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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:07,000 Downloaded from YTS.MX 2 00:00:02,036 --> 00:00:12,391 [SILENCE] 3 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:13,000 Official YIFY movies site: YTS.MX 4 00:00:12,391 --> 00:00:13,979 >> EVERY TIME THERE'S ANOTHER 5 00:00:13,979 --> 00:00:15,774 NEWS STORY ABOUT THE OBESITY 6 00:00:15,774 --> 00:00:17,776 EPIDEMIC, TV AND FILM CREWS RUN 7 00:00:17,776 --> 00:00:19,812 OUT AND SHOOT FOOTAGE LIKE THIS, 8 00:00:19,812 --> 00:00:21,849 IN CASE YOU DON'T KNOW WHAT FAT 9 00:00:21,849 --> 00:00:23,057 PEOPLE LOOK LIKE. 10 00:00:23,057 --> 00:00:25,059 FRANKLY, THIS ANNOYS ME. 11 00:00:25,059 --> 00:00:26,647 HOW WOULD YOU LIKE TO SIT DOWN 12 00:00:26,647 --> 00:00:28,131 TO WATCH THE EVENING NEWS AND 13 00:00:28,131 --> 00:00:29,788 FIND OUT SOME CAMERA CREW PICKED 14 00:00:29,788 --> 00:00:31,755 YOU TO REPRESENT FAT PEOPLE 15 00:00:31,755 --> 00:00:32,480 EVERYWHERE? 16 00:00:32,480 --> 00:00:33,930 BUT THERE'S AN EVEN BIGGER 17 00:00:33,930 --> 00:00:35,069 REASON IT ANNOYS ME. 18 00:00:35,069 --> 00:00:36,795 WHEN THEY SHOW FOOTAGE LIKE THIS 19 00:00:36,795 --> 00:00:38,210 AND THEN TELL YOU THAT ONE 20 00:00:38,210 --> 00:00:39,832 QUARTER OF AMERICAN ADULTS ARE 21 00:00:39,832 --> 00:00:41,420 OBESE, YOU PROBABLY THINK A 22 00:00:41,420 --> 00:00:43,112 QUARTER OF US LOOK LIKE THIS. 23 00:00:43,112 --> 00:00:44,872 AND THAT'S BALONEY, BECAUSE I 24 00:00:44,872 --> 00:00:46,391 SHOT THIS FOOTAGE IN THREE 25 00:00:46,391 --> 00:00:48,255 DIFFERENT LOCATIONS, AND IT TOOK 26 00:00:48,255 --> 00:00:49,428 ME HOURS TO GET IT. 27 00:00:49,428 --> 00:00:51,189 IF THERE'S SUCH AN EPIDEMIC OUT 28 00:00:51,189 --> 00:00:52,949 THERE, IT SHOULD HAVE TAKEN ME 29 00:00:52,949 --> 00:00:53,743 10 MINUTES. 30 00:00:53,743 --> 00:00:55,503 THE NEXT TIME YOU HEAR THAT ONE 31 00:00:55,503 --> 00:00:57,229 QUARTER OF AMERICAN ADULTS ARE 32 00:00:57,229 --> 00:00:59,024 OBESE, HERE'S SOMETHING TO KEEP 33 00:00:59,024 --> 00:00:59,645 IN MIND. 34 00:00:59,645 --> 00:01:01,371 SEE THAT GUY RIGHT THERE? 35 00:01:01,371 --> 00:01:03,063 ACCORDING TO THE GOVERNMENT, 36 00:01:03,063 --> 00:01:03,856 HE'S OBESE. 37 00:01:03,856 --> 00:01:06,480 I KNOW BECAUSE THAT GUY IS ME. 38 00:01:06,480 --> 00:01:07,998 >> WHEN I STARTED LOOKING INTO 39 00:01:07,998 --> 00:01:09,552 THE SO-CALLED OBESITY EPIDEMIC, 40 00:01:09,552 --> 00:01:10,898 ALONG WITH WHAT SUPPOSEDLY 41 00:01:10,898 --> 00:01:12,279 CONSTITUTES A GOOD OR A BAD 42 00:01:12,279 --> 00:01:13,901 DIET, DIDN'T TAKE LONG TO FIGURE 43 00:01:13,901 --> 00:01:15,316 OUT WE'VE BEEN FED A LOAD OF 44 00:01:15,316 --> 00:01:16,352 BALONEY. 45 00:01:16,352 --> 00:01:17,767 GOVERNMENT AGENCIES HAVE BEEN 46 00:01:17,767 --> 00:01:18,768 FEEDING US BALONEY. 47 00:01:18,768 --> 00:01:20,252 RESEARCHERS AND SCIENTISTS HAVE 48 00:01:20,252 --> 00:01:21,460 BEEN FEEDING US BALONEY. 49 00:01:21,460 --> 00:01:22,979 EVEN A MUCKRAKING DOCUMENTARY 50 00:01:22,979 --> 00:01:25,154 FILMMAKER FED US A LOAD OF 51 00:01:25,154 --> 00:01:26,362 BALONEY. 52 00:01:26,362 --> 00:01:28,605 IN FACT, LET'S START WITH HIM. 53 00:01:28,605 --> 00:01:30,228 A FEW YEARS AGO, FILMMAKER 54 00:01:30,228 --> 00:01:32,126 MORGAN SPURLOCK CALLED UPON HIS 55 00:01:32,126 --> 00:01:34,059 SEVERAL DAYS OF EXPERIENCE AS A 56 00:01:34,059 --> 00:01:35,992 NUTRITION EXPERT TO IDENTIFY THE 57 00:01:35,992 --> 00:01:38,201 EVIL CULPRIT WHO'S MAKING PEOPLE 58 00:01:38,201 --> 00:01:40,721 FAT -- FAST FOOD. 59 00:01:40,721 --> 00:01:42,205 AND TO PROVE HIS POINT, HE ATE 60 00:01:42,205 --> 00:01:43,620 NOTHING BUT McDONALD'S FOR A 61 00:01:43,620 --> 00:01:45,001 MONTH AND SHOWED US HOW HIS 62 00:01:45,001 --> 00:01:47,245 ONCE-BEAUTIFUL BODY DETERIORATED 63 00:01:47,245 --> 00:01:49,488 AS HE GAINED 25 POUNDS. 64 00:01:49,488 --> 00:01:51,249 WE ALSO HEARD AN INTERESTING 65 00:01:51,249 --> 00:01:53,113 THEORY ABOUT SATURATED FAT AND 66 00:01:53,113 --> 00:01:54,942 SEXUAL PERFORMANCE THAT WE'LL 67 00:01:54,942 --> 00:01:56,875 JUST FILE UNDER THE CATEGORY OF 68 00:01:56,875 --> 00:01:58,428 "TOO MUCH INFORMATION." 69 00:01:58,428 --> 00:02:00,120 [ ZIP! ] 70 00:02:00,120 --> 00:02:01,500 [ CRASH! ] 71 00:02:01,500 --> 00:02:03,157 OF COURSE, A MOVIE ABOUT A GUY 72 00:02:03,157 --> 00:02:04,952 WHO GOES TO MICKEY D's AND GAINS 73 00:02:04,952 --> 00:02:06,505 FOUR OR FIVE POUNDS PROBABLY 74 00:02:06,505 --> 00:02:08,128 WOULDN'T MAKE A BIG SPLASH ON 75 00:02:08,128 --> 00:02:09,267 THE FILM-FESTIVAL CIRCUIT. 76 00:02:09,267 --> 00:02:10,060 [ CROWD GROANS ] 77 00:02:10,060 --> 00:02:11,959 SO SPURLOCK DIDN'T JUST EAT AT 78 00:02:11,959 --> 00:02:13,995 McDONALD'S, HE McSTUFFED HIMSELF 79 00:02:13,995 --> 00:02:15,859 ON PURPOSE FOR A SOLID MONTH, 80 00:02:15,859 --> 00:02:17,482 CONSUMING MORE THAN 5,000 81 00:02:17,482 --> 00:02:19,208 CALORIES PER DAY, INCLUDING 82 00:02:19,208 --> 00:02:20,830 NEARLY A GALLON OF SODA. 83 00:02:20,830 --> 00:02:22,245 [ CHEERS AND APPLAUSE ] 84 00:02:22,245 --> 00:02:24,316 THAT'S ONE WAY TO GET A BIG, FAT 85 00:02:24,316 --> 00:02:25,214 BOX OFFICE. 86 00:02:25,214 --> 00:02:26,801 "SUPER SIZE ME" WAS AN AMUSING 87 00:02:26,801 --> 00:02:28,424 DOCUMENTARY, BUT IT WAS FULL OF 88 00:02:28,424 --> 00:02:29,045 BALONEY. 89 00:02:29,045 --> 00:02:30,633 I MEAN, COME ON, 5,000 CALORIES 90 00:02:30,633 --> 00:02:32,255 PER DAY OF PRETTY MUCH ANYTHING 91 00:02:32,255 --> 00:02:33,912 IS GONNA MAKE YOU FAT AND SCREW 92 00:02:33,912 --> 00:02:35,465 UP YOUR HEALTH. 93 00:02:35,465 --> 00:02:37,018 ISN'T IT ALSO POSSIBLE TO LIVE 94 00:02:37,018 --> 00:02:38,537 ON FAST FOOD AND ACTUALLY LOSE 95 00:02:38,537 --> 00:02:39,435 WEIGHT? 96 00:02:39,435 --> 00:02:40,850 OR WOULD ALL THAT FATTY FOOD 97 00:02:40,850 --> 00:02:43,197 MAKE LOSING WEIGHT IMPOSSIBLE? 98 00:02:43,197 --> 00:02:45,095 MAKE LOSING WEIGHT IMPOSSIBLE? I DECIDED TO FIND OUT. 99 00:02:45,095 --> 00:03:49,850 I DECIDED TO FIND OUT. 100 00:03:49,850 --> 00:03:52,232 >> ♪ PEOPLE SAY I'M PLAYING 101 00:03:52,232 --> 00:03:53,474 GAMES ♪ 102 00:03:53,474 --> 00:03:57,616 ♪ BUT I SAY I'M A FATHEAD 103 00:03:57,616 --> 00:04:01,586 ♪ FATHEAD, FATHEAD, YEAH 104 00:04:01,586 --> 00:04:03,484 ♪ I'M GONNA START THINKING 105 00:04:03,484 --> 00:04:05,486 SMARTER ♪ 106 00:04:05,486 --> 00:04:09,490 ♪ FATHEAD, FATHEAD, YEAH 107 00:04:09,490 --> 00:04:11,354 ♪ I'M GONNA START THINKING 108 00:04:11,354 --> 00:04:13,667 SMARTER ♪ 109 00:04:13,667 --> 00:04:17,602 ♪ FATHEAD, FATHEAD, YEAH 110 00:04:17,602 --> 00:04:19,259 >> SINCE SO MANY PEOPLE WANT TO 111 00:04:19,259 --> 00:04:20,881 BLAME FAST-FOOD RESTAURANTS FOR 112 00:04:20,881 --> 00:04:22,469 MAKING PEOPLE FAT, I THOUGHT I 113 00:04:22,469 --> 00:04:24,056 SHOULD HANG AROUND McDONALD'S 114 00:04:24,056 --> 00:04:25,679 AND SEE IF ANYONE WOULD DRAG ME 115 00:04:25,679 --> 00:04:27,197 INSIDE AND MAKE ME EAT THEIR 116 00:04:27,197 --> 00:04:29,027 FOOD. 117 00:04:29,027 --> 00:04:30,994 IT DIDN'T HAPPEN. 118 00:04:30,994 --> 00:04:33,169 I WAS ALSO IGNORED BY THE STAFF 119 00:04:33,169 --> 00:04:35,240 AT TACO BELL, CARL'S JR., AND 120 00:04:35,240 --> 00:04:37,000 POPEYES CHICKEN. 121 00:04:37,000 --> 00:04:38,795 BACK AT McDONALD'S, I STARTED TO 122 00:04:38,795 --> 00:04:40,280 FEEL HUNGRY AND SLIGHTLY 123 00:04:40,280 --> 00:04:42,005 REJECTED AND WENT INSIDE FOR A 124 00:04:42,005 --> 00:04:44,076 DOUBLE CHEESEBURGER. 125 00:04:44,076 --> 00:04:45,388 AFTERWARDS, I WROTE DOWN MY 126 00:04:45,388 --> 00:04:47,770 AFTERWARDS, I WROTE DOWN MY FIRST NO-BALONEY CONCLUSION... 127 00:04:47,770 --> 00:04:51,221 FIRST NO-BALONEY CONCLUSION... 128 00:04:51,221 --> 00:04:52,947 NEXT, I VISITED A HALF-DOZEN 129 00:04:52,947 --> 00:04:54,673 DIFFERENT McDONALD'S TO SEE IF 130 00:04:54,673 --> 00:04:56,503 ANYONE WOULD FORCE ME TO CONSUME 131 00:04:56,503 --> 00:04:58,228 A BIG, SUGARY SODA OR A LARGE 132 00:04:58,228 --> 00:04:59,713 ORDER OF FRIES. 133 00:04:59,713 --> 00:05:00,748 >> TOTAL IS $4.10 AT THE FIRST 134 00:05:00,748 --> 00:05:01,093 WINDOW. 135 00:05:01,093 --> 00:05:02,163 >> OKAY. 136 00:05:02,163 --> 00:05:03,406 HEY, IF I DON'T ORDER FRIES, 137 00:05:03,406 --> 00:05:04,683 YOU DON'T TRY TO MAKE ME EAT 138 00:05:04,683 --> 00:05:06,754 THEM, DO YOU? 139 00:05:06,754 --> 00:05:07,928 >> I'M SORRY? 140 00:05:07,928 --> 00:05:09,101 >> IF I DON'T ORDER FRIES, YOU 141 00:05:09,101 --> 00:05:10,310 DON'T TRY TO MAKE ME EAT THEM, 142 00:05:10,310 --> 00:05:10,758 DO YOU? 143 00:05:10,758 --> 00:05:11,241 >> NO. 144 00:05:11,241 --> 00:05:12,622 >> OKAY. JUST CONFIRMING THAT. 145 00:05:12,622 --> 00:05:13,520 THANK YOU. 146 00:05:13,520 --> 00:05:15,142 THAT DIDN'T HAPPEN, EITHER. 147 00:05:15,142 --> 00:05:16,523 SO I WROTE DOWN MY NEXT 148 00:05:16,523 --> 00:05:18,041 SO I WROTE DOWN MY NEXT NO-BALONEY CONCLUSION... 149 00:05:18,041 --> 00:05:21,976 NO-BALONEY CONCLUSION... 150 00:05:21,976 --> 00:05:24,116 BUT JUST TO BE SURE, I PRACTICED 151 00:05:24,116 --> 00:05:26,084 STEELING MY RESOLVE. 152 00:05:26,084 --> 00:05:27,361 >> WOULD YOU LIKE A HOT APPLE 153 00:05:27,361 --> 00:05:27,741 PIE? 154 00:05:27,741 --> 00:05:28,189 >> NO. 155 00:05:28,189 --> 00:05:29,467 >> WOULD YOU LIKE A HOT-FUDGE 156 00:05:29,467 --> 00:05:29,950 SUNDAE? 157 00:05:29,950 --> 00:05:30,364 >> NO. 158 00:05:30,364 --> 00:05:31,779 >> WOULD YOU LIKE A LARGE ORDER 159 00:05:31,779 --> 00:05:32,332 OF FRIES? 160 00:05:32,332 --> 00:05:33,471 >> THOSE SMELL PRETTY GOOD. 161 00:05:33,471 --> 00:05:34,748 [ ELECTRICITY ZAPS ] 162 00:05:34,748 --> 00:05:36,232 >> WOULD YOU LIKE A LARGE ORDER 163 00:05:36,232 --> 00:05:36,784 OF FRIES? 164 00:05:36,784 --> 00:05:37,267 >> NO. 165 00:05:37,267 --> 00:05:39,166 I NOW FELT SAFE TO BEGIN MY OWN 166 00:05:39,166 --> 00:05:40,478 FAST-FOOD DIET. 167 00:05:40,478 --> 00:05:42,238 OKAY, HERE ARE MY RULES. 168 00:05:42,238 --> 00:05:44,205 FOR THE NEXT 30 DAYS, I'M GOING 169 00:05:44,205 --> 00:05:46,000 TO LIVE ON A FAST-FOOD DIET, 170 00:05:46,000 --> 00:05:47,001 MOSTLY McDONALD'S. 171 00:05:47,001 --> 00:05:48,624 BUT INSTEAD OF EATING EVERYTHING 172 00:05:48,624 --> 00:05:50,108 ON THE MENU OR ANYTHING SOME 173 00:05:50,108 --> 00:05:51,489 COUNTER CLERK SUGGESTS, I'M 174 00:05:51,489 --> 00:05:52,766 GOING TO OPERATE UNDER A 175 00:05:52,766 --> 00:05:54,733 GOING TO OPERATE UNDER A SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT PREMISE. 176 00:05:54,733 --> 00:05:58,012 SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT PREMISE. 177 00:05:58,012 --> 00:05:59,531 >> YOU WANT TO HEAR SOMETHING 178 00:05:59,531 --> 00:06:00,498 PRETTY COMPELLING? 179 00:06:00,498 --> 00:06:01,119 >> WHEW. 180 00:06:01,119 --> 00:06:02,396 THAT'LL MAKE YOU TELL YOUR 181 00:06:02,396 --> 00:06:02,948 SECRETS. 182 00:06:02,948 --> 00:06:03,811 >> YEAH. RIGHT. 183 00:06:03,811 --> 00:06:05,365 I'M LOOKING AT YOUR BRAIN WHEN I 184 00:06:05,365 --> 00:06:05,917 DO THAT. 185 00:06:05,917 --> 00:06:06,952 >> OKAY. IT'S THERE. 186 00:06:06,952 --> 00:06:08,022 >> YEAH, IT'S THERE. 187 00:06:08,022 --> 00:06:10,473 >> YEAH, IT'S THERE. COUPLE OF ROCKS. 188 00:06:10,473 --> 00:06:27,973 COUPLE OF ROCKS. 189 00:06:27,973 --> 00:06:29,250 HAVE YOU EVER BEEN TOLD YOU HAD 190 00:06:29,250 --> 00:06:29,734 A MURMUR? 191 00:06:29,734 --> 00:06:30,182 >> MNH-MNH. 192 00:06:30,182 --> 00:06:31,218 >> THAT'S BECAUSE YOU DON'T HAVE 193 00:06:31,218 --> 00:06:32,978 ONE. 194 00:06:32,978 --> 00:06:33,876 >> YOU SCARED THE HELL OUT OF 195 00:06:33,876 --> 00:06:35,878 >> YOU SCARED THE HELL OUT OF ME. 196 00:06:35,878 --> 00:06:43,679 ME. 197 00:06:43,679 --> 00:06:45,301 >> NOW, ON CAMERA, TELL ME HOW 198 00:06:45,301 --> 00:06:46,716 GOOD THAT WAS. 199 00:06:46,716 --> 00:06:47,372 >> I DIDN'T FEEL A THING. 200 00:06:47,372 --> 00:06:48,304 >> THERE YOU GO. 201 00:06:48,304 --> 00:06:49,823 >> A JUNKIE COULDN'T HAVE DONE 202 00:06:49,823 --> 00:06:50,617 THAT ANY BETTER. 203 00:06:50,617 --> 00:06:52,412 >> [ LAUGHS ] 204 00:06:52,412 --> 00:06:54,379 THAT'S NOT THE ANALOGY I WAS 205 00:06:54,379 --> 00:06:55,345 HOPING FOR. 206 00:06:55,345 --> 00:06:56,346 >> OH. OKAY. 207 00:06:56,346 --> 00:06:57,589 >> AND WHAT DO YOU DO FOR 208 00:06:57,589 --> 00:06:58,797 PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, TOM? 209 00:06:58,797 --> 00:07:00,350 >> WALK. 210 00:07:00,350 --> 00:07:02,111 >> DAILY? 211 00:07:02,111 --> 00:07:03,492 >> USUALLY TWO, THREE TIMES A 212 00:07:03,492 --> 00:07:03,906 WEEK. 213 00:07:03,906 --> 00:07:04,493 >> BRISKLY? 214 00:07:04,493 --> 00:07:05,839 >> YEAH. FOR ABOUT FIVE MILES. 215 00:07:05,839 --> 00:07:06,840 >> GOOD. GOOD. GOOD. 216 00:07:06,840 --> 00:07:08,289 AND I'M GLAD THAT YOU DON'T RUN 217 00:07:08,289 --> 00:07:09,567 'CAUSE I'M NOT A BIG FAN OF 218 00:07:09,567 --> 00:07:09,981 THAT. 219 00:07:09,981 --> 00:07:10,740 AND OUT. 220 00:07:10,740 --> 00:07:11,845 >> [ EXHALES ] 221 00:07:11,845 --> 00:07:12,293 >> OKAY. 222 00:07:12,293 --> 00:07:13,502 YOU DIDN'T TELL ME THAT YOU WORK 223 00:07:13,502 --> 00:07:14,606 OUT, BUT I'M FEELING LOTS OF 224 00:07:14,606 --> 00:07:16,021 MUSCLE HERE. 225 00:07:16,021 --> 00:07:18,230 ARE YOU JUST BLESSED WITH THIS? 226 00:07:18,230 --> 00:07:19,128 SERIOUSLY? 227 00:07:19,128 --> 00:07:21,268 >> UH, THAT'S THE GOOD NEWS. 228 00:07:21,268 --> 00:07:23,028 NOW FOR THE BAD NEWS. 229 00:07:23,028 --> 00:07:23,477 ARE WE DONE? 230 00:07:23,477 --> 00:07:24,340 >> YEAH, WE'RE DONE. 231 00:07:24,340 --> 00:07:24,823 WE'RE DONE. 232 00:07:24,823 --> 00:07:25,721 >> I'M AFRAID TO LOOK. 233 00:07:25,721 --> 00:07:27,481 >> IT'S HARD. IT'S HIGH. 234 00:07:27,481 --> 00:07:28,517 >> 31. 235 00:07:28,517 --> 00:07:29,552 >> .2. 236 00:07:29,552 --> 00:07:30,760 >> 31.2. 237 00:07:30,760 --> 00:07:32,072 MM. [ WHISTLES ] 238 00:07:32,072 --> 00:07:32,866 >> YEAH. 239 00:07:32,866 --> 00:07:36,214 SO, THAT IS HIGH. 240 00:07:36,214 --> 00:07:37,491 >> I KNEW GOING IN I WAS 241 00:07:37,491 --> 00:07:39,010 OVERWEIGHT, BUT ACCORDING TO 242 00:07:39,010 --> 00:07:40,632 THE CURRENT MEDICAL DEFINITION, 243 00:07:40,632 --> 00:07:42,151 I'M OBESE. 244 00:07:42,151 --> 00:07:43,255 OBESE? 245 00:07:43,255 --> 00:07:45,119 YOU MEAN AT 5 FOOT 11, 246 00:07:45,119 --> 00:07:47,328 206 POUNDS, I'MPART OF THE 247 00:07:47,328 --> 00:07:48,813 OBESITY EPIDEMIC? 248 00:07:48,813 --> 00:07:50,849 WELL, APPARENTLY SO, BUT WE'LL 249 00:07:50,849 --> 00:07:52,195 COME BACK TO THAT. 250 00:07:52,195 --> 00:07:54,266 >> YOUR DIET SHOULD BE ONE THAT 251 00:07:54,266 --> 00:07:56,683 YOU CAN LIVE ON AND LIVE WITH 252 00:07:56,683 --> 00:07:57,615 FOREVER. 253 00:07:57,615 --> 00:07:58,547 >> OKAY. 254 00:07:58,547 --> 00:07:59,548 >> IT SHOULDN'T BE SOMETHING 255 00:07:59,548 --> 00:08:03,241 THAT'S SO DRASTIC THAT YOU CAN'T 256 00:08:03,241 --> 00:08:04,725 POSSIBLY LIVE WITH, BECAUSE AS 257 00:08:04,725 --> 00:08:06,209 SOON AS YOU'RE OFF OF IT, YOU 258 00:08:06,209 --> 00:08:08,039 WILL -- AND STUDIES SHOW THIS 259 00:08:08,039 --> 00:08:10,006 OVER AND OVER AGAIN -- YOU WILL 260 00:08:10,006 --> 00:08:11,491 JUST REVERT TO YOUR OLD WAYS, 261 00:08:11,491 --> 00:08:13,078 AND THE WEIGHT WILL COME BACK, 262 00:08:13,078 --> 00:08:13,838 IF NOT MORE. 263 00:08:13,838 --> 00:08:15,840 IF NOT MORE. >> OKAY. 264 00:08:15,840 --> 00:08:18,463 >> OKAY. 265 00:08:18,463 --> 00:08:18,739 OKAY. 266 00:08:18,739 --> 00:08:19,740 CAN YOU GIVE ME THE NUMBERS, 267 00:08:19,740 --> 00:08:20,120 PLEASE? 268 00:08:20,120 --> 00:08:22,191 >> YES. 269 00:08:22,191 --> 00:08:24,089 WELL, YOUR CHOLESTEROL WAS A 270 00:08:24,089 --> 00:08:26,022 LITTLE BIT HIGH, BUT NOT BAD. 271 00:08:26,022 --> 00:08:27,230 IT WAS 231, BUT... 272 00:08:27,230 --> 00:08:30,924 >> WHAT WAS THE HDL AND LDL? 273 00:08:30,924 --> 00:08:32,857 >> THE HDL WAS INCREDIBLE. 274 00:08:32,857 --> 00:08:33,651 IT'S 61. 275 00:08:33,651 --> 00:08:35,204 >> NOW, IS THAT GOOD OR BAD? 276 00:08:35,204 --> 00:08:36,377 >> THAT'S VERY GOOD. 277 00:08:36,377 --> 00:08:37,206 >> IT'S GOOD? 278 00:08:37,206 --> 00:08:37,724 >> YES. 279 00:08:37,724 --> 00:08:39,139 EXCELLENT, INCREDIBLY SO. 280 00:08:39,139 --> 00:08:41,244 >> WHAT'S CONSIDERED THE, LIKE, 281 00:08:41,244 --> 00:08:42,073 THE GOOD? 282 00:08:42,073 --> 00:08:42,522 >> 39. 283 00:08:42,522 --> 00:08:43,177 >> OVER 39. 284 00:08:43,177 --> 00:08:44,454 >> YOUR TRIGLYCERIDES WERE 285 00:08:44,454 --> 00:08:44,903 GREAT. 286 00:08:44,903 --> 00:08:45,628 THEY WERE 70. 287 00:08:45,628 --> 00:08:46,664 >> THAT'S ALL RIGHT. 288 00:08:46,664 --> 00:08:47,941 WHAT'S CONSIDERED GOOD FOR 289 00:08:47,941 --> 00:08:48,700 TRIGLYCERIDES? 290 00:08:48,700 --> 00:08:50,219 >> UNDER 150. 291 00:08:50,219 --> 00:08:51,669 >> UNDER 150. 292 00:08:51,669 --> 00:08:52,773 SO, BASICALLY HDL AND 293 00:08:52,773 --> 00:08:53,981 TRIGLYCERIDES ARE GOOD. 294 00:08:53,981 --> 00:08:55,535 THE LDL IS A LITTLE HIGHER THAN 295 00:08:55,535 --> 00:08:56,605 WE'D LIKE TO SEE IT. 296 00:08:56,605 --> 00:09:00,988 WE'D LIKE TO SEE IT. >> YES. 297 00:09:00,988 --> 00:09:02,542 >> YES. 298 00:09:02,542 --> 00:09:03,957 >> SO, WHAT ARE WE HAVING? 299 00:09:03,957 --> 00:09:06,097 >> WE'RE HAVING QUINOA WITH 300 00:09:06,097 --> 00:09:08,237 PINEAPPLE-TERIYAKI TOFU AND 301 00:09:08,237 --> 00:09:10,550 CHICKEN-FLAVORED SOY DRUMLETS 302 00:09:10,550 --> 00:09:13,483 WITH SWEET-AND-SOUR SAUCE. 303 00:09:13,483 --> 00:09:14,208 >> AND THIS? 304 00:09:14,208 --> 00:09:17,177 >> CARROT JUICE. 305 00:09:17,177 --> 00:09:19,282 >> CARROT JUICE. >> HUH. 306 00:09:19,282 --> 00:09:47,897 >> HUH. 307 00:09:47,897 --> 00:09:49,381 YEAH, PEPPERONI, MUSHROOM, 308 00:09:49,381 --> 00:09:52,799 ONION, AND GREEN PEPPER. 309 00:09:52,799 --> 00:09:55,215 CASH. 310 00:09:55,215 --> 00:09:58,287 AND HOW LONG? 311 00:09:58,287 --> 00:09:59,702 AND HOW LONG? HOW LONG IF I COME PICK IT UP? 312 00:09:59,702 --> 00:10:02,015 HOW LONG IF I COME PICK IT UP? 313 00:10:02,015 --> 00:10:03,672 SO, IT'S DAY 1. 314 00:10:03,672 --> 00:10:07,330 IT'S ABOUT QUARTER TO 9:00. 315 00:10:07,330 --> 00:10:08,677 MY DAUGHTER IS IN BED. 316 00:10:08,677 --> 00:10:10,333 I'M HEADING OUT FOR DINNER. 317 00:10:10,333 --> 00:10:13,958 I'VE HAD A LITTLE FEWER THAN 318 00:10:13,958 --> 00:10:18,721 1,200 CALORIES. 319 00:10:18,721 --> 00:10:19,377 OKAY. 320 00:10:19,377 --> 00:10:23,346 THERE IT IS -- THE MOST HATED 321 00:10:23,346 --> 00:10:27,627 SYMBOL IN THE ENTIRE INDUSTRY BY 322 00:10:27,627 --> 00:10:30,664 SYMBOL IN THE ENTIRE INDUSTRY BY THE FAST-FOOD HATERS. 323 00:10:30,664 --> 00:10:38,120 THE FAST-FOOD HATERS. 324 00:10:38,120 --> 00:10:39,017 FINALLY FOUND A PLACE WHERE 325 00:10:39,017 --> 00:10:39,984 THERE'S A LITTLE BIT OF LIGHT, 326 00:10:39,984 --> 00:10:40,950 BECAUSE I DON'T HAVE A LOT OF 327 00:10:40,950 --> 00:10:43,435 NIGHT-SHOOTING EQUIPMENT. 328 00:10:43,435 --> 00:10:44,851 AND I KNOW BY NOW YOU WERE 329 00:10:44,851 --> 00:10:46,507 PROBABLY THINKING, "OKAY, HE'S 330 00:10:46,507 --> 00:10:48,095 GONNA LOSE WEIGHT EATING FAST 331 00:10:48,095 --> 00:10:48,578 FOOD. 332 00:10:48,578 --> 00:10:50,028 HE'S GONNA GO GET ALL THOSE 333 00:10:50,028 --> 00:10:51,340 GRILLED-CHICKEN SALADS. 334 00:10:51,340 --> 00:10:52,859 AND THAT'S HOW HE'S GONNA DO 335 00:10:52,859 --> 00:10:53,307 IT." 336 00:10:53,307 --> 00:10:55,862 WELL, THIS IS A DOUBLE 337 00:10:55,862 --> 00:10:59,279 QUARTER POUNDER WITH CHEESE. 338 00:10:59,279 --> 00:11:00,452 AND I'M STILL GONNA BE UNDER 339 00:11:00,452 --> 00:11:06,286 2,000 CALORIES FOR THE DAY. 340 00:11:06,286 --> 00:11:09,392 MMM. 341 00:11:09,392 --> 00:11:11,118 GROWING UP IN IOWA, I WAS AN 342 00:11:11,118 --> 00:11:12,637 ACTIVE KID AND SKINNY AS A 343 00:11:12,637 --> 00:11:14,294 RAIL, BUT WHEN MY FAMILY MOVED 344 00:11:14,294 --> 00:11:15,985 TO ILLINOIS, IT TOOK ME A LONG 345 00:11:15,985 --> 00:11:17,677 TIME TO MAKE NEW FRIENDS, SO I 346 00:11:17,677 --> 00:11:19,679 SAT AROUND AND GOT FAT, AND I'VE 347 00:11:19,679 --> 00:11:21,646 BEEN FIGHTING THAT FAT MY WHOLE 348 00:11:21,646 --> 00:11:22,164 LIFE. 349 00:11:22,164 --> 00:11:23,648 IN MY 20s, I HAD SOME 350 00:11:23,648 --> 00:11:25,615 VEGETARIAN FRIENDS WHO TOLD ME 351 00:11:25,615 --> 00:11:27,410 IF I GAVE UP MEAT, I'D LOSE 352 00:11:27,410 --> 00:11:29,309 WEIGHT, AND I DID, BUT IT WAS 353 00:11:29,309 --> 00:11:30,620 ALL IN MY MUSCLES. 354 00:11:30,620 --> 00:11:32,519 MY BELLY ACTUALLY GOT BIGGER, 355 00:11:32,519 --> 00:11:34,486 AND AFTER A COUPLE OF YEARS, I 356 00:11:34,486 --> 00:11:36,281 FELT WEAK AND TIRED ALL THE 357 00:11:36,281 --> 00:11:37,420 TIME. 358 00:11:37,420 --> 00:11:39,077 >> I WAS A VEGETARIAN FOR ABOUT 359 00:11:39,077 --> 00:11:40,596 NINE YEARS WITH ABOUT THREE 360 00:11:40,596 --> 00:11:41,701 YEARS OF BEING VERY 361 00:11:41,701 --> 00:11:43,150 STRICT VEGETARIAN, WHERE I 362 00:11:43,150 --> 00:11:46,257 CONSUMED NO ANIMAL PRODUCTS. 363 00:11:46,257 --> 00:11:47,603 AND I WAS ALSO A STRENGTH COACH 364 00:11:47,603 --> 00:11:48,949 AT THE TIME, AND THAT WAS A BAD 365 00:11:48,949 --> 00:11:50,226 COMBINATION BECAUSE I LOST MY 366 00:11:50,226 --> 00:11:51,296 STRENGTH. 367 00:11:51,296 --> 00:11:52,884 >> NEXT I TRIED THE PRITIKIN 368 00:11:52,884 --> 00:11:54,610 DIET, WHERE YOU LIMIT YOUR FAT 369 00:11:54,610 --> 00:11:56,163 TO NO MORE THAN 10% OF YOUR 370 00:11:56,163 --> 00:11:57,440 TOTAL CALORIES. 371 00:11:57,440 --> 00:11:59,753 IN FACT, I TRIED IT TWICE, AND 372 00:11:59,753 --> 00:12:03,136 BOTH TIMES I GOT DEPRESSED. 373 00:12:03,136 --> 00:12:04,896 THAT'S NOT A NATURAL CONDITION 374 00:12:04,896 --> 00:12:06,484 FOR ME. 375 00:12:06,484 --> 00:12:07,761 >> IT'S FUNNY YOU SHOULD SAY YOU 376 00:12:07,761 --> 00:12:08,935 GOT DEPRESSED ON THE PRITIKIN 377 00:12:08,935 --> 00:12:10,660 DIET, BECAUSE I ALSO TRIED A 378 00:12:10,660 --> 00:12:12,524 DIET SIMILAR TO THAT, AND IT IS 379 00:12:12,524 --> 00:12:14,250 THE ONLY TIME I'VE EVER BEEN 380 00:12:14,250 --> 00:12:15,596 DEPRESSED IN MY LIFE. 381 00:12:15,596 --> 00:12:16,943 >> PRITIKIN, BY THE WAY, CAME 382 00:12:16,943 --> 00:12:18,427 DOWN WITH LEUKEMIA AND 383 00:12:18,427 --> 00:12:19,669 COMMITTED SUICIDE. 384 00:12:19,669 --> 00:12:21,533 NEXT I TRIED THE FIT FOR LIFE 385 00:12:21,533 --> 00:12:23,087 DIET, WHICH IS ALL ABOUT 386 00:12:23,087 --> 00:12:23,950 FOOD-COMBINING. 387 00:12:23,950 --> 00:12:25,020 YOU EAT PROTEINS AND 388 00:12:25,020 --> 00:12:26,297 CARBOHYDRATES AT SEPARATE 389 00:12:26,297 --> 00:12:27,781 MEALS, AND IN THE MORNING, YOU 390 00:12:27,781 --> 00:12:29,231 CONSUME NOTHING BUT JUICE AND 391 00:12:29,231 --> 00:12:30,646 FRUIT UNTIL NOON. 392 00:12:30,646 --> 00:12:32,890 I STARTED USING A JUICER, AND I 393 00:12:32,890 --> 00:12:35,824 FELT GREAT FOR ABOUT TWO HOURS. 394 00:12:35,824 --> 00:12:37,135 WHEN THE SUGAR BUZZ FROM THE 395 00:12:37,135 --> 00:12:38,550 JUICE WORE OFF, I COULD BARELY 396 00:12:38,550 --> 00:12:41,036 STAND UP. 397 00:12:41,036 --> 00:12:43,417 SO, HOW CANPEOPLE LOSE WEIGHT? 398 00:12:43,417 --> 00:12:45,109 THE STORY WE'VE ALL HEARD ABOUT 399 00:12:45,109 --> 00:12:46,766 WEIGHT CONTROL GOES LIKE THIS. 400 00:12:46,766 --> 00:12:48,422 IF YOU EAT MORE CALORIES THAN 401 00:12:48,422 --> 00:12:49,976 YOU BURN, THE EXTRA CALORIES 402 00:12:49,976 --> 00:12:52,116 TURN TO FAT, BUT IF YOU JUST 403 00:12:52,116 --> 00:12:53,911 CONSUME FEWER CALORIES OR BURN 404 00:12:53,911 --> 00:12:55,602 MORE CALORIES BY EXERCISING, 405 00:12:55,602 --> 00:12:57,293 YOU CREATE A CALORIE DEFICIT 406 00:12:57,293 --> 00:12:58,847 AND YOU AUTOMATICALLY LOSE 407 00:12:58,847 --> 00:12:59,951 WEIGHT. 408 00:12:59,951 --> 00:13:02,471 IT'S A NICE, SIMPLE STORY, AND 409 00:13:02,471 --> 00:13:04,507 IT'S A LOAD OF BALONEY. 410 00:13:04,507 --> 00:13:06,061 >> BUT IT'S MORE COMPLICATED 411 00:13:06,061 --> 00:13:07,614 THAN THAT, BECAUSE IT'S ALSO 412 00:13:07,614 --> 00:13:09,374 IMPORTANT WHAT YOUR BODY DECIDES 413 00:13:09,374 --> 00:13:11,100 TO DO WITH THE CALORIES THAT YOU 414 00:13:11,100 --> 00:13:11,549 EAT. 415 00:13:11,549 --> 00:13:13,171 >> IN HIS GROUND-BREAKING BOOK 416 00:13:13,171 --> 00:13:14,794 "GOOD CALORIES, BAD CALORIES," 417 00:13:14,794 --> 00:13:16,278 SCIENCE WRITER GARY TAUBES 418 00:13:16,278 --> 00:13:18,107 EXPLAINS THAT PEOPLE WHO TRY TO 419 00:13:18,107 --> 00:13:19,833 STARVE THEMSELVES THIN ALMOST 420 00:13:19,833 --> 00:13:21,559 NEVER LOSE AS MUCH WEIGHT AS 421 00:13:21,559 --> 00:13:23,388 THIS EQUATION SAYS THEY SHOULD. 422 00:13:23,388 --> 00:13:25,149 AND IN STUDIES WHERE NATURALLY 423 00:13:25,149 --> 00:13:26,667 THIN PEOPLE ATE AN EXTRA 424 00:13:26,667 --> 00:13:28,221 1,000 CALORIES PER DAY FOR 425 00:13:28,221 --> 00:13:29,843 SEVERAL MONTHS, THEY BARELY 426 00:13:29,843 --> 00:13:31,638 GAINED ANY WEIGHT AT ALL. 427 00:13:31,638 --> 00:13:33,191 AFTER EXAMINING DECADES OF 428 00:13:33,191 --> 00:13:34,917 RESEARCH THAT OBESITY EXPERTS 429 00:13:34,917 --> 00:13:36,332 SEEM TO HAVE COMPLETELY 430 00:13:36,332 --> 00:13:38,093 IGNORED, TAUBES CONCLUDED THAT 431 00:13:38,093 --> 00:13:39,819 YOUR BODY'S TENDENCY TO STORE 432 00:13:39,819 --> 00:13:42,097 FAT IS DETERMINED BY HORMONES, 433 00:13:42,097 --> 00:13:44,616 MOST IMPORTANTLY INSULIN. 434 00:13:44,616 --> 00:13:46,273 >> ALL OTHER THINGS BEING EQUAL, 435 00:13:46,273 --> 00:13:47,827 IF YOU CONSUME THE SAME NUMBER 436 00:13:47,827 --> 00:13:49,311 OF CALORIES, THE HIGHER YOUR 437 00:13:49,311 --> 00:13:50,553 INSULIN IS, THE LARGER 438 00:13:50,553 --> 00:13:52,176 PROPORTION OF THOSE CALORIES YOU 439 00:13:52,176 --> 00:13:53,833 WILL DIVERT TOWARDS STORED BODY 440 00:13:53,833 --> 00:13:54,212 FAT. 441 00:13:54,212 --> 00:13:55,662 >> IF INSULIN IS UP AND YOU'RE 442 00:13:55,662 --> 00:13:57,112 NOT EATING VERY MUCH, OR YOU'RE 443 00:13:57,112 --> 00:13:58,527 EATING EVEN THE WRONG KINDS OF 444 00:13:58,527 --> 00:13:59,908 FOODS, THE KIND OF FOODS THAT 445 00:13:59,908 --> 00:14:01,357 KEEP INSULIN UP, INSULIN HOLDS 446 00:14:01,357 --> 00:14:02,669 THE FAT IN THE FAT CELL AND 447 00:14:02,669 --> 00:14:03,635 DOESN'T LET IT OUT. 448 00:14:03,635 --> 00:14:05,085 >> WHAT RAISES INSULIN -- 449 00:14:05,085 --> 00:14:06,707 INDEPENDENT OF ANY OTHER 450 00:14:06,707 --> 00:14:08,675 METABOLIC HORMONES, WHAT RAISES 451 00:14:08,675 --> 00:14:10,297 INSULIN IS CARBOHYDRATES. 452 00:14:10,297 --> 00:14:11,402 STARCH AND SUGAR, PURE AND 453 00:14:11,402 --> 00:14:12,472 SIMPLE. 454 00:14:12,472 --> 00:14:13,853 >> SO, HERE'S MY PLAN. 455 00:14:13,853 --> 00:14:15,578 USING MY FUNCTIONING BRAIN, I 456 00:14:15,578 --> 00:14:17,270 DID A FEW MINUTES OF RESEARCH 457 00:14:17,270 --> 00:14:19,099 AND FOUND THAT A MAN OF MY SIZE 458 00:14:19,099 --> 00:14:20,860 AND ACTIVITY LEVEL BURNS ABOUT 459 00:14:20,860 --> 00:14:23,103 2,500 CALORIES PER DAY. 460 00:14:23,103 --> 00:14:24,760 TO CREATE A CALORIE DEFICIT, 461 00:14:24,760 --> 00:14:26,106 I'M SETTING A TARGET OF 462 00:14:26,106 --> 00:14:28,246 2,000 CALORIES PER DAY. 463 00:14:28,246 --> 00:14:29,869 I'LL ALSO BURN A FEW EXTRA 464 00:14:29,869 --> 00:14:31,663 CALORIES BY WALKING SIX NIGHTS 465 00:14:31,663 --> 00:14:33,320 PER WEEK INSTEAD OF MY USUAL 466 00:14:33,320 --> 00:14:33,873 THREE. 467 00:14:33,873 --> 00:14:35,771 BUT HERE'S THE REALLY IMPORTANT 468 00:14:35,771 --> 00:14:36,254 PART. 469 00:14:36,254 --> 00:14:38,015 TO MAKE SURE MY BODY CAN BURN 470 00:14:38,015 --> 00:14:39,602 ITS OWN FAT FOR FUEL, I'M 471 00:14:39,602 --> 00:14:41,363 GOING TO KEEP MY INSULIN DOWN 472 00:14:41,363 --> 00:14:43,192 BY LIMITING MY CARBOHYDRATES TO 473 00:14:43,192 --> 00:14:46,816 ABOUT 100 PER DAY. 474 00:14:46,816 --> 00:14:49,750 ABOUT 100 PER DAY. BREAKFAST. 475 00:14:49,750 --> 00:15:31,033 BREAKFAST. 476 00:15:31,033 --> 00:15:33,070 >> ♪ SOMETHING HERE JUST DOESN'T 477 00:15:33,070 --> 00:15:33,829 ADD UP ♪ 478 00:15:33,829 --> 00:15:35,865 ♪ SOMETHING HERE JUST DOESN'T GO 479 00:15:35,865 --> 00:15:36,452 DOWN ♪ 480 00:15:36,452 --> 00:15:38,420 ♪ SOMETHING HERE JUST DOESN'T 481 00:15:38,420 --> 00:15:39,145 ADD UP ♪ 482 00:15:39,145 --> 00:15:40,387 ♪ SOMETHING HERE JUST DOESN'T GO 483 00:15:40,387 --> 00:15:40,767 DOWN ♪ 484 00:15:40,767 --> 00:15:41,837 >> OKAY. I ADMIT IT. 485 00:15:41,837 --> 00:15:43,597 AS A COMPUTER PROGRAMMER, I KIND 486 00:15:43,597 --> 00:15:44,460 OF LIKE MATH. 487 00:15:44,460 --> 00:15:46,221 SO LET'S DO SOME, AND I PROMISE 488 00:15:46,221 --> 00:15:47,256 IT WON'T BE HARD. 489 00:15:47,256 --> 00:15:48,844 EVEN THE REVIEWERS WHO LOVE 490 00:15:48,844 --> 00:15:50,466 "SUPER SIZE ME" COULD DO THIS 491 00:15:50,466 --> 00:15:51,916 MATH IF THEY WANTED TO. 492 00:15:51,916 --> 00:15:53,262 >> MORGAN SPURLOCK ATE AT 493 00:15:53,262 --> 00:15:54,954 McDONALD'S FOR 30 DAYS USING 494 00:15:54,954 --> 00:15:55,816 THESE RULES. 