cancan.
765
00:50:37,480 --> 00:50:39,630
Spotlight on
766
00:50:44,080 --> 00:50:48,119
There was the prewar period
and the postwar period.
767
00:50:49,400 --> 00:50:53,313
Before the war, yes,
I made some good films.
768
00:50:54,520 --> 00:50:57,432
Gabin was the first actor
769
00:50:57,480 --> 00:51:02,349
to lend a sort of tragic substance
770
00:51:02,400 --> 00:51:06,393
to the notion of a people's hero
and a working class hero.
771
00:51:08,080 --> 00:51:10,674
What do you expect?
I slog all day long.
772
00:51:11,120 --> 00:51:13,588
When you slog,
nights are for sleeping.
773
00:51:14,120 --> 00:51:16,953
It's as if Gabin was my passport
774
00:51:17,000 --> 00:51:21,152
to understanding the spirit
of the Popular Front.
775
00:51:21,200 --> 00:51:24,749
You know what?
Basically, we all want the same thing.
776
00:51:24,800 --> 00:51:27,997
To be free.
Free, in a little place of our own.
777
00:51:28,040 --> 00:51:30,270
None us can get that on his own.
778
00:51:30,320 --> 00:51:33,073
Think you'll get far
on your 20,000 francs?
779
00:51:33,120 --> 00:51:35,031
But if we stick together...
780
00:51:35,080 --> 00:51:39,949
He's totally linked
to Renoir, Duvivier; Grémillon,
781
00:51:40,000 --> 00:51:42,195
Prévert, and Spaak.
782
00:51:42,240 --> 00:51:45,755
He's totally linked
to a number of filmmakers
783
00:51:45,800 --> 00:51:50,555
who imposed characters at the time
that were unusual.
784
00:51:51,240 --> 00:51:53,356
A deserter in Port of Shadows
785
00:51:53,400 --> 00:51:56,870
wasn't the sort of character
you met in many films.
786
00:51:56,920 --> 00:51:58,592
Shooting seems easy.
787
00:51:59,760 --> 00:52:01,113
Like at the fairground.
788
00:52:01,880 --> 00:52:03,472
At the shooting gallery,
789
00:52:05,160 --> 00:52:06,752
you shoot,
790
00:52:08,200 --> 00:52:09,918
the guy lets out a shout,
791
00:52:10,840 --> 00:52:14,753
puts his hands on his belly
and makes a little face,
792
00:52:14,800 --> 00:52:17,314
like a kid who's eaten too much.
793
00:52:17,360 --> 00:52:19,078
Then his hands turn red.
794
00:52:19,800 --> 00:52:21,028
Then he falls.
795
00:52:22,200 --> 00:52:26,193
And you're there all alone,
kind of bewildered.
796
00:52:27,080 --> 00:52:31,631
There's a natural acceptance
of obstacles to overcome,
797
00:52:31,680 --> 00:52:33,193
and tasks to accomplish
798
00:52:33,240 --> 00:52:37,199
that Gabin handles marvelously.
799
00:52:37,800 --> 00:52:40,109
Are they taking the goddamn towline
or not?
800
00:52:40,160 --> 00:52:43,038
They couldn't shut up earlier.
Now, not a squawk!
801
00:52:43,080 --> 00:52:45,469
What a mess, for chrissake.
802
00:52:47,520 --> 00:52:50,318
The lifeboat!
Look, the lifeboat, Captain!
803
00:52:50,360 --> 00:52:53,079
They're nuts, lowering a lifeboat
in weather like this!
804
00:52:58,200 --> 00:53:01,954
Say, flowers. That's nice.
Are they for my name day?
805
00:53:02,000 --> 00:53:04,719
Is your name François?
806
00:53:04,760 --> 00:53:07,228
Gabin has been much maligned.
807
00:53:07,280 --> 00:53:12,274
It's been said that he betrayed
his prewar ideals,
808
00:53:12,320 --> 00:53:13,878
that he became gentrified.
809
00:53:13,960 --> 00:53:15,473
Then who are the flowers for?
810
00:53:15,520 --> 00:53:17,078
Gabin betrayed?
811
00:53:17,120 --> 00:53:20,669
One must remember
that he left France
812
00:53:20,720 --> 00:53:23,996
for the United States
to avoid the Collaboration.
813
00:53:24,040 --> 00:53:27,396
That afternoon l spent with him,
he told me,
814
00:53:27,440 --> 00:53:30,796
"Tavernier, you've got to remember,
815
00:53:30,840 --> 00:53:34,196
I'm one of the only Frenchmen
who paid to go to war.
816
00:53:34,720 --> 00:53:37,473
I had to buy back
my Universal contract.”
817
00:53:37,520 --> 00:53:40,751
He added,
"Do you think he thanked me?
818
00:53:40,800 --> 00:53:43,997
That guy, that pituitary gland,
819
00:53:44,040 --> 00:53:45,951
that Flemish giant rabbit?"
820
00:53:46,760 --> 00:53:47,795
He meant De Gaulle.
821
00:53:48,280 --> 00:53:50,840
Gabin had enlisted.
822
00:53:50,880 --> 00:53:55,590
The ship carrying him to Italy
was bombed one night.
823
00:53:56,560 --> 00:53:59,154
That was the night
his hair went white.
824
00:54:04,920 --> 00:54:07,309
Don't care to save a mug like that.
825
00:54:08,960 --> 00:54:10,632
His war episode
826
00:54:10,960 --> 00:54:15,670
would re-emerge in a very obscure
Gilles Grangier film.
827
00:54:15,720 --> 00:54:19,156
Supposedly, I cleaned up under Adolf.
828
00:54:19,200 --> 00:54:20,599
What crap!
829
00:54:20,640 --> 00:54:22,676
I made less in four years
with the Krauts
830
00:54:22,720 --> 00:54:24,676
than two months with the Yanks.
831
00:54:29,240 --> 00:54:31,515
Where were you at the Liberation?
832
00:54:31,560 --> 00:54:32,879
On the beaches.
833
00:54:32,920 --> 00:54:34,911
”I was on the beaches.”
834
00:54:35,000 --> 00:54:38,072
A virtually autobiographical remark
835
00:54:38,120 --> 00:54:41,749
that pops up by surprise in the film.
836
00:54:41,840 --> 00:54:42,875
Not bad.
837
00:54:43,840 --> 00:54:47,037
He had trouble getting back in movies,
838
00:54:47,080 --> 00:54:49,514
under Marlene Dietrich's influence.
839
00:54:49,560 --> 00:54:52,757
She pressed him to refuse
Les portes de la nuit.
840
00:54:52,800 --> 00:54:56,588
Prévert was furious
with Marlene Dietrich,
841
00:54:56,640 --> 00:54:59,632
"That idiot who spent the war
in Beverly Hills,
842
00:54:59,680 --> 00:55:02,114
who thought our script
was anti-French.
843
00:55:02,160 --> 00:55:04,913
She had no idea
what Occupation was like."
844
00:55:04,960 --> 00:55:06,393
It was tough, you know.
845
00:55:06,440 --> 00:55:10,149
I call it my dark period,
846
00:55:11,960 --> 00:55:14,838
when the black flag
floats over the soup pot.
847
00:55:16,360 --> 00:55:17,554
It wasn't good.
848
00:55:17,600 --> 00:55:20,910
Sure, I left when I was 37,
849
00:55:20,960 --> 00:55:26,034
right when my career was booming
because of all those good films.
850
00:55:26,080 --> 00:55:29,072
Then the war.
I came back with all that white hair.
851
00:55:35,600 --> 00:55:37,511
But Gabin, after the war,
852
00:55:37,560 --> 00:55:41,997
remained working class
in La nuit est mon royaume.
853
00:55:43,080 --> 00:55:47,312
It's a film that recaptures
the virtues of the prewar period.
854
00:56:02,240 --> 00:56:05,038
-I'll say it again...
-Once is enough!
855
00:56:05,080 --> 00:56:07,514
The humbug, the good advice,
I've had my fill.
856
00:56:07,560 --> 00:56:10,074
I've had it up to here.
857
00:56:10,120 --> 00:56:12,839
Your Dr. Veaujoy lied to me,
my mother lied to me.
858
00:56:12,880 --> 00:56:14,836
All of you who can see.
859
00:56:14,880 --> 00:56:17,189
The worst possible thing hits me.
860
00:56:17,240 --> 00:56:19,515
And a nun comes
and tells me it's nothing.
861
00:56:19,560 --> 00:56:20,993
Are you kidding me?
862
00:56:22,840 --> 00:56:25,115
The prewar Gabin
is never totally gone.
863
00:56:25,160 --> 00:56:28,277
"They'll find something..."
Tell me the truth, stop leading me on.
864
00:56:28,320 --> 00:56:29,833
It's the worst remedy.
865
00:56:29,880 --> 00:56:31,677
Because I'm suffering, too.
866
00:56:31,720 --> 00:56:33,756
When you go blind,
we'll talk about it.
867
00:56:34,080 --> 00:56:36,196
Des gens sans importance
868
00:56:36,240 --> 00:56:39,755
starts with a line
that situates the type of work.
869
00:56:40,200 --> 00:56:43,795
Berthier and I had been driving
for 60 hours non-stop.
870
00:56:46,560 --> 00:56:49,028
Is this thing always slow?
871
00:56:49,080 --> 00:56:50,479
In Gas-Oil...
872
00:56:50,520 --> 00:56:53,159
So you're gonna wake me
at dawn again?
873
00:56:53,200 --> 00:56:56,192
I have to pick up the endives
at Berthier's at 5:00.
874
00:56:56,240 --> 00:56:58,071
He's still there in Le Chat.
875
00:56:58,120 --> 00:57:00,509
Le Chat is a film Gabin wanted to do.
876
00:57:00,560 --> 00:57:03,199
He co-produced Le Chat.
877
00:57:04,000 --> 00:57:06,275
What's the use of their meetings?
878
00:57:06,360 --> 00:57:10,035
What's the use? You amaze me.
What do you live on?
879
00:57:10,080 --> 00:57:11,195
My pension.
880
00:57:11,280 --> 00:57:13,794
Meetings like this
got you your pension.
881
00:57:13,840 --> 00:57:14,989
But still...
882
00:57:15,040 --> 00:57:17,349
No "but still," that's how it is.
883
00:57:17,400 --> 00:57:21,552
He's also remarkable
in La vérité sur Bébé Donge.
884
00:57:21,600 --> 00:57:23,556
And there, he took risks.
885
00:57:23,600 --> 00:57:24,430
Divorced?
886
00:57:24,480 --> 00:57:28,880
For part of the film,
he's unpleasant and macho.
887
00:57:28,920 --> 00:57:30,990
Your sister nearly married first.
888
00:57:31,040 --> 00:57:33,190
In the end, you beat her.
889
00:57:33,240 --> 00:57:37,153
By a nipple, true.
A bit small for my taste.
890
00:57:37,200 --> 00:57:39,031
So you know my taste now.
891
00:57:41,280 --> 00:57:43,157
So I'm crude, what of it?
892
00:57:43,200 --> 00:57:45,111
Sorry about your girlish dreams.
893
00:57:45,160 --> 00:57:48,232
Wake up now. At some point
you have to snap out of it.
894
00:57:49,040 --> 00:57:52,191
Grisbi is 20 years ahead of its time.
895
00:57:52,280 --> 00:57:54,919
-We've got to talk, Max.
-About what?
896
00:57:54,960 --> 00:57:59,397
Becker creates one of cinema's
first anti-heroes.
897
00:57:59,800 --> 00:58:05,397
In doing so, he plays havoc
with the Gabin myth.
898
00:58:05,440 --> 00:58:06,998
Gabin, the romantic hero,
899
00:58:07,040 --> 00:58:10,749
in this film
is a rather jaded fifty-something
900
00:58:10,840 --> 00:58:12,512
who wants to turn in early
901
00:58:12,560 --> 00:58:15,358
and even refuses
Jeanne Moreau's advances.
902
00:58:15,400 --> 00:58:18,631
If you talk to him, he'll listen.
903
00:58:21,600 --> 00:58:23,158
Don't be mad at me, Max.
904
00:58:23,720 --> 00:58:27,156
I'd like your help.
I'm scared what might happen to me.
905
00:58:29,280 --> 00:58:32,352
The paper was right.
You're the star of French cuisine.
906
00:58:32,400 --> 00:58:34,391
-What did I tell you?
-Satisfied?
907
00:58:34,440 --> 00:58:37,750
France in the 1950s
was changed by the war.
908
00:58:37,800 --> 00:58:41,270
There were no more utopias,
but wounds to heal.
909
00:58:41,320 --> 00:58:46,269
It's true that Gabin would represent
a wealthier France.
910
00:58:46,320 --> 00:58:49,312
I submitted your file to the Ministry.
911
00:58:49,360 --> 00:58:52,193
You'll be decorated in January,
under Fine Arts.
912
00:58:52,240 --> 00:58:54,276
-Thank you, Mr. Prime Minister.
-Goodbye.
913
00:58:54,320 --> 00:58:59,872
He's absoluter brilliant
in En cas de malheur.
914
00:58:59,920 --> 00:59:03,151
He represents a strong France,
915
00:59:03,200 --> 00:59:07,398
sure of its rights,
that would suddenly meet the Devil.
916
00:59:14,120 --> 00:59:16,998
May as well enjoy it
before they jail me.
917
00:59:19,320 --> 00:59:22,995
He is equalIy superb
as the lone, alcoholic cop
918
00:59:23,080 --> 00:59:26,629
in Gilles Grangier's neglected
Désordre et la Nuit.
919
00:59:26,680 --> 00:59:29,797
Contrary to the puritan image
associated with him,
920
00:59:29,840 --> 00:59:34,868
he goes to bed on the first night
with a prostitute junkie
921
00:59:34,920 --> 00:59:39,835
who is also a major witness
in the investigation he's conducting.
922
00:59:39,880 --> 00:59:42,633
Are you for or against?
923
00:59:45,440 --> 00:59:47,192
I mean my stockings.
924
00:59:49,480 --> 00:59:51,072
How old are you, Lucky?
925
00:59:53,120 --> 00:59:54,075
Come.
926
00:59:54,840 --> 00:59:56,558
I'll tell you everything.
927
00:59:56,600 --> 00:59:59,068
His roles in En cas de malheur
928
00:59:59,120 --> 01:00:02,157
and in La Traversée de Paris
929
01:00:02,200 --> 01:00:05,112
are extraordinary achievements.
930
01:00:05,160 --> 01:00:06,878
Those things aren't for the poor.
931
01:00:06,920 --> 01:00:08,273
Look, mister,
932
01:00:08,320 --> 01:00:11,596
don't make trouble. Just go.
This is a quiet business...
933
01:00:11,640 --> 01:00:13,676
-And respectable.
-Respectable?
934
01:00:14,880 --> 01:00:17,394
But you employ Jews
in a public place.
935
01:00:17,440 --> 01:00:18,998
I don't employ her.
936
01:00:19,040 --> 01:00:20,393
She gives me a hand.
937
01:00:21,040 --> 01:00:23,235
You exploit her, too.
938
01:00:23,280 --> 01:00:25,953
I ought to denounce you,
teach you some manners.
939
01:00:26,000 --> 01:00:28,833
Why make laws
if you don't obey them?
940
01:00:28,880 --> 01:00:30,393
Riffraff!
941
01:00:30,480 --> 01:00:32,596
Drop it! Don't listen to him.
942
01:00:32,640 --> 01:00:35,234
People without a conscience
make me sick.
943
01:00:35,280 --> 01:00:37,714
Filth! I'd throw you all in prison.
944
01:00:37,760 --> 01:00:39,716
No pity. In prison.
945
01:00:39,760 --> 01:00:42,354
Hoodlums. Anarchists.
Bad Frenchman.
946
01:00:42,400 --> 01:00:46,473
But first, names, ages,
marital status. Out with it!
947
01:00:46,520 --> 01:00:50,832
Look, man, I did anger scenes
'cause people stuck me with 'em.
948
01:00:50,880 --> 01:00:54,316
The subject demanded it.
949
01:00:54,360 --> 01:00:56,271
Personally, I'm not keen.
950
01:00:56,320 --> 01:00:57,639
Look at handsome here
951
01:00:57,680 --> 01:01:00,069
with his drunkard's mug
and his gray meat,
952
01:01:00,120 --> 01:01:02,839
and flab everywhere,
nothing but flab!
953
01:01:02,880 --> 01:01:04,552
You'll never change your face.
954
01:01:05,040 --> 01:01:08,032
And the old biddy
with a face like jelly and lard.
955
01:01:08,080 --> 01:01:10,230
Three chins and boobs down to here.
956
01:01:10,280 --> 01:01:13,989
50 years each, 100 years the lot!
100 years of stupidity!
957
01:01:14,440 --> 01:01:18,194
You think France
can afford a financial scandal?
958
01:01:18,240 --> 01:01:21,471
The two years you'd do
like some common thief
959
01:01:21,520 --> 01:01:24,398
wouldn't be reparations
as regards the state.
960
01:01:25,360 --> 01:01:27,999
Mr. Prime Minister,
I swear I only told my wife.
961
01:01:28,040 --> 01:01:30,270
Keep still, you married a bank!
962
01:01:30,880 --> 01:01:33,678
You're a monster, Mrs. Morin.
963
01:01:33,720 --> 01:01:35,756
A monster of stupidity.
964
01:01:36,400 --> 01:01:38,038
You're acting like a...
965
01:01:38,080 --> 01:01:41,959
Vain, possessive, and mean.
966
01:01:42,000 --> 01:01:45,709
But most of all, you're stupid.
Oh, so stupid!
967
01:01:45,760 --> 01:01:47,830
You made your son stupid.
968
01:01:47,880 --> 01:01:51,589
You kept him from father, friends,
a normal childhood.
969
01:01:51,640 --> 01:01:54,313
Because he's not normal,
you both know that!
970
01:01:54,360 --> 01:01:55,793
Ask his wife.
971
01:01:56,440 --> 01:01:59,273
He may have talent,
but not for everything.
972
01:01:59,360 --> 01:02:00,588
That's your doing.
973
01:02:00,640 --> 01:02:03,871
People said he played Gabin.
A bunch of crap!
974
01:02:03,920 --> 01:02:05,717
Gabin was versatile.
975
01:02:05,760 --> 01:02:07,830
He wasn't the same
as prime minister...
976
01:02:07,880 --> 01:02:11,429
You like to go through the kitchen
for news like everyone.
977
01:02:11,480 --> 01:02:13,152
It's a little routine.
978
01:02:13,200 --> 01:02:15,634
If my cook
gives you news of my health,
979
01:02:15,680 --> 01:02:18,274
why not give her
the Beef Mironton recipe?
980
01:02:18,320 --> 01:02:21,676
As a truck driver,
he didn't have the same walk.
981
01:02:21,720 --> 01:02:26,510
Even if he moved at a slow pace,
it wasn't the same slow pace.
982
01:02:30,800 --> 01:02:32,358
Two chicken à la crème,
983
01:02:32,400 --> 01:02:35,153
two sides of peas,
two Grand Marnier soufflés.
984
01:02:35,680 --> 01:02:38,558
He was someone
who espoused any trade
985
01:02:38,600 --> 01:02:42,639
in an incredibly organic,
visceral fashion,
986
01:02:42,680 --> 01:02:45,990
making us believe
he'd been at it for 15 years.
987
01:02:46,680 --> 01:02:48,557
Madam Chatelin, your wife.
988
01:02:50,200 --> 01:02:51,189
My ex.
989
01:02:52,840 --> 01:02:54,398
What does she want now?
990
01:02:54,880 --> 01:02:57,553
-Are you a relative?
-I'm her daughter.
991
01:02:58,440 --> 01:03:01,159
-What does she want, money?
-No.
992
01:03:01,200 --> 01:03:03,839
In the 20 years since we divorced,
993
01:03:03,880 --> 01:03:05,996
when I hear from her,
it's to hit me up.
994
01:03:06,040 --> 01:03:10,272
He invokes the character's past
without it ever being described.
995
01:03:10,320 --> 01:03:12,914
That's what made him so brilliant.
996
01:03:12,960 --> 01:03:16,111
He's phenomenal
in Un singe en hiver.
997
01:03:16,160 --> 01:03:17,991
Things bring on things.
998
01:03:18,040 --> 01:03:20,793
Whats-its beget whats-its.
Nothing is by chance.
999
01:03:21,200 --> 01:03:23,430
Back to the barracks.
1000
01:03:23,480 --> 01:03:26,119
This is on me.
1001
01:03:26,160 --> 01:03:29,709
Mind your beeswax, rookie.
I got my back pay.
1002
01:03:30,680 --> 01:03:32,830
They paid you with a train ticket?
1003
01:03:33,640 --> 01:03:34,789
Here.
1004
01:03:35,720 --> 01:03:39,110
I'll give you one way
and keep the return. Do the same.
1005
01:03:39,160 --> 01:03:41,390
-I can't.
-You don't trust me?
1006
01:03:41,440 --> 01:03:45,433
-I don't have a ticket.
-You should always have a ticket.
1007
01:03:45,480 --> 01:03:47,596
Just in case.
1008
01:03:47,640 --> 01:03:51,155
I spent my life going back and forth.
1009
01:03:51,200 --> 01:03:52,918
Unstable, they call it.
1010
01:03:52,960 --> 01:03:56,475
We're doing too much talking.
We'll get dehydrated.
1011
01:03:56,560 --> 01:04:00,189
Nine times out of ten,
the director didn't direct Gabin.
1012
01:04:00,240 --> 01:04:02,959
Gabin directed the director.
1013
01:04:03,000 --> 01:04:06,037
Listen to him.
He goes through his script,
1014
01:04:06,080 --> 01:04:07,433
then says,
1015
01:04:07,480 --> 01:04:10,472
"On page 19, there's a line
that sticks in my mouth.
1016
01:04:10,520 --> 01:04:11,635
I'm cutting it."
1017
01:04:11,680 --> 01:04:12,874
That's Gabin.
1018
01:04:13,520 --> 01:04:15,954
Or the director says,
1019
01:04:16,000 --> 01:04:21,552
"Jean, hurry to the window, open it,
and look at the street.
1020
01:04:21,600 --> 01:04:24,990
Close it suddenly.
The cops are downstairs."
1021
01:04:25,600 --> 01:04:27,113
Gabin doesn't react.
1022
01:04:27,160 --> 01:04:30,789
But he doesn't like two words:
"hurry" and "suddenly."
1023
01:04:31,040 --> 01:04:33,952
The director eagerly says,
"Let's rehearse."
1024
01:04:34,360 --> 01:04:36,032
So Jean gets up,
1025
01:04:36,080 --> 01:04:38,799
he goes to the window, slowly,
1026
01:04:38,840 --> 01:04:40,398
dragging his feet,
1027
01:04:40,480 --> 01:04:41,959
doesn't open it,
1028
01:04:42,200 --> 01:04:44,998
looks at the street,
scratches his neck,
1029
01:04:45,040 --> 01:04:48,191
turns to the camera
and says, "I'm ready."
1030
01:04:54,920 --> 01:04:56,956
He knew what a shoot was.
1031
01:04:57,200 --> 01:04:58,872
He had the film in his head.
1032
01:04:58,920 --> 01:05:00,990
-Henri Ferré?
-Yes.
