All language subtitles for 1968.The.Year.That.Changed.America.S01E03.1080p.AMZN.WEB-DL.DDP2.0.H.264-AlfaHD_Subtitles01_Unnamed.ENG

- ♪ Time has come today

all: Strike!
Strike! Strike!

- ♪ Young hearts
can go their way ♪

- The students push forward
and the police push back.

- ♪ Can't put it off
another day ♪

- That's what the cops did.

- ♪ I don't care
what others say ♪

- Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.,
assassinated

in Memphis, Tennessee.

- ♪ Time has come today

- Senator Robert
Francis Kennedy

was 42 years old.

- The enemy is no longer
closer to victory.

- ♪ Oh, the rules
have changed today ♪

- We demonstrate against
the war in Vietnam.

- ♪ Have no place to stay

- The number of men killed
last week in Vietnam

was the highest this summer.

- They are running an all-white
political party in 1968.

- ♪ My tears have
come and gone ♪

- We all need
George C. Wallace

for our President
of the United States.

- ♪ Hey! I have no home

- Vote Republican
in November.

- The peace groups
are demanding permission

to march
on Convention Hall.

- These cops here are tough.

They'd kill you
with a smile.

- ♪ Time
- As long as

I am mayor of this town,

there will be law
and order in Chicago.

- ♪ Time

- This is the moment of truth
for the Democratic Party.

- ♪ Time

- Tuesday night,
I spent my evening

at Senator Kennedy's
campaign headquarters

to celebrate his victory
in California.

Tuesday night, I was
in ecstasy with joy.

Wednesday morning,
sorrow.

And this morning,
utter despair.

Because now I'm lost.

I'm desperate.

And I don't know where
we're going from here.

- By the early summer
of 1968,

there was this ache
in the American spirit, of

"What the hell
is happening to us?"

"Is the country
coming apart at the seams?"

- No words can
really fully convey

the feeling that
I have towards

the Kennedy family in this time
of their particular tragedy,

or the feeling
that one must have

for the nation in the face of
this tragedy, this new tragedy.

- I really think McCarthy
felt a sense of guilt,

in some weird psychological
way, for this outcome,

because he has been
a very nasty campaigner.

- This is one trauma
too many.

And McCarthy

sort of gave up
after Bobby died.

Instead of pressing on,
he drifted away.

- There's one guy that offers
an opportunity

to at least try to find a way
to end the war,

and that's Gene McCarthy,
and that's why I'm here.

- McCarthy didn't want to leap
in with a bitter campaign

so soon after
Senator Kennedy had died.

But it felt deserted.

Like, just
when we need him most...

Gone.

- Senator George McGovern
of South Dakota

is said to be
announcing tomorrow

he is a candidate for
the Democratic nomination.

- George McGovern
ultimately feels that

he has to come in
and declare for the Presidency

to give the Bobby Kennedy
people a place to go.

- Representatives of
Senator McCarthy

and of my office have
been meeting together

to work out language
on which our supporters

could join forces,
in terms of a plank

on an end to the war
in Vietnam.

- You expected to be here
with Robert Kennedy.

- Yes, I think about it
all the time.

Someone who I know was
sorry that they had not

participated in the campaign
of Robert Kennedy.

And they were gonna do it
later on, in the summer.

And that person
said to me that,

"One thing I've learned in life
since the assassination

of Robert Kennedy,
is never wait for summer."

That's kind of the way I feel
about American politics today.

I think if you really feel
about something, that you don't

put it off, you have to
do something about it now.

- Bobby Kennedy's death

changed the nature
of the campaign.

With him gone, whoever
was going to be the nominee

of the Democratic Party

had to come to grips with
what Kennedy represented.

- I'd like
to present to you

the Vice President
of the United States,

Hubert H. Humphrey,
for a few words.

- Thank you!

- Hubert Humphrey could have
come out against the war.

But he didn't want to do that,
because he didn't want

to jeopardize
his own nomination.

'Cause Lyndon Johnson had
all the levers of power

in the Democratic Party.

- I am the Vice President
of the United States.

The Vice President
of the United States

does not make the policy.

- He is a puppet,
so you can't tell

what he will think
or do in office

because he's not used
to thinking for himself.

The final say in
the delegate selection was in

the hands of the party bosses
and Lyndon Johnson.