495 00:15:55,816 --> 00:15:57,542 "I WILL EAT THREE SQUARE MEALS 496 00:15:57,542 --> 00:15:58,198 PER DAY. 497 00:15:58,198 --> 00:15:59,924 "I WILL EAT EVERYTHING ON THE 498 00:15:59,924 --> 00:16:01,098 MENU AT LEAST ONCE. 499 00:16:01,098 --> 00:16:02,858 I WILL ONLY SUPER-SIZE A MEAL 500 00:16:02,858 --> 00:16:03,893 IF THEY ASK ME." 501 00:16:03,893 --> 00:16:05,412 THERE'S NO SUCH THING AS A 502 00:16:05,412 --> 00:16:07,173 SUPER-SIZED BREAKFAST, SO THAT 503 00:16:07,173 --> 00:16:08,933 LEAVES 60 LUNCHES AND DINNERS, 504 00:16:08,933 --> 00:16:10,693 BUT SPURLOCK WAS ONLY ASKED TO 505 00:16:10,693 --> 00:16:12,316 SUPER-SIZE NINE TIMES, WHICH 506 00:16:12,316 --> 00:16:14,283 MEANS, ACCORDING TO HIS RULES, 507 00:16:14,283 --> 00:16:16,285 51 LUNCHES AND DINNERS WERE NOT 508 00:16:16,285 --> 00:16:17,217 SUPER-SIZED. 509 00:16:17,217 --> 00:16:19,012 SO LET'S PUT TOGETHER THREE 510 00:16:19,012 --> 00:16:20,600 MEALS A DAY USING LARGE 511 00:16:20,600 --> 00:16:22,429 COMBINATIONS AND SEE WHAT WE 512 00:16:22,429 --> 00:16:22,947 GET. 513 00:16:22,947 --> 00:16:24,535 FOR BREAKFAST, WE'LL GO WITH A 514 00:16:24,535 --> 00:16:25,881 BACON-EGG-CHEESE BISCUIT, 515 00:16:25,881 --> 00:16:27,503 HASH BROWNS, AND A LARGE ORANGE 516 00:16:27,503 --> 00:16:28,988 JUICE, FOR LUNCH, A BIG MAC, 517 00:16:28,988 --> 00:16:30,506 LARGE FRIES, AND LARGE COKE, 518 00:16:30,506 --> 00:16:31,887 AND FOR DINNER, A QUARTER 519 00:16:31,887 --> 00:16:33,268 POUNDER WITH CHEESE, LARGE 520 00:16:33,268 --> 00:16:34,786 FRIES, AND LARGE COKE. 521 00:16:34,786 --> 00:16:35,856 WAIT A SECOND. 522 00:16:35,856 --> 00:16:37,927 THAT'S NOT EVEN 3,600 CALORIES. 523 00:16:37,927 --> 00:16:39,895 IN "SUPER SIZE ME," SPURLOCK'S 524 00:16:39,895 --> 00:16:41,931 NUTRITIONIST TOLD HIM NOT ONCE, 525 00:16:41,931 --> 00:16:44,003 BUT TWICE, THAT HE WAS CONSUMING 526 00:16:44,003 --> 00:16:46,005 MORE THAN 5,000 CALORIES EVERY 527 00:16:46,005 --> 00:16:46,522 DAY. 528 00:16:46,522 --> 00:16:47,109 OKAY. 529 00:16:47,109 --> 00:16:48,386 LET'S TRY AGAIN. 530 00:16:48,386 --> 00:16:49,870 THIS TIME WE'LL HAVE AN EGG 531 00:16:49,870 --> 00:16:51,424 McMUFFIN, LARGE ORANGE JUICE, 532 00:16:51,424 --> 00:16:53,115 AND HASH BROWNS, A BIG N' TASTY, 533 00:16:53,115 --> 00:16:54,634 LARGE COKE, AND LARGE FRIES, 534 00:16:54,634 --> 00:16:56,187 AND FOR DINNER, WE'LL GO WITH 535 00:16:56,187 --> 00:16:57,809 THE FILET-O-FISH, LARGE FRIES, 536 00:16:57,809 --> 00:16:59,880 LARGE COKE, AND WHAT THE HECK, 537 00:16:59,880 --> 00:17:01,951 A HOT-FUDGE SUNDAE FOR DESSERT. 538 00:17:01,951 --> 00:17:03,436 ISN'T THAT STRANGE? 539 00:17:03,436 --> 00:17:05,714 EVEN WITH A DESSERT, I'M AT JUST 540 00:17:05,714 --> 00:17:07,750 OVER 3,600 CALORIES. 541 00:17:07,750 --> 00:17:09,269 SOMETHING DOESN'T ADD UP. 542 00:17:09,269 --> 00:17:10,995 WELL, LET'S TRY A SUPER-SIZE 543 00:17:10,995 --> 00:17:11,444 DAY. 544 00:17:11,444 --> 00:17:13,273 WE'LL HAVE A SAUSAGE-EGG-CHEESE 545 00:17:13,273 --> 00:17:14,895 McGRIDDLE, LARGE O.J., AND 546 00:17:14,895 --> 00:17:16,414 HASH BROWNS, FOLLOWED BY A 547 00:17:16,414 --> 00:17:18,037 BIG MAC, SUPER-SIZED FRIES, 548 00:17:18,037 --> 00:17:19,590 SUPER-SIZED COKE, AND FOR 549 00:17:19,590 --> 00:17:21,454 DINNER, A DOUBLE QUARTER POUNDER 550 00:17:21,454 --> 00:17:23,283 WITH CHEESE, SUPER-SIZED FRIES, 551 00:17:23,283 --> 00:17:24,422 SUPER-SIZED COKE. 552 00:17:24,422 --> 00:17:26,424 THAT'S A LOT OF CALORIES, BUT 553 00:17:26,424 --> 00:17:28,495 I'M STILL 800 CALORIES SHORT OF 554 00:17:28,495 --> 00:17:30,428 WHAT SPURLOCK CONSUMED EVERY 555 00:17:30,428 --> 00:17:30,980 DAY. 556 00:17:30,980 --> 00:17:32,810 AND I JUST SUPER-SIZED TWO 557 00:17:32,810 --> 00:17:33,466 MEALS. 558 00:17:33,466 --> 00:17:35,399 TO GET MY CALORIE COUNT EVEN 559 00:17:35,399 --> 00:17:36,917 CLOSE TO SPURLOCKIAN 560 00:17:36,917 --> 00:17:38,333 PROPORTIONS, I HAVE TO 561 00:17:38,333 --> 00:17:40,266 SUPER-SIZE MY LUNCH, SUPER-SIZE 562 00:17:40,266 --> 00:17:42,061 MY DINNER, THEN THROW IN TWO 563 00:17:42,061 --> 00:17:42,751 DESSERTS. 564 00:17:42,751 --> 00:17:44,546 SO, HOW DID A GUY WHO CLAIMED 565 00:17:44,546 --> 00:17:46,444 TO EAT THREE MEALS PER DAY AND 566 00:17:46,444 --> 00:17:48,239 ONLY SUPER-SIZE NINE MEALS IN 567 00:17:48,239 --> 00:17:49,861 AN ENTIRE MONTH MANAGE TO 568 00:17:49,861 --> 00:17:52,450 CONSUME MORE THAN 5,000 CALORIES 569 00:17:52,450 --> 00:17:53,934 EACH AND EVERY DAY? 570 00:17:53,934 --> 00:17:54,349 HI. 571 00:17:54,349 --> 00:17:55,626 I'M WORKING ON A DOCUMENTARY 572 00:17:55,626 --> 00:17:56,937 THAT'S SORT OF A FOLLOW-UP TO 573 00:17:56,937 --> 00:17:57,731 "SUPER SIZE ME." 574 00:17:57,731 --> 00:17:59,008 I WAS WONDERING IF THERE WAS 575 00:17:59,008 --> 00:18:00,286 SOME WAY I COULD GET AHOLD OF 576 00:18:00,286 --> 00:18:01,528 MORGAN SPURLOCK. 577 00:18:01,528 --> 00:18:03,427 I NEED TO SEE HIS FOOD LOG. 578 00:18:03,427 --> 00:18:03,772 HI. 579 00:18:03,772 --> 00:18:05,325 I'M DOING SORT OF A DOCUMENTARY 580 00:18:05,325 --> 00:18:06,844 FOLLOW-UP TO "SUPER SIZE ME." 581 00:18:06,844 --> 00:18:08,225 I WAS WONDERING IF THERE'S A 582 00:18:08,225 --> 00:18:09,640 CONTACT NUMBER FOR THE CON, 583 00:18:09,640 --> 00:18:11,090 MORGAN SPURLOCK'S PRODUCTION 584 00:18:11,090 --> 00:18:11,642 COMPANY. 585 00:18:11,642 --> 00:18:13,402 I WAS HOPING TO SEE HIS FOOD 586 00:18:13,402 --> 00:18:13,920 LOG. 587 00:18:13,920 --> 00:18:14,438 OKAY. 588 00:18:14,438 --> 00:18:16,164 WHAT'S YOUR E-MAIL ADDRESS? 589 00:18:16,164 --> 00:18:17,751 I WOULD LIKE TO GET AHOLD OF THE 590 00:18:17,751 --> 00:18:20,237 FOOD DIARY THAT SPURLOCK KEPT 591 00:18:20,237 --> 00:18:22,653 DURING THAT MONTH. 592 00:18:22,653 --> 00:18:23,757 SEVERAL JOURNALISTS HAVE 593 00:18:23,757 --> 00:18:25,380 ASKED SPURLOCK TO LET THEM SEE 594 00:18:25,380 --> 00:18:27,106 HIS SUPER-SIZED FOOD LOG. 595 00:18:27,106 --> 00:18:29,763 THE ANSWER IN EVERY CASE WAS NO. 596 00:18:29,763 --> 00:18:32,076 ONE OF SPURLOCK'S AGENTS ASKED 597 00:18:32,076 --> 00:18:34,458 ME TO PUT MY REQUEST IN WRITING, 598 00:18:34,458 --> 00:18:35,355 SO I DID. 599 00:18:35,355 --> 00:18:37,461 AND I NEVER GOT A RESPONSE. 600 00:18:37,461 --> 00:18:39,118 AT THE END OF "SUPER SIZE ME," 601 00:18:39,118 --> 00:18:40,878 SPURLOCK CALLED UPON McDONALD'S 602 00:18:40,878 --> 00:18:42,569 TO GET RID OF THOSE SUPER-SIZED 603 00:18:42,569 --> 00:18:43,501 MEALS. 604 00:18:43,501 --> 00:18:44,985 THIS ANNOYS ME. 605 00:18:44,985 --> 00:18:46,401 YOU KNOW, IF McDONALD'S WANTS TO 606 00:18:46,401 --> 00:18:48,196 SELL ME A BUCKET OF FRENCH FRIES 607 00:18:48,196 --> 00:18:49,956 FOR 50 CENTS AND I WANT TO BUY 608 00:18:49,956 --> 00:18:51,440 THEM, THAT'S BETWEEN ME AND 609 00:18:51,440 --> 00:18:52,200 McDONALD'S. 610 00:18:52,200 --> 00:18:53,511 IT'S REALLY NONE OF HIS 611 00:18:53,511 --> 00:18:54,167 BUSINESS. 612 00:18:54,167 --> 00:18:55,824 AND BY THE WAY, McDONALD'S DID 613 00:18:55,824 --> 00:18:57,550 STOP SUPER-SIZING A COUPLE YEARS 614 00:18:57,550 --> 00:18:59,276 AGO, AND I DON'T REMEMBER SEEING 615 00:18:59,276 --> 00:19:03,935 THIS HEADLINE. 616 00:19:03,935 --> 00:19:05,799 AND SPURLOCK SOMEHOW MANAGED TO 617 00:19:05,799 --> 00:19:07,525 GAIN 25 POUNDS IN 30 DAYS IN 618 00:19:07,525 --> 00:19:09,320 SPITE OF THE FACT THAT HE ONLY 619 00:19:09,320 --> 00:19:11,219 SUPER-SIZED AN AVERAGE OF TWICE 620 00:19:11,219 --> 00:19:13,152 A WEEK, WHICH MEANS SUPER-SIZING 621 00:19:13,152 --> 00:19:14,981 WAS NOT THE PROBLEM, NOT IF HE 622 00:19:14,981 --> 00:19:16,810 FOLLOWED HIS OWN RULES, WHICH 623 00:19:16,810 --> 00:19:18,778 COMMON SENSE AND A LITTLE BASIC 624 00:19:18,778 --> 00:19:20,814 MATH SAYS HE DIDN'T. 625 00:19:20,814 --> 00:19:22,644 >> ♪ SOMETHING HERE JUST DOESN'T 626 00:19:22,644 --> 00:19:23,472 ADD UP ♪ 627 00:19:23,472 --> 00:19:25,509 ♪ SOMETHING HERE JUST DOESN'T GO 628 00:19:25,509 --> 00:19:26,475 DOWN ♪ 629 00:19:26,475 --> 00:19:28,097 ♪ SOMETHING HERE JUST DOESN'T 630 00:19:28,097 --> 00:19:29,133 ADD UP ♪ 631 00:19:29,133 --> 00:19:30,859 >> SO, HOW DID SPURLOCK MANAGE 632 00:19:30,859 --> 00:19:32,481 TO KEEP SUCH A DETAILED FOOD 633 00:19:32,481 --> 00:19:33,275 LOG, ANYWAY? 634 00:19:33,275 --> 00:19:35,139 IN "SUPER SIZE ME," HE DELIVERED 635 00:19:35,139 --> 00:19:36,589 THE SHOCKING NEWS THAT HE 636 00:19:36,589 --> 00:19:38,177 COULDN'T FIND ANY NUTRITION 637 00:19:38,177 --> 00:19:39,868 INFORMATION AT ONE QUARTER OF 638 00:19:39,868 --> 00:19:41,559 THE McDONALD'S RESTAURANTS IN 639 00:19:41,559 --> 00:19:42,802 MANHATTAN. 640 00:19:42,802 --> 00:19:44,252 OF COURSE, HE ALSO SHOWED US 641 00:19:44,252 --> 00:19:45,805 THAT MANHATTAN IS PRACTICALLY 642 00:19:45,805 --> 00:19:47,427 LITTERED WITH McDONALD'S, WHICH 643 00:19:47,427 --> 00:19:48,877 MEANS YOU COULD JUST WALK A 644 00:19:48,877 --> 00:19:50,292 COUPLE OF BLOCKS TO ANOTHER 645 00:19:50,292 --> 00:19:51,776 McDONALD'S AND LOOK AT THEIR 646 00:19:51,776 --> 00:19:52,881 NUTRITION MENU. 647 00:19:52,881 --> 00:19:54,365 YOU'D EVEN GET A LITTLE 648 00:19:54,365 --> 00:19:55,642 EXERCISE THAT WAY. 649 00:19:55,642 --> 00:19:57,472 NUTRITION INFORMATION IS ALSO 650 00:19:57,472 --> 00:19:59,198 AVAILABLE ON THE McDONALD'S 651 00:19:59,198 --> 00:19:59,922 WEBSITE. 652 00:19:59,922 --> 00:20:01,717 YOU CAN EVEN DOWNLOAD IT AND 653 00:20:01,717 --> 00:20:03,202 PRINT IT FROM YOUR HOME 654 00:20:03,202 --> 00:20:03,685 COMPUTER. 655 00:20:03,685 --> 00:20:04,444 BUT WAIT. 656 00:20:04,444 --> 00:20:06,446 USING A LARGE, UGLY BUILDING TO 657 00:20:06,446 --> 00:20:08,414 REPRESENT POOR PEOPLE, SPURLOCK 658 00:20:08,414 --> 00:20:10,312 TOLD US THAT ONLY HALF OF ALL 659 00:20:10,312 --> 00:20:12,211 AMERICANS HAVE INTERNET ACCESS 660 00:20:12,211 --> 00:20:14,178 AT HOME AND WONDERED, "WHAT ARE 661 00:20:14,178 --> 00:20:16,007 THESE PEOPLE SUPPOSED TO DO?" 662 00:20:16,007 --> 00:20:17,699 WELL, I SUPPOSE THEY COULD GO 663 00:20:17,699 --> 00:20:19,425 TO A LIBRARY OR A SCHOOL OR AN 664 00:20:19,425 --> 00:20:21,047 INTERNET CAFé OR ONE OF THE 665 00:20:21,047 --> 00:20:22,773 THOUSANDS OF OTHER PLACES WITH 666 00:20:22,773 --> 00:20:24,084 INTERNET ACCESS. 667 00:20:24,084 --> 00:20:26,570 OR HERE'S ANOTHER IDEA. 668 00:20:26,570 --> 00:20:28,192 YOU KNOW, BACK BEFORE COMPUTERS 669 00:20:28,192 --> 00:20:29,676 AND THE INTERNET, A LOT OF US 670 00:20:29,676 --> 00:20:31,299 WERE PRETTY ADEPT AT USING THESE 671 00:20:31,299 --> 00:20:33,059 LOW-TECH, COMPACT DATA 672 00:20:33,059 --> 00:20:36,131 REPOSITORIES, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS 673 00:20:36,131 --> 00:20:37,374 BOOKS. 674 00:20:37,374 --> 00:20:38,651 I WENT TO THE SMALLEST 675 00:20:38,651 --> 00:20:40,273 BOOKSTORE IN MY AREA AND FOUND 676 00:20:40,273 --> 00:20:41,757 SEVEN BOOKS THAT LIST FULL 677 00:20:41,757 --> 00:20:43,345 NUTRITION INFORMATION FOR ALL 678 00:20:43,345 --> 00:20:45,036 THE FAST-FOOD CHAINS. 679 00:20:45,036 --> 00:20:47,038 THERE IT IS -- EVERYTHING FROM 680 00:20:47,038 --> 00:20:49,075 ARBY'S TO PIZZA HUT TO WENDY'S. 681 00:20:49,075 --> 00:20:50,766 SO IT TURNS OUT NUTRITION 682 00:20:50,766 --> 00:20:52,734 INFORMATION IS ACTUALLY PRETTY 683 00:20:52,734 --> 00:20:53,769 EASY TO FIND. 684 00:20:53,769 --> 00:20:55,461 AND IF YOU REALLY WANT TO LOSE 685 00:20:55,461 --> 00:20:56,979 WEIGHT, YOU WILL FIND IT. 686 00:20:56,979 --> 00:20:58,429 BUT EVEN WITHOUT ALL THAT 687 00:20:58,429 --> 00:21:00,155 INFORMATION, ARE PEOPLE REALLY 688 00:21:00,155 --> 00:21:01,881 GETTING FAT ON FAST FOOD 689 00:21:01,881 --> 00:21:03,434 WITHOUT KNOWING WHY? 690 00:21:03,434 --> 00:21:04,470 I HAVE HERE A DOUBLE QUARTER 691 00:21:04,470 --> 00:21:05,505 POUNDER WITH CHEESE, A LARGE 692 00:21:05,505 --> 00:21:06,506 ORDER OF FRIES, AND A LARGE 693 00:21:06,506 --> 00:21:06,851 COKE. 694 00:21:06,851 --> 00:21:07,266 >> RIGHT. 695 00:21:07,266 --> 00:21:08,508 >> NOW, IS THAT A HIGH-CALORIE 696 00:21:08,508 --> 00:21:09,613 MEAL OR A LOW-CALORIE MEAL? 697 00:21:09,613 --> 00:21:10,614 >> DEFINITELY I'D SAY A 698 00:21:10,614 --> 00:21:11,408 HIGH-CALORIE MEAL. 699 00:21:11,408 --> 00:21:12,685 >> I WOULD SAY THAT'S A HELL OF 700 00:21:12,685 --> 00:21:13,755 A LOT OF CALORIES. 701 00:21:13,755 --> 00:21:14,859 >> A HELL OF A LOT. 702 00:21:14,859 --> 00:21:15,688 >> VERY HIGH. 703 00:21:15,688 --> 00:21:16,516 >> VERY HIGH? 704 00:21:16,516 --> 00:21:17,345 >> VERY HIGH. 705 00:21:17,345 --> 00:21:18,794 >> I BELIEVE, HONEST, IT'S 706 00:21:18,794 --> 00:21:19,623 HIGH-CALORIE. 707 00:21:19,623 --> 00:21:20,589 >> HIGH-CALORIE. 708 00:21:20,589 --> 00:21:22,177 >> I KNOW IT'S A HIGH-CALORIE 709 00:21:22,177 --> 00:21:22,626 MEAL. 710 00:21:22,626 --> 00:21:23,868 >> GIVE ME A ROUGH GUESS. 711 00:21:23,868 --> 00:21:25,284 HOW MANY CALORIES HERE? 712 00:21:25,284 --> 00:21:26,906 >> I WOULD SAY MAYBE -- BOTH 713 00:21:26,906 --> 00:21:27,562 CARROTS? 714 00:21:27,562 --> 00:21:29,253 >> JUST IN THE CARROTS, YEAH. 715 00:21:29,253 --> 00:21:29,943 COMBINED. 716 00:21:29,943 --> 00:21:31,324 LARGE ORDER OF CARROTS. 717 00:21:31,324 --> 00:21:32,739 >> I WOULD SAY MAYBE 25 718 00:21:32,739 --> 00:21:33,430 CALORIES. 719 00:21:33,430 --> 00:21:34,085 >> OKAY. 720 00:21:34,085 --> 00:21:35,673 HOW MANY CALORIES IN THERE? 721 00:21:35,673 --> 00:21:36,985 >> I'D SAY MAYBE 500. 722 00:21:36,985 --> 00:21:38,055 >> DEFINITELY HIGH-CALORIE. 723 00:21:38,055 --> 00:21:39,125 >> DEFINITELY HIGH-CALORIE? 724 00:21:39,125 --> 00:21:39,539 >> YEAH. 725 00:21:39,539 --> 00:21:40,609 >> OH, THAT'S HIGH CALORIES -- 726 00:21:40,609 --> 00:21:41,817 AS MANY CALORIES AS YOU CAN GET 727 00:21:41,817 --> 00:21:42,301 INTO A MEAL. 728 00:21:42,301 --> 00:21:42,887 >> A LOT. 729 00:21:42,887 --> 00:21:44,130 >> IT'S A LOT OF CALORIES? 730 00:21:44,130 --> 00:21:44,682 >> A LOT. 731 00:21:44,682 --> 00:21:46,028 >> AND HOW DID YOU KNOW THAT? 732 00:21:46,028 --> 00:21:46,822 >> I JUST KNOW. 733 00:21:46,822 --> 00:21:48,237 >> ACTUALLY, JUST COMMON SENSE 734 00:21:48,237 --> 00:21:48,893 PRETTY MUCH. 735 00:21:48,893 --> 00:21:49,722 >> COMMON SENSE? 736 00:21:49,722 --> 00:21:51,068 >> I'D HAVE TO SAY SO, YEAH. 737 00:21:51,068 --> 00:21:52,483 >> UH, IT'S A CHEESEBURGER AND 738 00:21:52,483 --> 00:21:52,932 FRIES. 739 00:21:52,932 --> 00:21:53,933 >> UM, COMMON SENSE. 740 00:21:53,933 --> 00:21:54,761 >> COMMON SENSE? 741 00:21:54,761 --> 00:21:55,590 >> COMMON SENSE. 742 00:21:55,590 --> 00:21:56,832 >> LIKE THE STUFF UP HERE? 743 00:21:56,832 --> 00:21:57,316 >> YEAH. 744 00:21:57,316 --> 00:21:58,731 >> NOW, HOW DID YOU KNOW THAT? 745 00:21:58,731 --> 00:22:00,077 DID RONALD McDONALD TELL YOU? 746 00:22:00,077 --> 00:22:01,320 >> NO, NO CLOWN HAS EVER TOLD ME 747 00:22:01,320 --> 00:22:02,459 THAT IT'S A HIGH-CALORIE MEAL. 748 00:22:02,459 --> 00:22:04,495 >> WITH THE FRIES AND THE BURGER 749 00:22:04,495 --> 00:22:06,325 AND THE DRINK, IT JUST SEEMS 750 00:22:06,325 --> 00:22:08,292 LIKE A HIGH-CALORIE MEAL. 751 00:22:08,292 --> 00:22:09,535 >> IF YOU ATE LIKE THIS ALL THE 752 00:22:09,535 --> 00:22:10,708 TIME AND THEN SAT AROUND ALL 753 00:22:10,708 --> 00:22:11,847 DAY, WHAT DO YOU THINK WOULD 754 00:22:11,847 --> 00:22:12,296 HAPPEN? 755 00:22:12,296 --> 00:22:13,366 >> I WOULD BE VERY FAT. 756 00:22:13,366 --> 00:22:16,024 >> UM... 757 00:22:16,024 --> 00:22:17,474 >> IF YOU ATE LIKE THIS FOUR OR 758 00:22:17,474 --> 00:22:18,889 FIVE TIMES A DAY AND THEN SAT 759 00:22:18,889 --> 00:22:20,166 AROUND ALL DAY, WHAT WOULD 760 00:22:20,166 --> 00:22:20,925 HAPPEN TO YOU? 761 00:22:20,925 --> 00:22:22,582 >> YOU'D GET FAT! 762 00:22:22,582 --> 00:22:24,101 >> YOU WOULD LOOK LIKE OPRAH 763 00:22:24,101 --> 00:22:25,136 BACK IN THE '80s. 764 00:22:25,136 --> 00:22:26,759 >> I DIDN'T EVEN SEE YOUR MOUTH 765 00:22:26,759 --> 00:22:27,242 MOVE. 766 00:22:27,242 --> 00:22:28,899 IN FACT, THIS ABILITY TO 767 00:22:28,899 --> 00:22:30,590 RECOGNIZE HIGH-CALORIE FOOD 768 00:22:30,590 --> 00:22:32,351 SEEMS TO BE NEARLY UNIVERSAL. 769 00:22:32,351 --> 00:22:33,835 >> AND WHERE ARE YOU FROM? 770 00:22:33,835 --> 00:22:35,043 >> LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA. 771 00:22:35,043 --> 00:22:36,078 >> I'M ORIGINALLY FROM 772 00:22:36,078 --> 00:22:37,183 SOUTH CAROLINA, ACTUALLY. 773 00:22:37,183 --> 00:22:38,218 >> WE'RE FROM HOLLAND. 774 00:22:38,218 --> 00:22:39,047 >> MASSACHUSETTS. 775 00:22:39,047 --> 00:22:40,048 >> WHERE ARE YOU FROM? 776 00:22:40,048 --> 00:22:40,807 >> JAPAN. 777 00:22:40,807 --> 00:22:42,291 >> MY NAME IS NATASHA. 778 00:22:42,291 --> 00:22:43,189 >> NATASHA? 779 00:22:43,189 --> 00:22:44,535 >> NATASHA. YES. 780 00:22:44,535 --> 00:22:45,605 >> WHERE ARE YOU FROM? 781 00:22:45,605 --> 00:22:46,192 >> RUSSIA. 782 00:22:46,192 --> 00:22:47,366 >> CAN YOU SAY "MOOSE AND 783 00:22:47,366 --> 00:22:47,952 SQUIRREL"? 784 00:22:47,952 --> 00:22:48,470 >> WHAT? 785 00:22:48,470 --> 00:22:49,506 >> WHERE ARE YOU FROM? 786 00:22:49,506 --> 00:22:50,196 >> BULGARIA. 787 00:22:50,196 --> 00:22:50,852 >> BULGARIA? 788 00:22:50,852 --> 00:22:51,922 >> MOOSE AND SQUIRREL. 789 00:22:51,922 --> 00:22:52,405 >> OKAY. 790 00:22:52,405 --> 00:22:53,372 OKAY, SURE. 791 00:22:53,372 --> 00:22:55,270 YOU AND I KNOW HIGH-CALORIE FOOD 792 00:22:55,270 --> 00:22:56,961 WHEN WE SEE IT, BUT WHEN I'VE 793 00:22:56,961 --> 00:22:58,238 DISCUSSED THE MERITS OF 794 00:22:58,238 --> 00:23:00,033 "SUPER SIZE ME" WITH MY FRIENDS 795 00:23:00,033 --> 00:23:01,794 AND ASSOCIATES, I'VE NOTICED A 796 00:23:01,794 --> 00:23:02,864 CURIOUS PATTERN. 797 00:23:02,864 --> 00:23:04,728 ALMOST EVERYONE WHO REALLY LIKES 798 00:23:04,728 --> 00:23:06,488 THAT MOVIE SHARES A COMMON AND 799 00:23:06,488 --> 00:23:08,076 DEARLY HELD BELIEF. 800 00:23:08,076 --> 00:23:10,768 [ BOING! ] 801 00:23:10,768 --> 00:23:12,114 >> ONE OF THE THINGS THAT STRUCK 802 00:23:12,114 --> 00:23:13,357 ME MOST ABOUT "SUPER SIZE ME" 803 00:23:13,357 --> 00:23:14,600 WAS THAT THERE ARE THESE IMAGES 804 00:23:14,600 --> 00:23:15,946 OF THESE AFRICAN-AMERICAN TEENS, 805 00:23:15,946 --> 00:23:17,257 AND THEY WERE TALKING ABOUT HOW 806 00:23:17,257 --> 00:23:18,742 MUCH THEY LIKED McDONALD'S. 807 00:23:18,742 --> 00:23:20,019 AND THERE'S THIS IMPLICATION OF, 808 00:23:20,019 --> 00:23:21,296 LIKE, "OH, LOOK HOW STUPID THESE 809 00:23:21,296 --> 00:23:21,779 KIDS ARE. 810 00:23:21,779 --> 00:23:23,056 THEY DON'T EVEN KNOW WHAT'S GOOD 811 00:23:23,056 --> 00:23:24,299 FOR THEM," AND THAT, YOU KNOW, 812 00:23:24,299 --> 00:23:25,542 WE HAVE TO REALLY PUT THE ONUS 813 00:23:25,542 --> 00:23:26,750 ON McDONALD'S TO TAKE CARE OF 814 00:23:26,750 --> 00:23:27,992 THEM BECAUSE THESE KIDS CAN'T 815 00:23:27,992 --> 00:23:29,235 MAKE DECISIONS FOR THEMSELVES. 816 00:23:29,235 --> 00:23:31,168 WELL, YOU KNOW, WHO IS 817 00:23:31,168 --> 00:23:32,549 MORGAN SPURLOCK OR ANY OF US TO 818 00:23:32,549 --> 00:23:33,929 SORT OF DETERMINE WHAT SOMEBODY 819 00:23:33,929 --> 00:23:35,310 ELSE CAN AND CANNOT EAT, OR TO 820 00:23:35,310 --> 00:23:36,622 KNOW WHAT OTHER PEOPLE KNOW IS 821 00:23:36,622 --> 00:23:37,864 GOOD OR NOT GOOD FOR THEM? 822 00:23:37,864 --> 00:23:39,038 ENGENDERED IN THAT IS ALSO A 823 00:23:39,038 --> 00:23:40,246 CERTAIN KIND OF PATERNALISM. 824 00:23:40,246 --> 00:23:41,212 AND ONCE AGAIN, IT'S A 825 00:23:41,212 --> 00:23:42,421 PATERNALISM THAT'S DIRECTED AT 826 00:23:42,421 --> 00:23:44,250 THE POOR, AT MINORITIES, 827 00:23:44,250 --> 00:23:45,527 SOMEHOW OR ANOTHER THAT THOSE 828 00:23:45,527 --> 00:23:46,873 PEOPLE CAN'T MAKE DECISIONS FOR 829 00:23:46,873 --> 00:23:48,288 THEMSELVES AND THAT THERE'S SOME 830 00:23:48,288 --> 00:23:49,600 OTHER FORCE THAT NEEDS TO COME 831 00:23:49,600 --> 00:23:51,326 IN AND MAKE DECISIONS FOR THEM, 832 00:23:51,326 --> 00:23:52,327 WHEN IN FACT, THEY'RE VERY HAPPY 833 00:23:52,327 --> 00:23:53,052 TO MAKE DECISIONS FOR 834 00:23:53,052 --> 00:23:53,466 THEMSELVES. 835 00:23:53,466 --> 00:23:54,398 IN FACT, WHAT THE LAST THING 836 00:23:54,398 --> 00:23:55,364 THEY WANT IS FOR SOMEBODY ELSE 837 00:23:55,364 --> 00:23:56,296 TO COME IN AND MAKE DECISIONS 838 00:23:56,296 --> 00:23:56,642 FOR THEM. 839 00:23:56,642 --> 00:23:57,953 >> NO, I'M A LEADER, NOT A 840 00:23:57,953 --> 00:23:58,506 FOLLOWER. 841 00:23:58,506 --> 00:24:00,853 [ DING! ] 842 00:24:00,853 --> 00:24:01,232 >> HI. 843 00:24:01,232 --> 00:24:02,302 >> HI. CAN I HELP YOU, SIR? 844 00:24:02,302 --> 00:24:04,615 >> YEAH, I'D LIKE A FIVE-PIECE 845 00:24:04,615 --> 00:24:07,135 CHICKEN SELECT AND A MEDIUM DIET 846 00:24:07,135 --> 00:24:07,446 COKE. 847 00:24:07,446 --> 00:24:07,929 OKAY, SIR. 848 00:24:07,929 --> 00:24:09,068 WOULD YOU LIKE SOME FRIES WITH 849 00:24:09,068 --> 00:24:10,518 THAT? 850 00:24:10,518 --> 00:24:11,346 >> NO, THANK YOU. 851 00:24:11,346 --> 00:24:11,760 >> OKAY. 852 00:24:11,760 --> 00:24:12,830 THAT'LL BE FOR HERE OR TO GO, 853 00:24:12,830 --> 00:24:13,141 SIR? 854 00:24:13,141 --> 00:24:13,969 >> THAT'S FOR HERE. 855 00:24:13,969 --> 00:24:14,453 >> OKAY. 856 00:24:14,453 --> 00:24:15,592 >> DID YOU SEE HOW EASY THAT 857 00:24:15,592 --> 00:24:15,902 WAS? 858 00:24:15,902 --> 00:24:17,076 "DO YOU WANT SOME FRIES WITH 859 00:24:17,076 --> 00:24:17,456 THAT?" 860 00:24:17,456 --> 00:24:18,595 "NO, THANK YOU." 861 00:24:18,595 --> 00:24:20,942 WHEN I WAS A STAND-UP COMEDIAN, 862 00:24:20,942 --> 00:24:23,082 I HEARD THE HACK JOKE OVER AND 863 00:24:23,082 --> 00:24:25,153 OVER, "WHAT PART OF A CHICKEN 864 00:24:25,153 --> 00:24:30,089 DOES A McNUGGET COME FROM?" 865 00:24:30,089 --> 00:24:32,574 YES, WE ALL KNOW THERE ARE NO 866 00:24:32,574 --> 00:24:34,645 McNUGGETS ON A CHICKEN. 867 00:24:34,645 --> 00:24:37,303 THERE ARE ALSO NO SAUSAGES ON A 868 00:24:37,303 --> 00:24:40,548 PIG. 869 00:24:40,548 --> 00:24:43,067 >> ♪ EVERYBODY'S GOT A LAWYER 870 00:24:43,067 --> 00:24:44,724 ♪ AND THE LAWYERS NEED TO MAKE 871 00:24:44,724 --> 00:24:46,381 THEIR FEES ♪ 872 00:24:46,381 --> 00:24:47,831 ♪ THEY SAY THEY USE THEIR LEGAL 873 00:24:47,831 --> 00:24:48,521 MIND ♪ 874 00:24:48,521 --> 00:24:50,074 >> TO MOST OF US, THE IDEA THAT 875 00:24:50,074 --> 00:24:51,524 PEOPLE ARE TOO STUPID TO KNOW 876 00:24:51,524 --> 00:24:53,077 THAT SODAS AND FRENCH FRIES ARE 877 00:24:53,077 --> 00:24:54,596 FATTENING SOUNDS LIKE A LOAD OF 878 00:24:54,596 --> 00:24:55,770 BALONEY. 879 00:24:55,770 --> 00:24:57,254 BUT IF YOU SUE PEOPLE FOR A 880 00:24:57,254 --> 00:24:58,980 LIVING, THAT SOUNDS MORE LIKE AN 881 00:24:58,980 --> 00:25:00,222 OPENING ARGUMENT. 882 00:25:00,222 --> 00:25:02,052 IN "SUPER SIZE ME," SUPER 883 00:25:02,052 --> 00:25:03,640 SUE-MEISTER JOHN BANZHAF, WHO 884 00:25:03,640 --> 00:25:05,469 DESPERATELY WANTS TO SQUEEZE 885 00:25:05,469 --> 00:25:07,333 GOLD OUT OF THE GOLDEN ARCHES, 886 00:25:07,333 --> 00:25:09,162 EXPLAINED WHY IT'S McDONALD'S 887 00:25:09,162 --> 00:25:11,544 FAULT WHEN PEOPLE GET FAT. 888 00:25:11,544 --> 00:25:14,029 IT'S A SUDDEN CHANGE. 889 00:25:14,029 --> 00:25:16,066 MOST OF THIS OBESITY EPIDEMIC 890 00:25:16,066 --> 00:25:18,309 HAS OCCURRED SINCE LAST JANUARY. 891 00:25:18,309 --> 00:25:20,001 NOW, WHAT'S CAUSING IT? 892 00:25:20,001 --> 00:25:21,209 WELL, IT CAN'T BE THE 893 00:25:21,209 --> 00:25:22,555 MOM-AND-POP RESTAURANTS. 894 00:25:22,555 --> 00:25:24,281 THEY'VE BEEN AROUND FOR HUNDREDS 895 00:25:24,281 --> 00:25:24,937 OF YEARS. 896 00:25:24,937 --> 00:25:26,386 IT CAN'T BE THE FOOD WE'RE 897 00:25:26,386 --> 00:25:27,318 EATING AT HOME. 898 00:25:27,318 --> 00:25:28,872 WE'VE BEEN EATING AT HOME FOR 899 00:25:28,872 --> 00:25:30,770 HUNDREDS OF YEARS. 900 00:25:30,770 --> 00:25:32,531 I THINK IT'S FAIR TO POINT THE 901 00:25:32,531 --> 00:25:33,877 BIG GUN AT McDONALD'S. 902 00:25:33,877 --> 00:25:35,603 THEY'RE THE ONES WHO LURE KIDS 903 00:25:35,603 --> 00:25:36,017 IN. 904 00:25:36,017 --> 00:25:37,536 THEY'RE THE ONES WITH THE 905 00:25:37,536 --> 00:25:38,295 PLAYLANDS. 906 00:25:38,295 --> 00:25:39,917 YOU KNOW, IN A LOT OF AREAS, 907 00:25:39,917 --> 00:25:41,436 THERE ARE NO PLAYGROUNDS. 908 00:25:41,436 --> 00:25:46,648 YOU HAVE TO GO TO McDONALD'S. 909 00:25:46,648 --> 00:25:48,305 >> DON'T YOU JUST LOVE LAWYER 910 00:25:48,305 --> 00:25:48,823 LOGIC? 911 00:25:48,823 --> 00:25:50,410 WELL, LET'S TAKE THEM ONE BY 912 00:25:50,410 --> 00:25:50,825 ONE. 913 00:25:50,825 --> 00:25:52,412 "WE CAN'T BLAME THE SIT-DOWN 914 00:25:52,412 --> 00:25:53,241 RESTAURANTS. 915 00:25:53,241 --> 00:25:54,553 THEY'VE BEEN AROUND FOR 916 00:25:54,553 --> 00:25:56,347 HUNDREDS OF YEARS." 917 00:25:56,347 --> 00:25:57,832 WHEN MY PARENTS WENT OUT TO A 918 00:25:57,832 --> 00:25:59,488 RESTAURANT, IT WASN'T FOR 919 00:25:59,488 --> 00:26:00,662 LOW-CALORIE FOOD. 920 00:26:00,662 --> 00:26:02,353 THEY WENT OUT FOR A CREAMY 921 00:26:02,353 --> 00:26:04,252 SALAD, STEAK, LOBSTER, A BAKED 922 00:26:04,252 --> 00:26:05,943 POTATO WITH BUTTER AND SOUR 923 00:26:05,943 --> 00:26:07,773 CREAM, ALL WASHED DOWN WITH A 924 00:26:07,773 --> 00:26:09,637 BOTTLE OF WINE, AND PROBABLY A 925 00:26:09,637 --> 00:26:10,810 DESSERT TO FOLLOW. 926 00:26:10,810 --> 00:26:12,260 THE DIFFERENCE IS, THEY ONLY 927 00:26:12,260 --> 00:26:13,779 WENT OUT FOR A BIG DINNER 10 OR 928 00:26:13,779 --> 00:26:14,952 15 TIMES A YEAR. 929 00:26:14,952 --> 00:26:16,954 AND IF I WENT WITH THEM, IT WAS 930 00:26:16,954 --> 00:26:18,404 PROBABLY MY BIRTHDAY. 931 00:26:18,404 --> 00:26:20,302 TODAY, AMERICANS EAT OUT MORE 932 00:26:20,302 --> 00:26:22,235 THAN ANYBODY IN THE WORLD, AND 933 00:26:22,235 --> 00:26:24,065 THE WHOLE FAMILY GOES ALONG. 934 00:26:24,065 --> 00:26:25,756 THE RESTAURANT BUSINESS IS 935 00:26:25,756 --> 00:26:26,515 BOOMING. 936 00:26:26,515 --> 00:26:28,448 THE ONLY INDUSTRY THAT EMPLOYS 937 00:26:28,448 --> 00:26:30,381 MORE PEOPLE IS GOVERNMENT, AND 938 00:26:30,381 --> 00:26:32,280 WE GIVE RESTAURANTS OUR MONEY 939 00:26:32,280 --> 00:26:33,419 ON PURPOSE. 940 00:26:33,419 --> 00:26:34,938 IN FACT, A STUDY CONDUCTED BY 941 00:26:34,938 --> 00:26:36,318 THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI'I 942 00:26:36,318 --> 00:26:37,872 CONCLUDED THAT WHEN KIDS GO TO 943 00:26:37,872 --> 00:26:39,114 A TRADITIONAL SIT-DOWN 944 00:26:39,114 --> 00:26:40,391 RESTAURANT, THEY END UP 945 00:26:40,391 --> 00:26:41,876 CONSUMING MORE CALORIES THAN 946 00:26:41,876 --> 00:26:43,429 WHEN THEY GO TO McDONALD'S OR 947 00:26:43,429 --> 00:26:45,396 ANY OTHER FAST-FOOD JOINT. 948 00:26:45,396 --> 00:26:47,191 "WE CAN'T BLAME MEALS AT HOME. 949 00:26:47,191 --> 00:26:49,055 WE'VE BEEN EATING MEALS AT HOME 950 00:26:49,055 --> 00:26:49,746 FOREVER." 951 00:26:49,746 --> 00:26:51,264 RIP VAN WINKLE, CALL YOUR 952 00:26:51,264 --> 00:26:51,851 OFFICE. 953 00:26:51,851 --> 00:26:53,612 SOMEBODY'S BEEN SLEEPING UNDER 954 00:26:53,612 --> 00:26:54,682 YOUR TREE. 955 00:26:54,682 --> 00:26:56,373 >> WITH OVER 40% OF AMERICAN 956 00:26:56,373 --> 00:26:57,926 WOMEN NOW WORKING FULL- OR 957 00:26:57,926 --> 00:26:59,618 PART-TIME, PLUS HAVING KIDS, 958 00:26:59,618 --> 00:27:01,274 SIMPLY, WOMEN'S ROLE AS FOOD 959 00:27:01,274 --> 00:27:03,138 PROVIDERS AND FOOD PREPARERS HAS 960 00:27:03,138 --> 00:27:04,484 CHANGED. 961 00:27:04,484 --> 00:27:05,693 MOST WOMEN SIMPLY DO NOT HAVE A 962 00:27:05,693 --> 00:27:06,728 LOT OF TIME AND ENERGY TO 963 00:27:06,728 --> 00:27:08,627 PREPARE THE TYPES OF MEALS THAT, 964 00:27:08,627 --> 00:27:11,146 SAY, JUNE CLEAVER DID IN THE 965 00:27:11,146 --> 00:27:12,009 1950s. 966 00:27:12,009 --> 00:27:13,528 FOOD MANUFACTURERS RECOGNIZING 967 00:27:13,528 --> 00:27:14,805 THIS FACT STARTED PUTTING 968 00:27:14,805 --> 00:27:16,427 TOGETHER MORE PRE-PACKAGED TYPES 969 00:27:16,427 --> 00:27:18,050 OF FOOD, AND THE LARGEST GROWTH 970 00:27:18,050 --> 00:27:19,638 IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY HAS COME IN 971 00:27:19,638 --> 00:27:21,156 THESE PRE-PREPARED DINNERS AND 972 00:27:21,156 --> 00:27:22,192 PRE-PREPARED MEALS. 