1033
01:05:06,040 --> 01:05:07,268
He'd call the screenwriter,
1034
01:05:07,320 --> 01:05:10,039
"Molière, come here.
Hey, Molière!
1035
01:05:10,080 --> 01:05:12,230
You ought to rework your text.
1036
01:05:12,280 --> 01:05:14,077
Look, I thought that...
1037
01:05:17,200 --> 01:05:18,269
There."
1038
01:05:18,320 --> 01:05:19,355
He cut it.
1039
01:05:19,920 --> 01:05:23,117
"Isn't that better?" he'd say.
Just like that.
1040
01:05:23,160 --> 01:05:26,596
And someone'd say,
"We need you on the set."
1041
01:05:27,160 --> 01:05:31,199
So he'd come.
It was an airplane cabin.
1042
01:05:32,400 --> 01:05:35,278
He looked at the camera,
"What lens?"
1043
01:05:35,320 --> 01:05:36,878
The guy answers, "A 50 mm."
1044
01:05:36,920 --> 01:05:39,912
He'd say, "I'm not in frame,"
and leave.
1045
01:05:39,960 --> 01:05:42,269
The guy said, "He's right."
1046
01:05:42,320 --> 01:05:45,710
So it's true,
at the very end of his career,
1047
01:05:45,760 --> 01:05:48,115
he didn't knock himself out.
1048
01:05:48,160 --> 01:05:52,438
He worked only with crew he liked.
1049
01:05:52,480 --> 01:05:54,471
He'd refuse to go up stairs
1050
01:05:54,520 --> 01:05:57,318
because he was afraid
of a heart attack.
1051
01:05:57,360 --> 01:05:59,112
So he'd say,
1052
01:05:59,960 --> 01:06:03,589
"All right, three steps,
and then cut."
1053
01:06:04,400 --> 01:06:09,349
In Le Chat, he's supposed
to leave Signoret and go upstairs.
1054
01:06:09,400 --> 01:06:11,436
Off screen, he went all the way up.
1055
01:06:19,760 --> 01:06:21,432
He came back and asked Simone,
1056
01:06:21,680 --> 01:06:22,829
"That help you?
1057
01:06:24,000 --> 01:06:26,468
For the look?"
1058
01:06:26,520 --> 01:06:28,590
I just love actors.
1059
01:06:29,040 --> 01:06:30,519
I love them.
1060
01:06:30,560 --> 01:06:33,472
Actors are swell.
Actors are great.
1061
01:06:33,520 --> 01:06:35,875
They're the ones who translate it all.
1062
01:06:38,560 --> 01:06:43,680
On day two of Gas-Oil,
he called Grangier after the dailies.
1063
01:06:43,720 --> 01:06:46,280
"The youngster this morning,
1064
01:06:46,320 --> 01:06:48,470
Bozzuffi... he's good.
1065
01:06:48,520 --> 01:06:52,149
So do the shot on him, not on me."
1066
01:06:53,400 --> 01:06:57,712
He even added, "l always ask
for at least two scenes from behind.
1067
01:06:57,760 --> 01:07:01,594
Can't let them get sick of our face.
Give 'em a rest."
1068
01:07:01,640 --> 01:07:03,517
He told Bozzuffi,
1069
01:07:03,560 --> 01:07:07,758
"Whatever happens in your career,
always stay a redskin."
1070
01:07:08,640 --> 01:07:12,599
Bozzuffi asked,
"A redskin? What do you mean?"
1071
01:07:12,640 --> 01:07:15,154
"Let me explain, it's simple.
1072
01:07:15,840 --> 01:07:17,068
A redskin:
1073
01:07:17,840 --> 01:07:19,990
You're at Place de la Concorde,
1074
01:07:20,680 --> 01:07:22,477
there's loads of traffic.
1075
01:07:24,040 --> 01:07:26,156
Cars and people everywhere.
1076
01:07:27,080 --> 01:07:30,755
Next to the obelisk is an Indian.
All you see is him."
1077
01:07:34,080 --> 01:07:35,593
That's me,
1078
01:07:35,640 --> 01:07:37,790
in several copies.
1079
01:07:37,840 --> 01:07:39,751
Sweet of you to put me up.
1080
01:07:39,800 --> 01:07:42,155
And then, there's Gabin's charm,
1081
01:07:42,200 --> 01:07:44,156
his gentleness.
1082
01:07:44,200 --> 01:07:49,149
There's no one like him in moments
of tenderness and vulnerability.
1083
01:07:49,200 --> 01:07:52,670
That's Bolo, my teddy,
when I was little.
1084
01:07:52,720 --> 01:07:54,153
I've kept him.
1085
01:07:54,200 --> 01:07:56,555
He's missing an ear,
but he has a nice face.
1086
01:07:56,600 --> 01:07:57,999
He looks like you.
1087
01:08:01,760 --> 01:08:03,910
He does. A family resemblance.
1088
01:08:03,960 --> 01:08:06,269
You see, he's like you.
1089
01:08:06,320 --> 01:08:09,596
He has one cheerful eye,
the other is a bit sad.
1090
01:08:15,360 --> 01:08:18,955
The ever blue-eyed,
still childish gaze smiles.
1091
01:08:19,000 --> 01:08:21,798
The thin lips reveal life's trials.
1092
01:08:28,720 --> 01:08:30,438
In a spirit of provocation,
1093
01:08:30,480 --> 01:08:35,110
I chose the final scene
of one of Marcel Carné's last films:
1094
01:08:35,160 --> 01:08:37,833
an exchange between
an examining judge
1095
01:08:37,880 --> 01:08:39,791
who tried in vain
1096
01:08:39,840 --> 01:08:44,516
to get a conviction for policemen
who killed a suspect in custody...
1097
01:08:44,560 --> 01:08:46,312
A fine speech, counselor.
1098
01:08:47,080 --> 01:08:49,116
...and the police attorney.
1099
01:08:50,360 --> 01:08:52,635
You just forgot the conclusion.
1100
01:08:52,680 --> 01:08:53,749
Look.
1101
01:08:54,880 --> 01:08:56,632
You won a total victory.
1102
01:08:57,120 --> 01:08:58,758
Hatred is the victor.
1103
01:08:58,800 --> 01:09:01,678
You know, hate, love...
1104
01:09:01,720 --> 01:09:04,678
You can't stop windmills
from turning.
1105
01:09:04,720 --> 01:09:09,236
I, too, read Don Quixote as a child.
It was my favorite book.
1106
01:09:09,280 --> 01:09:13,273
-You never should have grown up.
-l hate lost causes.
1107
01:09:13,320 --> 01:09:16,790
No cause is ever lost.
The history of mankind proves it.
1108
01:09:16,880 --> 01:09:19,792
Yesterday's losers
are tomorrow's winners.
1109
01:09:19,840 --> 01:09:21,831
Only one thing matters.
1110
01:09:21,880 --> 01:09:25,429
Taking a step forward,
even if it's a tiny one.
1111
01:09:29,640 --> 01:09:31,915
As Paul Vecchiali wrote...
1112
01:09:31,960 --> 01:09:33,996
"Carné had gone out of fashion.
1113
01:09:34,040 --> 01:09:36,998
This plea for the truth
was disregarded."
1114
01:09:37,040 --> 01:09:40,640
And he justly compared Carné's work,
1115
01:09:40,680 --> 01:09:44,434
dignified, unpretentious, and placid,
1116
01:09:44,480 --> 01:09:47,552
to that of his main actor...
1117
01:09:49,400 --> 01:09:50,515
...Jacques Brel.
1118
01:09:50,560 --> 01:09:52,312
Don't budge.
1119
01:09:52,360 --> 01:09:55,636
You put together
an honest, clear case.
1120
01:09:55,680 --> 01:09:57,352
Nothing is left in the dark.
1121
01:09:57,400 --> 01:09:58,628
Pure Mozart.
1122
01:09:58,680 --> 01:10:02,468
It has the same easy movement,
but sadly, the same fragility.
1123
01:10:02,520 --> 01:10:04,272
You can't have everything.
1124
01:10:04,320 --> 01:10:07,232
Mozart, fragile?
That's your opinion.
1125
01:10:07,960 --> 01:10:12,511
If you'll excuse me, Mr. Moulard
has the rest of the score.
1126
01:10:12,560 --> 01:10:15,233
Whatever the film's qualifies,
1127
01:10:15,280 --> 01:10:17,157
they seem somewhat fragile
1128
01:10:17,200 --> 01:10:20,875
compared to certain scenes
from Le jour se lève.
1129
01:10:21,440 --> 01:10:25,479
Here comes the animal tamer.
What's he doing here?
1130
01:10:26,000 --> 01:10:27,718
Can't be up to any good.
1131
01:10:27,760 --> 01:10:29,876
He must be here to see you.
1132
01:10:29,920 --> 01:10:32,593
Me? He's here about the kid.
1133
01:10:32,640 --> 01:10:34,915
I don't want to hear about it.
1134
01:10:35,000 --> 01:10:36,991
That won't stop him.
1135
01:10:39,920 --> 01:10:41,717
l can think of few filmmakers
1136
01:10:41,760 --> 01:10:46,117
who've been attacked
by their colleagues as much as Carné.
1137
01:10:46,160 --> 01:10:48,310
He's taking his time to come up.
1138
01:10:48,360 --> 01:10:49,713
What's he up to?
1139
01:11:00,280 --> 01:11:01,952
Charming.
1140
01:11:05,080 --> 01:11:06,149
That's right.
1141
01:11:07,480 --> 01:11:09,038
I eavesdrop.
1142
01:11:10,320 --> 01:11:14,313
Jeanson, returning from a discussion
with Carné,
1143
01:11:14,360 --> 01:11:17,272
flew into a rage.
1144
01:11:17,320 --> 01:11:21,518
“Every time I talk to him
about a feeling or an emotion,
1145
01:11:21,560 --> 01:11:23,437
to emphasize, he says,
1146
01:11:23,480 --> 01:11:27,314
'Do you have them cross a bridge
so the atmosphere is foggy?
1147
01:11:27,760 --> 01:11:31,355
Do you think of putting them
beside the canal?
1148
01:11:31,400 --> 01:11:34,358
Fog would be good
for the atmosphere."'
1149
01:11:34,400 --> 01:11:38,393
So Jeanson sat down and wrote:
1150
01:11:38,480 --> 01:11:41,631
l need a change of atmosphere,
and my atmosphere is you.
1151
01:11:41,680 --> 01:11:44,240
Nobody's ever called me
an atmosphere before!
1152
01:11:44,320 --> 01:11:47,118
If I'm an atmosphere,
you're an odd sort of burg.
1153
01:11:47,160 --> 01:11:51,358
Mobsters who aren't mobsters
and brag about what they once were!
1154
01:11:51,400 --> 01:11:55,359
Atmosphere, atmosphere!
Do l look like an atmosphere?
1155
01:11:55,720 --> 01:12:00,032
If that's the case, happy fishing
and happy atmosphere!
1156
01:12:00,080 --> 01:12:04,232
That tirade is the result
of a writer's fit of rage
1157
01:12:04,280 --> 01:12:06,874
at his director.
1158
01:12:06,920 --> 01:12:08,990
It's almost too famous
1159
01:12:09,040 --> 01:12:12,794
because it has overshadowed other,
more striking moments.
1160
01:12:12,840 --> 01:12:15,991
-What time is your train?
-At 10:50 tonight.
1161
01:12:16,600 --> 01:12:19,797
Usually, at that hour,
I hit the turf under the metro.
1162
01:12:20,560 --> 01:12:24,792
A funny line of work,
when I think about it calmly.
1163
01:12:24,840 --> 01:12:28,799
Some nights, 20-25 trains go by
without finding me a client.
1164
01:12:28,840 --> 01:12:32,116
When I'm bored,
l count the trains that go by.
1165
01:12:32,200 --> 01:12:34,714
One day I broke my own record:
1166
01:12:34,760 --> 01:12:37,479
57 trains without seeing anyone.
1167
01:12:37,520 --> 01:12:39,351
Yet it's a station that hustles.
1168
01:12:39,400 --> 01:12:41,197
Mr. Edmond was up early today.
1169
01:12:41,240 --> 01:12:42,992
At 7:00, he was shaved.
1170
01:12:43,040 --> 01:12:46,191
He went to the station
to pick up our tickets.
1171
01:12:46,240 --> 01:12:47,468
He knows how to travel.
1172
01:12:47,520 --> 01:12:49,875
You should see how organized he is.
1173
01:12:49,920 --> 01:12:53,993
Traveling with him is a dream.
In a station, he's another man.
1174
01:12:54,040 --> 01:12:56,076
He waits on you hand and foot.
1175
01:12:56,120 --> 01:12:59,078
He buys you oranges and peels them.
1176
01:12:59,120 --> 01:13:01,270
He lights a cigarette
and gives it to you.
1177
01:13:01,320 --> 01:13:03,709
For kindness he can't be beat.
1178
01:13:03,760 --> 01:13:06,194
He explains places we go by.
1179
01:13:06,240 --> 01:13:08,549
"Here‘s where Charley's cat house is.
1180
01:13:08,600 --> 01:13:10,556
This is where the ex-cons hang out.
1181
01:13:10,600 --> 01:13:12,716
This is Lyon
where Alphonse shot Dédé."
1182
01:13:12,760 --> 01:13:14,671
A real geographer!
1183
01:13:14,720 --> 01:13:18,429
And the closer we get to the sea,
the more tender he is.
1184
01:13:18,880 --> 01:13:21,030
He knows how to behave on a train.
1185
01:13:21,080 --> 01:13:23,958
Third class feels like first class
with him.
1186
01:13:24,000 --> 01:13:25,718
You travel with him a lot?
1187
01:13:25,760 --> 01:13:27,318
It's the first time.
1188
01:13:27,360 --> 01:13:29,316
I must admit, for this film,
1189
01:13:29,360 --> 01:13:34,275
l had the hardest time
imposing Jouvet and Arletty
1190
01:13:34,320 --> 01:13:37,392
on the producer
and on the director.
1191
01:13:37,880 --> 01:13:43,876
At the time, stage and film
were totally compartmentalized.
1192
01:13:43,920 --> 01:13:46,673
The producer had never seen Arletty
1193
01:13:46,720 --> 01:13:49,188
and he didn't know who Jouvet was.
1194
01:13:49,240 --> 01:13:52,516
Jouvet? Unknown to him,
as strange as it may seem.
1195
01:13:53,120 --> 01:13:55,315
As for the director...
1196
01:13:55,360 --> 01:13:56,952
Who was it?
1197
01:13:58,360 --> 01:13:59,395
Duvivier?
1198
01:13:59,440 --> 01:14:04,036
No, not Duvivier. He knows actors.
And knows how to direct them.
1199
01:14:05,240 --> 01:14:06,309
It was Carné.
1200
01:14:06,360 --> 01:14:09,079
One of Prévert's 1001 inventions.
1201
01:14:09,120 --> 01:14:14,797
And Carné did not want
to tackle actors he didn't know.
1202
01:14:15,320 --> 01:14:16,992
Look, down there.
1203
01:14:17,360 --> 01:14:18,839
The little lights.
1204
01:14:18,880 --> 01:14:20,438
The lights of Menilmontant.
1205
01:14:20,480 --> 01:14:23,517
In his memoirs,
Carné admitted his error,
1206
01:14:23,560 --> 01:14:27,269
and Arletty, who is marvelous
in Hotel du Nord,
1207
01:14:27,320 --> 01:14:30,630
is extraordinary
in Children of Paradise.
1208
01:14:31,040 --> 01:14:34,919
l can't even recognize the room
where l lived with my mother.
1209
01:14:34,960 --> 01:14:36,791
You lived in Menilmontant?
1210
01:14:36,840 --> 01:14:38,273
I was born there.
1211
01:14:38,320 --> 01:14:40,754
I lived happily there.
For a long time.
1212
01:14:40,800 --> 01:14:42,358
Very happily.
1213
01:14:42,400 --> 01:14:45,233
Yet my mother was poor
and my father had left her.
1214
01:14:45,280 --> 01:14:48,431
She worked for others
as a laundress.
1215
01:14:48,480 --> 01:14:50,152
She loved me, I loved her.
1216
01:14:50,200 --> 01:14:52,555
She was lovely, she was cheerful.
1217
01:14:52,600 --> 01:14:55,068
She taught me to laugh and sing.
1218
01:14:56,040 --> 01:14:57,871
And then, she died.
1219
01:14:58,760 --> 01:15:00,398
And everything changed.
1220
01:15:00,440 --> 01:15:02,271
And you ended up alone?
1221
01:15:02,320 --> 01:15:06,108
At 15, around here
a girl who grows up too fast
1222
01:15:07,080 --> 01:15:09,196
isn't alone for long.
1223
01:15:10,280 --> 01:15:13,636
As for Jouvet,
Carné defended himself
1224
01:15:13,680 --> 01:15:17,434
by saying he didn't think
he'd be credible as a pimp.
1225
01:15:17,480 --> 01:15:19,232
And yet, he is.
1226
01:15:19,600 --> 01:15:21,556
You notified the landlady?
1227
01:15:21,600 --> 01:15:24,114
I even broke down the door.
1228
01:15:24,160 --> 01:15:26,628
l was in my room
when I heard the shot.
1229
01:15:26,680 --> 01:15:28,989
It was a 6.35 caliber.
1230
01:15:29,040 --> 01:15:32,555
It was a 6.35. I'm never wrong.
I have a musician's ear.
1231
01:15:32,600 --> 01:15:35,751
Jacques Prévert
was even harsher than Jeanson
1232
01:15:35,800 --> 01:15:39,270
regarding Carné's relationship
with actors.
1233
01:15:39,320 --> 01:15:45,395
Prévert told me he personally did
all the casting.
1234
01:15:45,440 --> 01:15:48,716
They fell out
over Les Portes de la nuit,
1235
01:15:48,760 --> 01:15:52,719
when Prévert suggested
Simone Signoret.
1236
01:15:52,760 --> 01:15:56,548
A brilliant idea
that Carné stupidly rejected,
1237
01:15:56,600 --> 01:16:00,832
insisting on Nathalie Nattier,
who's a disaster in the film.
1238
01:16:02,640 --> 01:16:06,189
Prévert added that Carné
was the only filmmaker
1239
01:16:06,240 --> 01:16:11,360
who was incapable
of writing a scene, even a line.
1240
01:16:12,040 --> 01:16:13,519
A pretty damning portrait,
1241
01:16:13,560 --> 01:16:16,552
and yet, the films exist.
1242
01:16:16,600 --> 01:16:18,830
Some of them are masterpieces.
1243
01:16:18,880 --> 01:16:20,279
Not only masterpieces,
1244
01:16:20,320 --> 01:16:24,279
but among the greatest masterpieces
of French cinema.
1245
01:16:24,320 --> 01:16:27,790
Carné must have had something
to do with it.
1246
01:16:27,840 --> 01:16:30,832
First, he was a workaholic.
1247
01:16:30,880 --> 01:16:33,189
And I think
he made Prévert produce,
1248
01:16:33,240 --> 01:16:37,074
Prévert, who may have been
a bit laid-back.
1249
01:16:37,120 --> 01:16:40,317
And when he'd assimilated a script,
1250
01:16:40,360 --> 01:16:42,396
nothing could shake him.
1251
01:16:42,440 --> 01:16:44,476
Carné became a rock.
1252
01:16:44,520 --> 01:16:46,511
He could resist all pressure.
1253
01:16:46,560 --> 01:16:48,516
He yielded on nothing.
1254
01:16:48,560 --> 01:16:52,269
For instance, when the producer
wanted to get rid of the fog,
1255
01:16:52,320 --> 01:16:54,038
because it "obscured the set."
1256
01:16:55,640 --> 01:16:57,915
He also had to stand firm
1257
01:16:57,960 --> 01:17:00,599
to preserve
the audacity of the scripts.
1258
01:17:00,640 --> 01:17:04,076
It‘s not by chance
if in Hôtel du Nord
1259
01:17:04,120 --> 01:17:06,873
there is one of the rare allusions
1260
01:17:06,920 --> 01:17:09,992
to the Spanish Civil War
made in a French film.
1261
01:17:13,960 --> 01:17:15,791
What's the matter with him?
1262
01:17:15,840 --> 01:17:17,990
My little Manolo, don't be afraid.
1263
01:17:18,040 --> 01:17:20,190
Don't you all stare at him.
1264
01:17:20,280 --> 01:17:22,350
In my line l call it "spooked."
1265
01:17:22,400 --> 01:17:24,994
Sure he's spooked.
1266
01:17:25,040 --> 01:17:27,952
The kid spent two years in Barcelona.
He's seen worse.
1267
01:17:28,000 --> 01:17:29,513
What's his problem then?
1268
01:17:29,560 --> 01:17:32,199
It's not fear, it's memories.
1269
01:17:32,240 --> 01:17:35,198
Stay by me, Manolo dear.
No one will hurt you.
1270
01:17:35,240 --> 01:17:37,037
What a strange idea.
1271
01:17:37,080 --> 01:17:38,229
What is?
1272
01:17:38,680 --> 01:17:42,719
Adopting the kid.
Nobody knows a thing about him.
1273
01:17:42,760 --> 01:17:45,115
I know his whole family is dead.
1274
01:17:46,480 --> 01:17:47,629
He's a foreigner.
1275
01:17:47,680 --> 01:17:50,638
He's not a foreigner, he's an orphan.
1276
01:17:51,040 --> 01:17:54,430
There's also
this homosexual character
1277
01:17:54,480 --> 01:17:58,439
filmed with warmth and empathy
1278
01:17:58,480 --> 01:18:02,189
that is unique in the French cinema
of the time.
1279
01:18:02,280 --> 01:18:03,633
Hey, Fernand.
1280
01:18:04,480 --> 01:18:06,152
I was looking for you.
1281
01:18:06,200 --> 01:18:07,838
You didn't recognize me?
1282
01:18:07,880 --> 01:18:11,111
l didn't even look at you,
seeing you with the lady...
1283
01:18:12,280 --> 01:18:15,078
-I won't spoil your evening.
-Not at all.
1284
01:18:15,120 --> 01:18:18,999
I didn't dare say so, but I'm sleepy.
Thanks anyway.
1285
01:18:19,040 --> 01:18:21,634
Really, don't worry about me.
1286
01:18:27,160 --> 01:18:29,674
When Alexandre Trauner suggested
1287
01:18:29,720 --> 01:18:31,312
that Gabin's character
1288
01:18:31,360 --> 01:18:34,158
live on the top floor
and not the second,
1289
01:18:34,200 --> 01:18:35,838
as originally scripted,
1290
01:18:35,880 --> 01:18:38,440
Carné backed him instantly,
1291
01:18:38,480 --> 01:18:41,040
and yet, the idea was very costly.
1292
01:18:41,800 --> 01:18:45,395
I sensed it couldn't be
on the second floor.
1293
01:18:45,440 --> 01:18:50,036
First, he was too close.
Second, there was no danger.
1294
01:18:50,120 --> 01:18:52,839
It had to be on the top floor.
1295
01:18:52,880 --> 01:18:55,030
So we started developing.
1296
01:18:55,080 --> 01:18:57,071
I sketched out some ideas,
1297
01:18:57,120 --> 01:19:01,159
and everyone agreed
it was the solution.
1298
01:19:01,200 --> 01:19:04,875
But naturally, when you count floors,
you count money, too.