- Someone questioned Johnson
about Humphrey's loyalty.

He said, "Don't worry
about Hubert.

I've got his pecker
in my pocket."

- Earlier this year,
top U.S. leaders vowed that

the Marine outpost at Khe Sahn
would be defended at all cost.

But today, the U.S. command in
Vietnam announced

that the Marines are pulling
out of Khe Sahn.

- That's the last bunker
on this base.

Now that the American troops
have blown it up,

there's nothing to protect them
from enemy artillery.

So now it's time for the final
departure from Khe Sahn.

- "Why did we fight
so hard to keep it

if we were going to
give it up like this?"

was the question
some asked themselves.

Others were relieved, because
they privately believed

Khe Sahn was of marginal
strategic importance anyway.

- Khe Sahn revealed
the futility of the war.

What was the goal?
There was no clear goal,

if the end result
is abandonment.

- Khe Sahn symbolizes
the frustration

of this kind of war.

A few must remember
their comrades,

who are among the 2,500
Khe Sahn casualties.

- I think Khe Sahn
stands as a symbol

of the whole war effort.

We got in for a--
supposedly, a strategic reason.

It became a point of pride
for President Johnson

and others from
the administration.

The small number of Marines
at that outpost

were subjected to
just brutal bombardment

for five months,
and when it turned out

that the enemy wouldn't fight
the way that we wanted

them to fight, we ended up
packing up and leaving.

- Now--as perhaps befits
this strangest of wars--

one of the most celebrated
battlefields of Vietnam

has been reduced, once again,
to a simple meadow.

- By the time we get to the
Republican Convention in 1968,

Richard Nixon
had done very well

in the primaries
leading up to that.

But he did not go in
to the convention hall

in Miami Beach,
having been assured

of the nomination.
He was sure.

- Nelson Rockefeller

decides at the last minute
to try to make a serious push

to gain the nomination,
even though he had

vacillated for months.

- I felt the problems
facing this nation,

at home and abroad
were so serious

that I had no right not to
make available what experience

I had for the use of the party
and the country.

- Rockefeller is probably
the most liberal Republican

of the era.

They were moderate Republicans

who were just a few steps
from liberals.

- Mr. Rockefeller
would get 41% of

the black Democrats
and Republicans--

and Independents, that is--
to cross over and vote for him.

Mr. Nixon's whole record
on civil rights

has not been good.

- I want you to know
that this marks

the end of one journey

and, we think, the beginning
of another one.

- One of the key things
that Nixon did was

to build a network of support
among political leaders

that would be respected
by Southerners.

Strom Thurmond, for example,
of South Carolina.

- All that we could ask for

is somebody who would
be just and fair,

and treat the South like the
other sections of the country.

- Strom Thurmond
had been a Democrat,

but he had left
the Democratic Party

because of
the Civil Rights act.

- The race is between
Mr. Nixon and Mr. Rockefeller,

and I would prefer
Mr. Nixon.

I think he would be better
for the whole country.

- Convention will
come to order.

- 1968 is the last
presidential year

in which it was possible
to run for President

without entering
any primaries.

Ronald Reagan showed up
in Miami Beach,

gave a press conference,
and said,

"I'm running for President."

- Yes, as of
this moment, uh--

in response to that resolution
by the California delegation,

I am a candidate.

- Reagan is, in many ways,
everything Nixon is not.

He's smooth, he's handsome,
people like him.

And people are--
are confused, they're like,

"We believe that he's
a true conservative,

"and we've never really
trusted Nixon.

Okay, so, now
what are we gonna do?"

- The name of the game
right now is "stop Nixon."

Now if a lot of
those Southern delegates

move away from Nixon
to Ronald Reagan,

then they feel that Nixon
can be stopped

on that first ballot.

- The real fear was that
Rockefeller and Reagan

could hold off enough votes,
so that that they could

prevent us having a victory
on the first ballot.

And then it would
break wide open.

Now, I didn't fear
Rockefeller, I never did,

but Reagan...
was something else.

- Are there any circumstances
under which you would

accept the Vice Presidency?

- There is no circumstance
whatsoever

that could alter my decision
about that.

- The pressuring of delegates

to come out for Nixon
or not to do so

proceeds with a kind
of glad-handed desperation.