973 00:27:22,192 --> 00:27:24,953 >> IN 1978, ONLY 8% OF ALL HOMES 974 00:27:24,953 --> 00:27:26,921 HAD A MICROWAVE OVEN. 975 00:27:26,921 --> 00:27:29,302 TODAY, NEARLY EVERYBODY DOES. 976 00:27:29,302 --> 00:27:30,925 WHEN DINNERTIME ROLLS AROUND, 977 00:27:30,925 --> 00:27:32,443 WE BUY IT AND NUKE IT, OR WE 978 00:27:32,443 --> 00:27:33,962 PICK IT UP AND TAKE IT HOME. 979 00:27:33,962 --> 00:27:35,308 THE RESTAURANT AND FOOD 980 00:27:35,308 --> 00:27:36,827 INDUSTRIES DIDN'T CAUSE THIS 981 00:27:36,827 --> 00:27:38,518 TREND, THEY'RE JUST RESPONDING 982 00:27:38,518 --> 00:27:39,002 TO IT. 983 00:27:39,002 --> 00:27:40,520 OH, AND BY THE WAY, THEY'RE 984 00:27:40,520 --> 00:27:41,936 GIVING US MORE OF WHAT WE 985 00:27:41,936 --> 00:27:44,007 WANT -- FREE TIME. 986 00:27:44,007 --> 00:27:45,905 AND NOW FOR MY FAVORITE BIT OF 987 00:27:45,905 --> 00:27:47,182 LAWYER LOGIC. 988 00:27:47,182 --> 00:27:48,459 THEY'RE THE ONES WHO LURE KIDS 989 00:27:48,459 --> 00:27:48,736 IN. 990 00:27:48,736 --> 00:27:49,806 THEY'RE THE ONES WITH THE 991 00:27:49,806 --> 00:27:51,014 PLAYLANDS. 992 00:27:51,014 --> 00:27:52,601 YOU KNOW, IN A LOT OF AREAS, 993 00:27:52,601 --> 00:27:54,017 THERE ARE NO PLAYGROUNDS. 994 00:27:54,017 --> 00:27:56,536 YOU HAVE TO GO TO McDONALD'S. 995 00:27:56,536 --> 00:27:58,677 IS THAT SUPPOSED TO MAKE ME 996 00:27:58,677 --> 00:28:00,092 MAD AT McDONALD'S? 997 00:28:00,092 --> 00:28:01,956 LISTEN TO WHAT HE JUST SAID. 998 00:28:01,956 --> 00:28:03,233 IN SOME AREAS, THE FEDERAL 999 00:28:03,233 --> 00:28:04,579 GOVERNMENT DIDN'T PROVIDE A 1000 00:28:04,579 --> 00:28:05,925 PLAYGROUND, STATE GOVERNMENT 1001 00:28:05,925 --> 00:28:07,271 DIDN'T PROVIDE A PLAYGROUND, 1002 00:28:07,271 --> 00:28:08,756 LOCAL GOVERNMENT DIDN'T PROVIDE 1003 00:28:08,756 --> 00:28:11,448 A PLAYGROUND... 1004 00:28:11,448 --> 00:28:13,761 RONALD McDONALD DID. 1005 00:28:13,761 --> 00:28:15,176 WHERE I LIVE, IT CAN BE 1006 00:28:15,176 --> 00:28:17,350 105 DEGREES IN AUGUST. 1007 00:28:17,350 --> 00:28:19,111 PARENTS FLOCK TO THE McDONALD'S 1008 00:28:19,111 --> 00:28:20,388 PLAYLAND BECAUSE IT'S 1009 00:28:20,388 --> 00:28:22,114 AIR-CONDITIONED AND IT'S SAFE. 1010 00:28:22,114 --> 00:28:23,771 I TALKED TO THE OTHER PARENTS, 1011 00:28:23,771 --> 00:28:25,151 AND WE ALL HAVE THE SAME 1012 00:28:25,151 --> 00:28:25,773 PROBLEM. 1013 00:28:25,773 --> 00:28:29,190 >> NO, I DON'T WANT IT. 1014 00:28:29,190 --> 00:28:29,880 NO! 1015 00:28:29,880 --> 00:28:31,537 >> THE KIDS ARE SO ANXIOUS TO 1016 00:28:31,537 --> 00:28:33,159 PLAY, THEY DON'T WANT TO EAT. 1017 00:28:33,159 --> 00:28:34,747 OF COURSE, THE REAL REASON WE 1018 00:28:34,747 --> 00:28:36,128 CAN BLAME THE FAST-FOOD 1019 00:28:36,128 --> 00:28:37,681 RESTAURANTS IS THAT THEY'RE 1020 00:28:37,681 --> 00:28:39,372 GIVING US TOO MUCH FOOD FOR TOO 1021 00:28:39,372 --> 00:28:40,235 LITTLE MONEY. 1022 00:28:40,235 --> 00:28:41,650 >> I'M FORCED TO EAT THIS 1023 00:28:41,650 --> 00:28:42,168 FOOD... 1024 00:28:42,168 --> 00:28:42,755 >> YEAH? 1025 00:28:42,755 --> 00:28:44,343 >> ...ALL WEEK LONG BECAUSE I 1026 00:28:44,343 --> 00:28:45,965 HAVE BEEN BRAINWASHED SINCE I 1027 00:28:45,965 --> 00:28:46,828 WAS LIKE 5. 1028 00:28:46,828 --> 00:28:48,519 >> I MEAN, IT TAKES YEARS TO 1029 00:28:48,519 --> 00:28:49,520 LOOK LIKE THIS. 1030 00:28:49,520 --> 00:28:50,314 >> IT DOES. 1031 00:28:50,314 --> 00:28:51,799 >> AND I'VE WORKED ON IT. 1032 00:28:51,799 --> 00:28:53,697 I JUST GOT DONE EATING THREE HOT 1033 00:28:53,697 --> 00:28:54,180 DOGS. 1034 00:28:54,180 --> 00:28:55,734 >> THE REASON WHY AMERICANS HAVE 1035 00:28:55,734 --> 00:28:57,149 GAINED AN AVERAGE OF 8 TO 10 1036 00:28:57,149 --> 00:28:59,358 POUNDS OVER THE PAST 20 YEARS IS 1037 00:28:59,358 --> 00:29:01,153 NOT BECAUSE McDONALD'S IS 1038 00:29:01,153 --> 00:29:02,464 SUPER-SIZING THEIR VALUE MEALS. 1039 00:29:02,464 --> 00:29:03,776 IT'S HOW MUCH THEY'RE EATING IN 1040 00:29:03,776 --> 00:29:04,466 BETWEEN MEALS. 1041 00:29:04,466 --> 00:29:05,778 IT'S HOW MUCH THEY'RE EATING IN 1042 00:29:05,778 --> 00:29:06,365 THEIR CARS. 1043 00:29:06,365 --> 00:29:07,573 IT'S HOW MUCH THEY'RE EATING 1044 00:29:07,573 --> 00:29:08,712 WHILE THEY'RE WATCHING TV. 1045 00:29:08,712 --> 00:29:10,162 IT'S THE MOCHA FRAPPUCCINOS. 1046 00:29:10,162 --> 00:29:11,784 IT'S THE BEN & JERRY'S ICE CREAM 1047 00:29:11,784 --> 00:29:13,061 AT 10:00 AT NIGHT. 1048 00:29:13,061 --> 00:29:15,546 THESE ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR ABOUT 1049 00:29:15,546 --> 00:29:17,203 25% OF THE AVERAGE AMERICAN'S 1050 00:29:17,203 --> 00:29:18,273 CALORIC INTAKE. 1051 00:29:18,273 --> 00:29:20,034 THE EXPANSION OF THE BEVERAGE 1052 00:29:20,034 --> 00:29:21,863 MARKET IN THIS COUNTRY AND THE 1053 00:29:21,863 --> 00:29:23,831 NUMBER OF HIGH-CALORIE BEVERAGES 1054 00:29:23,831 --> 00:29:25,729 THAT MOST AMERICANS CONSUME ARE 1055 00:29:25,729 --> 00:29:27,524 PROBABLY MORE RESPONSIBLE FOR 1056 00:29:27,524 --> 00:29:29,353 AMERICA'S WEIGHT GAIN OVER THE 1057 00:29:29,353 --> 00:29:30,872 PAST 20 OR 30 YEARS THAN 1058 00:29:30,872 --> 00:29:32,736 ANYTHING HAVING TO DO WITH OUR 1059 00:29:32,736 --> 00:29:33,910 ACTUAL MEAL SIZES. 1060 00:29:33,910 --> 00:29:35,014 >> IF THERE'S ONE THING 1061 00:29:35,014 --> 00:29:36,257 MORGAN SPURLOCK AND I WOULD 1062 00:29:36,257 --> 00:29:38,431 AGREE ON, IT'S THIS -- DRINKING 1063 00:29:38,431 --> 00:29:39,847 A 44-OUNCE GLASS OF 1064 00:29:39,847 --> 00:29:42,021 HIGH-FRUCTOSE CORN SYRUP TWO OR 1065 00:29:42,021 --> 00:29:43,851 THREE TIMES A DAY IS NUTS. 1066 00:29:43,851 --> 00:29:45,887 SO, HOW MUCH SUGARY SODA AM I 1067 00:29:45,887 --> 00:29:48,062 CONSUMING ON MY FAST-FOOD DIET? 1068 00:29:48,062 --> 00:29:48,683 NONE. 1069 00:29:48,683 --> 00:29:50,719 IN FACT, I ALMOST NEVER DRINK 1070 00:29:50,719 --> 00:29:52,791 THE STUFF BECAUSE I FEEL LOUSY 1071 00:29:52,791 --> 00:29:55,276 THE STUFF BECAUSE I FEEL LOUSY WHEN I DO. 1072 00:29:55,276 --> 00:30:04,216 WHEN I DO. 1073 00:30:04,216 --> 00:30:05,493 >> AND FURTHERMORE, IF YOU LOOK 1074 00:30:05,493 --> 00:30:07,495 AT THOSE, YOU KNOW, THE 1075 00:30:07,495 --> 00:30:10,015 RELIGIOUS DRY ACTIVISTS -- THEY 1076 00:30:10,015 --> 00:30:11,050 MADE ALL THE SAME ARGUMENTS 1077 00:30:11,050 --> 00:30:12,051 ABOUT IT WAS BAD FOR YOUR 1078 00:30:12,051 --> 00:30:13,225 FAMILY, AND IT WAS BAD FOR YOUR 1079 00:30:13,225 --> 00:30:14,364 HEALTH. 1080 00:30:14,364 --> 00:30:15,399 AND, YOU KNOW, THEY MADE ALL THE 1081 00:30:15,399 --> 00:30:16,780 KINDS OF PRACTICAL ARGUMENTS THE 1082 00:30:16,780 --> 00:30:17,919 PUBLIC-HEALTH PEOPLE MAKE. 1083 00:30:17,919 --> 00:30:19,058 IT'S REALLY ABOUT THE SAME 1084 00:30:19,058 --> 00:30:21,854 THING, WHICH IS LOOKING AT 1085 00:30:21,854 --> 00:30:24,270 PEOPLE'S RISKY BEHAVIOR, 1086 00:30:24,270 --> 00:30:25,962 DECIDING PEOPLE OUGHT NOT TO 1087 00:30:25,962 --> 00:30:28,827 BEHAVE THAT WAY, AND THEN TRYING 1088 00:30:28,827 --> 00:30:30,000 TO ENLIST THE GOVERNMENT TO GET 1089 00:30:30,000 --> 00:30:31,070 THOSE PEOPLE TO CHANGE THEIR 1090 00:30:31,070 --> 00:30:32,347 BEHAVIOR. 1091 00:30:32,347 --> 00:30:33,797 >> THE MODERN-DAY EQUIVALENTS OF 1092 00:30:33,797 --> 00:30:35,074 THE WOMEN'S TEMPERANCE LEAGUE 1093 00:30:35,074 --> 00:30:36,973 ARE GROUPS LIKE THE CENTER FOR 1094 00:30:36,973 --> 00:30:38,906 SCIENCE IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST. 1095 00:30:38,906 --> 00:30:40,735 JUST LIKE THE RELIGIOUS DRY 1096 00:30:40,735 --> 00:30:42,737 ACTIVISTS, CSPI BELIEVES PEOPLE 1097 00:30:42,737 --> 00:30:44,635 ARE TOO WEAK AND TOO STUPID TO 1098 00:30:44,635 --> 00:30:46,568 RESIST GIVING IN TO TEMPTATION. 1099 00:30:46,568 --> 00:30:47,431 >> WHETHER THEY CALL IT 1100 00:30:47,431 --> 00:30:49,778 KING-SIZING, SUPER-SIZING, 1101 00:30:49,778 --> 00:30:51,919 OR A COMBO DEAL, FOR MANY 1102 00:30:51,919 --> 00:30:54,335 AMERICANS, IT'S AN OFFER THAT'S 1103 00:30:54,335 --> 00:30:55,681 HARD TO REFUSE. 1104 00:30:55,681 --> 00:30:57,441 >> SO, WHO ARE THESE PEOPLE, 1105 00:30:57,441 --> 00:30:58,063 ANYWAY? 1106 00:30:58,063 --> 00:30:59,927 CSPI IS USUALLY IDENTIFIED IN 1107 00:30:59,927 --> 00:31:01,963 THE MEDIA AS A CONSUMER-ADVOCACY 1108 00:31:01,963 --> 00:31:03,965 GROUP, BUT THEY'RE A LITTLE MORE 1109 00:31:03,965 --> 00:31:04,828 THAN THAT. 1110 00:31:04,828 --> 00:31:06,002 >> THE CENTER FOR SCIENCE IN THE 1111 00:31:06,002 --> 00:31:06,968 PUBLIC INTEREST IS A VERY 1112 00:31:06,968 --> 00:31:08,107 WELL-INTENTIONED ORGANIZATION, 1113 00:31:08,107 --> 00:31:10,385 BUT I THINK THEY MISREPRESENT 1114 00:31:10,385 --> 00:31:11,766 THEMSELVES IN THAT THEY PICK AND 1115 00:31:11,766 --> 00:31:13,078 CHOOSE THE TYPE OF SCIENCE THAT 1116 00:31:13,078 --> 00:31:14,803 THEY CHOOSE TO ENDORSE IF IT 1117 00:31:14,803 --> 00:31:16,184 CORRESPONDS WITH THEIR 1118 00:31:16,184 --> 00:31:17,392 ORGANIZATION'S MISSION. 1119 00:31:17,392 --> 00:31:20,050 >> THEY'RE PUSHING VEGETARIANISM 1120 00:31:20,050 --> 00:31:21,672 TO A LARGE EXTENT. 1121 00:31:21,672 --> 00:31:23,019 >> THEY ARE A VEGETARIAN 1122 00:31:23,019 --> 00:31:24,675 ORGANIZATION, AND THAT'S THEIR 1123 00:31:24,675 --> 00:31:25,538 REAL INTEREST. 1124 00:31:25,538 --> 00:31:26,885 IT'S NOT BASED ON PUBLIC 1125 00:31:26,885 --> 00:31:28,300 INTEREST OR REAL SCIENCE. 1126 00:31:28,300 --> 00:31:29,922 >> THEY'RE PROMOTING 1127 00:31:29,922 --> 00:31:32,200 MISINFORMATION FOR THE BENEFIT 1128 00:31:32,200 --> 00:31:33,926 OF CERTAIN INDUSTRIES. 1129 00:31:33,926 --> 00:31:35,721 >> ACTUALLY, THEY'RE NOT REALLY 1130 00:31:35,721 --> 00:31:37,102 GOOD SCIENTISTS AT ALL. 1131 00:31:37,102 --> 00:31:38,655 >> CSPI WAS FOUNDED BY 1132 00:31:38,655 --> 00:31:40,691 MICHAEL JACOBSON, A VEGETARIAN 1133 00:31:40,691 --> 00:31:42,624 ACTIVIST WHO USED TO WORK FOR 1134 00:31:42,624 --> 00:31:44,005 RALPH NADER. 1135 00:31:44,005 --> 00:31:45,524 OVER THE YEARS, JACOBSON AND 1136 00:31:45,524 --> 00:31:48,113 CSPI HAVE WARNED US ABOUT ALL 1137 00:31:48,113 --> 00:31:50,391 KINDS OF DANGEROUS FOODS. 1138 00:31:50,391 --> 00:31:51,840 >> THE CENTER FOR SCIENCE IN THE 1139 00:31:51,840 --> 00:31:53,221 PUBLIC INTEREST, THE SAME GROUP 1140 00:31:53,221 --> 00:31:54,636 THAT RECENTLY CAME DOWN HARD ON 1141 00:31:54,636 --> 00:31:55,741 THE CALORIES IN CHINESE 1142 00:31:55,741 --> 00:31:56,293 COOKING... 1143 00:31:56,293 --> 00:31:57,708 >> FIRST THEY SAID THAT CHINESE 1144 00:31:57,708 --> 00:31:59,020 FOOD WAS LOADED WITH FAT, THEN 1145 00:31:59,020 --> 00:32:01,471 ITALIAN, NOW IT IS MEXICAN. 1146 00:32:01,471 --> 00:32:02,644 >> ...HAS A NEW STUDY ON THE 1147 00:32:02,644 --> 00:32:04,612 PERILS OF FAT AND CALORIES IN 1148 00:32:04,612 --> 00:32:06,407 DINING OUT ITALIAN-STYLE. 1149 00:32:06,407 --> 00:32:07,926 >> THEY DO NOT HOLD BACK. 1150 00:32:07,926 --> 00:32:09,375 NO, THEY DO NOT SPEAK IN 1151 00:32:09,375 --> 00:32:10,376 MEASURED TERMS. 1152 00:32:10,376 --> 00:32:12,102 THEY PUSH THINGS TO THE LIMIT 1153 00:32:12,102 --> 00:32:13,000 ALL THE TIME. 1154 00:32:13,000 --> 00:32:14,173 >> THIS IS A HEART ATTACK IN A 1155 00:32:14,173 --> 00:32:16,831 BUN. 1156 00:32:16,831 --> 00:32:18,488 >> SO STAY AWAY FROM FETTUCCINE 1157 00:32:18,488 --> 00:32:19,040 ALFREDO. 1158 00:32:19,040 --> 00:32:20,731 HURLEY CALLS IT "HEART ATTACK ON 1159 00:32:20,731 --> 00:32:23,355 A PLATE." 1160 00:32:23,355 --> 00:32:24,356 >> HAVE YOU EVER EATEN 1161 00:32:24,356 --> 00:32:25,219 FETTUCCINE ALFREDO? 1162 00:32:25,219 --> 00:32:25,805 >> I HAVE. 1163 00:32:25,805 --> 00:32:27,704 >> HOW MANY TIMES? 1164 00:32:27,704 --> 00:32:28,291 >> IN MY LIFE? 1165 00:32:28,291 --> 00:32:28,705 >> SURE. 1166 00:32:28,705 --> 00:32:30,431 GIVE ME A ROUGH GUESS. 1167 00:32:30,431 --> 00:32:31,121 >> 50. 1168 00:32:31,121 --> 00:32:32,812 >> YOU'VE EATEN 50 SERVINGS OF 1169 00:32:32,812 --> 00:32:33,952 FETTUCCINE ALFREDO? 1170 00:32:33,952 --> 00:32:34,676 >> MM-HMM. 1171 00:32:34,676 --> 00:32:35,194 >> 50. 1172 00:32:35,194 --> 00:32:36,678 >> OF COURSE. I'M ITALIAN. 1173 00:32:36,678 --> 00:32:38,059 I LOVE FETTUCCINE ALFREDO. 1174 00:32:38,059 --> 00:32:38,784 >> THERE YOU GO. 1175 00:32:38,784 --> 00:32:39,854 >> I HAVE. LAST NIGHT. 1176 00:32:39,854 --> 00:32:40,959 >> LAST NIGHT. 1177 00:32:40,959 --> 00:32:42,305 >> THAT IS BIZARRE. 1178 00:32:42,305 --> 00:32:43,651 >> MAYBE 200. 1179 00:32:43,651 --> 00:32:44,548 >> 200? 1180 00:32:44,548 --> 00:32:45,894 AND HOW MANY HEART ATTACKS HAVE 1181 00:32:45,894 --> 00:32:46,378 YOU HAD? 1182 00:32:46,378 --> 00:32:48,138 >> NONE. 1183 00:32:48,138 --> 00:32:49,484 >> ARE YOU SURE? 1184 00:32:49,484 --> 00:32:51,072 >> I THINK SO, YEAH. 1185 00:32:51,072 --> 00:32:52,073 >> NO, NO HEART ATTACKS, 1186 00:32:52,073 --> 00:32:52,591 ACTUALLY. 1187 00:32:52,591 --> 00:32:53,454 >> NO HEART ATTACKS. 1188 00:32:53,454 --> 00:32:53,972 >> NONE. 1189 00:32:53,972 --> 00:32:55,352 >> ARE YOU HAVING CHEST PAINS 1190 00:32:55,352 --> 00:32:55,801 TODAY? 1191 00:32:55,801 --> 00:32:56,181 >> NO. 1192 00:32:56,181 --> 00:32:57,423 >> ANY POSSIBILITY YOU HAD A 1193 00:32:57,423 --> 00:32:58,769 HEART ATTACK AND DIDN'T KNOW IT? 1194 00:32:58,769 --> 00:32:59,184 >> NO. 1195 00:32:59,184 --> 00:33:00,530 >> IS THERE ANY CHANCE YOU HAD A 1196 00:33:00,530 --> 00:33:01,876 HEART ATTACK AND JUST SAID, "OH, 1197 00:33:01,876 --> 00:33:03,498 I SHOULDN'T HAVE HAD THE CHILI?" 1198 00:33:03,498 --> 00:33:04,844 >> POSSIBLY, I GUESS. 1199 00:33:04,844 --> 00:33:06,605 >> IF ALL THEY DID WAS NAG US 1200 00:33:06,605 --> 00:33:08,538 ABOUT THE FOODS THEY DON'T LIKE, 1201 00:33:08,538 --> 00:33:10,471 THEN GROUPS LIKE CSPI WOULD JUST 1202 00:33:10,471 --> 00:33:12,231 BE ANNOYING AND OCCASIONALLY 1203 00:33:12,231 --> 00:33:14,026 LAUGHABLE, BUT THEY DON'T JUST 1204 00:33:14,026 --> 00:33:15,096 WANT TO NAG US. 1205 00:33:15,096 --> 00:33:16,995 THEY WANT BIG GOVERNMENT TO STEP 1206 00:33:16,995 --> 00:33:18,651 IN AND HELP US MAKE BETTER 1207 00:33:18,651 --> 00:33:19,307 CHOICES. 1208 00:33:19,307 --> 00:33:21,102 WHEN McDONALD'S BEGAN PUTTING 1209 00:33:21,102 --> 00:33:23,001 OUT NUTRITION MENUS, CSPI SAID 1210 00:33:23,001 --> 00:33:24,899 THAT WASN'T GOOD ENOUGH BECAUSE 1211 00:33:24,899 --> 00:33:26,797 PEOPLE DON'T WANT TO GET OUT OF 1212 00:33:26,797 --> 00:33:28,006 LINE TO READ THEM. 1213 00:33:28,006 --> 00:33:30,525 "BOY, I REALLY SHOULD COUNT MY 1214 00:33:30,525 --> 00:33:33,011 CALORIES AND LOSE SOME WEIGHT, 1215 00:33:33,011 --> 00:33:35,703 BUT I'D HAVE TO WALK ALL THE WAY 1216 00:33:35,703 --> 00:33:36,842 OVER THERE. 1217 00:33:36,842 --> 00:33:38,154 EH, HECK WITH IT." 1218 00:33:38,154 --> 00:33:40,190 SO NOW CSPI WANTS THE GOVERNMENT 1219 00:33:40,190 --> 00:33:41,950 TO FORCE RESTAURANTS TO PUT 1220 00:33:41,950 --> 00:33:43,849 NUTRITION INFORMATION RIGHT ON 1221 00:33:43,849 --> 00:33:45,816 YOUR FAST-FOOD PACKAGE, BECAUSE 1222 00:33:45,816 --> 00:33:47,818 THEN YOU'D FINALLY GET SMART AND 1223 00:33:47,818 --> 00:33:49,786 STOP EATING THE STUFF, WHICH IS 1224 00:33:49,786 --> 00:33:51,029 A LOAD OF BALONEY. 1225 00:33:51,029 --> 00:33:52,030 >> NO, I DON'T THINK ANYONE 1226 00:33:52,030 --> 00:33:53,065 WOULD ARGUE WITH THE IDEA THAT 1227 00:33:53,065 --> 00:33:54,342 HAVING MORE INFORMATION ABOUT 1228 00:33:54,342 --> 00:33:55,481 WHAT WE EAT AND ABOUT ITS 1229 00:33:55,481 --> 00:33:56,758 NUTRITIONAL CONTENT IS A GOOD 1230 00:33:56,758 --> 00:33:58,312 THING, BUT THE IDEA THAT SOMEHOW 1231 00:33:58,312 --> 00:33:59,830 OR ANOTHER, IF I WAS CONFRONTED 1232 00:33:59,830 --> 00:34:02,833 WITH THE FACT THAT MY BIG MAC IS 1233 00:34:02,833 --> 00:34:04,525 600 CALORIES WOULD CHANGE THE 1234 00:34:04,525 --> 00:34:06,147 LIKELIHOOD THAT I ATE THAT 1235 00:34:06,147 --> 00:34:07,873 BIG MAC, I THINK, IS A LOT OF 1236 00:34:07,873 --> 00:34:08,977 WISHFUL THINKING. 1237 00:34:08,977 --> 00:34:10,979 >> NOW, IF YOU KNEW THAT THESE 1238 00:34:10,979 --> 00:34:12,947 WERE 400, 450 CALORIES, WOULD 1239 00:34:12,947 --> 00:34:15,846 YOU JUST GIVE UP FRIES? 1240 00:34:15,846 --> 00:34:16,571 >> NO. 1241 00:34:16,571 --> 00:34:16,985 >> NO. 1242 00:34:16,985 --> 00:34:17,917 >> NO. PROBABLY NOT. 1243 00:34:17,917 --> 00:34:19,195 >> IF THERE WAS A WARNING LABEL 1244 00:34:19,195 --> 00:34:20,196 ON HERE THAT SAID "400 1245 00:34:20,196 --> 00:34:21,507 CALORIES," THEN WOULD YOU STOP 1246 00:34:21,507 --> 00:34:22,163 EATING FRIES? 1247 00:34:22,163 --> 00:34:22,577 >> NO. 1248 00:34:22,577 --> 00:34:23,337 >> YOU WOULDN'T? 1249 00:34:23,337 --> 00:34:24,407 >> NO. 1250 00:34:24,407 --> 00:34:25,994 >> WHAT THE CRITICS OF THE 1251 00:34:25,994 --> 00:34:28,997 FAST-FOOD RESTAURANTS MISS, AS 1252 00:34:28,997 --> 00:34:30,275 USUAL, IS THE ELEMENT OF 1253 00:34:30,275 --> 00:34:31,793 CONSUMER DEMAND AND CONSUMER 1254 00:34:31,793 --> 00:34:34,451 CHOICE, BECAUSE FROM McDONALD'S 1255 00:34:34,451 --> 00:34:37,972 PERSPECTIVE, THEY DON'T CARE IF 1256 00:34:37,972 --> 00:34:40,181 PEOPLE ARE EATING, YOU KNOW, 1257 00:34:40,181 --> 00:34:42,494 BACON DOUBLE CHEESEBURGERS OR 1258 00:34:42,494 --> 00:34:45,013 SALADS. 1259 00:34:45,013 --> 00:34:45,911 THEY WILL GIVE PEOPLE WHAT 1260 00:34:45,911 --> 00:34:46,981 PEOPLE WANT. 1261 00:34:46,981 --> 00:34:47,913 >> THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF 1262 00:34:47,913 --> 00:34:49,052 AGRICULTURE HAS ESTIMATED THAT 1263 00:34:49,052 --> 00:34:49,984 IN ORDER TO GET PEOPLE TO 1264 00:34:49,984 --> 00:34:51,365 CONSUME MORE LEAFY GREEN 1265 00:34:51,365 --> 00:34:53,056 VEGETABLES, WE WOULD BASICALLY 1266 00:34:53,056 --> 00:34:54,782 HAVE TO PAY PEOPLE TO EAT THEM. 1267 00:34:54,782 --> 00:34:56,439 >> IF McDONALD'S SOLD CARROTS, 1268 00:34:56,439 --> 00:34:58,165 WOULD YOU STOP EATING FRIES AND 1269 00:34:58,165 --> 00:34:59,166 EAT THE CARROTS? 1270 00:34:59,166 --> 00:35:00,167 >> NO. 1271 00:35:00,167 --> 00:35:01,444 >> I'M NOT A BIG FAN OF CARROTS. 1272 00:35:01,444 --> 00:35:02,652 >> SO YOU WOULDN'T ORDER THEM? 1273 00:35:02,652 --> 00:35:03,031 >> NO. 1274 00:35:03,031 --> 00:35:04,102 >> NO, 'CAUSE I DON'T LIKE 1275 00:35:04,102 --> 00:35:04,516 CARROTS. 1276 00:35:04,516 --> 00:35:05,206 I HATE CARROTS. 1277 00:35:05,206 --> 00:35:06,104 >> I ACTUALLY JUST HAD 1278 00:35:06,104 --> 00:35:07,243 VEGETABLES IN MY BLOODY MARY, 1279 00:35:07,243 --> 00:35:08,554 THOUGH, SO MAYBE THAT COUNTS. 1280 00:35:08,554 --> 00:35:09,693 >> YEAH, YOU DON'T GO TO 1281 00:35:09,693 --> 00:35:10,798 McDONALD'S FOR CARROTS. 1282 00:35:10,798 --> 00:35:12,213 YOU GO TO McDONALD'S FOR FRIES. 1283 00:35:12,213 --> 00:35:13,421 >> I DON'T GO TO McDONALD'S FOR 1284 00:35:13,421 --> 00:35:14,042 THE BROCCOLI. 1285 00:35:14,042 --> 00:35:15,182 >> YOU DON'T GO TO McDONALD'S 1286 00:35:15,182 --> 00:35:15,941 FOR THE BROCCOLI? 1287 00:35:15,941 --> 00:35:17,770 >> YOU GO TO McDONALD'S FOR THE 1288 00:35:17,770 --> 00:35:19,255 HAMBURGERS AND THE FRIES. 1289 00:35:19,255 --> 00:35:20,635 >> IF McDONALD'S SOLD BROCCOLI 1290 00:35:20,635 --> 00:35:21,947 IN, LIKE, A NICE, LITTLE RED 1291 00:35:21,947 --> 00:35:23,362 PACKAGE LIKE THIS, WOULD YOU GO 1292 00:35:23,362 --> 00:35:24,467 IN AND SAY, "I WANT THE 1293 00:35:24,467 --> 00:35:25,606 McBROCCOLI"? 1294 00:35:25,606 --> 00:35:26,469 [ BOTH LAUGH ] 1295 00:35:26,469 --> 00:35:28,126 >> MAYBE IF THEY FRIED IT OR PUT 1296 00:35:28,126 --> 00:35:28,988 CHEESE ON IT. 1297 00:35:28,988 --> 00:35:30,783 >> I'M WITH YOU ON THE CHEESE 1298 00:35:30,783 --> 00:35:31,301 PART. 1299 00:35:31,301 --> 00:35:31,957 YEP. 1300 00:35:31,957 --> 00:35:33,890 WE JUST KEEP ON EATING THE FOODS 1301 00:35:33,890 --> 00:35:35,305 THE EVANGELISTS SAY WE 1302 00:35:35,305 --> 00:35:36,134 SHOULDN'T. 1303 00:35:36,134 --> 00:35:38,032 AND THEY HAVE A PLAN TO FIX IT. 1304 00:35:38,032 --> 00:35:39,620 [ GUNFIRE ] 1305 00:35:39,620 --> 00:35:41,656 [ SIRENS WAILING ] 1306 00:35:41,656 --> 00:35:43,624 IT WAS JUST AN AVERAGE, PEACEFUL 1307 00:35:43,624 --> 00:35:45,419 DAY IN WASHINGTON, D.C., WHEN 1308 00:35:45,419 --> 00:35:47,731 SUDDENLY, A CRISIS EMERGED. 1309 00:35:47,731 --> 00:35:48,801 >> HELP! HELP! 1310 00:35:48,801 --> 00:35:51,873 SOMEBODY, HELP! 1311 00:35:51,873 --> 00:35:54,013 [ ZIP! ] 1312 00:35:54,013 --> 00:35:54,980 >> WHAT SEEMS TO BE THE PROBLEM, 1313 00:35:54,980 --> 00:35:55,636 MA'AM? 1314 00:35:55,636 --> 00:35:57,085 >> THERE'S AN INNOCENT MAN OVER 1315 00:35:57,085 --> 00:35:58,742 THERE IN MORTAL DANGER. 1316 00:35:58,742 --> 00:36:00,158 >> YOU DON'T MEAN -- 1317 00:36:00,158 --> 00:36:01,020 >> YES! 1318 00:36:01,020 --> 00:36:02,263 HE'S ORDERING A DOUBLE 1319 00:36:02,263 --> 00:36:05,473 CHEESEBURGER! 1320 00:36:05,473 --> 00:36:06,612 >> GADZOOKS! 1321 00:36:06,612 --> 00:36:08,994 THIS IS A JOB FOR THE GUY FROM 1322 00:36:08,994 --> 00:36:11,065 CSPI. 1323 00:36:11,065 --> 00:36:13,067 >> YES, THESE ARE THE ADVENTURES 1324 00:36:13,067 --> 00:36:16,898 OF THE GUY FROM CSPI, A TIRELESS 1325 00:36:16,898 --> 00:36:18,624 PROMOTER OF JUNK SCIENCE AND 1326 00:36:18,624 --> 00:36:20,316 DEDICATED TO LAWSUITS, PRESS 1327 00:36:20,316 --> 00:36:22,180 CONFERENCES, AND THE VEGETARIAN 1328 00:36:22,180 --> 00:36:25,666 WAY. 1329 00:36:25,666 --> 00:36:27,978 [ ZIP! ] 1330 00:36:27,978 --> 00:36:29,152 >> AND WOULD YOU LIKE FRIES WITH 1331 00:36:29,152 --> 00:36:29,428 THAT? 1332 00:36:29,428 --> 00:36:31,050 >> YEAH, LET ME HAVE A LARGE -- 1333 00:36:31,050 --> 00:36:31,706 >> STOP! 1334 00:36:31,706 --> 00:36:33,536 STOP TEMPTING THIS INNOCENT MAN 1335 00:36:33,536 --> 00:36:34,916 WITH YOUR FATTY FOODS. 1336 00:36:34,916 --> 00:36:35,917 >> WHO ARE YOU? 1337 00:36:35,917 --> 00:36:38,403 >> I'M THE GUY FROM CSPI, AND 1338 00:36:38,403 --> 00:36:40,336 I'M HERE TO SAVE YOU. 1339 00:36:40,336 --> 00:36:41,923 >> UH, LOOK, I'M NOT REALLY INTO 1340 00:36:41,923 --> 00:36:43,062 THE WHOLE JESUS THING, SEE -- 1341 00:36:43,062 --> 00:36:43,960 >> NO, NO, NO. 1342 00:36:43,960 --> 00:36:45,686 YOU'RE CHOOSING BAD FOOD BECAUSE 1343 00:36:45,686 --> 00:36:47,205 IT'S CHEAP, SO I'M GOING TO 1344 00:36:47,205 --> 00:36:48,896 DOUBLE THE PRICE ON THAT DOUBLE 1345 00:36:48,896 --> 00:36:49,793 CHEESEBURGER. 1346 00:36:49,793 --> 00:36:50,794 >> BUT I DON'T WANT TO CHARGE 1347 00:36:50,794 --> 00:36:51,692 HIM DOUBLE FOR THE DOUBLE. 1348 00:36:51,692 --> 00:36:52,589 >> AND I DON'T WANT TO PAY 1349 00:36:52,589 --> 00:36:53,383 DOUBLE FOR THE DOUBLE. 1350 00:36:53,383 --> 00:36:55,213 >> THAT'S BECAUSE YOU'RE EVIL, 1351 00:36:55,213 --> 00:36:57,249 AND YOU'RE STUPID. 1352 00:36:57,249 --> 00:36:58,871 >> USING HIS TWIN POWERS OF 1353 00:36:58,871 --> 00:37:01,529 TAXATION AND REGULATION, CSPI 1354 00:37:01,529 --> 00:37:03,221 GUY QUICKLY DOUBLED THE PRICES 1355 00:37:03,221 --> 00:37:04,912 ON BURGERS, FRIES, AND DESSERTS, 1356 00:37:04,912 --> 00:37:06,569 AND FORCED THE EVIL RESTAURANT 1357 00:37:06,569 --> 00:37:08,260 TO OFFER THE CUSTOMER A VARIETY 1358 00:37:08,260 --> 00:37:09,986 OF MUNCHY, DELICIOUS VEGETABLES 1359 00:37:09,986 --> 00:37:12,333 AT A CHEAP AND SUBSIDIZED PRICE. 1360 00:37:12,333 --> 00:37:13,852 >> THERE. THAT OUGHT TO DO IT. 1361 00:37:13,852 --> 00:37:15,371 IT IS NOW SAFE TO ORDER LUNCH. 1362 00:37:15,371 --> 00:37:16,889 >> BUT I ONLY HAVE THREE BUCKS 1363 00:37:16,889 --> 00:37:17,373 ON ME. 1364 00:37:17,373 --> 00:37:18,581 >> YOU CAN GET THE TOFU 1365 00:37:18,581 --> 00:37:20,272 BROCCOLI SALAD FOR $2.75. 1366 00:37:20,272 --> 00:37:22,067 >> A DELICIOUS AND HEALTHY 1367 00:37:22,067 --> 00:37:23,033 CHOICE, SIR. 1368 00:37:23,033 --> 00:37:24,172 >> YEAH. RIGHT. 1369 00:37:24,172 --> 00:37:25,381 THANKS, CSPI GUY. 1370 00:37:25,381 --> 00:37:26,692 FREAKIN' JACKASS. 1371 00:37:26,692 --> 00:37:29,971 >> CSPI GUY, YOU'RE MY HERO. 1372 00:37:29,971 --> 00:37:31,214 >> THANK YOU, MA'AM. 1373 00:37:31,214 --> 00:37:33,043 BUT IT'S ALL IN A DAY'S WORK FOR 1374 00:37:33,043 --> 00:37:36,599 BUT IT'S ALL IN A DAY'S WORK FOR THE GUY FROM CSPI. 1375 00:37:36,599 --> 00:37:42,639 THE GUY FROM CSPI. 1376 00:37:42,639 --> 00:37:44,400 >> AND SINCE WE CAN'T BE TRUSTED 1377 00:37:44,400 --> 00:37:46,229 TO MAKE DECISIONS FOR OURSELVES, 1378 00:37:46,229 --> 00:37:47,989 WE CERTAINLY CAN'T BE TRUSTED TO 1379 00:37:47,989 --> 00:37:49,715 MAKE DECISIONS FOR OUR KIDS, SO 1380 00:37:49,715 --> 00:37:51,407 THE EVANGELISTS WANT TO GET RID 1381 00:37:51,407 --> 00:37:52,718 OF THAT WHOLE ANNOYING 1382 00:37:52,718 --> 00:37:54,341 FREEDOM-OF-SPEECH CONCEPT AND 1383 00:37:54,341 --> 00:37:56,101 PUT A STOP TO MARKETING EFFORTS 1384 00:37:56,101 --> 00:37:57,861 THAT ARE DIRECTED AT CHILDREN. 1385 00:37:57,861 --> 00:37:59,587 >> IF DOOR-TO-DOOR SALESMAN WERE 1386 00:37:59,587 --> 00:38:01,900 GOING AROUND, RINGING THE BELL, 1387 00:38:01,900 --> 00:38:03,557 AND THE DOOR IS ANSWERED BY A 1388 00:38:03,557 --> 00:38:05,144 4- OR 5-YEAR-OLD, AND 1389 00:38:05,144 --> 00:38:07,354 THEY'RE SELLING THEM ICE CREAM 1390 00:38:07,354 --> 00:38:08,424 AND CANDY AND COOKIES, THERE 1391 00:38:08,424 --> 00:38:09,597 WOULD BE A LEGITIMATE COMPLAINT 1392 00:38:09,597 --> 00:38:10,702 THERE, BUT THAT'S NOT WHAT'S 1393 00:38:10,702 --> 00:38:11,703 GOING ON, AND WE SHOULDN'T 1394 00:38:11,703 --> 00:38:14,257 PRETEND THAT'S WHAT'S GOING ON. 1395 00:38:14,257 --> 00:38:16,777 THERE IS THIS INTERVENING FORCE 1396 00:38:16,777 --> 00:38:18,019 KNOWN AS PARENTS. 1397 00:38:18,019 --> 00:38:21,540 >> BUT THE GUY FROM CSPI SAYS 1398 00:38:21,540 --> 00:38:23,646 KIDS SEE SO MANY ADVERTISEMENTS 1399 00:38:23,646 --> 00:38:25,475 FOR JUNK FOODS, PARENTS ARE 1400 00:38:25,475 --> 00:38:26,959 POWERLESS TO SAY NO. 1401 00:38:26,959 --> 00:38:28,858 CAN THAT BE TRUE, OR IS THAT 1402 00:38:28,858 --> 00:38:30,480 ALSO A LOAD OF BALONEY? 1403 00:38:30,480 --> 00:38:32,102 TO FIND OUT, I CONSULTED WITH A 1404 00:38:32,102 --> 00:38:33,621 LEADING EXPERT IN THE FIELD OF 1405 00:38:33,621 --> 00:38:35,174 CHILD-REARING. 1406 00:38:35,174 --> 00:38:37,867 SO, WHEN I WAS, SAY, 13, 14, 1407 00:38:37,867 --> 00:38:39,903 HOW OFTEN DID I WANT TO EAT AT 1408 00:38:39,903 --> 00:38:42,043 McDONALD'S? 1409 00:38:42,043 --> 00:38:43,251 >> WELL, YOU PROBABLY WANTED TO 1410 00:38:43,251 --> 00:38:44,736 EAT IT EVERY NIGHT IF YOU HAD A 1411 00:38:44,736 --> 00:38:45,253 CHANCE. 1412 00:38:45,253 --> 00:38:46,669 >> HOW OFTEN DID YOU ACTUALLY 1413 00:38:46,669 --> 00:38:47,911 LET US EAT AT McDONALD'S? 1414 00:38:47,911 --> 00:38:49,775 >> OH, PROBABLY MAYBE ONCE A 1415 00:38:49,775 --> 00:38:52,226 WEEK I'D LET YOU SPLURGE. 1416 00:38:52,226 --> 00:38:53,952 >> SO, LET ME GET THIS STRAIGHT. 1417 00:38:53,952 --> 00:38:55,574 I WOULD HAVE EATEN THERE EVERY 1418 00:38:55,574 --> 00:38:56,195 NIGHT. 1419 00:38:56,195 --> 00:38:56,851 >> RIGHT. 1420 00:38:56,851 --> 00:38:58,508 >> YOU ONLY LET ME EAT THERE 1421 00:38:58,508 --> 00:38:59,578 MAYBE ONCE A WEEK. 1422 00:38:59,578 --> 00:39:00,268 >> RIGHT. 1423 00:39:00,268 --> 00:39:01,718 >> WHAT IF I HAD HELD MY BREATH 1424 00:39:01,718 --> 00:39:02,754 UNTIL I TURNED BLUE? 1425 00:39:02,754 --> 00:39:04,100 >> WELL, YOU PROBABLY WOULD 1426 00:39:04,100 --> 00:39:06,792 HAVE PASSED OUT. 1427 00:39:06,792 --> 00:39:10,589 >> THIS IS 1,450 CALORIES OF 1428 00:39:10,589 --> 00:39:13,765 BEEF, BACON, BUN, AND CHEESE. 1429 00:39:13,765 --> 00:39:15,318 HARDEE'S CALLS IT THE MONSTER 1430 00:39:15,318 --> 00:39:16,077 THICKBURGER. 1431 00:39:16,077 --> 00:39:17,665 THEIR SISTER COMPANY CARL'S JR. 1432 00:39:17,665 --> 00:39:19,253 CALLS IT THE DOUBLE SIX DOLLAR 1433 00:39:19,253 --> 00:39:20,288 BURGER. 1434 00:39:20,288 --> 00:39:21,911 THE CENTER FOR SCIENCE IN THE 1435 00:39:21,911 --> 00:39:23,464 PUBLIC INTEREST CALLS IT... 1436 00:39:23,464 --> 00:39:25,086 >> THE HEART ATTACK IN A BUN. 1437 00:39:25,086 --> 00:39:26,709 >> AFTER I EAT THIS, MY CALORIE 1438 00:39:26,709 --> 00:39:28,366 COUNT FOR THE DAY WILL STILL BE 1439 00:39:28,366 --> 00:39:30,471 ABOUT 2,200. 1440 00:39:30,471 --> 00:39:32,300 IF I DIE AFTER I EAT IT, I'LL 1441 00:39:32,300 --> 00:39:34,268 HAVE MY WIFE CONTRIBUTE, I DON'T 1442 00:39:34,268 --> 00:39:37,271 HAVE MY WIFE CONTRIBUTE, I DON'T KNOW, SIX BUCKS TO CSPI. 1443 00:39:37,271 --> 00:39:40,550 KNOW, SIX BUCKS TO CSPI. 1444 00:39:40,550 --> 00:39:43,588 IT'S ABOUT 1:15 IN THE MORNING, 1445 00:39:43,588 --> 00:39:46,660 AND I'M AWAKE 'CAUSE I, UH -- I, 1446 00:39:46,660 --> 00:39:48,938 UH -- I FEEL GREAT. 1447 00:39:48,938 --> 00:39:50,802 REALLY, I FEEL GREAT. 1448 00:39:50,802 --> 00:39:51,837 YOU KNOW, IF I THOUGHT I WAS 1449 00:39:51,837 --> 00:39:52,735 HAVING A HEART ATTACK OR 1450 00:39:52,735 --> 00:39:53,839 SOMETHING, I PROBABLY WOULDN'T 1451 00:39:53,839 --> 00:39:56,532 BOTHER SETTING UP A CAMERA. 