1299
01:19:04,920 --> 01:19:09,948
And the producer tried every day
to cut down a story.
1300
01:19:10,000 --> 01:19:14,915
Carné sensed that this idea
would isolate Gabin
1301
01:19:14,960 --> 01:19:17,838
to have him tower over the crowd.
1302
01:19:17,880 --> 01:19:21,236
It would prevent him
from hearing people,
1303
01:19:21,280 --> 01:19:24,989
even their encouragements
and their support.
1304
01:19:25,520 --> 01:19:27,112
Leave me alone!
1305
01:19:27,160 --> 01:19:28,798
Alone, you hear?
1306
01:19:29,320 --> 01:19:32,118
I just want to be left in peace!
1307
01:19:32,160 --> 01:19:33,388
In peace!
1308
01:19:34,720 --> 01:19:36,278
He's shouting.
1309
01:19:38,840 --> 01:19:41,308
François! François!
1310
01:19:41,360 --> 01:19:46,992
But the talent and power of his films
reside in his shot breakdowns.
1311
01:19:47,800 --> 01:19:51,395
He didn't do many takes.
He had little material to edit.
1312
01:19:51,440 --> 01:19:53,795
Principal photography was so short.
1313
01:19:53,840 --> 01:19:56,877
Will you shut your trap?
1314
01:19:59,040 --> 01:20:00,837
When you see, for instance,
1315
01:20:00,880 --> 01:20:06,273
how he managed to film
in very tight sets, a hotel landing...
1316
01:20:07,040 --> 01:20:09,315
He mostly used a 32mm lens.
1317
01:20:09,360 --> 01:20:12,397
He was hooked on that focal length.
1318
01:20:12,440 --> 01:20:17,878
And in very narrow sets,
he gets the most out of them.
1319
01:20:27,640 --> 01:20:31,997
Every shot energizes the narrative.
1320
01:20:32,040 --> 01:20:35,077
No two are alike.
1321
01:20:38,600 --> 01:20:41,319
What was that?
Did somebody fall?
1322
01:20:42,000 --> 01:20:43,069
Somebody. ..
1323
01:20:48,480 --> 01:20:49,674
Somebody...!
1324
01:20:49,720 --> 01:20:50,948
Somebody fell!
1325
01:20:51,000 --> 01:20:52,115
Listen.
1326
01:20:54,280 --> 01:20:55,429
Listen to me good...
1327
01:20:55,480 --> 01:20:59,632
And then, there are moments
when characters confront each other.
1328
01:20:59,680 --> 01:21:04,470
The reverse angle shots
in Carné's films written by Prévert
1329
01:21:04,520 --> 01:21:05,999
are really something.
1330
01:21:06,040 --> 01:21:08,110
Sautet talked about them constantly.
1331
01:21:08,160 --> 01:21:12,233
He said he‘d rarely seen scenes
broken down into shots
1332
01:21:12,280 --> 01:21:15,955
as well as those with Gabin
and Jules Berry.
1333
01:21:16,000 --> 01:21:17,718
-Do you love her?
-Yes.
1334
01:21:18,920 --> 01:21:21,275
-And her?
-That your business?
1335
01:21:21,720 --> 01:21:24,234
My good man, think about it.
1336
01:21:25,560 --> 01:21:28,632
I've a right to know
what went on between you.
1337
01:21:28,680 --> 01:21:29,874
Understand, a right.
1338
01:21:29,920 --> 01:21:31,069
A right...
1339
01:21:31,840 --> 01:21:33,876
You wear me out.
1340
01:21:33,920 --> 01:21:36,115
-You hear me?
-What do you...
1341
01:21:36,160 --> 01:21:37,832
What do you plan to do?
1342
01:21:37,880 --> 01:21:39,677
Think about it.
1343
01:21:40,880 --> 01:21:42,359
It's a bit...
1344
01:21:42,400 --> 01:21:43,719
You don't plan to...
1345
01:21:44,440 --> 01:21:46,351
-François...
-What?
1346
01:21:46,400 --> 01:21:48,118
Ragman! Old clothes!
1347
01:21:48,160 --> 01:21:50,390
Old clothes for sale?
1348
01:21:50,720 --> 01:21:53,280
And in my dream,
I heard something else.
1349
01:21:53,840 --> 01:21:56,070
I heard: Rat-on-a-man!
1350
01:21:56,120 --> 01:21:58,076
Old friends for sale?
1351
01:21:58,880 --> 01:22:01,872
Is it true that you have access
to those gents
1352
01:22:01,920 --> 01:22:03,751
and you sell friends? Jericho?
1353
01:22:10,240 --> 01:22:12,959
Lies! As sure as they call me...
1354
01:22:13,000 --> 01:22:16,515
Snitch. Forked Tongue.
Thirteenth at Table.
1355
01:22:17,880 --> 01:22:21,270
Carné, it's obvious
from his later films,
1356
01:22:21,320 --> 01:22:23,675
must have been a loner,
1357
01:22:23,720 --> 01:22:25,153
someone who had trouble
1358
01:22:25,200 --> 01:22:29,432
dealing with amicable,
humanist feelings.
1359
01:22:29,840 --> 01:22:33,913
Traveling, for a painter,
must be a source of renewal.
1360
01:22:33,960 --> 01:22:37,794
Prévert brought him generosity
1361
01:22:37,840 --> 01:22:40,991
in his view of characters...
1362
01:22:41,040 --> 01:22:41,950
Tenderness.
1363
01:22:42,000 --> 01:22:45,595
Nothing keeps me here.
If the trip wasn't too costly...
1364
01:22:45,640 --> 01:22:48,712
Listen, we know artists aren't rich.
1365
01:22:49,520 --> 01:22:50,669
Come on, young man,
1366
01:22:50,720 --> 01:22:54,156
big decisions should be made
in front of small bottles.
1367
01:22:54,200 --> 01:22:56,555
I'll conclude with a passage
1368
01:22:56,600 --> 01:22:59,478
from an essay by Claude Sautet
about Le jour se lève:/i
1369
01:23:00,040 --> 01:23:02,474
The film was shot in 1939,
1370
01:23:02,520 --> 01:23:06,069
between the Popular Front's collapse
and the horror of WWII,
1371
01:23:06,720 --> 01:23:11,748
in the fragile no-man's-land
of a studio with Marcel Carné,
1372
01:23:11,840 --> 01:23:14,115
at his sharpest, his most mature,
1373
01:23:14,160 --> 01:23:15,752
the essential cement,
1374
01:23:16,840 --> 01:23:19,877
and Gabin, so handsome
and melancholy.
1375
01:23:20,760 --> 01:23:23,274
Arletty, never more authentic.
1376
01:23:23,320 --> 01:23:24,992
And especially Jules Berry,
1377
01:23:25,040 --> 01:23:28,953
in Le crime de Monsieur Lange,
his greatest role.
1378
01:23:29,000 --> 01:23:31,833
My memory can't shake
those first minutes,
1379
01:23:31,880 --> 01:23:35,429
the dawn light
on that vertical building,
1380
01:23:35,480 --> 01:23:37,710
that ordinary apartment door,
1381
01:23:37,760 --> 01:23:39,830
transformed and sinister,
1382
01:23:39,880 --> 01:23:42,110
beyond which a gunshot is heard.
1383
01:23:43,920 --> 01:23:45,512
Then Gabin's weary voice...
1384
01:23:45,560 --> 01:23:47,312
Look where that got you.
1385
01:23:49,080 --> 01:23:50,991
...and the door opening
1386
01:23:51,040 --> 01:23:53,952
and Berry's body stumbling out
and down the stairs.
1387
01:23:54,880 --> 01:23:58,236
And soon, on that famous image
of Gabin at the window,
1388
01:23:58,280 --> 01:24:00,475
that intimate and fatal voice:
1389
01:24:01,160 --> 01:24:04,277
"And yet, yesterday, remember..."
1390
01:24:04,320 --> 01:24:06,754
that begins
the extraordinary flashback.
1391
01:24:07,960 --> 01:24:10,269
Fads come and go,
and Le jour se lève
1392
01:24:10,320 --> 01:24:13,551
remains a masterpiece
drowned in its obscure fame.
1393
01:24:14,680 --> 01:24:16,671
And so it goes.
1394
01:24:36,840 --> 01:24:38,558
The music was wonderful.
1395
01:24:38,600 --> 01:24:40,477
And there was that theme...
1396
01:24:46,160 --> 01:24:47,878
It's an old Breton theme.
1397
01:24:48,400 --> 01:24:50,960
-What film was that in?
-Port of Shadows.
1398
01:24:51,000 --> 01:24:54,834
I was walking in the streets
with that dog behind me.
1399
01:24:54,880 --> 01:24:56,313
It was that melody.
1400
01:25:16,880 --> 01:25:21,396
Jaubert was probably
the greatest film score composer
1401
01:25:21,440 --> 01:25:22,634
of that time,
1402
01:25:22,720 --> 01:25:25,109
the most diverse, the boldest,
1403
01:25:25,160 --> 01:25:30,632
the one who best understood film
in a very intimate, powerful manner,
1404
01:25:30,680 --> 01:25:32,750
and who best understood
mise-en-scène.
1405
01:25:33,440 --> 01:25:34,668
Goodbye!
1406
01:25:34,720 --> 01:25:36,950
Showing excerpts from L'Atalante
1407
01:25:37,000 --> 01:25:39,753
is a form of tribute to Jean Vigo.
1408
01:25:39,800 --> 01:25:44,271
Between the two,
there is an innate comprehension
1409
01:25:44,320 --> 01:25:51,032
in their way of using music
and sounds to initiate a theme.
1410
01:26:15,240 --> 01:26:17,390
The score of L'Atalante
1411
01:26:17,440 --> 01:26:21,035
was one of the most lyrical
in French cinema of that era.
1412
01:26:34,400 --> 01:26:39,633
It's amazing
how he used orchestra instruments.
1413
01:26:39,680 --> 01:26:43,593
An accordion gets the music started...
1414
01:26:49,720 --> 01:26:52,792
...that yields to a saxophone
1415
01:26:52,840 --> 01:26:56,037
that carries the emotion in the film.
1416
01:27:28,400 --> 01:27:32,188
It's obvious that Jaubert
was in the same vein
1417
01:27:32,240 --> 01:27:34,959
as people like Kurt Weill.
1418
01:28:01,960 --> 01:28:05,270
Maurice Jaubert was 30
when the talkies arrived.
1419
01:28:05,320 --> 01:28:10,474
He was the first composer
to grasp what sound film could offer.
1420
01:28:11,120 --> 01:28:13,714
Unlike many of his colleagues,
1421
01:28:13,760 --> 01:28:17,196
he didn't see the soundtrack
or the actors' voices
1422
01:28:17,240 --> 01:28:19,800
as the composer's enemy.
1423
01:28:37,560 --> 01:28:42,350
Laugh. I know more amazing things
than playing records with a finger.
1424
01:29:11,480 --> 01:29:15,758
He despised the conception of music
that reigned in American studios.
1425
01:29:15,800 --> 01:29:19,918
He didn't think
you should arbitrarily stick
1426
01:29:20,000 --> 01:29:21,672
the same type of orchestra,
1427
01:29:21,720 --> 01:29:25,269
the same type of musical color
or language.
1428
01:29:25,320 --> 01:29:30,348
He believed music should find
the heart of a film.
1429
01:29:37,280 --> 01:29:39,748
It should come in
1430
01:29:39,800 --> 01:29:43,793
when words
can no longer translate emotions.
1431
01:29:43,840 --> 01:29:45,637
Music prolongs them.
1432
01:29:45,680 --> 01:29:48,478
And he pulled it off in all his films.
1433
01:29:48,520 --> 01:29:52,115
There's a moment
when Jaubert is especially striking.
1434
01:29:52,160 --> 01:29:55,994
It's the flashback evoking the waltz
1435
01:29:56,040 --> 01:29:57,792
in Un carnet de bal.
1436
01:30:37,320 --> 01:30:40,232
There's no real theme
in Le jour se lève.
1437
01:30:41,520 --> 01:30:43,238
No melodic motif,
1438
01:30:43,280 --> 01:30:45,953
not an easily detectable one anyway.
1439
01:30:46,000 --> 01:30:47,513
There's a climate.
1440
01:30:54,240 --> 01:30:57,994
Each time, Jaubert would seek
the pulse of the film.
1441
01:30:58,440 --> 01:30:59,919
I say "pulse,"
1442
01:30:59,960 --> 01:31:03,316
because that's what dictated
the score of Le jour se lève,
1443
01:31:03,360 --> 01:31:06,318
based on a beating heart.
1444
01:31:30,120 --> 01:31:34,352
Beneath it can be heard
a sort of Dies Irae,
1445
01:31:34,400 --> 01:31:35,833
but deconstructed.
1446
01:31:55,600 --> 01:31:58,910
It's a model score.
1447
01:31:58,960 --> 01:32:03,556
And Jaubert's death
was a tragic loss.
1448
01:32:03,600 --> 01:32:05,272
He died very young.
1449
01:32:10,320 --> 01:32:13,710
For years, I looked in vain
1450
01:32:13,760 --> 01:32:16,911
for recordings by Jaubert,
1451
01:32:16,960 --> 01:32:18,279
Kosma,
1452
01:32:18,320 --> 01:32:20,356
Auric, and Honegger.
1453
01:32:20,840 --> 01:32:22,432
There was nothing to be found.
1454
01:32:22,480 --> 01:32:26,075
But in the United States,
a huge effort
1455
01:32:26,120 --> 01:32:28,873
had been made in film musicology.
1456
01:32:28,920 --> 01:32:33,789
Very early on, there were
a lot of records available.
1457
01:32:34,280 --> 01:32:40,116
It wasn't until François Truffaut
took a remarkable initiative,
1458
01:32:40,200 --> 01:32:44,432
by having re-recordings made
of Jaubert's music
1459
01:32:44,480 --> 01:32:46,869
for the purposes of his film Adèle H.
1460
01:32:46,920 --> 01:32:48,512
He had re-recordings done,
1461
01:32:48,560 --> 01:32:52,348
thanks to François Porcile
and Patrice Mestral,
1462
01:32:52,400 --> 01:32:55,836
of a series of works,
starting with L'Atalante.
1463
01:33:00,160 --> 01:33:03,948
l still remember
when I first found this record.
1464
01:33:04,000 --> 01:33:08,357
Finally l could listen to the score,
1465
01:33:08,400 --> 01:33:12,439
which is among the most beautiful
of French '30s cinema,
1466
01:33:12,480 --> 01:33:14,436
and of cinema, period.
1467
01:33:35,600 --> 01:33:39,036
To this day,
over half of Maurice Jaubert's work
1468
01:33:39,080 --> 01:33:41,275
still hasn't been recorded
or performed.
1469
01:33:42,280 --> 01:33:46,239
Early on, l had a keen interest
in certain film composers,
1470
01:33:46,280 --> 01:33:52,719
and I realized with what originality
some directors used them,
1471
01:33:52,760 --> 01:33:57,550
favoring the timbre
of one or more solo instruments
1472
01:33:57,600 --> 01:33:59,989
rather than a full orchestra
1473
01:34:00,040 --> 01:34:02,076
so dear to Hollywood.
1474
01:34:02,840 --> 01:34:04,478
Three strong memories:
1475
01:34:04,520 --> 01:34:06,317
the guitar in Jeux interdits,
1476
01:34:06,360 --> 01:34:09,193
the influence of the zither
in The Third Man...
1477
01:34:15,800 --> 01:34:17,233
Why did you scream?
1478
01:34:18,440 --> 01:34:20,396
-Are you scared?
-No.
1479
01:34:28,120 --> 01:34:30,680
The harmonica in Grisbi.
1480
01:34:44,360 --> 01:34:46,874
The incredible sound
of Miles Davis' trumpet
1481
01:34:46,920 --> 01:34:48,797
in Elevator for the Gallows.
1482
01:35:01,440 --> 01:35:05,558
I also discovered how some directors
used classical music,
1483
01:35:05,600 --> 01:35:07,352
as in A Man Escaped.
1484
01:35:45,120 --> 01:35:48,078
l can see nothing similar
in American movies.
1485
01:35:49,160 --> 01:35:52,709
Again, French composers
in the 1930s, '40s,
1486
01:35:52,760 --> 01:35:56,355
'50s, and '60s
were some of the world's finest.
1487
01:35:56,400 --> 01:35:58,550
There are reasons
for such excellence.
1488
01:36:08,680 --> 01:36:13,356
First, most Hollywood directors
had no say in the musical score
1489
01:36:13,400 --> 01:36:16,312
right up into the mid-1950s.
1490
01:36:16,840 --> 01:36:19,434
Conversely,
the big French directors
1491
01:36:19,480 --> 01:36:23,075
worked in harmony
with the composers of their choice.
1492
01:36:23,880 --> 01:36:27,509
The climate and music culture
was totally different.
1493
01:36:29,640 --> 01:36:30,675
Louise...
1494
01:36:32,440 --> 01:36:34,635
-Good luck.
-Thank you, Nanny.
1495
01:36:40,880 --> 01:36:44,475
The Americans were deeply influenced
by romanticism,
1496
01:36:44,520 --> 01:36:47,114
as well as by Bruckner,
Mahler, Brahms,
1497
01:36:47,160 --> 01:36:48,798
and the Vienna school.
1498
01:36:48,840 --> 01:36:53,470
The French were influenced
by Ravel, Debussy, Poulenc,
1499
01:36:53,520 --> 01:36:55,875
and the new Berlin musicians:
1500
01:36:55,920 --> 01:36:57,876
K urt Weill and Paul Dessau.
1501
01:37:00,520 --> 01:37:04,195
They were incredibly talented,
often novel and modern,
1502
01:37:04,240 --> 01:37:05,719
in tune to the films,
1503
01:37:05,760 --> 01:37:07,557
good at counterpoint.
1504
01:37:07,600 --> 01:37:08,999
Yet, they were ignored.
1505
01:37:40,040 --> 01:37:41,519
Do you know that tune?
1506
01:37:42,800 --> 01:37:44,153
No.
1507
01:37:44,200 --> 01:37:45,519
Me neither.
1508
01:37:46,040 --> 01:37:48,235
And l know lots of songs.
1509
01:37:49,240 --> 01:37:50,992
I've heard it before.
1510
01:37:52,080 --> 01:37:53,877
But where and when?
1511
01:37:54,840 --> 01:37:56,478
Joseph Kosma,
1512
01:37:56,520 --> 01:37:59,273
his whole life long,
fought hierarchies
1513
01:37:59,320 --> 01:38:04,235
and a set of values that put
academic music on one side
1514
01:38:04,280 --> 01:38:07,477
and popular music on the other.
1515
01:38:07,520 --> 01:38:11,752
And it's not by chance
that Prévert found in him
1516
01:38:11,800 --> 01:38:14,268
an exceptional composer
1517
01:38:14,320 --> 01:38:19,553
and that many Prévert-Kosma tunes
will remain evergreen classics.
1518
01:38:21,840 --> 01:38:28,757
And the waves come and wash away
1519
01:38:30,400 --> 01:38:36,077
The footprints of lovers
1520
01:38:36,120 --> 01:38:41,194
Gone separate ways
1521
01:38:43,880 --> 01:38:44,995
Music...
1522
01:38:46,040 --> 01:38:50,989
Kosma would discover if not music,
at least the desire to write it
1523
01:38:51,040 --> 01:38:53,713
after spending three to four years
in Berlin
1524
01:38:53,760 --> 01:38:55,273
where he was affected
1525
01:38:55,320 --> 01:38:58,995
by the incredible musical
effervescence there.
1526
01:38:59,040 --> 01:39:02,874
He discovered the works
of Brecht and Kurt Weill.
1527
01:39:02,920 --> 01:39:06,356
Kosma had this first encounter,
which was crucial,
1528
01:39:06,400 --> 01:39:09,358
and he wanted at that moment
to write music
1529
01:39:09,400 --> 01:39:14,599
directly accessible to the public,
to the people,
1530
01:39:14,640 --> 01:39:17,438
born of the people
to return to the people,
1531
01:39:17,480 --> 01:39:20,836
and which, at the same time,
contained a political message.
1532
01:39:38,640 --> 01:39:42,474
Right away he found filmmakers
1533
01:39:42,520 --> 01:39:47,196
who believed that movies
could change things a bit,
1534
01:39:47,240 --> 01:39:50,676
who believed,
as Renoir told me one day,
1535
01:39:50,720 --> 01:39:53,553
you have to make a film thinking
1536
01:39:53,600 --> 01:39:56,114
that you'll change
the course of history.
1537
01:39:56,160 --> 01:39:57,912
You need that arrogance.
1538
01:39:57,960 --> 01:40:02,511
But you also must be humble enough
to think, if you touch two people,
1539
01:40:02,600 --> 01:40:04,716
you've done something extraordinary.
1540
01:40:11,000 --> 01:40:12,877
That's so typical,
1541
01:40:12,920 --> 01:40:15,115
that opening military march,
1542
01:40:15,160 --> 01:40:16,832
which belongs to a genre
1543
01:40:16,880 --> 01:40:20,190
that inspired the people
whom l spoke of before:
1544
01:40:20,240 --> 01:40:22,629
Schubert, Mahler, Kurt Weill...
1545
01:40:22,680 --> 01:40:24,750
The anti-militarist military march.
1546
01:40:25,320 --> 01:40:28,312
It's very representative.
1547
01:40:28,360 --> 01:40:31,432
With Schubert, it's constant.
1548
01:40:33,120 --> 01:40:35,395
You use military music,
1549
01:40:35,440 --> 01:40:41,356
its rhythm and tempo,
and that aspect of immutability,
1550
01:40:41,400 --> 01:40:42,958
which comes at you.
1551
01:40:43,000 --> 01:40:45,309
At the same time, it speaks
1552
01:40:45,360 --> 01:40:49,273
not of mobilizing people,
but the horror of war.
1553
01:41:10,440 --> 01:41:13,477
The end music
left a lasting impression on me,
1554
01:41:13,520 --> 01:41:16,956
the way it suddenly bursts forth.
1555
01:41:17,000 --> 01:41:21,232
It's all the more powerful as Kosma,
like Jaubert,
1556
01:41:21,280 --> 01:41:24,909
doesn't try to put music
on the entire film.
1557
01:41:24,960 --> 01:41:27,269
Maybe it was Renoir's choice, too.
1558
01:41:27,320 --> 01:41:30,676
So when it begins,
it has such power!
1559
01:42:09,040 --> 01:42:11,270
The music wells up here.
1560
01:42:11,320 --> 01:42:17,395
You get the feeling it penetrates
the very heart of Lantier's emotions.
1561
01:42:17,440 --> 01:42:19,556
This music isn't purely dark.
1562
01:42:19,600 --> 01:42:22,717
It tries to introduce
a glimmer of hope.
1563
01:42:27,520 --> 01:42:28,999
Jacques, what's wrong?
1564
01:42:32,880 --> 01:42:34,393
Jacques! Jacques!
1565
01:42:49,800 --> 01:42:52,360
Of course,
there's Children of Paradise.
1566
01:42:53,520 --> 01:42:57,115
Kosma couldn't get credit
for the music in 1944.
1567
01:42:57,160 --> 01:43:00,789
He was Jewish, communist,
and underground.
1568
01:43:01,360 --> 01:43:05,035
But we know Kosma scored
parts of the film:
1569
01:43:05,080 --> 01:43:06,672
all the pantomimes.