- The key to hanging on,
as Nixon saw it,

was to hang on
to Southern delegates.

- Why could it go
either way?

- Well, you've got to reckon,

there's a lot of strength
in our delegation.

- Many of them really wanted
to go with Reagan.

And that's where Strom Thurmond
turns out to be so important.

- Senator Thurmond, I'm told
that there was some slipping

toward Reagan last night
in the South,

and specifically in your own
South Carolina delegation,

and that you
personally stopped it.

Is that correct?

- There's no slippage in
the South Carolina delegation.

We all are standing
for Nixon.

- Nixon persuading
Strom Thurmond

he's the best candidate
who can win...

That we went with our hearts
in '64 with Goldwater.

He took us down
to a horrible defeat.

So let's go
with a moderate now,

and then once we get in,

I can slow down the federal
government's efforts

at desegregating
schools in the South.

But the number one reason
was that

it looked like
Nixon could win.

- A candidate needs
667 delegates

to win the nomination,

but, with Nixon's estimated
total at above 600 now,

that air of victory
is obvious.

- Governor, may we ask you
what you might have

done differently,
thinking back now?

- Nothing; there isn't anything
I could have done differently.

- It was a weary
Governor Rockefeller

who hotel-hopped from one
delegation caucus to another.

Wife, Happy, appeared
anything but happy

as her husband began
to show the strain,

and, perhaps,
the futility of it.

- With the demise
of Nelson Rockefeller

and the sort of exclusion
of the moderate

and liberal side of
the Republican Party,

you began to see
the reshaping of

the Republican Party.

- We are having here,
in Miami Beach,

the convention of
the nice, white people.

All together, there are
26 non-white delegates

and 57 non-white alternates
out of 2,666.

There are none of
these magnificent, wounded

black faces to remind us
of what's going on

in this country.
There are only sunburns,

and smiles, and balloons.

- This is a lily-white
delegation there, and, uh--

they don't know exactly
what we want, so we thought

that we would get it together
and then take it to them.

- Violence broke out
tonight,

in a predominantly Negro
section of Miami.

Two buildings, reportedly,
were set afire.

Some looting was reported.

More than 200 police were
sent to the area,

and some tear gas was used
at one point to disperse

a rock- and-bottle-
throwing crowd.

- Nobody can really say why
it's happened,

it's just the pent-up anger,
the frustration,

and the idea of being trapped
in society.

It's just a way of saying,

"I will accept the abuse
no longer."

all: GOP!
GOP! GOP!

- 55-year-old
Richard Milhous Nixon

has confirmed now
that he will get a second run

at the Presidency
of the United States.

- Nixon knew that
he was making

one of the great comebacks

in American
political history.

And he was able to tap
into his own sense of renewal.

- As we look at America,
we see cities enveloped

in smoke and flame.

We hear sirens
in the night.

We see Americans dying on
distant battlefields abroad.

We see Americans
hating each other,

fighting each other,
killing each other at home.

And as we see
and hear these things,

millions of Americans
cry out in anguish,

"Did we come
all this way for this?"

- Nixon's speech was designed
to say, you know, "I hear you."

Unless we stop shouting
at one another,

we can't hear one another.

I mean, very powerful,
powerful words.

- It is the quiet voice

in the tumult
of the shouting.

It is the voice of the great
majority of Americans,

the forgotten Americans,
the non-shouters,

the non-demonstrators.

- Nixon wrote that speech,

contrary to a lot
of his speeches,

where he would be getting help
from his speech-writers.

That speech was all
Richard Nixon.

- America's in trouble
today, not because

her people have failed,
but because

her leaders have failed.
And what America needs

are leaders to match
the greatness of her people.

- Richard Nixon presenting
a face of placid calm

in a year of chaos.

And things are looking
pretty good for Richard Nixon.

- What?
- Is it your purpose here

to disrupt this convention?

- Life is disruptive
in America, let's face it.

If you believe in life,
you're disruptive.

You know? I don't want to go
and fight in that damn war.

You know, that's
a disruptive attitude.

They're gonna have to
pull me by my hair.

Right?

- The activist part
of my generation

is divided into two parts:
those who decide that

they can change the world
by supporting

a viable anti-war candidate,
and those who think

that the entire system
has to be torn down.