1452 00:39:56,532 --> 00:39:58,499 "HONEY, I HAVE CHEST PAINS. 1453 00:39:58,499 --> 00:40:00,190 QUICK, GET A TRIPOD." 1454 00:40:00,190 --> 00:40:01,675 "I THINK I'M DYING. 1455 00:40:01,675 --> 00:40:03,090 I-IS THERE ENOUGH LIGHT IN HERE 1456 00:40:03,090 --> 00:40:03,746 TO SHOOT?" 1457 00:40:03,746 --> 00:40:06,749 "OH, GOD, I CAN BARELY BREATHE. 1458 00:40:06,749 --> 00:40:09,648 "OH, GOD, I CAN BARELY BREATHE. SWITCH THE MIC TO MINUS-10 dB." 1459 00:40:09,648 --> 00:40:24,801 SWITCH THE MIC TO MINUS-10 dB." 1460 00:40:24,801 --> 00:40:26,527 IN 2004, THE CENTERS FOR 1461 00:40:26,527 --> 00:40:28,218 DISEASE CONTROL RELEASED A 1462 00:40:28,218 --> 00:40:30,048 PowerPoint PRESENTATION THAT 1463 00:40:30,048 --> 00:40:31,705 SHOWED OBESITY GROWING AND 1464 00:40:31,705 --> 00:40:33,431 SPREADING LIKE A CONTAGIOUS 1465 00:40:33,431 --> 00:40:34,155 DISEASE. 1466 00:40:34,155 --> 00:40:35,502 THE MEDIA ATE IT UP. 1467 00:40:35,502 --> 00:40:37,020 SPURLOCK FEATURED IT IN 1468 00:40:37,020 --> 00:40:38,332 "SUPER SIZE ME." 1469 00:40:38,332 --> 00:40:39,229 >> AND AT THE TIME, THERE WERE 1470 00:40:39,229 --> 00:40:40,507 HEADLINES TRUMPETING EVERYWHERE 1471 00:40:40,507 --> 00:40:41,577 THAT OBESITY WAS SOON TO 1472 00:40:41,577 --> 00:40:42,612 OVERTAKE SMOKING AS THE 1473 00:40:42,612 --> 00:40:43,924 NUMBER-ONE CAUSE OF PREVENTABLE 1474 00:40:43,924 --> 00:40:45,443 DEATH IN THIS COUNTRY. 1475 00:40:45,443 --> 00:40:46,444 THE HEAD OF THE CDC, 1476 00:40:46,444 --> 00:40:47,755 JULIE GERBERDING, WENT BEFORE 1477 00:40:47,755 --> 00:40:48,894 CONGRESS AND ISSUED BIG 1478 00:40:48,894 --> 00:40:49,861 WARNINGS. 1479 00:40:49,861 --> 00:40:51,449 AND THERE WAS A BIG UPROAR OVER 1480 00:40:51,449 --> 00:40:53,036 THE NUMBER OF DEATHS THAT WOULD 1481 00:40:53,036 --> 00:40:53,520 OCCUR. 1482 00:40:53,520 --> 00:40:55,038 BASICALLY, WHAT THEY DID WAS 1483 00:40:55,038 --> 00:40:56,488 DIVIDE THEIR SURVEY SAMPLES 1484 00:40:56,488 --> 00:40:58,076 BETWEEN PEOPLE WHO WERE OBESE 1485 00:40:58,076 --> 00:40:59,595 AND PEOPLE WHO WERE NOT OBESE, 1486 00:40:59,595 --> 00:41:01,148 AND THEN BASICALLY LOOKED AT 1487 00:41:01,148 --> 00:41:02,045 RATES OF DEATH. 1488 00:41:02,045 --> 00:41:03,633 NOW, IF YOU ARE OBESE, AND YOU 1489 00:41:03,633 --> 00:41:05,117 DIED FROM A SNAKEBITE, THEY 1490 00:41:05,117 --> 00:41:06,498 WOULD SAY THAT IT WAS YOUR 1491 00:41:06,498 --> 00:41:08,086 OBESITY THAT WAS CAUSING YOUR 1492 00:41:08,086 --> 00:41:09,467 DEATH, NOT THE SNAKEBITE. 1493 00:41:09,467 --> 00:41:11,020 AND THIS WAS PART OF A LITTLE 1494 00:41:11,020 --> 00:41:12,677 STATISTICAL HANKY-PANKY ON THEIR 1495 00:41:12,677 --> 00:41:13,160 PART. 1496 00:41:13,160 --> 00:41:14,472 >> IN OTHER NEWS TODAY, THE 1497 00:41:14,472 --> 00:41:15,990 CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL SAID 1498 00:41:15,990 --> 00:41:17,302 IT MADE A MISTAKE ABOUT THE 1499 00:41:17,302 --> 00:41:18,786 SCOPE OF THE OBESITY EPIDEMIC IN 1500 00:41:18,786 --> 00:41:19,477 THE COUNTRY. 1501 00:41:19,477 --> 00:41:21,030 >> ROUGHLY A YEAR LATER, ANOTHER 1502 00:41:21,030 --> 00:41:22,514 SET OF RESEARCHERS FROM THE CDC 1503 00:41:22,514 --> 00:41:23,998 OFFERED A MUCH, MUCH LOWER SET 1504 00:41:23,998 --> 00:41:24,723 OF ESTIMATES. 1505 00:41:24,723 --> 00:41:26,276 ACCORDING TO THEIR ESTIMATES, IT 1506 00:41:26,276 --> 00:41:27,795 WAS ROUGHLY 25,000 PEOPLE A YEAR 1507 00:41:27,795 --> 00:41:29,383 WHO WERE DYING FROM WEIGHING TOO 1508 00:41:29,383 --> 00:41:29,763 MUCH. 1509 00:41:29,763 --> 00:41:31,109 >> RESEARCHERS SAY THAT 1510 00:41:31,109 --> 00:41:32,835 MATHEMATICAL ERRORS EXAGGERATED 1511 00:41:32,835 --> 00:41:33,801 THE DEATH TOLL. 1512 00:41:33,801 --> 00:41:35,493 >> WHY DID THE CDC INFLATE THE 1513 00:41:35,493 --> 00:41:37,184 NUMBERS OF DEATHS ATTRIBUTABLE 1514 00:41:37,184 --> 00:41:37,943 TO OBESITY? 1515 00:41:37,943 --> 00:41:39,393 >> FOLLOW THE MONEY. 1516 00:41:39,393 --> 00:41:40,290 >> I THINK IT'S ALL ABOUT 1517 00:41:40,290 --> 00:41:41,153 FUNDING AND BUREAUCRATIC 1518 00:41:41,153 --> 00:41:41,533 MISSION. 1519 00:41:41,533 --> 00:41:42,983 WHEN I TALKED TO A FEW CDC 1520 00:41:42,983 --> 00:41:44,605 OFFICIALS, THEY WERE CONSTANTLY 1521 00:41:44,605 --> 00:41:45,951 PREOCCUPIED ABOUT HOW MUCH MONEY 1522 00:41:45,951 --> 00:41:47,194 THE GOVERNMENT OR CONGRESS IS 1523 00:41:47,194 --> 00:41:48,367 GONNA ALLOT FOR THEM FOR THE 1524 00:41:48,367 --> 00:41:49,334 NEXT YEAR, AND THEY'RE 1525 00:41:49,334 --> 00:41:50,231 CONSTANTLY WORRIED ABOUT GETTING 1526 00:41:50,231 --> 00:41:51,301 THEIR FUNDING CUT. 1527 00:41:51,301 --> 00:41:52,544 >> FOLLOW THE MONEY. 1528 00:41:52,544 --> 00:41:53,441 >> ALL OF THIS MIGHT HAVE GONE 1529 00:41:53,441 --> 00:41:54,822 UNNOTICED EXCEPT FOR THE 1530 00:41:54,822 --> 00:41:56,410 ANTI-TOBACCO PEOPLE, WHO SEE 1531 00:41:56,410 --> 00:41:58,170 THIS AS A ZERO-SUM GAME, SO THEY 1532 00:41:58,170 --> 00:41:59,793 SEE THAT IF OBESITY BECOMES A 1533 00:41:59,793 --> 00:42:01,415 BIG PUBLIC-HEALTH ISSUE, IT'S 1534 00:42:01,415 --> 00:42:02,865 GONNA CROWD OUT FUNDING TO 1535 00:42:02,865 --> 00:42:04,383 TACKLE SMOKING AS A 1536 00:42:04,383 --> 00:42:05,212 PUBLIC-HEALTH ISSUE. 1537 00:42:05,212 --> 00:42:06,800 SO THEY WERE AMONG THE FIRST 1538 00:42:06,800 --> 00:42:08,526 PEOPLE TO POINT OUT A LOT OF THE 1539 00:42:08,526 --> 00:42:10,217 METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS IN THE 1540 00:42:10,217 --> 00:42:11,839 ESTIMATES RELATING OBESITY TO 1541 00:42:11,839 --> 00:42:12,909 PUBLIC-HEALTH OUTCOMES. 1542 00:42:12,909 --> 00:42:13,703 >> SO THE QUESTION IS WHAT 1543 00:42:13,703 --> 00:42:16,568 HAPPENS ONCE YOU'VE ELIMINATED 1544 00:42:16,568 --> 00:42:18,743 MOST OF THE TRUE EPIDEMICS? 1545 00:42:18,743 --> 00:42:20,089 YOU START TO COME UP WITH 1546 00:42:20,089 --> 00:42:21,435 METAPHORICAL EPIDEMICS -- 1547 00:42:21,435 --> 00:42:23,023 EPIDEMICS OF SMOKING, EPIDEMICS 1548 00:42:23,023 --> 00:42:23,713 OF OBESITY. 1549 00:42:23,713 --> 00:42:25,094 >> AND IT WOULD BE A-OKAY IF 1550 00:42:25,094 --> 00:42:26,267 THERE WEREN'T SECONDHAND 1551 00:42:26,267 --> 00:42:26,785 OBESITY. 1552 00:42:26,785 --> 00:42:27,855 SECONDHAND OBESITY -- 1553 00:42:27,855 --> 00:42:29,616 >> SECONDHAND OBESITY? 1554 00:42:29,616 --> 00:42:31,031 >> RULE NUMBER ONE WHEN YOU'RE 1555 00:42:31,031 --> 00:42:33,067 COMPETING FOR TAXPAYER MONEY IS 1556 00:42:33,067 --> 00:42:35,138 TO WILDLY EXAGGERATE THE SIZE OF 1557 00:42:35,138 --> 00:42:36,070 THE PROBLEM. 1558 00:42:36,070 --> 00:42:37,209 AT A RECENT MEETING OF 1559 00:42:37,209 --> 00:42:38,728 GOVERNMENT HEALTH OFFICIALS FROM 1560 00:42:38,728 --> 00:42:40,178 AROUND THE WORLD, THEY CALLED 1561 00:42:40,178 --> 00:42:42,111 OBESITY A PANDEMIC THAT WILL 1562 00:42:42,111 --> 00:42:43,595 OVERWHELM THE WORLD'S 1563 00:42:43,595 --> 00:42:45,079 HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS. 1564 00:42:45,079 --> 00:42:46,771 APPARENTLY, FAT PEOPLE ARE 1565 00:42:46,771 --> 00:42:48,773 STAMPEDING THE WORLD'S EMERGENCY 1566 00:42:48,773 --> 00:42:51,569 ROOMS, CHOKING ON THEIR OWN FAT. 1567 00:42:51,569 --> 00:42:53,674 OR MAYBE NOT. 1568 00:42:53,674 --> 00:42:55,918 SO, HOW FAT ARE WE, ANYWAY? 1569 00:42:55,918 --> 00:42:57,885 I KEEP HEARING THESE STATISTICS 1570 00:42:57,885 --> 00:42:59,611 LIKE TWO-THIRDS OF AMERICAN 1571 00:42:59,611 --> 00:43:01,475 ADULTS ARE OVERWEIGHT AND 25% 1572 00:43:01,475 --> 00:43:02,269 ARE OBESE. 1573 00:43:02,269 --> 00:43:04,029 I DEFINITELY SEE A LOT MORE 1574 00:43:04,029 --> 00:43:06,031 PEOPLE WHO LOOK LIKE THIS THAN I 1575 00:43:06,031 --> 00:43:08,033 USED TO, BUT IT'S NOT EVEN CLOSE 1576 00:43:08,033 --> 00:43:09,794 TO 25%. 1577 00:43:09,794 --> 00:43:11,796 MOST OF THE PEOPLE I SEE LOOK 1578 00:43:11,796 --> 00:43:12,900 PRETTY NORMAL. 1579 00:43:12,900 --> 00:43:14,315 >> THE WAY THE HEALTH STATISTICS 1580 00:43:14,315 --> 00:43:15,593 ARE BANTERED ABOUT, YOU WOULD 1581 00:43:15,593 --> 00:43:16,939 THINK THAT MOST AMERICANS HAVE 1582 00:43:16,939 --> 00:43:18,285 GAINED ANYWHERE FROM 50 TO 100 1583 00:43:18,285 --> 00:43:18,734 POUNDS. 1584 00:43:18,734 --> 00:43:20,045 IN FACT, THAT'S NOT THE CASE. 1585 00:43:20,045 --> 00:43:21,426 MOST AMERICANS HAVE ONLY GAINED 1586 00:43:21,426 --> 00:43:22,530 BETWEEN 8 AND 10 POUNDS. 1587 00:43:22,530 --> 00:43:23,946 IT'S JUST THE STATISTICS AND THE 1588 00:43:23,946 --> 00:43:25,326 NUMBERS HAVE MADE THOSE NUMBERS 1589 00:43:25,326 --> 00:43:26,120 SEEM VERY LARGE. 1590 00:43:26,120 --> 00:43:27,743 >> 8 OR 10 POUNDS? 1591 00:43:27,743 --> 00:43:29,365 I GAINED THAT MUCH ON MY 1592 00:43:29,365 --> 00:43:30,159 HONEYMOON. 1593 00:43:30,159 --> 00:43:31,919 HOW DOES AN EXTRA 10 POUNDS 1594 00:43:31,919 --> 00:43:33,231 CREATE AN EPIDEMIC? 1595 00:43:33,231 --> 00:43:34,819 >> YOU HAVE TO GO BACK TO 1998, 1596 00:43:34,819 --> 00:43:36,510 WHERE THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF 1597 00:43:36,510 --> 00:43:37,960 HEALTH ISSUED A REPORT WHERE 1598 00:43:37,960 --> 00:43:39,720 THEY SAID THAT BMI, THE BODY 1599 00:43:39,720 --> 00:43:41,273 MASS INDEX, WOULD BE THE 1600 00:43:41,273 --> 00:43:42,965 STANDARD OF HOW WE EVALUATE 1601 00:43:42,965 --> 00:43:44,932 PEOPLE'S WEIGHT, AND THAT PEOPLE 1602 00:43:44,932 --> 00:43:46,796 WITH A BMI OF 25 OR MORE WOULD 1603 00:43:46,796 --> 00:43:48,591 BE CONSIDERED OVERWEIGHT AND 1604 00:43:48,591 --> 00:43:50,489 PEOPLE WITH A BMI OF 30 OR MORE 1605 00:43:50,489 --> 00:43:52,181 WOULD BE CONSIDERED OBESE. 1606 00:43:52,181 --> 00:43:53,631 THAT DECISION, OVERNIGHT, 1607 00:43:53,631 --> 00:43:55,218 SUDDENLY MEANT MILLIONS AND 1608 00:43:55,218 --> 00:43:56,219 MILLIONS OF AMERICANS WERE 1609 00:43:56,219 --> 00:43:57,151 CONSIDERED OVERWEIGHT -- 1610 00:43:57,151 --> 00:43:58,221 FOR EXAMPLE, ME. 1611 00:43:58,221 --> 00:43:59,947 I'M 6 FEET TALL, 190 POUNDS, 1612 00:43:59,947 --> 00:44:02,778 AND I AM TECHNICALLY OVERWEIGHT. 1613 00:44:02,778 --> 00:44:03,295 >> YOU ARE? 1614 00:44:03,295 --> 00:44:04,780 >> I AM TECHNICALLY OVERWEIGHT. 1615 00:44:04,780 --> 00:44:05,988 >> COULD YOU STAND UP AND TURN 1616 00:44:05,988 --> 00:44:06,402 AROUND? 1617 00:44:06,402 --> 00:44:07,403 IS THAT TOO EMBARRASSING? 1618 00:44:07,403 --> 00:44:08,335 >> NO, NO, NO, NO, NO. SEE. 1619 00:44:08,335 --> 00:44:11,407 THIS IS MY WRINKLED SHIRT. 1620 00:44:11,407 --> 00:44:12,373 >> YOU'RE CONSIDERED OVERWEIGHT? 1621 00:44:12,373 --> 00:44:13,133 >> I'M CONSIDERED OVERWEIGHT BY 1622 00:44:13,133 --> 00:44:14,341 CONTEMPORARY STANDARDS. 1623 00:44:14,341 --> 00:44:15,722 I'M IN GOOD COMPANY. 1624 00:44:15,722 --> 00:44:19,070 GEORGE BUSH, MICHAEL JORDAN, ANY 1625 00:44:19,070 --> 00:44:20,278 NUMBER OF FIGURES WHO ARE 1626 00:44:20,278 --> 00:44:21,659 CONSIDERED TO BE VERY FIT ARE 1627 00:44:21,659 --> 00:44:23,212 ALSO CONSIDERED OVERWEIGHT. 1628 00:44:23,212 --> 00:44:25,248 >> BMI IS A RATIO OF YOUR HEIGHT 1629 00:44:25,248 --> 00:44:26,733 TO WEIGHT, PERIOD. 1630 00:44:26,733 --> 00:44:28,217 IF YOU'RE 6 FEET TALL AND 1631 00:44:28,217 --> 00:44:30,046 WEIGH 225, YOU HAVE A BMI OF 1632 00:44:30,046 --> 00:44:31,979 OVER 30, AND ACCORDING TO THE 1633 00:44:31,979 --> 00:44:33,671 GOVERNMENT, YOU'RE OBESE. 1634 00:44:33,671 --> 00:44:35,431 IT DOESN'T MATTER IF THE EXTRA 1635 00:44:35,431 --> 00:44:37,226 WEIGHT IS IN YOUR BELLY OR YOUR 1636 00:44:37,226 --> 00:44:37,813 BICEPS. 1637 00:44:37,813 --> 00:44:39,538 SO, IN SPITE OF ALL THE MEDIA 1638 00:44:39,538 --> 00:44:41,195 HYPE, WE DON'T HAVE A SUDDEN 1639 00:44:41,195 --> 00:44:42,887 EPIDEMIC OF OBESITY. 1640 00:44:42,887 --> 00:44:44,682 WE HAD A SUDDEN CHANGE IN THE 1641 00:44:44,682 --> 00:44:46,200 DEFINITION OF OBESITY. 1642 00:44:46,200 --> 00:44:48,168 BUT WHY WOULD OUR OWN GOVERNMENT 1643 00:44:48,168 --> 00:44:50,066 WANT TO TELL SO MANY OF US THAT 1644 00:44:50,066 --> 00:44:50,964 WE'RE OBESE? 1645 00:44:50,964 --> 00:44:52,344 FOLLOW THE MONEY. 1646 00:44:52,344 --> 00:44:53,725 >> NOW, MOST OF THESE PEOPLE, 1647 00:44:53,725 --> 00:44:54,726 INCLUDING THE CHAIR, 1648 00:44:54,726 --> 00:44:56,176 XAVIER PI-SUNYER, ARE HEAVILY 1649 00:44:56,176 --> 00:44:57,591 SUBSIDIZED BY THE WEIGHT-LOSS 1650 00:44:57,591 --> 00:44:58,143 INDUSTRY. 1651 00:44:58,143 --> 00:44:59,593 MOST OF THEM RECEIVE NUMEROUS 1652 00:44:59,593 --> 00:45:00,801 RESEARCH GRANTS, SERVE ON 1653 00:45:00,801 --> 00:45:02,216 VARIOUS BOARDS, HAVE RECEIVED 1654 00:45:02,216 --> 00:45:03,562 VARIOUS TYPES OF FUNDING OR 1655 00:45:03,562 --> 00:45:04,563 AWARDS FROM VARIOUS 1656 00:45:04,563 --> 00:45:05,737 PHARMACEUTICAL AND OTHER 1657 00:45:05,737 --> 00:45:06,980 WEIGHT-LOSS COMPANIES. 1658 00:45:06,980 --> 00:45:08,671 THE CONFLICT OF INTEREST BETWEEN 1659 00:45:08,671 --> 00:45:10,121 OBESITY RESEARCHERS AND THE 1660 00:45:10,121 --> 00:45:12,157 WEIGHT-LOSS INDUSTRY IS LARGE 1661 00:45:12,157 --> 00:45:13,400 AND PROBLEMATIC. 1662 00:45:13,400 --> 00:45:15,057 >> HERE ARE SOME NO-BALONEY 1663 00:45:15,057 --> 00:45:16,679 FACTS THAT THE CDC DOESN'T 1664 00:45:16,679 --> 00:45:17,335 MENTION. 1665 00:45:17,335 --> 00:45:19,647 IN 1970, THE MEDIAN AGE IN 1666 00:45:19,647 --> 00:45:21,097 AMERICA WAS 27. 1667 00:45:21,097 --> 00:45:23,168 TODAY, IT'S 36. 1668 00:45:23,168 --> 00:45:25,067 IS IT REALLY A BIG SHOCK THAT A 1669 00:45:25,067 --> 00:45:26,620 POPULATION THAT'S NEARLY 1670 00:45:26,620 --> 00:45:28,380 10 YEARS OLDER WOULD ALSO BE 1671 00:45:28,380 --> 00:45:29,588 10 POUNDS HEAVIER? 1672 00:45:29,588 --> 00:45:31,659 ALSO IN 1970, BLACKS AND 1673 00:45:31,659 --> 00:45:34,110 HISPANICS MADE UP ABOUT 15% OF 1674 00:45:34,110 --> 00:45:35,387 THE POPULATION. 1675 00:45:35,387 --> 00:45:37,631 TODAY THAT'S MORE THAN 25% AND 1676 00:45:37,631 --> 00:45:38,805 STILL GROWING. 1677 00:45:38,805 --> 00:45:39,909 WELL, GUESS WHAT. 1678 00:45:39,909 --> 00:45:41,669 BLACKS AND HISPANICS ARE MUCH 1679 00:45:41,669 --> 00:45:43,326 MORE LIKELY TO HAVE A BMI OF 1680 00:45:43,326 --> 00:45:43,982 OVER 30. 1681 00:45:43,982 --> 00:45:45,673 AND IT'S NOT BECAUSE THEY'RE 1682 00:45:45,673 --> 00:45:46,709 LAZY OR STUPID. 1683 00:45:46,709 --> 00:45:48,159 THEY'RE JUST GENETICALLY 1684 00:45:48,159 --> 00:45:49,919 PREDISPOSED TO BE THICKER THAN 1685 00:45:49,919 --> 00:45:50,851 WHITE PEOPLE. 1686 00:45:50,851 --> 00:45:52,266 THIS ISN'T AN EPIDEMIC, 1687 00:45:52,266 --> 00:45:53,751 IT'S A POPULATION SHIFT. 1688 00:45:53,751 --> 00:45:55,476 AND IT MAKES SOME PEOPLE VERY 1689 00:45:55,476 --> 00:45:56,443 UNCOMFORTABLE. 1690 00:45:56,443 --> 00:45:57,444 >> I THINK A LOT OF OUR 1691 00:45:57,444 --> 00:45:59,480 APPREHENSION ABOUT OBESITY IS 1692 00:45:59,480 --> 00:46:01,689 TIED UP WITH AN AVERSION TOWARDS 1693 00:46:01,689 --> 00:46:02,276 RACE. 1694 00:46:02,276 --> 00:46:03,933 WHITE PEOPLE SEE HIGHER 1695 00:46:03,933 --> 00:46:05,314 PERCENTAGES OF LATINOS OR 1696 00:46:05,314 --> 00:46:06,902 AFRICAN-AMERICANS BEING OBESE, 1697 00:46:06,902 --> 00:46:08,558 AND IT GETS TIED UP WITH A LOT 1698 00:46:08,558 --> 00:46:10,215 OF THESE ISSUES ABOUT INDIVIDUAL 1699 00:46:10,215 --> 00:46:11,699 SELF-CONTROL, AND WE END UP 1700 00:46:11,699 --> 00:46:13,391 FINDING THAT, FOR EXAMPLE, A LOT 1701 00:46:13,391 --> 00:46:15,013 OF THE SAME TYPES OF WORDS AND 1702 00:46:15,013 --> 00:46:16,566 DESCRIPTIONS THAT ARE USED TO 1703 00:46:16,566 --> 00:46:17,878 DENIGRATE MINORITIES AND 1704 00:46:17,878 --> 00:46:19,604 DENIGRATE THE POOR ARE ALSO USED 1705 00:46:19,604 --> 00:46:20,916 TO DENIGRATE FAT PEOPLE. 1706 00:46:20,916 --> 00:46:21,882 ONE OF THE MOST INTERESTING 1707 00:46:21,882 --> 00:46:22,952 THINGS I FOUND ON THIS WAS WHEN 1708 00:46:22,952 --> 00:46:24,712 I GO TO CONFERENCES OF OBESITY 1709 00:46:24,712 --> 00:46:25,575 RESEARCHERS. 1710 00:46:25,575 --> 00:46:27,232 EVERYONE IS A THIN WHITE PERSON. 1711 00:46:27,232 --> 00:46:28,268 >> IT'S NOT JUST A PERSONAL 1712 00:46:28,268 --> 00:46:28,682 CHOICE. 1713 00:46:28,682 --> 00:46:30,339 THE REST OF US PICK UP THE TAB. 1714 00:46:30,339 --> 00:46:31,858 THE NEXT GENERATION'S FAT. 1715 00:46:31,858 --> 00:46:34,308 WE SEE THAT OBESITY COMPROMISES 1716 00:46:34,308 --> 00:46:35,896 EDUCATIONAL POSSIBILITIES. 1717 00:46:35,896 --> 00:46:37,001 >> AND IT'S ALL OF THESE THIN 1718 00:46:37,001 --> 00:46:38,209 WHITE PEOPLE WHO ARE FRETTING SO 1719 00:46:38,209 --> 00:46:40,073 MUCH ABOUT THE WEIGHT OF, YOU 1720 00:46:40,073 --> 00:46:41,902 KNOW, BLACK AND BROWN PEOPLE. 1721 00:46:41,902 --> 00:46:43,248 >> TO BE PERFECTLY HONEST, I 1722 00:46:43,248 --> 00:46:44,802 WISH I COULD WEAR A SWIMSUIT IN 1723 00:46:44,802 --> 00:46:45,872 PUBLIC WITHOUT FEELING 1724 00:46:45,872 --> 00:46:47,218 EMBARRASSED, WHICH I HAVEN'T 1725 00:46:47,218 --> 00:46:49,841 DONE SINCE I WAS MAYBE 13, BUT 1726 00:46:49,841 --> 00:46:51,843 THAT'S NOT WHAT REALLY MATTERS. 1727 00:46:51,843 --> 00:46:53,811 MY FIRST DAUGHTER WAS BORN THE 1728 00:46:53,811 --> 00:46:55,329 SAME WEEK I TURNED 45. 1729 00:46:55,329 --> 00:46:57,331 I WAS 46 WHEN HER LITTLE SISTER 1730 00:46:57,331 --> 00:46:58,056 CAME ALONG. 1731 00:46:58,056 --> 00:46:59,575 I WANT TO LIVE LONG ENOUGH TO 1732 00:46:59,575 --> 00:47:01,025 SEE THEM GROW UP AND BECOME 1733 00:47:01,025 --> 00:47:02,647 WHOEVER THEY'RE SUPPOSED TO BE. 1734 00:47:02,647 --> 00:47:03,924 I WANT TO DANCE AT THEIR 1735 00:47:03,924 --> 00:47:04,580 WEDDINGS. 1736 00:47:04,580 --> 00:47:05,788 I WANT TO PLAY WITH MY 1737 00:47:05,788 --> 00:47:06,651 GRANDCHILDREN. 1738 00:47:06,651 --> 00:47:08,515 SO, IS THE EXTRA 20 POUNDS I'M 1739 00:47:08,515 --> 00:47:10,551 CARRYING AROUND GOING TO KILL ME 1740 00:47:10,551 --> 00:47:11,898 BEFORE MY TIME? 1741 00:47:11,898 --> 00:47:13,485 WELL, LET'S LOOK AT A COUPLE 1742 00:47:13,485 --> 00:47:15,349 MORE NO-BALONEY FACTS THE CDC 1743 00:47:15,349 --> 00:47:16,695 DOESN'T TALK ABOUT. 1744 00:47:16,695 --> 00:47:18,697 PEOPLE THE GOVERNMENT CLASSIFIES 1745 00:47:18,697 --> 00:47:20,492 AS OVERWEIGHT ACTUALLY HAVE 1746 00:47:20,492 --> 00:47:22,322 LONGER AVERAGE LIFE-SPANS THAN 1747 00:47:22,322 --> 00:47:24,048 PEOPLE CLASSIFIED AS NORMAL 1748 00:47:24,048 --> 00:47:24,703 WEIGHT. 1749 00:47:24,703 --> 00:47:26,498 AND MEN WHO ARE CLASSIFIED AS 1750 00:47:26,498 --> 00:47:28,362 OBESE BUT GET REGULAR EXERCISE 1751 00:47:28,362 --> 00:47:30,226 ARE ONLY HALF AS LIKELY TO DIE 1752 00:47:30,226 --> 00:47:31,952 PREMATURELY AS THIN MEN WHO 1753 00:47:31,952 --> 00:47:33,471 DON'T EXERCISE. 1754 00:47:33,471 --> 00:47:34,990 >> ONE OF THE BIG PROBLEMS OF 1755 00:47:34,990 --> 00:47:36,508 MAKING WEIGHT A BAROMETER OF 1756 00:47:36,508 --> 00:47:38,027 HEALTH AND FITNESS IS THAT IT 1757 00:47:38,027 --> 00:47:39,649 SIMPLY SAYS THAT IF SOMEONE IS 1758 00:47:39,649 --> 00:47:41,237 THIN, NO MATTER HOW FIT THEY 1759 00:47:41,237 --> 00:47:42,790 ARE, THEY'RE HEALTHIER THAN 1760 00:47:42,790 --> 00:47:44,378 SOMEBODY WHO IS FAT, WHEN IN 1761 00:47:44,378 --> 00:47:46,173 FACT, THE SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE IS 1762 00:47:46,173 --> 00:47:47,865 OVERWHELMINGLY CONCLUSIVE THAT 1763 00:47:47,865 --> 00:47:49,832 PEOPLE WHO ARE FIT AND ACTIVE 1764 00:47:49,832 --> 00:47:51,696 ARE HEALTHIER NO MATTER WHAT 1765 00:47:51,696 --> 00:47:53,042 THEIR BODY SIZE IS. 1766 00:47:53,042 --> 00:47:53,491 >> OKAY. 1767 00:47:53,491 --> 00:47:54,733 YOU DIDN'T TELL ME THAT YOU WORK 1768 00:47:54,733 --> 00:47:55,873 OUT, BUT I'M FEELING LOTS OF 1769 00:47:55,873 --> 00:47:56,425 MUSCLE HERE. 1770 00:47:56,425 --> 00:47:58,013 AND WHAT DO YOU DO FOR PHYSICAL 1771 00:47:58,013 --> 00:47:58,876 ACTIVITY, TOM? 1772 00:47:58,876 --> 00:48:00,429 >> WALK. 1773 00:48:00,429 --> 00:48:02,810 >> DAILY? 1774 00:48:02,810 --> 00:48:04,226 >> THE HDL IS INCREDIBLE. 1775 00:48:04,226 --> 00:48:04,847 IT'S 61. 1776 00:48:04,847 --> 00:48:06,366 AND YOUR TRIGLYCERIDES WERE 1777 00:48:06,366 --> 00:48:06,884 GREAT. 1778 00:48:06,884 --> 00:48:09,852 THEY WERE 70. 1779 00:48:09,852 --> 00:48:11,302 >> THE PROBLEM WITH LINKING 1780 00:48:11,302 --> 00:48:13,028 OBESITY TO MOST DISEASES IS MUCH 1781 00:48:13,028 --> 00:48:14,546 LIKE SAYING THAT, "WELL, THE 1782 00:48:14,546 --> 00:48:16,238 REAL PROBLEM WITH LUNG CANCER IS 1783 00:48:16,238 --> 00:48:17,895 BAD BREATH OR SMELLY CLOTHES," 1784 00:48:17,895 --> 00:48:19,241 RATHER THAN BLAMING CIGARETTES. 1785 00:48:19,241 --> 00:48:20,552 I.E., WE'RE BLAMING AN 1786 00:48:20,552 --> 00:48:22,209 ASSOCIATED SYMPTOM RATHER THAN 1787 00:48:22,209 --> 00:48:23,797 AN UNDERLYING CAUSE OF THESE 1788 00:48:23,797 --> 00:48:24,902 HEALTH CONDITIONS. 1789 00:48:24,902 --> 00:48:26,351 AND WHY ARE WE BLAMING THE 1790 00:48:26,351 --> 00:48:27,007 SYMPTOM? 1791 00:48:27,007 --> 00:48:28,215 >> FOLLOW THE MONEY. 1792 00:48:28,215 --> 00:48:29,458 >> WELL, IT'S VERY PROFITABLE 1793 00:48:29,458 --> 00:48:30,528 FOR CERTAIN GROUPS IN OUR 1794 00:48:30,528 --> 00:48:31,874 SOCIETY TO TREAT THESE SYMPTOMS. 1795 00:48:31,874 --> 00:48:34,325 >> AND THAT'S ALL OBESITY IS. 1796 00:48:34,325 --> 00:48:35,257 IT'S A SYMPTOM. 1797 00:48:35,257 --> 00:48:36,844 IF YOU HAVE CHRONICALLY HIGH 1798 00:48:36,844 --> 00:48:38,605 BLOOD SUGAR, THERE'S A VERY GOOD 1799 00:48:38,605 --> 00:48:40,227 CHANCE IT'LL MAKE YOU FAT, BUT 1800 00:48:40,227 --> 00:48:41,919 THERE ARE PLENTY OF THIN PEOPLE 1801 00:48:41,919 --> 00:48:43,644 WHO ALSO HAVE HIGH BLOOD SUGAR, 1802 00:48:43,644 --> 00:48:45,163 AND THERE ARE PLENTY OF FAT 1803 00:48:45,163 --> 00:48:46,095 PEOPLE LIKE ME. 1804 00:48:46,095 --> 00:48:47,062 I'M OVERWEIGHT. 1805 00:48:47,062 --> 00:48:48,787 IN FACT, I'M TECHNICALLY OBESE, 1806 00:48:48,787 --> 00:48:50,513 BUT I'M PERFECTLY HEALTHY, AND 1807 00:48:50,513 --> 00:48:51,825 MY BLOOD SUGAR IS NORMAL. 1808 00:48:51,825 --> 00:48:53,551 AND IF ANYTHING IS GOING TO KILL 1809 00:48:53,551 --> 00:48:55,311 YOU, IT'S HIGH BLOOD SUGAR. 1810 00:48:55,311 --> 00:48:56,002 >> YEAH, I THINK THE MOST 1811 00:48:56,002 --> 00:48:57,796 DIFFICULT GROUP OF PEOPLE TO 1812 00:48:57,796 --> 00:48:59,764 WORK WITH AS A PHYSICIAN ARE THE 1813 00:48:59,764 --> 00:49:01,593 PEOPLE WHO HAVE THE METABOLIC 1814 00:49:01,593 --> 00:49:03,561 PROBLEMS -- THEY HAVE HIGH BLOOD 1815 00:49:03,561 --> 00:49:05,218 PRESSURE, THEY HAVE TYPE-2 1816 00:49:05,218 --> 00:49:07,082 DIABETES -- AND YET THEY DON'T 1817 00:49:07,082 --> 00:49:08,946 GAIN WEIGHT, 'CAUSE IT'S VERY 1818 00:49:08,946 --> 00:49:10,775 DIFFICULT FOR A PHYSICIAN TO 1819 00:49:10,775 --> 00:49:12,777 MAKE THAT PERSON UNDERSTAND THAT 1820 00:49:12,777 --> 00:49:14,813 THEY HAVE TO CHANGE THE WAY THEY 1821 00:49:14,813 --> 00:49:15,918 EAT. 1822 00:49:15,918 --> 00:49:17,437 >> OVER THE PAST 30 YEARS, 1823 00:49:17,437 --> 00:49:18,956 MILLIONS OF AMERICANS HAVE 1824 00:49:18,956 --> 00:49:20,509 DEVELOPED A CONDITION THAT 1825 00:49:20,509 --> 00:49:22,338 DOCTORS CALL METABOLIC SYNDROME. 1826 00:49:22,338 --> 00:49:24,340 IT BEGINS WITH HIGH BLOOD SUGAR 1827 00:49:24,340 --> 00:49:26,377 AND CAN EVENTUALLY CAUSE INSULIN 1828 00:49:26,377 --> 00:49:28,448 RESISTANCE, TYPE-2 DIABETES, AND 1829 00:49:28,448 --> 00:49:29,759 HEART DISEASE. 1830 00:49:29,759 --> 00:49:32,038 AND THAT'STHE REAL EPIDEMIC. 1831 00:49:32,038 --> 00:49:33,453 SO, WHAT'S CAUSING IT? 1832 00:49:33,453 --> 00:49:35,317 WELL, A BIG PART OF THE PROBLEM 1833 00:49:35,317 --> 00:49:37,077 MIGHT JUST BE THE VERY ADVICE 1834 00:49:37,077 --> 00:49:38,837 THAT WAS SUPPOSED TO MAKE US 1835 00:49:38,837 --> 00:49:40,287 HEALTHY. 1836 00:49:40,287 --> 00:49:42,945 >> ♪ AND YOU ASK IF I'VE GOT THE 1837 00:49:42,945 --> 00:49:44,257 FAT ♪ 1838 00:49:44,257 --> 00:49:46,776 ♪ THAT JUST MIGHT HAVE A HEART 1839 00:49:46,776 --> 00:49:49,434 ATTACK ♪ 1840 00:49:49,434 --> 00:49:50,988 >> NOW, IT'S PROBABLY NOT GOING 1841 00:49:50,988 --> 00:49:52,575 TO MAKE MY DOCTOR VERY HAPPY TO 1842 00:49:52,575 --> 00:49:54,163 HEAR THIS, BUT I RAN AN ANALYSIS 1843 00:49:54,163 --> 00:49:56,372 ON MY FAST-FOOD DIET SO FAR. 1844 00:49:56,372 --> 00:49:58,064 I'M ABOUT TWO WEEKS INTO IT, AND 1845 00:49:58,064 --> 00:50:00,652 I'M GETTING ABOUT 54% OF MY 1846 00:50:00,652 --> 00:50:03,517 CALORIES FROM FAT AND ABOUT 22% 1847 00:50:03,517 --> 00:50:05,071 OF MY CALORIES FROM SATURATED 1848 00:50:05,071 --> 00:50:05,519 FAT. 1849 00:50:05,519 --> 00:50:06,969 ACCORDING TO ALL THE USUAL 1850 00:50:06,969 --> 00:50:08,557 DIETARY ADVICE, THAT MEANS MY 1851 00:50:08,557 --> 00:50:10,283 CHOLESTEROL IS PROBABLY SHOOTING 1852 00:50:10,283 --> 00:50:10,662 UP. 1853 00:50:10,662 --> 00:50:12,354 I'M PUTTING MYSELF AT RISK FOR A 1854 00:50:12,354 --> 00:50:14,045 HEART ATTACK DOWN THE LINE IF I 1855 00:50:14,045 --> 00:50:15,012 KEEP DOING THIS. 1856 00:50:15,012 --> 00:50:16,910 >> THE USUAL ADVICE FOR AVOIDING 1857 00:50:16,910 --> 00:50:18,394 HEART DISEASE IS TO EAT A 1858 00:50:18,394 --> 00:50:20,017 LOW-FAT DIET WITH PLENTY OF 1859 00:50:20,017 --> 00:50:21,639 WHOLE GRAINS, AND SUBSTITUTE 1860 00:50:21,639 --> 00:50:23,296 VEGETABLE OILS FOR SATURATED 1861 00:50:23,296 --> 00:50:24,159 ANIMAL FATS. 1862 00:50:24,159 --> 00:50:26,299 BUT DOES THAT ADVICE REALLY FIT 1863 00:50:26,299 --> 00:50:27,714 WITH HUMAN BIOLOGY? 1864 00:50:27,714 --> 00:50:29,578 LET'S START WITH ONE SIMPLE 1865 00:50:29,578 --> 00:50:30,130 IDEA. 1866 00:50:30,130 --> 00:50:31,994 MOTHER NATURE ISN'T STUPID. 1867 00:50:31,994 --> 00:50:34,134 SHE DIDN'T MAKE HUMAN BEINGS THE 1868 00:50:34,134 --> 00:50:35,894 ONLY SPECIES ON EARTH WHO 1869 00:50:35,894 --> 00:50:37,793 PREFERS FOODS THAT WILL KILL 1870 00:50:37,793 --> 00:50:38,242 US. 1871 00:50:38,242 --> 00:50:39,967 SO, WHAT DO HUMAN BEINGS 1872 00:50:39,967 --> 00:50:41,659 NATURALLY LIKE TO EAT? 1873 00:50:41,659 --> 00:50:43,661 >> YOUR NATURAL PREFERENCE IS 1874 00:50:43,661 --> 00:50:45,490 FOR THINGS THAT ARE SALTY, 1875 00:50:45,490 --> 00:50:47,320 THINGS THAT ARE SWEET, AND 1876 00:50:47,320 --> 00:50:49,770 THINGS THAT ARE FATTY. 1877 00:50:49,770 --> 00:50:51,565 YOU HAVE THOSE THREE NATIVE 1878 00:50:51,565 --> 00:50:53,153 DESIRES FOR GOOD REASON. 1879 00:50:53,153 --> 00:50:54,568 THOSE ARE THE THINGS THAT ARE 1880 00:50:54,568 --> 00:50:55,293 GOOD FOR YOU. 1881 00:50:55,293 --> 00:50:56,777 THAT'S WHERE THE NUTRIENTS THAT 1882 00:50:56,777 --> 00:50:57,847 YOU NEED ARE LOCATED. 1883 00:50:57,847 --> 00:50:59,677 >> IN NATURE, SWEET MEANS FRUIT, 1884 00:50:59,677 --> 00:51:01,368 ALONG WITH CERTAIN VEGETABLES 1885 00:51:01,368 --> 00:51:02,266 LIKE CARROTS. 1886 00:51:02,266 --> 00:51:03,888 AND THOSE ARE GOOD FOR YOU. 1887 00:51:03,888 --> 00:51:05,579 FATS OCCUR NATURALLY IN FOODS 1888 00:51:05,579 --> 00:51:07,271 LIKE OLIVES AND NUTS, BUT FOR 1889 00:51:07,271 --> 00:51:08,824 MOST OF HUMAN HISTORY, THE 1890 00:51:08,824 --> 00:51:10,412 BIGGEST SOURCE OF FAT WAS 1891 00:51:10,412 --> 00:51:12,310 SATURATED ANIMAL FAT, WHICH IS 1892 00:51:12,310 --> 00:51:14,001 FATTY AND SALTY. 1893 00:51:14,001 --> 00:51:15,106 YUM, YUM. 1894 00:51:15,106 --> 00:51:17,108 AND FOR MILLIONS OF YEARS, THIS 1895 00:51:17,108 --> 00:51:18,627 IS EXACTLY HOW WE ATE. 1896 00:51:18,627 --> 00:51:20,318 WE ATE NO SUGAR, ALMOST NO 1897 00:51:20,318 --> 00:51:21,906 STARCH, A LITTLE BIT OF 1898 00:51:21,906 --> 00:51:23,839 VEGETABLE FAT, AND A WHOLE LOT 1899 00:51:23,839 --> 00:51:25,806 OF SATURATED ANIMAL FAT, UP TO 1900 00:51:25,806 --> 00:51:27,670 5 OR EVEN 10 TIMES AS MUCH AS 1901 00:51:27,670 --> 00:51:29,396 THE EXPERTS SAY WE SHOULD. 1902 00:51:29,396 --> 00:51:31,157 BUT ALMOST NOBODY GOT HEART 1903 00:51:31,157 --> 00:51:32,227 DISEASE. 1904 00:51:32,227 --> 00:51:33,400 >> IF YOU LOOK AT 1905 00:51:33,400 --> 00:51:35,092 PRE-AGRICULTURAL HUMANS, AT 1906 00:51:35,092 --> 00:51:36,783 THEIR SKELETAL REMAINS, THE 1907 00:51:36,783 --> 00:51:38,440 CORTICAL THICKNESS OF THEIR 1908 00:51:38,440 --> 00:51:40,269 BONES, THEY'RE ROBUST, THEY'RE 1909 00:51:40,269 --> 00:51:42,478 TALL, THEY HAD GOOD TEETH. 1910 00:51:42,478 --> 00:51:45,136 WHEN SOCIETIES BECAME 1911 00:51:45,136 --> 00:51:46,724 AGRICULTURAL, AND WE BECAME 1912 00:51:46,724 --> 00:51:48,277 SHORT OF STATURE, YOU KNOW, 1913 00:51:48,277 --> 00:51:49,899 TOOTH DECAY BECAME RAMPANT, 1914 00:51:49,899 --> 00:51:52,109 INFECTIONS WERE RAMPANT -- 1915 00:51:52,109 --> 00:51:54,939 HUMAN HEALTH DEVOLVED WHEN WE 1916 00:51:54,939 --> 00:51:57,010 ADOPTED AGRICULTURE. 