1570
01:43:23,240 --> 01:43:27,552
Barrault adapted them for the stage.
The show was a huge success.
1571
01:43:27,600 --> 01:43:31,991
And, in a way, Kosma's music, too,
stood out on its own
1572
01:43:32,040 --> 01:43:36,909
to illustrate a French masterpiece
admired the world over.
1573
01:43:44,840 --> 01:43:48,355
It's very moving to think
that this music,
1574
01:43:48,400 --> 01:43:51,995
with its very French accents and tone
1575
01:43:52,040 --> 01:43:56,556
was written by someone who had
not been French for very long.
1576
01:43:56,600 --> 01:43:57,999
Kosma was completely immersed
1577
01:43:58,040 --> 01:44:00,952
in a typically French,
Parisian spirit.
1578
01:44:01,000 --> 01:44:03,878
The same pretty much goes
for Offenbach.
1579
01:44:05,400 --> 01:44:08,119
Among the films Kosma scored,
1580
01:44:08,160 --> 01:44:11,072
l want to mention
Henri Calef's Bagarres.
1581
01:44:34,240 --> 01:44:39,268
Kosma wrote a beautiful,
very lyrical score.
1582
01:44:49,160 --> 01:44:50,195
Carmelle!
1583
01:44:50,760 --> 01:44:51,749
Open the door!
1584
01:44:54,240 --> 01:44:55,992
Or I'll break it down!
1585
01:44:59,080 --> 01:45:00,911
Do you hear me, Carmelle?
1586
01:45:00,960 --> 01:45:02,359
I'll smash it to pieces.
1587
01:45:03,640 --> 01:45:06,234
With ideas that are modern, too.
1588
01:45:06,320 --> 01:45:08,595
Meaning the music stops.
1589
01:45:08,640 --> 01:45:12,349
There's no music over one
of the most dramatic moments.
1590
01:45:12,400 --> 01:45:13,719
Go to bed.
1591
01:45:15,960 --> 01:45:21,876
Kosma and Renoir first met
during Le crime de Monsieur Lange.
1592
01:45:21,960 --> 01:45:25,589
Yet, Monsieur Lange
was scored by Jean Wiener.
1593
01:45:25,640 --> 01:45:30,077
But Prévert,
who wrote the screenplay,
1594
01:45:30,120 --> 01:45:31,997
also wrote a song,
1595
01:45:32,040 --> 01:45:37,592
and he wanted the song set to music
by his friend Joseph Kosma.
1596
01:45:42,240 --> 01:45:45,550
Day by day
1597
01:45:45,600 --> 01:45:47,795
Night after night
1598
01:45:48,600 --> 01:45:50,079
Under the stars
1599
01:45:51,000 --> 01:45:53,389
That's the way l live
1600
01:45:54,000 --> 01:45:58,437
Where is that star
That I've never seen ?
1601
01:45:58,480 --> 01:46:03,270
"Under the Stars,"
the first Kosma-Prévert song,
1602
01:46:03,320 --> 01:46:05,550
and yet, one of the least cited.
1603
01:46:05,600 --> 01:46:09,559
Day by day
1604
01:46:09,600 --> 01:46:11,989
Night after night
1605
01:46:12,640 --> 01:46:14,278
Under the stars
1606
01:46:15,040 --> 01:46:17,349
That's the way l live
1607
01:46:19,800 --> 01:46:25,352
l often found French crime movies
of the era limp and unexciting.
1608
01:46:25,920 --> 01:46:31,119
Stories of pimps, night clubs,
1609
01:46:31,160 --> 01:46:32,639
rather sordid at that.
1610
01:46:34,360 --> 01:46:37,716
Luckily, there were
Eddie Constantine's films,
1611
01:46:37,760 --> 01:46:40,433
that were a breath of fresh air
1612
01:46:40,480 --> 01:46:43,711
with their humor
and laid-back feeling.
1613
01:46:43,760 --> 01:46:46,228
l loved Eddie Constantine's films.
1614
01:46:46,280 --> 01:46:47,793
I never missed one.
1615
01:46:49,680 --> 01:46:53,036
Cet homme est dangereux
is one of my favorites.
1616
01:46:53,680 --> 01:46:56,319
You can come out now.
The coast is clear.
1617
01:46:58,720 --> 01:47:00,950
Speak French.
People hate subtitles.
1618
01:47:01,000 --> 01:47:03,309
l said, I love the thrill of danger.
1619
01:47:03,360 --> 01:47:05,999
Marvelous dialogue
by Marcel Duhamel.
1620
01:47:06,040 --> 01:47:09,999
Cet homme est dangereux
was directed by Jean Sacha,
1621
01:47:10,040 --> 01:47:12,998
whom l knew well and was fond of.
1622
01:47:13,040 --> 01:47:18,751
Jean Sacha was a cinephile
turned director,
1623
01:47:18,800 --> 01:47:21,872
like Pierre Chenal
and Edmond T. Gréville.
1624
01:47:21,920 --> 01:47:26,277
In the 1930s, he started a magazine
called L'Ami du Film.
1625
01:47:26,720 --> 01:47:30,235
He was also a poster designer
and talented artist
1626
01:47:30,280 --> 01:47:32,874
as these drawings show:
1627
01:47:33,360 --> 01:47:35,032
Joan Crawford,
1628
01:47:35,480 --> 01:47:36,515
Garbo.
1629
01:47:37,040 --> 01:47:39,235
Just a few lines.
1630
01:47:40,160 --> 01:47:42,958
A lovely drawing of Veronica Lake.
1631
01:47:44,760 --> 01:47:48,275
He served as editor to Max Ophuls
and Orson Welles.
1632
01:47:48,800 --> 01:47:50,791
And you sense Welles' influence
1633
01:47:50,840 --> 01:47:53,308
throughout
Cet homme est dangereux,
1634
01:47:53,360 --> 01:47:55,555
shot with short focal lens
1635
01:47:55,600 --> 01:47:58,478
not often used
in French cinema at the time.
1636
01:48:00,040 --> 01:48:03,953
With a rather expressionistic use
of light
1637
01:48:04,000 --> 01:48:06,036
and startling angles.
1638
01:48:11,360 --> 01:48:14,397
Jean Sacha worked very closely
1639
01:48:14,440 --> 01:48:17,716
with a remarkable
yet underrated cameraman,
1640
01:48:17,760 --> 01:48:19,398
Marcel Weiss.
1641
01:48:21,560 --> 01:48:24,791
Sacha didn't like to shoot
with live sound.
1642
01:48:24,840 --> 01:48:27,991
He wanted to recreate the soundtrack
while editing.
1643
01:48:28,040 --> 01:48:32,989
Here, he cut all the sound ambiance,
keeping only the music...
1644
01:48:33,040 --> 01:48:36,828
The music coming from the boat
that fades in and out
1645
01:48:36,880 --> 01:48:40,793
depending on how close he gets
to its source.
1646
01:48:56,920 --> 01:48:58,956
Zero. Nothing on zero.
1647
01:49:00,760 --> 01:49:03,991
The tone here is less parodic.
1648
01:49:04,040 --> 01:49:07,749
Lemmy Caution doesn't always
have a grip on the situation.
1649
01:49:09,880 --> 01:49:11,791
Hey, fellas, nice work.
1650
01:49:11,840 --> 01:49:13,990
Solid, undemanding.
1651
01:49:14,040 --> 01:49:17,999
But they all disappeared
when the check came.
1652
01:49:18,040 --> 01:49:20,076
And you paid cash.
1653
01:49:20,120 --> 01:49:22,759
Many times,
he's heard thinking aloud,
1654
01:49:22,800 --> 01:49:25,394
making delightful voice-over quips...
1655
01:49:25,440 --> 01:49:27,078
What are they doing?
1656
01:49:27,120 --> 01:49:30,078
Have they started reading
Gone with the Wind?
1657
01:49:31,080 --> 01:49:33,389
Just when l'm in a huge hurry.
1658
01:49:33,920 --> 01:49:38,311
...that enable Sacha
to do some subjective camera work
1659
01:49:38,360 --> 01:49:42,592
that was a direct tribute
to Delmer Daves' Dark Passage.
1660
01:49:42,640 --> 01:49:43,993
Make up your mind, Lemmy.
1661
01:49:47,280 --> 01:49:48,554
Courage, Lemmy.
1662
01:49:49,160 --> 01:49:51,230
Thanks, Lemmy, I'll need it.
1663
01:49:52,160 --> 01:49:57,188
What's striking here
is how Sacha films violence.
1664
01:49:57,240 --> 01:49:59,708
How could I know, Lemmy?
I thought...
1665
01:49:59,760 --> 01:50:03,275
Look, you saw
Van Zelten's daughter.
1666
01:50:03,320 --> 01:50:04,673
The mines, the railroads,
the planes...
1667
01:50:04,720 --> 01:50:05,630
The guns.
1668
01:50:05,680 --> 01:50:07,671
One for MacFee.
You owed him one.
1669
01:50:07,720 --> 01:50:09,915
One for me, from a friend.
1670
01:50:13,040 --> 01:50:17,352
The violence is brisk, brutal,
and straightforward.
1671
01:50:26,000 --> 01:50:27,194
Loosen up.
1672
01:50:27,840 --> 01:50:29,398
Think about something else.
1673
01:50:32,800 --> 01:50:34,199
Like Jean Sacha,
1674
01:50:34,240 --> 01:50:36,674
John Berry also worked
with Orson Welles
1675
01:50:36,720 --> 01:50:39,188
at the Mercury Theater as an actor.
1676
01:50:39,240 --> 01:50:41,800
After a fabulous crime film,
1677
01:50:41,840 --> 01:50:43,398
He Ran All the Way,
1678
01:50:43,440 --> 01:50:45,749
suspected of communist sympathies,
1679
01:50:45,800 --> 01:50:48,030
he was blacklisted.
1680
01:50:48,120 --> 01:50:50,475
Unable to work in the US,
1681
01:50:50,520 --> 01:50:55,640
he went into self-exile in Europe
like Dassin, Losey, and Cy Enfield.
1682
01:50:55,680 --> 01:50:58,240
There he shot Ça va barder.
1683
01:51:04,000 --> 01:51:06,036
You piece of shit!
1684
01:51:10,160 --> 01:51:13,550
Thanks to Constantine,
he got credit for the film,
1685
01:51:13,600 --> 01:51:19,277
the first film to defy the blacklist,
one year before Rififi.
1686
01:51:19,640 --> 01:51:20,993
Police.
1687
01:51:21,040 --> 01:51:22,837
What were you doing outside?
1688
01:51:22,880 --> 01:51:24,916
-We had an appointment.
-Here?
1689
01:51:24,960 --> 01:51:27,838
No, at the Paradise at 11:00.
He stood me up.
1690
01:51:27,880 --> 01:51:30,030
He had an excuse.
He was dead.
1691
01:51:31,160 --> 01:51:34,152
-So you were at the Paradise at 11:00?
-At 11:30.
1692
01:51:34,200 --> 01:51:35,349
And before that?
1693
01:51:35,400 --> 01:51:39,109
You must be kidding.
You gonna pin that me?
1694
01:51:39,160 --> 01:51:40,593
Where were you at 11:00?
1695
01:51:40,640 --> 01:51:42,119
In a foot race.
1696
01:51:42,160 --> 01:51:44,993
-Alone, naturally?
-No, behind the bar hostess.
1697
01:51:45,920 --> 01:51:46,955
A comic.
1698
01:51:47,600 --> 01:51:48,794
A comic!
1699
01:51:51,040 --> 01:51:54,669
The hilarious dialogue was written
by Jacques-Laurent Bost,
1700
01:51:54,720 --> 01:51:57,757
Pierre's brother,
co-founder of Les Temps Modernes,
1701
01:51:57,800 --> 01:51:59,995
and Simone de Beauvoir's lover,
1702
01:52:00,040 --> 01:52:02,190
who became his regular collaborator.
1703
01:52:04,720 --> 01:52:06,631
Come in, my man.
1704
01:52:06,680 --> 01:52:09,831
You're not shocked, are you?
Ever seen a naked man?
1705
01:52:09,880 --> 01:52:11,791
Once. In a museum.
1706
01:52:11,840 --> 01:52:14,400
Nothing like a hot bath
for losing weight.
1707
01:52:14,440 --> 01:52:16,829
Your cure's just starting.
1708
01:52:16,880 --> 01:52:21,556
Berry had a way of using sets
and filming that was American,
1709
01:52:21,600 --> 01:52:25,593
aided by the fine photography
of Jacques Lemare,
1710
01:52:25,640 --> 01:52:28,200
another underestimated cameraman.
1711
01:52:33,680 --> 01:52:37,559
Many supporting role actors,
often seen in French films,
1712
01:52:37,600 --> 01:52:40,876
were transfigured here,
cast against type.
1713
01:52:40,920 --> 01:52:43,992
It lent them
splendid color and presence.
1714
01:52:44,040 --> 01:52:45,314
Jean Carmet,
1715
01:52:47,040 --> 01:52:48,598
André Versini,
1716
01:52:50,080 --> 01:52:51,195
Clément Harari.
1717
01:52:51,240 --> 01:52:52,229
Second...
1718
01:52:53,280 --> 01:52:56,670
Fourth floor... linens,
upholstery fabric.
1719
01:52:57,840 --> 01:53:00,354
Jean Danet as the nasty scarface.
1720
01:53:03,920 --> 01:53:05,353
And Berry,
1721
01:53:05,400 --> 01:53:09,234
in one of the best fight scenes
of Constantine's films.
1722
01:53:22,720 --> 01:53:24,631
And especially Roger Saget.
1723
01:53:25,440 --> 01:53:28,716
In jail, can we order out for meals?
1724
01:53:28,760 --> 01:53:30,113
-Sure.
-Swell.
1725
01:53:31,800 --> 01:53:34,553
Constantine continued
an uneven career
1726
01:53:34,600 --> 01:53:39,355
that included some insipid pulp
by Guy Lefranc and Bernard Borderie.
1727
01:53:39,400 --> 01:53:42,278
Luckily, there were
more interesting pics,
1728
01:53:42,320 --> 01:53:44,788
such as John Berry's
Je suis un sentimental,
1729
01:53:44,880 --> 01:53:47,678
Vittorio Cottafavi's Avanzi di galera,
1730
01:53:48,080 --> 01:53:52,596
and the very fine, very unusual,
very touching Lucky Jo.
1731
01:53:53,240 --> 01:53:54,514
What is it, Jo?
1732
01:53:54,560 --> 01:53:56,198
One thing I'd like
1733
01:53:56,240 --> 01:53:59,835
is to sink my teeth
into a juicy green apple.
1734
01:53:59,880 --> 01:54:01,359
Got any in your fridge?
1735
01:54:02,920 --> 01:54:04,956
I've got better. Come on.
1736
01:54:12,640 --> 01:54:14,710
How about cherries
off a cherry tree?
1737
01:54:15,200 --> 01:54:16,155
That'd be swell.
1738
01:54:16,200 --> 01:54:17,792
There's a Iadder over there.
1739
01:54:18,360 --> 01:54:20,635
Careful, don't step on the lettuce.
1740
01:54:23,160 --> 01:54:25,037
What else do you grow?
1741
01:54:25,080 --> 01:54:26,672
A bit of everything.
1742
01:54:26,720 --> 01:54:30,508
Grass, herbs, bay leaf, all that.
1743
01:54:30,560 --> 01:54:32,915
So that's what smells so good.
1744
01:54:36,080 --> 01:54:38,958
Now take your pick of cherries.
1745
01:54:39,000 --> 01:54:41,878
I didn't want it to be
a Constantine-style movie.
1746
01:54:41,920 --> 01:54:45,879
He was delighted.
He was sick of brawls.
1747
01:54:45,920 --> 01:54:48,718
But then the distributers said:
"Okay, you have Constantine,
1748
01:54:48,760 --> 01:54:51,991
but we want lots of brawls
or it's not a 'Constantine.'"
1749
01:54:52,040 --> 01:54:54,713
That amused me,
l'd never done fight scenes.
1750
01:54:54,760 --> 01:54:58,275
But he was crushed. He took the film
because of no fights.
1751
01:54:58,320 --> 01:55:02,029
But we got along well.
I was very fond of him. A sweet guy.
1752
01:55:02,080 --> 01:55:04,753
We can't forget Alphaville,
1753
01:55:04,800 --> 01:55:07,633
which took him to Fassbinder's films.
1754
01:55:08,920 --> 01:55:12,310
lncreasingly, l see the human form
1755
01:55:12,960 --> 01:55:15,110
as a lovers' dialogue.
1756
01:55:15,160 --> 01:55:17,674
The heart has but one mouth.
1757
01:55:18,640 --> 01:55:20,676
Everything by chance.
1758
01:55:21,320 --> 01:55:24,278
All words without thought.
1759
01:55:25,080 --> 01:55:27,594
Feelings adrift.
1760
01:55:28,120 --> 01:55:30,998
Men roam the city.
1761
01:55:36,280 --> 01:55:38,714
When I left boarding school,
1762
01:55:38,760 --> 01:55:41,194
l could finally
go to the movies at will,
1763
01:55:42,720 --> 01:55:46,349
even if I had to skip class
and failed my baccalaureate,
1764
01:55:46,400 --> 01:55:48,960
unlike my friend Volker Schlôndorff.
1765
01:55:49,720 --> 01:55:53,838
l often wrote to François Truffaut,
sometimes to disagree,
1766
01:55:53,880 --> 01:55:57,555
especially about The Searchers,
which he demolished.
1767
01:55:57,600 --> 01:56:01,878
And l expressed the wish
to see him shoot his first feature.
1768
01:56:01,920 --> 01:56:05,833
He answered right away,
a fine show of courtesy,
1769
01:56:05,880 --> 01:56:07,916
and invited me to the set
1770
01:56:07,960 --> 01:56:09,473
on Rue Vaugirard.
1771
01:56:12,240 --> 01:56:13,468
Bravo.
1772
01:56:13,520 --> 01:56:16,557
He was shooting a classroom scene
with Guy Decomble.
1773
01:56:16,600 --> 01:56:18,909
We have a new Juvenal in class.
1774
01:56:18,960 --> 01:56:22,111
But he can't tell an alexandrine
from a decasyllable.
1775
01:56:22,640 --> 01:56:25,029
Doinel, conjugate for tomorrow...
1776
01:56:25,080 --> 01:56:27,116
Go to your seat to take it down.
1777
01:56:29,240 --> 01:56:31,993
In the indicative, conditional,
and subjunctive...
1778
01:56:32,040 --> 01:56:34,156
The rest of you, your notebooks.
1779
01:56:34,200 --> 01:56:36,156
He was gentle and calm,
1780
01:56:36,200 --> 01:56:39,829
a great contrast with Melville.
1781
01:56:39,880 --> 01:56:42,269
“I deface the classroom walls,
1782
01:56:43,400 --> 01:56:47,678
and I mangle French prosody."
1783
01:56:47,720 --> 01:56:52,430
l went to see the film right off.
It was so moving and powerful.
1784
01:56:52,480 --> 01:56:54,948
l was there
on the first day at 2:00 p. m.
1785
01:56:55,000 --> 01:56:56,956
for Shoot the Piano Player.
1786
01:56:57,000 --> 01:57:01,790
Its comical, moving,
and original tone delighted me.
1787
01:57:01,840 --> 01:57:04,434
It's done like this in the movies.
1788
01:57:06,920 --> 01:57:10,071
I went to the movies today.
I saw Torpedoes in Alaska.
1789
01:57:10,120 --> 01:57:11,235
How was it?
1790
01:57:11,280 --> 01:57:14,078
John Wayne shows
the Americans want peace.
1791
01:57:14,120 --> 01:57:16,236
Then Yanks are just like me.
1792
01:57:16,280 --> 01:57:17,474
Making fun of me?
1793
01:57:17,520 --> 01:57:19,795
I'm not making fun, pet.
1794
01:57:21,040 --> 01:57:23,395
I had to put up with the crowd booing,
1795
01:57:23,440 --> 01:57:27,115
outraged by Raoul Coutard's
bold photograph y.
1796
01:57:27,160 --> 01:57:30,835
It's the only film I saw booed
on the Champs Elysées
1797
01:57:30,880 --> 01:57:33,678
with Night of the Hunter
at the Marboeuf.
1798
01:57:33,720 --> 01:57:35,836
Her name was Françoise
1799
01:57:36,480 --> 01:57:39,119
But they called her "Framboise"
1800
01:57:39,160 --> 01:57:42,948
The adjutant had got the idea
Though he had precious few ideas
1801
01:57:43,000 --> 01:57:45,150
She served us drinks
1802
01:57:45,520 --> 01:57:47,988
In the boondocks of Maine-et-Loire
1803
01:57:48,080 --> 01:57:50,548
But she was not Madelon
She had a different name
1804
01:57:50,600 --> 01:57:52,955
And for a start, pinching her chin
Was out of the question
1805
01:57:53,000 --> 01:57:54,115
Besides, she was from Antibes
1806
01:57:54,160 --> 01:57:55,593
What a snub!
1807
01:57:55,640 --> 01:57:57,471
Snub and Raspberry
1808
01:57:58,040 --> 01:58:01,919
I spent most evenings
at the Cinémathèque on Rue d'UIm
1809
01:58:01,960 --> 01:58:06,875
where Henri Langlois' programming
was at once brilliant, erratic,
1810
01:58:06,920 --> 01:58:08,069
almost Dadaist.
1811
01:58:08,120 --> 01:58:10,270
Here‘s where he piles up
the treasures
1812
01:58:10,320 --> 01:58:12,595
for a future film museum.
1813
01:58:12,640 --> 01:58:17,634
Here's where he decides
which film from 1908 or 1924
1814
01:58:17,680 --> 01:58:21,719
you see on Rue d'Ulm
or Avenue Albert de Mun.
1815
01:58:21,760 --> 01:58:23,671
I saw a print of Macao
1816
01:58:23,720 --> 01:58:27,030
by Joseph von Sternberg
with Mitchum
1817
01:58:27,120 --> 01:58:29,634
dubbed in Vietnamese.
1818
01:58:33,200 --> 01:58:36,431
A few years later,
I'd get clubbed by the police
1819
01:58:36,480 --> 01:58:38,960
trying to defend Henri Langlois
1820
01:58:39,000 --> 01:58:43,278
and watched a riot police officer
slowly crush my glasses
1821
01:58:43,320 --> 01:58:45,959
as l tried to get up.
1822
01:58:51,760 --> 01:58:55,958
At the Cinémathèque,
I discovered Malraux's Espoir.
1823
01:59:07,240 --> 01:59:09,754
As well as a surprising,
unknown Duvivier
1824
01:59:09,800 --> 01:59:11,631
which didn't correspond
1825
01:59:11,680 --> 01:59:14,877
to the image I'd been given
of that director.
1826
01:59:15,240 --> 01:59:16,832
The Eiffel Tower...
1827
01:59:26,920 --> 01:59:28,273
The Eiffel Tower...
1828
01:59:31,160 --> 01:59:35,551
It was at the Cinémathèque
during a Louis Daquin retrospective
1829
01:59:35,600 --> 01:59:37,477
that l met Yves Martin,
1830
01:59:37,520 --> 01:59:38,999
a remarkable poet
1831
01:59:39,040 --> 01:59:42,476
who wrote Le Partisan
and Poème Court suivi d‘un Long,
1832
01:59:42,520 --> 01:59:44,033
and Bernard Martinand
1833
01:59:44,080 --> 01:59:46,719
who ended up working with Langlois.