- Political pigs,
your days are numbered.

We are the second
American Revolution.

We are winning.
Yippie!

Yippies were, um--

crazy people
who did street theater.

- We're not gonna take part
in an old men's election.

Young people know
who's gonna win.

The winner's gonna
be Pigasus the Pig,

'cause every party's
running a pig.

- So why did you decide
to become a candidate?

- The plan was to have
a mass, moratorium-type

anti-war demonstration
in Chicago.

And at the same time,

a mass
counter-culture festival.

- We must stay
in the streets,

and stay in active resistance,
or else there will be no peace.

- I was with Rennie, Davis,
and Dave Dellinger,

and we were trying to
coordinate the mobilization,

which was this coalition of
fractious groups who agreed on

something like total withdrawal
from Vietnam now.

And Allen Ginsberg wanted
everybody to chant "Ohm,"

to bring the war to an end and
the police to their senses.

It was a motley medley
of all kinds of people.

- When we first went to
see Mayor Daley

and we thought
his Deputy Mayor

to try and get a permit,
he took me aside and said,

"Come on, what do you guys
really want to do?"

And I said,
"Well, did you see

'Wild in the Streets'?"

Which was a movie where
young people put LSD

into the water supply

and took over
the government.

And so this is what
the police expected.

- Our administration will
never permit

a lawless, violent group
of terrorists

to destroy the purpose
of this national convention

and take over the streets
of Chicago.

- Before he became mayor,
Chicago had

kind of become
a run down, drab city.

- The city is plagued
with strikes,

from cab drivers
to telephone installers.

But Mayor Daley says

the city's never been
in better shape.

- Mayor Daley wanted
to show off how he'd

turned it into
a modern showplace.

- Chicago loves size, scale.
One hotel here brags

that it has more flush toilets
under one roof

than any other building
in the world.

- Daley's administration
was absolutely committed

that, in his city,
this was not gonna be a place

where protestors were
gonna have a platform.

This was gonna
be a place where

they were going to be
put in their place.

- No one will be able to
take over the convention hall

or the streets of Chicago.

- Mayor Daley had exercised
such control over the city,

you couldn't even get near
the convention center

where the convention was
being held.

So, basically, all you could
do is protest among

the major hotels
in the loop area,

where a lot of
the delegates were staying.

- The peace groups
are demanding permission

to march on Convention Hall,
the night the Democrats

nominate their candidate
for President.

The city says no.

That would
endanger security.

There is a possibility of
mass arrests, unless the city

allows the demonstrators
to camp out in public parks.

There is nowhere else
for them to stay.

- I think it's
in their best interest

to let us sleep in the park
instead of roam

the streets at night.
- Boy Scouts could sleep

overnight in the parks,
but not hippies.

There's no other
place to sleep,

so we knew, if you're
going to drive people out

of the parks, they're going
to be in the streets.

It's gonna be pandemonium.
Is that what you want?

- How do you feel about
the anti-war demonstrators?

- I don't like 'em.

I don't like 'em one bit.
There's no reason for 'em.

They accomplish nothing.

- The police,
largely working-class people,

who'd come up the hard way,
see these privileged,

white students, and have
to wonder, "What do they have

to be angry about?"
And many of those

police officers themselves
identified with the soldiers

who were coming back from
the war in Vietnam.

- We are coming not because
our fight is with policemen,

or with National Guard troops.

Our fight is with the policies
of this administration.

- On this eve,
of the beginning of

the 35th Democratic
National Convention,

Chicago is nearly
security-tight.

- The police,
several thousand of them,

are now deployed.

U.S. Army troops
began arriving in Chicago

in substantial numbers
this morning,

at least 50 plane-loads.

But they will be available
to reinforce

some 5,500 Illinois National
Guardsmen, some 2,000 FBI,

Secret Service,
and other Federal agents,

and the 11,000-man
Chicago Police Force.

- We are concerned about
the build-up of the force

because we think anything
that's built up like this

is liable to be used.
- Now, you're a girl.

Are you afraid of any violence
that may occur?

- There'll be violence, yes,
no doubt about that,

but I'm not afraid of it.

- About 500 students, hippies,
Yippies, radicals, activists,

McCarthy kids,
and other peace demonstrators

marched four miles
from Lincoln Park

to the downtown hotels

housing the Democratic
Convention Delegates.