1917 00:51:57,010 --> 00:51:58,425 >> IF YOU COULD PACK ALL OF 1918 00:51:58,425 --> 00:51:59,944 HUMAN HISTORY INTO ONE YEAR, 1919 00:51:59,944 --> 00:52:01,359 WE'VE ONLY BEEN FARMING AND 1920 00:52:01,359 --> 00:52:02,947 EATING GRAIN SINCE ABOUT 1921 00:52:02,947 --> 00:52:04,673 YESTERDAY, WHICH IS WHEN WE 1922 00:52:04,673 --> 00:52:06,330 BECAME SHORTER AND FATTER. 1923 00:52:06,330 --> 00:52:07,814 WE ONLY STARTED CONSUMING 1924 00:52:07,814 --> 00:52:09,471 PROCESSED VEGETABLE OILS ABOUT 1925 00:52:09,471 --> 00:52:11,128 10 MINUTES AGO, WHICH IS WHEN 1926 00:52:11,128 --> 00:52:12,543 HEART DISEASE BECAME OUR 1927 00:52:12,543 --> 00:52:13,647 NUMBER-ONE KILLER. 1928 00:52:13,647 --> 00:52:15,753 SO, AFTER EXAMINING ALL THIS 1929 00:52:15,753 --> 00:52:18,065 HUMAN HISTORY, THE EXPERTS CAME 1930 00:52:18,065 --> 00:52:20,344 TO THE OBVIOUS CONCLUSION -- WE 1931 00:52:20,344 --> 00:52:22,725 NEED TO EAT A LOT MORE OF THESE. 1932 00:52:22,725 --> 00:52:24,900 AND SO THEY CONVINCED US THAT 1933 00:52:24,900 --> 00:52:27,247 HUMAN HEALTH DEPENDS ON FOODS WE 1934 00:52:27,247 --> 00:52:29,560 DIDN'T EAT FOR MORE THAN 99% OF 1935 00:52:29,560 --> 00:52:31,217 OUR ENTIRE EXISTENCE. 1936 00:52:31,217 --> 00:52:33,219 HOW DID THIS HAPPEN? 1937 00:52:33,219 --> 00:52:34,116 >> ♪ SHE-DO-DO-DO 1938 00:52:34,116 --> 00:52:35,117 ♪ SHE-DO-DO-DO 1939 00:52:35,117 --> 00:52:36,705 ♪ SHE-DO-DO-DO, WOW-WOW 1940 00:52:36,705 --> 00:52:38,500 >> IN THE 1950s, A BIOCHEMIST 1941 00:52:38,500 --> 00:52:40,226 NAMED ANCEL KEYS PUBLISHED A 1942 00:52:40,226 --> 00:52:41,848 STUDY THAT COMPARED HEART 1943 00:52:41,848 --> 00:52:43,781 DISEASE AND FAT CONSUMPTION IN A 1944 00:52:43,781 --> 00:52:45,162 HALF-DOZEN COUNTRIES -- 1945 00:52:45,162 --> 00:52:46,887 THE MORE FAT, THE MORE HEART 1946 00:52:46,887 --> 00:52:47,578 DISEASE. 1947 00:52:47,578 --> 00:52:50,512 THE TREND LINE WAS UNMISTAKABLE. 1948 00:52:50,512 --> 00:52:52,341 JUST ONE LITTLE PROBLEM -- 1949 00:52:52,341 --> 00:52:53,963 KEYS LEFT OUT COUNTRIES WHERE 1950 00:52:53,963 --> 00:52:55,689 PEOPLE EAT A LOT OF FAT BUT HAVE 1951 00:52:55,689 --> 00:52:57,346 VERY LITTLE HEART DISEASE, LIKE 1952 00:52:57,346 --> 00:52:59,072 HOLLAND AND NORWAY. 1953 00:52:59,072 --> 00:53:01,005 HE ALSO LEFT OUT COUNTRIES WHERE 1954 00:53:01,005 --> 00:53:02,869 PEOPLE DON'T EACH MUCH FAT BUT 1955 00:53:02,869 --> 00:53:04,698 DO HAVE A LOT OF HEART DISEASE, 1956 00:53:04,698 --> 00:53:05,527 LIKE CHILE. 1957 00:53:05,527 --> 00:53:07,563 IN FACT, KEYS HAD RELIABLE DATA 1958 00:53:07,563 --> 00:53:09,289 FROM 22 COUNTRIES, AND THE 1959 00:53:09,289 --> 00:53:11,326 RESULTS WERE ALL OVER THE PLACE, 1960 00:53:11,326 --> 00:53:13,328 BUT YOU CAN'T MAKE A BIG SPLASH 1961 00:53:13,328 --> 00:53:15,364 IN THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY WITH 1962 00:53:15,364 --> 00:53:17,194 A TREND LINE THAT LOOKS LIKE 1963 00:53:17,194 --> 00:53:17,746 THIS. 1964 00:53:17,746 --> 00:53:19,679 SO KEYS DID WHAT ANY DEDICATED 1965 00:53:19,679 --> 00:53:21,059 RESEARCHER WOULD DO. 1966 00:53:21,059 --> 00:53:22,716 HE THREW OUT THE DATA THAT 1967 00:53:22,716 --> 00:53:24,511 DIDN'T FIT AND PUBLISHED HIS 1968 00:53:24,511 --> 00:53:25,202 RESULTS. 1969 00:53:25,202 --> 00:53:27,134 HIS PUNISHMENT FOR THIS BIT OF 1970 00:53:27,134 --> 00:53:29,067 SCIENTIFIC CHICANERY WAS TO GET 1971 00:53:29,067 --> 00:53:30,793 HIS PICTURE ON THE COVER OF 1972 00:53:30,793 --> 00:53:31,898 TIMEMAGAZINE. 1973 00:53:31,898 --> 00:53:33,900 KEYS BECAME KNOWN AS THE FATHER 1974 00:53:33,900 --> 00:53:35,798 OF THE LIPID HYPOTHESIS, WHICH 1975 00:53:35,798 --> 00:53:37,697 SAYS THAT EATING SATURATED FAT 1976 00:53:37,697 --> 00:53:39,561 RAISES THE CHOLESTEROL IN YOUR 1977 00:53:39,561 --> 00:53:41,459 BLOOD, AND HIGH CHOLESTEROL IN 1978 00:53:41,459 --> 00:53:43,358 YOUR BLOOD CLOGS YOUR ARTERIES 1979 00:53:43,358 --> 00:53:45,118 AND CAUSES HEART DISEASE. 1980 00:53:45,118 --> 00:53:47,465 >> THE HYPOTHESIS THAT WHEN YOU 1981 00:53:47,465 --> 00:53:49,605 EAT HIGH FAT THAT THEN THAT 1982 00:53:49,605 --> 00:53:51,918 PRODUCES HIGH CHOLESTEROL, AND 1983 00:53:51,918 --> 00:53:53,747 THE CHOLESTEROL PRODUCES HEART 1984 00:53:53,747 --> 00:53:55,577 DISEASE, IS WRONG IN EVERY ONE 1985 00:53:55,577 --> 00:53:56,612 OF THOSE LINKS. 1986 00:53:56,612 --> 00:53:58,683 >> THIS WHOLE IDEA THAT DIETARY 1987 00:53:58,683 --> 00:54:00,720 FAT CAUSES CHOLESTEROL PROBLEMS 1988 00:54:00,720 --> 00:54:02,377 IS SORT OF A MYTH. 1989 00:54:02,377 --> 00:54:04,206 THE WHOLE IDEA THAT CHOLESTEROL 1990 00:54:04,206 --> 00:54:05,966 PROBLEMS LEAD TO HEART DISEASE 1991 00:54:05,966 --> 00:54:06,726 IS A MYTH. 1992 00:54:06,726 --> 00:54:08,452 >> THE THEORY IS COMPLETELY AND 1993 00:54:08,452 --> 00:54:09,349 TOTALLY WRONG. 1994 00:54:09,349 --> 00:54:11,282 IT WAS A THEORY THAT WAS MADE 1995 00:54:11,282 --> 00:54:14,251 OUT OF WHOLE CLOTH AND THEN 1996 00:54:14,251 --> 00:54:15,079 PUSHED. 1997 00:54:15,079 --> 00:54:16,908 >> THE TERM "ARTERY-CLOGGING 1998 00:54:16,908 --> 00:54:19,048 SATURATED FAT," IT'S AS THOUGH 1999 00:54:19,048 --> 00:54:20,118 IT'S ALL ONE WORD. 2000 00:54:20,118 --> 00:54:22,259 [ WOMAN SCREAMS ] 2001 00:54:22,259 --> 00:54:24,330 >> IT'S BECOME PART OF THE 2002 00:54:24,330 --> 00:54:25,020 ZEITGEIST. 2003 00:54:25,020 --> 00:54:26,642 EVERYBODY KNOWS SATURATED FAT IS 2004 00:54:26,642 --> 00:54:28,161 BAD FOR YOU, BUT WHEN YOU GET 2005 00:54:28,161 --> 00:54:29,645 BACK AND YOU START LOOKING AT 2006 00:54:29,645 --> 00:54:31,198 THE MEDICAL LITERATURE, AND YOU 2007 00:54:31,198 --> 00:54:33,546 ROOT BACK THROUGH TO FIND OUT 2008 00:54:33,546 --> 00:54:36,134 WHERE THIS WHOLE IDEA CAME FROM, 2009 00:54:36,134 --> 00:54:37,239 IT'S BOGUS. 2010 00:54:37,239 --> 00:54:38,930 >> THREE AUTHORS WHO DID ROOT 2011 00:54:38,930 --> 00:54:40,656 THROUGH THE MEDICAL LITERATURE 2012 00:54:40,656 --> 00:54:42,451 ARE SCIENCE WRITER GARY TAUBES, 2013 00:54:42,451 --> 00:54:44,177 SWEDISH DOCTOR UFFE RAVNSKOV, 2014 00:54:44,177 --> 00:54:45,282 AND BRITISH DOCTOR 2015 00:54:45,282 --> 00:54:46,386 MALCOLM KENDRICK. 2016 00:54:46,386 --> 00:54:48,146 WHEN THEY EXAMINED THE DATA FROM 2017 00:54:48,146 --> 00:54:49,665 ALL THE BIG STUDIES ON HEART 2018 00:54:49,665 --> 00:54:51,288 DISEASE, THEY DISCOVERED SOME 2019 00:54:51,288 --> 00:54:52,668 PRETTY INTERESTING FACTS. 2020 00:54:52,668 --> 00:54:54,808 HERE'S MY FAVORITE. 2021 00:54:54,808 --> 00:54:56,741 GUESS HOW MANY STUDIES ACTUALLY 2022 00:54:56,741 --> 00:54:58,364 PROVE THAT A HIGH-FAT DIET 2023 00:54:58,364 --> 00:54:59,779 CAUSES HEART DISEASE. 2024 00:54:59,779 --> 00:55:03,023 THE ANSWER -- ZERO. 2025 00:55:03,023 --> 00:55:05,474 THAT'S RIGHT. NONE. 2026 00:55:05,474 --> 00:55:07,200 IN SOME OF THE LARGEST STUDIES 2027 00:55:07,200 --> 00:55:08,995 EVER CONDUCTED, RESEARCHERS PUT 2028 00:55:08,995 --> 00:55:10,583 THOUSANDS OF VOLUNTEERS ON A 2029 00:55:10,583 --> 00:55:12,274 LOW-FAT DIET AND THEN TRACKED 2030 00:55:12,274 --> 00:55:13,689 THEIR HEALTH HISTORY FOR SEVERAL 2031 00:55:13,689 --> 00:55:14,587 YEARS. 2032 00:55:14,587 --> 00:55:16,865 THE RESULTS -- NOTHING. 2033 00:55:16,865 --> 00:55:18,522 THEY HAD JUST AS MANY HEART 2034 00:55:18,522 --> 00:55:20,455 ATTACKS AS PEOPLE WHO WEREN'T ON 2035 00:55:20,455 --> 00:55:21,490 A LOW-FAT DIET. 2036 00:55:21,490 --> 00:55:23,354 SINCE 1948, THE HARVARD MEDICAL 2037 00:55:23,354 --> 00:55:25,149 SCHOOL HAS BEEN FOLLOWING THE 2038 00:55:25,149 --> 00:55:26,875 DIETS AND DEATH RATES OF THE 2039 00:55:26,875 --> 00:55:28,186 ENTIRE POPULATION OF 2040 00:55:28,186 --> 00:55:29,981 FRAMINGHAM, MASSACHUSETTS. 2041 00:55:29,981 --> 00:55:31,707 ONE OF THE RESEARCHERS INVOLVED 2042 00:55:31,707 --> 00:55:33,399 IN THE FRAMINGHAM STUDY CALLED 2043 00:55:33,399 --> 00:55:35,090 IN THE FRAMINGHAM STUDY CALLED THE LIPID HYPOTHESIS... 2044 00:55:35,090 --> 00:55:39,508 THE LIPID HYPOTHESIS... 2045 00:55:39,508 --> 00:55:41,165 AND AFTER MORE THAN 40 YEARS, 2046 00:55:41,165 --> 00:55:42,822 EVEN THE DIRECTOR OF THE STUDY 2047 00:55:42,822 --> 00:55:44,202 MADE A RATHER STARTLING 2048 00:55:44,202 --> 00:55:45,859 ADMISSION ABOUT WHAT THE STUDY 2049 00:55:45,859 --> 00:55:48,931 ADMISSION ABOUT WHAT THE STUDY DATA ACTUALLY SHOWS. 2050 00:55:48,931 --> 00:55:54,420 DATA ACTUALLY SHOWS. 2051 00:55:54,420 --> 00:55:56,387 IN OTHER WORDS, A HIGH-FAT DIET 2052 00:55:56,387 --> 00:55:58,182 DOES NOT AUTOMATICALLY RAISE 2053 00:55:58,182 --> 00:55:59,356 YOUR CHOLESTEROL. 2054 00:55:59,356 --> 00:56:01,392 WELL, WHAT ABOUT THE SECOND HALF 2055 00:56:01,392 --> 00:56:02,980 OF THE LIPID HYPOTHESIS? 2056 00:56:02,980 --> 00:56:04,913 WHETHER IT COMES FROM YOUR DIET 2057 00:56:04,913 --> 00:56:06,949 OR NOT, DOESN'T HIGH CHOLESTEROL 2058 00:56:06,949 --> 00:56:08,295 CAUSE HEART DISEASE? 2059 00:56:08,295 --> 00:56:09,987 AFTER ALL, THAT'S WHAT THE 2060 00:56:09,987 --> 00:56:11,989 EXPERTS HAVE BEEN TELLING US FOR 2061 00:56:11,989 --> 00:56:12,748 50 YEARS. 2062 00:56:12,748 --> 00:56:14,198 >> LOTS OF PEOPLE HAVE BAD HEART 2063 00:56:14,198 --> 00:56:15,130 ATTACKS AND HAVE LOW 2064 00:56:15,130 --> 00:56:15,786 CHOLESTEROL. 2065 00:56:15,786 --> 00:56:17,443 THERE'S NOT REALLY A HUGE 2066 00:56:17,443 --> 00:56:18,513 CORRELATION THERE. 2067 00:56:18,513 --> 00:56:19,824 >> YOU'VE GOT PEOPLE WHO HAVE 2068 00:56:19,824 --> 00:56:21,136 HEART ATTACKS AND WHO DEVELOP 2069 00:56:21,136 --> 00:56:22,102 PLAQUE WHO HAVE HIGH 2070 00:56:22,102 --> 00:56:23,483 CHOLESTEROL, PEOPLE WHO HAVE LOW 2071 00:56:23,483 --> 00:56:24,898 CHOLESTEROL. 2072 00:56:24,898 --> 00:56:25,934 THERE'S REALLY NOT ANY 2073 00:56:25,934 --> 00:56:26,590 CORRELATION. 2074 00:56:26,590 --> 00:56:28,074 >> MICHAEL DeBAKEY, THE FAMOUS 2075 00:56:28,074 --> 00:56:29,386 HEART SURGEON, COMPARED THE 2076 00:56:29,386 --> 00:56:30,801 MEDICAL RECORDS OF MORE THAN 2077 00:56:30,801 --> 00:56:33,079 1,700 OF HIS OWN PATIENTS. 2078 00:56:33,079 --> 00:56:35,012 HE FOUND NO RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN 2079 00:56:35,012 --> 00:56:36,703 CHOLESTEROL LEVELS AND HEART 2080 00:56:36,703 --> 00:56:37,394 DISEASE. 2081 00:56:37,394 --> 00:56:39,223 WHEN DWIGHT EISENHOWER HAD HIS 2082 00:56:39,223 --> 00:56:40,673 FIRST HEART ATTACK, HIS 2083 00:56:40,673 --> 00:56:44,055 CHOLESTEROL WAS ONLY ABOUT 165. 2084 00:56:44,055 --> 00:56:44,746 WOW! 2085 00:56:44,746 --> 00:56:46,403 THAT'S A NICE, HEALTHY LEVEL 2086 00:56:46,403 --> 00:56:47,818 THERE, GENERAL. 2087 00:56:47,818 --> 00:56:51,235 [ RECORD SCRATCHES ] 2088 00:56:51,235 --> 00:56:53,306 SO, IF HIGH CHOLESTEROL DOESN'T 2089 00:56:53,306 --> 00:56:55,273 ACTUALLY CAUSE HEART DISEASE, 2090 00:56:55,273 --> 00:56:56,136 WHAT DOES? 2091 00:56:56,136 --> 00:56:57,379 >> THE NEWEST THEORIES IN HEART 2092 00:56:57,379 --> 00:56:58,587 DISEASE DEVELOPMENT DON'T HAVE 2093 00:56:58,587 --> 00:56:59,864 ANYTHING TO DO WITH CHOLESTEROL, 2094 00:56:59,864 --> 00:57:00,727 THEY HAVE TO DO WITH 2095 00:57:00,727 --> 00:57:01,797 INFLAMMATION. 2096 00:57:01,797 --> 00:57:03,627 >> CHOLESTEROL DOES NOT CAUSE 2097 00:57:03,627 --> 00:57:04,662 HEART DISEASE. 2098 00:57:04,662 --> 00:57:06,492 CHOLESTEROL IS THE THING THAT 2099 00:57:06,492 --> 00:57:09,356 HEART DISEASE ACTS UPON. 2100 00:57:09,356 --> 00:57:11,289 THE HEART DISEASE IS THE 2101 00:57:11,289 --> 00:57:13,637 INFLAMMATION AND THE OXIDATION, 2102 00:57:13,637 --> 00:57:16,053 THE PLAQUING OUT OF CHOLESTEROL 2103 00:57:16,053 --> 00:57:18,089 ONCE IT BECOMES OXIDIZED. 2104 00:57:18,089 --> 00:57:19,746 >> SO MANY PEOPLE HAVE BEEN 2105 00:57:19,746 --> 00:57:21,541 FOUND THAT HAD LOW, NORMAL OR 2106 00:57:21,541 --> 00:57:23,440 LOW CHOLESTEROL, AND THEY STILL 2107 00:57:23,440 --> 00:57:25,338 HAD BAD HEART DISEASE, BUT MOST 2108 00:57:25,338 --> 00:57:27,064 OF THOSE PEOPLE, WHEN THEY'RE 2109 00:57:27,064 --> 00:57:28,721 CHECKED CAREFULLY, WILL HAVE 2110 00:57:28,721 --> 00:57:30,930 SIGNS OF INFLAMMATION. 2111 00:57:30,930 --> 00:57:32,069 >> TO UNDERSTAND HOW 2112 00:57:32,069 --> 00:57:33,553 INFLAMMATION CAN CAUSE HEART 2113 00:57:33,553 --> 00:57:35,037 DISEASE, LET'S LOOK AT WHAT 2114 00:57:35,037 --> 00:57:37,005 CHOLESTEROL ACTUALLY DOES. 2115 00:57:37,005 --> 00:57:38,696 CHOLESTEROL IS ONE OF THE MOST 2116 00:57:38,696 --> 00:57:40,318 IMPORTANT SUBSTANCES IN YOUR 2117 00:57:40,318 --> 00:57:40,767 BODY. 2118 00:57:40,767 --> 00:57:42,459 WITHOUT IT, YOU WOULD BE DEAD. 2119 00:57:42,459 --> 00:57:44,046 YOUR BRAIN AND YOUR NERVOUS 2120 00:57:44,046 --> 00:57:45,772 SYSTEM ARE FULL OF CHOLESTEROL. 2121 00:57:45,772 --> 00:57:47,464 THE WALLS OF YOUR CELLS DEPEND 2122 00:57:47,464 --> 00:57:48,465 ON CHOLESTEROL. 2123 00:57:48,465 --> 00:57:50,190 NEARLY ALL OF YOUR HORMONES ARE 2124 00:57:50,190 --> 00:57:51,744 MADE FROM CHOLESTEROL. 2125 00:57:51,744 --> 00:57:53,470 THIS STUFF IS SO IMPORTANT, 2126 00:57:53,470 --> 00:57:55,402 ALMOST EVERY CELL IN YOUR BODY 2127 00:57:55,402 --> 00:57:57,370 CAN MAKE ITS OWN CHOLESTEROL IF 2128 00:57:57,370 --> 00:57:58,198 IT HAS TO. 2129 00:57:58,198 --> 00:58:00,097 THE HEART-DISEASE STORY WE ALL 2130 00:58:00,097 --> 00:58:01,443 KNOW GOES LIKE THIS. 2131 00:58:01,443 --> 00:58:03,480 IF YOU HAVE TOO MUCH LDL, OR BAD 2132 00:58:03,480 --> 00:58:05,274 CHOLESTEROL, IT BUILDS UP IN 2133 00:58:05,274 --> 00:58:07,035 YOUR ARTERIES AND MAKES THEM 2134 00:58:07,035 --> 00:58:07,691 NARROW. 2135 00:58:07,691 --> 00:58:09,762 BUT IF YOU'RE LUCKY, HDL, OR 2136 00:58:09,762 --> 00:58:12,005 GOOD CHOLESTEROL, GOBBLES IT UP 2137 00:58:12,005 --> 00:58:15,008 AND CLEARS IT AWAY. 2138 00:58:15,008 --> 00:58:17,494 IT'S A NICE, SIMPLE STORY, AND 2139 00:58:17,494 --> 00:58:19,496 IT'S A LOAD OF BALONEY. 2140 00:58:19,496 --> 00:58:22,188 FOR ONE THING, LDL AND HDL ARE 2141 00:58:22,188 --> 00:58:23,810 NOT CHOLESTEROL. 2142 00:58:23,810 --> 00:58:25,640 THEY'RE PROTEINS THAT CARRY 2143 00:58:25,640 --> 00:58:27,711 CHOLESTEROL THROUGH YOUR BLOOD. 2144 00:58:27,711 --> 00:58:29,609 LDL CARRIES CHOLESTEROL FROM 2145 00:58:29,609 --> 00:58:31,646 YOUR LIVER TO YOUR TISSUES, AND 2146 00:58:31,646 --> 00:58:33,786 HDL CARRIES OLD CHOLESTEROL BACK 2147 00:58:33,786 --> 00:58:35,477 TO YOUR LIVER, WHERE IT'S 2148 00:58:35,477 --> 00:58:36,271 RECYCLED. 2149 00:58:36,271 --> 00:58:38,480 IF YOU WANT MORE HDL, THE LAST 2150 00:58:38,480 --> 00:58:40,517 THING YOU NEED IS A LOW-FAT 2151 00:58:40,517 --> 00:58:41,138 DIET. 2152 00:58:41,138 --> 00:58:44,037 >> WHAT MAKES HDL GO UP? 2153 00:58:44,037 --> 00:58:45,314 FAT IN THE DIET. 2154 00:58:45,314 --> 00:58:47,006 THAT'S WHAT RAISES HDL. 2155 00:58:47,006 --> 00:58:48,904 SO YOU INCREASE THE FAT IN YOUR 2156 00:58:48,904 --> 00:58:50,665 DIET, AND YOUR HDL, DEEMED BY 2157 00:58:50,665 --> 00:58:52,494 EVEN THE MOST FERVENT 2158 00:58:52,494 --> 00:58:54,876 ANTI-CHOLESTEROL PERSON AS THE 2159 00:58:54,876 --> 00:58:57,292 GOOD CHOLESTEROL, HDL GOES UP. 2160 00:58:57,292 --> 00:58:58,500 >> THAT'S RIGHT. 2161 00:58:58,500 --> 00:59:00,364 IN SPITE OF WHAT THE EXPERTS 2162 00:59:00,364 --> 00:59:02,262 TOLD US, 27 DIFFERENT STUDIES 2163 00:59:02,262 --> 00:59:04,368 HAVE SHOWN THAT EATING SATURATED 2164 00:59:04,368 --> 00:59:06,681 FAT RAISES YOUR HDL. 2165 00:59:06,681 --> 00:59:09,131 AND DESPITE ITS BAD REPUTATION, 2166 00:59:09,131 --> 00:59:12,031 NOT ALL LDL IS ACTUALLY BAD. 2167 00:59:12,031 --> 00:59:14,343 >> LDL COMES IN DIFFERENT SIZE 2168 00:59:14,343 --> 00:59:15,241 PACKAGES. 2169 00:59:15,241 --> 00:59:17,554 THERE ARE LITTLE SMALL, DENSE, 2170 00:59:17,554 --> 00:59:19,763 B.B.-LIKE PACKAGES, AND THERE 2171 00:59:19,763 --> 00:59:21,592 ARE BIG, ROUND, FLUFFY, 2172 00:59:21,592 --> 00:59:23,490 COTTON-BALL-LIKE PACKAGES. 2173 00:59:23,490 --> 00:59:25,423 AND THE SMALL, DENSE ONES, IT 2174 00:59:25,423 --> 00:59:26,873 TURNS OUT, WHAT'S CALLED THE 2175 00:59:26,873 --> 00:59:30,877 TYPE-B LDL, ARE THE MOST HARMFUL 2176 00:59:30,877 --> 00:59:32,534 ONES, AND THE BIG, FLUFFY ONES 2177 00:59:32,534 --> 00:59:34,122 AREN'T PARTICULARLY HARMFUL AT 2178 00:59:34,122 --> 00:59:34,571 ALL. 2179 00:59:34,571 --> 00:59:36,400 >> HEART DISEASE DOESN'T BEGIN 2180 00:59:36,400 --> 00:59:38,229 WHEN YOUR CHOLESTEROL GOES UP. 2181 00:59:38,229 --> 00:59:39,955 IT BEGINS WHEN YOUR ARTERIES 2182 00:59:39,955 --> 00:59:41,785 BECOME DAMAGED OR INFLAMED. 2183 00:59:41,785 --> 00:59:43,856 LDL THEN DOES EXACTLY WHAT IT'S 2184 00:59:43,856 --> 00:59:45,858 SUPPOSED TO DO -- IT BRINGS IN 2185 00:59:45,858 --> 00:59:47,929 CHOLESTEROL TO HELP THE HEALING 2186 00:59:47,929 --> 00:59:48,723 PROCESS. 2187 00:59:48,723 --> 00:59:51,001 BUT IF SMALL LDL BECOMES DAMAGED 2188 00:59:51,001 --> 00:59:53,141 BY OXIDATION, IT CAN PENETRATE 2189 00:59:53,141 --> 00:59:54,867 THE WALL OF THE ARTERY. 2190 00:59:54,867 --> 00:59:56,454 IF THE INFLAMMATION AND 2191 00:59:56,454 --> 00:59:58,318 OXIDATION CONTINUE, A PLAQUE 2192 00:59:58,318 --> 00:59:59,423 BEGINS TO FORM. 2193 00:59:59,423 --> 01:00:01,563 NOW YOU'VE GOT HEART DISEASE. 2194 01:00:01,563 --> 01:00:03,876 SO, DOES A HIGH-FAT DIET PRODUCE 2195 01:00:03,876 --> 01:00:05,912 TOO MUCH SMALL LDL? 2196 01:00:05,912 --> 01:00:06,603 NOPE. 2197 01:00:06,603 --> 01:00:08,708 SMALL LDL IS THE RESULT OF 2198 01:00:08,708 --> 01:00:11,124 EATING TOO MANY CARBOHYDRATES. 2199 01:00:11,124 --> 01:00:12,263 >> THAT'S BEEN SHOWN IN 2200 01:00:12,263 --> 01:00:13,713 THE MEDICAL LITERATURE PROBABLY 2201 01:00:13,713 --> 01:00:14,921 A DOZEN TIMES, AT LEAST, IN 2202 01:00:14,921 --> 01:00:16,682 PAPERS, THAT REDUCING 2203 01:00:16,682 --> 01:00:18,373 CARBOHYDRATE IN THE DIET SHIFTS 2204 01:00:18,373 --> 01:00:20,064 FROM A SMALL, DENSE PATTERN TO A 2205 01:00:20,064 --> 01:00:21,238 BIG, FLUFFY PATTERN. 2206 01:00:21,238 --> 01:00:23,654 >> HAVING AN LDL THAT'S 120 OR 2207 01:00:23,654 --> 01:00:28,417 130 OR 100 OR 145 DOESN'T MATTER 2208 01:00:28,417 --> 01:00:31,144 AS MUCH AS THE KIND OF LDL THAT 2209 01:00:31,144 --> 01:00:31,973 IT IS. 2210 01:00:31,973 --> 01:00:33,560 >> IF THE NUMBERS ALONE DON'T 2211 01:00:33,560 --> 01:00:35,114 MEAN VERY MUCH, THEN WHY DOES 2212 01:00:35,114 --> 01:00:36,633 HIGH CHOLESTEROL GET ALL THE 2213 01:00:36,633 --> 01:00:37,495 BLAME? 2214 01:00:37,495 --> 01:00:39,428 RESEARCH CONSISTENTLY SHOWS THAT 2215 01:00:39,428 --> 01:00:41,223 SMOKING, ELEVATED BLOOD SUGAR, 2216 01:00:41,223 --> 01:00:43,053 AND EMOTIONAL STRESS CAN CAUSE 2217 01:00:43,053 --> 01:00:44,641 INFLAMMATION, DAMAGE YOUR 2218 01:00:44,641 --> 01:00:46,539 ARTERIES, AND LEAD TO HEART 2219 01:00:46,539 --> 01:00:47,298 DISEASE. 2220 01:00:47,298 --> 01:00:49,404 THEY ALSO HAPPEN TO RAISE YOUR 2221 01:00:49,404 --> 01:00:50,405 CHOLESTEROL. 2222 01:00:50,405 --> 01:00:52,407 SO, BY BLAMING CHOLESTEROL FOR 2223 01:00:52,407 --> 01:00:54,167 CAUSING HEART DISEASE, THE 2224 01:00:54,167 --> 01:00:56,031 EXPERTS RELIED ON LOGIC THAT 2225 01:00:56,031 --> 01:00:57,895 MAKES ABOUT AS MUCH SENSE AS 2226 01:00:57,895 --> 01:00:58,827 THIS. 2227 01:00:58,827 --> 01:01:00,829 IN HIGH-CRIME AREAS, THERE ARE 2228 01:01:00,829 --> 01:01:02,589 MORE CALLS TO THE POLICE. 2229 01:01:02,589 --> 01:01:04,557 THEREFORE, WE CAN ASSUME THAT 2230 01:01:04,557 --> 01:01:06,559 CALLING THE POLICE PRODUCES AN 2231 01:01:06,559 --> 01:01:07,871 INCREASE IN CRIME. 2232 01:01:07,871 --> 01:01:09,942 TO GET RID OF CRIME, THE ANSWER 2233 01:01:09,942 --> 01:01:11,875 IS SIMPLE -- STOP CALLING THE 2234 01:01:11,875 --> 01:01:12,599 POLICE. 2235 01:01:12,599 --> 01:01:14,360 BUT IN SPITE OF ALL THE EVIDENCE 2236 01:01:14,360 --> 01:01:15,844 THAT CHOLESTEROL IS JUST AN 2237 01:01:15,844 --> 01:01:17,846 INNOCENT BYSTANDER, THE EXPERTS 2238 01:01:17,846 --> 01:01:19,710 KEEP TRYING TO BRING IT UP ON 2239 01:01:19,710 --> 01:01:20,469 CHARGES. 2240 01:01:20,469 --> 01:01:23,196 IN 1988, THE SURGEON GENERAL'S 2241 01:01:23,196 --> 01:01:24,715 OFFICE SET OUT TO PROVE THE 2242 01:01:24,715 --> 01:01:26,372 LIPID HYPOTHESIS BY REVIEWING 2243 01:01:26,372 --> 01:01:27,891 THE DATA FROM ALL THE MAJOR 2244 01:01:27,891 --> 01:01:30,031 STUDIES, BUT AFTER 11 YEARS AND 2245 01:01:30,031 --> 01:01:31,929 MORE THAN $100 MILLION, THE 2246 01:01:31,929 --> 01:01:34,104 RESULTS WERE NOT SUPPORTING THE 2247 01:01:34,104 --> 01:01:36,071 THEORY, SO THEY DID WHAT ANY 2248 01:01:36,071 --> 01:01:38,280 DEDICATED GOVERNMENT RESEARCHERS 2249 01:01:38,280 --> 01:01:40,351 WOULD DO -- THEY SHUT DOWN THE 2250 01:01:40,351 --> 01:01:42,319 ENTIRE PROJECT, SAYING IT WAS 2251 01:01:42,319 --> 01:01:44,493 BECOMING TOO COMPLICATED. 2252 01:01:44,493 --> 01:01:46,150 AND AS KENDRICK, TAUBES, AND 2253 01:01:46,150 --> 01:01:48,049 RAVNSKOV DISCOVERED, THAT'S BEEN 2254 01:01:48,049 --> 01:01:49,809 A DISTURBINGLY COMMON PATTERN. 2255 01:01:49,809 --> 01:01:51,500 RESEARCHERS ROUTINELY IGNORE 2256 01:01:51,500 --> 01:01:52,916 EVIDENCE THAT THE LIPID 2257 01:01:52,916 --> 01:01:54,538 HYPOTHESIS IS WRONG AND 2258 01:01:54,538 --> 01:01:56,609 SOMETIMES EVEN MANIPULATE THEIR 2259 01:01:56,609 --> 01:01:58,473 DATA FOR THE SOLE PURPOSE OF 2260 01:01:58,473 --> 01:01:59,577 SUPPORTING IT. 2261 01:01:59,577 --> 01:02:01,579 WHAT COULD POSSIBLY CAUSE SUCH 2262 01:02:01,579 --> 01:02:03,409 RAMPANT DISHONESTY? 2263 01:02:03,409 --> 01:02:05,031 [ BOING! ] 2264 01:02:05,031 --> 01:02:06,826 IN THE 1970s, THE LIPID 2265 01:02:06,826 --> 01:02:09,035 HYPOTHESIS WAS STILL VERY MUCH 2266 01:02:09,035 --> 01:02:10,071 IN DISPUTE. 2267 01:02:10,071 --> 01:02:11,797 THEN A SENATE COMMITTEE HEADED 2268 01:02:11,797 --> 01:02:13,522 BY GEORGE McGOVERN DECIDED TO 2269 01:02:13,522 --> 01:02:14,765 SETTLE THE ISSUE. 2270 01:02:14,765 --> 01:02:16,111 McGOVERN AT THE TIME WAS 2271 01:02:16,111 --> 01:02:17,734 FOLLOWING THE PRITIKIN DIET AND 2272 01:02:17,734 --> 01:02:19,218 BELIEVED EVERYONE SHOULD BE 2273 01:02:19,218 --> 01:02:20,426 CUTTING BACK ON FAT AND 2274 01:02:20,426 --> 01:02:21,807 CHOLESTEROL. 2275 01:02:21,807 --> 01:02:22,808 >> THE COMMITTEE'S ORIGINAL 2276 01:02:22,808 --> 01:02:24,741 REPORT URGED AMERICANS TO REDUCE 2277 01:02:24,741 --> 01:02:26,397 THEIR RISK OF HEART ATTACKS BY 2278 01:02:26,397 --> 01:02:27,744 REDUCING THEIR INTAKE OF 2279 01:02:27,744 --> 01:02:28,952 CHOLESTEROL DOWN TO THE 2280 01:02:28,952 --> 01:02:30,470 EQUIVALENT OF ABOUT ONE EGG A 2281 01:02:30,470 --> 01:02:32,265 DAY, BUT DOCTORS TOOK ISSUE WITH 2282 01:02:32,265 --> 01:02:34,060 THAT AT THE HEARING, SAYING THAT 2283 01:02:34,060 --> 01:02:36,304 EIGHT STUDIES, INVOLVING 5,000 2284 01:02:36,304 --> 01:02:37,857 PATIENTS, FAILED TO SHOW HARD 2285 01:02:37,857 --> 01:02:39,583 MEDICAL EVIDENCE THAT DIET HAS 2286 01:02:39,583 --> 01:02:41,033 ANYTHING TO DO WITH HEART 2287 01:02:41,033 --> 01:02:41,792 ATTACKS. 2288 01:02:41,792 --> 01:02:42,413 >> HMM. 2289 01:02:42,413 --> 01:02:44,553 LET'S LISTEN TO THAT PART AGAIN. 2290 01:02:44,553 --> 01:02:46,003 >> EIGHT STUDIES, INVOLVING 2291 01:02:46,003 --> 01:02:48,385 5,000 PATIENTS, FAILED TO SHOW 2292 01:02:48,385 --> 01:02:49,904 HARD MEDICAL EVIDENCE THAT DIET 2293 01:02:49,904 --> 01:02:51,353 HAS ANYTHING TO DO WITH HEART 2294 01:02:51,353 --> 01:02:52,423 ATTACKS. 2295 01:02:52,423 --> 01:02:54,080 >> I HAVE PLEADED IN MY REPORT 2296 01:02:54,080 --> 01:02:55,841 AND WILL PLEAD AGAIN ORALLY HERE 2297 01:02:55,841 --> 01:02:57,635 FOR MORE RESEARCH ON THE PROBLEM 2298 01:02:57,635 --> 01:02:58,844 BEFORE WE MAKE ANNOUNCEMENTS TO 2299 01:02:58,844 --> 01:03:00,190 THE AMERICAN PUBLIC. 2300 01:03:00,190 --> 01:03:01,605 >> YOU KNOW, THERE WERE EMINENT 2301 01:03:01,605 --> 01:03:02,882 SCIENTISTS AT THE TIME SAYING 2302 01:03:02,882 --> 01:03:03,987 "THIS IS NONSENSE. 2303 01:03:03,987 --> 01:03:05,574 THERE IS NO GOOD SCIENTIFIC 2304 01:03:05,574 --> 01:03:07,404 EVIDENCE THAT EITHER FAT OR 2305 01:03:07,404 --> 01:03:09,958 CHOLESTEROL, YOU KNOW, IS AT THE 2306 01:03:09,958 --> 01:03:11,753 ROOT OF HEART DISEASE." 2307 01:03:11,753 --> 01:03:13,720 >> I SAID TO THE PROFESSOR THAT 2308 01:03:13,720 --> 01:03:16,102 I WAS WORKING WITH, "THIS IS NOT 2309 01:03:16,102 --> 01:03:17,000 RIGHT. 2310 01:03:17,000 --> 01:03:19,623 ANIMAL FAT'S NOT CAUSING THIS, 2311 01:03:19,623 --> 01:03:21,349 AND THIS IS NOT WHAT THE DATA 2312 01:03:21,349 --> 01:03:22,074 SAYS." 2313 01:03:22,074 --> 01:03:23,800 >> SO THE McGOVERN STAFF DID 2314 01:03:23,800 --> 01:03:25,767 WHAT ANY DEDICATED STAFF WORKING 2315 01:03:25,767 --> 01:03:27,493 FOR McGOVERN WOULD DO -- THEY 2316 01:03:27,493 --> 01:03:29,219 DECIDED THOSE SCIENTISTS MUST 2317 01:03:29,219 --> 01:03:30,910 HAVE BEEN PAID OFF BY THE BIG, 2318 01:03:30,910 --> 01:03:32,705 BAD DAIRY AND EGG INDUSTRIES. 2319 01:03:32,705 --> 01:03:34,603 >> WELL, I WOULD ONLY ARGUE THAT 2320 01:03:34,603 --> 01:03:36,778 SENATORS DON'T HAVE THE LUXURY 2321 01:03:36,778 --> 01:03:38,573 THAT A RESEARCH SCIENTIST DOES 2322 01:03:38,573 --> 01:03:40,678 OF WAITING UNTIL EVERY LAST 2323 01:03:40,678 --> 01:03:43,026 SHRED OF EVIDENCE IS IN. 2324 01:03:43,026 --> 01:03:45,338 >> THEY WENT TO GREAT LENGTHS TO 2325 01:03:45,338 --> 01:03:49,204 OVERLOOK ANYTHING THAT DID NOT 2326 01:03:49,204 --> 01:03:51,137 FALL IN TO LOCK STEP WITH THAT 2327 01:03:51,137 --> 01:03:53,001 BELIEF, AND BASICALLY JUST 2328 01:03:53,001 --> 01:03:55,762 UNLEASHED WHAT AMOUNTED TO A 2329 01:03:55,762 --> 01:03:58,110 SEVERAL-DECADE LONG EXPERIMENT 2330 01:03:58,110 --> 01:04:00,940 IN WHICH ALL OF US WERE 2331 01:04:00,940 --> 01:04:03,563 UNWITTING PARTICIPANTS. 2332 01:04:03,563 --> 01:04:04,875 >> THE McGOVERN COMMITTEE'S 2333 01:04:04,875 --> 01:04:06,290 REPORT WAS WRITTEN BY A YOUNG 2334 01:04:06,290 --> 01:04:07,774 STAFF MEMBER WHO HAPPENED TO BE 2335 01:04:07,774 --> 01:04:09,121 A VEGETARIAN AND HAD NO 2336 01:04:09,121 --> 01:04:10,950 BACKGROUND IN MEDICINE OR HEALTH 2337 01:04:10,950 --> 01:04:12,020 RESEARCH. 2338 01:04:12,020 --> 01:04:13,573 THE COMMITTEE RECOMMENDED A 2339 01:04:13,573 --> 01:04:15,196 LOW-FAT, LOW-CHOLESTEROL DIET 2340 01:04:15,196 --> 01:04:16,853 FOR EVERYONE AND OFFERED SOME 2341 01:04:16,853 --> 01:04:18,578 IDEAS THAT COULD ONLY SPRING 2342 01:04:18,578 --> 01:04:20,787 FROM THE MIND OF A POLITICIAN. 2343 01:04:20,787 --> 01:04:21,858 >> BUT SENATOR SCHWEIKER OF 2344 01:04:21,858 --> 01:04:23,204 PENNSYLVANIA SUGGESTED THAT 2345 01:04:23,204 --> 01:04:24,515 INSTEAD OF DISCREDITING THE 2346 01:04:24,515 --> 01:04:26,276 COMMITTEE'S REPORT, THE EGG MEN 2347 01:04:26,276 --> 01:04:27,933 SHOULD BE OUT DEVELOPING HENS 2348 01:04:27,933 --> 01:04:29,693 THAT WOULD LAY LOW-CHOLESTEROL 2349 01:04:29,693 --> 01:04:30,038 EGGS. 2350 01:04:30,038 --> 01:04:30,867 [ CHICKEN CLUCKS ] 2351 01:04:30,867 --> 01:04:32,282 >> SOON AFTER THE McGOVERN 2352 01:04:32,282 --> 01:04:33,904 REPORT WAS ISSUED, THE USDA GOT 2353 01:04:33,904 --> 01:04:34,836 INTO THE ACT. 2354 01:04:34,836 --> 01:04:36,182 CAROL TUCKER-FOREMAN, THE 2355 01:04:36,182 --> 01:04:37,874 ASSISTANT SECRETARY AT THE TIME, 2356 01:04:37,874 --> 01:04:39,358 BELIEVED IN THE LOW-FAT DIET 2357 01:04:39,358 --> 01:04:40,807 THEORY AND WANTED TO ISSUE 2358 01:04:40,807 --> 01:04:42,257 OFFICIAL GUIDELINES TO TELL 2359 01:04:42,257 --> 01:04:43,880 EVERYBODY HOW TO EAT. 2360 01:04:43,880 --> 01:04:45,571 TO MAKE SURE SHE WAS ON SOLID 2361 01:04:45,571 --> 01:04:47,400 SCIENTIFIC GROUND, SHE CONSULTED 2362 01:04:47,400 --> 01:04:48,885 WITH PHILIP HANDLER, THE HEAD 2363 01:04:48,885 --> 01:04:50,265 OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF 2364 01:04:50,265 --> 01:04:51,266 SCIENCES. 2365 01:04:51,266 --> 01:04:53,096 JUST ONE LITTLE PROBLEM -- 2366 01:04:53,096 --> 01:04:54,891 HANDLER TOLD HER THE McGOVERN 2367 01:04:54,891 --> 01:04:57,376 COMMITTEE'S REPORT WAS NONSENSE, 2368 01:04:57,376 --> 01:04:59,343 SO SHE DID WHAT ANY DEDICATED 2369 01:04:59,343 --> 01:05:01,690 GOVERNMENT OFFICIAL WOULD DO -- 2370 01:05:01,690 --> 01:05:03,278 SHE IGNORED HIM, SHOPPED AROUND 2371 01:05:03,278 --> 01:05:04,901 FOR A SCIENTIST WHO AGREED WITH 2372 01:05:04,901 --> 01:05:07,213 HER, THEN ISSUED THE GUIDELINES. 2373 01:05:07,213 --> 01:05:08,559 THANKS TO A HANDFUL OF 2374 01:05:08,559 --> 01:05:10,285 POLITICIANS WITH NO BACKGROUND 2375 01:05:10,285 --> 01:05:11,977 IN SCIENCE, THE HEART-HEALTHY 2376 01:05:11,977 --> 01:05:13,530 BENEFITS OF A LOW-FAT DIET 2377 01:05:13,530 --> 01:05:15,256 BECAME OFFICIAL GOVERNMENT 2378 01:05:15,256 --> 01:05:17,292 POLICY, AND REAL SCIENTISTS GOT 2379 01:05:17,292 --> 01:05:19,053 THE MESSAGE LOUD AND CLEAR -- 2380 01:05:19,053 --> 01:05:20,917 TELL US WHAT WE ALREADY BELIEVE, 2381 01:05:20,917 --> 01:05:22,642 OR YOU CAN SAY GOODBYE TO YOUR 2382 01:05:22,642 --> 01:05:26,646 LUCRATIVE GOVERNMENT FUNDING. 