1834
01:59:47,360 --> 01:59:50,397
We founded
the Nickel Odeon film club,
1835
01:59:50,440 --> 01:59:52,271
devoted to American movies.
1836
01:59:52,320 --> 01:59:54,311
We wanted to decide for ourselves,
1837
01:59:54,360 --> 01:59:57,989
not settle for judgments
made 10 - 15 years prior
1838
01:59:58,040 --> 02:00:00,349
or films dismissed
for partisan reasons.
1839
02:00:01,080 --> 02:00:04,390
We'd also discover
a wide variety of films,
1840
02:00:04,440 --> 02:00:06,908
from Jean Rouch's l, a Negro,
1841
02:00:06,960 --> 02:00:10,111
to shorts by Jacques Demy
and Resnais,
1842
02:00:10,160 --> 02:00:13,789
or Le garçon sauvage
by the often criticized director,
1843
02:00:13,840 --> 02:00:16,718
sometimes rightly, Jean Delannoy.
1844
02:00:16,760 --> 02:00:18,716
As Jacques Lourcelles writes,
1845
02:00:18,760 --> 02:00:21,797
"Delannoy describes
with tranquil audacity
1846
02:00:21,840 --> 02:00:24,638
the green paradise
of childhood loves,
1847
02:00:24,680 --> 02:00:29,913
where the mother is the love object
of a demanding son."
1848
02:00:31,160 --> 02:00:33,435
-We'll always be together?
-Always.
1849
02:00:33,480 --> 02:00:35,311
-Just the two of us?
-Just the two of us.
1850
02:00:35,360 --> 02:00:37,430
An extraordinary actor trio
1851
02:00:37,480 --> 02:00:39,994
and a great role for Franck Villard.
1852
02:00:40,040 --> 02:00:42,349
But you know
your mother was pained.
1853
02:00:43,000 --> 02:00:45,798
It didn't bother you
to see she suffered?
1854
02:00:45,840 --> 02:00:48,115
To see she was unhappy?
1855
02:00:48,960 --> 02:00:50,552
A swell son you have.
1856
02:00:52,760 --> 02:00:55,399
You raised him well.
What a disgrace!
1857
02:00:55,440 --> 02:00:57,635
He hardly even deserves parents.
1858
02:00:57,680 --> 02:01:00,319
I'm not an interesting mother.
1859
02:01:00,360 --> 02:01:02,271
But I swear, I care for him.
1860
02:01:02,320 --> 02:01:07,713
I believe you, but as for him,
you're the only person he loves.
1861
02:01:09,280 --> 02:01:12,955
He told you he fell in the water
one night, by accident.
1862
02:01:14,000 --> 02:01:15,433
It's not true.
1863
02:01:16,480 --> 02:01:19,199
He told me the truth
just an hour ago.
1864
02:01:20,000 --> 02:01:21,274
My little boy...
1865
02:01:21,320 --> 02:01:24,517
That's what love is when you're 11.
1866
02:01:25,760 --> 02:01:26,875
My darling.
1867
02:01:34,160 --> 02:01:37,072
There are children
you have to make into men.
1868
02:01:37,120 --> 02:01:39,714
He's rather the opposite:
1869
02:01:39,760 --> 02:01:42,035
a man you have to make into a kid.
1870
02:01:43,320 --> 02:01:45,390
The door closes on the Algerian.
1871
02:01:45,440 --> 02:01:48,989
Don't go away.
October 17 continues.
1872
02:01:49,040 --> 02:01:52,794
After many incidents, we finally
managed to see Octobre à Paris,
1873
02:01:52,840 --> 02:01:56,753
about the crackdown
on the Algerian demonstration in 1961
1874
02:01:56,800 --> 02:01:59,155
that they tried to ban.
1875
02:02:00,080 --> 02:02:01,433
But on February 8,
1876
02:02:01,480 --> 02:02:05,598
I witnessed a policeman
who had voluntarily killed.
1877
02:02:05,640 --> 02:02:10,475
For we were into politics,
contrary to the myth about cinephiles.
1878
02:02:10,520 --> 02:02:14,718
That night, the police
closed theaters showing it
1879
02:02:14,760 --> 02:02:16,637
and cordoned off the area.
1880
02:02:17,480 --> 02:02:20,597
We finally saw the film at a film club
1881
02:02:20,640 --> 02:02:22,596
specialized in Chinese cinema.
1882
02:02:23,760 --> 02:02:26,479
There Bernard Martinand
took us to sheds
1883
02:02:26,520 --> 02:02:30,115
filled with thousands of cans of film.
1884
02:02:30,160 --> 02:02:33,835
A small distributor, EG Muller,
collected them
1885
02:02:33,880 --> 02:02:36,758
to destroy them
and turn them into combs.
1886
02:02:37,240 --> 02:02:42,109
He readily agreed
to sell us the titles we wanted.
1887
02:02:42,160 --> 02:02:45,948
That's how we bought
the French version
1888
02:02:46,000 --> 02:02:49,436
of Samuel Fuller's first film,
l Shot Jesse James,
1889
02:02:49,480 --> 02:02:51,994
a totally zany Ulmer
1890
02:02:52,040 --> 02:02:53,632
shot in Super-Cinecolor:
1891
02:02:53,720 --> 02:02:55,870
Babes in Bagdad,
1892
02:02:55,920 --> 02:02:58,434
and two nitrate prints,
1893
02:02:58,480 --> 02:03:00,755
in other words, inflammable,
1894
02:03:00,800 --> 02:03:03,792
of two major
Edmond T. Gréville films:
1895
02:03:03,840 --> 02:03:06,195
Pour une nuit d'amour,
and Le diable souffle.
1896
02:03:06,920 --> 02:03:09,150
Very early on, I was 19,
1897
02:03:09,200 --> 02:03:14,035
I was attuned to the problem
of film survival and preservation.
1898
02:03:14,080 --> 02:03:18,676
The subject was never broached
in the movie magazines l read.
1899
02:03:18,720 --> 02:03:22,269
It was those two films that we saved
1900
02:03:22,320 --> 02:03:26,074
that introduced me
to Edmond T. Gréville's work.
1901
02:03:31,960 --> 02:03:34,952
As she leaves,
grab her by the arm...
1902
02:03:35,000 --> 02:03:37,468
The prince of fringe directors.
1903
02:03:37,520 --> 02:03:40,671
This pastor's son spent his career
1904
02:03:40,720 --> 02:03:42,870
shuttling between
France and England
1905
02:03:43,280 --> 02:03:46,113
and shooting films the world over.
1906
02:03:46,640 --> 02:03:49,279
When l met him with a few friends,
1907
02:03:49,320 --> 02:03:52,471
he had trouble completing
his personal projects
1908
02:03:52,520 --> 02:03:54,590
like La Dame de Monsoreau.
1909
02:03:54,640 --> 02:03:56,073
He was broke.
1910
02:03:56,120 --> 02:04:00,033
Sometimes I had to lend him money,
and l was just a student.
1911
02:04:02,320 --> 02:04:04,959
How sad to leave all this already.
1912
02:04:05,040 --> 02:04:09,192
Gréville's best films
are full of ideas.
1913
02:04:16,360 --> 02:04:18,715
Remous is staggeringly bold.
1914
02:04:18,760 --> 02:04:21,354
The subject: sexual impotence.
1915
02:04:21,400 --> 02:04:26,110
The hero played by Jean Galland
becomes impotent after a car crash.
1916
02:04:30,040 --> 02:04:34,238
The film analyzes
the consequences of such impotence.
1917
02:04:34,320 --> 02:04:39,110
And it does so with compassion
and care for the characters.
1918
02:04:39,200 --> 02:04:42,158
Both for the character of the wife,
1919
02:04:42,200 --> 02:04:45,636
a sexually frustrated woman
played by Jeanne Boitel,
1920
02:04:45,680 --> 02:04:46,908
and for the husband.
1921
02:04:47,480 --> 02:04:53,396
In fact, desire and sexual frustration
as well as voyeurism
1922
02:04:53,440 --> 02:04:58,150
are the driving themes
of nearly all of Gréville's films.
1923
02:04:58,200 --> 02:05:00,191
Let's go home.
1924
02:05:04,440 --> 02:05:08,991
His directing style
blends a deep love for silent films
1925
02:05:09,040 --> 02:05:12,669
with very modern ideas for shots,
moments of searing intensity...
1926
02:05:26,680 --> 02:05:29,797
"Image play”
as you might say word play.
1927
02:05:29,840 --> 02:05:33,992
This lends them
an absolutely inimitable tone.
1928
02:05:37,680 --> 02:05:39,159
I love you.
1929
02:05:40,720 --> 02:05:42,950
You're the only one I ever loved.
1930
02:05:44,160 --> 02:05:46,435
I'll never love anyone but you.
1931
02:05:49,400 --> 02:05:51,675
I've never doubted it, Jeanne.
1932
02:05:53,160 --> 02:05:54,434
You hear me?
1933
02:05:56,160 --> 02:05:57,309
Never.
1934
02:05:59,880 --> 02:06:00,835
Never.
1935
02:06:34,880 --> 02:06:36,233
Henri!
1936
02:06:43,160 --> 02:06:46,038
One mustn't overlook Menaces,
1937
02:06:46,080 --> 02:06:48,992
which remains
one of his most personal,
1938
02:06:49,080 --> 02:06:50,593
successful films.
1939
02:06:58,880 --> 02:07:00,871
Hitler's speeches heard throughout
1940
02:07:00,920 --> 02:07:03,593
are all contemporaneous
with the film.
1941
02:07:12,160 --> 02:07:16,153
You have foreign Iodgers,
but decent folk. Elsewhere, look out.
1942
02:07:16,200 --> 02:07:18,270
-Why's that?
-Because of events.
1943
02:07:18,320 --> 02:07:19,514
The tensions in Europe.
1944
02:07:19,560 --> 02:07:23,109
Here, French and foreigners
form one big family.
1945
02:07:24,920 --> 02:07:26,069
Why, Mademoiselle Denise...
1946
02:07:26,120 --> 02:07:30,671
Menaces tells the story
of refugees stuck in a hotel.
1947
02:07:30,720 --> 02:07:34,110
There are IItalians, French,
and British,
1948
02:07:34,160 --> 02:07:38,392
and Dr. Hoffman
played by Eric von Stroheim.
1949
02:07:38,440 --> 02:07:39,668
To say the least,
1950
02:07:39,720 --> 02:07:43,235
especially in Mr. Hoffman‘s case,
without family or country,
1951
02:07:43,280 --> 02:07:45,510
an exile with a mutilated face.
1952
02:07:45,560 --> 02:07:48,154
Stroheim was Gréville's god.
1953
02:07:48,200 --> 02:07:52,079
He'd wanted him to play the director
in Marchand d'Amour.
1954
02:07:52,120 --> 02:07:55,510
So he was thrilled
to be able to work with him.
1955
02:07:55,560 --> 02:07:57,994
Stroheim arrived and declared,
1956
02:07:58,040 --> 02:08:01,157
"I'd like the character
to be a legless cripple
1957
02:08:01,200 --> 02:08:05,079
that kids hoist up
to the seventh floor."
1958
02:08:05,120 --> 02:08:06,394
Gréville was appalled.
1959
02:08:06,440 --> 02:08:09,557
He couldn't deal
with a cripple the whole film.
1960
02:08:10,000 --> 02:08:12,230
He had a flash of inspiration.
1961
02:08:12,760 --> 02:08:14,751
He said to Stroheim,
1962
02:08:14,800 --> 02:08:16,916
"I've got a better idea.
1963
02:08:17,000 --> 02:08:19,355
Your face has been damaged,
1964
02:08:19,400 --> 02:08:22,073
half of it destroyed in WWI,
1965
02:08:22,120 --> 02:08:27,194
and you wear a mask
to cover that part of your face.
1966
02:08:27,240 --> 02:08:30,277
It's a little like a Janus mask:
1967
02:08:30,320 --> 02:08:33,869
one side is war, the other is peace."
1968
02:08:33,920 --> 02:08:37,674
Stroheim loved the idea
and forgot about the cripple.
1969
02:08:37,720 --> 02:08:39,073
Tomorrow,
1970
02:08:40,480 --> 02:08:44,519
the sky will be rent
by airplanes, bombs,
1971
02:08:44,560 --> 02:08:47,393
attacks, explosions of shrapnel.
1972
02:08:48,680 --> 02:08:52,389
A sky full of steel, fire,
1973
02:08:53,200 --> 02:08:54,952
and poison gas.
1974
02:08:55,000 --> 02:08:56,228
But l want to live!
1975
02:08:58,360 --> 02:08:59,998
To live,
1976
02:09:01,240 --> 02:09:03,629
you must be able to love.
1977
02:09:03,680 --> 02:09:07,992
Menaces is the only French film
openly against Munich.
1978
02:09:08,040 --> 02:09:13,160
The negative was saved
by LTC Iab employees who buried it
1979
02:09:13,200 --> 02:09:15,714
and prevented its destruction.
1980
02:09:15,760 --> 02:09:17,990
At Liberation, Gréville figured,
1981
02:09:18,040 --> 02:09:21,794
since he was the last
to make a movie before the war,
1982
02:09:21,840 --> 02:09:24,559
he'd make the first movie
after Liberation,
1983
02:09:24,600 --> 02:09:25,953
and he shot an epilogue.
1984
02:09:26,000 --> 02:09:31,472
But all the actors who played
resistance fighters, the antifascists,
1985
02:09:31,520 --> 02:09:35,718
were in jail or banned from working
for collaboration. All of them!
1986
02:09:36,280 --> 02:09:38,794
Ginette Leclerc, Jean Galland...
1987
02:09:38,840 --> 02:09:41,559
So he chose
the daughter of a concierge
1988
02:09:41,600 --> 02:09:47,516
who looked like Ginette Leclerc
and used her.
1989
02:09:52,280 --> 02:09:55,955
At Liberation, he undertook
a very personal work,
1990
02:09:56,000 --> 02:09:57,115
Le diable souffle.
1991
02:09:57,160 --> 02:09:58,229
The wind,
1992
02:09:59,040 --> 02:10:02,032
this cold wind from the Pyrenees,
1993
02:10:02,080 --> 02:10:05,197
which churns up the sky
and reeds as it blows,
1994
02:10:05,880 --> 02:10:08,997
this is the main character
of our story.
1995
02:10:09,840 --> 02:10:11,273
But there are others...
1996
02:10:11,320 --> 02:10:13,470
Another story of sexual frustration,
1997
02:10:13,520 --> 02:10:15,988
between two men and a woman,
1998
02:10:16,040 --> 02:10:19,555
confined to an isolated place,
another Gréville obsession.
1999
02:10:19,600 --> 02:10:22,194
Here it's an island
threatened by flood.
2000
02:10:22,240 --> 02:10:25,357
As the proverb
Gréville made up goes,
2001
02:10:25,400 --> 02:10:29,552
"Woman is fire, man is oakum,
and the devil blows."
2002
02:10:29,600 --> 02:10:32,239
It was a very low-budget production.
2003
02:10:32,280 --> 02:10:34,589
The Rhone wasn't running high.
2004
02:10:34,680 --> 02:10:38,719
Gréville and Alekan
came up with some tricks
2005
02:10:38,760 --> 02:10:40,432
to make us believe a flood.
2006
02:10:40,480 --> 02:10:42,914
They planted trees,
2007
02:10:42,960 --> 02:10:45,918
and as the shoot progressed,
they cut them.
2008
02:10:45,960 --> 02:10:49,953
The water wasn't rising,
the trees were shrinking.
2009
02:11:01,480 --> 02:11:03,516
I did what I could.
2010
02:11:05,400 --> 02:11:06,833
She's dead.
2011
02:11:14,560 --> 02:11:16,280
Dead...
2012
02:11:16,320 --> 02:11:17,958
The devil has blown.
2013
02:11:19,600 --> 02:11:20,953
She's gone.
2014
02:11:22,880 --> 02:11:24,108
Murderer!
2015
02:11:50,440 --> 02:11:52,431
Paradoxically, it's easier
2016
02:11:52,480 --> 02:11:54,630
to see the films shot in England,
2017
02:11:54,680 --> 02:11:57,877
some of which are excellent.
2018
02:11:57,920 --> 02:11:59,353
For instance, Brief Ecstasy,
2019
02:11:59,400 --> 02:12:01,152
that Graham Greene championed,
2020
02:12:01,200 --> 02:12:02,269
Secret Lives,
2021
02:12:02,320 --> 02:12:05,232
and especially Noose, a film noir
2022
02:12:05,280 --> 02:12:09,034
that's incredibly inventive,
visually speaking.
2023
02:12:16,360 --> 02:12:19,352
Talking with passionate
young cinephiles
2024
02:12:19,400 --> 02:12:20,992
and seeing his films,
2025
02:12:21,040 --> 02:12:25,352
boosted Gréville
and gave him new energy.
2026
02:12:26,360 --> 02:12:29,397
He undertook two new films,
2027
02:12:29,440 --> 02:12:31,954
Les menteurs, not bad,
and L'Accident,
2028
02:12:32,000 --> 02:12:34,560
wrote an original screenplay,
2029
02:12:34,600 --> 02:12:36,511
and started writing his memoirs,
2030
02:12:36,560 --> 02:12:39,518
his fascinating, comical memoirs.
2031
02:12:39,560 --> 02:12:43,951
But unfortunately,
he died prematurely.
2032
02:12:44,640 --> 02:12:48,349
My friends from the Nickel Odeon
all had to chip in
2033
02:12:48,400 --> 02:12:50,197
to pay for his funeral.
2034
02:12:51,440 --> 02:12:53,431
And when the news came out,
2035
02:12:53,480 --> 02:12:57,155
we got a very moving letter
from René Clair
2036
02:12:57,200 --> 02:12:59,998
who spoke very highly of Gréville,
2037
02:13:00,040 --> 02:13:02,793
expressed his admiration,
2038
02:13:02,840 --> 02:13:06,355
reminded us that he'd directed him
in Sous les toits de Paris,
2039
02:13:06,400 --> 02:13:08,197
and sent us a check.
2040
02:13:09,560 --> 02:13:11,551
Decades later,
2041
02:13:11,600 --> 02:13:14,910
I was finally able
to publish his memoirs,
2042
02:13:14,960 --> 02:13:16,439
unfortunately incomplete,
2043
02:13:16,480 --> 02:13:19,836
and the first novel
he wrote at age 19,
2044
02:13:19,880 --> 02:13:21,996
Supprimé par I'Ascenseur.
2045
02:13:28,960 --> 02:13:31,713
Here, as they tell it in Montmartre,
2046
02:13:31,760 --> 02:13:33,159
is the strange story of...
2047
02:13:40,560 --> 02:13:44,553
In Lyon, there was a theater
called Le Club
2048
02:13:44,600 --> 02:13:46,670
where l discovered Bob le Flambeur.
2049
02:13:46,720 --> 02:13:48,756
The theater was particular
2050
02:13:48,800 --> 02:13:52,236
in that it had a strip tease number
at intermission.
2051
02:13:52,280 --> 02:13:54,555
I went back three times that week,
2052
02:13:54,600 --> 02:13:57,910
not just for the strip tease,
which was pretty basic.
2053
02:13:57,960 --> 02:14:02,954
A girl took off her clothes
on a shabby little stage.
2054
02:14:03,000 --> 02:14:04,956
She was sitting on a chair...
2055
02:14:05,360 --> 02:14:07,874
But the film made
a big impression on me.
2056
02:14:07,920 --> 02:14:12,277
The voice-over narration by Melville
had me hooked from the start.
2057
02:14:12,320 --> 02:14:15,949
The story begins in those minutes
between night and day,
2058
02:14:16,920 --> 02:14:18,717
by the dawn's early light.
2059
02:14:19,360 --> 02:14:22,033
Montmartre is both heaven and...
2060
02:14:28,360 --> 02:14:32,751
The shots of daybreak over Pigalle
had me hooked.
2061
02:14:32,800 --> 02:14:33,755
...hell.
2062
02:14:39,720 --> 02:14:41,915
The neons are about to go out.
2063
02:14:47,240 --> 02:14:49,993
People pass one another,
forever strangers.
2064
02:14:50,040 --> 02:14:52,634
Working people,
like this cleaning lady,
2065
02:14:52,680 --> 02:14:54,193
who's very Iate.
2066
02:14:54,240 --> 02:14:59,712
And idlers, like this young girl
way ahead of her years.
2067
02:15:03,640 --> 02:15:08,111
With time, l came to think
Bob le Flambeur was overrated.
2068
02:15:10,360 --> 02:15:14,433
A few unusual scenes, like the casing
of the Deauville casino,
2069
02:15:14,480 --> 02:15:17,233
filmed in real time
without back projection,
2070
02:15:19,240 --> 02:15:24,030
the casual feeling created
by the offhand tone of the narration,
2071
02:15:24,080 --> 02:15:28,995
that made up for Auguste
Le Breton's mediocre dialogue,
2072
02:15:29,040 --> 02:15:31,838
and a rather conventional screenplay.
2073
02:15:33,040 --> 02:15:35,156
There was the charm
of Roger Duchêne,
2074
02:15:35,200 --> 02:15:38,476
whose life resembled Bob's,
2075
02:15:38,520 --> 02:15:41,318
and the stunning presence
of Isabelle Corey,
2076
02:15:41,360 --> 02:15:43,590
sexy and innocent...
2077
02:15:43,640 --> 02:15:45,039
l don't need a guardian.
2078
02:15:45,080 --> 02:15:46,798
Just a spanking.
2079
02:15:46,840 --> 02:15:47,795
...and perverse.
2080
02:15:47,840 --> 02:15:50,593
It's dangerous to listen
to a sidewalk Romeo.
2081
02:15:50,640 --> 02:15:52,790
Defending widows and orphans?
2082
02:15:52,840 --> 02:15:55,434
One more crack
and you'll get your spanking.
2083
02:15:55,480 --> 02:15:57,072
Dare you!
2084
02:16:02,600 --> 02:16:05,990
Deux hommes dans Manhattan
sent us into even greater raptures.
2085
02:16:06,040 --> 02:16:09,999
Again, the charm and beauty
of a few nighttime shots,
2086
02:16:10,040 --> 02:16:13,112
a couple of them filmed
by François Reichenbach,
2087
02:16:13,840 --> 02:16:18,550
the tracking shot highlighting
Christian Chevalier's lovely song,
2088
02:16:18,600 --> 02:16:21,717
shot on the main sound stage
of Jenner Studios,
2089
02:16:21,760 --> 02:16:27,278
were disserved by a mediocre script
with a string of red herrings.
2090
02:16:45,040 --> 02:16:48,635
Narrative freedom was confused
with the lack of a script.
2091
02:16:49,240 --> 02:16:53,119
The performance by Melville,
a dubious actor...
2092
02:16:54,480 --> 02:16:56,835
...made the film
even more amateurish.
2093
02:16:56,880 --> 02:16:59,348
Three-quarters of it
was shot in Paris.
2094
02:17:04,880 --> 02:17:08,350
l wrote an outrageous piece
about Deux hommes dans Manhattan
2095
02:17:08,400 --> 02:17:12,871
in the magazine we started
at the Sorbonne: L'Etrave.