They stayed on the sidewalks.

They stopped
for traffic signals,

and they did not try to cross
police lines.

- Kindly obey
the traffic signals!

- As the protesters marched
back toward Lincoln Park,

they clashed with police.
- Whoa, hey! Cool it!

- We were told that we
would have to leave the park

at 11 o'clock at night.

At 5 o'clock, the police
started beating people up.

all: We want the park!
We want the park!

- They disperse
into the streets.

- I'm giving you
one more warning!

- One more warning!
- Clear the streets!

- And this is
the first melee of many.

- A whole bunch of them
picked me up and drug me,

and then they beat me.
They put mace in my face.

- How'd you get that blood
all over you?

- Because I came around
and got a picture of him

after he squirted me with mace.

- And he clubbed you?
- And he clubbed me.

- A Democratic Convention
is about to begin

in a police state.

There just doesn't seem to be
any other way to say it.

- I present to you now,
the able and gracious mayor

of the city of Chicago,
Richard J. Daley.

- Any political convention
is a show.

And Chicago mayor
Richard Daley

was a man of absolute control
in the Democratic Party.

He was a machine politician.
"This is my town!"

- Hey, Georgie!
- Now they're raising

the Illinois, uh--
delegation's--

sign.

Apparently a brief effort
to start a parade.

- Lyndon Johnson was wary of
holding the convention

in Chicago, but he gave it
to Chicago and Daley

because Daley assured him,

"It'll be a controlled
environment.

We will keep it
under control."

all:
One, two, three, four,

stop this damn war!

One, two, three, four,
stop this damn war!

- The Democratic Party
was closed to change on Vietnam

unless it faced
such massive pressure.

- Boo!

- That might make it turn.

- Mr. Vice President, this is
the opening night of

the Democratic Convention.
Are you gonna be nominated?

- That's my hope,
my plan.

That's what
we're trying to do.

- The security around this
international amphitheater

has been worthy
of an armed camp.

- Someone called
the amphitheater "Fort Daley."

And I think,

at this point, that is not
very far from the truth.

- I was distributing
farm worker literature,

and Mayor Daley's hench-people
shoved me aside,

and broke my glasses, and--

So, I mean,
I wasn't hurt, but...

that's the floor
of the convention.

- And what is your name, sir?
- Take your hands off of me!

Unless you intend
to arrest me!

- A small group of reporters

were allowed at least
on the periphery of it.

And these guys started
to strong-arm me.

But don't push me!

Take your hands off of me
unless you plan to arrest me!

Wait a minute,
wait a minute!

A guy hit me, short punch
in the solar-plexus,

which knocked me down.

- I think we've got
a bunch of thugs here, Dan.

- This was supposed to be
a Democratic convention.

- The latest ABC
Delegate count show:

Senator McCarthy, 706 votes.

Senator McGovern, 123 votes.

- Senator Eugene McCarthy
has conceded defeat

in his bid for the Democratic
Presidential Nomination.

- Hubert Humphrey
has his lined up.

I think Senator
Eugene McCarthy really, uh--

would have conceded defeat
in his heart of hearts

a month or two ago.

- The nomination was really
not in question anymore.

- Mr. McGovern?
- It was not

gonna be McCarthy and it was
not gonna be McGovern.

It was gonna be
Hubert Humphrey.

That was a done deal
before the Convention opened.

So the focus became
on a peace plank

in the Democratic
Party platform,

which was felt
very strongly by those of us

who had been in
the Kennedy campaign,

or were in the McCarthy
or McGovern campaign.

It was our sort
of last hope that

we might get
something, at least.

- This is the moment of truth
for the Democratic Party!

It was the issue of Vietnam,
and its deeply held feelings

that the killing had to stop
that motivated Robert Kennedy

to become a candidate
for President.

A bullet stilled that voice,

but he is here today.

And if he
were alive today,

he would be
on that platform,

speaking for
this minority plank.

Thank you.

- This is still
a volatile convention,

as you see here with this
demonstration on the floor.

A minority plank is the one

that would stop
the bombing now,

without any pre-conditions.

- There's a minority among us,

represented over in Grant Park.

And let me say that
the police department,

Mayor Daley, must all be
related to Job, they've shown

that much patience.