2383 01:05:26,646 --> 01:05:28,027 >> THERE IS INFLUENCE THAT GOES 2384 01:05:28,027 --> 01:05:30,374 ON, STARTING WITH THE USDA, 2385 01:05:30,374 --> 01:05:32,825 WHICH IS PROMOTING COMMODITY 2386 01:05:32,825 --> 01:05:34,861 AGRICULTURE, SO THERE IS A LOT 2387 01:05:34,861 --> 01:05:37,692 OF ECONOMIC PRESSURE ON THE 2388 01:05:37,692 --> 01:05:40,005 PEOPLE AT NIH, ON THE PEOPLE IN 2389 01:05:40,005 --> 01:05:41,523 THE UNIVERSITIES WHO CARRY OUT 2390 01:05:41,523 --> 01:05:42,731 THE STUDIES FOR NIH. 2391 01:05:42,731 --> 01:05:46,356 >> THEY LIVE BY THEIR GRANTS. 2392 01:05:46,356 --> 01:05:48,945 NO GRANTS, NO WORK, NO JOB. 2393 01:05:48,945 --> 01:05:50,429 >> DR. KILMER McCULLY, A 2394 01:05:50,429 --> 01:05:51,948 RESEARCHER AT HARVARD, WENT 2395 01:05:51,948 --> 01:05:53,363 AGAINST THE PREVAILING THEORY 2396 01:05:53,363 --> 01:05:54,916 AND PUBLISHED A STUDY CONCLUDING 2397 01:05:54,916 --> 01:05:56,124 THAT SOMETHING OTHER THAN 2398 01:05:56,124 --> 01:05:57,574 CHOLESTEROL WAS CAUSING HEART 2399 01:05:57,574 --> 01:05:58,471 DISEASE. 2400 01:05:58,471 --> 01:06:00,059 HIS REWARD FOR THIS BIT OF 2401 01:06:00,059 --> 01:06:01,888 SCIENTIFIC INTEGRITY WAS TO BE 2402 01:06:01,888 --> 01:06:03,407 DENIED TENURE, LOSE ALL HIS 2403 01:06:03,407 --> 01:06:05,133 RESEARCH GRANTS, AND GET SHOVED 2404 01:06:05,133 --> 01:06:06,893 INTO A LITTLE LABORATORY IN THE 2405 01:06:06,893 --> 01:06:07,722 BASEMENT. 2406 01:06:07,722 --> 01:06:09,862 IN ACADEMIA, THAT'S A POLITE WAY 2407 01:06:09,862 --> 01:06:11,622 OF SAYING, "YOU'RE FIRED." 2408 01:06:11,622 --> 01:06:12,969 HE ALSO ENDED UP ON AN 2409 01:06:12,969 --> 01:06:14,556 UNOFFICIAL BLACKLIST, AND IT 2410 01:06:14,556 --> 01:06:16,075 TOOK HIM TWO YEARS TO FIND 2411 01:06:16,075 --> 01:06:18,215 ANOTHER JOB AS A RESEARCHER. 2412 01:06:18,215 --> 01:06:19,906 >> A LOT OF PEOPLE HAVE BUILT 2413 01:06:19,906 --> 01:06:21,632 CAREERS ON THIS, AND THESE ARE 2414 01:06:21,632 --> 01:06:23,289 CAREERS BUILT ON A VERY SHAKY 2415 01:06:23,289 --> 01:06:24,670 FACTUAL FOUNDATION. 2416 01:06:24,670 --> 01:06:28,536 >> THERE'S A REASONABLE REASON 2417 01:06:28,536 --> 01:06:29,468 TO BELIEVE THAT FROM THE 2418 01:06:29,468 --> 01:06:32,160 BEGINNING, BUT TO PERSIST IN THE 2419 01:06:32,160 --> 01:06:33,851 FACE OF SO MUCH OVERWHELMING 2420 01:06:33,851 --> 01:06:35,750 EVIDENCE REALLY CAN'T BE BASED 2421 01:06:35,750 --> 01:06:37,821 ON SCIENCE, AND YOU HAVE TO 2422 01:06:37,821 --> 01:06:38,615 THINK THAT THERE WERE OTHER 2423 01:06:38,615 --> 01:06:40,341 FACTORS INVOLVED. 2424 01:06:40,341 --> 01:06:43,068 IT BECAME AN INDUSTRY. 2425 01:06:43,068 --> 01:06:44,931 >> IN THE 1980s, THE NATIONAL 2426 01:06:44,931 --> 01:06:46,726 CHOLESTEROL EDUCATION PROGRAM 2427 01:06:46,726 --> 01:06:48,245 RELEASED NEW GUIDELINES THAT 2428 01:06:48,245 --> 01:06:49,902 SAID EVERYONE'S CHOLESTEROL 2429 01:06:49,902 --> 01:06:51,800 SHOULD BE BELOW 200, WHICH WAS 2430 01:06:51,800 --> 01:06:54,044 ABOUT 20 POINTS BELOW NORMAL. 2431 01:06:54,044 --> 01:06:55,425 AND HERE'S A STRANGE 2432 01:06:55,425 --> 01:06:57,220 COINCIDENCE -- MOST OF THE 2433 01:06:57,220 --> 01:06:58,669 SCIENTISTS WHO WROTE THOSE 2434 01:06:58,669 --> 01:07:00,361 GUIDELINES JUST HAPPENED TO HAVE 2435 01:07:00,361 --> 01:07:01,914 A FINANCIAL RELATIONSHIP WITH 2436 01:07:01,914 --> 01:07:03,191 THE COMPANIES THAT MAKE 2437 01:07:03,191 --> 01:07:04,882 CHOLESTEROL-LOWERING DRUGS 2438 01:07:04,882 --> 01:07:06,298 CALLED STATINS. 2439 01:07:06,298 --> 01:07:07,920 MANY OF THE STUDIES THAT CLAIMED 2440 01:07:07,920 --> 01:07:09,439 A LOW-FAT DIET IS GOOD FOR YOUR 2441 01:07:09,439 --> 01:07:10,716 HEART WERE FUNDED BY THE 2442 01:07:10,716 --> 01:07:12,407 AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, 2443 01:07:12,407 --> 01:07:14,064 WHICH EARNS MILLIONS OF DOLLARS 2444 01:07:14,064 --> 01:07:15,617 LICENSING ITS HEART-CHECK 2445 01:07:15,617 --> 01:07:18,034 LOGO TO HEALTHY, LOW-FAT FOODS 2446 01:07:18,034 --> 01:07:19,897 LIKE COCOA PUFFS. 2447 01:07:19,897 --> 01:07:21,968 IF THE LIPID HYPOTHESIS EVER 2448 01:07:21,968 --> 01:07:24,281 GOES AWAY, THAT LOGO JUST BECAME 2449 01:07:24,281 --> 01:07:25,144 WORTHLESS. 2450 01:07:25,144 --> 01:07:27,215 >> GIVE THIS ANOTHER DECADE, AND 2451 01:07:27,215 --> 01:07:29,183 THAT HYPOTHESIS WILL BE ON THE 2452 01:07:29,183 --> 01:07:31,047 JUNK PILE OF HISTORY BECAUSE 2453 01:07:31,047 --> 01:07:31,978 IT'S NOT TRUE. 2454 01:07:31,978 --> 01:07:33,773 >> OKAY, SO MAYBE THE LIPID 2455 01:07:33,773 --> 01:07:35,568 HYPOTHESIS ISN'T TRUE. 2456 01:07:35,568 --> 01:07:36,466 SO WHAT? 2457 01:07:36,466 --> 01:07:38,088 WHAT COULD POSSIBLY BE WRONG 2458 01:07:38,088 --> 01:07:39,779 WITH CUTTING BACK ON SATURATED 2459 01:07:39,779 --> 01:07:41,540 FAT AND GETTING YOUR CHOLESTEROL 2460 01:07:41,540 --> 01:07:42,851 AS LOW AS POSSIBLE? 2461 01:07:42,851 --> 01:07:44,612 >> WE NOW HAVE THIS TERRIBLE 2462 01:07:44,612 --> 01:07:48,305 PHOBIA OF FAT -- OF ANIMAL FAT 2463 01:07:48,305 --> 01:07:49,651 WHICH THE BODY NEEDS TO BE 2464 01:07:49,651 --> 01:07:50,928 NORMAL, TO BE HEALTHY. 2465 01:07:50,928 --> 01:07:52,068 >> YOUR IMMUNE SYSTEM IS 2466 01:07:52,068 --> 01:07:53,345 FAT-DEPENDENT. 2467 01:07:53,345 --> 01:07:55,071 YOUR BRAIN IS FAT-DEPENDENT. 2468 01:07:55,071 --> 01:07:56,313 YOUR SKIN, YOUR HAIR, YOUR 2469 01:07:56,313 --> 01:07:57,659 NAILS -- ALL THESE THINGS ARE 2470 01:07:57,659 --> 01:07:58,867 FAT-DEPENDENT. 2471 01:07:58,867 --> 01:08:00,835 YOUR SEX HORMONES ARE 2472 01:08:00,835 --> 01:08:01,629 FAT-DEPENDENT, ARE 2473 01:08:01,629 --> 01:08:02,699 CHOLESTEROL-DEPENDENT. 2474 01:08:02,699 --> 01:08:03,493 THEY'RE MADE SORT OF ON A 2475 01:08:03,493 --> 01:08:04,701 CHOLESTEROL MOLECULE. 2476 01:08:04,701 --> 01:08:07,255 >> IF YOU ARE ELDERLY, OVER THE 2477 01:08:07,255 --> 01:08:09,050 AGE OF 60, AND IF YOU'RE A WOMAN 2478 01:08:09,050 --> 01:08:11,915 OF ANY AGE, THE CHOLESTEROL IS A 2479 01:08:11,915 --> 01:08:13,089 COMPLETE NON-ISSUE. 2480 01:08:13,089 --> 01:08:13,986 IN FACT, THE HIGHER YOUR 2481 01:08:13,986 --> 01:08:16,057 CHOLESTEROL, THE LONGER YOU 2482 01:08:16,057 --> 01:08:18,439 LIVE, AND THIS SHOWS UP IN STUDY 2483 01:08:18,439 --> 01:08:19,233 AFTER STUDY. 2484 01:08:19,233 --> 01:08:20,820 >> AND YET, IN SPITE OF THOSE 2485 01:08:20,820 --> 01:08:22,201 STUDIES, DRUGS THAT LOWER 2486 01:08:22,201 --> 01:08:23,823 CHOLESTEROL ARE BEING MARKETED 2487 01:08:23,823 --> 01:08:24,859 TO WOMEN. 2488 01:08:24,859 --> 01:08:26,309 BUT TAKE A GOOD LOOK AT THAT 2489 01:08:26,309 --> 01:08:28,587 LITTLE DISCLAIMER. 2490 01:08:28,587 --> 01:08:30,106 IF IT DOESN'T PREVENT HEART 2491 01:08:30,106 --> 01:08:31,797 DISEASE, WHY ON EARTH WOULD YOU 2492 01:08:31,797 --> 01:08:33,833 TAKE SUCH A POWERFUL DRUG? 2493 01:08:33,833 --> 01:08:35,145 >> THERE IS ABSOLUTELY NO 2494 01:08:35,145 --> 01:08:38,700 BENEFIT FOR WOMEN OF ANY AGE IN 2495 01:08:38,700 --> 01:08:39,977 TAKING STATINS. 2496 01:08:39,977 --> 01:08:41,772 I MEAN, STATINS ARE A WASTE OF 2497 01:08:41,772 --> 01:08:42,704 MONEY FOR WOMEN. 2498 01:08:42,704 --> 01:08:43,774 >> THERE ARE SOME REAL PROBLEMS 2499 01:08:43,774 --> 01:08:45,569 WITH TAKING STATINS -- MEMORY 2500 01:08:45,569 --> 01:08:47,916 LOSS, MUSCLE PROBLEMS, 2501 01:08:47,916 --> 01:08:49,539 OSTEOPOROSIS IN WOMEN. 2502 01:08:49,539 --> 01:08:50,505 I MEAN, THERE ARE A LOT OF 2503 01:08:50,505 --> 01:08:51,955 REASONS THAT YOU WOULDN'T WANT 2504 01:08:51,955 --> 01:08:53,232 TO TAKE STATIN DRUGS. 2505 01:08:53,232 --> 01:08:55,096 >> AND LOW CHOLESTEROL IS A 2506 01:08:55,096 --> 01:08:57,754 PREDICTOR FOR DEPRESSION, 2507 01:08:57,754 --> 01:09:00,136 SUICIDE, VIOLENT BEHAVIOR, 2508 01:09:00,136 --> 01:09:01,861 STROKES, AND CANCER. 2509 01:09:01,861 --> 01:09:03,035 IT'S MUCH BETTER TO HAVE HIGH 2510 01:09:03,035 --> 01:09:03,932 CHOLESTEROL THAN LOWER 2511 01:09:03,932 --> 01:09:04,795 CHOLESTEROL. 2512 01:09:04,795 --> 01:09:06,556 >> LIKE MOST PEOPLE, I LOVE THE 2513 01:09:06,556 --> 01:09:07,729 TASTE OF FAT. 2514 01:09:07,729 --> 01:09:09,455 HUMAN BEINGS CAN'T LIVE WITHOUT 2515 01:09:09,455 --> 01:09:11,147 PROTEIN, AND IN NATURE, PROTEIN 2516 01:09:11,147 --> 01:09:13,390 IS USUALLY SURROUNDED WITH FAT. 2517 01:09:13,390 --> 01:09:15,081 MAYBE MOTHER NATURE ACTUALLY 2518 01:09:15,081 --> 01:09:16,600 KNEW WHAT SHE WAS DOING. 2519 01:09:16,600 --> 01:09:18,292 MAYBE THERE'S A REASON LOW-FAT 2520 01:09:18,292 --> 01:09:19,741 DIETS ALWAYS MADE ME FEEL 2521 01:09:19,741 --> 01:09:20,501 DEPRESSED. 2522 01:09:20,501 --> 01:09:22,503 >> THE BRAIN IS BASICALLY MADE 2523 01:09:22,503 --> 01:09:23,297 OF FAT. 2524 01:09:23,297 --> 01:09:24,332 THEY SAY YOU'RE A FAT HEAD. 2525 01:09:24,332 --> 01:09:25,540 THEY WERE NOT KIDDING. 2526 01:09:25,540 --> 01:09:26,955 AND WHEN YOU GO ON A DIET THAT 2527 01:09:26,955 --> 01:09:28,336 ELIMINATES MOST FAT, TAKES YOU 2528 01:09:28,336 --> 01:09:30,304 DOWN TO, SAY, 10% OF FAT, YOU 2529 01:09:30,304 --> 01:09:32,961 HAVE BASICALLY ROBBED THE BODY 2530 01:09:32,961 --> 01:09:34,653 OF THE RAW MATERIALS THAT ARE 2531 01:09:34,653 --> 01:09:38,139 NECESSARY FOR IT TO BE HAPPY. 2532 01:09:38,139 --> 01:09:41,142 >> THERE'S PROBABLY NO 2533 01:09:41,142 --> 01:09:42,971 COINCIDENCE THAT BACK A COUPLE 2534 01:09:42,971 --> 01:09:44,559 OF DECADES AGO, WHEN THE LOW-FAT 2535 01:09:44,559 --> 01:09:46,630 DIET WAS THE REAL RAGE, IF YOU 2536 01:09:46,630 --> 01:09:47,804 WENT TO BOOKSTORES, WHAT YOU 2537 01:09:47,804 --> 01:09:49,150 SAW IS ALL THESE BOOKS ON 2538 01:09:49,150 --> 01:09:50,600 LOW-FAT DIETING, AND YOU SAW ALL 2539 01:09:50,600 --> 01:09:51,911 THESE BOOKS ON DEPRESSION 2540 01:09:51,911 --> 01:09:53,430 BECAUSE EVERYBODY WAS DEPRESSED. 2541 01:09:53,430 --> 01:09:54,949 >> WHEN I LOAD UP ON PROTEINS 2542 01:09:54,949 --> 01:09:56,675 AND ANIMAL FATS, I DON'T FEEL 2543 01:09:56,675 --> 01:09:59,229 HUNGRY AND I DO FEEL GOOD, SO 2544 01:09:59,229 --> 01:10:00,989 ON THIS DIET, I'M IGNORING THE 2545 01:10:00,989 --> 01:10:01,921 EXPERTS. 2546 01:10:01,921 --> 01:10:05,097 EXPERTS. LOOK AT ALL THAT SATURATED FAT. 2547 01:10:05,097 --> 01:10:14,071 LOOK AT ALL THAT SATURATED FAT. 2548 01:10:14,071 --> 01:10:18,248 THIS IS MY PASSOVER DINNER 2549 01:10:18,248 --> 01:10:21,424 FROM JACK IN THE BOX. 2550 01:10:21,424 --> 01:10:25,876 FROM JACK IN THE BOX. SOURDOUGH CHICKEN SANDWICH. 2551 01:10:25,876 --> 01:10:58,254 SOURDOUGH CHICKEN SANDWICH. 2552 01:10:58,254 --> 01:10:59,324 HERE'S THE GOOD THING ABOUT 2553 01:10:59,324 --> 01:11:00,325 BEING MIDDLE-AGED. 2554 01:11:00,325 --> 01:11:01,878 DO I KNOW THESE SUNGLASSES LOOK 2555 01:11:01,878 --> 01:11:02,948 RIDICULOUS? 2556 01:11:02,948 --> 01:11:03,880 YES. 2557 01:11:03,880 --> 01:11:06,572 DO I CARE? NO. 2558 01:11:06,572 --> 01:11:07,780 MY 2-YEAR-OLD DIDN'T FEEL LIKE 2559 01:11:07,780 --> 01:11:09,817 SLEEPING LAST NIGHT, SO I HAD TO 2560 01:11:09,817 --> 01:11:11,301 GET UP WITH HER A FEW TIMES, AND 2561 01:11:11,301 --> 01:11:13,096 I ENDED UP SLEEPING IN TOO LATE 2562 01:11:13,096 --> 01:11:15,167 TO GET BREAKFAST. 2563 01:11:15,167 --> 01:11:16,202 THAT'S THE BAD NEWS. 2564 01:11:16,202 --> 01:11:17,618 THE GOOD NEWS IS, IT'S GONNA BE 2565 01:11:17,618 --> 01:11:19,896 A BIG LUNCH. 2566 01:11:19,896 --> 01:11:21,311 >> WELCOME TO JACK IN THE BOX. 2567 01:11:21,311 --> 01:11:22,312 HOW CAN I HELP YOU? 2568 01:11:22,312 --> 01:11:23,727 >> A BACON ULTIMATE CHEESEBURGER 2569 01:11:23,727 --> 01:11:26,696 AND A DIET SODA, PLEASE. 2570 01:11:26,696 --> 01:11:29,561 MEDIUM DIET COKE, MAKE THAT. 2571 01:11:29,561 --> 01:11:31,010 >> A BACON ULTIMATE CHEESEBURGER 2572 01:11:31,010 --> 01:11:32,080 AND A MEDIUM DIET COKE? 2573 01:11:32,080 --> 01:11:32,978 >> THAT'S RIGHT. 2574 01:11:32,978 --> 01:11:34,290 >> PLEASE COME TO THE NEXT 2575 01:11:34,290 --> 01:11:35,670 WINDOW. 2576 01:11:35,670 --> 01:11:37,327 >> GO ON A SHOPPING TRIP AT YOUR 2577 01:11:37,327 --> 01:11:38,846 LOCAL NATURAL-FOOD STORE, AND 2578 01:11:38,846 --> 01:11:40,123 YOU'LL FIND THE SHELVES 2579 01:11:40,123 --> 01:11:41,814 JAM-PACKED WITH PROCESSED 2580 01:11:41,814 --> 01:11:43,954 VEGETABLE OILS, BUT WHAT EXACTLY 2581 01:11:43,954 --> 01:11:45,680 IS NATURAL ABOUT THEM? 2582 01:11:45,680 --> 01:11:47,199 WOULD HUMAN BEINGS LIVING IN THE 2583 01:11:47,199 --> 01:11:49,512 WILD EVER CONSUME OILS THAT CAME 2584 01:11:49,512 --> 01:11:51,479 FROM SOYBEANS OR CORN? 2585 01:11:51,479 --> 01:11:53,032 >> WE'VE NEVER HAD THESE IN THE 2586 01:11:53,032 --> 01:11:54,655 HUMAN DIET IN THE HISTORY OF THE 2587 01:11:54,655 --> 01:11:55,276 WORLD. 2588 01:11:55,276 --> 01:11:56,277 >> WHERE DO YOU GET FAT FROM 2589 01:11:56,277 --> 01:11:57,105 CORN? 2590 01:11:57,105 --> 01:11:58,590 IF YOU TAKE CORN AND PUT IT IN A 2591 01:11:58,590 --> 01:12:00,316 THING AND SQUEEZE IT, YOU DON'T 2592 01:12:00,316 --> 01:12:01,800 GET CORN FAT OUT OF IT, YOU 2593 01:12:01,800 --> 01:12:02,594 DON'T GET CORN OIL. 2594 01:12:02,594 --> 01:12:04,527 YOU'VE GOT TO CHEMICALLY EXTRACT 2595 01:12:04,527 --> 01:12:06,080 THE OIL FROM CORN TO GET IT. 2596 01:12:06,080 --> 01:12:07,392 >> UNTIL THAT PROCESS WAS 2597 01:12:07,392 --> 01:12:08,945 DEVELOPED, YOU DIDN'T HAVE ALL 2598 01:12:08,945 --> 01:12:10,878 OF THESE VEGETABLE -- SOYBEAN 2599 01:12:10,878 --> 01:12:12,949 OIL AND CORN OIL AND COTTONSEED 2600 01:12:12,949 --> 01:12:14,468 OIL AND ALL THESE THINGS. 2601 01:12:14,468 --> 01:12:15,917 HUMANS DIDN'T EAT THAT STUFF. 2602 01:12:15,917 --> 01:12:17,263 >> THE STUDIES THAT CAME IN ON 2603 01:12:17,263 --> 01:12:18,713 THE CORN OIL SHOWED THAT IT WAS 2604 01:12:18,713 --> 01:12:20,750 A DISASTER, THAT IT CAUSED 2605 01:12:20,750 --> 01:12:21,337 CANCER. 2606 01:12:21,337 --> 01:12:23,960 IF YOU GAVE CARCINOGENS TO RATS 2607 01:12:23,960 --> 01:12:25,341 WHO WERE FED CORN OIL, THEY 2608 01:12:25,341 --> 01:12:26,721 DEVELOPED CANCER. 2609 01:12:26,721 --> 01:12:28,344 IF THE RATS WERE FED COCONUT OIL 2610 01:12:28,344 --> 01:12:29,345 OR TALLOW, THEY DIDN'T GET 2611 01:12:29,345 --> 01:12:30,207 CANCER. 2612 01:12:30,207 --> 01:12:31,933 >> AND IT'S NOT JUST CANCER. 2613 01:12:31,933 --> 01:12:33,556 AFTER THE EXPERTS CONVINCED 2614 01:12:33,556 --> 01:12:35,212 MILLIONS OF AMERICANS TO SWITCH 2615 01:12:35,212 --> 01:12:36,524 FROM BUTTER AND LARD TO 2616 01:12:36,524 --> 01:12:38,250 MARGARINE AND VEGETABLE OILS, 2617 01:12:38,250 --> 01:12:40,079 HEART DISEASE WENT UP. 2618 01:12:40,079 --> 01:12:41,771 HOW CAN THAT BE? 2619 01:12:41,771 --> 01:12:43,807 AFTER ALL, VEGETABLE OILS ARE 2620 01:12:43,807 --> 01:12:45,361 CHOLESTEROL FREE. 2621 01:12:45,361 --> 01:12:47,328 >> WE, AS HUMANS, ARE NOT USED 2622 01:12:47,328 --> 01:12:49,088 TO EATING THOSE FATS IN THE 2623 01:12:49,088 --> 01:12:50,020 QUANTITIES THAT WE'VE BEEN 2624 01:12:50,020 --> 01:12:50,676 EATING THEM. 2625 01:12:50,676 --> 01:12:52,920 I MEAN, THAT'S WHAT'S CALLED AN 2626 01:12:52,920 --> 01:12:53,990 OMEGA-6 FAT. 2627 01:12:53,990 --> 01:12:55,716 OMEGA-6 FATS ARE 2628 01:12:55,716 --> 01:12:57,096 PRO-INFLAMMATORY -- THEY CAUSE 2629 01:12:57,096 --> 01:12:57,925 INFLAMMATION. 2630 01:12:57,925 --> 01:12:59,167 WE NEED SOME OF THEM, BUT WE 2631 01:12:59,167 --> 01:13:00,376 DON'T NEED A WHOLE LOT OF THEM. 2632 01:13:00,376 --> 01:13:01,998 >> BUT WE DO EAT A WHOLE LOT OF 2633 01:13:01,998 --> 01:13:03,586 THEM, AND THOSE UNNATURAL FATS 2634 01:13:03,586 --> 01:13:05,208 CAN CAUSE THE INFLAMMATION THAT 2635 01:13:05,208 --> 01:13:06,830 LEADS TO HEART DISEASE, 2636 01:13:06,830 --> 01:13:08,763 ESPECIALLY THE MOST UNNATURAL 2637 01:13:08,763 --> 01:13:10,489 FAT OF ALL -- PARTIALLY 2638 01:13:10,489 --> 01:13:12,353 HYDROGENATED VEGETABLE OILS, 2639 01:13:12,353 --> 01:13:15,080 OTHERWISE KNOWN AS TRANS FATS. 2640 01:13:15,080 --> 01:13:16,253 >> IT GIVES YOU THE COOKING 2641 01:13:16,253 --> 01:13:17,185 PROPERTIES YOU NEED, THE 2642 01:13:17,185 --> 01:13:18,877 FLAKINESS IN BISCUITS AND THE 2643 01:13:18,877 --> 01:13:20,292 CHEWINESS IN BREAD AND THE 2644 01:13:20,292 --> 01:13:21,431 THINGS THAT YOU LOOK FOR FROM A 2645 01:13:21,431 --> 01:13:24,089 SATURATED FAT, BUT IT DOESN'T 2646 01:13:24,089 --> 01:13:25,608 BEHAVE AS A SATURATED FAT IN THE 2647 01:13:25,608 --> 01:13:26,056 BODY. 2648 01:13:26,056 --> 01:13:27,541 AND THE BODY ACTUALLY WILL TAKE 2649 01:13:27,541 --> 01:13:29,059 IT OUT VERY READILY AND PACK IT 2650 01:13:29,059 --> 01:13:31,752 INTO THE CELL MEMBRANES, WHICH 2651 01:13:31,752 --> 01:13:33,685 THEN BECOME STIFF AND INFLEXIBLE 2652 01:13:33,685 --> 01:13:35,100 AND CAN'T DO THEIR JOB. 2653 01:13:35,100 --> 01:13:37,378 >> THE CENTER FOR SCIENCE IN THE 2654 01:13:37,378 --> 01:13:39,380 PUBLIC INTEREST RECENTLY FILED A 2655 01:13:39,380 --> 01:13:41,417 LAWSUIT AGAINST KFC FOR USING 2656 01:13:41,417 --> 01:13:43,695 TRANS FATS TO FRY CHICKEN, AND 2657 01:13:43,695 --> 01:13:45,248 PRETTY MUCH EVERYONE AGREES THAT 2658 01:13:45,248 --> 01:13:47,664 TRANS FATS ARE BAD NEWS, SO WHY 2659 01:13:47,664 --> 01:13:48,941 DO THE RESTAURANTS EVEN USE 2660 01:13:48,941 --> 01:13:49,494 THEM? 2661 01:13:49,494 --> 01:13:50,736 >> THE OLD McDONALD'S FRENCH 2662 01:13:50,736 --> 01:13:52,082 FRIES, FOR EXAMPLE, WERE COOKED 2663 01:13:52,082 --> 01:13:54,291 IN BEEF TALLOW, WHICH IS A 2664 01:13:54,291 --> 01:13:55,741 SATURATED FAT THAT'S GOT LOTS OF 2665 01:13:55,741 --> 01:13:56,880 STEARIC ACID IN IT. 2666 01:13:56,880 --> 01:13:59,883 STEARIC ACID IS A LONG-CHAIN 2667 01:13:59,883 --> 01:14:01,678 SATURATED FAT THAT'S BEEN SHOWN 2668 01:14:01,678 --> 01:14:04,094 TO ACTUALLY EITHER LOWER OR HAVE 2669 01:14:04,094 --> 01:14:05,371 NO EFFECT ON CHOLESTEROL. 2670 01:14:05,371 --> 01:14:06,718 IT'S A PRETTY INNOCUOUS FAT. 2671 01:14:06,718 --> 01:14:07,753 >> THEY HAD VERY 2672 01:14:07,753 --> 01:14:09,548 WELL-PUBLICIZED, VERY CAREFULLY 2673 01:14:09,548 --> 01:14:11,619 ORCHESTRATED PROTESTS OUTSIDE OF 2674 01:14:11,619 --> 01:14:12,827 McDONALD'S AND THE OTHER 2675 01:14:12,827 --> 01:14:13,725 FAST-FOOD CHAINS. 2676 01:14:13,725 --> 01:14:15,623 >> TOOK OUT PETITIONS AND WENT 2677 01:14:15,623 --> 01:14:18,902 AFTER THEM, AND THEY MADE THEM 2678 01:14:18,902 --> 01:14:19,662 CHANGE. 2679 01:14:19,662 --> 01:14:21,284 AND WHAT THEY MADE THEM CHANGE 2680 01:14:21,284 --> 01:14:22,768 TO, OF COURSE, WAS PARTIALLY 2681 01:14:22,768 --> 01:14:24,874 HYDROGENATED VEGETABLE FAT. 2682 01:14:24,874 --> 01:14:26,531 AND HE CAME UP WITH ONE OF HIS 2683 01:14:26,531 --> 01:14:28,084 PAPERS WHICH SAID, "TRANS FATTY 2684 01:14:28,084 --> 01:14:30,258 ACIDS -- NOT GUILTY AS CHARGED," 2685 01:14:30,258 --> 01:14:31,984 AND DISTRIBUTED ALL OF THIS. 2686 01:14:31,984 --> 01:14:34,780 HE WAS THE HEAD OF THE CSPI, AND 2687 01:14:34,780 --> 01:14:36,437 THEY'RE STILL IN THEIR JOURNALS. 2688 01:14:36,437 --> 01:14:38,439 IN OTHER WORDS, ALL YOU HAVE TO 2689 01:14:38,439 --> 01:14:39,820 DO IS GO TAKE A LOOK AT IT, AND 2690 01:14:39,820 --> 01:14:41,511 THEY SAID, "TRANS FATTY ACIDS -- 2691 01:14:41,511 --> 01:14:43,444 NOT GUILTY AS CHARGED." 2692 01:14:43,444 --> 01:14:45,308 >> SO, THEIR BIG JIHAD TO GET 2693 01:14:45,308 --> 01:14:47,172 RID OF SATURATED FAT ENDED UP 2694 01:14:47,172 --> 01:14:48,725 MAKING EVERYBODY SWITCH TO TRANS 2695 01:14:48,725 --> 01:14:49,208 FATS. 2696 01:14:49,208 --> 01:14:50,831 >> SOMEBODY EVIDENTLY SAID TO 2697 01:14:50,831 --> 01:14:52,384 THEM, "YOU'RE WRONG. 2698 01:14:52,384 --> 01:14:54,420 THERE'S SOMETHING WRONG WITH THE 2699 01:14:54,420 --> 01:14:55,732 TRANS FATTY ACIDS." 2700 01:14:55,732 --> 01:14:57,493 AND THEY DID AN ABOUT-FACE. 2701 01:14:57,493 --> 01:14:59,771 >> NOW THE SAME GROUP, THE CSPI, 2702 01:14:59,771 --> 01:15:01,220 IS GOING AFTER PEOPLE FOR USING 2703 01:15:01,220 --> 01:15:02,808 TRANS FATS, AND THEY'RE ONLY 2704 01:15:02,808 --> 01:15:04,327 USING THE TRANS FATS BECAUSE 2705 01:15:04,327 --> 01:15:05,501 THEY WENT AFTER THEM FOR USING 2706 01:15:05,501 --> 01:15:06,674 THE SATURATED FATS IN THE FIRST 2707 01:15:06,674 --> 01:15:07,123 PLACE. 2708 01:15:07,123 --> 01:15:08,745 >> AND THEY LIED, AND THEY SAID, 2709 01:15:08,745 --> 01:15:10,575 "OH, WE'VE BEEN TELLING YOU ALL 2710 01:15:10,575 --> 01:15:12,473 ALONG THAT THE TRANS FATTY ACIDS 2711 01:15:12,473 --> 01:15:13,992 WERE A PROBLEM." 2712 01:15:13,992 --> 01:15:17,202 AND THEY JUST SIMPLY LIED. 2713 01:15:17,202 --> 01:15:18,686 >> APPARENTLY, BELIEVING THAT 2714 01:15:18,686 --> 01:15:20,239 PEOPLE WERE BASING THEIR DIETS 2715 01:15:20,239 --> 01:15:22,000 ON $10 BUCKETS OF MOVIE 2716 01:15:22,000 --> 01:15:24,416 POPCORN, CSPI SCARED PEOPLE AWAY 2717 01:15:24,416 --> 01:15:26,349 FROM A PERFECTLY NATURAL, 2718 01:15:26,349 --> 01:15:27,661 HEALTHY FAT. 2719 01:15:27,661 --> 01:15:29,110 >> THE STUDY FOUND 70% OF ALL 2720 01:15:29,110 --> 01:15:30,767 THEATERS TESTED STILL POPPING 2721 01:15:30,767 --> 01:15:32,389 WITH HIGH-FAT COCONUT OIL. 2722 01:15:32,389 --> 01:15:34,219 >> THE SCARE WAS INVENTED BY 2723 01:15:34,219 --> 01:15:35,496 CENTER FOR SCIENCE IN THE PUBLIC 2724 01:15:35,496 --> 01:15:37,533 INTEREST, WHO, BY THEIR OWN 2725 01:15:37,533 --> 01:15:40,259 ADMISSION, WAS BEING SUPPORTED 2726 01:15:40,259 --> 01:15:41,916 BY THE SOY INDUSTRY. 2727 01:15:41,916 --> 01:15:43,193 >> IT'S A SATURATED FAT, BUT 2728 01:15:43,193 --> 01:15:44,574 IT'S A GOOD KIND OF SATURATED 2729 01:15:44,574 --> 01:15:44,954 FAT. 2730 01:15:44,954 --> 01:15:46,196 IT'S GOT LAURIC ACID IN IT, 2731 01:15:46,196 --> 01:15:47,543 WHICH IS A GOOD SORT OF 2732 01:15:47,543 --> 01:15:49,406 IMMUNE-ENHANCING SATURATED FAT. 2733 01:15:49,406 --> 01:15:50,235 I MEAN, THERE'S NOTHING IN THE 2734 01:15:50,235 --> 01:15:51,788 WORLD WRONG WITH COCONUT OIL. 2735 01:15:51,788 --> 01:15:53,341 >> THEY WANTED THE MOVIE 2736 01:15:53,341 --> 01:15:54,998 THEATERS TO USE PARTIALLY 2737 01:15:54,998 --> 01:15:56,310 HYDROGENATED SOYBEAN OIL 2738 01:15:56,310 --> 01:15:57,449 INSTEAD OF COCONUT OIL. 2739 01:15:57,449 --> 01:15:58,554 >> AND WHAT DOES IT GET REPLACED 2740 01:15:58,554 --> 01:15:58,830 WITH? 2741 01:15:58,830 --> 01:16:01,591 TRANS FATS THAT ARE MUCH WORSE. 2742 01:16:01,591 --> 01:16:02,972 >> THANKS TO THE EXPERTS, THE 2743 01:16:02,972 --> 01:16:04,698 POLITICIANS, AND THE RADICAL 2744 01:16:04,698 --> 01:16:06,631 VEGETARIAN NUTCASES, WE'VE BEEN 2745 01:16:06,631 --> 01:16:08,287 SCARED AWAY FROM PERFECTLY 2746 01:16:08,287 --> 01:16:10,117 NATURAL ANIMAL FATS THAT KEPT US 2747 01:16:10,117 --> 01:16:12,084 HEALTHY FOR MILLIONS OF YEARS. 2748 01:16:12,084 --> 01:16:13,569 WE SCARED MEN AWAY FROM 2749 01:16:13,569 --> 01:16:15,432 SATURATED FAT, WHICH HELPS TO 2750 01:16:15,432 --> 01:16:17,434 PRODUCE TESTOSTERONE, AND NOW WE 2751 01:16:17,434 --> 01:16:18,608 TAKE VIAGRA. 2752 01:16:18,608 --> 01:16:20,265 WE SCARED PARENTS INTO GIVING 2753 01:16:20,265 --> 01:16:22,060 THEIR KIDS SKIM MILK WHILE THEIR 2754 01:16:22,060 --> 01:16:23,579 BRAINS ARE GROWING, AND NOW 2755 01:16:23,579 --> 01:16:24,856 WE'VE GOT KIDS WHO CAN'T 2756 01:16:24,856 --> 01:16:26,478 CONCENTRATE AND TAKE DRUGS FOR 2757 01:16:26,478 --> 01:16:27,721 A.D.D. 2758 01:16:27,721 --> 01:16:29,723 AND WORSE, THE EXPERTS CONVINCED 2759 01:16:29,723 --> 01:16:31,690 US TO SWITCH TO HIGHLY PROCESSED 2760 01:16:31,690 --> 01:16:33,554 AND COMPLETELY UNNATURAL FATS 2761 01:16:33,554 --> 01:16:35,487 THAT CAUSE INFLAMMATION, WEAKEN 2762 01:16:35,487 --> 01:16:37,351 OUR CELLS, AND MAKE US SICK. 2763 01:16:37,351 --> 01:16:42,080 >> THIS WAS ALL BEING PUSHED AND 2764 01:16:42,080 --> 01:16:44,876 ADVOCATED BY PEOPLE THAT 2765 01:16:44,876 --> 01:16:47,948 AMERICANS TRUSTED -- BY OUR 2766 01:16:47,948 --> 01:16:49,743 GOVERNMENT, BY PEOPLE WEARING 2767 01:16:49,743 --> 01:16:51,676 WHITE COATS, SCIENTISTS AND 2768 01:16:51,676 --> 01:16:52,400 DOCTORS. 2769 01:16:52,400 --> 01:16:54,264 AND THEY WERE WRONG. 2770 01:16:54,264 --> 01:16:56,750 THEY WERE SIMPLY WRONG, AND WE 2771 01:16:56,750 --> 01:16:59,166 ARE REAPING THE WHIRLWIND OF THE 2772 01:16:59,166 --> 01:17:00,892 ARE REAPING THE WHIRLWIND OF THE CONSEQUENCES TODAY. 2773 01:17:00,892 --> 01:17:10,626 CONSEQUENCES TODAY. 2774 01:17:10,626 --> 01:17:12,213 >> WHAT ARE YOU DOING? 2775 01:17:12,213 --> 01:17:13,421 >> WELL, I THOUGHT PEOPLE WOULD 2776 01:17:13,421 --> 01:17:14,457 WANT TO HEAR THE DETAILS ON 2777 01:17:14,457 --> 01:17:15,423 EXACTLY HOW THIS DIET IS 2778 01:17:15,423 --> 01:17:16,390 AFFECTING OUR SEX LIFE. 2779 01:17:16,390 --> 01:17:17,633 I WAS KIND OF HOPING YOU COULD 2780 01:17:17,633 --> 01:17:21,015 TALK ABOUT THAT. 2781 01:17:21,015 --> 01:17:22,361 >> ARE YOU A MORON? 2782 01:17:22,361 --> 01:17:24,778 >> ARE YOU A MORON? >> [ LAUGHS ] 2783 01:17:24,778 --> 01:17:31,957 >> [ LAUGHS ] 2784 01:17:31,957 --> 01:17:36,410 >> ♪ SUGAR, SUGAR 2785 01:17:36,410 --> 01:17:40,448 ♪ MAKES ME WANT TO BE WITH YOU 2786 01:17:40,448 --> 01:17:44,176 ♪ WHEN I SEE YOU, MY DREAMS COME 2787 01:17:44,176 --> 01:17:46,523 TRUE ♪ 2788 01:17:46,523 --> 01:17:48,215 >> THE RISE IN HEART DISEASE AND 2789 01:17:48,215 --> 01:17:50,838 ESPECIALLY THE RISE IN OBESITY 2790 01:17:50,838 --> 01:17:53,185 AND DIABETES IS VERY CLEARLY 2791 01:17:53,185 --> 01:17:54,946 ABOUT ONE THING -- IT'S ABOUT 2792 01:17:54,946 --> 01:17:56,050 CARBOHYDRATES. 2793 01:17:56,050 --> 01:17:57,293 >> THAT'S THE BIG PROBLEM THAT 2794 01:17:57,293 --> 01:18:00,261 ALL THESE LOW-FAT PEOPLE HAVE 2795 01:18:00,261 --> 01:18:02,678 HAD WITH THE LOW-FAT DIET 2796 01:18:02,678 --> 01:18:04,196 BECAUSE A LOW-FAT DIET IS A 2797 01:18:04,196 --> 01:18:06,440 HIGH-CARBOHYDRATE DIET, OKAY, 2798 01:18:06,440 --> 01:18:07,406 'CAUSE YOU'VE GOT TO EAT 2799 01:18:07,406 --> 01:18:08,235 SOMETHING, AND FAT AND 2800 01:18:08,235 --> 01:18:09,201 CARBOHYDRATE ARE KIND OF 2801 01:18:09,201 --> 01:18:11,065 INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL. 2802 01:18:11,065 --> 01:18:12,170 WHEN ONE GOES DOWN, THE OTHER 2803 01:18:12,170 --> 01:18:12,929 GOES UP. 2804 01:18:12,929 --> 01:18:14,793 >> WHICH IS EXACTLY WHAT THE 2805 01:18:14,793 --> 01:18:16,381 EXPERTS TOLD US TO DO. 2806 01:18:16,381 --> 01:18:18,486 THE USDA FOOD PYRAMID RECOMMENDS 2807 01:18:18,486 --> 01:18:20,316 A LOW-FAT DIET THAT INCLUDES UP 2808 01:18:20,316 --> 01:18:22,318 TO 11 SERVINGS PER DAY OF 2809 01:18:22,318 --> 01:18:23,250 GRAINS. 2810 01:18:23,250 --> 01:18:24,838 >> TO BE BASED ON GRAINS IS NOT 2811 01:18:24,838 --> 01:18:28,980 THE NATIVE DIET FOR ANY MAMMAL. 2812 01:18:28,980 --> 01:18:30,429 THERE'S ONLY ONE GROUP OF 2813 01:18:30,429 --> 01:18:31,914 ANIMALS THAT LIVES WELL ON 2814 01:18:31,914 --> 01:18:33,605 GRAINS, AND THAT'S BIRDS. 2815 01:18:33,605 --> 01:18:34,571 >> YOU KNOW, THE USDA FOOD 2816 01:18:34,571 --> 01:18:39,991 PYRAMID IS MORE ABOUT SELLING 2817 01:18:39,991 --> 01:18:42,372 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS THAN IT IS 2818 01:18:42,372 --> 01:18:44,443 ABOUT SELLING HEALTH. 2819 01:18:44,443 --> 01:18:46,791 >> THEY'RE TOTALLY COMMITTED TO 2820 01:18:46,791 --> 01:18:47,930 WHAT CAN BE SOLD IN THE 2821 01:18:47,930 --> 01:18:50,208 COMMODITY MARKETS, SO THAT'S 2822 01:18:50,208 --> 01:18:54,177 WHEAT, CORN, SOYBEANS, SUGAR. 2823 01:18:54,177 --> 01:18:55,938 >> A FEW YEARS AGO, I WENT BACK 2824 01:18:55,938 --> 01:18:57,629 AND PULLED SOME LABELS OFF OF 2825 01:18:57,629 --> 01:18:58,803 FEED SACKS IN A FARMERS' 2826 01:18:58,803 --> 01:19:00,908 CO-OP AND RAN THEM THROUGH MY 2827 01:19:00,908 --> 01:19:02,496 LITTLE NUTRITIONAL COMPUTER, AND 2828 01:19:02,496 --> 01:19:04,015 THERE'S VIRTUALLY NO DIFFERENCE 2829 01:19:04,015 --> 01:19:05,913 IN THE MACRONUTRIENT COMPOSITION 2830 01:19:05,913 --> 01:19:07,812 THAT FARMERS USE TO FEED ANIMALS 2831 01:19:07,812 --> 01:19:09,986 TO FATTEN THEM UP AND THAT THE 2832 01:19:09,986 --> 01:19:11,988 USDA USES TO TELL US HOW TO 2833 01:19:11,988 --> 01:19:13,645 SUPPOSEDLY SLIM DOWN. 2834 01:19:13,645 --> 01:19:15,440 >> IN THE 1990s, THE FOOD AND 2835 01:19:15,440 --> 01:19:17,166 DRUG ADMINISTRATION DECIDED IT 2836 01:19:17,166 --> 01:19:18,926 WAS TIME TO HELP US SLIM DOWN, 2837 01:19:18,926 --> 01:19:20,169 SO THEY ORDERED FOOD 2838 01:19:20,169 --> 01:19:21,584 MANUFACTURERS TO ADOPT A 2839 01:19:21,584 --> 01:19:23,172 STANDARDIZED NUTRITION LABEL 2840 01:19:23,172 --> 01:19:24,621 THAT INCLUDES RECOMMENDED 2841 01:19:24,621 --> 01:19:25,830 SERVINGS OF PROTEIN, 2842 01:19:25,830 --> 01:19:27,590 CARBOHYDRATES, AND FAT. 2843 01:19:27,590 --> 01:19:29,281 FDA COMMISSIONER DAVID KESSLER 2844 01:19:29,281 --> 01:19:31,007 SAID IT WAS THE MOST IMPORTANT 2845 01:19:31,007 --> 01:19:32,698 BATTLE FOR PUBLIC HEALTH HE'D 2846 01:19:32,698 --> 01:19:33,596 EVER WAGED. 