2096
02:17:12,920 --> 02:17:17,038
Other contributors included
Frédéric Vitoux,
2097
02:17:17,080 --> 02:17:19,310
who joined the Académie Française,
2098
02:17:19,360 --> 02:17:20,395
and René Cleitman,
2099
02:17:20,880 --> 02:17:24,190
who would produce
Life and Nothing But and Fresh Bait.
2100
02:17:25,400 --> 02:17:28,472
I used the article
to contact Melville,
2101
02:17:28,520 --> 02:17:33,389
who greeted me in his studios
at 25B rue Jenner.
2102
02:17:33,440 --> 02:17:36,716
An extraordinarily powerful moment.
2103
02:17:39,000 --> 02:17:42,276
He was the first director l'd met.
2104
02:17:42,320 --> 02:17:44,959
And he had his own studios.
2105
02:17:45,000 --> 02:17:46,831
I'd spend many months there,
2106
02:17:46,880 --> 02:17:50,919
waiting hours in the small offices
to the right as you enter.
2107
02:17:50,960 --> 02:17:54,270
Through this window,
I'd see Melville arriving,
2108
02:17:54,320 --> 02:17:56,311
three or four hours late,
2109
02:17:56,360 --> 02:17:58,555
broken up by reassuring phone calls.
2110
02:17:58,600 --> 02:18:00,397
"l'm coming, buddy, don't move."
2111
02:18:05,720 --> 02:18:09,599
To make up for it, he'd drive me
around Paris in his American car,
2112
02:18:09,640 --> 02:18:12,996
raising and Iowering
the electric windows.
2113
02:18:14,120 --> 02:18:16,236
We'd go see a movie or two,
2114
02:18:16,280 --> 02:18:20,592
then after dinner he'd take me
up to Montmartre or Pigalle,
2115
02:18:20,640 --> 02:18:22,039
like the cops in Le Doulos,
2116
02:18:22,080 --> 02:18:25,390
showing me high spots of crime
or resistance.
2117
02:18:25,440 --> 02:18:27,874
He was a great storyteller.
2118
02:18:35,480 --> 02:18:37,198
He was an insomniac
2119
02:18:37,240 --> 02:18:40,596
and never got me home
before 3:00 or 4:00 in the morning.
2120
02:18:41,360 --> 02:18:44,397
He wanted to form my film education.
2121
02:18:44,440 --> 02:18:47,034
He'd impress me or rebuff me.
2122
02:18:47,720 --> 02:18:49,551
"Raoul Walsh is crap,
2123
02:18:49,600 --> 02:18:51,955
except Strawberry Blonde,
a masterpiece."
2124
02:18:52,000 --> 02:18:56,835
He had two categories of films,
crap and masterpieces.
2125
02:18:57,400 --> 02:19:00,676
He seemed to enjoy
having young cinephiles
2126
02:19:00,720 --> 02:19:02,711
at his disposal night and day.
2127
02:19:05,040 --> 02:19:08,157
Jean-Pierre Melville
went to see my parents
2128
02:19:08,200 --> 02:19:10,760
to talk them
into letting me make movies.
2129
02:19:11,040 --> 02:19:12,996
Claude Sautet did the same.
2130
02:19:13,280 --> 02:19:15,430
They were my two movie godfathers.
2131
02:19:15,480 --> 02:19:18,438
And Melville even gave me
my first job:
2132
02:19:18,480 --> 02:19:21,199
intern on Leon Morin, Priest.
2133
02:19:23,400 --> 02:19:26,358
l became
Volker Schlôndorff's assistant,
2134
02:19:26,400 --> 02:19:29,710
as he'd been promoted
to first assistant on the film,
2135
02:19:29,760 --> 02:19:33,912
and Melville even asked him
to play a bit part,
2136
02:19:33,960 --> 02:19:35,757
like here, a German soldier.
2137
02:19:35,800 --> 02:19:36,710
I didn't see...
2138
02:19:36,760 --> 02:19:39,638
Yes, yes, and then always sabotage
with the train.
2139
02:19:39,680 --> 02:19:44,629
It was a thrilling experience,
but often a nightmare.
2140
02:19:49,600 --> 02:19:53,388
He'd humiliate members of the crew
in public,
2141
02:19:53,440 --> 02:19:57,115
like the set designer,
in front of everyone,
2142
02:19:57,200 --> 02:19:59,953
by slashing wallpaper he didn't like.
2143
02:20:00,720 --> 02:20:05,236
He chewed me out
for recommending Moonfleet to him.
2144
02:20:05,280 --> 02:20:08,670
Henri Decaë whispered to me,
"You're right."
2145
02:20:11,000 --> 02:20:14,117
He'd often fall out
with actors he'd adored.
2146
02:20:14,160 --> 02:20:16,071
With Belmondo,
during L'Aîné des Ferchaux.
2147
02:20:16,120 --> 02:20:17,553
It's 12:45 now.
2148
02:20:17,600 --> 02:20:20,797
He's right. Having us come
when nothing is ready!
2149
02:20:20,840 --> 02:20:23,115
Waste of time.
We're not stooges!
2150
02:20:23,160 --> 02:20:24,798
I'm fed up, too, Mr. Melville!
2151
02:20:24,840 --> 02:20:27,354
I've had it. Up to here!
2152
02:20:27,400 --> 02:20:29,197
-l'm no stooge.
-And l am ?
2153
02:20:29,240 --> 02:20:31,834
I'm kept waiting.
Yesterday it was 8:00 to 11:00.
2154
02:20:31,880 --> 02:20:33,108
Think l enjoy it?
2155
02:20:33,160 --> 02:20:35,913
You were in your bathtub.
l'm not stupid.
2156
02:20:35,960 --> 02:20:37,109
- When ?
-Yesterday.
2157
02:20:37,160 --> 02:20:40,948
l wait while Mr. Melville
looks for his cuff links!
2158
02:20:41,000 --> 02:20:43,673
-What?
-I've had it with big shots!
2159
02:20:43,720 --> 02:20:46,678
With Lino Ventura
in Army of Shadows,
2160
02:20:46,720 --> 02:20:49,996
they only spoke
through the assistant.
2161
02:20:50,040 --> 02:20:53,919
l was present
at a number of scenes like this...
2162
02:20:53,960 --> 02:20:56,918
Melville: "Mr. Pellegrin,
2163
02:20:56,960 --> 02:21:01,670
please ask Mr. Ventura to enter
and hang his hat on the peg."
2164
02:21:01,720 --> 02:21:03,995
Georges Pellegrin
would take two steps
2165
02:21:04,040 --> 02:21:07,400
and repeat what Ventura
had just heard.
2166
02:21:07,440 --> 02:21:10,716
"Mr. Pellegrin,
please ask Mr. Melville
2167
02:21:10,760 --> 02:21:15,038
if I should hang up my coat
as well as my hat."
2168
02:21:15,080 --> 02:21:18,789
They arrived during the night.
There was no one when I went by.
2169
02:21:18,840 --> 02:21:22,628
It's a miracle
the film didn't suffer for a second.
2170
02:21:22,680 --> 02:21:24,557
I'd almost say, on the contrary.
2171
02:21:24,600 --> 02:21:26,955
Everything is ready
for the interrogation.
2172
02:21:27,040 --> 02:21:29,793
I set out a table and chairs.
2173
02:21:29,840 --> 02:21:31,512
We're not here for a trial.
2174
02:21:31,560 --> 02:21:33,278
We're here for this.
2175
02:21:33,320 --> 02:21:35,550
Still, he had a huge influence on me.
2176
02:21:35,600 --> 02:21:39,275
It was fascinating to watch him
plan reverse angle shots
2177
02:21:39,320 --> 02:21:41,197
with maniacal precision.
2178
02:21:41,240 --> 02:21:43,151
For instance in Leon Morin, Priest.
2179
02:21:44,200 --> 02:21:46,316
Your hands are still pure,
aren't they?
2180
02:21:49,200 --> 02:21:50,076
No.
2181
02:21:51,600 --> 02:21:52,794
No, Father.
2182
02:21:52,840 --> 02:21:55,229
Your body is the temple
of the Holy Ghost.
2183
02:21:56,240 --> 02:21:57,992
You owe it the utmost respect.
2184
02:22:00,320 --> 02:22:02,197
Isn't the human body wondrous?
2185
02:22:02,240 --> 02:22:03,389
Yes.
2186
02:22:03,440 --> 02:22:05,032
Then you mustn't abuse it.
2187
02:22:06,000 --> 02:22:07,479
You will cease your depravity?
2188
02:22:07,520 --> 02:22:08,839
I will.
2189
02:22:10,080 --> 02:22:12,150
Are you kind at the office?
2190
02:22:12,760 --> 02:22:15,479
The girls hate me for converting.
2191
02:22:15,520 --> 02:22:18,637
Melville used the shot-reverse shot.
2192
02:22:18,680 --> 02:22:22,559
He said, "It may not be modern,
but it sure does the job."
2193
02:22:22,600 --> 02:22:25,433
And he wasn't sloppy about it,
2194
02:22:25,480 --> 02:22:30,349
he used it with a precision
unseen with any other director.
2195
02:22:31,080 --> 02:22:34,152
If he were to do
a shot-reverse shot on us,
2196
02:22:34,200 --> 02:22:38,637
he‘d measure the distance
between the Iens and your eye.
2197
02:22:38,680 --> 02:22:40,511
58 centimeters.
2198
02:22:40,560 --> 02:22:42,312
For the reverse shot,
2199
02:22:42,360 --> 02:22:46,592
I'd have to be exactly
58 centimeters away:
2200
02:22:46,640 --> 02:22:48,949
the eye in the center of the camera,
2201
02:22:49,000 --> 02:22:52,197
so that our looks could really meet.
2202
02:22:52,240 --> 02:22:55,357
And then there was the width
of the shots,
2203
02:22:56,120 --> 02:22:59,317
which he carefully chose.
2204
02:22:59,360 --> 02:23:03,558
And suddenly,
taking this shot-reverse shot cliché,
2205
02:23:03,600 --> 02:23:07,229
the dumbest way
to work out a scene,
2206
02:23:07,280 --> 02:23:08,998
he made it into an art.
2207
02:23:09,040 --> 02:23:12,316
From the Avenue Mozart job.
You were behind it.
2208
02:23:15,640 --> 02:23:17,949
You're misinformed.
I had nothing to do with it.
2209
02:23:18,560 --> 02:23:20,073
I make enough money.
2210
02:23:20,120 --> 02:23:21,109
I don't care.
2211
02:23:21,960 --> 02:23:25,396
l have the jewels.
I need a certain sum of money.
2212
02:23:27,000 --> 02:23:29,195
I'd gladly help you out.
2213
02:23:30,560 --> 02:23:32,198
You don't even have to...
2214
02:23:36,040 --> 02:23:38,156
Who did you phone just now?
2215
02:23:39,040 --> 02:23:40,359
The cemetery.
2216
02:23:40,400 --> 02:23:43,073
To reserve a plot,
in case you don't behave.
2217
02:23:48,720 --> 02:23:53,157
He used his studio masterfully,
aside from the stages.
2218
02:23:53,200 --> 02:23:54,599
There wasn't a single space
2219
02:23:54,640 --> 02:23:57,200
that wasn't filmed
at least three or four times.
2220
02:23:57,240 --> 02:24:00,152
This corridor along the bar
2221
02:24:00,200 --> 02:24:03,795
is transformed
into an American hospital.
2222
02:24:12,000 --> 02:24:15,310
The studio door
serves as building entrance
2223
02:24:15,360 --> 02:24:17,635
again in Deux hommes
dans Manhattan,
2224
02:24:19,280 --> 02:24:23,034
as the entrance to nightclubs
in Le Doulos,
2225
02:24:25,440 --> 02:24:26,998
Le Samouraï.
2226
02:24:29,200 --> 02:24:31,031
He'd always ask his assistants
2227
02:24:31,080 --> 02:24:36,598
to integrate the studio's back stairs
leading to the second floor.
2228
02:24:39,480 --> 02:24:42,472
The staircase figures in Le Doulos.
2229
02:24:54,800 --> 02:24:56,995
And in Le Samouraï.
2230
02:24:59,120 --> 02:25:04,353
As does the garage entrance
behind the studios on a side street.
2231
02:25:06,840 --> 02:25:07,955
The tank full?
2232
02:25:08,000 --> 02:25:09,319
All set, Mr. Bob.
2233
02:25:12,440 --> 02:25:15,989
Usually cars go in and out
2234
02:25:16,040 --> 02:25:18,110
to the sound of a dog barking.
2235
02:25:21,160 --> 02:25:24,550
I don't think he was good at writing
original screenplays.
2236
02:25:24,600 --> 02:25:28,513
I'm not convinced by Deux hommes,
or by Le Cercle Rouge,
2237
02:25:28,560 --> 02:25:29,675
or by Un Flic.
2238
02:25:38,880 --> 02:25:40,871
Le Samouraï, far better,
2239
02:25:40,960 --> 02:25:43,474
still copies This Gun for Hire,
2240
02:25:43,520 --> 02:25:45,750
replacing the cat by a bird.
2241
02:25:48,800 --> 02:25:54,113
But he was a fabulous adapter,
a fantastic reader.
2242
02:25:54,160 --> 02:25:58,153
He knew immediately
what to take from a book,
2243
02:25:58,200 --> 02:26:00,475
whether it was Le silence de la mer,
2244
02:26:01,120 --> 02:26:02,678
or Le Doulos.
2245
02:26:02,720 --> 02:26:03,948
He had the novel.
2246
02:26:04,000 --> 02:26:06,912
He would buy two copies
2247
02:26:06,960 --> 02:26:10,475
to have the front and back
of each page.
2248
02:26:11,160 --> 02:26:15,915
He'd note the passages
he wanted to use.
2249
02:26:15,960 --> 02:26:17,757
I had to cut them out
2250
02:26:17,800 --> 02:26:20,997
and paste them
onto blank sheets of paper.
2251
02:26:21,040 --> 02:26:26,592
Then, between the cut-out passages
of the book,
2252
02:26:26,640 --> 02:26:30,474
he'd write his script in:
2253
02:26:30,520 --> 02:26:33,671
continuity shots,
additional dialogue, etc.
2254
02:26:34,040 --> 02:26:35,951
He came up with the great idea
2255
02:26:36,000 --> 02:26:39,709
of having Cocteau narrate
Les Enfants Terribles.
2256
02:26:39,760 --> 02:26:43,719
He also came up with the idea
of using Bach and Vivaldi,
2257
02:26:43,760 --> 02:26:48,709
when Cocteau wanted two pianists:
Wiener and Doucet.
2258
02:26:51,360 --> 02:26:53,271
I remember a day
2259
02:26:53,320 --> 02:26:56,710
when I had Cocteau rush over
to stand in front of a microphone
2260
02:26:56,760 --> 02:26:58,751
to record his heartbeat,
2261
02:26:59,000 --> 02:27:02,754
which we hear at one point,
beating in Edouard Dermit's breast
2262
02:27:02,800 --> 02:27:04,233
in Les Enfants Terribles.
2263
02:27:07,680 --> 02:27:10,956
He could be incredibly daring,
2264
02:27:11,000 --> 02:27:15,755
managing to keep Béatrice Beck's
very literary dialogue,
2265
02:27:15,800 --> 02:27:18,997
which Belmondo
and Emmanuelle Riva transcended.
2266
02:27:19,600 --> 02:27:22,353
Why shouldn't the Lord
perform miracles for heretics?
2267
02:27:23,520 --> 02:27:25,351
Does He love them less?
2268
02:27:26,920 --> 02:27:31,550
Under your influence, I came
to imagine that God was Catholic.
2269
02:27:31,600 --> 02:27:35,434
Let's call Him the universal Catholic
2270
02:27:35,480 --> 02:27:37,391
in our profane language.
2271
02:27:38,000 --> 02:27:40,639
Still, He can be
many other things, too.
2272
02:27:41,480 --> 02:27:43,232
You know what our Lord said?
2273
02:27:43,280 --> 02:27:45,748
"In my father's house
are many rooms."
2274
02:27:46,600 --> 02:27:48,670
Contradictory rooms?
2275
02:27:49,280 --> 02:27:50,838
Perhaps.
2276
02:27:51,360 --> 02:27:55,433
But the contradictions are mainly
in our mind.
2277
02:27:56,400 --> 02:28:01,190
Melville also transcended
Kessel's book, Army of Shadows.
2278
02:28:03,520 --> 02:28:05,078
We could have saved Félix.
2279
02:28:05,120 --> 02:28:06,394
No.
2280
02:28:07,600 --> 02:28:08,919
Nothing, nobody.
2281
02:28:10,960 --> 02:28:12,029
Not even you.
2282
02:28:18,560 --> 02:28:20,949
Besides, the police are after you.
2283
02:28:21,600 --> 02:28:24,273
Lie low for a while, then come back.
2284
02:28:25,680 --> 02:28:27,193
The first plane is for you.
2285
02:28:28,160 --> 02:28:29,354
Forget it.
2286
02:28:30,200 --> 02:28:32,998
With these maquis
popping up all over,
2287
02:28:34,080 --> 02:28:36,150
someone has to unify the command,
2288
02:28:36,480 --> 02:28:38,118
train them,
2289
02:28:38,160 --> 02:28:39,752
provision them.
2290
02:28:40,880 --> 02:28:43,269
There's no one now to replace me.
2291
02:28:45,640 --> 02:28:48,996
If they nab you,
we'll have to replace you.
2292
02:28:56,000 --> 02:28:59,390
Working with him,
l discovered his obsessions,
2293
02:28:59,440 --> 02:29:00,668
his bars,
2294
02:29:00,720 --> 02:29:04,395
where dancers danced,
usually up on the counter.
2295
02:29:09,240 --> 02:29:10,593
His mirrors.
2296
02:29:28,720 --> 02:29:31,188
He was influenced
by American movies.
2297
02:29:31,240 --> 02:29:34,118
His police stations weren't French.
2298
02:29:34,160 --> 02:29:36,549
Yet you ran away like a wretch.
2299
02:29:38,440 --> 02:29:39,953
I'm surprised at you.
2300
02:29:41,280 --> 02:29:46,434
Police station offices
weren't set up that way then.
2301
02:29:46,480 --> 02:29:48,869
Windows had venetian blinds.
2302
02:29:49,320 --> 02:29:51,117
The police knew more than me.
2303
02:29:51,160 --> 02:29:53,116
The wallpaper and the backgrounds
2304
02:29:53,160 --> 02:29:56,630
were right out
of Wise's Odds against Tomorrow,
2305
02:29:56,680 --> 02:29:59,956
a film Melville made us watch
every night,
2306
02:30:00,000 --> 02:30:02,514
along with Godard's Le Petit Soldat.
2307
02:30:03,400 --> 02:30:05,834
They all saw something
from their windows.
2308
02:30:06,080 --> 02:30:08,116
But that doesn't get us anywhere.
2309
02:30:08,160 --> 02:30:11,470
Some say they saw someone
behind the wheel, alone.
2310
02:30:11,520 --> 02:30:15,035
Others that there were two guys.
No one mentioned a woman.
2311
02:30:15,080 --> 02:30:19,358
During the shoots, I noted moments
2312
02:30:19,400 --> 02:30:22,551
he borrowed from American movies
we'd watched together
2313
02:30:22,600 --> 02:30:24,511
and that he'd loved.
2314
02:30:24,560 --> 02:30:27,279
Desailly's toothpick in this scene,
2315
02:30:27,320 --> 02:30:30,869
this absolutely fabulous
sequence shot...
2316
02:30:30,920 --> 02:30:35,516
That toothpick comes
from André de Toth's Crime Wave.
2317
02:30:35,560 --> 02:30:39,155
Sterling Hayden chews on it
throughout the film.
2318
02:30:39,200 --> 02:30:40,599
Everybody saw it.
2319
02:30:42,200 --> 02:30:43,997
Some days are no good.
2320
02:30:44,040 --> 02:30:47,999
And I can see what influenced
Tarantino in Le Doulos.
2321
02:30:48,680 --> 02:30:52,878
The confrontation between
René Lefèvre and Serge Reggiani,
2322
02:30:52,920 --> 02:30:56,071
this banal exchange
that takes a tragic turn,
2323
02:30:56,120 --> 02:31:00,716
contains the matrix of the first scene
of Inglourious Basterds.
2324
02:31:02,000 --> 02:31:03,592
Between 15,000 and 20,000.
2325
02:31:03,880 --> 02:31:07,350
A far cry from the 11 million
reported in the papers.
2326
02:31:10,080 --> 02:31:11,718
Speak to Remi about that job?
2327
02:31:14,320 --> 02:31:16,072
-What do you think?
-You did.
2328
02:31:17,800 --> 02:31:19,518
Then what are you waiting for?
2329
02:31:20,160 --> 02:31:23,789
You cry poverty.
There's work just waiting for you.
2330
02:31:24,600 --> 02:31:28,115
Okay, there's a safe.
But you'll have all night.
2331
02:31:28,160 --> 02:31:29,878
The house is isolated.
2332
02:31:29,920 --> 02:31:32,229
That's just it. It looks too simple.
2333
02:31:33,240 --> 02:31:35,196
I don't like simple things.
2334
02:31:36,680 --> 02:31:37,954
Like six years ago.
2335
02:31:41,720 --> 02:31:44,075
Melville's influence
is still enormous.
2336
02:31:44,120 --> 02:31:47,351
Not only on Tarantino.
I was astonished.
2337
02:31:47,400 --> 02:31:51,598
It was before Tarantino's first film.
I met him at Sundance.
2338
02:31:51,640 --> 02:31:54,438
He said to me,
"Le Doulos is my favorite movie."
2339
02:31:54,480 --> 02:31:58,473
I said, "How is that?
Is there even a print in the US?"
2340
02:31:59,040 --> 02:32:00,712
Thanks, old pal.
2341
02:32:00,760 --> 02:32:02,193
It'll tide me over.
2342
02:32:04,080 --> 02:32:05,752
Don't you worry.
2343
02:32:06,240 --> 02:32:08,196
Take the money if you need it.
2344
02:32:08,880 --> 02:32:10,313
Okay.
2345
02:32:10,360 --> 02:32:13,318
And don't forget your cigarettes
on the table.
2346
02:32:24,360 --> 02:32:27,591
He created a stylized,
fantasized world,
2347
02:32:27,640 --> 02:32:30,200
remote from French reality.
2348
02:32:30,240 --> 02:32:31,958
No historical markers,
2349
02:32:32,000 --> 02:32:34,719
yet without copying his model.
2350
02:32:34,760 --> 02:32:36,432
A nocturnal universe,
2351
02:32:36,480 --> 02:32:39,040
more desolate, more melancholic,
2352
02:32:39,080 --> 02:32:42,390
devoid of that tonic or ironic energy,
2353
02:32:42,840 --> 02:32:45,195
right down to the description of evil.
2354
02:32:46,680 --> 02:32:50,753
He dreamed of being William Wyler,
wanted to film like him.
2355
02:32:51,680 --> 02:32:55,116
But his shots
are always longer than Wyler's,
2356
02:32:55,160 --> 02:32:56,832
stripped down,
2357
02:32:57,240 --> 02:33:01,836
and length is handled
in a totally different manner.
2358
02:33:05,080 --> 02:33:07,753
Virtually no music.