They want pot
instead of patriotism!

And they would substitute riots
for reason!

- Move back, please!

- As the forces
of the counter-culture

are girding their loins
to battle the police

out on the streets,

the civil war
within the Convention Hall

is almost as intense.

Do we accept this war?
Or do we reject this war?

There could be
no greater division.

- A "yes" vote here is
to stop the bombing now,

unconditionally.

- Alabama votes
30 1/2 "no."

- It was a very
moderate resolution.

It wasn't immediate,
unconditional,

universal withdrawal.

It was, "Let's find a way to--
to crank this down,

and bring our troops home."

- California cast
166 votes "aye."

- The position of the other
side was, "We don't want

to tie the hands
of the Commander in Chief."

- No.

- "We don't know enough
to make that judgment."

- Fifteen "no."

- "The military will lead us
in the right direction,

and so let's
leave it alone."

- Illinois, 105 votes "no,"
13 "yes."

- The platform
that was pro-war,

passed on a 1,500 to
1,000 vote of the delegates.

all: ♪ We shall overcome

- Nebraska, Alaska, and
Vermont have joined New York

in this extraordinary
demonstration

of anti-war sentiment
on the Convention floor.

- Step it down! Step down!

All right, the marshals
are going to the points!

- When the platform lost,
somebody climbed the flag pole

pulled down the American flag,
turned it upside-down,

which is, in the military,
a symbol of distress.

And the police
just knocked down

all the barricades,
ran over all the marshals

who were trying to keep peace,
beating people wantonly.

Everybody being gassed.

And inside the Convention,
it was a replica of outside.

- Got a lot of pushing,
the man being pushed--

Watch it, they're gonna
knock that over.

The man is a delegate.

There's a priest in here,
dozens of reporters.

And the man who
got involved in it all

is very calmly
smoking a cigarette!

This is a perfect indication
of the mood

of this Convention
on the floor.

- The greatest irony of
the Democratic Convention

in Chicago: Richard Daley
has an amazing secret.

Richard Daley
is a fierce opponent of

the Vietnam War,
because the son of

one of his closest friends
has been killed

in the Vietnam War.

And from that moment on,
he hates the war.

But nobody knows this
in 1968.

- I came here
to talk to you

about Hubert
Horatio Humphrey.

- On the night of
the, uh, nomination...

all: Peace now!
Peace now!

- We on the outside
gathered in the park,

across from
the Conrad Hilton.

And the bridges were all
closed off by Jeeps,

mounted with barbed wire,

machine guns
placed on the streets,

pointed at
these demonstrators.

And the breakdown
of law and order was

being perpetuated by
the forces of law and order.

- Downtown Chicago, at Balbo
and Michigan Avenues,

there has been in progress,
for some time,

a peace demonstration.

The police have come
to put it down.

The National Guard has
been called to help.

- Police...

and demonstrators
tussling all over

this busy intersection...

on this, the night of
the Presidential nominations

at this Democratic Convention.

- It was a police riot.

And I had never seen that
before in my life.

I had never seen
groups of policemen

with lead-knuckled
gloves and clubs,

going after civilians.

There were pools of blood
on Michigan Avenue.

- Walter, a bit confusing
down here on the floor/

Shirley MacLaine and Roosevelt
Grier are among those in front

of a tiny television monitor.

- What was your reaction
to what happened downtown?

- Oh, it's devastating.
So unreal as to what's

happening here, compared to
what's happening down there.

- A girl being carried off
to a paddy wagon

in something...less than
a non-violent manner.

It was supposed to be
a non-violent

demonstration today.

But one will never know
what it was that

made it become violent.

- Mr. Chairman,

most delegates
to this Convention do not know

that thousands of young people
are being beaten

in the streets of Chicago.

- It didn't really explode
inside the Convention Hall

until the delegates
saw pictures of

the police beating people.

- And for that reason,

I request the suspension
overruled,

to relocate the Convention
in another city--

- Wisconsin is not recognized
for that purpose!

It just blew to pieces

inside the Convention Hall.
And it was a rampage.

- The security guards are
pushing people back here.

You get that--!

Get her out of here!
- Police all over the place,

and delegates,
there's a really big fray

going on in here.
- With George McGovern

as President of
the United States,

We wouldn't have to have
Gestapo st--tactics

in the streets of Chicago!