2847 01:19:33,596 --> 01:19:35,287 STORIES IN THE MEDIA WERE FULL 2848 01:19:35,287 --> 01:19:36,944 OF HAPPY PREDICTIONS ABOUT HOW 2849 01:19:36,944 --> 01:19:38,566 MUCH SMARTER AMERICANS WERE 2850 01:19:38,566 --> 01:19:40,327 GOING TO EAT THANKS TO ALL THAT 2851 01:19:40,327 --> 01:19:42,432 GOOD GOVERNMENT ADVICE. 2852 01:19:42,432 --> 01:19:43,917 GOOD GOVERNMENT ADVICE. AND SINCE THEN... 2853 01:19:43,917 --> 01:19:52,684 AND SINCE THEN... 2854 01:19:52,684 --> 01:19:54,272 WELL, MAYBE WE'RE NOT FOLLOWING 2855 01:19:54,272 --> 01:19:56,619 THOSE GUIDELINES, OR MAYBE WE 2856 01:19:56,619 --> 01:19:57,447 ARE. 2857 01:19:57,447 --> 01:19:59,553 THE NUTRITION LABEL THE FDA MADE 2858 01:19:59,553 --> 01:20:01,797 EVERYBODY ADOPT RECOMMENDS 300 2859 01:20:01,797 --> 01:20:04,144 CARBOHYDRATES PER DAY ON A 2860 01:20:04,144 --> 01:20:05,386 2,000-CALORIE DIET. 2861 01:20:05,386 --> 01:20:06,629 IF YOU ATE FOUR CUPS OF 2862 01:20:06,629 --> 01:20:08,286 BROCCOLI, THREE CUPS OF SPINACH, 2863 01:20:08,286 --> 01:20:09,874 TWO CUPS OF PEAS, FIVE CARROTS, 2864 01:20:09,874 --> 01:20:11,185 AND TWO APPLES, YOU WOULD 2865 01:20:11,185 --> 01:20:13,015 CONSUME ABOUT 100 GRAMS OF 2866 01:20:13,015 --> 01:20:14,050 CARBOHYDRATE. 2867 01:20:14,050 --> 01:20:15,914 SO HOW DO YOU GET TO 300? 2868 01:20:15,914 --> 01:20:17,813 >> IT WOULD TAKE A LOT OF 2869 01:20:17,813 --> 01:20:19,055 CAULIFLOWER AND BROCCOLI AND 2870 01:20:19,055 --> 01:20:20,539 CABBAGE AND THOSE KIND OF THINGS 2871 01:20:20,539 --> 01:20:22,645 TO EVER GET YOU TO 300 GRAMS OF 2872 01:20:22,645 --> 01:20:23,646 CARBOHYDRATE. 2873 01:20:23,646 --> 01:20:25,027 YOU CAN DO IT WITH STARCH. 2874 01:20:25,027 --> 01:20:26,614 >> YOU CAN DO IT, YOU KNOW, WITH 2875 01:20:26,614 --> 01:20:28,168 POTATOES, WHICH ARE BASICALLY A 2876 01:20:28,168 --> 01:20:28,858 PURE STARCH. 2877 01:20:28,858 --> 01:20:30,308 YOU CAN DO IT WITH A WHOLE LOT 2878 01:20:30,308 --> 01:20:32,689 OF CORN OR RICE, BUT THOSE ARE 2879 01:20:32,689 --> 01:20:33,829 REALLY STARCHY FOODS. 2880 01:20:33,829 --> 01:20:35,761 AND THE STARCH IN THOSE BREAKS 2881 01:20:35,761 --> 01:20:38,143 DOWN IN THE G.I. TRACT BASICALLY 2882 01:20:38,143 --> 01:20:39,006 TO SUGAR. 2883 01:20:39,006 --> 01:20:40,145 >> THE SPEED AT WHICH A 2884 01:20:40,145 --> 01:20:41,422 PARTICULAR FOOD RAISES YOUR 2885 01:20:41,422 --> 01:20:42,838 BLOOD SUGAR IS MEASURED BY 2886 01:20:42,838 --> 01:20:44,460 SOMETHING KNOWN AS THE GLYCEMIC 2887 01:20:44,460 --> 01:20:45,254 INDEX. 2888 01:20:45,254 --> 01:20:47,359 TABLE SUGAR HAS A GLYCEMIC INDEX 2889 01:20:47,359 --> 01:20:48,636 OF 64. 2890 01:20:48,636 --> 01:20:50,742 COCA-COLA HAS A GLYCEMIC INDEX 2891 01:20:50,742 --> 01:20:52,157 OF 63. 2892 01:20:52,157 --> 01:20:53,987 THE FOODS WE ATE FOR MILLIONS OF 2893 01:20:53,987 --> 01:20:55,540 YEARS ALMOST ALL HAD A LOW 2894 01:20:55,540 --> 01:20:56,921 GLYCEMIC INDEX. 2895 01:20:56,921 --> 01:20:58,750 SO, WHAT ABOUT ALL THOSE WHOLE 2896 01:20:58,750 --> 01:21:00,752 GRAINS THE EXPERTS TELL US 2897 01:21:00,752 --> 01:21:01,995 SHOULD BE THE FOUNDATION OF A 2898 01:21:01,995 --> 01:21:03,444 HEALTHY HUMAN DIET? 2899 01:21:03,444 --> 01:21:05,688 RAISIN BRAN HAS A GLYCEMIC INDEX 2900 01:21:05,688 --> 01:21:07,034 OF 61. 2901 01:21:07,034 --> 01:21:09,381 SHREDDED WHEAT LOGS IN AT 67, 2902 01:21:09,381 --> 01:21:10,935 WHICH MEANS IT SPIKES YOUR BLOOD 2903 01:21:10,935 --> 01:21:12,937 SUGAR FASTER THAN SUGAR DOES. 2904 01:21:12,937 --> 01:21:14,455 AND DEPENDING ON THE BRAND, 2905 01:21:14,455 --> 01:21:16,216 WHOLE-WHEAT BREAD RAISES THE BAR 2906 01:21:16,216 --> 01:21:17,493 TO AROUND 70. 2907 01:21:17,493 --> 01:21:19,391 >> ♪ SUGAR 2908 01:21:19,391 --> 01:21:21,359 >> SO, WHETHER THEY INTENDED TO 2909 01:21:21,359 --> 01:21:23,188 OR NOT, THE FDA AND USDA ARE 2910 01:21:23,188 --> 01:21:24,880 TELLING YOU TO LOAD UP ON 2911 01:21:24,880 --> 01:21:27,296 SUGAR...AND LOTS OF IT. 2912 01:21:27,296 --> 01:21:28,814 >> THE AMOUNT OF BLOOD SUGAR IN 2913 01:21:28,814 --> 01:21:30,644 YOUR BLOOD IF YOU HAVE A NORMAL 2914 01:21:30,644 --> 01:21:32,853 BLOOD SUGAR IS A LITTLE BIT LESS 2915 01:21:32,853 --> 01:21:34,544 THAN ONE TEASPOON. 2916 01:21:34,544 --> 01:21:36,581 300 GRAMS OF CARB THAT COMES AS 2917 01:21:36,581 --> 01:21:38,307 POTATO OR PASTA -- EVEN IF IT'S 2918 01:21:38,307 --> 01:21:39,929 WHOLE-GRAIN PASTA OR WHOLE-GRAIN 2919 01:21:39,929 --> 01:21:42,311 BREAD, THAT CONVERTS TO A CUP 2920 01:21:42,311 --> 01:21:43,829 AND A HALF OF SUGAR. 2921 01:21:43,829 --> 01:21:44,934 IF YOU WERE TO PUT A CUP AND A 2922 01:21:44,934 --> 01:21:46,108 HALF OF SUGAR DIRECTLY INTO YOUR 2923 01:21:46,108 --> 01:21:47,626 BLOOD, YOU'D BE DEAD. 2924 01:21:47,626 --> 01:21:49,318 YOUR BLOOD SUGAR WOULD GO 2925 01:21:49,318 --> 01:21:50,284 SKY-HIGH. 2926 01:21:50,284 --> 01:21:51,907 >> SINCE HIGH BLOOD SUGAR CAN 2927 01:21:51,907 --> 01:21:53,701 KILL YOU, YOUR BODY HAS TO BRING 2928 01:21:53,701 --> 01:21:55,565 IT DOWN, AND THAT'S HOW 2929 01:21:55,565 --> 01:21:57,671 IT DOWN, AND THAT'S HOW METABOLIC SYNDROME BEGINS. 2930 01:21:57,671 --> 01:22:06,611 METABOLIC SYNDROME BEGINS. 2931 01:22:06,611 --> 01:22:08,820 MOST OF US THINK WE ONLY PUT FAT 2932 01:22:08,820 --> 01:22:10,615 IN OUR FAT CELLS WHEN WE EAT TOO 2933 01:22:10,615 --> 01:22:12,306 MUCH, BUT, AS GARY TAUBES 2934 01:22:12,306 --> 01:22:14,343 EXPLAINS IN "GOOD CALORIES, BAD 2935 01:22:14,343 --> 01:22:16,241 CALORIES," YOUR FAT CELLS ARE 2936 01:22:16,241 --> 01:22:18,243 LIKE RECHARGEABLE FUEL CELLS. 2937 01:22:18,243 --> 01:22:20,073 EVERY TIME YOU EAT, YOUR STORE 2938 01:22:20,073 --> 01:22:20,832 SOME FAT. 2939 01:22:20,832 --> 01:22:22,696 IN BETWEEN MEALS, FAT COMES OUT 2940 01:22:22,696 --> 01:22:24,215 OF YOUR FAT CELLS TO PROVIDE THE 2941 01:22:24,215 --> 01:22:25,457 FUEL FOR YOUR MUSCLES AND 2942 01:22:25,457 --> 01:22:26,079 ORGANS. 2943 01:22:26,079 --> 01:22:27,873 IF YOU'RE NATURALLY THIN, IT'S 2944 01:22:27,873 --> 01:22:29,737 BECAUSE YOU HAVE EFFICIENT FAT 2945 01:22:29,737 --> 01:22:30,462 CELLS. 2946 01:22:30,462 --> 01:22:32,119 FAT GOES IN QUICKLY, AND IT 2947 01:22:32,119 --> 01:22:33,258 COMES OUT EASILY. 2948 01:22:33,258 --> 01:22:35,122 YOUR BODY DOESN'T NEED MUCH FAT 2949 01:22:35,122 --> 01:22:36,572 BECAUSE THE LITTLE BIT OF FAT 2950 01:22:36,572 --> 01:22:38,125 YOU DO HAVE IS A RELIABLE SOURCE 2951 01:22:38,125 --> 01:22:39,161 OF FUEL. 2952 01:22:39,161 --> 01:22:40,956 IF YOU'RE PREDISPOSED TO BE FAT, 2953 01:22:40,956 --> 01:22:42,681 IT'S BECAUSE YOU HAVE GREEDY FAT 2954 01:22:42,681 --> 01:22:43,544 CELLS. 2955 01:22:43,544 --> 01:22:45,167 WHEN YOU EAT, YOU TEND TO STORE 2956 01:22:45,167 --> 01:22:46,582 CALORIES AS FAT INSTEAD OF 2957 01:22:46,582 --> 01:22:48,032 BURNING THEM, AND WHEN YOUR 2958 01:22:48,032 --> 01:22:49,378 OTHER TISSUES NEED THOSE 2959 01:22:49,378 --> 01:22:50,896 CALORIES, THE FAT COMES OUT 2960 01:22:50,896 --> 01:22:53,002 SLOWLY IF IT COMES OUT AT ALL. 2961 01:22:53,002 --> 01:22:54,693 >> WHAT ARE THEY DOING? 2962 01:22:54,693 --> 01:22:56,074 >> DID ONE OF YOU GUYS FORGET TO 2963 01:22:56,074 --> 01:22:57,869 PAY THE FOOD BILL? 2964 01:22:57,869 --> 01:22:59,077 >> ARE YOU GOING TO EAT ALL 2965 01:22:59,077 --> 01:22:59,940 THAT? 2966 01:22:59,940 --> 01:23:02,667 >> THE END USER OF FOOD THAT WE 2967 01:23:02,667 --> 01:23:05,083 EAT ARE OUR INDIVIDUAL CELLS. 2968 01:23:05,083 --> 01:23:06,326 IT DOESN'T MATTER IF IT GOES IN 2969 01:23:06,326 --> 01:23:07,016 OUR MOUTH. 2970 01:23:07,016 --> 01:23:08,466 IF IT DOESN'T GET TO THOSE 2971 01:23:08,466 --> 01:23:10,295 CELLS, WE STARVE. 2972 01:23:10,295 --> 01:23:12,263 WE STARVE AT THE CELLULAR LEVEL. 2973 01:23:12,263 --> 01:23:14,058 >> AND SO YOU DO EXACTLY WHAT 2974 01:23:14,058 --> 01:23:15,921 YOUR BODY IS TELLING YOU TO DO. 2975 01:23:15,921 --> 01:23:16,853 >> COME ON! EAT SOMETHING! 2976 01:23:16,853 --> 01:23:18,200 >> EAT A STEAK, WILL YA? 2977 01:23:18,200 --> 01:23:19,649 >> YOU EAT MORE. 2978 01:23:19,649 --> 01:23:21,168 IN OTHER WORDS, YOU'RE NOT 2979 01:23:21,168 --> 01:23:22,687 GETTING FAT BECAUSE YOU'RE 2980 01:23:22,687 --> 01:23:24,447 EATING MORE, YOU'RE EATING MORE 2981 01:23:24,447 --> 01:23:26,380 BECAUSE YOU'RE GETTING FAT. 2982 01:23:26,380 --> 01:23:28,658 REMEMBER, MOTHER NATURE ISN'T 2983 01:23:28,658 --> 01:23:29,418 STUPID. 2984 01:23:29,418 --> 01:23:31,144 IF YOUR FAT CELLS ARE SLOW TO 2985 01:23:31,144 --> 01:23:32,904 RELEASE THEIR FUEL, YOUR BODY 2986 01:23:32,904 --> 01:23:34,526 ACTUALLY WORKS TO MAKE THEM 2987 01:23:34,526 --> 01:23:35,217 BIGGER. 2988 01:23:35,217 --> 01:23:36,666 AND THEY KEEP ON GETTING BIGGER 2989 01:23:36,666 --> 01:23:37,909 UNTIL THEY CAN RELEASE THE 2990 01:23:37,909 --> 01:23:39,773 ENERGY THAT YOUR BODY NEEDS. 2991 01:23:39,773 --> 01:23:41,292 THAT COULD MEAN GAINING A LITTLE 2992 01:23:41,292 --> 01:23:42,810 WEIGHT, OR IT COULD MEAN GAINING 2993 01:23:42,810 --> 01:23:43,570 A LOT. 2994 01:23:43,570 --> 01:23:45,330 IT ALL DEPENDS ON HOW SLOWLY 2995 01:23:45,330 --> 01:23:47,056 YOUR FAT CELLS RELEASE THEIR 2996 01:23:47,056 --> 01:23:48,057 FAT. 2997 01:23:48,057 --> 01:23:49,714 MOST OF US WEREN'T BORN WITH 2998 01:23:49,714 --> 01:23:51,302 GREEDY FAT CELLS, BUT WE CAN 2999 01:23:51,302 --> 01:23:53,373 CERTAINLY MAKE THEM THAT WAY. 3000 01:23:53,373 --> 01:23:54,581 WHEN YOU EAT TOO MANY 3001 01:23:54,581 --> 01:23:56,100 CARBOHYDRATES, YOU RAISE YOUR 3002 01:23:56,100 --> 01:23:56,893 BLOOD SUGAR. 3003 01:23:56,893 --> 01:23:58,585 SINCE HIGH BLOOD SUGAR IS TOXIC, 3004 01:23:58,585 --> 01:24:00,449 YOUR BODY RELEASES INSULIN TO 3005 01:24:00,449 --> 01:24:01,484 BRING IT DOWN. 3006 01:24:01,484 --> 01:24:03,176 BUT YOUR BODY CAN ONLY BURN A 3007 01:24:03,176 --> 01:24:04,970 LITTLE BIT OF SUGAR AT A TIME. 3008 01:24:04,970 --> 01:24:06,765 SO, WHAT HAPPENS TO THE REST OF 3009 01:24:06,765 --> 01:24:07,387 IT? 3010 01:24:07,387 --> 01:24:08,767 >> YOUR STORAGE SITES FOR 3011 01:24:08,767 --> 01:24:10,321 CARBOHYDRATE ARE LIMITED, AND 3012 01:24:10,321 --> 01:24:11,805 WE'VE GOT UNLIMITED STORAGE 3013 01:24:11,805 --> 01:24:12,702 PLACES FOR FAT. 3014 01:24:12,702 --> 01:24:14,428 SO THE BODY ENDS UP JUST 3015 01:24:14,428 --> 01:24:16,499 CONVERTING THE CARBOHYDRATE TO 3016 01:24:16,499 --> 01:24:17,121 FAT. 3017 01:24:17,121 --> 01:24:18,674 >> AND AFTER BRINGING DOWN YOUR 3018 01:24:18,674 --> 01:24:20,089 BLOOD SUGAR, INSULIN DOES ITS 3019 01:24:20,089 --> 01:24:21,435 OTHER JOB. 3020 01:24:21,435 --> 01:24:23,541 IT TELLS YOUR BODY TO STORE FAT. 3021 01:24:23,541 --> 01:24:26,164 >> INSULIN STIMULATES AN ENZYME 3022 01:24:26,164 --> 01:24:28,132 CALLED LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE THAT 3023 01:24:28,132 --> 01:24:30,065 SENDS FAT INTO THE FAT CELLS. 3024 01:24:30,065 --> 01:24:32,067 SO IF INSULIN IS ELEVATED, THIS 3025 01:24:32,067 --> 01:24:33,723 LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE IS REALLY 3026 01:24:33,723 --> 01:24:35,518 ACTIVATED, AND IT'S SENDING FAT 3027 01:24:35,518 --> 01:24:37,279 LIKE CRAZY INTO THE FAT CELLS. 3028 01:24:37,279 --> 01:24:38,314 SO IF YOU EAT A LOT OF 3029 01:24:38,314 --> 01:24:39,764 CARBOHYDRATES, YOUR INSULIN GOES 3030 01:24:39,764 --> 01:24:41,076 UP, YOU'RE STORING FAT IN THE 3031 01:24:41,076 --> 01:24:42,249 FAT CELL. 3032 01:24:42,249 --> 01:24:43,526 >> WHEN YOU HAVE A HEALTHY 3033 01:24:43,526 --> 01:24:44,838 METABOLISM, IT ONLY TAKES A 3034 01:24:44,838 --> 01:24:46,253 LITTLE BIT OF INSULIN TO BRING 3035 01:24:46,253 --> 01:24:47,772 YOUR BLOOD SUGAR DOWN, AND THEN 3036 01:24:47,772 --> 01:24:49,222 EVERYTHING GOES BACK TO NORMAL. 3037 01:24:49,222 --> 01:24:51,845 BUT OVER TIME, THAT CAN CHANGE. 3038 01:24:51,845 --> 01:24:53,260 >> THE CELLS CAN BECOME 3039 01:24:53,260 --> 01:24:54,917 RESISTANT TO THE EFFECTS OF 3040 01:24:54,917 --> 01:24:55,573 INSULIN. 3041 01:24:55,573 --> 01:24:57,333 IN ESSENCE, WHEN THAT HAPPENS, 3042 01:24:57,333 --> 01:24:58,990 INSULIN IS TALKING, BUT THE 3043 01:24:58,990 --> 01:25:00,681 CELLS JUST AREN'T LISTENING. 3044 01:25:00,681 --> 01:25:01,648 AND SO THEY DON'T GET THE 3045 01:25:01,648 --> 01:25:02,718 MESSAGE FROM INSULIN, SO THEY 3046 01:25:02,718 --> 01:25:03,857 DON'T DO WHAT THEY'RE SUPPOSED 3047 01:25:03,857 --> 01:25:05,030 TO DO. 3048 01:25:05,030 --> 01:25:06,722 >> HELLO? 3049 01:25:06,722 --> 01:25:08,310 >> STOP HITTING ME. 3050 01:25:08,310 --> 01:25:10,312 >> I'M NOT HITTING YOU. 3051 01:25:10,312 --> 01:25:11,899 >> STOP HITTING ME. 3052 01:25:11,899 --> 01:25:13,246 >> I'M NOT HITTING YOU. 3053 01:25:13,246 --> 01:25:15,248 >> AND SO YOUR BODY DOES WHAT IT 3054 01:25:15,248 --> 01:25:16,111 HAS TO DO. 3055 01:25:16,111 --> 01:25:17,664 IT STARTS PRODUCING MORE 3056 01:25:17,664 --> 01:25:18,354 INSULIN. 3057 01:25:18,354 --> 01:25:19,735 >> YOU FINALLY REACH THE POINT 3058 01:25:19,735 --> 01:25:21,046 TO WHERE YOUR INSULIN IS HIGH 3059 01:25:21,046 --> 01:25:22,427 JUST TO KEEP YOUR SUGAR NORMAL, 3060 01:25:22,427 --> 01:25:23,773 EVEN IF YOU'RE NOT EATING ANY 3061 01:25:23,773 --> 01:25:24,188 SUGAR. 3062 01:25:24,188 --> 01:25:25,879 AND THEN, WHEN THAT HAPPENS, 3063 01:25:25,879 --> 01:25:27,501 THEN IT'S STARTING TO DRIVE 3064 01:25:27,501 --> 01:25:29,158 STUFF INTO THE FAT CELLS. 3065 01:25:29,158 --> 01:25:30,539 AND THEN YOU'VE REACH THIS POINT 3066 01:25:30,539 --> 01:25:31,954 WHERE, ALL OF A SUDDEN -- BAM -- 3067 01:25:31,954 --> 01:25:33,921 YOU GET FAT. 3068 01:25:33,921 --> 01:25:35,509 >> AND YOU GET FAT EVEN THOUGH 3069 01:25:35,509 --> 01:25:37,201 YOU'RE EATING THE SAME NUMBER OF 3070 01:25:37,201 --> 01:25:38,926 CALORIES YOU ALWAYS DID, BECAUSE 3071 01:25:38,926 --> 01:25:41,343 NOW YOU HAVE GREEDY FAT CELLS. 3072 01:25:41,343 --> 01:25:43,414 SO YOU DO WHAT THE EXPERTS HAVE 3073 01:25:43,414 --> 01:25:44,898 ALWAYS TOLD US TO DO. 3074 01:25:44,898 --> 01:25:47,003 YOU GO ON A LOW-FAT, LOW-CALORIE 3075 01:25:47,003 --> 01:25:48,971 DIET SO YOU CAN BURN YOUR OWN 3076 01:25:48,971 --> 01:25:50,248 BODY FAT FOR FUEL. 3077 01:25:50,248 --> 01:25:51,767 JUST ONE LITTLE PROBLEM -- 3078 01:25:51,767 --> 01:25:53,493 IF TOO MANY CARBOHYDRATES ARE 3079 01:25:53,493 --> 01:25:55,288 KEEPING YOUR INSULIN HIGH, THE 3080 01:25:55,288 --> 01:25:57,152 INSULIN IS TELLING YOUR BODY TO 3081 01:25:57,152 --> 01:25:59,084 STORE THE FAT INSTEAD OF BURNING 3082 01:25:59,084 --> 01:25:59,706 IT. 3083 01:25:59,706 --> 01:26:01,156 NOW YOU'RE REALLYSTARVING 3084 01:26:01,156 --> 01:26:01,708 INSIDE. 3085 01:26:01,708 --> 01:26:02,743 >> ...ALL THAT FOR YOURSELF FOR? 3086 01:26:02,743 --> 01:26:03,744 COME ON, YOU BIG DICK, WHAT DO 3087 01:26:03,744 --> 01:26:04,538 YOU THINK YOU'RE DOING? 3088 01:26:04,538 --> 01:26:05,436 WHAT'S THE MATTER WITH YOU? 3089 01:26:05,436 --> 01:26:06,747 I'M HUNGRY DOWN HERE. 3090 01:26:06,747 --> 01:26:08,646 >> SO, ONCE AGAIN, YOUR BODY 3091 01:26:08,646 --> 01:26:10,234 DOES WHAT IT HAS TO DO. 3092 01:26:10,234 --> 01:26:12,408 IT SLOWS DOWN YOUR METABOLISM. 3093 01:26:12,408 --> 01:26:13,754 YOU STOP LOSING WEIGHT. 3094 01:26:13,754 --> 01:26:15,411 YOU GET TIRED, AND THEN YOU DO 3095 01:26:15,411 --> 01:26:17,033 THINGS LIKE DRIVE AROUND THE 3096 01:26:17,033 --> 01:26:18,794 PARKING LOT, LOOKING FOR A CLOSE 3097 01:26:18,794 --> 01:26:20,002 PARKING SPACE. 3098 01:26:20,002 --> 01:26:21,831 >> SO, YOU KNOW, SO MANY OF MY 3099 01:26:21,831 --> 01:26:23,695 PATIENTS COME IN FOLLOWING THAT 3100 01:26:23,695 --> 01:26:25,559 ADVICE, WHERE THEY SAY, "WELL, I 3101 01:26:25,559 --> 01:26:27,906 KNOW IT CAN'T BE ABOUT MY DIET, 3102 01:26:27,906 --> 01:26:30,254 BECAUSE I'M EATING A GOOD DIET." 3103 01:26:30,254 --> 01:26:31,531 AND I SAY, "WHAT DID YOU HAVE 3104 01:26:31,531 --> 01:26:32,773 FOR BREAKFAST THIS MORNING?" 3105 01:26:32,773 --> 01:26:34,016 AND THEY SAY, "WELL, I ATE A 3106 01:26:34,016 --> 01:26:37,226 BOWL OF SPECIAL K, AND I USED 3107 01:26:37,226 --> 01:26:38,676 LOW-FAT MILK. 3108 01:26:38,676 --> 01:26:40,298 AND THEN I HAD TWO PIECES OF 3109 01:26:40,298 --> 01:26:41,506 WHOLE-WHEAT TOAST." 3110 01:26:41,506 --> 01:26:43,646 AND TO BREAK YOUR FAST IN THE 3111 01:26:43,646 --> 01:26:45,476 MORNING WITH ALL OF THAT 3112 01:26:45,476 --> 01:26:47,754 INSULIN-PRODUCING, HIGH-GLYCEMIC 3113 01:26:47,754 --> 01:26:49,790 DIET IS GONNA SHUT DOWN YOUR 3114 01:26:49,790 --> 01:26:51,344 METABOLISM AND IS THE 3115 01:26:51,344 --> 01:26:53,311 PRESCRIPTION FOR MAKING YOU 3116 01:26:53,311 --> 01:26:53,725 FAT. 3117 01:26:53,725 --> 01:26:55,313 >> AND THEN THEY END UP BEING, 3118 01:26:55,313 --> 01:26:56,970 IN MOST CASES, LARGER THAN THEY 3119 01:26:56,970 --> 01:26:58,385 WERE WHEN THEY STARTED OUT, 3120 01:26:58,385 --> 01:27:01,043 WITH A LOWER METABOLIC RATE. 3121 01:27:01,043 --> 01:27:02,665 >> AND IT FRUSTRATES SO MANY 3122 01:27:02,665 --> 01:27:04,184 PEOPLE BECAUSE THEY DO IT 3123 01:27:04,184 --> 01:27:05,806 AND THEY FAIL, AND THEN THEY 3124 01:27:05,806 --> 01:27:07,636 THINK THEYFAILED. 3125 01:27:07,636 --> 01:27:09,500 AND THEY DIDN'T FAIL. 3126 01:27:09,500 --> 01:27:10,570 THE DIET FAILED. 3127 01:27:10,570 --> 01:27:12,192 >> THE NEXT TIME YOU FEEL LIKE 3128 01:27:12,192 --> 01:27:13,883 INDULGING IN THE USUAL PREJUDICE 3129 01:27:13,883 --> 01:27:15,264 AGAINST FAT PEOPLE, HERE'S 3130 01:27:15,264 --> 01:27:16,714 SOMETHING TO KEEP IN MIND. 3131 01:27:16,714 --> 01:27:19,234 MY WIFE HAS ALWAYS BEEN THIN, 3132 01:27:19,234 --> 01:27:21,166 AND SHE'S THE FIRST TO ADMIT IT 3133 01:27:21,166 --> 01:27:22,616 HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH 3134 01:27:22,616 --> 01:27:23,479 DISCIPLINE. 3135 01:27:23,479 --> 01:27:25,412 WHEN SHE AND I SIT DOWN FOR A 3136 01:27:25,412 --> 01:27:27,276 MEAL, WE BOTH DO EXACTLY THE 3137 01:27:27,276 --> 01:27:29,382 SAME THING -- WE EAT UNTIL WE'RE 3138 01:27:29,382 --> 01:27:30,900 NOT HUNGRY ANYMORE. 3139 01:27:30,900 --> 01:27:32,971 I GOT FAT AND STAYED FAT BECAUSE 3140 01:27:32,971 --> 01:27:35,008 I WAS LIVING ON FOODS THAT TOLD 3141 01:27:35,008 --> 01:27:37,113 MY BODY TO STORE THE CALORIES IN 3142 01:27:37,113 --> 01:27:39,184 MY FAT CELLS, WHICH JUST MADE ME 3143 01:27:39,184 --> 01:27:40,324 HUNGRIER. 3144 01:27:40,324 --> 01:27:42,015 IN SOME PEOPLE, THE FAT CELLS 3145 01:27:42,015 --> 01:27:43,637 AND THE OTHER TISSUES BECOME 3146 01:27:43,637 --> 01:27:45,363 INSULIN-RESISTANT AT ABOUT THE 3147 01:27:45,363 --> 01:27:46,122 SAME RATE. 3148 01:27:46,122 --> 01:27:47,745 THE GOOD NEWS IS, THEY DON'T 3149 01:27:47,745 --> 01:27:48,573 GAIN WEIGHT. 3150 01:27:48,573 --> 01:27:50,230 THE BAD NEWS IS, INSULIN 3151 01:27:50,230 --> 01:27:52,267 RESISTANCE CAN KILL YOU EVEN IF 3152 01:27:52,267 --> 01:27:53,337 YOU'RE SKINNY. 3153 01:27:53,337 --> 01:27:54,924 >> DEMANDING OF YOUR PANCREAS 3154 01:27:54,924 --> 01:27:56,443 THAT IT PRODUCE EVER-GREATER 3155 01:27:56,443 --> 01:27:58,134 AMOUNTS OF INSULIN TO KEEP YOUR 3156 01:27:58,134 --> 01:27:59,826 BLOOD SUGAR NORMAL IS ULTIMATELY 3157 01:27:59,826 --> 01:28:01,345 GOING TO CAUSE WHAT'S CAUSED 3158 01:28:01,345 --> 01:28:02,656 BETA CELL BURNOUT. 3159 01:28:02,656 --> 01:28:04,140 FINALLY, THE PANCREAS IS 3160 01:28:04,140 --> 01:28:05,832 PRODUCING ALL IT CAN PRODUCE, 3161 01:28:05,832 --> 01:28:07,558 AND THAT'S NOT ENOUGH ANYMORE. 3162 01:28:07,558 --> 01:28:09,145 AND WHEN THAT HAPPENS, THE 3163 01:28:09,145 --> 01:28:10,802 BETA CELLS GET DAMAGED, THEY 3164 01:28:10,802 --> 01:28:12,597 CAN'T PRODUCE ANYMORE, AND YOUR 3165 01:28:12,597 --> 01:28:13,564 BLOOD SUGAR GOES UP. 3166 01:28:13,564 --> 01:28:14,979 AND NOW YOU'VE BECOME, FRANKLY, 3167 01:28:14,979 --> 01:28:15,497 DIABETIC. 3168 01:28:15,497 --> 01:28:17,084 >> AND ONCE YOUR BLOOD SUGAR 3169 01:28:17,084 --> 01:28:18,569 GOES OUT OF CONTROL, IT CAN 3170 01:28:18,569 --> 01:28:20,295 DAMAGE YOUR ARTERIES AND LEAD TO 3171 01:28:20,295 --> 01:28:21,226 HEART DISEASE. 3172 01:28:21,226 --> 01:28:23,470 AND YET THE EXPERTS KEEP TELLING 3173 01:28:23,470 --> 01:28:25,541 US TO STAY AWAY FROM FAT AND 3174 01:28:25,541 --> 01:28:27,371 LOAD UP ON CARBOHYDRATES. 3175 01:28:27,371 --> 01:28:28,820 ON THEIR WEBSITE, CSPI 3176 01:28:28,820 --> 01:28:30,581 ENCOURAGES PARENTS TO CUT THE 3177 01:28:30,581 --> 01:28:32,445 FAT FROM THEIR KIDS' DIETS AND 3178 01:28:32,445 --> 01:28:34,205 FEED THEM STARCHY FOODS, LIKE 3179 01:28:34,205 --> 01:28:35,724 WHOLE-WHEAT CRACKERS AND 3180 01:28:35,724 --> 01:28:36,552 GRAPE-NUTS. 3181 01:28:36,552 --> 01:28:38,485 >> GRAPE-NUTS HAVE A GLYCEMIC 3182 01:28:38,485 --> 01:28:39,555 INDEX OF 64... 3183 01:28:39,555 --> 01:28:41,385 >> ♪ SUGAR 3184 01:28:41,385 --> 01:28:43,041 >> ...WHICH MAKE THEM MORE 3185 01:28:43,041 --> 01:28:43,835 FATTENING. 3186 01:28:43,835 --> 01:28:45,561 IF YOU WERE TO EAT A BOWL OF 3187 01:28:45,561 --> 01:28:47,322 GRAPE-NUTS, THE CALORIES ARE 3188 01:28:47,322 --> 01:28:49,013 ABOUT THE SAME AS EATING AN 3189 01:28:49,013 --> 01:28:50,601 EXTRA-LARGE SNICKERS BAR. 3190 01:28:50,601 --> 01:28:52,534 >> ♪ SUGAR 3191 01:28:52,534 --> 01:28:54,605 >> WE WERE ALL SUBJECTS IN A 3192 01:28:54,605 --> 01:28:56,917 GIANT EXPERIMENT, THE HYPOTHESIS 3193 01:28:56,917 --> 01:28:58,988 OF WHICH WAS THAT FAT IS BAD 3194 01:28:58,988 --> 01:29:00,265 FOR US. 3195 01:29:00,265 --> 01:29:02,060 AND NOW HERE WE ALL ARE, AT THE 3196 01:29:02,060 --> 01:29:03,752 END OF THIS GIANT EXPERIMENT. 3197 01:29:03,752 --> 01:29:05,201 TYPE-2 DIABETES IS AT A 3198 01:29:05,201 --> 01:29:07,031 SCREAMINGLY HIGH RATE, AND WAY, 3199 01:29:07,031 --> 01:29:08,791 WAY MORE PEOPLE ARE OVERWEIGHT 3200 01:29:08,791 --> 01:29:09,861 THAN USED TO BE. 3201 01:29:09,861 --> 01:29:10,966 >> GRANDMOTHER COULD TELL YOU 3202 01:29:10,966 --> 01:29:12,105 THAT THAT DIET WOULD MAKE YOU 3203 01:29:12,105 --> 01:29:13,002 FAT. 3204 01:29:13,002 --> 01:29:15,419 SHE KNEW THAT POTATOES AND BREAD 3205 01:29:15,419 --> 01:29:16,765 WERE FATTENING. 3206 01:29:16,765 --> 01:29:19,423 WE ALL KNEW IT UNTIL MODERN 3207 01:29:19,423 --> 01:29:21,321 NUTRITION TOLD US OTHERWISE. 3208 01:29:21,321 --> 01:29:22,564 >> WHICH IS WHY I'M 3209 01:29:22,564 --> 01:29:24,255 INTENTIONALLY IGNORING WHAT 3210 01:29:24,255 --> 01:29:25,670 MODERN NUTRITION SAYS. 3211 01:29:25,670 --> 01:29:27,465 I'M EATING LOTS OF PROTEIN AND 3212 01:29:27,465 --> 01:29:29,364 PLENTY OF FAT, BUT I'M LIMITING 3213 01:29:29,364 --> 01:29:31,124 MY CARBOHYDRATES TO ABOUT 100 3214 01:29:31,124 --> 01:29:33,126 MY CARBOHYDRATES TO ABOUT 100 GRAMS PER DAY. 3215 01:29:33,126 --> 01:29:45,034 GRAMS PER DAY. 3216 01:29:45,034 --> 01:29:47,105 BECAUSE MY DOCTOR WAS GOING ON 3217 01:29:47,105 --> 01:29:49,280 VACATION, I SHORTENED MY 30-DAY 3218 01:29:49,280 --> 01:29:51,351 DIET TO 28 DAYS AND WENT TO MY 3219 01:29:51,351 --> 01:29:52,697 POST-DIET CHECKUP. 3220 01:29:52,697 --> 01:29:54,872 I SHOWED MY DOCTOR WHAT I'D BEEN 3221 01:29:54,872 --> 01:29:57,046 EATING, WHICH INCLUDED 15 DOUBLE 3222 01:29:57,046 --> 01:29:58,703 OR TRIPLE CHEESEBURGERS, 3223 01:29:58,703 --> 01:30:00,878 19 SAUSAGE PATTIES, 52 EGGS, AND 3224 01:30:00,878 --> 01:30:02,431 A DOZEN SERVINGS OF FRIED 3225 01:30:02,431 --> 01:30:03,121 CHICKEN. 3226 01:30:03,121 --> 01:30:05,607 HE WAS NOT EXACTLY HAPPY WITH MY 3227 01:30:05,607 --> 01:30:06,470 CHOICES. 3228 01:30:06,470 --> 01:30:07,850 >> LET'S STEP UP HERE AND SEE 3229 01:30:07,850 --> 01:30:10,163 WHAT DAMAGE YOU'VE DONE. 3230 01:30:10,163 --> 01:30:12,441 OKAY, I HAVE NO IDEA WHY THIS 3231 01:30:12,441 --> 01:30:13,373 IS. 3232 01:30:13,373 --> 01:30:14,616 YOU LOST WEIGHT. 3233 01:30:14,616 --> 01:30:15,962 [ CHUCKLES ] 3234 01:30:15,962 --> 01:30:22,589 YOU LOST WEIGHT. 3235 01:30:22,589 --> 01:30:25,247 194, I BELIEVE, AND A QUARTER. 3236 01:30:25,247 --> 01:30:25,834 >> MM-HMM. 3237 01:30:25,834 --> 01:30:27,283 >> IF YOU MOVE AWAY, I CAN SEE 3238 01:30:27,283 --> 01:30:29,803 BETTER. 3239 01:30:29,803 --> 01:30:32,565 YEP. 3240 01:30:32,565 --> 01:30:34,429 >> SO, I LOST ALMOST 12? 3241 01:30:34,429 --> 01:30:35,637 >> LET ME SEE. 3242 01:30:35,637 --> 01:30:40,158 THINK SO. 3243 01:30:40,158 --> 01:30:42,437 12 1/4. 3244 01:30:42,437 --> 01:30:43,921 WHAT DID YOU DRINK? 3245 01:30:43,921 --> 01:30:45,405 >> EITHER DIET COKE OR ICED TEA 3246 01:30:45,405 --> 01:30:45,992 OR WATER. 3247 01:30:45,992 --> 01:30:46,510 >> OKAY. 3248 01:30:46,510 --> 01:30:49,547 YOUR TOTAL CHOLESTEROL WAS 231. 3249 01:30:49,547 --> 01:30:50,824 >> MM-HMM. 3250 01:30:50,824 --> 01:30:53,413 >> IT'S NOW 222. 3251 01:30:53,413 --> 01:30:55,277 NOW, BEFORE YOU THINK THAT 3252 01:30:55,277 --> 01:30:57,382 THAT'S A DECREMENT, IF I WOULD 3253 01:30:57,382 --> 01:30:59,454 CHECK THE SAME SAMPLE TWO AND 3254 01:30:59,454 --> 01:31:01,594 THREE TIMES, WE WOULD HAVE THAT 3255 01:31:01,594 --> 01:31:02,491 KIND OF VARIANCE. 3256 01:31:02,491 --> 01:31:03,319 >> OKAY. 3257 01:31:03,319 --> 01:31:05,598 >> OKAY, SO, THAT, TO ME, DIDN'T 3258 01:31:05,598 --> 01:31:11,051 CHANGE. 3259 01:31:11,051 --> 01:31:13,053 >> WHAT'S THAT LOOK? 3260 01:31:13,053 --> 01:31:15,677 >> IT'S 28.2. 3261 01:31:15,677 --> 01:31:17,472 I DON'T LIKE WHAT YOU'RE PROVING 3262 01:31:17,472 --> 01:31:19,853 HERE. 3263 01:31:19,853 --> 01:31:21,959 >> I-I DIDN'T WRITE IT THE LAST 3264 01:31:21,959 --> 01:31:23,892 TIME, BUT I BELIEVE YOU -- 31.2, 3265 01:31:23,892 --> 01:31:24,962 WHICH WAS HIGH. 3266 01:31:24,962 --> 01:31:25,583 >> MM-HMM. 3267 01:31:25,583 --> 01:31:29,276 >> AND, UH, YOU WENT TO 28.2. 3268 01:31:29,276 --> 01:31:30,657 AND THAT'S EATING A LOT OF JUNK. 3269 01:31:30,657 --> 01:31:34,730 >> MM-HMM. 3270 01:31:34,730 --> 01:31:36,974 >> SO, YOU -- I BELIEVE YOU'VE 3271 01:31:36,974 --> 01:31:38,838 PROVED YOUR POINT. 3272 01:31:38,838 --> 01:31:41,979 SEE, BUT YOU DID IT WITH AN EYE 3273 01:31:41,979 --> 01:31:43,187 TOWARDS AN END. 3274 01:31:43,187 --> 01:31:44,153 >> MM-HMM. 3275 01:31:44,153 --> 01:31:44,637 >> OKAY? 3276 01:31:44,637 --> 01:31:45,914 YOU HAD AN IDEA WHAT YOU WERE 3277 01:31:45,914 --> 01:31:46,328 DOING. 3278 01:31:46,328 --> 01:31:47,605 YOU KNEW WHAT YOU WERE DOING, 3279 01:31:47,605 --> 01:31:48,917 AND IN SPITE OF THAT, YOU WERE 3280 01:31:48,917 --> 01:31:49,883 ABLE TO DO SOMETHING. 3281 01:31:49,883 --> 01:31:51,471 I'M IMPRESSED. 3282 01:31:51,471 --> 01:31:52,990 AND I WOULD AGREE WITH YOU. 3283 01:31:52,990 --> 01:31:54,612 THERE'S MORE TO IT THAN JUST, 3284 01:31:54,612 --> 01:31:57,408 YOU KNOW, NO FAST FOOD. 3285 01:31:57,408 --> 01:31:58,443 >> DO YOU EVER WAKE UP IN THE 3286 01:31:58,443 --> 01:31:59,375 MIDDLE OF THE NIGHT AND GO, 3287 01:31:59,375 --> 01:32:00,411 "CHEESEBURGER, CHEESEBURGER"? 3288 01:32:00,411 --> 01:32:01,481 >> YEAH, EVERY NIGHT -- ALMOST 3289 01:32:01,481 --> 01:32:01,964 EVERY NIGHT. 3290 01:32:01,964 --> 01:32:03,000 I GET, LIKE, THE SHAKES AND 3291 01:32:03,000 --> 01:32:04,173 WITHDRAWALS, THEN I START, LIKE, 3292 01:32:04,173 --> 01:32:04,795 HITTING PEOPLE. 3293 01:32:04,795 --> 01:32:05,520 >> I'VE DONE THAT. 3294 01:32:05,520 --> 01:32:06,693 >> I NEED CHICKEN NUGGETS OR -- 3295 01:32:06,693 --> 01:32:07,867 >> NOW, SEE, I THOUGHT I WAS THE 3296 01:32:07,867 --> 01:32:08,350 ONLY ONE. 3297 01:32:08,350 --> 01:32:08,868 >> YEAH. NO. 3298 01:32:08,868 --> 01:32:10,352 >> DON'T GET ME WRONG. 3299 01:32:10,352 --> 01:32:12,285 A FAST-FOOD DIET IS NOT A GOOD 3300 01:32:12,285 --> 01:32:12,803 DIET. 3301 01:32:12,803 --> 01:32:14,770 A GOOD DIET WOULD INCLUDE A LOT 3302 01:32:14,770 --> 01:32:16,531 MORE FRUITS AND VEGETABLES. 3303 01:32:16,531 --> 01:32:18,498 BUT IF I CAN EAT FAST FOOD EVERY 3304 01:32:18,498 --> 01:32:20,051 MEAL FOR 28 DAYS AND LOSE 3305 01:32:20,051 --> 01:32:21,777 WEIGHT, THEN MOST PEOPLE CAN 3306 01:32:21,777 --> 01:32:23,572 CERTAINLY EAT FAST FOOD A FEW 3307 01:32:23,572 --> 01:32:25,367 TIMES A WEEK WITHOUT BECOMING 3308 01:32:25,367 --> 01:32:26,264 OBESE. 3309 01:32:26,264 --> 01:32:27,852 I WAS HAPPY TO LOSE THE 12 3310 01:32:27,852 --> 01:32:29,440 POUNDS, BUT I WASN'T QUITE 3311 01:32:29,440 --> 01:32:30,717 FINISHED WITH DIETS. 