2359
02:33:24,640 --> 02:33:27,234
Out-of-frame action is more frequent.
2360
02:33:36,840 --> 02:33:39,149
Unthinkable in an American thriller.
2361
02:33:42,200 --> 02:33:44,998
The spareness is more extreme.
2362
02:33:46,040 --> 02:33:50,158
The waiting and the silences
are more emphasized.
2363
02:33:51,040 --> 02:33:55,397
Finally, he's closer to Bresson
than Wyler.
2364
02:34:02,520 --> 02:34:04,556
The oppressive apartments
2365
02:34:04,600 --> 02:34:08,275
without windows,
or shaded by heavy drapes,
2366
02:34:08,320 --> 02:34:11,118
are the reverse
of American crime movies,
2367
02:34:11,160 --> 02:34:14,630
which play with windows
and sources of light,
2368
02:34:14,680 --> 02:34:16,193
depth of field,
2369
02:34:16,240 --> 02:34:18,151
an opening on the city.
2370
02:34:18,200 --> 02:34:21,715
In fact, very autobiographically
2371
02:34:21,760 --> 02:34:26,470
he recreated the atmosphere
of his office and bedroom.
2372
02:34:26,520 --> 02:34:28,715
Sure you're not doing
something stupid?
2373
02:34:28,760 --> 02:34:31,115
l wanted to be sure about the job.
2374
02:34:31,160 --> 02:34:34,311
I'm tired of mooching off Thérèse.
2375
02:34:34,360 --> 02:34:37,750
But I admit to having a soft spot
for Leon Morin, Priest.
2376
02:34:37,800 --> 02:34:41,429
It evokes the Occupation
mainly through women's eyes.
2377
02:34:41,480 --> 02:34:43,516
Rather be shot
than make eyes at them.
2378
02:34:44,640 --> 02:34:49,998
It was incredibly daring
to focus a film on theological debates
2379
02:34:50,040 --> 02:34:53,032
between a communist atheist
and a priest.
2380
02:34:53,080 --> 02:34:53,990
Here.
2381
02:34:54,920 --> 02:34:56,148
Look.
2382
02:34:57,440 --> 02:34:58,714
Lord,
2383
02:35:00,040 --> 02:35:02,110
fulfill my wish just once.
2384
02:35:04,640 --> 02:35:06,232
Just this once.
2385
02:35:08,200 --> 02:35:10,794
Then, blessed be the eternal torment.
2386
02:35:17,880 --> 02:35:18,995
Comel
2387
02:35:22,600 --> 02:35:23,749
Au revoir.
2388
02:35:24,360 --> 02:35:26,271
That's a figure of speech.
2389
02:35:26,320 --> 02:35:27,992
Sure, we'll meet again.
2390
02:35:28,760 --> 02:35:30,159
Not in this life.
2391
02:35:31,040 --> 02:35:32,234
In the next.
2392
02:35:33,040 --> 02:35:34,996
The ambiguity of conversion,
2393
02:35:35,040 --> 02:35:38,350
but also the frustration
of repressed love...
2394
02:35:38,400 --> 02:35:42,916
that's what Melville dramatized
in this devastating masterpiece.
2395
02:35:42,960 --> 02:35:48,273
The portrait of this priest
out of the ordinary, out of time.
2396
02:35:48,320 --> 02:35:49,833
A resistance fighter.
2397
02:36:02,760 --> 02:36:05,991
Like Gerbier in Army of Shadows,
2398
02:36:06,040 --> 02:36:08,759
a film about repressed desire.
2399
02:36:08,800 --> 02:36:12,031
Look at this ending.
So economical, so blunt.
2400
02:36:16,440 --> 02:36:17,395
Go!
2401
02:36:17,440 --> 02:36:19,670
Melville masterfully transposes
2402
02:36:19,720 --> 02:36:22,632
the aesthetic codes
of his crime films.
2403
02:36:25,520 --> 02:36:28,114
Films like Le Doulos
and Le deuxième souffle
2404
02:36:28,160 --> 02:36:32,790
have become cult for directors
from Tarantino to John Woo,
2405
02:36:32,840 --> 02:36:37,356
to the detriment of a more
personal segment of his work,
2406
02:36:37,400 --> 02:36:40,676
where I find
the more private Melville.
2407
02:36:41,200 --> 02:36:44,351
He virtually never talked about it.
2408
02:36:44,400 --> 02:36:48,757
The Melville in the Resistance
under various pseudonyms:
2409
02:36:48,800 --> 02:36:51,075
Cartier, Nono,
2410
02:36:51,120 --> 02:36:53,554
who made it to England from Spain
2411
02:36:53,600 --> 02:36:57,593
after an exhausting odyssey
in which he lost his brother.
2412
02:36:58,200 --> 02:37:01,510
He never spoke to us about his pain.
2413
02:37:01,840 --> 02:37:05,674
He told me that he went to England
finally to be able to see
2414
02:37:05,720 --> 02:37:09,349
Michael Powell's
Life and Death of Colonel Blimp.
2415
02:37:09,440 --> 02:37:12,398
Melville, who fought
in Italy and France,
2416
02:37:12,440 --> 02:37:15,000
then combated the communist union
2417
02:37:15,040 --> 02:37:19,431
to impose his own crew,
his way of shooting,
2418
02:37:19,480 --> 02:37:20,959
his vision.
2419
02:37:26,440 --> 02:37:29,159
When we finished Leon Morin, Priest,
2420
02:37:29,200 --> 02:37:32,795
Melville made it clear
I was a Iousy assistant.
2421
02:37:32,880 --> 02:37:34,836
He was right.
2422
02:37:34,880 --> 02:37:39,510
He added, "I think you'll be good
at defending films,
2423
02:37:39,560 --> 02:37:41,869
so you'd make a good press agent."
2424
02:37:41,920 --> 02:37:45,390
He introduced me to Georges
de Beauregard, his producer,
2425
02:37:45,440 --> 02:37:50,275
still reeling from the unexpected
success of Breathless.
2426
02:37:50,320 --> 02:37:51,753
Georges de Beauregard
2427
02:37:51,800 --> 02:37:55,270
hired me right off as press agent
at Rome-Paris Films,
2428
02:37:55,360 --> 02:37:59,956
the compan y he'd just founded
together with Carlo Ponti.
2429
02:38:00,000 --> 02:38:06,109
And so, in 15 minutes,
I'd lost my job and found another.
2430
02:38:08,120 --> 02:38:11,396
I started by working on films
being completed,
2431
02:38:11,440 --> 02:38:13,715
such as the wonderful
Adieu Philippine.
2432
02:38:23,480 --> 02:38:26,756
-I was with Michel until 2:00 a.m.
-Is he a good kisser?
2433
02:38:26,800 --> 02:38:30,952
l have dazzling memories
of certain scenes:
2434
02:38:31,000 --> 02:38:35,039
the two girls walking in the street,
that Rozier filmed fabulously,
2435
02:38:35,080 --> 02:38:37,548
the scenes shot in the TV studio,
2436
02:38:37,600 --> 02:38:40,194
and all the hilarious moments
2437
02:38:40,280 --> 02:38:43,955
with Vittorio Caprioli
as a crooked, penniless producer.
2438
02:38:44,000 --> 02:38:45,718
l come to your office?
2439
02:38:46,800 --> 02:38:48,756
You mean, here? No.
2440
02:38:48,800 --> 02:38:52,395
I'd rather we meet somewhere else.
Know La Maison du Café?
2441
02:38:52,440 --> 02:38:54,396
Young people have it easy now.
2442
02:38:54,440 --> 02:38:57,557
When I started working in '23,
there were no vacations.
2443
02:38:57,600 --> 02:38:59,636
The editing took forever.
2444
02:38:59,680 --> 02:39:02,353
Beauregard,
maybe influenced by Godard,
2445
02:39:02,400 --> 02:39:06,359
annoyed by cost overruns,
finally sold the film,
2446
02:39:06,400 --> 02:39:11,269
which was polished for another year
before its release.
2447
02:39:11,320 --> 02:39:13,390
So what's up, Dédé?
2448
02:39:14,000 --> 02:39:16,275
Oh, nothing.
2449
02:39:17,440 --> 02:39:21,433
For a young man wild about cinema,
Rome-Paris Films was magical.
2450
02:39:22,920 --> 02:39:24,956
We rubbed elbows with Godard,
2451
02:39:25,000 --> 02:39:27,070
talked to him about John Ford,
2452
02:39:27,720 --> 02:39:29,950
with Claude Chabrol,
always the joker.
2453
02:39:30,000 --> 02:39:31,956
l don't take myself seriously.
2454
02:39:32,040 --> 02:39:34,508
We're always someone else's fool.
2455
02:39:34,560 --> 02:39:37,597
l'd rather be someone's fool
than his prig.
2456
02:39:38,320 --> 02:39:39,230
Agnes Varda...
2457
02:39:42,880 --> 02:39:46,589
The release of Cleo from 5 to 7
is a wonderful memory,
2458
02:39:46,680 --> 02:39:48,113
as is the film itself.
2459
02:39:48,160 --> 02:39:50,469
A chronicle of an hour and a half
2460
02:39:50,520 --> 02:39:55,275
in the life of a woman afraid to die
and who recovers her soul.
2461
02:39:55,320 --> 02:39:57,515
Hold your horses.
2462
02:39:57,560 --> 02:39:59,994
Being ugly is death.
2463
02:40:00,040 --> 02:40:03,350
I'm beautiful and ten times more alive
than others.
2464
02:40:07,920 --> 02:40:11,390
l'd invited my friend Roger Tailleur
to a screening.
2465
02:40:11,440 --> 02:40:13,715
He wrote a magnificent piece.
2466
02:40:15,520 --> 02:40:17,033
Nothing is more admirable
2467
02:40:17,080 --> 02:40:19,719
than intelligence imbued
with sensibility,
2468
02:40:19,760 --> 02:40:23,150
unless it is sensibility
guided by intelligence.
2469
02:40:23,200 --> 02:40:27,352
Nothing rarer than a mind enamored
of rigor no less than fancy
2470
02:40:27,400 --> 02:40:32,110
if not a temperament at once
hyper-instinctive and extra-lucid.
2471
02:40:32,160 --> 02:40:35,277
Agnes Varda is the harmony
of these opposites.
2472
02:40:36,400 --> 02:40:38,516
My favors, his voice
2473
02:40:38,560 --> 02:40:42,235
The flavor of my heart-shaped mouth
2474
02:40:45,600 --> 02:40:49,878
Rome-Paris Films was
a small-scale, casual operation.
2475
02:40:49,920 --> 02:40:52,718
I remember the release
of L'oeil du malin.
2476
02:40:52,760 --> 02:40:56,878
Not a single entry at the Plaza cinema
on the first day,
2477
02:40:56,920 --> 02:40:59,388
which delighted Chabrol to no end.
2478
02:40:59,440 --> 02:41:02,352
We made the film
for half the estimated budget.
2479
02:41:03,920 --> 02:41:05,399
Right, Georges?
2480
02:41:06,600 --> 02:41:08,989
-Georges had found...
-A German co-producer.
2481
02:41:09,040 --> 02:41:12,316
...a German co-producer whose name
I won't mention out of kindness.
2482
02:41:13,320 --> 02:41:17,438
He was thrown in jail
two days before shooting.
2483
02:41:17,520 --> 02:41:20,637
He had a 50% co-production share.
2484
02:41:20,680 --> 02:41:24,992
But Georges, fearless, asked me
to do the film on half the budget.
2485
02:41:25,040 --> 02:41:27,190
I said we'd try.
2486
02:41:27,280 --> 02:41:28,599
And we did it.
2487
02:41:28,640 --> 02:41:30,870
Beauregard was a gambler.
2488
02:41:30,920 --> 02:41:35,072
An extrovert, a warm man,
who went by instinct.
2489
02:41:35,120 --> 02:41:37,076
After the success of Breathless,
2490
02:41:37,120 --> 02:41:40,237
he asked Godard
to bring him others like him.
2491
02:41:40,280 --> 02:41:46,276
That's how people like Rozier, Demy,
Varda, and Chabrol came in.
2492
02:41:46,320 --> 02:41:48,515
They all did movies
for Rome-Paris Films.
2493
02:41:48,560 --> 02:41:51,677
Michel Cournot did a portrait
of Beauregard
2494
02:41:51,720 --> 02:41:55,315
that's at once fantasized, made up,
2495
02:41:55,360 --> 02:41:58,511
and oddly enough, quite accurate.
2496
02:41:59,080 --> 02:42:01,719
The fun part is reading a screenplay,
2497
02:42:01,760 --> 02:42:03,990
and then, later, seeing the film.
2498
02:42:04,040 --> 02:42:05,758
And vanishing in-between.
2499
02:42:05,800 --> 02:42:07,677
Otherwise, where's the surprise?
2500
02:42:09,280 --> 02:42:11,111
Chabrol's films are beyond me.
2501
02:42:11,560 --> 02:42:15,235
They're only understood
by himself and pharmacists.
2502
02:42:15,720 --> 02:42:18,029
l love Chabrol. He's an anarchist.
2503
02:42:18,600 --> 02:42:20,033
He doesn't age.
2504
02:42:21,040 --> 02:42:24,077
I'd like some chocolate!
2505
02:42:27,280 --> 02:42:29,000
He's always 45 years old.
2506
02:42:29,880 --> 02:42:31,029
Alone.
2507
02:42:31,760 --> 02:42:33,352
No family."
2508
02:42:36,160 --> 02:42:37,798
You must tell me.
2509
02:42:39,080 --> 02:42:41,389
You have nothing to lose now.
2510
02:42:43,080 --> 02:42:44,877
Did you kill them?
2511
02:42:48,680 --> 02:42:51,114
That, counselor, I can't tell you.
2512
02:42:53,080 --> 02:42:54,991
That's my little baggage.
2513
02:43:04,640 --> 02:43:06,119
I go to my death,
2514
02:43:06,160 --> 02:43:09,391
my soul innocent and at peace.
2515
02:43:10,200 --> 02:43:13,033
-Did he carve them up?
-We don't know.
2516
02:43:13,080 --> 02:43:15,514
I think he chopped them up, rather.
2517
02:43:17,720 --> 02:43:21,156
We don't know if people want to see
Landru chop them up.
2518
02:43:21,200 --> 02:43:24,954
True, we accept a certain horror,
2519
02:43:25,000 --> 02:43:27,275
and beyond that, you hesitate.
2520
02:43:27,320 --> 02:43:30,357
When in doubt,
it's best to do neither.
2521
02:43:30,400 --> 02:43:33,073
I worked with Godard on Contempt,
2522
02:43:33,120 --> 02:43:35,918
Pierrot le fou, and Les Carabiniers.
2523
02:43:35,960 --> 02:43:38,190
Each time Beauregard wanted me
2524
02:43:38,240 --> 02:43:39,673
to explain that this time
2525
02:43:39,720 --> 02:43:41,756
Godard was making a real movie,
2526
02:43:41,800 --> 02:43:45,475
with a real script,
written beforehand.
2527
02:43:45,520 --> 02:43:47,636
It was totally untrue.
2528
02:43:47,680 --> 02:43:51,514
So I had to show the books
that supposedly inspired him.
2529
02:43:51,560 --> 02:43:54,996
And each time,
the result was a dazzling work,
2530
02:43:55,040 --> 02:43:57,793
innovative, visually sublime,
2531
02:43:57,840 --> 02:44:01,150
but totally unlike the original plan.
2532
02:44:03,040 --> 02:44:04,837
The more I make films,
the less I know.
2533
02:44:04,880 --> 02:44:09,192
I think I make films
to find out what the cinema is.
2534
02:44:09,240 --> 02:44:12,312
Like, to cite a great example,
2535
02:44:12,360 --> 02:44:16,194
Mallarmé wrote poetry
to find out what poetry really was.
2536
02:44:16,760 --> 02:44:21,436
The only thing of interest
2537
02:44:21,480 --> 02:44:25,359
is the path people take.
2538
02:44:25,400 --> 02:44:27,356
I saw him shoot his films.
2539
02:44:27,400 --> 02:44:29,675
I heard Raoul Coutard struggle
2540
02:44:29,720 --> 02:44:32,917
with the erratic definition
of Techniscope.
2541
02:44:33,520 --> 02:44:37,513
He claimed it'd make the film
resemble an impressionist painting.
2542
02:44:39,480 --> 02:44:43,189
And I'rn the one who brought
Samuel Fuller on the set.
2543
02:45:04,960 --> 02:45:08,191
Godard didn't want me
to bring him journalists
2544
02:45:08,240 --> 02:45:10,151
who had praised him.
2545
02:45:10,720 --> 02:45:15,157
He much preferred to meet critics
who'd slammed his films.
2546
02:45:15,200 --> 02:45:17,800
For instance,
Robert Benayoun from Positif,
2547
02:45:18,440 --> 02:45:21,352
who I brought to the set
of Les Carabiniers.
2548
02:45:26,880 --> 02:45:29,189
I was also very impressed
2549
02:45:29,240 --> 02:45:33,438
by the way he integrated
into his narrative, into his vision,
2550
02:45:33,480 --> 02:45:36,074
Antoine Duhamel's incredible music.
2551
02:45:36,120 --> 02:45:39,635
He'd written long phrases
that had no precise timing.
2552
02:46:06,680 --> 02:46:08,398
Godard stopped them...
2553
02:46:10,960 --> 02:46:13,679
...and picked them up again,
adding silences.
2554
02:46:24,200 --> 02:46:25,713
-A complicated...
-...story.
2555
02:46:25,760 --> 02:46:26,954
Leave in a hurry.
2556
02:46:27,000 --> 02:46:31,152
He did the same with Delerue's
equally brilliant scores.
2557
02:46:31,200 --> 02:46:33,475
I have to see that American.
2558
02:46:33,520 --> 02:46:36,717
I was there
when Carlo Ponti demanded
2559
02:46:36,760 --> 02:46:40,753
that a scene with Bardot
in the nude be added.
2560
02:46:41,640 --> 02:46:43,676
See my feet in the mirror?
2561
02:46:45,040 --> 02:46:45,995
Yes.
2562
02:46:48,240 --> 02:46:49,992
You think they're pretty?
2563
02:46:50,040 --> 02:46:52,156
Yes, very.
2564
02:46:53,560 --> 02:46:57,712
What is rather paradoxical
is that in the Italian version,
2565
02:46:57,760 --> 02:47:01,594
the scene requested
by the Italian co-producer isn't there.
2566
02:47:01,640 --> 02:47:02,760
It was cut
2567
02:47:02,800 --> 02:47:06,475
and Delerue's music
was entirely redone
2568
02:47:06,520 --> 02:47:09,353
by the very talented Pierrot Piccioni.
2569
02:47:09,400 --> 02:47:13,188
l find it rather amusing
that an Italian co-producer's request
2570
02:47:13,240 --> 02:47:17,631
ends up with a film
that doesn't contain the scene
2571
02:47:17,680 --> 02:47:21,912
he'd imposed on the director
during shooting.
2572
02:47:22,760 --> 02:47:25,672
-This is my wife, Camille.
-Pleased to meet you.
2573
02:47:25,720 --> 02:47:28,518
-Fritz Lang.
-Hello.
2574
02:47:28,600 --> 02:47:31,717
He made that western
with Marlene Dietrich.
2575
02:47:31,760 --> 02:47:33,318
It was terrific.
2576
02:47:33,360 --> 02:47:34,918
I prefer M.
2577
02:47:34,960 --> 02:47:39,078
Your M? We just saw it on TV.
l really enjoyed it.
2578
02:47:39,120 --> 02:47:41,429
Thank you. That's kind.
2579
02:47:42,160 --> 02:47:44,390
But in Rancho Notorious,
2580
02:47:44,440 --> 02:47:47,079
I love the scene
with Mel Ferrer and the scale.
2581
02:47:47,160 --> 02:47:50,550
Thank you.
When l finish The Odyssey...
2582
02:48:02,200 --> 02:48:05,237
When Pierrot le fou came out,
I had an idea.
2583
02:48:05,280 --> 02:48:07,714
Since Godard often quoted Aragon,
2584
02:48:07,760 --> 02:48:11,070
I called the weekly he edited
and said,
2585
02:48:11,120 --> 02:48:13,190
"I'm the son of René Tavernier,
2586
02:48:13,240 --> 02:48:16,835
the man who hid you in Monchat
during the war.
2587
02:48:16,880 --> 02:48:20,111
I want to show you a film
that might move you."
2588
02:48:20,160 --> 02:48:21,593
The next morning,
2589
02:48:21,640 --> 02:48:26,236
he was in the Publicis screening room
with Elsa Triolet.
2590
02:48:26,280 --> 02:48:29,955
Both of them greeted me
with a warm hug.
2591
02:48:30,000 --> 02:48:31,752
The screening began,
2592
02:48:31,800 --> 02:48:35,509
and out of it came
a historic four-page piece.
2593
02:48:39,600 --> 02:48:42,637
Attending the screening
of Pierrot le fou,
2594
02:48:42,680 --> 02:48:46,275
l'd forgotten what one was supposed
to say and think about Godard.
2595
02:48:46,320 --> 02:48:49,437
That he has mannerisms,
quotes such and such,
2596
02:48:49,480 --> 02:48:51,994
lectures us, believes this and that.
2597
02:48:52,040 --> 02:48:55,999
In short, that he was insufferable,
long-winded, sententious.
2598
02:48:56,600 --> 02:48:59,478
l saw one thing, one thing only:
2599
02:48:59,520 --> 02:49:01,590
that it was beautiful,
2600
02:49:01,640 --> 02:49:03,915
superhumanly, physically beautiful,
2601
02:49:03,960 --> 02:49:06,349
in its soul and imagination.
2602
02:49:06,400 --> 02:49:08,277
What we watch for two hours,
2603
02:49:08,320 --> 02:49:12,598
and this beauty, which the word
beauty cannot adequately define,
2604
02:49:12,640 --> 02:49:15,791
it must be said
that this parade of images
2605
02:49:15,840 --> 02:49:18,115
is simply sublime.
2606
02:49:51,400 --> 02:49:53,675
There was also
Pierre Schoendoerffer,
2607
02:49:53,720 --> 02:49:56,871
one of the first directors
Beauregard produced.
2608
02:49:56,920 --> 02:49:59,878
War is a fact.
It has existed forever.
2609
02:50:01,120 --> 02:50:03,759
Schoendoerffer returned exhausted,
2610
02:50:03,800 --> 02:50:06,075
sick, wiped out from malaria,
2611
02:50:06,120 --> 02:50:08,998
after shooting La 317e section.
2612
02:50:09,400 --> 02:50:11,550
It was the start of a long friendship
2613
02:50:11,600 --> 02:50:14,433
in which even our differences
united us.
2614
02:50:15,040 --> 02:50:18,669
It was also my first job as director.
2615
02:50:18,720 --> 02:50:21,757
l wrote and directed the trailer.
2616
02:50:21,800 --> 02:50:25,076
The script was spoken
by the film's editor, Armand Psenny,
2617
02:50:25,120 --> 02:50:28,157
who edited all my early films.
2618
02:50:31,800 --> 02:50:33,677
May 4, 1954,
2619
02:50:33,720 --> 02:50:36,632
during the Geneva conference
to end the lndochinese war,
2620
02:50:37,440 --> 02:50:39,795
four French and 41 Cambodian
back-up troops
2621
02:50:39,840 --> 02:50:42,832
evacuate the post at Luang Ba
to fall back on Tao Tsai.