How hard it is.

How hard it is
to accept the truth.

- The persistent chanting
by the crowd,

"The whole
world is watching."

A shot of gas, is it?

- Fourteen votes for
Hubert Humphrey.

- Oh, no, I was wrong.

- Pennsylvania,
130 votes.

- Oh, here we go.

- Vice President Humphrey
was in his room

at the Hilton
when the tear gas began

floating over that way.

Blown by the wind,
he got a good whiff of it.

And he began coughing
and sneezing; he's alright.

- I think what was
happening outside,

overwhelmed what happened
inside.

- This is going to do it.
- And 103 3/4.

- And Vice President
Hubert Humphrey

is the nominee of
the Democratic Party for

the Presidency
of the United States.

- I feel like really jumping!

- Hooray, hooray,
hooray, hooray, hooray!

- They can't nominate a man

for President of the United
States and expect people to

take his candidacy seriously
when the country wants

law and order,
and the way they're conducting

law and order is to destroy
every vestige of respect

for human dignity
and for Democratic procedure.

How can the Democratic Party
do this?

- Here was Humphrey,
trying to express

his own great moment.

All of his political career,
this was what he wanted.

And it was being
utterly destroyed

by what was happening
on the streets.

This was Hubert Humphrey's
humiliation.

- As I stood and watched
Hubert Humphrey tonight,

stand where he has
wanted to for so long,

at the very top of
the Democratic Party heap,

my first thought was:
"Some heap."

The divisions in this party
run very deep, indeed.

And Hubert Humphrey, uh--
who wants to be a healer

for the Party
and for the country,

has very little time
to heal the divisions

in this party in terms
of the November election.

Uh, it's--it's my judgment
that Hubert Humphrey

starts out an underdog.

- Nixon could be gleeful
about trumping his enemies,

and it gave him great joy

to go to Chicago
to begin his campaign,

in the very place
where the Democratic Party

had been humiliated
by a riot.

- ♪ Stand up

♪ And let's take
the band up ♪

- Here comes
Richard Nixon, the uniter,

coming through
the city of Chicago,

you know, like a Roman
emperor, and being cheered by

tens of thousands
and harassed by no one.

So it looks like
this would be

the fellow that can
unite the country.

- ♪ Nixon's the one

- Humphrey's in
an impossible situation.

He's associated with the chaos
of the anti-war movement,

because of what happened
at the Convention.

He has this albatross of a war
tied around his neck.

And everywhere he goes,
chaos follows.

- And we're faced
on the other,

in the Republican Party,
with the age-old coalition

of the Conservative Republican
and the Dixiecrats,

the Nixons
and the Strom Thurmonds

who prefer
to remain silent.

- Humphrey came out
of that Convention

not only with
no convention bounce,

but actually
going backwards.

- The problems of
Hubert Humphrey are many.

His campaign does not
have enough money

and it has little chance
of getting enough money

because potential backers
feel he has

little chance of winning.

Ask a Humphrey aide
about this,

ask him, "Aren't you
discouraged?"

And he'll tell you,

"I wouldn't say
we're discouraged,

"but I would say
that over-confidence

is not our thing."

- Beauties on parade
in Convention Hall,

Atlantic City,
during the oldest contest

of its kind, Miss America.
The winner?

Deborah Dene Barnes,
20-year-old Miss Kansas,

a future piano teacher.
Lessons, anyone?

- Women, use your brains,
not your body!

- The 1960s was about
women demanding

justice in the society,
and nowhere was this

more public and powerful

than the 1968
Miss America Contest.

- No more pain! No more trying
to hold the fat in vain!

- We had a freedom trash can,
and we threw in bras

and diapers and high-heeled
shoes and girdles

and steno pads and symbols
of women's oppression.

- It struck a chord

with so many women
around the country

that in some ways it was
the first national emergence

of a women's movement,
per se.

- Hey!

- I think in '68,
everything felt a lot...

More on the edge.

George Wallace was
running for president,

and it felt like the country
could just turn into

just a sea of turmoil.

- You are some of the people
that folks in this country

are sick and tired of,
I can tell you that,

all over the United States.

They believe in
four-letter words.

But I know two four-letter
words you don't know.