3312 01:32:30,717 --> 01:32:32,477 WHILE RESEARCHING THIS FILM, I 3313 01:32:32,477 --> 01:32:34,272 WAS SURPRISED TO LEARN THAT THE 3314 01:32:34,272 --> 01:32:36,102 LIPID HYPOTHESIS MIGHT BE A LOAD 3315 01:32:36,102 --> 01:32:36,896 OF BALONEY. 3316 01:32:36,896 --> 01:32:38,863 SO, WITH A LITTLE ENCOURAGEMENT 3317 01:32:38,863 --> 01:32:40,727 FROM DR. EADES, I DECIDED TO 3318 01:32:40,727 --> 01:32:42,660 CONDUCT A ONE-MAN EXPERIMENT. 3319 01:32:42,660 --> 01:32:44,662 FOR A SOLID MONTH, I CUT ALL THE 3320 01:32:44,662 --> 01:32:46,664 SUGAR AND STARCH OUT OF MY DIET, 3321 01:32:46,664 --> 01:32:48,528 AND I WENT ON A SATURATED-FAT 3322 01:32:48,528 --> 01:32:49,425 PIG-OUT. 3323 01:32:49,425 --> 01:32:51,013 FOR BREAKFAST, I ATE TWO OR 3324 01:32:51,013 --> 01:32:52,877 THREE EGGS FRIED IN BUTTER EVERY 3325 01:32:52,877 --> 01:32:54,465 DAY, WITH PLENTY OF BACON. 3326 01:32:54,465 --> 01:32:55,915 WHEN I WAS TRAVELING, I ATE 3327 01:32:55,915 --> 01:32:57,468 SAUSAGE McMUFFINS WITHOUT THE 3328 01:32:57,468 --> 01:32:58,573 MUFFINS. 3329 01:32:58,573 --> 01:33:00,436 FOR LUNCH, I HAD CHEESEBURGERS 3330 01:33:00,436 --> 01:33:02,024 WITHOUT BUNS, COVERED WITH 3331 01:33:02,024 --> 01:33:03,957 PLENTY OF ONIONS FRIED IN -- YOU 3332 01:33:03,957 --> 01:33:05,580 GUESSED IT -- COCONUT OIL. 3333 01:33:05,580 --> 01:33:07,685 FOR DINNER, I HAD NICELY MARBLED 3334 01:33:07,685 --> 01:33:09,480 STEAKS OR POLISH SAUSAGES. 3335 01:33:09,480 --> 01:33:11,516 MY FAVORITE SNACK WAS SHREDDED 3336 01:33:11,516 --> 01:33:13,449 CHEESE FRIED IN COCONUT OIL. 3337 01:33:13,449 --> 01:33:15,106 I ALSO ATE PLENTY OF FRUIT 3338 01:33:15,106 --> 01:33:16,832 COVERED WITH HEAVY CREAM AND 3339 01:33:16,832 --> 01:33:18,420 LOTS OF GREEN VEGETABLES 3340 01:33:18,420 --> 01:33:20,318 PRACTICALLY SWIMMING IN BUTTER. 3341 01:33:20,318 --> 01:33:21,975 DURING THAT SAME MONTH, I HAD A 3342 01:33:21,975 --> 01:33:23,598 BIG PROGRAMMING PROJECT WITH A 3343 01:33:23,598 --> 01:33:25,289 TIGHT DEADLINE, SO I SPENT A LOT 3344 01:33:25,289 --> 01:33:26,946 OF NIGHTS WORKING UNTIL 2:00 IN 3345 01:33:26,946 --> 01:33:28,085 THE MORNING. 3346 01:33:28,085 --> 01:33:29,880 BUT I NEVER FELT EXHAUSTED. 3347 01:33:29,880 --> 01:33:31,847 IN FACT, MY ENERGY AND MY MOOD 3348 01:33:31,847 --> 01:33:33,159 WERE GREAT. 3349 01:33:33,159 --> 01:33:34,885 AT THE END OF THAT MONTH, I HAD 3350 01:33:34,885 --> 01:33:36,576 YET ANOTHER CHOLESTEROL TEST. 3351 01:33:36,576 --> 01:33:37,957 THE RESULTS? 3352 01:33:37,957 --> 01:33:40,028 WELL, LET'S JUST SAY SOMEBODY 3353 01:33:40,028 --> 01:33:41,926 HAS SOME EXPLAINING TO DO. 3354 01:33:41,926 --> 01:33:44,273 MY OVERALL CHOLESTEROL DROPPED, 3355 01:33:44,273 --> 01:33:45,792 AND MY HDL SHOT UP. 3356 01:33:45,792 --> 01:33:47,138 THE EXPERTS WHO THINK 3357 01:33:47,138 --> 01:33:49,037 CHOLESTEROL IS IMPORTANT TELL US 3358 01:33:49,037 --> 01:33:50,866 TO WATCH OUR CHOLESTEROL RATIO, 3359 01:33:50,866 --> 01:33:52,627 WHICH IS CALCULATED BY DIVIDING 3360 01:33:52,627 --> 01:33:54,249 YOUR TOTAL CHOLESTEROL BY YOUR 3361 01:33:54,249 --> 01:33:55,491 HDL. 3362 01:33:55,491 --> 01:33:57,355 AFTER A SOLID MONTH OF EATING 3363 01:33:57,355 --> 01:33:59,219 EVERYTHING THE EXPERTS SAY IS 3364 01:33:59,219 --> 01:34:00,704 BAD FOR YOUR HEART, MY 3365 01:34:00,704 --> 01:34:02,533 CHOLESTEROL RATIO DROPPED TO 3366 01:34:02,533 --> 01:34:04,052 3.27. 3367 01:34:04,052 --> 01:34:06,779 ACCORDING TO THE EXPERTS, THAT'S 3368 01:34:06,779 --> 01:34:08,021 OUTSTANDING. 3369 01:34:08,021 --> 01:34:09,851 WHEN I THINK OF ALL THE TIMES I 3370 01:34:09,851 --> 01:34:11,749 HAD LOW-FAT CEREAL WHEN I REALLY 3371 01:34:11,749 --> 01:34:13,406 WANTED BACON AND EGGS, OR A 3372 01:34:13,406 --> 01:34:15,166 SKINLESS CHICKEN BREAST WHEN I 3373 01:34:15,166 --> 01:34:16,858 REALLY WANTED A JUICY STEAK, 3374 01:34:16,858 --> 01:34:19,792 WELL, IT KIND OF PISSES ME OFF. 3375 01:34:19,792 --> 01:34:21,517 SO, LET'S REVIEW. 3376 01:34:21,517 --> 01:34:23,209 WHO TOLD AMERICANS TO AVOID 3377 01:34:23,209 --> 01:34:25,038 SATURATED FATS, WHICH MAKE YOU 3378 01:34:25,038 --> 01:34:26,833 FEEL FULL AND HAPPY AND DON'T 3379 01:34:26,833 --> 01:34:28,801 SPIKE YOUR BLOOD SUGAR, AND TOLD 3380 01:34:28,801 --> 01:34:30,699 US INSTEAD TO EAT LOTS AND LOTS 3381 01:34:30,699 --> 01:34:32,425 OF CARBOHYDRATES, WHICH DO SPIKE 3382 01:34:32,425 --> 01:34:33,978 YOUR BLOOD SUGAR AND MAKE YOU 3383 01:34:33,978 --> 01:34:35,635 HUNGRY AGAIN SOON AFTER EATING 3384 01:34:35,635 --> 01:34:36,463 THEM? 3385 01:34:36,463 --> 01:34:38,017 YOUR GOVERNMENT. 3386 01:34:38,017 --> 01:34:39,604 WHO CUT FUNDING FOR P.E. 3387 01:34:39,604 --> 01:34:41,572 PROGRAMS AND EVEN, ACCORDING TO 3388 01:34:41,572 --> 01:34:43,401 JOHN BANZHAF, DOESN'T PROVIDE 3389 01:34:43,401 --> 01:34:45,093 ENOUGH PLAYGROUNDS IN MANY 3390 01:34:45,093 --> 01:34:45,680 AREAS? 3391 01:34:45,680 --> 01:34:47,026 YOUR GOVERNMENT. 3392 01:34:47,026 --> 01:34:48,786 WHO PUSHED TRANS FATS INTO THE 3393 01:34:48,786 --> 01:34:50,443 FAST-FOOD RESTAURANTS RIGHT 3394 01:34:50,443 --> 01:34:52,238 AROUND THE TIME MORE AMERICANS 3395 01:34:52,238 --> 01:34:53,618 WERE EATING FAST FOOD? 3396 01:34:53,618 --> 01:34:56,242 THE GUY FROM CSPI! 3397 01:34:56,242 --> 01:34:57,830 SO, WHO DOES MORGAN SPURLOCK 3398 01:34:57,830 --> 01:34:59,383 BLAME FOR AMERICA'S GROWING 3399 01:34:59,383 --> 01:35:02,041 WAISTLINE? 3400 01:35:02,041 --> 01:35:03,870 RONALD McDONALD. 3401 01:35:03,870 --> 01:35:05,700 AND WHO DO THE FOOD EVANGELISTS 3402 01:35:05,700 --> 01:35:07,494 WANT TO SWOOP IN AND SOLVE THIS 3403 01:35:07,494 --> 01:35:08,219 PROBLEM? 3404 01:35:08,219 --> 01:35:09,531 [ BOING! ] 3405 01:35:09,531 --> 01:35:11,395 YOUR GOVERNMENT. 3406 01:35:11,395 --> 01:35:12,879 >> THAT REMINDS ME THAT THE ONLY 3407 01:35:12,879 --> 01:35:14,260 SAVING GRACE OF GOVERNMENT IS 3408 01:35:14,260 --> 01:35:15,468 THAT THEY'RE INCOMPETENT, 3409 01:35:15,468 --> 01:35:16,814 BECAUSE IF THEY COULD DO WHAT 3410 01:35:16,814 --> 01:35:18,298 THEY REALLY WANTED, IT WOULD BE 3411 01:35:18,298 --> 01:35:19,437 HORRIBLE FOR ALL OF US. 3412 01:35:19,437 --> 01:35:21,094 >> AND NOW FOR THE ONE QUESTION 3413 01:35:21,094 --> 01:35:22,233 THAT REALLY MATTERS. 3414 01:35:22,233 --> 01:35:24,028 WHO DECIDES TO DRINK 44-OUNCE 3415 01:35:24,028 --> 01:35:25,720 SODAS AND EAT BIG BOWLS OF 3416 01:35:25,720 --> 01:35:27,583 SUGARY CEREAL AND LARGE ORDERS 3417 01:35:27,583 --> 01:35:29,378 OF FRIES, AND THEN GO HOME AND 3418 01:35:29,378 --> 01:35:31,242 SIT IN FRONT OF THE TV AND EAT 3419 01:35:31,242 --> 01:35:32,865 MORE SUGAR AND MORE STARCH 3420 01:35:32,865 --> 01:35:34,798 INSTEAD OF TAKING UP A SPORT OR 3421 01:35:34,798 --> 01:35:37,179 JUST GOING FOR A LONG WALK? 3422 01:35:37,179 --> 01:35:38,802 YOU DO. 3423 01:35:38,802 --> 01:35:42,288 AND IF THAT'S YOUR CHOICE... 3424 01:35:42,288 --> 01:35:44,255 >> SO IT IS -- AND I THINK, FOR 3425 01:35:44,255 --> 01:35:46,223 THE MOST PART -- A VERY SINCERE 3426 01:35:46,223 --> 01:35:49,191 BLINDNESS... 3427 01:35:49,191 --> 01:35:52,298 TO THE POSSIBILITY THAT OTHER 3428 01:35:52,298 --> 01:35:54,610 PEOPLE MIGHT JUST HAVE DIFFERENT 3429 01:35:54,610 --> 01:35:56,060 VALUES AND PREFERENCES THAN THEY 3430 01:35:56,060 --> 01:35:56,889 DO... 3431 01:35:56,889 --> 01:35:57,993 >> I LOVE HAMBURGERS. 3432 01:35:57,993 --> 01:35:59,339 I LOVE FRENCH FRIES. 3433 01:35:59,339 --> 01:35:59,892 I LOVE COKE. 3434 01:35:59,892 --> 01:36:00,789 I LOVE TO GO IN THERE. 3435 01:36:00,789 --> 01:36:01,928 AND YOU KNOW, THERE ARE TIMES 3436 01:36:01,928 --> 01:36:02,998 WHEN I EAT THESE MEALS, EVEN 3437 01:36:02,998 --> 01:36:04,172 THOUGH I KNOW THAT THIS IS NOT 3438 01:36:04,172 --> 01:36:05,414 THE HEALTHIEST FOOD FOR ME TO BE 3439 01:36:05,414 --> 01:36:05,967 EATING. 3440 01:36:05,967 --> 01:36:07,347 >> ...AND THAT, IN A FREE 3441 01:36:07,347 --> 01:36:08,555 SOCIETY, THAT'S OKAY. 3442 01:36:08,555 --> 01:36:10,626 YOU KNOW, IT'S ALL RIGHT. 3443 01:36:10,626 --> 01:36:12,111 >> ♪ WELL, I'M LYSINE, BROMIDE, 3444 01:36:12,111 --> 01:36:12,594 VAR-- ♪ 3445 01:36:12,594 --> 01:36:13,837 [ RECORD SCRATCHES ] 3446 01:36:13,837 --> 01:36:14,941 >> WAIT A MINUTE. 3447 01:36:14,941 --> 01:36:16,598 THAT WAS THREE YEARS AGO, SO 3448 01:36:16,598 --> 01:36:18,151 LET'S DO SOME CATCHING UP. 3449 01:36:18,151 --> 01:36:19,843 BY THE TIME I FINISHED MAKING 3450 01:36:19,843 --> 01:36:21,258 THIS DOCUMENTARY, I WAS 3451 01:36:21,258 --> 01:36:22,984 FASCINATED WITH NUTRITION AND 3452 01:36:22,984 --> 01:36:24,226 HEALTH, SO I KEPT ON 3453 01:36:24,226 --> 01:36:25,089 RESEARCHING. 3454 01:36:25,089 --> 01:36:26,642 I'VE READ DOZENS OF BOOKS AND 3455 01:36:26,642 --> 01:36:28,127 HUNDREDS OF STUDIES, AND I'VE 3456 01:36:28,127 --> 01:36:29,645 INTERVIEWED QUITE A FEW MORE 3457 01:36:29,645 --> 01:36:31,233 DOCTORS AND RESEARCHERS WHO SAY 3458 01:36:31,233 --> 01:36:33,580 THE LOW-FAT, HIGH-CARBOHYDRATE 3459 01:36:33,580 --> 01:36:35,928 DIET RECOMMENDED BY THE USDA IS 3460 01:36:35,928 --> 01:36:37,481 A LOAD OF BALONEY. 3461 01:36:37,481 --> 01:36:38,965 YES, A LOT OF THE SO-CALLED 3462 01:36:38,965 --> 01:36:40,553 EXPERTS STILL BELIEVE IN THE 3463 01:36:40,553 --> 01:36:42,072 LIPID HYPOTHESIS, BUT EVERY 3464 01:36:42,072 --> 01:36:43,590 YEAR, THERE'S MORE AND MORE 3465 01:36:43,590 --> 01:36:45,144 EVIDENCE THAT THEY'RE WRONG. 3466 01:36:45,144 --> 01:36:46,559 HERE'S WHAT ONE GROUP OF 3467 01:36:46,559 --> 01:36:48,181 RESEARCHERS HAD TO SAY AFTER 3468 01:36:48,181 --> 01:36:49,976 GOING BACK AND EXAMINING ALL THE 3469 01:36:49,976 --> 01:36:51,184 RELEVANT STUDIES. 3470 01:36:51,184 --> 01:36:53,324 THERE'S NO SIGNIFICANT EVIDENCE 3471 01:36:53,324 --> 01:36:55,188 FOR CONCLUDING THAT DIETARY 3472 01:36:55,188 --> 01:36:57,397 SATURATED FAT IS ASSOCIATED WITH 3473 01:36:57,397 --> 01:36:59,399 AN INCREASED RISK OF CORONARY 3474 01:36:59,399 --> 01:37:01,539 HEART DISEASE OR CARDIOVASCULAR 3475 01:37:01,539 --> 01:37:02,713 DISEASE. 3476 01:37:02,713 --> 01:37:04,059 MEANWHILE, THERE HAVE BEEN 3477 01:37:04,059 --> 01:37:05,336 SEVERAL CLINICAL STUDIES 3478 01:37:05,336 --> 01:37:06,890 COMPARING DIETS THAT ARE LOW IN 3479 01:37:06,890 --> 01:37:08,512 CARBOHYDRATES VERSUS DIETS THAT 3480 01:37:08,512 --> 01:37:09,927 ARE LOW IN BOTH CALORIES AND 3481 01:37:09,927 --> 01:37:10,479 FAT. 3482 01:37:10,479 --> 01:37:11,618 AND GUESS WHAT. 3483 01:37:11,618 --> 01:37:13,724 THE LOW-CARBOHYDRATE DIETS KEEP 3484 01:37:13,724 --> 01:37:15,036 COMING OUT ON TOP. 3485 01:37:15,036 --> 01:37:16,934 PEOPLE NOT ONLY LOSE MORE WEIGHT 3486 01:37:16,934 --> 01:37:18,798 WITHOUT COUNTING CALORIES, THEY 3487 01:37:18,798 --> 01:37:20,627 ALSO IMPROVE THEIR RISK FACTORS 3488 01:37:20,627 --> 01:37:22,457 FOR HEART DISEASE AND METABOLIC 3489 01:37:22,457 --> 01:37:24,735 SYNDROME MORE THAN PEOPLE WHO GO 3490 01:37:24,735 --> 01:37:26,047 ON LOW-FAT DIETS. 3491 01:37:26,047 --> 01:37:27,980 AS A RESULT, MORE DOCTORS AND 3492 01:37:27,980 --> 01:37:30,051 SCIENTISTS ARE COMING AROUND TO 3493 01:37:30,051 --> 01:37:32,053 THE SAME CONCLUSION -- DIETARY 3494 01:37:32,053 --> 01:37:34,227 FAT WAS NEVER THE PROBLEM. 3495 01:37:34,227 --> 01:37:36,678 THE PROBLEM IS TOO MANY REFINED 3496 01:37:36,678 --> 01:37:38,197 CARBOHYDRATES. 3497 01:37:38,197 --> 01:37:39,819 AND THAT MESSAGE IS FINALLY 3498 01:37:39,819 --> 01:37:41,372 STARTING TO SHOW UP IN THE 3499 01:37:41,372 --> 01:37:43,996 MAINSTREAM MEDIA. 3500 01:37:43,996 --> 01:37:45,618 SO, AM I STILL ON A LOW-CARB 3501 01:37:45,618 --> 01:37:46,067 DIET? 3502 01:37:46,067 --> 01:37:48,345 YES, BUT WITH SOME IMPORTANT 3503 01:37:48,345 --> 01:37:49,242 CHANGES. 3504 01:37:49,242 --> 01:37:51,106 WHEN I WAS SHOOTING "FAT HEAD," 3505 01:37:51,106 --> 01:37:53,005 MY MAIN FOCUS WAS ON LIMITING MY 3506 01:37:53,005 --> 01:37:54,696 CARBOHYDRATES TO AROUND 100 3507 01:37:54,696 --> 01:37:55,662 GRAMS PER DAY. 3508 01:37:55,662 --> 01:37:57,319 SO IF I COULD EAT A HAMBURGER 3509 01:37:57,319 --> 01:37:59,149 BUN OR SOME FRIED-CHICKEN STRIPS 3510 01:37:59,149 --> 01:38:00,875 WITHOUT GOING OVER THE LIMIT, 3511 01:38:00,875 --> 01:38:02,186 THAT WAS OKAY WITH ME. 3512 01:38:02,186 --> 01:38:03,567 AND FOR SOME TIME AFTER 3513 01:38:03,567 --> 01:38:04,913 FINISHING "FAT HEAD," I 3514 01:38:04,913 --> 01:38:06,777 CONTINUED EATING WHAT I NOW CALL 3515 01:38:06,777 --> 01:38:08,399 LOW-CARB JUNK FOODS -- 3516 01:38:08,399 --> 01:38:09,884 LOW-CARB BREAD, LOW-CARB 3517 01:38:09,884 --> 01:38:11,644 ICE CREAM, LOW-CARB PASTA, 3518 01:38:11,644 --> 01:38:13,370 LOW-CARB DESSERT BARS, AND 3519 01:38:13,370 --> 01:38:14,095 SO ON. 3520 01:38:14,095 --> 01:38:16,028 WELL, NOT ANYMORE. 3521 01:38:16,028 --> 01:38:17,581 IN THE PAST COUPLE OF YEARS, 3522 01:38:17,581 --> 01:38:19,272 I'VE BECOME AWARE OF RESEARCHERS 3523 01:38:19,272 --> 01:38:20,825 AND AUTHORS WHO PROMOTE WHAT 3524 01:38:20,825 --> 01:38:22,379 THEY CALL A PRIMAL DIET, OR A 3525 01:38:22,379 --> 01:38:23,863 PALEO DIET. 3526 01:38:23,863 --> 01:38:25,830 THE IDEA BEHIND THESE DIETS IS 3527 01:38:25,830 --> 01:38:27,902 BASED ON EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY. 3528 01:38:27,902 --> 01:38:29,973 AND IN A NUTSHELL, IT GOES LIKE 3529 01:38:29,973 --> 01:38:30,594 THIS. 3530 01:38:30,594 --> 01:38:32,561 YES, YOU MAY TALK ON A CELLPHONE 3531 01:38:32,561 --> 01:38:34,253 AND SURF THE INTERNET, BUT, 3532 01:38:34,253 --> 01:38:35,910 GENETICALLY, YOU'RE ALMOST 3533 01:38:35,910 --> 01:38:37,877 EXACTLY THE SAME AS YOUR CAVEMAN 3534 01:38:37,877 --> 01:38:38,671 ANCESTORS. 3535 01:38:38,671 --> 01:38:40,259 WHEN YOU EAT MODERN PROCESSED 3536 01:38:40,259 --> 01:38:41,950 FOODS THAT YOUR ANCESTORS NEVER 3537 01:38:41,950 --> 01:38:43,710 WOULD HAVE EATEN, THERE'S A GOOD 3538 01:38:43,710 --> 01:38:45,436 CHANCE THOSE FOODS WILL MAKE YOU 3539 01:38:45,436 --> 01:38:47,197 SICK, BECAUSE, GENETICALLY, 3540 01:38:47,197 --> 01:38:49,268 WE'RE JUST NOT ADAPTED TO EATING 3541 01:38:49,268 --> 01:38:49,854 THEM. 3542 01:38:49,854 --> 01:38:51,477 AND BESIDES SUGAR, ONE OF THE 3543 01:38:51,477 --> 01:38:53,099 MOST MODERN AND MOST DAMAGING 3544 01:38:53,099 --> 01:38:56,516 FOODS WE CONSUME TODAY IS WHEAT. 3545 01:38:56,516 --> 01:38:58,173 >> WHAT WE HAVE TODAY CALLED 3546 01:38:58,173 --> 01:39:00,072 WHEAT IS NOT WHAT WE THINK OF -- 3547 01:39:00,072 --> 01:39:01,418 THAT IS, THIS 4 1/2-, 3548 01:39:01,418 --> 01:39:03,316 5-FOOT-TALL PLANT THAT STANDS UP 3549 01:39:03,316 --> 01:39:04,973 TO YOUR SHOULDERS ON A GROWN 3550 01:39:04,973 --> 01:39:05,801 ADULT. 3551 01:39:05,801 --> 01:39:08,735 IT IS A 2-FOOT-TALL, SHORT, 3552 01:39:08,735 --> 01:39:11,359 STOCKY PLANT THAT HAS A VERY 3553 01:39:11,359 --> 01:39:13,740 LARGE SEEDHEAD, A VERY THICK 3554 01:39:13,740 --> 01:39:16,260 STALK, BUT YIELDS ABOUT TENFOLD 3555 01:39:16,260 --> 01:39:17,641 MORE PER ACRE. 3556 01:39:17,641 --> 01:39:19,401 SO, THIS WAS INTRODUCED IN THE 3557 01:39:19,401 --> 01:39:19,850 '70s. 3558 01:39:19,850 --> 01:39:20,989 IT CAUGHT ON GRADUALLY. 3559 01:39:20,989 --> 01:39:22,301 MANY FARMERS, BY THE WAY, 3560 01:39:22,301 --> 01:39:23,854 THOUGHT THIS THING LOOKED WEIRD 3561 01:39:23,854 --> 01:39:25,269 AND DIDN'T WANT TO GROW IT IN 3562 01:39:25,269 --> 01:39:26,477 THE LATE '70s. 3563 01:39:26,477 --> 01:39:28,721 BUT ONCE THEY SAW THE INCREDIBLE 3564 01:39:28,721 --> 01:39:30,895 INCREASE IN YIELD, THEY RAPIDLY 3565 01:39:30,895 --> 01:39:33,001 EMBRACED IT IN THE EARLY '80s, 3566 01:39:33,001 --> 01:39:36,004 SUCH THAT, BY 1985, WHEN YOU 3567 01:39:36,004 --> 01:39:37,764 WENT TO THE GROCERY STORE AND 3568 01:39:37,764 --> 01:39:39,456 BOUGHT BREAD, COOKIES, CAKES, 3569 01:39:39,456 --> 01:39:41,251 PRETZELS, CRACKERS -- ANYTHING 3570 01:39:41,251 --> 01:39:43,011 MADE OF WHEAT -- VIRTUALLY ALL 3571 01:39:43,011 --> 01:39:44,909 OF IT CAME FROM THIS HIGH-YIELD, 3572 01:39:44,909 --> 01:39:47,774 SEMI-DWARF STRAIN. 3573 01:39:47,774 --> 01:39:49,259 >> OKAY, SO TODAY'S WHEAT ISN'T 3574 01:39:49,259 --> 01:39:50,743 THE SAME AS YOUR GRANDMOTHER'S 3575 01:39:50,743 --> 01:39:51,537 WHEAT. 3576 01:39:51,537 --> 01:39:52,779 SO WHAT? 3577 01:39:52,779 --> 01:39:54,954 >> YOU CANNOT CHANGE A PLANT TO 3578 01:39:54,954 --> 01:39:57,163 THIS INCREDIBLE DEGREE, OFTEN 3579 01:39:57,163 --> 01:39:59,131 USING BIZARRE AND EXTREME 3580 01:39:59,131 --> 01:40:01,581 TECHNIQUES, WITHOUT CHANGING ITS 3581 01:40:01,581 --> 01:40:03,411 UNDERLYING GENETICS AND 3582 01:40:03,411 --> 01:40:04,619 BIOCHEMISTRY. 3583 01:40:04,619 --> 01:40:06,552 WE KNOW THAT MULTIPLE PROTEINS 3584 01:40:06,552 --> 01:40:08,105 IN WHEAT -- THE GLIADIN 3585 01:40:08,105 --> 01:40:10,038 PROTEINS, THE GLUTEN PROTEINS, 3586 01:40:10,038 --> 01:40:11,936 THE LECTIN PROTEINS, PROBABLY 3587 01:40:11,936 --> 01:40:13,559 THE GLUTENIN PROTEINS -- THERE 3588 01:40:13,559 --> 01:40:15,078 ARE A WHOLE LONG LIST OF NEW 3589 01:40:15,078 --> 01:40:16,355 PROTEINS THAT ARE JUST 3590 01:40:16,355 --> 01:40:17,873 DIFFERENT, PERHAPS BY A FEW 3591 01:40:17,873 --> 01:40:19,151 AMINO ACIDS, BUT AS ANY 3592 01:40:19,151 --> 01:40:20,876 ALLERGIST WILL TELL YOU, IT JUST 3593 01:40:20,876 --> 01:40:22,326 TAKES A SHIFT OF A COUPLE, 3594 01:40:22,326 --> 01:40:24,018 THREE, A HANDFUL OF AMINO ACIDS 3595 01:40:24,018 --> 01:40:25,847 IN A PROTEIN, AND IT CAN MAKE A 3596 01:40:25,847 --> 01:40:27,642 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NO REACTION 3597 01:40:27,642 --> 01:40:28,988 AND A FATAL REACTION. 3598 01:40:28,988 --> 01:40:30,472 SO WE KNOW THAT THERE HAVE BEEN 3599 01:40:30,472 --> 01:40:31,887 EXTENSIVE CHANGES INTRODUCED 3600 01:40:31,887 --> 01:40:33,027 INTO THE WHEAT PLANT. 3601 01:40:33,027 --> 01:40:34,752 NOW WE'RE SEEING THE DOWNSTREAM 3602 01:40:34,752 --> 01:40:35,546 CONSEQUENCE. 3603 01:40:35,546 --> 01:40:37,100 WE'RE SEEING THIS INCREDIBLE 3604 01:40:37,100 --> 01:40:38,549 SURGE IN DISEASES. 3605 01:40:38,549 --> 01:40:39,999 I WOULDN'T HAVE EVEN THOUGHT TO 3606 01:40:39,999 --> 01:40:41,380 PUT TWO AND TWO TOGETHER UNTIL 3607 01:40:41,380 --> 01:40:42,691 WE SAW WHAT HAPPENED WHEN WE 3608 01:40:42,691 --> 01:40:44,624 TOOK WHEAT OUT OF THE DIET. 3609 01:40:44,624 --> 01:40:46,178 >> WHEN I STOPPED EATING WHEAT 3610 01:40:46,178 --> 01:40:47,558 AND OTHER GRAINS, I WAVED 3611 01:40:47,558 --> 01:40:49,008 GOODBYE TO SEVERAL ANNOYING 3612 01:40:49,008 --> 01:40:50,354 HEALTH PROBLEMS. 3613 01:40:50,354 --> 01:40:52,115 SO I'M STILL ON A LOW-CARB DIET, 3614 01:40:52,115 --> 01:40:53,702 BUT IT'S A DIET BASED ON 3615 01:40:53,702 --> 01:40:55,980 UNPROCESSED, WHOLE FOODS -- 3616 01:40:55,980 --> 01:40:58,224 MEATS, EGGS, SEAFOOD, FRUITS, 3617 01:40:58,224 --> 01:40:59,881 VEGETABLES, AND NUTS, WITH A 3618 01:40:59,881 --> 01:41:01,572 LITTLE BIT OF FULL-FAT DAIRY. 3619 01:41:01,572 --> 01:41:03,471 I ONLY EAT FAST FOOD ON RARE 3620 01:41:03,471 --> 01:41:05,611 OCCASIONS, AND WHEN I DO, I SKIP 3621 01:41:05,611 --> 01:41:07,647 THE HAMBURGER BUNS COMPLETELY. 3622 01:41:07,647 --> 01:41:10,581 MY LIFESTYLE HAS ALSO CHANGED. 3623 01:41:10,581 --> 01:41:12,273 WHEN I WAS MAKING "FAT HEAD," I 3624 01:41:12,273 --> 01:41:13,895 LIVED IN BURBANK, CALIFORNIA, 3625 01:41:13,895 --> 01:41:15,793 RIGHT NEXT TO LOS ANGELES. 3626 01:41:15,793 --> 01:41:17,347 WHEN MY DAUGHTERS STARTED 3627 01:41:17,347 --> 01:41:18,900 SCHOOL, I ASKED MYSELF A 3628 01:41:18,900 --> 01:41:19,625 QUESTION. 3629 01:41:19,625 --> 01:41:21,868 DO I WANT MY KIDS TO GROW UP TO 3630 01:41:21,868 --> 01:41:23,007 BE L.A. KIDS? 3631 01:41:23,007 --> 01:41:25,286 WOULD I WANT TO GROW UP HERE? 3632 01:41:25,286 --> 01:41:27,184 SO WE MOVED ACROSS THE COUNTRY 3633 01:41:27,184 --> 01:41:29,186 TO A SMALL TOWN IN TENNESSEE AND 3634 01:41:29,186 --> 01:41:31,154 EVENTUALLY BOUGHT A SMALL FARM. 3635 01:41:31,154 --> 01:41:33,087 WE'VE STARTED RAISING MORE OF 3636 01:41:33,087 --> 01:41:34,985 OUR OWN FOOD, AND WE SHOP FOR 3637 01:41:34,985 --> 01:41:36,676 EGGS IN OUR OWN HENHOUSE. 3638 01:41:36,676 --> 01:41:38,954 THE EGGS ARE DELICIOUS. 3639 01:41:38,954 --> 01:41:40,749 BOTH OF MY DAUGHTERS LIVE ON 3640 01:41:40,749 --> 01:41:42,648 DIETS THAT ARE HIGH IN FAT AND 3641 01:41:42,648 --> 01:41:44,650 RELATIVELY LOW IN CARBOHYDRATES. 3642 01:41:44,650 --> 01:41:46,548 OF COURSE, THAT MEANS WE'RE 3643 01:41:46,548 --> 01:41:48,723 FEEDING THEM ALMOST EXACTLY THE 3644 01:41:48,723 --> 01:41:50,932 OPPOSITE OF THE DIET RECOMMENDED 3645 01:41:50,932 --> 01:41:51,933 BY THE USDA. 3646 01:41:51,933 --> 01:41:53,452 THE RESULT? 3647 01:41:53,452 --> 01:41:55,385 BOTH OF MY GIRLS ARE LEAN AND 3648 01:41:55,385 --> 01:41:57,283 STRONG AND ENERGETIC, THEY'RE 3649 01:41:57,283 --> 01:41:59,251 ALMOST NEVER SICK, AND THEY'VE 3650 01:41:59,251 --> 01:42:01,045 NEVER HAD A SINGLE CAVITY. 3651 01:42:01,045 --> 01:42:02,978 AND THEY SOMEHOW MANAGE TO GET 3652 01:42:02,978 --> 01:42:04,773 STRAIGHT A's IN SCHOOL, EVEN 3653 01:42:04,773 --> 01:42:06,810 THOUGH THE EXPERTS SAY KIDS NEED 3654 01:42:06,810 --> 01:42:08,674 LOTS OF CARBOHYDRATES TO FUEL 3655 01:42:08,674 --> 01:42:10,089 THEIR BRAINS. 3656 01:42:10,089 --> 01:42:11,711 I DON'T GO FOR LONG WALKS AT 3657 01:42:11,711 --> 01:42:13,541 NIGHT ANYMORE BECAUSE, FRANKLY, 3658 01:42:13,541 --> 01:42:15,336 I'M AFRAID, IF I WALK AROUND OUR 3659 01:42:15,336 --> 01:42:16,992 FIELDS AFTER DARK, I'LL TRIP 3660 01:42:16,992 --> 01:42:18,822 OVER A ROCK OR STEP ON SOMETHING 3661 01:42:18,822 --> 01:42:20,306 WITH FANGS. 3662 01:42:20,306 --> 01:42:22,377 SO NOW I GET IN MY WALKING BY 3663 01:42:22,377 --> 01:42:24,310 PLAYING DISC GOLF ON MY OWN 3664 01:42:24,310 --> 01:42:24,931 LAND. 3665 01:42:24,931 --> 01:42:26,416 MY DAUGHTER SARA IS GETTING 3666 01:42:26,416 --> 01:42:27,969 PRETTY GOOD AT THE GAME, AND 3667 01:42:27,969 --> 01:42:30,144 I'M, UH, NOT BAD. 3668 01:42:30,144 --> 01:42:31,938 I ALSO GO TO A GYM ONCE A WEEK 3669 01:42:31,938 --> 01:42:33,457 AND LIFT WEIGHTS, USING A 3670 01:42:33,457 --> 01:42:35,114 SLOW-MOTION TRAINING METHOD 3671 01:42:35,114 --> 01:42:36,667 RECOMMENDED BY PEOPLE LIKE 3672 01:42:36,667 --> 01:42:38,773 FITNESS TRAINER FRED HAHN AND 3673 01:42:38,773 --> 01:42:40,499 DR. DOUG McGUFF. 3674 01:42:40,499 --> 01:42:42,156 THANKS TO THE BETTER DIET AND 3675 01:42:42,156 --> 01:42:43,985 THE BETTER WORKOUTS, I'M LEANER 3676 01:42:43,985 --> 01:42:45,711 AND STRONGER THAN I'VE BEEN IN 3677 01:42:45,711 --> 01:42:46,332 DECADES. 3678 01:42:46,332 --> 01:42:48,403 I KNOW I'M NEVER GONNA WIN ANY 3679 01:42:48,403 --> 01:42:50,198 HOT-BODY COMPETITIONS, BUT 3680 01:42:50,198 --> 01:42:52,200 CONSIDERING THAT I'M 54 YEARS 3681 01:42:52,200 --> 01:42:54,237 OLD AND SPENT MOST OF MY ADULT 3682 01:42:54,237 --> 01:42:56,239 LIFE AS A FAT GUY, I'M PRETTY 3683 01:42:56,239 --> 01:42:57,723 HAPPY WHERE I ENDED UP. 3684 01:42:57,723 --> 01:42:59,449 I'VE ALSO BEEN EXTREMELY HAPPY 3685 01:42:59,449 --> 01:43:01,278 TO READ THE STORIES THAT SOME OF 3686 01:43:01,278 --> 01:43:02,728 THE PEOPLE WHO HAVE SEEN 3687 01:43:02,728 --> 01:43:04,523 "FAT HEAD" HAVE SHARED WITH ME. 3688 01:43:04,523 --> 01:43:06,249 ALMOST EVERY WEEK, I HEAR FROM 3689 01:43:06,249 --> 01:43:07,871 VIEWERS WHO TELL ME HOW THEY 3690 01:43:07,871 --> 01:43:09,700 WERE INSPIRED TO CUT WAY BACK ON 3691 01:43:09,700 --> 01:43:11,461 SUGAR AND STARCH AND GO BACK TO 3692 01:43:11,461 --> 01:43:13,152 EATING FOODS THAT ARE HIGH IN 3693 01:43:13,152 --> 01:43:15,706 SATURATED FAT -- MEATS, EGGS, 3694 01:43:15,706 --> 01:43:17,432 BUTTER, AND SO FORTH. 3695 01:43:17,432 --> 01:43:19,193 AFTER CHANGING THEIR DIETS, THEY 3696 01:43:19,193 --> 01:43:20,918 ENDED UP LOSING A LOT OF WEIGHT 3697 01:43:20,918 --> 01:43:22,644 AND DRASTICALLY IMPROVING THEIR 3698 01:43:22,644 --> 01:43:24,025 HEALTH. 3699 01:43:24,025 --> 01:43:25,820 TO BE PERFECTLY HONEST, MAKING A 3700 01:43:25,820 --> 01:43:27,373 DOCUMENTARY ON A SHOESTRING 3701 01:43:27,373 --> 01:43:29,064 BUDGET TURNED OUT TO BE A LOT 3702 01:43:29,064 --> 01:43:30,756 HARDER THAN I THOUGHT IT WOULD 3703 01:43:30,756 --> 01:43:31,343 BE. 3704 01:43:31,343 --> 01:43:32,999 BUT WHEN I SEE PICTURES LIKE 3705 01:43:32,999 --> 01:43:34,691 THESE, I KNOW IT WAS WORTH ALL 3706 01:43:34,691 --> 01:43:35,933 THE EFFORT. 3707 01:43:35,933 --> 01:43:37,625 >> ♪ WELL, I'M LYSINE, BROMIDE, 3708 01:43:37,625 --> 01:43:38,971 VARIOUS INSECTICIDES ♪ 3709 01:43:38,971 --> 01:43:40,800 ♪ BLUE DYE NUMBER 9 3710 01:43:40,800 --> 01:43:43,493 ♪ I'M 20 DIFFERENT ACIDS AND 3711 01:43:43,493 --> 01:43:45,633 13 ALKALINES ♪ 3712 01:43:45,633 --> 01:43:47,082 ♪ I'M DEXTROSE, GLYCERIN, 3713 01:43:47,082 --> 01:43:48,981 AND SACCHARINE, MONOSODIUM 3714 01:43:48,981 --> 01:43:50,085 GLUTAMATE ♪ 3715 01:43:50,085 --> 01:43:52,640 ♪ AND A COUPLE GRAMS OF OAT BRAN 3716 01:43:52,640 --> 01:43:54,711 I INGESTED BY MISTAKE ♪ 3717 01:43:54,711 --> 01:43:57,438 ♪ SO PUT ME IN A BEAKER AND 3718 01:43:57,438 --> 01:43:59,750 LET HER RUN SOME TESTS ON ME ♪ 3719 01:43:59,750 --> 01:44:02,097 ♪ WITH THE TOXINS IN MY BODY, 3720 01:44:02,097 --> 01:44:04,790 I'M A WALKING PHARMACY ♪ 3721 01:44:04,790 --> 01:44:06,930 ♪ I'M SHOPPING FOR MY COFFIN, 3722 01:44:06,930 --> 01:44:11,693 BUT DON'T SHED ME ANY TEARS ♪ 3723 01:44:11,693 --> 01:44:13,557 ♪ 'CAUSE ACCORDING TO THE 3724 01:44:13,557 --> 01:44:15,559 EXPERTS, I'VE BEEN DEAD FOR 3725 01:44:15,559 --> 01:44:18,907 SEVERAL YEARS ♪ 3726 01:44:18,907 --> 01:44:20,495 ♪ NOW, I'M PROBABLY JUST 3727 01:44:20,495 --> 01:44:24,085 A VICTIM OF MY WEAK HEREDITY ♪ 3728 01:44:24,085 --> 01:44:26,225 ♪ MY GRANDPA LOVED HIS WHISKEY, 3729 01:44:26,225 --> 01:44:28,814 CIGARETTES, AND HAM AND CHEESE ♪ 3730 01:44:28,814 --> 01:44:31,092 ♪ HE HAD BACON, EGGS, AND COFFEE 3731 01:44:31,092 --> 01:44:33,715 EVERY DAY HE WAS ALIVE ♪ 3732 01:44:33,715 --> 01:44:35,510 ♪ AND HIS DIET FINALLY KILLED 3733 01:44:35,510 --> 01:44:38,513 HIM AT THE AGE OF 95 ♪ 3734 01:44:38,513 --> 01:44:40,619 ♪ SO PUT ME IN A BEAKER AND 3735 01:44:40,619 --> 01:44:43,277 LET HER RUN SOME TESTS ON ME ♪ 3736 01:44:43,277 --> 01:44:45,382 ♪ WITH THE TOXINS IN MY BODY, 3737 01:44:45,382 --> 01:44:48,178 I'M A WALKING PHARMACY ♪ 3738 01:44:48,178 --> 01:44:50,249 ♪ I'M SHOPPING FOR MY COFFIN, 3739 01:44:50,249 --> 01:44:54,909 BUT DON'T SHED ME ANY TEARS ♪ 3740 01:44:54,909 --> 01:44:56,945 ♪ 'CAUSE ACCORDING TO THE 3741 01:44:56,945 --> 01:44:58,568 EXPERTS, I'VE BEEN DEAD FOR 3742 01:44:58,568 --> 01:45:02,503 SEVERAL YEARS ♪ 3743 01:45:02,503 --> 01:45:04,332 ♪ NOW, MY HEALTH-FOOD FRIEND WAS 3744 01:45:04,332 --> 01:45:05,333 NATURAL ♪ 3745 01:45:05,333 --> 01:45:08,094 ♪ IN HIS BODY, MIND, AND SOUL 3746 01:45:08,094 --> 01:45:10,856 ♪ HE ONLY ATE ORGANIC FOODS 3747 01:45:10,856 --> 01:45:13,203 ♪ FROM A NATURAL EARTHEN BOWL 3748 01:45:13,203 --> 01:45:15,895 ♪ BUT THERE WAS BOTULISM IN THAT 3749 01:45:15,895 --> 01:45:19,036 NATURAL GARDEN HE HAD PLOWED ♪ 3750 01:45:19,036 --> 01:45:21,936 ♪ HE DIED OF NATURAL CAUSES, AND 3751 01:45:21,936 --> 01:45:25,008 HIS FRIENDS WERE VERY PROUD ♪ 3752 01:45:25,008 --> 01:45:26,181 YOU KNOW WHAT THEY SAID AT HIS 3753 01:45:26,181 --> 01:45:27,528 FUNERAL, DON'T YOU? 3754 01:45:27,528 --> 01:45:31,911 "BOY, HE SURE LOOKS NATURAL." 3755 01:45:31,911 --> 01:45:34,051 ♪ NOW, KIM JONG-IL SOLD CHEMICAL 3756 01:45:34,051 --> 01:45:36,640 BOMBS TO HIS BUDDIES IN IRAN ♪ 3757 01:45:36,640 --> 01:45:38,332 ♪ BUT IF THEY SHOOT THEM AT OUR 3758 01:45:38,332 --> 01:45:40,610 ALLIES, BOY, WE'VE GOT A SECRET 3759 01:45:40,610 --> 01:45:41,265 PLAN ♪ 3760 01:45:41,265 --> 01:45:42,612 ♪ THEY'RE GONNA GIVE ME A BIG 3761 01:45:42,612 --> 01:45:44,890 OLD CIGAR, PUT ME IN SOME 3762 01:45:44,890 --> 01:45:46,305 BOMBER'S LOAD ♪ 3763 01:45:46,305 --> 01:45:47,824 ♪ THEN, THEY'LL LIGHT ME UP AND 3764 01:45:47,824 --> 01:45:49,481 KICK ME OUT, AND THEY'RE TOAST 3765 01:45:49,481 --> 01:45:51,137 WHEN I EXPLODE ♪ 3766 01:45:51,137 --> 01:45:55,763 [ EXPLOSION ] 3767 01:45:55,763 --> 01:45:58,041 ♪ SO PUT ME IN A BEAKER AND 3768 01:45:58,041 --> 01:46:00,630 LET HER RUN SOME TESTS ON ME ♪ 3769 01:46:00,630 --> 01:46:02,735 ♪ WITH THE TOXINS IN MY BODY, 3770 01:46:02,735 --> 01:46:05,393 I'M A WALKING PHARMACY ♪ 3771 01:46:05,393 --> 01:46:07,533 ♪ I'M SHOPPING FOR MY COFFIN, 3772 01:46:07,533 --> 01:46:12,296 BUT DON'T SHED ME ANY TEARS ♪ 3773 01:46:12,296 --> 01:46:14,126 ♪ 'CAUSE ACCORDING TO THE 3774 01:46:14,126 --> 01:46:15,990 EXPERTS, I'VE BEEN DEAD FOR 3775 01:46:15,990 --> 01:46:17,647 EXPERTS, I'VE BEEN DEAD FOR SEVERAL YEARS ♪ 231734

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