2622
02:50:43,280 --> 02:50:44,872
White splits.
2623
02:50:47,560 --> 02:50:49,152
Yellow stays.
2624
02:50:49,200 --> 02:50:51,998
I still find La 317e section
2625
02:50:52,040 --> 02:50:56,477
one of France's, even the world's,
greatest war films.
2626
02:50:56,520 --> 02:50:59,432
No one described it better
than Michel Cournot.
2627
02:51:00,280 --> 02:51:01,599
Everything we see here
2628
02:51:01,640 --> 02:51:04,632
was lived and recorded
by Pierre Schoendoerffer
2629
02:51:04,680 --> 02:51:06,671
while he fought in lndochina.
2630
02:51:07,200 --> 02:51:10,875
His light and camera movement
restored every detail.
2631
02:51:11,760 --> 02:51:14,957
Memory is not a faculty
given to everyone.
2632
02:51:15,000 --> 02:51:18,515
One man was able
to look war in the face, listen to it.
2633
02:51:19,960 --> 02:51:23,077
Here, war is not depicted,
highlighted.
2634
02:51:23,120 --> 02:51:25,475
Nor is it spied upon,
seen from behind,
2635
02:51:25,520 --> 02:51:27,272
as in war newsreels.
2636
02:51:27,880 --> 02:51:30,838
With this film, we're not at a show.
2637
02:51:30,880 --> 02:51:32,552
We change skins.
2638
02:51:32,600 --> 02:51:33,794
Tonight,
2639
02:51:34,920 --> 02:51:36,148
the animals...
2640
02:51:37,760 --> 02:51:40,558
I'm scared of wild animals.
2641
02:51:53,480 --> 02:51:54,435
Let's move out.
2642
02:52:03,320 --> 02:52:06,710
As for Melville,
it was a burst of admiration
2643
02:52:06,760 --> 02:52:10,639
that made me want to meet
Claude Sautet the first time.
2644
02:52:10,680 --> 02:52:13,399
It was just after seeing
Classe tous risques.
2645
02:52:13,440 --> 02:52:15,556
l'd been incredibly touched
2646
02:52:15,600 --> 02:52:18,114
by the film's tone
from the very start.
2647
02:52:23,120 --> 02:52:28,592
And how out of step it was
with French crime movies.
2648
02:52:28,640 --> 02:52:32,428
Pierrot, once we're in France,
we won't travel anymore.
2649
02:52:32,480 --> 02:52:35,358
-We'll always be together, okay?
-Yes.
2650
02:52:39,080 --> 02:52:41,674
Who knows,
we might arrive before you do.
2651
02:52:44,080 --> 02:52:45,354
Buy us some shirts.
2652
02:52:45,840 --> 02:52:46,829
I will.
2653
02:52:46,880 --> 02:52:49,269
Don't worry. It'll be okay.
2654
02:52:49,320 --> 02:52:53,791
There were 27 versions
of the first voice-over.
2655
02:52:53,840 --> 02:52:56,229
She wanted to warn him to be careful.
2656
02:52:56,960 --> 02:52:58,279
But what was the point?
2657
02:52:59,800 --> 02:53:03,110
Since she'd been packing
and unpacking, she'd stop talking.
2658
02:53:03,680 --> 02:53:04,999
Or almost.
2659
02:53:10,040 --> 02:53:13,237
The children followed.
They lacked for nothing,
2660
02:53:13,720 --> 02:53:15,039
except a school.
2661
02:53:16,440 --> 02:53:19,750
For this last trip,
she'd packed only the essentials.
2662
02:53:19,800 --> 02:53:22,598
Her handbag contained
the last of their money.
2663
02:53:26,640 --> 02:53:28,119
After the voice-over,
2664
02:53:28,160 --> 02:53:32,915
comes the holdup in Milan,
shot with a hidden camera.
2665
02:53:32,960 --> 02:53:35,997
The scene hasn't aged a bit.
2666
02:53:51,960 --> 02:53:56,112
The way Claude avoided
all the genre clichés
2667
02:53:56,160 --> 02:53:58,879
left me full of admiration.
2668
02:53:58,920 --> 02:54:02,390
That's why I wanted to see him
and meet him.
2669
02:54:02,440 --> 02:54:07,833
My first interview, my first review.
It had to be short.
2670
02:54:07,880 --> 02:54:11,714
The film didn't have
official critical approval.
2671
02:54:11,760 --> 02:54:14,194
At the end l wrote,
"They say it's a B movie,
2672
02:54:14,240 --> 02:54:17,550
but better B as in Boetticher
than A as in Allegret."
2673
02:54:17,600 --> 02:54:20,990
I regret the pique against Allegret,
pointless.
2674
02:54:21,040 --> 02:54:25,079
But it was a way of trying
to defend Sautet.
2675
02:54:25,120 --> 02:54:26,872
The Cahiers weren't kind.
2676
02:54:26,920 --> 02:54:31,198
Cahiers du Cinéma
always shot me down.
2677
02:54:31,240 --> 02:54:34,630
But that's okay. It vaccinated me.
No, I was glad.
2678
02:54:34,680 --> 02:54:38,036
It hurt, at first. Then I thought,
that's all right. Good.
2679
02:54:38,080 --> 02:54:42,000
Claude had another career
besides directing.
2680
02:54:42,040 --> 02:54:43,758
He was a script doctor,
2681
02:54:43,800 --> 02:54:48,590
rescuing films that lay fallow,
pulling them together.
2682
02:54:48,640 --> 02:54:49,914
Everyone used him.
2683
02:54:50,000 --> 02:54:53,595
Among those Claude worked with
was Jean-Paul Rappeneau.
2684
02:54:53,640 --> 02:54:57,394
Yes. He was co-screenwriter
2685
02:54:57,440 --> 02:54:58,873
on La Vie de château.
2686
02:54:58,920 --> 02:55:00,831
Rappeneau himself
said it was Claude
2687
02:55:00,880 --> 02:55:02,871
who found the film's final tone.
2688
02:55:02,920 --> 02:55:06,799
It was Claude
who recommended Noiret.
2689
02:55:06,840 --> 02:55:08,273
Rappeneau wanted Louis Jourdan.
2690
02:55:08,320 --> 02:55:10,788
Claude couldn't see him
in the country
2691
02:55:10,840 --> 02:55:13,070
"Louis Jourdan
in an apple orchard!”
2692
02:55:13,920 --> 02:55:16,514
He told him to take Noiret
2693
02:55:16,560 --> 02:55:19,074
and to quicken the pace even more.
2694
02:55:20,320 --> 02:55:22,880
Crying to Daddy?
"My man doesn't love me!"
2695
02:55:22,920 --> 02:55:25,275
He was assistant director.
2696
02:55:25,320 --> 02:55:30,792
It became essential for him
to try to improve the film.
2697
02:55:30,840 --> 02:55:33,434
Proposing if only a single shot,
an idea,
2698
02:55:33,480 --> 02:55:36,517
that would make the film a jot better.
2699
02:55:37,040 --> 02:55:41,397
And that's how he ended up
working on the script.
2700
02:55:41,440 --> 02:55:47,436
He actually co-scripted films
he was an assistant on,
2701
02:55:47,480 --> 02:55:50,995
like Franju's Eyes Without a Face
and Le fauve est lâché.
2702
02:55:51,040 --> 02:55:52,837
That's a terrific story.
2703
02:55:52,880 --> 02:55:54,711
The director, Maurice Labro,
2704
02:55:54,760 --> 02:55:57,558
resented having Lino Ventura
imposed on him.
2705
02:55:57,600 --> 02:56:00,751
When his contract expired,
he took off.
2706
02:56:00,800 --> 02:56:04,236
The producer asked Sautet
to finish the film.
2707
02:56:04,280 --> 02:56:07,716
Sautet took over
for the last few weeks.
2708
02:56:07,760 --> 02:56:10,149
All the chase scenes
around the cliffs at Etretat.
2709
02:56:10,200 --> 02:56:12,509
The film's tone changed.
2710
02:56:12,560 --> 02:56:15,597
The shots are sharp, precise.
2711
02:56:28,160 --> 02:56:31,357
Sautet came into his own
during Le fauve est lâché,
2712
02:56:31,400 --> 02:56:33,152
a minor programmer.
2713
02:56:33,200 --> 02:56:35,555
And that's when Lino
took notice of him.
2714
02:56:38,800 --> 02:56:44,397
Claude and I have a kind
of innate complicity
2715
02:56:45,440 --> 02:56:49,274
which existed from when I first
knew him as assistant director.
2716
02:56:49,680 --> 02:56:53,355
I'd already been under his spell,
and I thought,
2717
02:56:53,400 --> 02:56:57,632
"I want to make a film with that guy
when I get a chance."
2718
02:56:57,680 --> 02:57:00,274
Lino went to see José Giovanni
and said,
2719
02:57:00,320 --> 02:57:04,108
"There's a guy
I just made a film with.
2720
02:57:04,160 --> 02:57:06,151
l think he'd be right for your film.”
2721
02:57:06,680 --> 02:57:09,114
Claude read the book
and Giovanni asked,
2722
02:57:09,160 --> 02:57:10,798
"How do you see the film?"
2723
02:57:11,760 --> 02:57:15,878
He said, "l see Lino walking,
holding his kids by the hand.
2724
02:57:15,920 --> 02:57:20,789
"Then, later, l see him with his kids
walking 50 yards behind him."
2725
02:57:20,840 --> 02:57:24,196
l knew he had the story in his gut
as much as l did.
2726
02:57:24,240 --> 02:57:25,559
We did the film.
2727
02:57:25,600 --> 02:57:29,798
I had just worked at length
with Jacques Becker on Le Trou
2728
02:57:29,840 --> 02:57:31,990
and I realized that Sautet
2729
02:57:32,040 --> 02:57:34,270
had many points in common
with Becker.
2730
02:57:34,320 --> 02:57:38,711
The same rigor,
the same authenticity of feelings,
2731
02:57:38,760 --> 02:57:42,389
without being bombastic,
or shrilly melodramatic,
2732
02:57:42,440 --> 02:57:44,749
or pandering.
2733
02:57:44,840 --> 02:57:48,799
And the Giovanni-Sautet friendship
was born there.
2734
02:57:48,840 --> 02:57:51,115
But then the nightmare began.
2735
02:57:51,160 --> 02:57:53,196
Sautet had noticed Belmondo.
2736
02:57:53,240 --> 02:57:55,993
The producer had said, "No way.
2737
02:57:56,040 --> 02:57:59,794
If we cast him, audiences will ask
for their money back.”
2738
02:58:00,880 --> 02:58:02,677
Let me give you a name.
2739
02:58:02,720 --> 02:58:05,518
l don't want you to react.
It will surprise you.
2740
02:58:05,560 --> 02:58:07,915
The guy was Dario Moreno.
2741
02:58:08,800 --> 02:58:11,030
Now when you see
Classe tous risques,
2742
02:58:11,080 --> 02:58:13,913
you can imagine him pulling up
in an ambulance.
2743
02:58:13,960 --> 02:58:16,428
She took my rifle
2744
02:58:17,320 --> 02:58:19,993
And gave me
An old feather duster instead
2745
02:58:21,120 --> 02:58:22,348
Hey, you!
2746
02:58:26,520 --> 02:58:28,795
He said, "I want a western hero."
2747
02:58:32,200 --> 02:58:35,715
The best thing about me
is my left hook.
2748
02:58:35,760 --> 02:58:38,832
There's an amazing scene
in the post office.
2749
02:58:38,880 --> 02:58:42,668
Sautet plays on the two physiques,
2750
02:58:42,720 --> 02:58:44,278
the two attitudes,
2751
02:58:44,320 --> 02:58:48,074
the way the two actors
perform very differently,
2752
02:58:48,120 --> 02:58:49,269
but respectful of one another.
2753
02:58:49,320 --> 02:58:53,791
Lino immediately championed him
and loved working with him.
2754
02:58:53,840 --> 02:58:56,274
Yet they didn't have
the same acting style.
2755
02:58:56,320 --> 02:58:57,753
And Sautet played on that.
2756
02:58:57,800 --> 02:58:59,153
Fargier sent me.
2757
02:59:03,040 --> 02:59:07,511
Sautet's obsession throughout the film
was to keep Lino from gaining weight.
2758
02:59:07,560 --> 02:59:08,993
It was a story about decline.
2759
02:59:09,040 --> 02:59:12,919
A character on the decline
can't be getting fatter.
2760
02:59:12,960 --> 02:59:16,873
He was with him at meals
to make sure Ventura,
2761
02:59:16,920 --> 02:59:19,115
who loved to eat,
2762
02:59:19,160 --> 02:59:23,153
didn't eat too much and weaken
the character's credibility.
2763
02:59:23,200 --> 02:59:27,432
Directing the actors
was often done at meals.
2764
02:59:30,640 --> 02:59:34,838
The end of the film
is totally elliptical.
2765
02:59:34,880 --> 02:59:37,792
It doesn't try for sentimentality
or Iyricism.
2766
02:59:37,840 --> 02:59:39,956
It's amazingly modem.
2767
02:59:40,000 --> 02:59:43,356
A few days later,
Abel Davos was arrested.
2768
02:59:45,200 --> 02:59:48,715
He was tried, sentenced,
and executed.
2769
02:59:50,880 --> 02:59:54,316
After this encounter,
we stayed in close touch.
2770
02:59:54,360 --> 02:59:58,638
Our friendship never ceased.
2771
02:59:59,960 --> 03:00:03,953
I showed him all my films,
from screenplay to first cut.
2772
03:00:04,000 --> 03:00:07,629
He gave me some incredible ideas --
cuts to make, restructuring.
2773
03:00:07,680 --> 03:00:10,672
Until the day, after Captain Conan,
2774
03:00:10,720 --> 03:00:13,439
he said, "Pal, don't touch a thing."
2775
03:00:13,480 --> 03:00:15,869
One of the biggest compliments
l ever had.
2776
03:00:15,920 --> 03:00:18,070
"Touch one frame and we're finished."
2777
03:00:36,360 --> 03:00:39,636
He was very, very tense
during screenings.
2778
03:00:39,680 --> 03:00:42,831
l remember a screening
of The Things of Life
2779
03:00:42,880 --> 03:00:45,519
and a critic's reaction
when talking to Sautet
2780
03:00:45,560 --> 03:00:47,994
at the bar of the Studiorama.
2781
03:00:48,040 --> 03:00:50,793
He was full of praise for the film.
2782
03:00:50,840 --> 03:00:52,637
But he said,
2783
03:00:53,840 --> 03:00:58,391
"If Piccoli had swung to the left,
there'd have been no accident."
2784
03:01:00,360 --> 03:01:02,749
Then and there,
all hell broke loose.
2785
03:01:02,800 --> 03:01:06,429
Sautet began to holler.
2786
03:01:07,720 --> 03:01:10,473
"I didn't make a film
about the highway code.
2787
03:01:10,520 --> 03:01:13,512
I didn't make a film
about road safety.
2788
03:01:13,560 --> 03:01:15,198
That's not the subject."
2789
03:01:15,240 --> 03:01:17,800
He yelled, "You jerk,
2790
03:01:17,840 --> 03:01:21,150
l made a film
about a guy who's glad to die
2791
03:01:21,200 --> 03:01:23,760
because it saves him
from making a choice."
2792
03:01:44,280 --> 03:01:45,918
It's a very dark story.
2793
03:01:46,560 --> 03:01:51,634
But far from being a sort
of apology of Pompidou's France,
2794
03:01:51,680 --> 03:01:54,399
on the contrary it's a seismograph
2795
03:01:54,440 --> 03:01:57,079
of what was dramatically changing
in France.
2796
03:02:06,840 --> 03:02:08,512
I don't believe it.
2797
03:02:08,560 --> 03:02:11,233
You must be kidding.
It's all decided.
2798
03:02:11,840 --> 03:02:13,478
Decided by whom?
2799
03:02:13,520 --> 03:02:15,875
By the company, by everybody.
2800
03:02:16,520 --> 03:02:17,748
Not by us.
2801
03:02:18,320 --> 03:02:19,435
Not by me.
2802
03:02:20,320 --> 03:02:23,596
People will look out the window
and see gardens, not parking lots.
2803
03:02:24,520 --> 03:02:27,910
Re-read your contract,
and you'll see there's...
2804
03:02:27,960 --> 03:02:30,428
Stuff your contract!
2805
03:02:31,600 --> 03:02:35,593
If I see a rabbit hutch go up
out there, I'll tear it down!
2806
03:02:36,280 --> 03:02:38,794
Would you live here? No!
2807
03:02:38,840 --> 03:02:41,877
I'll come build sewers
under your noses. You'll see.
2808
03:02:42,760 --> 03:02:46,992
Advertise first,
think later if you like.
2809
03:02:47,040 --> 03:02:51,591
In several films, Piccoli flies
into rages inspired by Sautet.
2810
03:02:51,640 --> 03:02:54,632
The main thing is to stay calm.
Obviously.
2811
03:02:54,680 --> 03:02:57,194
Sautet is always very calm
on the set.
2812
03:02:57,240 --> 03:03:00,676
Yesterday, for instance,
my script was "Hello, ma'am."
2813
03:03:00,720 --> 03:03:04,599
You told me to say, "Ma'am, hello."
How am I to know?
2814
03:03:04,640 --> 03:03:08,394
You told me to say, "Ma'am, hello."
It was in the script!
2815
03:03:08,440 --> 03:03:12,228
I said "Hello" to her! My God!
2816
03:03:12,280 --> 03:03:15,955
A curious thing about his decade...
2817
03:03:16,000 --> 03:03:18,992
it starts with Classe tous risques
and ends with Things of Life.
2818
03:03:19,040 --> 03:03:20,439
Very different films.
2819
03:03:20,480 --> 03:03:23,040
But after Things of Life,
2820
03:03:23,080 --> 03:03:27,710
there are films that use bits
and pieces of Classe tous risques.
2821
03:03:28,280 --> 03:03:29,998
I'm not complaining.
2822
03:03:30,040 --> 03:03:31,996
But it doesn't come free.
2823
03:03:32,040 --> 03:03:34,952
There are the same precise gestures,
2824
03:03:35,000 --> 03:03:38,231
the same sharp
yet sympathetic gaze
2825
03:03:38,280 --> 03:03:39,998
for certain characters,
2826
03:03:40,040 --> 03:03:44,272
Romy Schneider or the junk men
in Max and the Junkmen.
2827
03:03:44,320 --> 03:03:47,437
Gotta admit, we're not aces.
2828
03:03:47,480 --> 03:03:49,914
That's life, pal.
What do you expect?
2829
03:03:49,960 --> 03:03:51,552
I'm like Abel.
2830
03:03:52,240 --> 03:03:55,789
I'd like to do a big job,
cash in, and run.
2831
03:03:56,280 --> 03:03:58,396
I can't see them pulling a big job.
2832
03:03:58,440 --> 03:04:02,672
Not the Bank of France,
but a little amateur holdup.
2833
03:04:03,440 --> 03:04:05,271
They're small fry.
2834
03:04:05,800 --> 03:04:07,870
But they can become big fry.
2835
03:04:09,040 --> 03:04:11,634
With all the unpunished crime
you read about,
2836
03:04:11,680 --> 03:04:15,992
that penniless riffraff is bound
to wake up and say, "Why not us?"
2837
03:04:17,480 --> 03:04:18,959
Obviously.
2838
03:04:19,000 --> 03:04:21,958
Sautet is the opposite
of a Parisian filmmaker.
2839
03:04:22,000 --> 03:04:25,754
His films are set in the outskirts
of the city, the fringes.
2840
03:04:25,800 --> 03:04:28,394
In Max, look at those losers,
2841
03:04:28,440 --> 03:04:32,752
who will fall into a Machiavellian
trap laid by the policeman,
2842
03:04:32,800 --> 03:04:35,075
masterfully played by Piccoli.
2843
03:04:37,360 --> 03:04:41,273
To think he was called
an optimistic Pompidoulian filmmaker!
2844
03:04:41,320 --> 03:04:44,153
Max, optimistic?
2845
03:04:44,200 --> 03:04:49,638
It's perhaps the film
closest to Fritz Lang ever made.
2846
03:04:54,440 --> 03:04:57,989
Sautet knew
how to give form visually
2847
03:04:58,040 --> 03:05:00,998
to a community, a world, a milieu.
2848
03:05:01,040 --> 03:05:03,031
He renders that in the script
2849
03:05:03,080 --> 03:05:06,152
but also in the way
he directs his actors,
2850
03:05:06,240 --> 03:05:11,951
in the way he alternates
group scenes and wanderings.
2851
03:05:12,000 --> 03:05:14,912
Pierre Rissient, one of the first
to champion Sautet with me,
2852
03:05:14,960 --> 03:05:18,316
pointed out this fluid mise-en-scène.
2853
03:05:25,880 --> 03:05:27,996
Another thing about Sautet: music.
2854
03:05:28,040 --> 03:05:31,999
I don't know a filmmaker
with such knowledge of music,
2855
03:05:32,040 --> 03:05:35,271
at once intellectual,
2856
03:05:35,320 --> 03:05:38,278
passionate, and visceral.
2857
03:05:38,800 --> 03:05:42,713
To hear him talk about Bach
was fabulous,
2858
03:05:42,760 --> 03:05:44,671
to hear him talk about jazz, too.
2859
03:05:44,720 --> 03:05:48,030
We had long discussions
about Art Tatum.
2860
03:05:48,080 --> 03:05:49,752
Too many notes, he thought.
2861
03:05:49,800 --> 03:05:53,873
You see that in the construction
and scoring of his films.
2862
03:05:53,920 --> 03:05:57,435
Even in the theme music of Max.
2863
03:05:58,840 --> 03:06:03,595
Theme music
Philippe Sarde and Claude Sautet
2864
03:06:17,360 --> 03:06:21,433
For a long time,
Sautet was able to coat
2865
03:06:22,040 --> 03:06:24,679
that darkness
running through his work.
2866
03:06:24,720 --> 03:06:27,234
Still, people would notice it
2867
03:06:27,320 --> 03:06:29,834
in A Heart in Winter
and Nelly and Mr. Arnaud.
2868
03:06:29,880 --> 03:06:34,351
Suddenly, the chill of winter
started gaining hold.
2869
03:06:34,400 --> 03:06:36,550
But we find it in his other films.
2870
03:07:05,160 --> 03:07:09,073
For Jacques Becker
and Claude Sautet
2871
03:07:31,360 --> 03:07:33,430
And coming soon...
2872
03:07:43,880 --> 03:07:51,468
What did Louis Lumière say
to bring out his workers?
2873
03:07:51,520 --> 03:07:53,750
What was his first order?
2874
03:07:53,800 --> 03:07:56,951
The first order in the first film
in cinema history?
2875
03:07:57,000 --> 03:07:59,230
We'll have to imagine it.
We have no archives.
2876
03:07:59,280 --> 03:08:00,679
We know nothing.
2877
03:08:00,720 --> 03:08:03,837
He didn't say, "Action!"
2878
03:08:03,880 --> 03:08:06,348
"Go..." What did he say?
2879
03:08:06,400 --> 03:08:08,914
Did he call them by first names?
2880
03:08:08,960 --> 03:08:11,793
Knowing he had 55 seconds.210518
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