W-O-R-K and S-O-A-P,
you don't know those.

- What was striking was
the extent to which

he was drawing support
away from Hubert Humphrey

specifically, urban,
Northern white workers.

often union members, often
individuals who, traditionally,

had been strong supporters of
the Democratic Party.

- What do you think is
the biggest attraction

that Wallace has?

- Common sense and
easy-to-understand language.

- You don't think
he's going to win,

but you do have the sense that
he's gonna get a lot of votes.

And what does that
say about America?

- George Wallace's audiences
have been growing both in size

and in emotional
outbursts.

Here in Kansas City,
this crowd showed the effect

he's having, as he campaigns
about the country

with growing confidence.

- If the Presidential election
were held today,

a CBS News survey shows

that Richard Nixon would win,
hands down,

and Vice President Humphrey
would finish third

in the electoral vote.

- Believe the Republican
candidate owes it to the people

to come out of the shadows.

all: Dump the Hump!
Dump the Hump!

Knock it off,
will you, please?

- By September of '68,
Humphrey is absolutely having

the worst political moment
you could possibly imagine.

He's being heckled at every
event that he goes to.

He practically has to beg
Democratic politicians

to appear with him,
and to endorse him.

It's a dispiriting campaign.

- He has not yet

in any particular instance
indicated one disagreement

with any of the policies
of the past four years.

- Vietnam is defining
the 1968 election.

And Humphrey understands he
has to do something dramatic,

he has to do something bold,
and he knows what that is.

- As President,

I would stop the bombing
of the North,

as an acceptable risk
for peace.

Because I believe
it could lead

to success in the negotiations
and thereby shorten the war.

- Le Duc Tho, a member of
the Hanoi delegation

at the Paris Peace Talks,
said today

Mr. Humphrey's speech contained
absolutely nothing new.

Whatever
the North Vietnamese say,

the Vice President's speech
last night

was clearly
his most serious effort

of the campaign to establish
his own position on Vietnam.

- Richard Nixon played
a very subtle political game

on the Vietnam War.

He talked about
peace with honor,

but never articulated
that plan.

- When and if we win
this election,

I hope the war will be over,
but if it is not over,

then I think it's time
for a new team to go in

that will not be tied in to the
frozen policies of the past.

- Now Hubert Humphrey
was articulating something

that many Americans felt,

but weren't hearing
from Richard Nixon.

- Does this change
your opinion of him

as a Presidential candidate?

- It might.

- Why is that?

- Well, because everyone
wants the bombing stopped.

- When Humphrey gave
the Salt Lake City speech,

it really alarmed me.

all: We want Humphrey!
We want Humphrey!

- Because he untied that party

which had been ripped apart
all year,

and you could hear
the footsteps behind you,

where I was.

- The anti-war activists,

they stop heckling him.

- In Charlotte, North
Carolina, a crowd of

10,000 people cheered
the Vice President wildly,

and he loved it.

It was about the same
wherever he went:

Tennessee, West Virginia,
Florida.

And the Vice President
seemed to gain new confidence.

- I need you.

Quite frankly,
I think you may need me.

And I think--

- Nixon spends his whole life
running scared.

And all of a sudden,
the race that was

well in hand
is getting close.

And he begins to sweat.

- This means absolutely--
this is sort of the kid stuff

that somebody goes through
when he's behind.

- Nix on Nixon,
that's what it's gotta be!

- This is the time
and this is the place

to take off the gloves,
and sock it to 'em!

- I'm gonna sting ya,
and sting ya,

like a hornet and a bee,
day in and day out!

- There's some real advantages

in being an underdog!

Sooner or later, your opponent
will have to start looking

over his shoulder.

And that's the time that
you pass him on the inside,

and get the medals,
and win the prize,

and gain the victory!

- Apollo 7 starts the final
push to the moon.

- North Vietnam said
there will be no breakthrough

in the peace talks until
the bombing has stopped.

- It's been a long time,
Jack, I'll tell ya.

- Let's enlist the people in
the handling

of the problems of America.

- He must be gettin'
saddle-sore,

straddling all those issues.

- I don't mind speaking here,
but when you start

throwing rocks that size--
who threw it?

- It's been one of
the roughest political years

in American history.

In the next few hours, we'll
see how it all turned out.